[HN Gopher] Mathics: A free, open-source alternative to Mathematica
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       Mathics: A free, open-source alternative to Mathematica
        
       Author : memorable
       Score  : 475 points
       Date   : 2022-11-05 03:59 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mathics.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mathics.org)
        
       | okasaki wrote:
       | This seems to be powered mostly by Python libraries, but they
       | made a custom language that looks like Mathematica. Why not just
       | use Python?
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | Surprisingly, it seems to have survived over a year without being
       | taken offline by baseless DMCA threats.
        
         | greenyoda wrote:
         | It seems to have been around much longer than that. It was
         | first posted to HN ten years ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4066826
        
       | msteffen wrote:
       | Is this in any way related to https://www.sagemath.org/?
        
         | gcanyon wrote:
         | The announcement years back suggested it supported sage at
         | least https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4066826
        
         | el_sinchi wrote:
         | unlikely, they seem to be separate efforts
        
       | friend_and_foe wrote:
       | Here's a great one for Android as well.
       | 
       | https://github.com/mkulesh/microMathematics
       | 
       | These guys should collaborate.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | Thank you for this. It is not comparable to the program in the
         | OP, but it seems a terrific Android app nonetheless. And it's
         | available on Fdroid too.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Mathics - A free, light-weight alternative to Mathematica_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19851934 - May 2019 (83
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Mathics: A free, light-weight alternative to Mathematica_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11459186 - April 2016 (73
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Mathics - A free, light-weight alternative to Mathematica_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5196551 - Feb 2013 (86
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Mathics - A free, light-weight alternative to Mathematica with
       | support for Sage_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4066826
       | - June 2012 (57 comments)
        
       | TheRealPomax wrote:
       | Every time someone makes a "free mathematica", my first question
       | is "can I write, and see, maths as actual maths instead of as
       | programming statement?" and every time so far the answer has been
       | "no". So... can I write, and see, maths as actual maths?
        
         | loa_in_ wrote:
         | A simplistic but nice application for Android I found looking
         | for this after reading parent's comment.
         | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=us.mathlab.and...
         | (Adware/Non-free/closed source)
        
         | sterlind wrote:
         | in Mathematica at least, you can use TraditionalForm to format
         | your equations like maths. and what's more, you can edit things
         | in that form without dropping out of it. you can also make
         | palettes for commonly used symbols and such. it's not a magic
         | blackboard, but with the symbolic nature of Mathematica and the
         | rendering, it's kinda close.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Indeed, so does this have that?
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | What is "actual maths?"
        
         | Ciantic wrote:
         | Desmos has open source library called MathQuill, which converts
         | typed chars to mathematical representation similar to
         | Mathematica. Sure there is some "programming statements" with
         | some (La)TeX like syntax there, but so does Mathematica too.
         | 
         | [1]: http://mathquill.com/
        
         | navane wrote:
         | The industry standard (in my industry) software to do that is
         | MathCad, of which version 15 is the peak release. Although not
         | maintained anymore, it is still used a lot today. Because it is
         | not maintained anymore, it doesn't change and has been the same
         | for the past ~15 years.
         | 
         | A free, still maintained, alternative of that is
         | smathhttps://en.smath.com/view/SMathStudio/summary, which also
         | has a cloud option.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Wait, Mathcad is unmaintained? What happened?
        
             | theFco wrote:
             | It became Mathcad Prime that is still maintained and had a
             | release this year.
        
           | data_maan wrote:
           | Which is your industry, if you don't mind me asking?
        
             | navane wrote:
             | Civil engineering
        
           | benhurmarcel wrote:
           | In that space, https://blockpad.net/ is interesting also
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | Oh, I miss MathCad, I wish we had a decent FOSS clone.
        
             | tikej wrote:
             | I find Julia's Pluto to be reasonably close alternative.
             | 
             | Of course it lacks many features, but plugins systems and
             | overall architecture gives hope for possible extension to
             | include many of the desired features.
        
         | hmottestad wrote:
         | I agree. Mathematica and Wolfram Alpha are amazing because of
         | how close they get to maths as it is taught in school, uni and
         | through books.
         | 
         | There are many other ways of working with maths. Graphing
         | calculators are very common, and some models even have proper
         | algebra support. There are also the likes of Matlab, R, Python
         | + numpy, and obviously the addition of Jupyter notebooks.
         | 
         | "Mathematica(r)-compatible syntax and functions" seems to be
         | the main selling point of Mathics. I presume that this means
         | that I can copy-paste Mathematica examples I find online or
         | that are shared with my by someone else.
        
         | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
         | > So... can I write, and see, maths as actual maths?
         | 
         | Sorry to be nitpicking, but it seems you conflate "actual
         | maths" with "maths notation we're accustomed to (since the 19
         | century)".
         | 
         | As to what "actual maths" really is, it's an extremely
         | interesting question that belongs to the philosophy of
         | mathematics (mostly).
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | That's not a conflation, that is using the word "actual"
           | correctly.
           | 
           | Amusingly, the one thing that the word "actual" does _not_
           | permit is leading the conversation to that  "extremely
           | interesting question": the word "actual" forces an
           | interlocutor to consider only those contexts in which the
           | thing in question is a real, existing thing. "Actual" is a
           | no-hypotheticals-or-philosophical-ponderings zone =)
           | 
           | In this case, that real thing would be modern maths
           | notations. So this is kind of artificial nitpicking: English
           | is not a zero-context language, you are still required and
           | expected to understand the context words are used in based on
           | understanding that they wouldn't make a lot of sense in other
           | -even related- contexts.
           | 
           | Of course, if I'd been glib and said this:
           | 
           | > So... can I write, and see, maths?
           | 
           | Then the insinuation that maths and programming are mutually
           | exclusive concepts should definitely lead to a philosophical
           | discussion.
        
           | aflag wrote:
           | That's indeed a bit of a nitpick. If you're working with
           | maths, going back to your notes and reading them is really
           | important. If your notes look like Sum(k,math.inf, (math.pi
           | _pow(sqrt(x),k))_...)), it 's really not great. So, while
           | you're correct that it's just notation, the issue remains
           | that it's much harder to read maths in ascii.
        
         | davnn wrote:
         | I understand the wish, and Mathematica does a pretty great job
         | of making the mathematical notation less ambiguous, but I'm
         | surprised that this would be your highest priority. Do you
         | actually enjoy _writing_ in math notation?
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Who said it was my highest priority? Obviously having a
           | solver is the highest priority, but it turns out that if you
           | purport to have made a mathematica competitor, that was the
           | baseline. If you don't have that, you have nothing. So the
           | question is never "can it do what it needs to", it's always
           | "can it do the things which keep me using Mathematica,
           | instead of Sage, like letting me compose notebooks that
           | contain, and show, actual maths?"
           | 
           | And yes, I enjoy writing in math notation because it's an
           | immediately understandable notation compared to 500 character
           | programming statement.
        
           | dagw wrote:
           | In many cases yes. Especially non-programmers really like
           | that the equation they type into their software looks exactly
           | the the equation in the paper they are copying it from.
        
           | laingc wrote:
           | If you're a working mathematician, it's the only way you
           | think.
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | If you are the X then you must do/be Y is called
             | gatekeeping.
             | 
             | And of course this is not true.
             | 
             | I know mathematicians who work almost exclusively on a
             | computer, and others who have an old dusty computer from 20
             | years ago in the corner of their office that they barely
             | touch. Most are somewhere in between.
        
               | qubex wrote:
               | Mathematics is one of the oldest disciplines in the
               | world. Grumbling about the legacy of its ancient history
               | as 'gatekeeping' is puerile.
        
               | Beldin wrote:
               | This started worth talking about notation. Notation of
               | mathematics has changed significantly over time -
               | Newton's Principae is not readable without accounting for
               | changes. In the history of maths, that is a fairly recent
               | work.
        
               | qubex wrote:
               | I actually agree with your premise: mathematics and it's
               | notations (plural) are ancient. The current notations are
               | those that were found to be most convenient by centuries
               | of practice by expert practitioners.
        
               | tikej wrote:
               | This is of course very true but doesn't take into account
               | invention of computer that is relatively recent.
               | 
               | Since it in principle never makes mistakes (in practice
               | there are of course bugs, but they are usually different
               | in nature than human errors) it changes what is possible
               | and most convenient. You no longer have to optimise for
               | simplicity as heavily for example. On the other hand
               | computers basically can't deal with ambiguity, so the
               | rules and statements have to be stated very simply and
               | clearly.
               | 
               | EDIT: One example that comes to mind are indexes in
               | functions. Usually they are just additional arguments
               | that are different somehow from the "main" arguments, for
               | example often being non-negative integers. For humans it
               | makes it easier to think and operate about indices
               | separately from the rest of arguments. But for the
               | computer it's all the same, as all arguments are treated
               | just as argument, (of course it depends on the
               | implementation etc) and there is no need to treat them
               | separately, since every argument is "special".
               | 
               | I believe computers can change the landscape of what's
               | best notation. This is an interesting, interdisciplinary
               | topic to explore.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | I think APL was originally created as a fix to this
               | problem. A completely revamped math notation to make it
               | more fit to computers as a medium, instead of pen and
               | paper.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | If it was created thus then it could hardly be considered
               | successful. To all but the dedicated and obsessive
               | cognoscenti APL is nothing but gobbledygook.
        
               | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
               | > If you are the X then you must do/be Y is called
               | gatekeeping.
               | 
               | Let's be precise here: the parent hasn't used "must"
               | here, just stated their observation. It's possible that
               | many if not most mathematicians work this way, but it's
               | not definitely the only one, and it doesn't mean it can't
               | be changed. Actually, there is a lot of work being done
               | on theorem provers, for example.
        
               | traverseda wrote:
               | If you are a python programmer you must program in
               | python.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | Yes. I'm sorry but how is this not obvious? Do you enjoy
           | hand-writing code on paper?
           | 
           | The natural medium for math is on whiteboards and paper. A
           | computer algebra system like Mathematica is useful, but it
           | augments what is traditionally a paper-and-pencil activity.
           | It makes sense that the standard notation for math is
           | something that is amenable to physical tools.
           | 
           | And it makes sense that the computer tools to assist
           | mathematicians should more closely match this standard
           | notation.
        
         | soegaard wrote:
         | > my first question is "can I write, and see, maths as actual
         | maths instead of as programming statement?"
         | 
         | What would that look like?
         | 
         | Do you have a hypothetical example?
        
           | dagw wrote:
           | I suspect they mean they want something like this:
           | https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ymrym.png
           | 
           | As opposed to something like                 def f(x,k) =
           | Sum(k,math.inf,
           | (math.pi*pow(sqrt(x),k))*sin(2*theta*(sqrt(...
        
             | krsrhe wrote:
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | Reading these replies, it's surprising to me how many people
         | think that constraining writing a linear sequence of fixed
         | characters is somehow natural as opposed to a simplification
         | made for cost and technical reasons by Gutenberg, typewriters,
         | keyboards, and ASCII.
         | 
         | Writing is more than this. Writers can arrange characters in 2d
         | space to convey semantic relationships in equations or among
         | words. You can have multiple degrees of emphasis and italics.
         | You can get a sense of which parts of the equation or prose
         | were written quickly and which were written slowly and
         | carefully. Often it conveys a bit of personality. You can even
         | include small drawings or sketches embedded within the text
         | like Gallelo's illustration of Saturn's rings.
         | 
         | I get that we have to strip out this kind of nuance for
         | technical reasons, but claiming that writing ought to be
         | constrained to only what can be represented in plain text feels
         | like claiming that painting should be constrained to only what
         | can be represented in a bitmap.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | I strongly agree that representing multidimensional
           | structures with one dimensional strings is suboptimal.
           | 
           | On the computing side I see this as an editor problem. It's
           | not hard to conceptualize some multidimensional editor, but
           | evidently it is hard to build one that will overtake the
           | traditional text editors and their not particularly more
           | advanced IDE cousins.
           | 
           | The closest such thing I've personally used was HyperCard. I
           | think that for real progress in this area we'll have to
           | abandon the desire to keep editor and language separated.
        
           | traverseda wrote:
           | I have adhd, and personally I find it a lot easier to follow
           | through "math" when it's step by step. When I can say "first
           | this happens, than this". I'm sure part of it is a don't have
           | a great toolbox to break problems down, but personally what
           | you're describing sounds horrible. Like trying to read a book
           | out of order.
        
         | larryliu wrote:
         | what about recognizing handwritten math?
         | https://mathpix.com/handwriting-recognition
        
         | lokedhs wrote:
         | I'm not sure you'd want to write maths that way. Every WYSIWYG
         | equation editor I've used are very annoying to work with.
         | 
         | Displaying equations is a different thing and it's supported by
         | many tools. Maxima for example has wxMaxima:
         | https://sourceforge.net/projects/wxmaxima/
         | 
         | I've also been working on a different UI for Maxima:
         | https://peertube.functional.cafe/w/qnx1onPEx9LCtDP3wFqjWz
        
           | blablabla123 wrote:
           | Also the actual value of Mathematica or Maple seems to me how
           | good solvers are. E.g. when it comes to Integrals or just
           | solving a non-linear equation. Also most common tasks work
           | good enough. A good/fast UI is also important (like for
           | Maxima, although I miss modern convenience a bit)
        
           | isitmadeofglass wrote:
           | > I'm not sure you'd want to write maths that way. Every
           | WYSIWYG equation editor I've used are very annoying to work
           | with.
           | 
           | Try Marhematica and you'd change your mind. Yes every other
           | tool does it poorly, but Mathematica does it right. It's
           | fantastic and you miss it everywhere else when you have to
           | leave the Mathematica eco system.
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | I'd guess the end state is: tablet, stylus and convert
           | scrawls into print-worthy output. Many pitfalls along the way
           | I'm sure but nothing will beat just drawing what you mean.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Surprised nobody has made an app that lets you photograph/cut
           | & paste formulae from books or web pages, or just write with
           | a stylus. It's the layout with keyboard and mouse that's the
           | stumbling block. There's lots of good options for symbolic
           | logic, numeric analysis etc.
        
             | dagw wrote:
             | There have been lots of apps that have tried to convert
             | hand written math on a tablet. I've personally tried at
             | least 4 or 5 over the last decade or so. None of the really
             | manage to pull it off successfully for anything beyond the
             | most trivial examples.
        
             | munch117 wrote:
             | You underestimate how hard the problem is. Things that in
             | other fields would be minor typographical differences are
             | often semantically meaningful in traditional math notation.
             | Formula OCR would need to distinguish chi from x, lowercase
             | delta from o with an overbar, a dot-product dot from a dot
             | intended as multiplication, parentheses from brackets, v
             | from the or sign. It needs to be able to determine whether
             | your fraction "a / b / c" (by / I mean horizontal lines)
             | was intended as "a / (b / c)" or "(a / b) / c" from the
             | size of your letters, or from the relative widths of the
             | fraction lines.
             | 
             | Of course, anything a human can do, ML can learn to do
             | eventually. Which invites the question: is reading
             | arbitrary hand-written math actually something any human
             | can do?
        
               | shashasha2 wrote:
               | Microsoft Math Solver does a good job at scanning hand
               | drawn equations. Graph and solve simple polynoms
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | It seems to me that few would underestimate how hard the
               | problem is as the difficulty would be obvious to those
               | who develop such software.
               | 
               | There are at least two issues here, the first is that
               | there isn't any agreed typographical standard that would
               | make OCR more reliable, and second, there's no consistent
               | or uniform way OCR algorithms are applied. To use your
               | example, the OCR software ought to be able to recognize
               | 'a dot-product dot from a dot intended as multiplication'
               | from its useage context, and where ambiguities or doubts
               | exist the item or aspect of the converted text should be
               | flagged and dropped into an editor that would provide
               | easy access to a choice of selectable options to choose
               | from.
               | 
               | In the absence of accurate AI/ML, having ready access to
               | a flexible mathematically-aware editor so as humans can
               | easily make corrections seems an absolute necessity
               | (especially so when OCRed text originates from source
               | material that has not been typeset with OCR in mind).
               | 
               | It seems odd that mathematicians and programmers haven't
               | yet agreed on standards and protocols around the OCR of
               | mathematical formulae given that the problem has been
               | with us since the outset OCR.
        
             | crispyambulance wrote:
             | > Surprised nobody has made an app that lets you
             | photograph/cut & paste formulae from books or web pages, or
             | just write with a stylus...
             | 
             | https://mathpix.com/
             | 
             | I can't vouch for it, but it seems to be trying to do that.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | Mathematica had a really nice way of entering equations, once
           | you learned the shortcuts. It's so much nicer to see
           | fractions, matrices and integrals in proper notation, rather
           | than an endless sea of parenthesis.
           | 
           | Eg. when you enter a rotation matrix, it's obvious when you
           | make a mistake when you use the graphical editor in
           | Mathematica. It takes a lot more effort to check if
           | ((1,0,0),(0, sin(2 _pi_ t),cos(2 _pi_ t)),(0, cos(2 _pi_
           | t),-sin(2 _pi_ t))) is correct.
        
             | smithmayowa wrote:
             | This, so much this, writting nested equations are hell in
             | python and other mathematica alternatives but they are so
             | easy in mathematica.
        
               | The_suffocated wrote:
               | What is a nested equation?
        
