[HN Gopher] New Zealand plunges into recessionary spiral
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       New Zealand plunges into recessionary spiral
        
       Author : koyanisqatsi
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2022-11-04 19:06 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.macrobusiness.com.au)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.macrobusiness.com.au)
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | What do all these goofy polls have to do with a "recessionary
       | spiral?"
       | 
       | The only data in this is at the end, and it is not particularly
       | interesting. NZ homeowners will be affected by rising interest
       | rates.
        
       | jamesvnz wrote:
       | That's a rather sensationalist headline. Written by an Australian
       | looking at graphs, rather than having a feel for what's going on.
       | 
       | I'm sure he's a capable economist, but based on what I see, New
       | Zealand is not "plunging". There's definitely a slow down - but I
       | think most businesses are expecting a relatively soft landing.
       | 
       | I guess time will tell.
        
         | plantain wrote:
         | I'm not commenting if they're wrong in this case in particular,
         | but Macrobusiness's business model is sensational/doomer
         | headlines funnelling into their private newsletter.
         | 
         | They may look prescient if you read the last years
         | publications, but they well and truly live up to the joke
         | "Economists have predicted nine of the last five recessions."
        
         | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
         | Macrobusiness is the Zero Hedge of Australia. They are
         | permabears, often with a reasonable financial case for the
         | claims they're making, but they definitely start from the
         | premise that the sky is falling, then look for data that
         | corroborates that perspective.
        
         | flog wrote:
         | Judging by my inability to get into any store at Westgate last
         | weekend due to the crowds, I think we're still a while off
         | "plunging". /anacdata
        
           | billforsternz wrote:
           | Similarly my anecdata is how hard it is to find a car park in
           | the allegedly in decline Wellington CBD and then how
           | difficult it is to find a restaurant that isn't overflowing
           | with happy diners and consequently incapable of accommodating
           | us.
        
           | formerkrogemp wrote:
           | As it's been explained to me, we're in a demand shock with
           | more or less normal supply constrained by logistics problems.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | If you skim headlines it's much as you say. Interest rates
         | rising (but still around historic averages), falling house
         | prices and high inflation.
         | 
         | https://www.rnz.co.nz/topics/business-economy
        
           | potatochup wrote:
           | > falling house prices
           | 
           | Good?
        
             | tmnvix wrote:
             | Overall, yes, very.
             | 
             | For some not so much. Talking with my landlord the other
             | week, they said that they regretted not selling the house
             | last year when they moved. It's lost 15k every week this
             | year on average (according to homes.co.nz estimates).
             | That's almost 30%.
             | 
             | For people like me, it's a good thing. Interest rates are
             | higher, sure, but a smaller deposit is needed and for most
             | people I know that have been looking to buy it's the
             | raising of the deposit that has been the biggest hurdle.
        
               | Grimburger wrote:
               | Investments aren't meant to be risk free.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That's exactly it though. For many it's as much a home as
               | an investment.
        
             | john2x wrote:
             | Good for the wealthy.
             | 
             | Middle-class still can't buy because of stricter lending
             | rules and increasing interest rates.
             | 
             | Middle-class who FOMO'd in the last 2 years will see their
             | interest rates double and even triple when they refinance
             | in the next months. With inflation and cost of living rises
             | recently, that bump up in their mortgage payments is really
             | going to hurt.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, those with the cash can just scoop up houses
             | (if/when they want to).
             | 
             | Silver lining is younger and future generations might not
             | be completely and utterly f'd.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Yes. But there will be losers. Some of this I'm fine with
             | but hurting first home buyers and those who need a home to
             | live in is crap.
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Figure 9 looks dire: 95% of mortgage (by total value, not count)
       | are going to have their rates adjusted in the next three years;
       | 56% in the next year.
       | 
       | In the US, that'd definitely lead to a housing crisis worse than
       | 2008. Is there something different about how houses are purchased
       | in NZ?
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | > Is there something different about how houses are purchased
         | in NZ?
         | 
         | The US government subsidizes long term fixed-rate mortgages as
         | a matter of policy. This is not true in most other countries,
         | including, apparently, New Zealand.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | This is certainly bad, but if it will lead to a crisis like
         | 2008 in the USA, depends on a number of factors. First, there
         | was a lot of leverage and fraud in the US case. Then, there was
         | lack of financial support for families that had no option other
         | than default on their mortgages. The US government didn't
         | anticipate the issues caused by ARMs and only dealt with the
         | problem when it was already clear the total collapse of the
         | mortgage industry.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | Did they even really do anything with ARMs? I thought they
           | were just flushed out with all the foreclosures that happened
           | after '08. And then they just fell out of favor.
        
