[HN Gopher] To get kids into science, just do it
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       To get kids into science, just do it
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2022-11-05 23:11 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
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       | c7DJTLrn wrote:
       | To get kids into science, make the education system better. Less
       | memorisation, more practical work. Accelerate things for those
       | interested and remove those that aren't. I wanted to be a
       | chemical engineer or pharmacologist but got so bored that I moved
       | on to something else. Now I fiddle with code and do nothing of
       | real value to society. At least I get paid well I supppose.
        
         | humanrebar wrote:
         | Lots of code is valuable to society. Find a product you believe
         | in more if that's the problem. And a lot of software is very
         | valuable but taken for granted.
         | 
         | To pick an arbitrary example, word processing removed all sorts
         | of even less "valuable" work from the world: mailing thing
         | around, extra printing, photocopying, physical filing,
         | transcription services, and all sorts of related rote
         | secretarial duties. Those jobs are gone and people do other
         | things now... maybe they work in healthcare.
        
           | eggsmediumrare wrote:
           | Those jobs are gone and now those people drive ubers and and
           | barely scrape by
        
         | granshaw wrote:
         | I'm sorry, but this is somewhat playing the victim.
         | 
         | If you really felt strongly about being a a chemical engineer
         | or pharmacologist and benefitting society through that, the
         | schoolwork being uninteresting doesn't sound like a big hurdle
         | to overcome.
         | 
         | We can't expect "the system" to solve everything.
        
       | onos wrote:
       | My hot take: early science classes are almost completely useless,
       | infotainment-type courses. Much better to engage the interested
       | young with math. Then they can get into real science courses when
       | in highschool.
        
         | sfpotter wrote:
         | You can easily get kids engaged with both math and science.
         | They aren't mutually exclusive.
         | 
         | There's nothing wrong with "infotainment". Some of the things
         | which I experienced in elementary school which stuck with me
         | the longest were when our gym teacher would play educational
         | videos about human anatomy. A lot of these videos featured
         | "Osmosis Jones"-style flythroughs of different organs. "Here's
         | the stomach, it's filled with acid, etc." Netflix has The Magic
         | Schoolbus right now. My wife and I were amusing ourselves by
         | watching it for a few minutes last night, and I realized that
         | the first episode (they visit each planet in the solar system
         | on their bus, which had transformed into a space ship) had
         | stuck with me almost verbatim, even though I haven't seen it in
         | over 20 years. There are basic concepts that are quickly and
         | easily imparted in this form (the sun is huge, the planets are
         | very far apart, etc.) because of the visual format. Nothing
         | wrong with this.
         | 
         | All this "infotainment" really helped develop my imagination
         | and powers of visualization, both of which have paid dividends
         | for me in the long run.
         | 
         | How "useful" a class is has as much to do with the instructor
         | and the resources available to them as it does the particular
         | pedagogical style. Should also be kept in mind that not
         | everyone is going to become a scientist or use math on the job.
         | The solution here isn't to eliminate "useless" subjects from
         | school, but to focus on how to give people a broad education so
         | that they can become informed and critical thinkers.
        
         | pjbeam wrote:
         | A little bit of wow factor from infotainment at an
         | impressionable age can lead to lifetime interest that is far,
         | far more impactful than the "educational" quality or content of
         | these classes.
         | 
         | Not always of course but this kind of thing can definitely be
         | valuable.
        
           | onos wrote:
           | I suppose you are right. I didn't get any of that in any of
           | my science classes before highschool, but I guess it's
           | possible.
        
       | fastneutron wrote:
       | To the people posting about having good chemistry sets as a kid:
       | what were these sets and where did you/your parents get them?
       | Where are the good sources today?
       | 
       | Everything I remember growing up in the 90s was pretty dumbed
       | down at best, and if you wanted to order any of the interesting
       | chemicals or equipment, you needed a company or school letterhead
       | with a PO account. Things got better in the 00s when eBay was
       | still pretty open in terms of what you could find, but that seems
       | to have been clamped down on more recently. Fear of litigation
       | most likely.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | How about a virtual chemistry set? Saves me from cleaning up.
         | Plus the kid can do dangerous stuff.
         | 
         | Does it exist?
        
         | mumblemumble wrote:
         | I think that 1990 is probably pretty close to the point where
         | chemistry sets finally got safe(r).
         | 
         | I was born in the early 80s and my older brother was born in
         | the mid 70s, and I distinctly remember preferring to play with
         | his old hand-me-down chemistry set rather than mine. One like
         | his could not be found in stores anywhere by the time I was old
         | enough to be interested in a chemistry set.
         | 
         | But I also never gave myself any horrible chemical burns
         | playing with my own chemistry set. So it's probably a decent
         | trade-off, all told.
        
         | ehBut wrote:
         | To these people as well; cooking is chemistry. Making household
         | cleaners is chemistry.
         | 
         | To do chemistry with kids all one needs is a grocery store, an
         | herb shoppe, and the right explanations for what's going on.
         | 
         | But instead there's bunch of waxing poetic about how the world
         | has changed. It's rather pathetic to think science should come
         | neatly labeled in a box. The lack of individual creativity and
         | imagination in our culture is stunning.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Both of my parents are chemists. My brothers and I never had
           | a chemistry set. There was plenty to learn about chemistry,
           | and science, just doing regular household things, outdoors,
           | etc.
        