               | isitmadeofglass wrote:
               | Nesting is the concept of having a thing under another
               | thing. 1+2 will be referred to as a mathematical equation
               | and 1+((((a-b)/3+2/87)-6) _23) will be referred to as a
               | nested equation. Of cause this is rather lose semantics
               | since both are expressions or statements and not
               | equations, but that's how the language is typically used.
               | 
               | This is what that looks like in wolfram alpha: https://ww
               | w.wolframalpha.com/input?i=1%2B%28%28%28%28a-b%29%... It
               | looks the same in Mathematica while your typing it in,
               | which makes I extremely easy to work with, because even
               | very complex equations look exactly like usual in
               | Mathematica instead of ending up looking like lisp
               | implementation of the Fibonacci sequence._
        
               | MikePlacid wrote:
               | > looking like lisp implementation of the Fibonacci
               | sequence.
               | 
               | I wonder if Lisp can benefit from a similar 2d
               | visualization sugar.
        
               | pmayrgundter wrote:
               | Yeah, the nesting Viz shouldn't be too hard. Just nested
               | divs in HTML really.
               | 
               | And super/sub scripts are in HTML as well.
               | 
               | Unicode is doing all the symbols these days
               | 
               | Param placement like n=0 under a summation, etc are a
               | little more idiosyncratic
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Cool: the fact that I'm asking suggests I do, though. And I
           | _absolutely_ want to see the _results_ in maths, not in
           | programming notation. If I 'm solving a complicated bit of
           | maths, I want to see the result _and_ intermediary steps as
           | maths, not as programming code.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | I sometimes use wxMaxima. For my needs it works perfectly
           | fine. Nice to know there are people working on the interface,
           | because you definitely need to know quite a bit about
           | different functions with similar tasks.
           | 
           | Would you know how Mathics compares to Maxima? Mathics'
           | information is pretty sparse.
        
       | erremerre wrote:
       | I always find the same problem with all Mathematica clones
       | (Mathics, Sage, wxMaxima).
       | 
       | Do they offer a .exe that I can install, then click on a button
       | and start a program without any tinkering. Mathics and Sage no.
       | wxMaxima yes. Although I always had the feeling that wxMaxima is
       | more an alternative to Derive than Mathematica at this point.
       | 
       | Mathematica works because it is easy to deal with, no installing
       | packages, libraries, libraries incompatible with others. You have
       | Mathematica 9, you got all that Mathematica 9 supports. You send
       | a notebook to someone else, they can execute the notebook if
       | their mathematica version is equal or larger.
       | 
       | It is like saying that Latex is an alternative to word. No, they
       | both make documents, but one is not an alternative to the other
       | one.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | l0b0 wrote:
       | Is there a reasonably neutral comparison of Mathics vs
       | Mathematica anywhere?
       | 
       | Based on an amazing showcase[1] Mathematica is right at the top
       | of my list of languages to learn if it (and at least some of the
       | surrounding tooling) ever becomes open source. I wonder how many
       | of those examples would give useful results in Mathics, or what
       | their equivalents would be.
       | 
       | [1] https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/44683/9570
        
         | techdragon wrote:
         | As much as I admire the power behind the "wolfram language",
         | it's just never going to be open sourced, never going to really
         | be available for a hobbyist to learn, never viable for a
         | startup to build their entire data analysis core value on top
         | of, its just never going to happen... Stephen Wolfram would die
         | before he gave up control, the entire thing is his precious
         | child. His track record at Wolfram Research is well
         | established.
         | 
         | Mathematica could be so much more, but basically until Stephen
         | dies, it will remain an academic mathematical tool. It's a
         | complete coin flip as to when he dies the company will collapse
         | or thrive, but it's just so far away from anything they have
         | plans for at the moment that it's just impossible to guess.
        
           | kccqzy wrote:
           | The Home version is surprisingly cheap. I became so reliant
           | on Mathematica from my student days that I just have to buy
           | the Home version after graduation.
        
           | q-big wrote:
           | > never going to really be available for a hobbyist to learn
           | 
           | That's not true: here is the pricing for the Home and Hobby
           | licenses:
           | 
           | > https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/pricing/home-hobby/
           | 
           | These prices are not cheap, but affordable if you are serious
           | about your hobby.
        
           | Syzygies wrote:
           | > Stephen Wolfram would die before he gave up control, the
           | entire thing is his precious child.
           | 
           | I understand that Wolfram made unrealistic agreements with
           | the original programmers, incompatible with growing a large
           | organization to support his evolving vision for Mathematica.
           | Rather than renegotiating, he attempted a maneuver that did
           | not survive a court challenge. The original programmers are
           | now rich.
           | 
           | I cannot find any account of this on the web. There's an
           | unrelated "Fields medalist car accident" that I again know
           | from first-hand accounts, that also has no trace on the web.
           | Huh.
        
             | radford-neal wrote:
             | Interesting. I do recall that quite a few years ago I
             | happened to talk with one of the original programmers (I
             | won't say their name here, though I remember it), who
             | complained that Wolfram had basically stolen from them.
             | That must have been before the court victory.
             | 
             | So if anyone's wondering, this post does seem to be based
             | on something, even if it's not easily verifiable.
        
               | Syzygies wrote:
               | Yes, surely they would have told you had they lost.
               | Instead, silence and a change in spending habits.
               | 
               | I don't know here that "not easily verifiable" is
               | deliberate, but it could be.
               | 
               | In the case of the Fields Medalist, one can read in major
               | publications that they engaged a PR firm. Those articles
               | don't specifically spell out sanitizing the web. If one
               | already knows every detail of the event in question (in
               | my case, confirmation includes overhearing him express
               | concerns about a wrongful death lawsuit), an internet
               | search finds many accounts relaying a cover story, and a
               | single forum comment that correctly describes the event.
               | That comment was apparently beyond the PR firm's reach.
        
               | elefanten wrote:
               | What about web archiving services? Do these sanitizing PR
               | maneuvers take those down as well? That'd be an alarming
               | revelation to me.
        
               | rnk wrote:
               | So who is the fields medalist? Interestingly a Google
               | search didn't find that. I'm guessing they were somehow
               | at fault or were drinking. I'm sure if I ever had a car
               | accident where I hurt someone or I was drunk or
               | something, I'd be ashamed, horrified and probably not
               | want anyone to know. But because I'm a nobody, nobody
               | would care. If I was the greatest engineer ever it might
               | be on everything written about me in the future, which
               | would be really horrible in a way. But if this person did
               | something dangerous it shouldn't necessarily remain a
               | secret. The problem with these things is powerful people
               | can block discussion of them by threatening lawsuits.
        
           | imglorp wrote:
           | > hobbyist
           | 
           | At least there's a minimized version in Raspbian. It ran fine
           | on an old B model, snappy enough to play around.
           | 
           | https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | > it's just never going to be open sourced
           | 
           | Mathematica is a prime, tender and juicy target for modern
           | reverse engineering tools.
        
         | c7b wrote:
         | The thing about Mathematica / the Wolfram language is that it's
         | quite a bit harder to create an open source interpreter than it
         | was for eg R (which is actually a FOSS interpteter for the
         | commercial package S) or for Matlab (not sure what the status
         | of Octave, the FOSS interpeter for Matlab code, is, I read an
         | entry on a mailing list a long time ago that its sole dev was
         | giving up). A lot of the symbolic solvers that are used under
         | the hood are Wolfram's IP, and it would be a monumental effort
         | to recreate something similarly powerful from scratch.
        