         | exhilaration wrote:
         | I've read comments on Hacker News that adjustable rate
         | mortgages are the rule rather than the exception in many
         | countries (outside of the U.S.). Here's a comment saying that
         | Canada ONLY does ARMs
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15185052 and another
         | comment saying that they're very common in some European
         | countries: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30339845. I'm
         | guessing this is how it is in New Zealand.
        
           | mig39 wrote:
           | Canada does both adjustable-rate and fixed-rate mortgages.
           | Just that we tend to do it for shorter periods. Typically 5
           | or 10 years.
           | 
           | I have two fixed-rate mortgages with really low rates. They
           | won't come up for renewal until 4 years from now. Then I'll
           | have to choose whether to do another 5 years with the current
           | rate, or convert over to an adjustable rate.
        
             | subarctic wrote:
             | Canada doesn't have the concept of fixed-rate mortgages
             | like in the US though, which is where the rate is fixed for
             | the entire life of the mortgage. What you are describing is
             | an adjustable-rate mortgage with an initial 5 year fixed-
             | rate term, which in the US would be called a 5/1 ARM.
        
             | rufus_foreman wrote:
             | In the US a mortgage with a rate that resets after 5 years
             | would be considered an adjustable rate mortgage, although
             | the rate would typically reset yearly after the initial 5
             | years (a 5/1 ARM).
             | 
             | A mortgage that ends after 5 years and needs to be renewed
             | would be considered a balloon mortgage, and they are rare
             | in the US. They are "non-qualified" mortgages which means
             | the government sponsored entities won't buy them, so there
             | is a limited secondary market and they have much higher
             | rates.
             | 
             | I don't think I would sleep great at night knowing that
             | every 5 years I would need to either get a new mortgage
             | loan or lose my house.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | In New Zealand, all mortgages are approximately at a _floating_
         | interest rate.
         | 
         | You can lock in a rate for up to 5 years (with the majority
         | choosing 1 or 2 years), but after that "fixed" period
         | completes, you now renew your interest rate at whatever the
         | current market is. Most mortgages are signed up for a term of
         | decades (mine is 30 years, and I signed up at age 50), so
         | although you might use "fixed" rates for a few years each, you
         | end up with a stepwise approximation to the floating rate. My
         | mortgage allows me to pay 20% more principal each month, which
         | shortens to term to 20 years.
         | 
         | You can renegotiate terms, and you can cancel a fixed 5 year
         | rate early, but the bank charges a fee, and the fee depends on
         | how valuable the current terms are to the bank (they cover any
         | downside risk to them). If you change mortgage terms, and it
         | turns out the bank is "in the money", they don't pay you (they
         | just pocket the profit).
        
           | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | Here in the US we have ARMs (adjustable rate mortgages) -
           | usually they are rated by (fixed period/stepping rate) - the
           | most common being a 5/1 ARM = 5y fixed + adjustable rate
           | reset every year.
           | 
           | So is it the case that in NZ, if you refinance your mortgage,
           | you typically get charged a significant fee?
        
             | mdasen wrote:
             | We do have ARMs in the US, but fixed mortgages are a lot
             | more popular - presumably because they allow someone to
             | know how much it's going to cost.
        
           | mdasen wrote:
           | Silly question, but how do you budget given floating interest
           | rates?
           | 
           | Let's say that you buy an $800,000 place at 3% interest with
           | a 20% down-payment ($640,000 borrowed). Your payments are
           | $2,698/mo. Fast-forward a couple years and you're now at 7.3%
           | and your payments are up to $4,388/mo. That's a 63% increase
           | in your housing budget. That's an extra $20,280/year in
           | housing costs.
           | 
           | Yes, rent can increase crazy amounts which makes budgeting
           | hard as well and we've seen rent go up 20% from pre-pandemic
           | levels in many markets (though that seems to be rapidly
           | falling as the market changes). However, you're not committed
           | to that rent. Yes, it might be bad to downsize to something
           | smaller that you're renting or to a less desirable location,
           | but it's theoretically possible. In this case, you now have
           | to pay 63% more money without a possibility of alleviating
           | that burden.
           | 
           | As rates go up, the amount you can sell a property for likely
           | goes down (since it's now a more expensive property). In the
           | US, at least you can continue living there at your low
           | interest rate and fixed monthly payment. In NZ, your $800,000
           | place is now worth $700,000 and your payments have gone up
           | 63% and you can't really sell it because you owe more than
           | it's worth and you also can't afford the payments...?
           | 
           | I feel like I might be missing something, but your answer
           | might just be "yea, that's how it is here."
        