           | antasvara wrote:
           | As a child, a lot of innovation comes from riffing on things
           | you see/learn from the world around you.
           | 
           | When you talk to people that had scientific experiences as a
           | child, a significant component of the learning comes from
           | tinkering with already built devices, seeing an experiment
           | and thinking "what else would work in this," etc.
           | 
           | Science isn't neatly labeled in a box. However, a decent
           | chunk of it is using previously done research to guide new
           | questions, a process that is emulated on a smaller level by
           | chemistry sets.
        
             | ehBut wrote:
             | What you said isn't unreasonable but so generic it hardly
             | says "must buy chemistry set".
             | 
             | "Previously done research" like "these things taste good
             | together" and "add this to cleaner to get a nice smell."
             | Sounds like riffing on the world right around them. You're
             | not going to get functionally fixed on when and where to
             | use generic language like "previously done research" are
             | you?
             | 
             | The rigor can come in when the work demands it. Kid's
             | chemistry sets are not saving lives or unlocking new
             | truths. The industrial pipeline to produce them hardly
             | seems worth it.
             | 
             | You do you. Personally, I prefer the path of least
             | resistance for myself; buying less, dealing with less mess,
             | and using the immediate environment to explore the same
             | language and ideas. Of course it means having an
             | imagination. Something adults often lack, seeing the path
             | of least resistance as living in their memory, behaving
             | literally in lock step with it.
        
         | yCombLinks wrote:
         | In the 90's my aunt bought an old chemistry set from a yard
         | sale and it was amazing! From the 60s or 70s I think. Had all
         | kinds of crazy stuff you'd never get (even then) off a big box
         | store shelf.
        
         | n0tth3dro1ds wrote:
         | Ever hear Kary Mullis (PCR inventor / Nobel prize) talk about
         | his childhood? He could basically buy whatever chemical he
         | wanted. Definitely did dangerous stuff and got into trouble,
         | but it's hard to imagine children today having similar ability
         | to hone skills with brains still spungey and time still
         | abundant.
        
           | hnews_account_1 wrote:
           | Are .. are you saying it's a bad thing children can't handle
           | dangerous chemicals anymore? Wut?!
        
             | n0tth3dro1ds wrote:
             | Yeah, a little bit. It's not just kids that can't get their
             | hands on stuff. Even trained adults have to jump through
             | regulatory and legal hoops. Schools face tons of liability.
             | Mass market chemistry sets are lame now.
        
               | fastneutron wrote:
               | If you want to buy _anything_ from Alfa Aesar, Fisher
               | Scientific or any similar "real" supplier, you need to be
               | a corporation or educational institution and have a
               | purchasing account or p-card. Even if it's distilled
               | water or sodium chloride. Find a kid who can jump through
               | those hoops and you'll have someone who'd probably make a
               | decent cofounder
        
             | fuzzfactor wrote:
             | >are you saying it's a bad thing children can't handle
             | dangerous chemicals anymore?
             | 
             | well, yes.
             | 
             | I think it was much safer when kids in general were more
             | well qualified across-the-board.
        
             | strken wrote:
             | I mean, yes? Our threshold for what's dangerous is very
             | sensitive and our trust in kids is very low.
             | 
             | A ten year old raised to understand danger can be capable
             | of using bleach safely, operating a lawnmower, or carrying
             | out fun exothermic reactions in the backyard.
        
             | fastneutron wrote:
             | There weren't exactly mass casualties resulting from the
             | chemistry sets being mentioned by the other posters in this
             | thread either. We just got more afraid of being sued.
             | 
             | Snark aside, where is the middle ground? Fizzing and food
             | coloring is interesting to a 5 year old, but that's about
             | all you can get as a consumer these days. There's likely a
             | vast gulf of squandered opportunity between that and what
             | can genuinely be done safely and still be inspiring.
        
           | fastneutron wrote:
           | I believe it. In the 50s You used to be able to get chemistry
           | sets with potassium chlorate and mail-in coupons for
           | radioisotopes. Now it's all the same cheap, uninspiring crap
           | for making glue slime or vinegar/baking soda fizzes.
           | 
           | I had sympathetic parents with chemistry degrees, and we were
           | able to find ways to get the cool stuff when I was a
           | teenager, but for the vast majority, it's no surprise that
           | kids lose interest in STEM fields as they reach their teens.
        
             | II2II wrote:
             | > I had sympathetic parents with chemistry degrees
             | 
             | In other words, you were able to access the cool stuff
             | because someone in your life knew how to handle it. That is
             | probably the way it should be. Now consider all of the
             | families where the parents do not have chemistry degrees,
             | do not work in industries where they regularly handle
             | hazardous materials, or even have to take general workplace
             | safety seriously. You pretty much have to hope the teenager
             | instilled a sense of respect for safety in themselves.
        
