[HN Gopher] Crypto trading firm Alameda Research might be insolvent
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Crypto trading firm Alameda Research might be insolvent
        
       Author : janmo
       Score  : 238 points
       Date   : 2022-11-04 10:44 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dirtybubblemedia.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dirtybubblemedia.substack.com)
        
       | cryptoanon wrote:
       | I really do not like this article and the discourse here for
       | several reasons:
       | 
       | 1. The entire Coindesk article lacks meaningful substance. For
       | instance, we have zero idea about what those $7.4 billion of
       | "loans" are. It's really irresponsible to say that they're
       | insolvent. If you believe, so, you are applying no more rigor to
       | your understanding of the space than the idiots who say HODL YOLO
       | HFSP. If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
       | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda but the
       | lender!
       | 
       | 2. The entire article paints a dire picture based off of their
       | appraisal of the assets. Again, nobody has any idea of what the
       | liabilities truly are, so to speculate that Alameda is insolvent
       | is making an unfounded leap. But the author of the article tries
       | to lead us to believe that it's an OK leap to make, because their
       | assets are trash! Wrong. It's lazy, it's pandering to a certain
       | crowd, and it's dishonest.
       | 
       | 3. Before reflecting on their extremely, extremely short handed
       | analysis, they take their unfounded conclusions further and spin
       | it through a prior framework that they made for Celsius, which is
       | a totally different type of company with a totally different set
       | of liabilities. Alameda does not lend money to retail. The author
       | pulls a sleight of hand by taking one misleading statement, and
       | transforming it before the reader can apply any skepticism to the
       | original misleading statement.
       | 
       | 4. Recently there have cropped up a set of anonymous people
       | (otteroooo on Twitter, this guy) who purport themselves as
       | insiders only to reveal themselves to be complete completely
       | ignorant about the topic at hand. A lot of unsavory people have
       | recognized there's a cottage industry in endlessly pounding the
       | table saying that the world is falling and that everything is a
       | scam based off of extremely little public information and no
       | access to any private sources. They are ambulance chasers.
       | 
       | 5. We have a large contingent of people who just read the
       | headline here, and assume, scam! And apply the pre-existing
       | biases to the entire thing, with nothing insightful to add.
       | 
       | *edited some dictation/autocorrect errors
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | This is a popular idea, but it's not just wrong, it's both
         | systematically and personally dangerous. I am entitled to come
         | to conclusions based on the partial information I have. If
         | someone doesn't like those conclusions, it's on them to
         | increase my access to information.
         | 
         | The alternative means that anyone and everyone can hide
         | anything they like behind partial information, then declare any
         | suspicions baseless and groundless based on their own hiding of
         | information.
         | 
         | I speak only to this. Whether the linked article did a _good
         | job_ of their analysis I don 't know. I'm just saying, the idea
         | that people are not entitled to come to conclusions based on
         | partial information is not valid. The conclusions come to
         | should be hedged and made with the understanding that
         | information is partial, but there is no obligation to not come
         | to them. Otherwise you're obligating yourself to walk naked
         | into almost any old scam you can imagine. This idea doesn't
         | scale out into the real world where people happily abuse this.
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | > I'm just saying, the idea that people are not entitled to
           | come to conclusions based on partial information is not
           | valid.
           | 
           | It's possible to get scammed by a person that's telling you
           | that something is a scam. That's an affinity scam.
           | 
           | I'm not trying to tell you what to think. I'm saying that
           | there are material flaws in the analysis.
        
             | tucnak wrote:
             | Don't worry, your critique is fair and square, what you
             | have to understand is that you probably piss a fair amount
             | of people here already by virtue of your username alone!
             | Cue takes on how "affinity scam" somehow doesn't apply &
             | even more contrarian moaning re: crypto bad.
        
           | FoomFries wrote:
           | What we are entitled to do, what is polite to do and what we
           | can do for clickthroughs are three different things. Coming
           | to conclusions on partial information may as well be jumping
           | to them in many circumstances. The ideal approach would be to
           | add a disclaimer of where the fact to supposition
           | transitions, and if the conclusion is sensible at least
           | source similar cases.
           | 
           | If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck it's probably
           | a duck. Or a duck robot, or my kid running around with my
           | phone again imitating a duck while watching duck YouTube
           | videos.
           | 
           | Whatever the conclusion, state facts but don't state
           | conclusions as facts.
        