           | psychphysic wrote:
           | You've heard of SageMath right?
           | 
           | The biggest thing missing from SageMath is a step by step
           | solver. (Edit to add a caveat, I'm sure many professionals
           | depend on minutiae of one or the other)
           | 
           | Feature-wise I'd say Sage has more Mathematica functionality
           | than Octave does for MATLAB. Sage is not trying to be
           | compatible however presumably it wouldn't be that hard if the
           | functionality is there?
           | 
           | Sage is a bit of a Frankenstein though
        
             | westurner wrote:
             | SageMath (and the cocalc-docker image, and JupyterLite, and
             | mambaforge, ) include SymPy; which can be called with
             | `evaluate=False`
             | 
             | Advanced Expression Manipulation > Prevent expression
             | evaluation: https://docs.sympy.org/latest/tutorials/intro-
             | tutorial/manip...
             | 
             | > _There are generally two ways to prevent the evaluation,
             | either pass an evaluate=False parameter while constructing
             | the expression, or create an evaluation stopper by wrapping
             | the expression with UnevaluatedExpr._
             | 
             | From "disabling automatic simplification in sympy"
             | https://stackoverflow.com/a/48847102 :
             | 
             | > _A simpler way to disable automatic evaluation is to use
             | context manager evaluate. For example,_
             | from sympy.core.evaluate import evaluate       from
             | sympy.abc import x,y,z       with evaluate(False):
             | print(x/x)
             | 
             | sage.symbolic.expression.Expression.unhold() and
             | `hold=True`: https://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/reference/cal
             | culus/sage/sym...
             | 
             | IIRC there is a Wolfram Jupyter kernel?
             | 
             | WolframResearch/WolframLanguageForJupyter: https://github.c
             | om/WolframResearch/WolframLanguageForJupyter
             | 
             | mathics/IMathics is the Jupyter kernel for mathics:
             | https://github.com/mathics/IMathics@main#egg=imathics
             | #pip install jupyter_console imathics       #conda install
             | -c conda-forge -y jupyter_console jupyterlab       mamba
             | install -y jupyter_console jupyterlab       jupyter console
             | jupyter kernelspec list       pip install -e
             | git+https://github.com/mathics/imathics@main#egg=mathics
             | jupyter console --kernel=              %?       %logstart?
             | %logstart -o demo.log.py
             | 
             | There are Jupyter kernels for Python, Mathics, Wolfram, R,
             | Octave, Matlab, xeus-cling, allthekernels (the polyglot
             | kernel). https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter/wiki/Jupyter-
             | kernels https://github.com/ml-tooling/best-of-
             | jupyter#jupyter-kernel...
             | 
             | The Python Jupyter kernel checks
             | IPython.display.display()'d objects for methods in order to
             | represent an object in a command line shell, graphical
             | shell (qtconsole), notebook (.ipynb), or a latex document:
             | _repr_mimebundle_(), _repr_html_(), _repr_json_(),
             | _repr_latex_(), ..., __repr__(), __str__()
             | 
             | The last expression in an input cell of a notebook is
             | implictly displayed:                 from IPython.display
             | import display       %display?  # argspec, docstring
             | %display?? # ' & source code
             | display(last_expresssion)
             | 
             | Symbolic CAS mobile apps with tabling and charting and
             | varying levels of support for complex numbers and
             | quaternions, for example: Wolfram Mathematica, Desmos,
             | Geogebra, JupyterLite, Jupyter on mobile
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | > not sure what the status of Octave
           | 
           | I'm glad that Octave and Scilab exist, but I switched to
           | NumPy and never looked back.
        
           | onos wrote:
           | A virtue of it being private is that they have many paid
           | people responsible for maintaining the software. I once wrote
           | to them about a special function returning incorrect values
           | and they had it fixed the next day.
           | 
           | I consider Mathematica a true gift to humanity.
        
             | david38 wrote:
             | I used to work for them. This was a common occurrence. Not
             | the errors, but the taking of errors very seriously.
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | I doubt it, probably also because the price tag is so far away
         | from cheap/for free if you cannot go for any student program in
         | which case the question probably doesn't even pop up
        
           | q-big wrote:
           | That's not true: here is the pricing for the Home and Hobby
           | licenses:
           | 
           | > https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/pricing/home-hobby/
           | 
           | These prices are not cheap, but affordable if you are serious
           | about your hobby.
        
       | WoahNoun wrote:
       | Mathematica has an army of mathematicians working on edge cases
       | that only other mathematicians would care about. It's essentially
       | impossible for any open source software to match what mathematica
       | does.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | Yep, this is why no other software can compete. People don't
         | realise that mathematica consists of huge lists of hard coded
         | cases for different mathematical problems. It's not like they
         | managed to find the general formula for everything. And there
         | are functions that I rely on that literally no other software
         | has, that I haven't even managed to find any papers that would
         | even hint at their implementation, that magically work for
         | almost any input. For example, MinimalStateSpace seems to be
         | able to find the minimum required form for basically any input
         | state space, which is highly non trivial. It's a huge amount of
         | work going into niche mathematical problems that even most
         | people in STEM won't have heard of. I don't see how others can
         | compete
        
           | smithmayowa wrote:
           | This is so true for instance mathematica's treatment on
           | numerical integration is the most complete I have seen out
           | there so many methods that work on very minute and specific
           | type of functions, this is even more so when you're working
           | with functions that have singularities in them, and therefore
           | need to be treated piecewisely, or functions that are highly
           | oscillating.
           | 
           | (https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateIn
           | ...)
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | Yeah and tbh that's even the simple stuff. Those are widely
             | needed, very common situations in practical
             | mathematical/physical calculations. The thing that is
             | really crazy is that the stuff that literally doesn't even
             | exist in any other software, but is really necessary, such
             | as in my case a full symbolic control systems library, is
             | still absurdly complete.
             | 
             | That's why nothing can compete. Not only does Mathematica
             | have an extremely complete implementation of common
             | functionality, it even has an extremely complete
             | implementation of very niche functionality. I don't think
             | that the people who propose OSS solutions really appreciate
             | this, probably because they aren't professional
             | mathematicians/physicists
        
           | bigbacaloa wrote:
           | Much other software can and does compete. Professional
           | mathematicians use any number of other programs as well as
           | simply writing their own.
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | No, it can't compete, because there will always be things
             | that other software cannot do that _only_ Mathematica can.
             | That's why sympy is a non-starter for many mathematicians
             | and physicists
        
               | physPop wrote:
               | Maple is pretty close, better in some areas worse in
               | others.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Check out https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib .
         | Sure, it's not really a CAS but CAS algorithms could be added
         | to it where applicable, since Lean is a constructive system and
         | can thus express formally verified computations.
        
           | Smaug123 wrote:
           | The existence of https://github.com/robertylewis/mathematica
           | makes me think it's more likely to go in the other direction,
           | where you treat powerful tools as untrusted oracles which
           | produce certificates that Lean then verifies.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | Sure that's possible, but "untrusted oracles" are only
             | useful if they provide easily-verified certificates. Some
             | CAS problems are amenable to that approach, but not all.
             | There's no difference in this case between Mma and, e.g. an
             | external SAT/SMT solver.
        
       | Roark66 wrote:
       | Haven't we had scipy for ages? It is a real OS replacement for
       | Mathematica. It can even run a lot of its scripts/code (sometimes
       | with minor changes).
       | 
       | In fact reading the linked page it appears they "build on top of"
       | scipy.
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | Are you confusing scipy and sage? Sage is basically trying to
         | fill the Mathematica space in the Open Source world. However
         | they have completely different syntax (Sage is python and
         | Mathematica uses its own Wolfram language) and you cannot run
         | just run Mathematica script in Sage.
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | SciPy definitely can't run Mathematica scripts. It's a
         | numerical library for Python that adds on to NumPy with special
         | functions, optimisation, DE solving, etc.
        
         | ogogmad wrote:
         | Scipy is for numerical computation. It's not a CAS.
         | 
         | While Sympy (which is one of the OSS libraries used in Mathics)
         | is a CAS, it only implements a subset of the features of
         | Mathematica, and not to the same standard. See here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33478881
        
       | someweirdperson wrote:
       | I don't get the idea of re-running mathmatica scripts. I haven't
       | used it 20 years, but always saw it as an algebra system. There's
       | no re-running. Once the math is done it's done. Proving
       | (manually) the correctness of the result is usually easier than
       | finding it. Feeding numbers into the equations can be done
       | elsewhere.
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | This looks difficult to install. I can see there's a core command
       | line module and a GUI in different projects. I don't see a
       | homebrew incantation or macOS installer or anything like that.
       | Looks like python dependency hell.
        
         | hpcjoe wrote:
         | From what I see, it's
         | 
         |  _pip3 install Mathics-omnibus_
         | 
         | levels of hard. I'm missing some libraries on one of my
         | machines, but I'm planning on playing with it.
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | It's missing mysql_config. Sounds a bit much to require
           | mysql, for easy installation.
        
         | __ryan__ wrote:
         | Compared to what? What about the docker image? It's effectively
         | a development environment for math, and it's seemingly robust.
         | It doesn't seem particularly wasteful in its use of
         | dependencies specifically has the goal of interfacing with
         | other open source tools. Rolling their own X for everything
         | rather than using the de-facto third party libraries seems like
         | a fine, manageable choice to me.
        
           | nsxwolf wrote:
           | Compared to Mathematica, which has an installer, and a cloud
           | version. Docker image does sound useful, for a more technical
           | user.
        
             | indymike wrote:
             | Expecting a project like this to come out of the box with
             | the polish of a decades old tool isn't quite fair is it?
        
               | BrenBarn wrote:
               | But if it doesn't, then it's not really an alternative to
               | Mathematica.
        
               | aussieshibe wrote:
               | That's quite subjective.
               | 
               | To someone with no money to spend, Mathematica isnt
               | really an alternative to Mathics.
        