             | Negitivefrags wrote:
             | Yes. This is how you get wrecked in the housing market.
             | This is because buying a house is taking a risk. The
             | question is just who is taking it.
             | 
             | In 2008 my mother had her equity completely wiped out due
             | to the exact situation you describe. Underwater mortgage,
             | unable to afford the interest, forced to sell at a loss,
             | zero net worth at the end after paying off all her debt.
             | 
             | On the other hand, we didn't suffer the 2008 banking crisis
             | and overall the economy was basically fine with only a
             | minor recession, mostly due to worldwide conditions.
        
             | climb_stealth wrote:
             | Yeah, that's how it is here. Part of the thinking is that
             | everyone is in the same boat and the government couldn't
             | possibly let everyone go to ruin.
             | 
             | It's nuts. Talking about Australia though.
        
             | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
             | Your scenario desribes how it works in Australia (similar
             | system to NZ). Almost all mortgages are variable rate, you
             | can lock in a fixed rate for a few years but otherwise
             | you're at the mercy of interest rates.
             | 
             | Buyers are subject to strict lending criteria to determine
             | whether they can afford $current_rates + $future_increases.
             | This means a lot of people are locked out of owning
             | housing.
             | 
             | The system is benefiting the already wealthy and leaving
             | others, particularly young people, out in the cold.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > The system is benefiting the already wealthy and
               | leaving others, particularly young people, out in the
               | cold.
               | 
               | That is correct, but I think your cause and effect
               | analysis is wrong.
               | 
               | We have 5 million people bidding against each other on 2
               | million households.
               | 
               | People bid as much as they can on their home, so if
               | lending becomes looser, home prices shift up. The long
               | term affordability doesn't change much. There can be
               | other dynamic effects in the short term, I am talking
               | about long term stability.
               | 
               | People bid to the limit of their affordability, so houses
               | remain at the limit of affordability, regardless of the
               | actual prices.
               | 
               | The structural problem is that home prices are a zero-sum
               | game where we collectively bid to the point we can
               | individually only _just_ afford the interest payments.
               | And we also screw the country because we are bidding on
               | how much money we can give to Australian banks.
               | 
               | Home prices follow the same distribution as income (I
               | think), until you reach a minimum wall of a few hundred
               | thousand, below which nothing is available.
               | 
               | The problem of house prices is an effect of bidding, and
               | I believe prices have almost nothing to do with land
               | availability or the costs of building houses.
               | 
               | We could build more houses, but wealthier people will
               | just buy two or more. I would like to own a second home
               | in town for my occasional use.
               | 
               | What to do? I don't know. Keep increasing minimum wage so
               | that 50% of people are in the lowest income bracket?
               | Extra taxes on investment properties or empty vacation
               | homes? Suggestions?
               | 
               | Are our city council rates already a significant way
               | towards a Georgist taxation system? I looked at a wealthy
               | suburb in Christchurch, and they were paying 5x as much
               | as I do on rates ($15k per annum for the house I looked
               | at).
               | 
               | Living in Christchurch, we had heaps of as-is houses that
               | couldn't get a mortgage, and their prices reflect the
               | cash price, which was _wayyyyyy_ lower than the same home
               | would be with a mortgage. I bought a _perfectly_ good 3
               | bedroom home for land-valuation + $5000. At least half
               | the price, because a mortgage was unavailable (and market
               | was slow, so amplification factor on price too).
        
               | tmnvix wrote:
               | > What to do?
               | 
               | Make housing less attractive as an investment vehicle. In
               | my opinion the best way to do this is with the tax system
               | (which, in NZ, currently favours property investment to a
               | large extent).
               | 
               | Two proposals that are often discussed are a capital
               | gains tax (CGT) and a land value tax (LVT). Personally I
               | would prefer a LVT. A CGT would be an improvement on the
               | current situation, but it would be a big impediment to
               | freely moving to take up a new job or for family reasons.
               | An LVT has the opposite problem of being a potential
               | impediment to staying put if the value of your land
               | increases relative to other areas. For an older person
               | who is no longer working this could force them to find a
               | new home but could be dealt with by deferring payments
               | until sale or settlement of an estate.
        