             | malux85 wrote:
             | Yea, when I was a teenager I had a key to my high school
             | chemistry lab, and would go do experiments on my liquid
             | mercury resonance reactor in the weekend.
             | 
             | How wild is that?! Can't imagine it happening today
        
           | bergenty wrote:
           | Well now information is so accessible that with access to
           | those chemicals you would have degenerate kids blowing up
           | schools instead of just shooting them up.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | My friend Jerry and I and some friends have done a whole set of
       | experiments on various aspects of making coffee, and if I can
       | ever get him off the dime we'll be publishing them here.
       | 
       | So yeah, we Did Some Science. So can you. You can stop reading
       | all these "experts recommend" stories about, e.g. not keeping
       | your beans longer than two weeks, and just carry out a proper
       | experiment on whether _you_ can tell the difference. Who cares if
       | the general population can tell if you can 't?
       | 
       | "Doing science" means applying some basic techniques that anyone
       | can learn. Especially the kids.
        
       | rdtwo wrote:
       | Why would you want to get kids into science? It don't pay for
       | shit and career/life prospects are grim. Grind out a phd for 80k
       | starting salary? Hard pass
        
         | Nursie wrote:
         | Because it gives them tools to understand the world. Because
         | not everything you teach kids has to lead to a PhD or a
         | specific career? Because 'science' plays into engineering,
         | finance and tech sector careers?
         | 
         | This has got to be some sort of satire.
        
         | rcxdude wrote:
         | An understanding of and willingness to do science is a broadly
         | applicable skill across many different disciplines (even if you
         | don't get a degree in it), as well as being a useful life
         | skill. It's something kids absolutely should be exposed to even
         | if it's not their passion nor do they wind up doing something
         | as an adult which would be generally labelled 'science' (which
         | is a shorthand usually meaning natural sciences specifically).
        
         | aqsalose wrote:
         | I suspect interacting with the real physical world and its
         | realities and to realize one can affect it would be good, no
         | matter what career they'd pick later. Picking a career in
         | software development has been a good choice for bright kids for
         | several decades now. In the long term view, the past is full of
         | "good career choices for bright kids" that at some point no
         | longer were not.
         | 
         | The physical world is not going anywhere.
        
         | europeanguy wrote:
         | Because it's interesting.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | To me, getting kids into science is not just a path to PhDs,
         | but to engineering and technology in general, and that is a
         | very lucrative area money wise.
        
         | OgAstorga wrote:
         | More than half the American families earn less than 75k
         | household income[1]. So the career/life prospects are grim
         | either way.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/203183/percentage-
         | distri...
        
           | TexanFeller wrote:
           | My family made noticeably less than that, even considering
           | inflation since then. In my home town the average family
           | income is around half that in today's dollars. I'm a high
           | income SWE now. Growing up in a <$75k HH income family
           | doesn't imply grim prospects, that's typical middle class.
           | Everyone I grew up with would consider $75k high income
           | bordering on rich.
        
           | rdtwo wrote:
           | They won't be Able to make it to a career in science. Since
           | you need a PHD or at least a masters to do it you need to go
           | through some top tier universities and invest some serious $$
           | into it. Science is for love is only a marginally better
           | career choice than art.
        
         | karmakurtisaani wrote:
         | This is a very much valid point. Science is amazingly cool, but
         | gives you a pretty shit life.
         | 
         | I'll encourage my kids towards science as much as needed and
         | let their develop their thinking while they're at it, and
         | congratulate them for the enlightenment when they come tell me
         | that working as a scientist sucks. It's still really good for
         | them to pursue that career early, if it's what they enjoy.
        
         | scrappyjoe wrote:
         | This is the sort of comment that makes me really take a hard
         | look at capitalism. The way I see it, scientific work is
         | rewarding in and of itself. I don't _need_ to make huge amounts
         | of money if I'm doing something intellectually rewarding that
         | contributes to our collective knowledge. Sure, add monetary
         | compensation to your list of optimising constraints. But to
         | make it the SOLE optimising constraint in your life? That's
         | tragic, IMO. Make enough. Do interesting things. Cultivate
         | rewarding relationships. Be happy.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | PhDs are massively taken advantage of. The whole "do it for
           | passion" thing is literally used as argument to abuse them.
           | 
           | Little money, long hours, effectively up or out pyramid where
           | most people gonl out, expectation that you will move in few
           | years and partner will follow.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tenpies wrote:
         | I had the same question, but my response was: "at the end of
         | the day, authoritarian politicians will order you what to
         | think, and their media/technology lackeys will enforce those
         | orders".
        
         | mcculley wrote:
         | I think your assessment is not based on the current labor
         | market. I am aware of scientists with a fresh B.S. making that
         | much. I do agree that there is little economic value in most
         | Ph.D. programs.
        