               | __ryan__ wrote:
               | Is a pen not an alternative to a pencil? Different
               | features and tradeoffs; it depends on preference and
               | context. If anything it's less of an alternative if
               | there's no differences, otherwise it would be byte-for-
               | byte Mathematica and you'd be unable to choose between
               | the two.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | Perhaps it isn't for some things or if you can't install
               | it. But that's really dependent on use case and user,
               | isn't it?
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | Well, I bought Mathematica decades ago, from the
               | university book store. It came in a box and had an
               | installer.
        
             | __ryan__ wrote:
             | Then it's an alternative for technical users.
        
       | vtail wrote:
       | I'm a big, big fan of Wolfram Language - as a recreational
       | mathematician and programmer, there is _nothing_ else I would
       | rather do my explorations with.
       | 
       | As always in these discussions, I expect many people will start
       | complaining about how expensive Mathematica is, and how Stephen
       | Wolfram is very shortsighted with his pricing, and how open
       | sourcing it would truly unlock all the potential of the system.
       | 
       | And I seriously doubt this point of view. Open sourcing is not a
       | magic dust that automatically makes everything better. While it
       | works in some cases, it doesn't work in others - and not having a
       | competitive open source mathematical system is a prove of that.
       | 
       | Hiring people to develop and evolve complex algorithms, on work
       | on improving the UI and making it work on three different OSes,
       | or curate and maintain the knowledge library, takes a lot of
       | effort. I'm actually surprised they don't price it higher!
       | 
       | Disclaimer: And yes, I live in a developed country, so $250/year
       | for a personal license is not a substantial cost for me. I'm sure
       | that somewhat biases my position.
        
         | dfee wrote:
         | > Open sourcing is not a magic dust that automatically makes
         | everything better.
         | 
         | I think it does.
         | 
         | The market is then on ideas. Long term, someone will build an
         | open core business model around Mathics (or similar) and
         | that'll create an incentive for Wolfram to reprioritize and
         | pursue the best ideas.
         | 
         | The same will happen for this new biz with the open core
         | business model. It will continue to fray as industry figures
         | out what the market wants, pruning poor ideas/execution and
         | rewarding good ideas/execution.
         | 
         | Let's go!
        
           | zzo38computer wrote:
           | > Open sourcing is not a magic dust that automatically makes
           | everything better.
           | 
           | > I think it does.
           | 
           | I think that it does not automatically make it better,
           | although open source does improve the potential for making it
           | better, compared with not making open source.
           | 
           | There are also other advantages of FOSS, too. Even if you do
           | not modify it, there are benefits to examine the code to find
           | undesirable behaviours, reading the code to figure out
           | something that cannot be figured out from the documentation,
           | avoiding worrying about copyright issues as much as
           | proprietary code, etc. And then, further benefits may be
           | possible if the code might be modified, too.
        
           | vtail wrote:
           | Respectfully, I disagree with that premise. That clearly
           | hasn't happened with OpenSage, Maxima, or half a dozen other
           | old open source computer algebra systems, many of which were
           | around as long as Mathematica.
           | 
           | If the open sourcing a system works as you describe - why
           | haven't those system received even a tenth of a polish that
           | Mathematica has, over all these years?
           | 
           | I have my answer: because, even with all its warts, producing
           | something of Mathematica quality requires tremendous
           | coordinated efforts of hundreds of highly qualified
           | professionals who need to be tightly coordinated.
           | 
           | If you try the "next best thing" - a few core enthusiasts
           | plus a large number of users who do occasional contribution
           | you can get to (an impressive) quality level of the above
           | mentioned alternatives, but not higher.
        
             | dfee wrote:
             | You're missing the ingredient of time.
             | 
             | Software (as an industry) was born with the right
             | structure. That's why it moves so quickly.
             | 
             | Other industries (incl. research) need to fix internal
             | problems before they can accelerate, i.e. tightening
             | feedback loops such as procurement cycles. Over time,
             | institutions who can do more with less will outmaneuver
             | even Wolfram.
             | 
             | The future of the world isn't limited by one guy leading
             | one company.
        
             | omaranto wrote:
             | It's true that Mathematica has more polish than Sage, but
             | conversely Sage has vastly more pure math functionality
             | than Mathematica (Mathematica seems to me to have focused
             | on data analytics and neglected mathematics), so the
             | projects just have different focus.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | In agreement: Creating "polished" software is enormously costly
         | in time and effort, and involves the kind of work that people
         | only tend to do for money: Elaborate GUI's, installers for
         | multiple platforms, etc. Keeping specialized domain knowledge
         | experts happy over a long time span costs money, because they
         | probably know that they could jump ship and do mainstream
         | development for even more money.
         | 
         | And the tools have to do _everything_ because people outside of
         | the programming world can 't implement missing features
         | themselves. Programmers can create programming tools, but
         | mechanical engineers can't create CAD tools.
         | 
         | Of course there are downsides: Giving up everything that you
         | get with open-source is a lot. Creating "everything" tools
         | makes them bloated. Having to follow the rules of marketing
         | encourages planned obsolescence and a continual upgrade cycle.
         | Finite resources encourages focusing on "core competency"
         | rather than making general purpose tools.
         | 
         | The choice to use less-polished but free tools is a tradeoff
         | that makes sense for most programmers, and people like myself
         | who are not employed as programmers _per se_ , but do a lot of
         | programming to support our work.
         | 
         | If someone wants to develop a free "alternative," their best
         | bet is to piggy-back on existing free tools. So for instance, a
         | programming language benefits from free text editors. A
         | specialized math or science tool might benefit from being
         | served up as a package with a Python API. And so forth.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | shezi wrote:
       | This looks really nice and people interested in mathematical
       | computing should try it out. I certainly will.
       | 
       | Apparently many commenters here do not understand the word
       | "alternative", which means "a thing that you can choose to do or
       | have out of two or more possibilities", and instead take it as
       | "equal in every respect".
        
       | ccbccccbbcccbb wrote:
       | I thought that all the fuzz about something being _close source /
       | commercial aka overpriced_ is not worth a hill of beans, because
       | if it doesn't fit your ideals/wallet you just use what fits.
       | 
       | But no, there's always a discourse about how unfair, unethical,
       | greedy etc the developers of _closed source / commercial aka
       | overpriced_ software are, which vividly displays that the actual
       | sentiment in these complaints is pure and simple envy, towards
       | better things that cost more, towards developers who make a
       | living off their own projects and don't feel obliged to worship
       | the ideals of open source, free as in beer, cheap as in dirt
       | etc...
        
         | accurrent wrote:
         | Open source software doesnt have to be free as in beer. I
         | actually make a decent living off writing oss software. For the
         | most part the work is like consultancy (we have paying clients
         | request features). Despite being an oss dev I do actually pay
         | for software I think is worth it. I think the major issue with
         | mathematica is that it is _really_ pricy for paid software (and
         | not great at that, ive run into many bugs with it).
        
         | batmanturkey wrote:
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | I'm never sure why projects try to claim themselves as a free
       | alternative to Mathematica. For one, they never seem to reach
       | anywhere near the polish and power of Mathematica. And secondly,
       | is Mathematica really that expensive if you use it in your
       | job/industry?
       | 
       | For hobbyists, Mathematica is free on a Raspberry Pi, which
       | probably runs better than any alternative, and has a pretty
       | reasonable price point if you buy the real thing for personal
       | use.
       | 
       | For students/professors, Mathematica is basically already free at
       | most major universities.
        
         | ogogmad wrote:
         | > For students/professors, Mathematica is basically already
         | free at most major universities.
         | 
         | I think this is usually an on-premise license, and not a
         | license to use it on your own computer offline.
         | 
         | You can use it on the cloud. I'm not sure what else you can do
         | with such a license.
        
         | kome wrote:
         | it's nice you find it cheap, because i find it very very
         | expensive.
        
         | lixtra wrote:
         | > For students/professors, Mathematica is basically already
         | free at most major universities.
         | 
         | When I was still in academia I avoided close source because I
         | want my research to be accessible. It does make a difference if
         | you need to go through some strange license portal to activate
         | your university license or if you can just install it in one
         | line.
         | 
         | For me that meant that my scripts run in octave as good as in
         | matlab, if this was feasible (and of course many packages exist
         | only for matlab).
        
         | evanb wrote:
         | Mathematica has so much closed-source hidden stuff under the
         | hood that there's a question of correctness. I've certainly
         | found bugs / wrong mathematical facts before.
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | There's a question of correctness for any system, no matter
           | how closed or open.
        
             | ykonstant wrote:
             | But the process of answering that question is vastly
             | different.
        
             | Karliss wrote:
             | Yes, but having results verified with multiple different
             | software increases the chance that correctness problems
             | will noticed sooner.
        