             | rr888 wrote:
             | > "yea, that's how it is here."
             | 
             | Its also how it is in the UK and most other countries.
             | There is a benefit that the central bank can control the
             | economy much better. When the fed raises rates most people
             | dont directly notice, where with floating rates the
             | majority of households have less money every month straight
             | away.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | That's wild. In the US, a fixed-rate 30 year is pretty
           | common, particularly when rates were <4% - lock in that low
           | rate for the duration. We currently have a 20 year. No
           | prepayment penalty, no renegotiation. The only reason my
           | monthly payment changes is changes to taxes/insurance (paid
           | with mortgage, put into escrow to ensure those are kept
           | current). I effectively have a housing cost that goes down
           | over time due to inflation and salary increases.
           | 
           | I suspect a rates go up, ARMs (adjustable rate mortgage)
           | become more common, in the hopes that rates come down and the
           | homeowner see that upside.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | twelvechairs wrote:
         | US has 30 year mortgages backed by government. New Zealand and
         | Australia do not so the overwhelming number are either
         | floating/variable or fixed for 1-5 years.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | The US and Belgium are the only countries in the world with a
           | government subsidized 30-year fixed rate AFAIK.
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | How are they backed by government differently than say in
           | Canada where CMHC backs most mortgages?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | https://www.freddiemac.com/about and friends buy mortgages
             | that meet certain requirements (called "conforming" loans)
             | and package and sell them to investors. Since they will buy
             | 30 year fixed loans, banks are willing to sell them, and
             | investors are willing to buy the subsequent bonds created
             | out of them because they're (likely) almost as reliable as
             | 30 year treasuries from the US government itself.
             | 
             | If you try to get a 30 year fixed loan outside of the US
             | mortgage market, it's hard to find with rates as low.
             | 
             | CMHC may not buy fixed rate loans in the same way.
        
         | jemmyw wrote:
         | Mortgages in NZ are typically fixed for between 1 and 5 years,
         | with most fixing around 3 years. So 95% of mortgages will
         | always be rate adjusted in the next 3 years.
        
           | voisin wrote:
           | Same as Canada. I assumed it was market forces but no, it is
           | regulated this way! Seems like a bizarre plan to make your
           | populace _less_ resilient to rate fluctuations.
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | How do you mean it is regulated this way? RBC lists a
             | 25-year fixed right now -
             | https://www.rbcroyalbank.com/mortgages/mortgage-
             | rates.html#p....
             | 
             | It isn't competitive (9.75% vs 6.2% on a 5 year), but it's
             | there.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | Woah, that's strange. I just bought a house and the
               | mortgage guy I was dealing with said anything more than 7
               | years is prohibited in Canada unless you go to an
               | unregulated B-lender. Clearly I stand corrected!
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The US weirdness of 30 year fixed-rate loans that the
             | _customer_ can call at anytime and the bank can never call
             | except for non-performance is substantially subsidized by
             | the US Government.
             | 
             | Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae or whatever they are/were take
             | those mortgages and basically convert them into government
             | bonds that are then sold out.
             | 
             | Otherwise getting 2% for 30 years would be nearly
             | impossible (and it IS impossible in many countries).
        
             | Negitivefrags wrote:
             | It makes the banking system more resilient to rate
             | fluctuations..
        
         | throwaway788 wrote:
         | The banks are required to stress test those loans with somewhat
         | stringent requirements. When the loans were granted they take
         | the current retail interest and add around 3% and ensure that
         | the loan recipient could still afford it. Last year there were
         | stories in the NZ media around how banks were not writing loans
         | because people were spending too much on Uber Eats etc. They
         | were going over finances with a fine-toothed comb (there was a
         | bit of backlash in the media, but turns out it was a good
         | thing). NZ banks have quite a high capital reserve buffer
         | requirement which was increased by the Reserve Bank of New
         | Zealand a few years ago - with a lot of pushback from the banks
         | at the time.
        
           | vosper wrote:
           | This is correct, and also wages are rising faster than
           | inflation. Very very few households with mortgages are
           | actually at risk of defaulting (so low the number is
           | essentially zero), and both banks and households can sustain
           | higher interest rates than we're seeing.
           | 
           | Much more info (with numbers and charts) in Bernard Hickey's
           | post from a few days ago.
           | 
           | https://thekaka.substack.com/p/incomes-are-rising-faster-
           | tha...
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | As an American I was struck by the graph of mortgages by fixed
       | term length. I guess I've always heard that US home buyers are
       | constantly benefiting from policies propping up 30 year fixed
       | mortgages, and I knew that other places this wasn't the norm. But
       | it's surprising to me that a majority of mortgage debt in NZ is
       | fixed for less than 1 year. Even in years that don't see rapid
       | interest rate changes, this must make it very hard to plan.
        