         | trashface wrote:
         | Its probably more reliable income though. Screw up in tech (not
         | even big tech), or have some kind of life misfortune, and your
         | salary can pretty quickly go to zero. Knowing how to reverse a
         | tree on a whiteboard is not some kind of important skill that
         | employers want.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Not all people have the motivation and self discipline to force
         | themselves through a career in something that they hate, solely
         | for the money.
         | 
         | I learned programming as a kid in 1981 and fell in love with
         | it. I knew about the demand for programmers, as my mom was
         | teaching programming at a nearby tech school.
         | 
         | My college internship was at a large computing facility, which
         | employed a number of programmers. I formed the impression that
         | programming _as a job_ was incredibly repetitive, stressful,
         | and boring. I majored in math and physics, and ended up with a
         | PhD in physics.
         | 
         | I do plenty of programming today, but on my own terms. I work
         | at a place that has a large programming department, and my
         | opinion of programming as a job has not changed. On the other
         | hand, if someone loves that kind of work, or can at least grind
         | their way through it, they're welcome to the money.
         | 
         | It may have taken me a bit longer to reach a decent salary
         | level. Today, I'm the highest ranking "technical track" worker
         | in one division of a F500. Had I gone into programming, I might
         | have reached a plateau, or burnt out.
        
         | dislikedtom2 wrote:
         | I'm not able to tell if this comment is satire and it worries
         | me.
        
           | auxym wrote:
           | I don't think it's satire.
           | 
           | STEM is pushed hard, but realistically, science and math dont
           | have that great career prospects. For one thing, a PhD, and
           | the 4-7 year opportunity cost that comes with it, is pretty
           | much required to get anything more than a lab tech job.
           | 
           | After that PhD, where do you go? You can try for an insanely
           | competitive tenure track faculty position. Or a very limited
           | number of industry researcher jobs.
           | 
           | The E in STEM (traditional engineering) isn't exactly tech in
           | terms of salaries and job availability, but it mostly
           | guarantees paying the bills with a decent WLB after "just" a
           | bachelor's.
        
             | jleyank wrote:
             | There are a fair number of phd's employed in
             | biotech/pharma. Who do you think makes the stuff? Bs/ms are
             | their techs. The ads in the states publishes salary history
             | every year for those who care. It's not SV salary but it's
             | way more useful than selling ads and scarfing data - you
             | can actually end up curing a cancer or other diseases...
             | 
             | And before you go about just curing symptoms, remember that
             | many real cures would require gene modification and people
             | aren't all that interested in being a gmo. Ask RA sufferers
             | about drugs like Humera re curing symptoms.
        
             | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
             | I mean, usually you just end up trading stonk at
             | Renaissance Technologies or PanAgora. I'm not studying
             | anything finance related and haven't even finished my phd
             | and they've still been actively after me to sell my soul
             | for mid six figures. The worst part was, I did the
             | interviews to get an offer and everyone I talked to was
             | tangibly brilliant- like could really be changing the world
             | instead of this. I almost did it for the money + chance to
             | work with a bunch of actually smart people, but the moral
             | implications barely won out.
        
               | ProjectArcturis wrote:
               | What moral implications? Quants at RenTech are basically
               | just card counters in the biggest casino in the world.
        
               | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
               | I came to the conclusion that most likely, taking the job
               | was morally neutral- barely hurting nor helping anyone
               | outside the firm (not specifically RT- don't want to out
               | myself); but that on a larger scale our country is
               | rotting because our most capable thinkers are doing this
               | instead of anything morally positive (solving healthcare,
               | solving the climate crisis, leading the country), and I
               | didn't want to participate in that brain drain.
               | 
               | Looking at my own motivations, one of the big draws of
               | the position was that everyone I talked to at the firm
               | was competent and pleasant, while in domains solving real
               | problems (again for example healthcare and climate) 70%
               | of people I've interacted with are stupid, petty, or
               | both. But stepping back, isn't that state of affairs
               | existentially horrifying? If that status quo persists,
               | will we even survive as a species?
        
               | ProjectArcturis wrote:
               | Fair. It's really a shame that society incentivizes its
               | smartest to go into finance rather than a positive-sum
               | endeavor. If it's any reassurance, the world has pretty
               | much always been this way.
               | 
               | And I'm pretty surprised everyone you met was pleasant --
               | that was certainly not my experience at a hedge fund.
        
               | karmakurtisaani wrote:
               | Knowing what I know now, I would have jumped ship in your
               | shoes in an instant. After 5 years of that work you could
               | be free from working ever again and do whatever you feel
               | like. I've heard that RT for example can pay you up to 1M
               | per year for entry level, and looking at their profit
               | margins I don't really doubt it.
        
               | ourmandave wrote:
               | Had to look it up.
               | 
               | The starting salary for a research scientist is $170 -
               | $205K.
               | 
               | https://www.rentec.com/Careers.action?researchScientist=t
               | rue
        
               | karmakurtisaani wrote:
               | RT has a yearly return averaging around 40%, and the
               | employees only portfolio averages around 70% per year (at
               | least this was the case a few years ago still). I would
               | imagine the major part of the compensation comes from
               | bonuses and the opportunity to invest in the employees
               | only fund.
               | 
               | 170k-200k is not that different from ordinary banks, I
               | can't imagine it's all RT would pay.
               | 
               | Edit: had to look up the annual returns and they seem to
               | be a bit different depending on where you look, so take
               | those numbers with a grain of salt. In any case they're
               | consistently the most profitable hedge fund out there.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | At those places the real money is made by being allowed
               | to participate in the employee-only investment funds.
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | A PhD in maths is _incredibly_ valuable. Anything abstract
             | algebra related, and the likes of the NSA are all over you.
             | Anything numerical analysis related will find plenty of
             | opportunities in finance, and the industry just calls
             | statistics specialists "Data Scientists".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cercatrova wrote:
               | The NSA doesn't pay that much compared to the opportunity
               | cost of the wage lost getting that PhD. Their salaries
               | are capped by government standards, they can't pay above
               | that.
        