           | an1sotropy wrote:
           | Can you share an example of it getting math wrong?
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | an1sotropy wrote:
             | There used to be another answer here, with a specific link,
             | but now it's gone. I thought I upvoted it, but I'm worried
             | my fumble fingers on my tiny phone downvoted it by
             | accident.
        
             | dagw wrote:
             | Here is an article from 2014 by a (group of) mathematicians
             | who used Mathematica extensively in their research
             | describing the problems they had with Mathematica when
             | trying to calculate the determinant of a Matrix containing
             | large integers (on the order of 10k digits). The bug was
             | reported in Mathematica 7 and was still there in
             | Mathematica 10.
             | 
             | https://www.ams.org/notices/201410/rnoti-p1249.pdf
             | 
             | Back when I was using Mathematica a lot (2005-2010ish) the
             | Mathematica usenet group kept an archive of all errors in
             | Mathematica people had found, but it seems to have
             | disappeared off the Internet.
             | 
             | If you browse the [bugs] tag in
             | mathematica.stackexchange.com you'll find a few as well
             | (although admittedly many of the issues there are user
             | errors rather than Mathematica getting it wrong)
        
               | an1sotropy wrote:
               | thank for the link to that nice article; it also has some
               | other examples of symbolic math packages getting the
               | wrong result
        
             | evanb wrote:
             | The [bugs] tag on the Mathematica stack exchange has 1900+
             | questions
             | https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/bugs
             | 
             | Here are two that I found:
             | 
             | the character table of some finite groups weren't square
             | https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/q/252775/7936 this
             | one makes me really nervous as this implies there's not
             | unit testing for the most obvious checks (it's a theorem
             | that the character table must be square and the check is
             | trivial to implement)
             | 
             | conjugate transpose didn't do anything to vectors
             | https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/q/258165/7936
             | 
             | There are plenty more where Mathematica produces the wrong
             | antiderivative or limit.
        
               | an1sotropy wrote:
               | Thanks for this link; I think your reply is the one I saw
               | and then couldn't see, but now it's back. I may be
               | misunderstanding how HN works.
        
         | mat_epice wrote:
         | > For students/professors, Mathematica is basically already
         | free at most major universities.
         | 
         | Just because someone else is writing the check doesn't mean
         | it's free. Case in point, the pricing for an individual
         | Mathematica license for use at a college or university ranges
         | from $722/yr to $9k[1], with the customary confusion about what
         | is actually included.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/pricing/colleges-
         | univers...
        
           | krsrhe wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | batmanturkey wrote:
         | One may want an open source tool for such a foundational
         | requirement.
         | 
         | One may decide that it's too unstable or dangerous to base
         | one's primary tools in proprietary software land.
         | 
         | I have precisely this concern in my fields of work.
        
         | bigbacaloa wrote:
         | Mathematica is prohibitively expensive. I work at a public
         | technical university in Europe and we have no licenses for
         | mathematica.
        
         | medo-bear wrote:
         | > And secondly, is Mathematica really that expensive if you use
         | it in your job/industry?
         | 
         | i would pay double/triple the price if it was open source. i
         | shudder at the thought of doing scientific work with help of a
         | magic black box
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | I just checked how much a license of Mathematica for Home &
         | Hobby costs.
         | 
         | It's EUR447 one time purchase, or a EUR224/year subscription.
         | 
         | The one time purchase does not include updates, so if something
         | breaks with next years macOS update I will probably have to pay
         | for an upgrade again.
         | 
         | This license is pretty pricy for something I just buy for fun,
         | but arguably worth it if you use it often. But I am not allowed
         | to use it for any professional purposes at all. If I just
         | wanted to use it to graph the sales numbers of my side projects
         | (probably not the best tool for the job, but why learn another
         | tool if you have one that does the job?), I would need a
         | professional license which is 10x the price.
         | 
         | Being able to run it on the Raspberry Pi for free is nice, but
         | I assume it is also limited to "personal use".
         | 
         | Mathematica is ridiculously expensive. It's expensive because
         | it's professional software, and there are few alternatives. If
         | you use it daily as part of your job, the price is absolutely
         | worth it, but if you don't, it's just way overpriced.
         | 
         | When I left university, I would have loved to keep using
         | Mathematica, but it was just way too expensive to run it on my
         | laptop, for an app that I would just use a few times per year.
         | And logging into a Raspberry Pi just to use an even slower
         | version of an app that isn't known for being particularly
         | responsive in the first place just isn't something that I care
         | about.
        
           | stblack wrote:
           | > Mathematica is ridiculously expensive
           | 
           | This is something I used to believe.
           | 
           | I am a hobbyist user. Mathematica was not required for my
           | work or for any other interests outside personal curiosity
           | and an ever growing love of math and science.
           | 
           | I've made it an indispensable part of my work. A small side-
           | project in Mathematica blossomed into one of the key ways my
           | clients analyze data now.
           | 
           | Mathematica costs less than a dollar a day. It's always open
           | among the apps on my desktop on both my work Mac and my
           | kitchen Mac.
           | 
           | To stop using Mathematica, you'd have to pry it away from my
           | cold, dead hands. It's really that great.
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | _" I've made it an indispensable part of my work"_
             | 
             | And that's why Mathematica is indispensable to you--
             | familiarity and use have made it indispensable.
             | 
             | The trouble is that it's a chicken and egg problem, with
             | the program being so expensive many won't have access to it
             | to try it--some of whom, if they'd had access, would have
             | progressed to your situation.
             | 
             | A program like Mathematica only becomes indispensable to a
             | person after he/she has had access to it for long enough to
             | become familiar with its workings and for the person to
             | actually benefit from the program's features--here that is
             | to provide quick mathematical solutions to problems that
             | would otherwise take a long time or require tedious
             | workings out.
             | 
             | Thus, it's little wonder that so many are looking for
             | cheaper alternatives--as they simply haven't developed the
             | experience necessary to arrive at the same conclusion that
             | you have.
             | 
             | It's unfortunate that's the situation exists and that there
             | aren't more products capable of competing with Mathematica
             | that have a similar UI experience and calculating
             | granularities.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | Are you using the hobby license for professional work? Or
             | do they drop the price to less than a dollar a day if you
             | ask nicely?
             | 
             | Licenses that you are allowed to use for commercial
             | activities are a lot more than a dollar a day according to
             | their website.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | [insert anything] is ridiculously expensive. If you use it
           | the price is absolutely worth it, but if you don't, it's just
           | way overpriced.
        
             | aldanor wrote:
             | Disagreed. Example: Numi.app and Soulver3.app = both are
             | essentially just fancy calculators with built-in unit
             | conversions and a few other convenient features. I use them
             | maybe once a month, but EUR30 for a lifetime license with
             | no subscription is more than ok for what they are.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | I would perhaps say: if it offers you more value (not
             | necessarily financial) than its cost, then it's worth it.
             | 
             | But this is a truism also.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | You are misrepresenting my comment by removing essential
             | qualifiers: It's worth it if you use it _daily as part of
             | your job_.
             | 
             | There are plenty of jobs where Mathematica would be useful
             | occasionally, but not every day. For these cases, the
             | software is overpriced.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | It can also be worth it when used outside of jobs and
               | occasionally - in the same way that a bike or a blender
               | or a day at a spa can be worth it. I wouldn't say that a
               | blender is "ridiculously expensive" because I don't care
               | much about smoothies.
        
               | rrwo wrote:
               | Depending where you are and what you income is, EUR447 is
               | a lot of money to spend on a hobby.
               | 
               | That costs more than a month's rent in some European
               | cities https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-
               | living/region_prices_by_city?...
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | Well, in that context one can also say that a EUR447 pair
               | of shoes is ridiculously expensive, a EUR447 bike is
               | ridiculously expensive, a EUR447 telephone is
               | ridiculously expensive, etc.
        
               | Jorengarenar wrote:
               | > EUR447 pair of shoes is ridiculously expensive
               | 
               | Well, at this point it's not even ridiculously expensive;
               | EUR100 would be ridiculously expensive already.
               | 
               | > a EUR447 bike is ridiculously expensive
               | 
               | Nah, a good bike can easily cost as much; it's an
               | investment similar to buying car.
               | 
               | > a EUR447 telephone is ridiculously expensive
               | 
               | It is and it baffles me people are willing to spend even
               | more.
        
               | newaccount74 wrote:
               | If I wanted to buy a Mathematica license for my use case
               | (hobby stuff, use it for my job maybe two times a year)
               | it would cost me around 5000EUR. If that isn't
               | ridiculously expensive, I don't know what else to call
               | it.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | I think I misunderstood your first comment - I thought
               | you found the "home and hobby" license ridiculously
               | expensive.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what that 5000EUR refers to. The standard
               | licence is 3880+VAT (I guess that's what you meant), the
               | annual one half that price.
               | 
               | If you look at it as                 "hobby stuff" 500
               | "use it for my job maybe two times a year" 4500 extra
               | 
               | maybe the "home and hobby" license makes more sense for
               | your use case - use it "cheap" for hobby even though you
               | cannot justify paying the full price for work. That's why
               | that license was introduced in the first place!
               | 
               | One could also say that a 5000EUR A0 printer is
               | "ridiculously expensive" because you want to print only a
               | couple of posters. While you would be better off going to
               | a print shop it doesn't necessarily indicate any problem
               | with the pricing of the machine.
        