         | ztetranz wrote:
         | That's true. As a kiwi in the US, I was surprised by how many
         | mortgages here are fixed term for a long time. When I last
         | bought a house in NZ about 30 years ago floating rate
         | (potentially changing every month) was the norm and "lock in
         | your rate for five years" was advertised as an option you could
         | take.
         | 
         | My American father-in-law who is a retired realestate /
         | financial industry professional seemed to have trouble getting
         | his head around that when I told him. Not only that long term
         | fixed rates were not available but also when you're in a short
         | term (5 year) fixed rate, you can't easier refinance if the
         | general rates go down. That seemed normal to me at the time
         | because it's a gamble for both parties. If I sign a contract to
         | pay X% for the next five years then it doesn't seem like I
         | should be able to change my mind part way through any more than
         | the bank can renege on the deal. That said, I never suffered
         | significantly so that's easy for me to say.
         | 
         | Likewise for deposits. It seems a lot easier to break a CD
         | early (forfeiting some interest) in the US than it is to break
         | a term deposit (like a CD) in NZ.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | The US market is greatly formed by the Great Depression -
           | before that both sides could "call" the mortgage at anytime,
           | basically (you could pay it off anytime you wanted, and the
           | bank could call you and say "pay us cash tomorrow"). But
           | nobody ever really DID either of those except from normal
           | business (moving, missing payments, foreclosure, etc).
           | 
           | And then the 1929 market crash wiped out the banks so they
           | called in all their assets (loans).
           | 
           | And so now the US Government steps in and says "banks you
           | can't do that" and the banks said "then screw lending" and
           | the government said "we'll buy and resell the loans with our
           | guarantee" and the banks said, "oh really hmmm".
           | 
           | You can get ARMs for real estate in the US, and they may
           | become more attractive as rates rise; the rates were so low
           | it wasn't really worth it to even consider, but they exist -
           | here are some:
           | https://www.bankofamerica.com/mortgage/adjustable-rate-
           | mortg...
           | 
           | The average American holds their loan for something like 7-10
           | years before either moving/selling or refinancing, so an ARM
           | can be a worthy consideration. But you must plan around what
           | it could do "worst case".
        
         | rr888 wrote:
         | The long term fixed term mortgage in the US rely on Govt
         | regulation and the securitization of debt. In most countries
         | when you get a mortgage its literally a loan from the bank, not
         | sold on to bond holders.
         | 
         | Floating rate makes sense, if inflation rises, rates rise and
         | usually so the pay rises so you can afford to pay more. In the
         | US I have fixed at ~2% for 15 years which is good for me but
         | seems silly over such a long term.
        
       | vosper wrote:
       | ITT: Lots of people from overseas wondering how New Zealand's
       | mortgage and housing market works.
       | 
       | This post is wrong, we're not in a recessionary spiral.
       | Households (and banks!) are overall doing fine. Unemployment is
       | at record lows, wages are rising faster than inflation, non-
       | performing (ie in default) mortgages are at 0.2% of all mortgages
       | (lower than GFC), mortgages are stress-tested to higher levels
       | than we're seeing. Banks are extremely healthy (making money hand
       | over fist).
       | 
       | Consumer confidence is low, but it's low in defiance of reality.
       | 
       | For more see here: https://thekaka.substack.com/p/incomes-are-
       | rising-faster-tha...
        
       | jesuscript wrote:
       | What are the chances the private sector wants to play up the
       | possibility of recession to preempt government freebies?
       | 
       | "Keep buying those mortgage backed loans", for example
       | 
       | "Keep those interest rates near zero"
       | 
       | What do they have at stake?
        
       | damiankennedy wrote:
       | It doesn't feel like a recession but something is wrong. Our "go
       | hard, go early" approach to covid meant we avoided a lot of
       | tragedy but the govt printed that money. Now we're having an
       | inflation shock leading to an interest rate shock. The
       | shrinkflation is insidious when the packaging hasn't changed. The
       | thing is, unemployment is so low, it's like the whole country is
       | running to stand still.
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Their consumer sentiment is only at -25 for major household
       | goods? In the U.S. it is -35!
       | 
       | https://data.sca.isr.umich.edu/get-chart.php?y=2022&m=9&n=35...
        