               | auxym wrote:
               | Yeah, to be fair, my perspective is from Canada, which I
               | probably should have mentioned.
               | 
               | I mean, we do have the RCMP and Bay Street, but I don't
               | think it's comparable (in number of positions, salaries
               | offered, etc) to NSA and Wall Street.
        
               | insightcheck wrote:
               | I heard that if you studied math with applications to
               | computer science, you can find great opportunities with
               | technology too (if not moving to the US for places like
               | Google, there are quantum computing startups like Xanadu
               | in Canada, along with other technology startups in
               | Canada's big cities too).
               | 
               | In addition, outside of the RCMP, various ministries of
               | the Canadian government could need the skillset too
               | (Statistics Canada being the one that first comes to
               | mind, though any teams that do economic analyses could
               | benefit from someone with the background).
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | GS pay isn't that competitive
        
               | 4ad wrote:
               | > NSA
               | 
               | > finance
               | 
               | You're not selling it.
        
               | annyeonghada wrote:
               | Yeah, I remember my Physics degree: "With a Physics
               | degree you will have lots of employment opportunities...
               | but not in Physics!"
        
             | mcculley wrote:
             | The current labor market is paying much better than before
             | for scientists with just a B.S.
             | 
             | I do agree that there is little economic value in most
             | Ph.D. programs.
        
               | Avicebron wrote:
               | From my experience working in biotech I would say
               | certainly a B.S. in a scientific field (like
               | biochemistry, etc.) There is often a hard cap in the
               | career trajectory without a PhD. Often there are enough
               | PhDs out there that moving into management in industry
               | often requires this vs. Stagnating as a lab scientist
               | without a huge upward spike in income/responsibilities.
        
           | runeblaze wrote:
           | Definitely not a satire but the hard truth. Your kid might
           | end up having a strong existential crisis about why pursuing
           | a "science" field ends up with 80k salary jobs when with that
           | effort you could just go to FAANG as a SWE with a much higher
           | salary with a bachelor's degree. If you don't get there as a
           | bachelor's, just go there with a master's.
           | 
           | The "strategy" is to get your kid interested in science
           | enough so that they make a strong resume to a good college
           | and have a strong foundation, then sway them to learn CS and
           | get a SWE job.
        
         | chriskanan wrote:
         | As a scientist, I'd say this claim doesn't hold true for many
         | scientific disciplines. I know scientists working in biopharma
         | earning over $1M per year.
         | 
         | That said, I do think the salary mentioned is accurate as a
         | starting salary in academia for a research faculty position
         | (tenure track starting salary in USA is ~50% higher though),
         | but academia pays much worse than industry. You give up salary
         | for huge amounts of autonomy.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Probability distributions are the difference.
           | 
           | There are people earning $200k, $500k, and $1M+ in many
           | fields.
           | 
           | The probability of getting there (and quality of life while
           | getting there and after you get there), are the important
           | bits of information.
           | 
           | For example, if you have to grind out my whole 20s (some of
           | the best years for the human body) doing dissertations and
           | working 80+ hour weeks for near minimum wage (per hour
           | worked), only for a 10% chance to make it to $200k per year
           | or more, maybe it is not worth it.
           | 
           | Especially if other options exist that provide much higher
           | probabilities of attaining an income you want with similar
           | levels of dedication.
        
             | chriskanan wrote:
             | Unfortunately, in the USA that's true across PhDs and MDs.
             | It requires about 10-15 years post high school to make more
             | than a living wage.
             | 
             | At least for everyone I know, they all ended up with
             | comfortable salaries after finishing their PhDs. Most
             | people spend our best years spending the majority of our
             | time working, and at least for me, scientific research
             | makes it not feel like work. Not everything is about money
             | and a professor can live well in many places on a $90K
             | salary, speaking from past experience.
             | 
             | The biggest cost is probably the impact it has on trying to
             | have a family since one doesn't typically have much salary
             | or time until around age 35 with the typical trajectory.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | Yeah that can be an issue since you basically only have
               | 2-3 years left to have kids if you want them and are a
               | woman.
               | 
               | Also 90k ain't what it used to be. It's probably
               | equivalent to 60k 3-4 years ago.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | While the ROI on MD has gone down quite a bit, it is not
               | as volatile as PhD. The floor for MDs is quite a bit
               | higher, and the path to high income is well defined (less
               | random to achieve it if you go through the steps).
               | 
               | https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2022-compensation-
               | overvie...
        
             | JamesianP wrote:
             | grad school wasn't a grind in my experience. Definitely
             | easier and more fun than a real job, apart from the sparse
             | high-stress deadlines of course. I think that's generally
             | the norm in the US (except in chemistry I hear?)
        
           | jbsimpson wrote:
           | You also have to factor in how terrible post-doc pay and job
           | security is, just to have a shot at getting on the tenure
           | track. In the US it's half of that 80k number in bio
           | research.
        