             | asdajksah2123 wrote:
             | Except in the real world if people are actually putting
             | their money down based on what those conclusions might be,
             | you have to jump to something.
             | 
             | And the right thing to do is to jump to the most likely one
             | based on the information available to you (adjusted for the
             | consequences if you're wrong).
             | 
             | In this case, the most likely conclusion appears to be
             | based on the info presented that it may be insolvent, and
             | further, acting as if it is insolvent means you lose on
             | limited upside if you're wrong, but avoid significant
             | downside if you're right.
             | 
             | If Alameda is not a fan of this conclusion and if it's
             | gaining traction in the community they can refute whatever
             | might be wrong in the analysis and if nothing is wrong,
             | provide the additional missing information that will
             | correct the conclusion.
             | 
             | This is what CEOs and CFOs for public companies do
             | everyday. Present their company's thesis to the public and
             | refute analysts' theses where they think they're either
             | wrong and/or don't have sufficient information. Why do you
             | think they take so much time out of their schedules to do
             | interviews on Bloomberg, CNBC, etc.
             | 
             | Alameda doesn't need to go down that route, but that
             | doesn't mean independent analysis with conclusions based on
             | incomplete information is a faulty process.
        
         | aabhay wrote:
         | The loans are outstanding loans given to Alameda. This article
         | is assessing the balance sheet, so assets (various junk coins)
         | and liabilities (loans)
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | I think that Alameda should release its actual numbers, rather
         | than to keep them private. Sunlight is the best disinfectant to
         | these types of rumours.
         | 
         | Right now I think that your response isn't any more credible
         | than these other posts.
        
         | HelloNurse wrote:
         | > If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
         | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda but
         | the lender!
         | 
         | Fair point, but why do you seem to think you are defending
         | Alameda? Collateralizing loans from fools with your own brand
         | of worthless bullshit is the very definition of a Ponzi scheme.
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | What if the loans are minted DAI? How is that a Ponzi?
        
             | HelloNurse wrote:
             | _Loans_ are money. _Collaterals_ can be  "minted DAI",
             | whatever it is, or anything else that a fool can be
             | convinced is valuable: that is the opportunity for Ponzi
             | schemes.
        
             | mring33621 wrote:
             | Please explain further what this means and how it helps.
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | The current circulating supply of DAI is slightly above 6B,
             | so what you claimed is literally impossible.
             | 
             | The average case scenario is some of it is ponzi mixed in
             | with other non ponzi, and in my book I'll call even a "10%
             | ponzi", a ponzi scheme. Maybe you have a different bar to
             | calling something a ponzi, so knock yourself out.
        
           | paulusthe wrote:
           | It's not a fair point. If Alameda goes down, then ftx goes
           | down, and if ftx goes down and is clearly wash trading (the
           | most interesting finding in the article imo), then prices
           | will plummet.
           | 
           | It's not just a problem for the bank, it's threatening to the
           | crypto ecosystem. Just as it would be if the binance tether
           | thing ever implodes
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | SilverBirch wrote:
         | >If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
         | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda but
         | the lender!
         | 
         | Ok, this is kind of a fair point, if these loans are
         | collateralized by the assets, then it's the lenders who have a
         | problem. But that does actually mean there's someone out there
         | who is going to get absolutely mugged. It's also a bit of a
         | question who, other than some other SBF entity, would make
         | these loans - who is accepting FTT as collateral? It also means
         | that you need to apply that logic to their assets, meaning
         | their supposed $14.6Bn you probably need to regard around $12Bn
         | minimum to be absolutely worthless.
         | 
         | I would absolutely not say they for sure insolvent, but these
         | numbers do clearly look very worrying.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | The guy that wrote it, Dirty Bubble, was big on the Celsius
         | expose train and he is trying to strike gold again. Idk how
         | accurate any of it is though but that's Dirty Bubble's history
         | and backstory. Kind of like FatMan and Luna. They want to stay
         | relevant and get the next "big scoop".
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | They gladly and unapologetically have posted fake material
           | for engagement
           | https://twitter.com/otteroooo/status/1548010114136715264
        