         | tenpies wrote:
         | There are a couple of Western countries that have combined a
         | decade of terrible housing policy, banking policy, immigration
         | policy, and every other government lever you could imagine; in
         | order to generate an absolutely generation-crushing property
         | bubble.
         | 
         | New Zealand, Canada, and Australia will all be catastrophic
         | lessons in the future.
         | 
         | So when you see -25 sentiment in housing by Kiwis, it's much
         | more severe than -35 in the US, because over 50% of the Kiwi
         | economy is based on housing and associated services:
         | https://figure.nz/chart/WRpSmBftC60lEu2q
         | 
         | Canada and Australia are similar stories.
         | 
         | Canada is probably the worst in that it intentionally is using
         | immigrants to try to prop its rental market and suppress wages.
         | This works well if you are intent on starting a golden era for
         | slumlords, but it's also going to absolutely demolish quality
         | of life and send food/energy costs screaming.
         | 
         | It's very likely we're at the apex of a golden era of
         | incompetence in these three countries in particular, but the
         | West broadly.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | FWIW, _housing_ sentiment according to the same survey is at
           | -52, near the lowest level ever recorded, -60 in November
           | 1981, and the same level as July 1981.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | One clarification if you're not familiar with New Zealand
       | banking. The article states:
       | 
       | > Last week, Bank of New Zealand warned that "things could well
       | and truly turn to custard" as the global economy is plunged into
       | recession.
       | 
       | I read that and thought "Holy hell, central bankers in the US are
       | usually extremely measured in their comments, they would never
       | say something like 'things could well and truly turn to
       | custard'". I misunderstood, thinking that "Bank of New Zealand"
       | is their central bank. It's just another big bank, not "The
       | Reserve Bank of New Zealand", which is their actual central bank.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | Prior to 2012, there was also the National Bank of New Zealand
         | which was also just another retail bank. Extra confusion haha.
        
         | yonaguska wrote:
         | Let's be clear, the federal reserve does not belong to the USA,
         | and is not beholden to any direct representation to the people
         | of the United States.
         | 
         | I'm not familiar with how the Reserve Bank of New Zealand
         | operates, but if it's anything like our federal reserve, the
         | country belongs to the bank, and not the other way around.
        
           | matteotom wrote:
           | The Fed is designed to be independent from the whims of any
           | individual politician, but it still exists due to an act of
           | congress, and could be changed at any time by congress
           | passing a law and the president signing it. And if that
           | can't/doesn't happen, it's because _congress_ doesn't
           | represent the people of the United States.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | Edit: As was pointed out, I didn't read the comment I
             | replied to in the best light.
             | 
             | As such, I'm deleting the original text, since I can't
             | delete this comment any more.
             | 
             | My apologies.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | That is an extremely curious reading of the comment you
               | are responding to, given that it appeared they were just
               | arguing that if people _want_ to change the Fed, and it
               | doesn 't happen, _then_ that would show Congress doesn 't
               | represent the people of the US.
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | > if that can't/doesn't happen, it's because _congress_
             | doesn't represent the people of the United States.
             | 
             | You're just saying the same thing with different words. If
             | the Fed or the congress doesn't represent the people it
             | doesn't make any difference to the elite class, who indeed
             | own these two entities.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | The distinction is significant though, there mechanisms
               | to limit the fed's power if it's necessary, even if those
               | levers and dials are not being currently used.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | The Fed is independent because things generally go terribly
           | when it's not independent. The people who control fiscal
           | policy don't do a good job of monetary policy.
           | 
           | If this causes worse problems (which it may but hasn't yet)
           | things will simply be changed again.
        
           | prottog wrote:
           | > the federal reserve does not belong to the USA
           | 
           | Come now, that's legal fiction designed to maintain the
           | independence of the Fed. Congress created the Federal Reserve
           | System and could remove it or twist it to whatever shape it
           | sees fit tomorrow if it wants.
           | 
           | There's a good argument to be made that the Fed ran easy-
           | money policies for too long in 2021 in order to secure Chair
           | Powell's reappointment in early 2022; this gives you a clue
           | as to who they are in fact beholden to, despite their nominal
           | independence.
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | Clear as custard.
        
         | happymellon wrote:
         | Assuming you are American, do you also get confused with Bank
         | of America, or US Bank?
         | 
         | Most countries have a retail bank that uses the name of the
         | country or region, even if they aren't the central bank.
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | England, France, Spain, Germany and Italy have f"Bank of
           | {country}" as central bank. I stopped looking after these 5.
        
             | happymellon wrote:
             | And you would also be wrong.
             | 
             | The German central bank is The Deutsche Bundesbank,which
             | literally means "German Federal Bank" not "Bank of
             | Germany".
        