             | counters wrote:
             | We also need to dispel the myth that tenure track academic
             | roles are the only jobs for scientists. In my field, one
             | can have a wonderful, decently-paying career working in
             | some of the most desirable places in the US if they go the
             | national lab route. There's also a thriving private sector
             | which will just get bigger. This doesn't even factor in the
             | exit ramp careers if, late in the game, a student realizes
             | that "science" isn't quite what they want to do for their
             | 9-5 - e.g., trading in all of those hundreds or thousands
             | of hours grinding data analyses for their Masters/PhD for a
             | career in data science or software engineering.
             | 
             | We should make sure that folks understand a modern career
             | in science may look, from a salary and QoL perspective,
             | quite like a doctor or other professional. High-stress,
             | relatively low-pay, challenging from your late teens to
             | late twenties, then a rapid increase in earning power and
             | opportunity into your early thirties.
        
               | insightcheck wrote:
               | I completely agree, but I think most people who arrive at
               | this perspective only reach this view after spending time
               | in industry or adjacent to people working there.
               | 
               | A lot of the focus on tenure track jobs comes from
               | professors and academics who dedicate their life almost
               | solely in academic environments (so in their view, it's a
               | rather unhealthy attitude of academic tenure or bust).
               | I'm not sure how feasible this is, but perhaps a work-
               | study private sector summer internship could be an
               | encouraged part of certain PhD, to widen perspectives and
               | help both students and professors better understand the
               | possibilities out there, which someone can be motivated
               | to strive for, rather than settle for.
        
               | siver_john wrote:
               | In my time as a PhD student (granted still there
               | currently just at the finishing things up stage) I was
               | actually part of founding an organization for students to
               | basically do this. We invited speakers from different
               | fields and had them talk about "alternative" career paths
               | considering the current system basically assumes you want
               | to become a professor. We also included a workshop every
               | year where we would build in career skills and have
               | professionals come and speak. You learn very quickly that
               | there is an incredible range of activities one can do
               | with a PhD.
        
               | counters wrote:
               | Absolutely. There have always been domains where industry
               | roles have been just as sought after as academic ones -
               | think Computer Science broadly, and all the opportunities
               | one has with a PhD there. Other domains have been slow to
               | catch on to this, but it seems like there has been an
               | inflection point over the past 10 years where we're just
               | so grossly overproducing PhDs in so many domains relative
               | to academic jobs that there is mounting pressure on
               | degree programs to revamp their training/prep for
               | "alternative" career paths.
               | 
               | Myself and colleagues are definitely trying to encourage
               | our alma mater to have more support for externships other
               | opportunities in industry. I think things will continue
               | to change - for the better, for early career scientists -
               | over the next 5-10 years. If only because there is a
               | workforce crisis in my field where skills like AI and
               | software engineering are in extremely high demand, but
               | even 3-4 years ago we actively discouraged PhD students
               | from pursuing this type of work!
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | insightcheck wrote:
           | > "You give up salary for huge amounts of autonomy."
           | 
           | I heard otherwise from a staff scientist at a university in
           | biological sciences, though I'm not sure how representative
           | his view is. He said that non-professors lack research
           | autonomy, and even then, there are limitations of what one
           | can fund due to grants (though I'm not sure how accurate this
           | is, as I used to assume that academic grants generally had
           | fairly flexible conditions for using the funding).
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | This is all accurate. There is flexibility in funding, but
             | if you use your grant money for a completely different
             | project than you proposed, you better hit an absolute home
             | run or you won't get any more grants.
        
           | btrettel wrote:
           | > You give up salary for huge amounts of autonomy.
           | 
           | The "autonomy" is a facade in many instances. Professors have
           | to do what can be funded. For a lot of professors that means
           | doing what's trendy or what panders to moneyed interests
           | rather than what they'd actually like to do and what would be
           | more valuable.
           | 
           | Read chapter 4, titled "Assignable Curiosity", in the book
           | Disciplined Minds for more detail.
           | 
           | https://disciplinedminds.tripod.com/
           | 
           | (Note: There's a lot I disagree with in this book, but I
           | think this particular chapter is accurate.)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | chriskanan wrote:
             | This is true if you need large amounts of resources ($) to
             | achieve your research goals. At least for me, I have not
             | found this to be true.
             | 
             | However, what I was thinking about when I wrote that was
             | that I control my schedule, calendar, research objectives,
             | and have a yearly check in on my performance. In contrast,
             | my experience in industry was VERY different across the
             | board.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | > This is true if you need large amounts of resources ($)
               | to achieve your research goals.
               | 
               | My experience is that the quoted situation is the
               | exception in US academia. Despite paying a pittance,
               | graduate students are expensive enough to make professors
               | dependent on the approval of funders. And that's where
               | the loss of autonomy comes from.
               | 
               | It seems to me that certain parts of academia that are
               | more funded by teaching like pure math may be more immune
               | to this, but STEM broadly seems accurately described by
               | the chapter I recommended.
               | 
               | > However, what I was thinking about when I wrote that
               | was that I control my schedule, calendar, research
               | objectives, and have a yearly check in on my performance.
               | In contrast, my experience in industry was VERY different
               | across the board.
               | 
               | I agree with what you said, aside from that I don't think
               | you have full autonomy over your research objectives. If
               | you think you control your own research objectives, I
               | recommend reading the chapter I mentioned. As far as I
               | can tell, your interests are well aligned with what's
               | supported. I looked you up, and was not surprised to see
               | that you work in deep learning, one of the most supported
               | and hyped fields around today. People (like myself) whose
               | interests aren't aligned with what's supported often find
               | academia to be quite hostile. The _relative_ research
               | autonomy you feel is real, but if you decide to move
               | outside of deep learning, you may no longer find the same
               | sense of research autonomy.
        