             | vgatherps wrote:
             | Is this otteroooo trying to get famous again under a new
             | name?
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > 4. Recently they have cropped up a set of anonymous people
         | who purport themselves to be insiders only to reveal complete
         | ignorance about the topic at hand (otteroo on Twitter, for
         | instance).
         | 
         | Can you clarify this? By "they" do you mean this Substack? I
         | didn't see anything about "otteroo" or Twitter insiders in a
         | quick search of the Substack, but I didn't exhaustively search
         | the entire backlog.
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | I mean this guy as well as a bunch of people on Twitter who
           | have been clout chasing ambulance chasers, running over the
           | truth to chase a story.
           | 
           | The formula is this: 1. Create an helpful explainer thread to
           | explain some crisis (ex-post)
           | 
           | 2. Start to make vague predictions about relatively easy to
           | predict things (like that Celsius is going to go down, a
           | couple days before it technically goes down).
           | 
           | 3. Refer your readers back to your foresightedness
           | 
           | 4. Get extremely excited as you receive DMs from people to
           | check out x or y.
           | 
           | 5. Lock your eyes on a juicy new company and start to make
           | unfounded claims about said company, referring to a sole
           | rando as a "source" (eg Nexo is insolvent!)
           | 
           | 6. Create an expose on your new target, run shoddy analysis
           | based on no actual data, and throw it into a larger
           | conspiratorial framework that starts to implicate other
           | actors.
           | 
           | 7. All the while, build a captive audience who doesn't know
           | the better and eventually use that audience to run ads or to
           | pay for your newsletter.
           | 
           | 8. They can run this affinity scam because 1. What they say
           | is not falsifiable, 2. you have an infinite timescale for
           | which to be correct about any one company going bankrupt, 3.
           | there are people out there who are earnestly trying to learn
           | about the market and don't know who to turn to, and 4. if
           | you're wrong, you're not accountable to your actions because
           | there was never any actual money on the line.
           | 
           | There are serious issues in the industry, do not get me
           | wrong. It's kind of messed up that people who have no
           | connections have to look into the void and decide whether
           | they're going to trust an internet rando or nobody at all.
           | Disclosures need to be better. But the people writing these
           | sensationalist pieces are part of the problem and not the
           | solution.
        
             | wokwokwok wrote:
             | > if you're wrong, you're not accountable to your actions
             | because there was never any actual money on the line.
             | 
             | I mean, that's the risk you run right?
             | 
             | Either you're a regulated system where you can avoid this
             | kind of thing, or you're an unregulated system where you go
             | 'screw the man', but you don't get the protections that are
             | associated with the traditional financial system.
             | 
             | There's some deep irony about complaining about it; isn't
             | the 'good' thing about crypto?
             | 
             | That's what people keep telling me anyway.
        
               | tender_euler wrote:
               | >> if you're wrong, you're not accountable to your
               | actions because there was never any actual money on the
               | line.
               | 
               | > I mean, that's the risk you run right?
               | 
               | > Either you're a regulated system where you can avoid
               | this kind of thing, or you're an unregulated system where
               | you go 'screw the man', but you don't get the protections
               | that are associated with the traditional financial
               | system.
               | 
               | He does not mean companies operating in the unregulated
               | crypto space. He means the author of articles like this
               | one.
        
             | guelo wrote:
             | > What they say is not falsifiable
             | 
             | It's easily falsifiable by Alameda
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | Dude you sound like the saddest most desperate FTT bag
             | holder of all time. Did you lose your house and did your
             | wife leave you or what...
        
               | cryptoanon wrote:
               | I have no interest in Sam, Sam coins, or the cult of Sam.
        
               | adamsmith143 wrote:
               | Well for having 0 interest you seem to be spending non 0
               | time defending him, his coins and his former hedge fund.
        
             | bhouston wrote:
             | "If it wasn't for these damn twitter personalities messing
             | up the plans, they would have gotten away with it."
             | 
             | You sound like a Scooby Doo villain. If these companies are
             | not run well, they can be brought down by mere twitter
             | personalities. This is a stress test. Those who are run
             | well, will survive this.
             | 
             | Another analogy: If you build a house out of straw (because
             | you cut corners) should you blame the big bad wolf who can
             | just blow it down?
        