               | Strom wrote:
               | Interestingly they don't seem to translate their name in
               | their English material, they just continue using the
               | German name.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Many central banks are named "Bank of <Country Name>", like
           | Bank of England (for historical reasons not Bank of UK), Bank
           | of Germany, Bank of France (Banque de France) or Bank of
           | Spain (Banco de Espana). If we had a private "Bank of The
           | United States", then yes, that would be confusing, but no
           | official institutions are named "BlahBlah of America".
           | 
           | Also, the fact that the official central bank is so close at
           | "The Reserve Bank of New Zealand" makes it more confusing for
           | those unfamiliar.
        
             | WillPostForFood wrote:
             | _no official institutions are named "BlahBlah of America"._
             | 
             | The only one I can think of is Voice of America. Definitely
             | none of the major departments or agencies.
        
             | happymellon wrote:
             | The German central bank is The Deutsche Bundesbank,which
             | literally means "German Federal Bank" not "Bank of
             | Germany".
        
               | iggldiggl wrote:
               | Also regarding the putative "Bank of Germany" - in German
               | "Deutsche Bank" (literally "German Bank") sounds more
               | natural than "Bank von Deutschland" (if you literally
               | translate "Bank of Germany"), and there actually _is_ a
               | "Deutsche Bank", but it is a private entity (and always
               | has been).
        
               | happymellon wrote:
               | Indeed, which is why I found it very odd that the two
               | people who tried to argue that it is common then used
               | Germany.
        
           | Dracophoenix wrote:
           | Oddly enough, the originating bank that formed what is now
           | known as Bank of America was founded under the name Bank of
           | Italy. So it can get even more confusing.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | "Central bankers are extremely measured in their comments" is
         | usually true, but it's a funny thing to say about New Zealand,
         | because the reason the US and other countries have a 2%
         | inflation target is almost literally because a New Zealand
         | central banker made it up off the top of his head on TV once.
         | 
         | This works okayish but, you know, could be better. (Some more
         | explanation at https://someunpleasant.substack.com/p/the-prime-
         | directive.)
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > Bank of New Zealand
         | 
         | And here is the funny bit, it's Australian owned. If it's
         | anything like the rest of the market which is dominated by
         | Australian banks, it'll pay some old kiwiana type music when
         | you are on hold and say 'Kia Ora' or similar at regular
         | intervals. Kiwi as.
        
           | shakna wrote:
           | Similarly, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia sounds like a
           | government bank, and in fact even began as one, but is
           | actually privitised. They also happen to be the sole owners
           | for New Zealand's ASB - So that one is also Australian!
        
           | thecoppinger wrote:
           | If I had a dollar for every time I've had to listen to Six60
           | while on hold, I'd be rich enough to start a bank.
        
       | mmazing wrote:
       | Wow! That's a lot of variable rate or only temporarily fixed rate
       | mortgages!
       | 
       | I'm certainly no expert in all of this, how does that stack up
       | with other countries data?
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Most countries don't have long-term fixed-rate mortgages. The
         | US does because the federal government subsidizes them as a
         | matter of housing policy.
        
         | strangattractor wrote:
         | The UK s similar.
        
         | zinckiwi wrote:
         | In my experience the concept of a 30-year fixed mortgage is
         | uniquely (or close to it) American. Certainly in NZ anything
         | beyond a two-year fix is rare.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Which, as an American, seems wild. How many people are
           | prepared to have their mortgage go up 2x to 3x just a few
           | years--which doesn't even require an increase to especially
           | outrageous rates from historically low interest rates?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's somewhere between US fixed-loan buying and month-to-
             | month renting. It can go up but you can plan for that,
             | basically by buying less house than "the maximum".
        
             | jemmyw wrote:
             | Banks are supposed to stress test customers to that kind of
             | rate. Not sure how successful that is. I know we thought
             | about it and moved pretty far out in order to afford the
             | home we wanted without stretching our budget to the limit.
             | Most of our peers stretched themselves to the absolute
             | limit they could afford.
        
             | Tiktaalik wrote:
             | Variable rates are bad in those rare years where rates
             | spike upwards, but the data shows that in general, variable
             | rate mortgages are more affordable than fixed rate
             | mortgages (which are a premium), which is why they're
             | pretty popular.
             | 
             | The thing that makes them not painful in bad times is that
             | often the payments stay fixed, and the extra interest is
             | tacked onto the end (meaning that you are gaining more to
             | pay). (you can get a mortgage where the payments do
             | immediately change as the rate changes)
             | 
             | That being said it is possible to hit the "trigger rate"
             | where your fixed monthly payments are no longer even
             | covering interest alone, and then the bank will give you a
             | call to make your payments go up.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | (In the US), the thing with fixed rate mortgages is that
               | they're predictable which has a lot of value too even if
               | you could do better with ARM if things align. And if
               | rates go down--not that that was likely over the past at
               | least 10 or so years, you could always refinance to a
               | lower rate. I did have a home equity line of credit for a
               | while--which was variable--but fortunately during a
               | pretty low interest rate period.
        