         | opan wrote:
         | For me, free as in freedom is the primary concern. A
         | proprietary programming language seems a bit ridiculous. I
         | don't see myself paying for a programming language either,
         | though. Libre and gratis are the norm in this space, so going
         | against that sticks out in a bad way. It's like text editors
         | and web browsers. We've had good free options for a long time.
         | Anyone trying to push a non-free option might as well be giving
         | out malware. That malware isn't appealing whether it has a
         | pricetag or not.
        
           | phforms wrote:
           | There is an interesting article about the reasons why Wolfram
           | decided against open source and why their products would not
           | have been possible otherwise:
           | https://blog.wolfram.com/2019/04/02/why-wolfram-tech-isnt-
           | op...
           | 
           | As much as I don't like it either, I can understand their
           | perspective and actually believe that it might have been very
           | hard to create and sustain such a comprehensive, thoughtfully
           | and consistently designed language with an open source model.
           | But it may be interesting to see if there are projects of
           | similar scale with similar requirements that thrive (long-
           | term) on a free and open source model.
        
             | xigoi wrote:
             | Most of the points in the article are for centralized
             | development, which has nothing to do with open source.
        
           | lake_vincent wrote:
           | This! I am coding something right now that Mathematica would
           | honestly make 100x easier, but I refuse to use it because I
           | want _my_ software to be FOSS, and not depend on a
           | proprietary language.
           | 
           | I respect Wolfram's enginuity, but I resent his ego for
           | keeping us all out of his walled garden.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I love Mathematica, though I don't use it today.
         | 
         | Free tools have taken over programming, and I doubt that cost
         | is the main reason. I don't know if there are any proprietary
         | programming tools in widespread use any more. The same benefits
         | might apply to software for "the rest of us."
         | 
         | Outside of truly enlightened organizations, the cost ends up
         | being just high enough to trigger all sorts of wasteful habits
         | such as: Management approval, dealing with the purchasing
         | department (on a recurring basis these days), using outdated
         | versions, shared licenses, centralized installations, node
         | locking, separate "development" and "run-time" environments,
         | and so forth.
         | 
         | For one specialized app that I use at my workplace, it costs a
         | few man-hours per year to renew the subscription. The license
         | server is on a firewalled domain, maintained by IT, so I can't
         | use the software at home unless I carry a computer back and
         | forth every day. On my bike.
         | 
         | Use of that software tacitly assumes certain work habits such
         | as doing your work mostly in one place.
         | 
         | The cost frustrates sharing. If you want to share something you
         | made, your victim has to buy their own license to use it.
         | 
         | In the time that it takes to hash out the purchase of software
         | X, I can have my entire toolchain (Python, Arduino, WxMaxima,
         | etc) on every computer that I touch: In my office, the labs,
         | and at home. This has radically changed how I incorporate
         | (mostly) Python into my life at work and at home.
        
           | kgwgk wrote:
           | > I don't know if there are any proprietary programming tools
           | in widespread use any more.
           | 
           | Isn't Xcode is a widely used programming tool?
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Ah, good call. I admit that my claim is based on having
             | periodically googled "top programming languages" over the
             | years. So a few proprietary tools may have fallen through
             | my sieve.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | Another obvious example is the CUDA toolkit - unless you
               | don't consider it a programming tool.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | This might be a case similar to embedded development,
               | which has seen much slower adoption of free tooling.
               | 
               | And I have a pretty broad definition of "programming," so
               | by all rights I should have mentioned Excel.
        
         | throwyo223a65 wrote:
         | >And secondly, is Mathematica really that expensive if you use
         | it in your job/industry?
         | 
         | If you live in a developing country where the average salary is
         | $50-$300/month and your company's revenue is similarly thin,
         | yes it is really expensive.
         | 
         | I tried to discuss pricing with Mathematica on behalf of one of
         | these companies and after a few initial exchanges to assess our
         | needs, the sales representatives did not even bother getting
         | back to us and started ghosting us.
         | 
         | The world is not limited to wealthy western countries,
         | countries in Africa, Asia and other regions of the world are
         | increasingly aspiring to develop their technology sector by
         | building an ecosystem of engineering companies.
         | 
         | Mathics and similar initiatives are therefore more than
         | welcome. Even in a developed country, there are many reasons
         | not to want to tie yourself to a proprietary tech so central to
         | your operations, especially in today's world. For example, what
         | about if you are a Chinese company and the US treasury decides
         | to blacklist your company or country?
        
           | 2b3a51 wrote:
           | _" countries in Africa, Asia and other regions of the world
           | are increasingly aspiring to develop their technology sector
           | by building an ecosystem of engineering companies"_
           | 
           | So by basing that ecosystem around open source software where
           | appropriate, these companies and their employees can avoid
           | the lock in and restrictions of commercial software. I'd
           | expect them to be overtaking the tired Western industrial
           | world fairly soon - or at least being a lot more nimble.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | I agree that Mathematica is extremely powerful, but in my
         | opinion calling it polished is quite a stretch.
         | 
         | The notebook interface has a look and feel as if it was hacked
         | together in two weeks in 2004. Kernel startup and function
         | evaluations can be extremely slow (how the hell did Mathematica
         | 1 run on 1988 hardware?). Sometimes, long-running evaluations
         | can be interrupted, sometimes doing it crashes the kernel. The
         | arcane functional programming language makes writing procedures
         | extremely painful (control flow is handled by nesting If[]
         | functions). Plots are borderline unreadable by default.
         | Customizing them is very complicated and inflexible compared to
         | OOP-based plotting libraries in other languages. Many features
         | don't work at all. I once tried exporting an animated plot as a
         | video file, and most codecs were simply broken. Sometimes PDF
         | exports of plots are Megabyte sized for no good reason.
         | 
         | Instead of fixing such basic stuff, Wolfram keeps adding cloud
         | features that nobody asked for and machine learning stuff that
         | nobody uses. For the vast majority of users, Mathematica 7 is
         | functionally identical to Mathematica 13. Unfortunately, there
         | still is no real alternative, so everyone keeps giving them
         | lots of money for a frankly very unfinished product.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | _" Instead of fixing such basic stuff, Wolfram keeps adding
           | cloud features that nobody asked for and machine learning
           | stuff that nobody uses."_
           | 
           | Unfortunately, Wolfram is not alone and it's the curse of the
           | software industry. There are hundreds upon hundreds of
           | examples of programs where new usually-unwanted features are
           | added at the expense of unfixed bugs and important features
           | that are badly implemented and need attention but which its
           | developers keep ignoring.
           | 
           | The problem ultimately boils down to us users--first, we
           | don't complain loudly enough about obvious problems and
           | second, we're all too taken in with promises from marketing
           | departments about the benefits the new glitzy features will
           | bring but which rarely live up to expectations.
           | 
           | What we don't collectively realize is that poorly finished
           | software with bad user ergonomics is enormously costly to
           | society in terms of wasted human effort and lost productivity
           | when tallied across millions of users.
           | 
           | I qualify that comment from my own experience both as an IT
           | professional and as someone who has run an IT department.
           | Personally over the years I've lost thousands of hours trying
           | to get buggy or poorly implemented software to do some of the
           | most basic of core functions that ought to work properly from
           | the outset. Same goes for typical users who are forever
           | calling on my department's help desk to solve problems that
           | ought not exist.
        
           | an1sotropy wrote:
           | > Plots are borderline unreadable by default
           | 
           | Really? Of all your complaints that one seems the least true,
           | in my experience. I think plots are lovely by default, but
           | then 5% of the time it's crap and then I'm cursing, with you,
           | at how alien and annoying the whole thing has become.
           | 
           | I used Mathematica in 1988 on a Mac and have been grateful
           | that my employment has given me free access ever since. The
           | notebook interface feels basically the same to me as it did
           | in 1988, when it was an incredible innovation. Now, it is a
           | little annoying.
           | 
           | I also don't know what feels unfinished about it, but it
           | sounds like you've spent more time wrestling with it than me.
           | It has been an incredibly enduring product that still wins at
           | symbolic math. And I also hope open source tools can replace
           | it in my work.
        
             | fsh wrote:
             | In my opinion, the axes labels are way too small and in a
             | weird location, the lines are too thin, and the default
             | color cycle has many colors that are indistinguishable for
             | people with red-green color blindness (8% of all men). I
             | have been in many meetings where someone could not read
             | some of the Mathematica plots on the slides.
        