         | Forge36 wrote:
         | This is a pretty techy group. Out of curiosity what do you do
         | and what was your major?
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | The correct answer for solving the wrong problem
        
         | flybrand wrote:
         | What's the right problem?
        
       | O__________O wrote:
       | Related paper:
       | 
       | https://www.princeton.edu/~sjleslie/Subtle%20Linguistic%20Cu...
        
       | black_13 wrote:
        
       | potatototoo99 wrote:
       | We shouldn't push kids into science if that's not their interest
       | in the first place - just saying it since apparently some people
       | need to hear it.
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/M7JzV
        
       | toddm wrote:
       | My parents were both elementary school teachers. I was born in
       | 1969.
       | 
       | My dad had a 40-year career teaching science to 4th, 5th, and 6th
       | graders. Think model rockets, aquariums, microscopes, chemistry
       | sets, rock collections, and all the wide-eyed kids being exposed
       | to that (myself included).
       | 
       | We'd play a card game called Space Race, and I had a really cool
       | model of the spaceship from Space: 1999. It was all quite
       | wonderful. My dad would bring home copies of Popular Science and
       | Popular Mechanics from the school library at lunch (yes, we
       | walked/rode our bikes to and from school and went home for lunch
       | back then).
       | 
       | The chemistry sets were insanely cool and dangerous at the same
       | time, and my dad would bring home vials of poorly-labeled powders
       | for me to experiment with. I made gunpowder. I blew fuses in the
       | basement by shorting a cobalt chloride-soaked cork in an
       | electrical outlet (I don't know why I did that). Phenolphthalein
       | came with my kit, as did an alcohol burner. At least half the
       | stuff was carcinogenic. Needless to say, gloves and safety
       | glasses were not in use in the basement :)
       | 
       | I was exposed to that at home, and I wanted nothing more than to
       | be a chemistry professor from a very young age when I learned
       | about the degrees and higher education.
       | 
       | So I earned an M.A. in geology and a Ph.D. in chemistry and was
       | briefly a professor. The research years in academia leading up to
       | that point were certainly the highlight of my working years. I
       | published. I worked for and with brilliant people. I played with
       | high explosives (Master's work) like HMX, RDX, and TNT. I had
       | access to great facilities and instrumentation. I worked on a
       | Cray Y-MP and every system that came along.
       | 
       | Anyway, just a walk down memory lane and a nod to the title of
       | the post/article. I certainly had a predilection for science, but
       | being thrown into it certainly pushed me in that direction.
       | 
       | Thanks dad (and mom, who tolerated this)!
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | What do you do now?
        
           | toddm wrote:
           | I'm trying to get back into my chosen field, specifically in
           | computational chemistry and drug design. It's rough sledding
           | as they say, since I am an older candidate who is hardly up
           | to speed on where things are now vs. circa 2005.
           | 
           | For the past 18 years - since I left academia - I've been
           | bouncing around as a "data scientist," working in many fields
           | but not what I really want to do and/or am actually good at
           | doing.
        
             | JamesianP wrote:
             | In my experience it's almost always the case with industry
             | that you end up in some adjacent niche that isn't quite
             | exactly what you want to do, even if you never leave the
             | field of your schooling. By that I mean it may be a lot
             | easier to get into computational chemistry for something
             | other than drug design.
             | 
             | It's a weird time now with software eating everything and
             | many science jobs asking for PhD in <our science branch> or
             | Computer Science (!) as requirements. So I'd assume there's
             | some angle in which your experience provides an advantage.
        
               | toddm wrote:
               | @JamesianP - You're exactly right about the heady
               | requirement lift. And there are plenty of widely-defined
               | computational chemistry jobs, especially when you throw
               | in the bio- prefix.
               | 
               | As for the adjacent niche bit, right again as you are
               | about experience. My time as a so-called "data scientist"
               | was never really the best fit, and I could never compete
               | with the folks who do Kaggle competitions and have a real
               | passion for AI/ML (which, to me, is one of the defining
               | points of "data science" today).
               | 
               | However, I've logged a lot of time over the past 30+
               | years in front of the terminal, so fingers crossed!
        
             | deskamess wrote:
             | What are the requirements (degree, etc) for computational
             | chemistry and drug design? I have a young one who is
             | looking at medicine in general.
        