             | dbetteridge wrote:
             | Well it's not like you have a choice...
             | 
             | Most banks will give 5 years fixed at maximum and the
             | interest rates were always higher than variable.
             | 
             | Most people signing for the variable rates didn't expect
             | this sort of massive increase within a year, given its been
             | fairly low for a decade.
        
             | allannienhuis wrote:
             | I suspect many homeowners with a bit of equity would adjust
             | their ammortization period to keep their payments
             | affordable, and then re-adjust it again if rates drop a few
             | years later. When it's time to renew your mortgage you
             | usually have quite a bit of flexibilty.
             | 
             | The people that get hurt the most with increasing interest
             | rates are new home buyers with high-ratio loans, with their
             | amortization already at the maximum. There are definitely
             | some people who get caught in that squeeze and are forced
             | to downsize or right out of the market by those conditions.
        
             | zinckiwi wrote:
             | As another commenter said, no choice. That's just how it
             | works. Conversely, we're confused why banks in the US are
             | willing to do a 30-year fix in the first place. That's an
             | awfully long time into an unknown future to commit to
             | anything, especially in an industry so conservative and
             | ruthless as banking.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'm sensing this tremendous tension and anxiety in Canada too.
       | Hopefully our energy sector will buoy things a bit so they don't
       | get too terrible.
        
         | myth_drannon wrote:
         | They just posted the job numbers for October and it was +100k,
         | blew through the roof. All this doom and gloom is to push the
         | central banks to calm down and stop raising the rates.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Is the energy sector mining, drilling, oil and gas? If that's
         | the way out of financial strife, that's depressing.
        
           | Tiktaalik wrote:
           | Tech industry in bc employs more people than all the mining
           | oil and gas combined.
           | 
           | The importance of the traditional resource industries feels
           | like an out of date meme leveraged for political reasons.
           | It's not the future for Canada.
        
             | fdsafdewe wrote:
             | You'd be amazed at how many "traditional resources" it
             | takes to manufacture CPUs and other semiconductors.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | BC's biggest exports is still Coal, and then Lumber. I'm
             | sure Natural gas will be added to that list shortly.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That may be true, but at a significant cost. Skilled
               | labour contributing to GDP is rather more useful than
               | trashing the place and making a quick dollar. Just
               | comparing the dollars masks this.
        
           | soperj wrote:
           | We're still a resource extraction economy in Canada. If it's
           | not oil & gas, it's timber, mining, water, fish, food. You
           | look at every major export from any province in Canada and
           | it's mostly resources. Ontario is cars, which I'm not sure is
           | any better.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | All of that and more. I just mean, a buoy that rises with
           | rising energy prices to lessen the blow of an energy crisis.
           | 
           | Indeed, it's pretty !@#$ing awful that that's the condition.
        
           | cgh wrote:
           | I understand the hesitance to rely on oil and gas, but what's
           | wrong with mining?
        
             | Tiktaalik wrote:
             | it's enormously destructive to animal habitats, can poison
             | water supplies.
             | 
             | https://thenarwhal.ca/for-decades-b-c-failed-to-address-
             | sele...
        
         | olliej wrote:
         | This is a standard pro business publication that posts
         | sensationalist headlines with regularity, and believes the only
         | way an economy can function is by not having taxes and letting
         | businesses do whatever they want whenever they want.
         | 
         | With that background we can see that they will always want to
         | be able to run headlines like this, whether they're right or
         | wrong. So I wouldn't worry about things based solely on
         | headlines from organizations like this, any more than I'd put
         | all my trust in economic forecasts from "The Marx Community
         | Paper" :D
         | 
         | I'm similarly wary of banks own forecasts given their track
         | record of being opposed to any economic policy that doesn't
         | increase their own profit margin.
         | 
         | Honestly I would kill for the big important government measures
         | for inflation, etc to only account for say the 80-90yh
         | percentile of tax residents.
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | I (Canadian) had to call our mortgage advisor about something
         | unrelated to the rate hikes, but they said people are losing it
         | because their 30 year mortgage now has a 40+ amortization
         | period due to the payments on the mortgage staying the same but
         | the rates going way up. If rates don't stabilize it is going to
         | be a bloodbath once peoples 5 year terms are up. You can easily
         | see your monthly payments double.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-11-04 23:02 UTC)