               | hilbert42 wrote:
               | I agree with your specific comment. And in the more
               | general sense (as I've repeated elsewhere) that user
               | ergonomics of much software sucks big-time.
               | 
               | In the case of red-green (or any) color blindness the
               | simple solution is to provide either a choice of
               | predefined colors and or ways of manually overriding the
               | defaults--and in relative terms the extra programming
               | effort needed to provide this useful functionality is a
               | trivial matter.
               | 
               | Sotware manufacturers really do have a damned hide when
               | they omit such important features especially when the
               | need for them is so obvious.
               | 
               | BTW, I'm not color blind but I've witnessed situations as
               | you've mentioned, so too would have the program's
               | software developers. That they've not attended to the
               | matter makes it all the more annoying.
        
               | vtail wrote:
               | How about defining you own PlotTheme and setting
               | $PlotTheme in init.m? It's been supported since version
               | 10, I believe.
        
         | divbzero wrote:
         | TIL: Mathematica is free on Raspberry Pi.
         | https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/
        
           | bmitc wrote:
           | Yea, it's a pretty awesome thing, in my opinion. It ran a bit
           | slow on the old Raspberry Pis, but the Raspberry Pi 4 is
           | obviously much more powerful.
        
           | homarp wrote:
           | and Minecraft is also free on RPi
           | https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/edition/pi
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | And the free version has a neat open source fork that adds
             | features: https://github.com/MCPI-Revival/minecraft-pi-
             | reborn
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | > Mathematica is basically already free at most major
         | universities.
         | 
         | As a physicist I can say this is definitely not true
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | >I'm never sure why projects try to claim themselves as a free
         | alternative to Mathematica.
         | 
         | In this case it's an open-source project reimplementing
         | Mathematica (though technically only the Wolfram language).
         | 
         | >For hobbyists, Mathematica is free on a Raspberry Pi,
         | 
         | Also Wolfram Engine (which due to previous technicality is
         | closer to Mathics) is free anywhere.
         | 
         | >And secondly, is Mathematica really that expensive if you use
         | it in your job/industry?
         | 
         | The point isn't the price but but that an important software
         | used in academic research is closed source. Those that value
         | open science want to have a way to reproduce results using free
         | tools.
        
         | Quequau wrote:
         | When I went back to uni, a lot of my classes had us using
         | Mathematica. While the software is fine, I found Steven
         | Wolfram's relentless promotion a bit off-putting.
         | 
         | Felt a lot like P. T. Barnum somehow and I wasn't really
         | comfortable being a customer of someone who made me feel like
         | P. T. Barnum was selling me something.
        
           | an1sotropy wrote:
           | Thanks; you have aptly expressed the vibe I got trying to
           | read through New Kind of Science.
        
         | b33j0r wrote:
         | You're not wrong.
         | 
         | It's just the idea of "what if I accidentally turn my dream
         | hobby into a success?" and "how do I even call lawyers?" and
         | "is any of this worth investing in, on balance?"
        
       | fab13n wrote:
       | can't wait to see what people come up with when they'll start
       | interfacing it with a modern AI.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | I was really hoping the *.cdf format would take off and
       | interactive science papers on the iPad were going to be the
       | future.
        
       | 2-718-281-828 wrote:
       | could someone advertise mathematica to me? like, how powerful is
       | it? i'm a mathematically trained dev / DE. i'd probably be most
       | interested in exploring rabbit holes as i find them, plotting
       | things, simulating something etc
        
         | ogogmad wrote:
         | It has a better equation-solver and simplifier than anything
         | available in open-source. For instance, I have a lot of
         | experience with Sympy, but Sympy has no ability to detect that
         | an equation has a piecewise solution, while Mathematica does.
         | Sympy often finds a solution to an equation that is true _most
         | of the time_ but is generally wrong, while Mathematica gives a
         | piecewise solution that 's correct in every case.
         | 
         | It also has a great toolset for making interactive plots.
         | Assuming you understand the following jargon, it uses the
         | functional reactive paradigm.
         | 
         | All possible variable names in Mathematica are pre-declared,
         | unlike in general-purpose programming languages.* For instance,
         | the variable "x" is predeclared, and when its value is printed
         | out, it prints out "x". Sympy and Sage absolutely use the wrong
         | approach here. You can work around the problem in Sympy using
         | from sympy.abc import *
         | 
         | but this is honestly rather shit.
         | 
         | The editor is nice, in that it suggests documentation, and
         | offers to auto-complete your code. It's similar to an IDE in
         | that respect. This compares favourably against Maxima, where
         | some people suggest to use it via Emacs, and then you don't get
         | access to auto-completion or context-relevant documentation.
         | 
         | You can also copy-paste any object in the notebook. I don't
         | know if this is directly useful, but the copy-paste includes
         | any plot, image, formula, output, etc. The experience is
         | similar to MS Office, where you can similarly copy-paste any
         | image, table, text, or combination of these. With something
         | like Sympy, you would need to use some function to serialise an
         | object (like a formula) to code.
         | 
         | Finally, comparison to Sagemath: Everything in Sagemath seems
         | half done. It ticks a lot of feature boxes, but the features
         | seem incompletely implemented, even when compared to Sympy. By
         | contrast, when Mathematica does something, it seems to be done
         | in a more complete and usable way. The whole system seems
         | consistent, somehow.
         | 
         | * - This is one of the ways that a CAS should not behave like a
         | general-purpose language.
        
           | henrydark wrote:
           | Working with sage for about 17 years, I've had the complete
           | opposite experience. There is no alternative for holistic
           | number theory, group theory, and algebraic geometry (except
           | maybe MAGMA, which I haven't used in years), and sage does
           | these extremely well (sometimes with the aid of things like
           | Gap and PARI), and this is evident by the large number of
           | citations it has in papers. Plenty of leading mathematicians
           | use sage in proper research, a property which I don't think
           | Mathematica shares.
        
             | ogogmad wrote:
             | Maybe my criticisms are superficial, then. I guess
             | superficially some problems with Sagemath I've found:
             | 
             | - If you do matrix algebra in it, it rigidly insists on
             | knowing which ring your matrix-elements belong to. If you
             | have a symbolic variable, then you need to indicate this as
             | part of the ring. Some functionality is not available for
             | certain rings, which sometimes feels overly pedantic;
             | surely a best-case effort could somehow be made? I haven't
             | tried this for a while, but I remember this was an obstacle
             | that I hadn't encountered in Mathematica (or Sympy), which
             | seemed to just do the right thing. Note that normally when
             | working with real- and complex-algebras, I usually resort
             | to various matrix representations.
             | 
             | - The pretty-printer wasn't good. Maybe my mistake was
             | insisting it print to Unicode, but it failed to pretty-
             | print the elements of a matrix. It defaulted to printing
             | out Python code within a matrix. Maybe this is a bug? Maybe
             | I should've just outputted to Latex?
             | 
             | - The variables weren't pre-declared, so I kept having to
             | write out `var("x")`, etc. This is not ergonomic for a CAS.
             | Sagemath doesn't even ship with a hack like `from sympy.abc
             | import *`.
        
             | onos wrote:
             | Mathematica enjoys a near monopoly among theoretical
             | physicists. I imagine sage and mathematica then are simply
             | targeting different applications.
        
         | ohbtvz wrote:
         | A colleague wrote a blog post here:
         | https://idrissi.eu/post/mathematica
        
       | amai wrote:
       | Why does Mathics not make use of jupyter notebooks? It seem they
       | are reinventing the wheel a bit.
        
         | drhodes wrote:
         | Hi, they did at one point: https://github.com/mathics/IMathics
        
       | ohbtvz wrote:
       | > Documentation for the Mathics system is provided in the PDF
       | format (download the PDF).
       | 
       | Seriously? I'm already tired of latex packages only being
       | documented as PDF, but at least there's a technical reason. Here,
       | this is just contempt for the users.
        
         | hilbert42 wrote:
         | What else would you require, or what would be more appropriate?
        
           | namibj wrote:
           | Appropriate? The Wolfram Language documentation of
           | mathematics, the way it's accessible online as hypertext.
        
           | ohbtvz wrote:
           | HTML. Take a look at Mathematica's documentation:
           | https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Solve.html
        
             | hilbert42 wrote:
             | Agreed, it does seem an unacceptable oversight that
             | HTML/MathML and perhaps also LaTeX and Open Document format
             | etc. are missing--for reasons they're convenient to use as
             | is and or are easy starting points for conversion to other
             | formats.
             | 
             | One wonders why the omission given Mathematica's vintage--
             | one would have thought that by now Wolfram would have had
             | time to write the output format routines.
        
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