               | toddm wrote:
               | @deskamess - I believe a Master's is the minimum buy-in,
               | and Ph.D. is preferred. My Ph.D. area is quite narrowly
               | in theoretical chemical physics, but was all heavy
               | computation and focused on quantum and classical
               | dynamics.
               | 
               | The areas of study are going to be computational
               | chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, cheminformatics, or
               | something closely related to those. Whether you work in a
               | lab or in front of a computer depends on what you study
               | and whose lab you study it in. You can't go wrong with a
               | Ph.D. from UCSF, I can tell you that (I was a postdoc
               | there), so browse the faculty pages.
               | 
               | Have a look at some of the open positions at, say,
               | Roche/Genentech. There are some great open source
               | resources and some industry-dominant ones with which
               | you'll be expected to have some experience in
               | (Schrodinger's software is one of them). Domain
               | knowledge, of course. QSAR/ADME and similar acronyms.
               | Docking, free energy perturbation, bioinformatics.
               | Python/R/SQL.
               | 
               | AI/ML is of course hot in pharma but not necessarily
               | useful for all situations - I happen to not be much of an
               | AI/ML guy and won't be penalized for that, which I cannot
               | say about almost every job I've had or applied for.
               | 
               | What got my foot in the door with drug design was
               | postdoctoral work on molecular dynamics simulations of
               | large systems that are physiologically relevant - motor
               | proteins - and I was teamed-up with experimentalists who
               | were studying the same systems.
               | 
               | More than happy to share more, my contact info is in my
               | profile.
        
             | anpat wrote:
             | Not exactly same fields but folks over at
             | https://citrine.io might interest you given your interest +
             | background.
        
               | toddm wrote:
               | @anpat - Thank you for that, looks interesting!
        
       | dislikedtom2 wrote:
       | I remember being interested in sciences as a kid, but every time
       | I asked for a chemistry kit or anything practical, I just got
       | books and documentaries. Don't be those parents.
        
         | eimrine wrote:
         | > but every time I asked for a chemistry kit or anything
         | practical, I just got books and documentaries.
         | 
         | In my first day at school and at school library I have asked
         | some books about physics or chemistry. My ask was refused and
         | all books I was allowed to take were fiction books for
         | children.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | Different strokes I guess? I was always much more into the
         | books and was put off by having to experiment. (Then I did go
         | on to study theoretical physics ...)
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | For sure. I switched from E.E. into Math/CS partly because no
           | lab experiments that you can't get to "work." It's all in
           | your brain.
           | 
           | I chalk that up to immaturity. Or maybe the way labs were run
           | back then; not sure.
        
         | flybrand wrote:
         | Which chemistry kit do you wish you'd received?
        
       | retrac wrote:
       | I remember my first "real" science experiment in school. We
       | determined the saturation point of salt in water depending on
       | temperature. Our teacher somehow managed to get us into a spirit
       | where it was as if we were the first people to attempt to measure
       | this. Nature would reveal its secrets to us!
       | 
       | It was just about the perfect experiment for 11 year olds,
       | probably. We could understand what we were trying to find out and
       | it seemed something that might actually be worth knowing! At the
       | end of the class, would our measurements correspond with the
       | figures in the book? If not, why might they not? And the Bunsen
       | burner gets to come out, too! Very exciting. I think it might
       | have been the first time I realized, oh, I could actually
       | determine this myself, if I had to, using a scientific approach.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | > As many other studies have shown, when children hear
       | descriptions of categories, whether "apples are red" or
       | "scientists are smart," they infer that members of those
       | categories have special, exclusive characteristics.
       | 
       | My friend in college had a mannerism that when he was about to
       | give up on understanding something he was saying "it's for smart
       | people to figure out". It always elicited visceral reaction from
       | me "No, eff that. We are the smart people. We can figure this
       | out."
       | 
       | I guess our upbringing was somewhat different.
        
         | granshaw wrote:
         | This is so common in the current anti-intellectual American
         | mindset... other forms it takes:                 - I wouldn't
         | know, X person is way smarter than me       - (Try to discuss
         | how something might work...) This was made by really smart
         | people, I'll leave it to them!       - (learns you're doing an
         | Engineering degree) Wow, you must be really smart!       - The
         | "for science!!" trope
        
           | onos wrote:
           | That sounds more like "avoidance of personal engagement in
           | intellectual pursuit" rather than anti-intellectual - if
           | anything these suggest complete deference to supposed
           | experts.
        
           | hahaxdxd123 wrote:
           | Interesting. My impression of American anti-intellectualism
           | is that it more often takes the opposite form:
           | 
           | "X person is by all measures more educated than me on this
           | topic, but I did own research! (on Youtube and Facebook)"
        
             | JamesianP wrote:
             | I'd say it's a suspicion of the values and political
             | agendas/biases of intellectuals as a social class.
             | 
             | I know professionals living in other countries who believe
             | every silly conspiracy theory they see on youtube too. That
             | part is a universal problem.
        
             | granshaw wrote:
             | That's a separate, more recent problem IMO. Mistrust of
             | experts and lazy self-affirmation
        
       | Metacelsus wrote:
       | I'm very glad for my parents for getting me an actually good home
       | chemistry set and then letting me experiment with it.
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | For birthdays and Christmas were you always asking for
         | chemicals from the "Things I Won't Work With" list?
         | 
         | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-wor...
         | 
         | https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/things-i-won-t-wor...
        
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