               | cryptoanon wrote:
               | Sure you can say this is a stress test - I'm just saying
               | it's misinformation. I am annoyed by people who spread
               | misinformation for clout. Applies to both the bullish
               | credit and the bearish crowd.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | You cannot complain something is misinformation without
               | offering information to counter it. That never works,
               | will never work. The only reason an article like this,
               | speculative or not, has wind to it's sails because crypto
               | is not regulated like equity and companies like Alameda
               | does not have to publish regular financial reports that
               | classic market participants moving billions of "dollars"
               | have to publish.
        
               | cryptoanon wrote:
               | What if I saw military helicopters flying above and told
               | others "war has broken out!" I see how you can say that's
               | not misinformation, but wild speculation. For me, it's
               | both.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | Turn on a TV. No news about a war? No war. Unless you
               | think there is a deeper conspiracy to keeping a war
               | secret.
               | 
               | There you go, some really simple sources of information
               | to counter your misinformation.
        
               | boc wrote:
               | You have no evidence that this post is misinformation.
               | You're just choosing to believe it's untrue.
        
               | cryptoanon wrote:
               | I do not have the burden of proof.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | No, Alameda/SBF does. And they haven't said anything
               | about it. People are free to draw their conclusions from
               | that.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | adamsmith143 wrote:
         | >1. The entire Coindesk article lacks meaningful substance. For
         | instance, we have zero idea about what those $7.4 billion of
         | "loans" are. It's really irresponsible to say that they're
         | insolvent. If you believe, so, you are applying no more rigor
         | to your understanding of the space than the idiots who say HODL
         | YOLO HFSP. If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on
         | their balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda
         | but the lender!
         | 
         | Doesn't take a genius to figure out why a hedge fund needs 7B
         | in loans. They aren't a tech giant expanding in a new direction
         | or acquiring competitors. It's pretty clear why a hedge fund
         | needs a massive cash infusion. Also interesting that they
         | collateralize the loans with Tokens majority owned by Alameda
         | and FTX so it's unlikely were they forced to liquidate to pay
         | off their loans that they could get any where near the quoted
         | value of the tokens.
        
           | vgatherps wrote:
           | I'm assuming you are implying that alameda is taking loans to
           | cover insolvency?
           | 
           | There are plenty of reasons why a trading firm takes loans
           | (it's also possible the FTT is structured as a long,
           | inflating said number)
           | 
           | 1. I want to short X, but don't actually have X. I borrow X
           | and sell it.
           | 
           | 2. I want to sell X and buy a derivative paying people who
           | are long the derivative. Goto step 2.
           | 
           | 3. I want to trade X but don't know how ahead of time, so i
           | need inventory of X in case I want to sell RIGHT NOW. I don't
           | want to actually have exposure to a ton of X, so I borrow it
           | instead. Very common for a market maker like alameda,
           | although there's no way they actually need billions of
           | collateral for market making purposes.
           | 
           | 4. I can borrow X, and put it in a defi yield farm for a
           | better rate than what I borrowed it for.
           | 
           | 5. I have a ton of Y, and I don't have any plans to use it
           | soon. I put Y up as collateral to borrow X which I can
           | meaningfully trade. This gets you in a lot of trouble when Y
           | values goes down and X doesn't. Say "Four Bullets
           | Investments" has some BTC, they post BTC as collateral to
           | borrow dollars, and use that to buy more BTC. Then BTC goes
           | down a lot - oops!
           | 
           | Not making value judgements on what risks are and aren't
           | entailed here, just pointing out that there are reasons aside
           | from covering losses. 1-3+5 equally apply in tradfi as well.
           | 
           | The really interesting thing, which you touched upon, is to
           | what extent are they collateralising loans with FTT.
           | COllateralising loans with a coin you hold isn't unusual at
           | all, but what's unusual is that the potential FTT collateral
           | size is monstrous compared to realistic available liquidity
           | minus alameda.
           | 
           | Posting BTC is one thing since there are liquid spot markets
           | trading billions a day, not to mention derivatives. But FTT?
           | Good luck liquidation even 10-20MM without moving markets a
           | lot.
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | > If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
         | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda but
         | the lender!
         | 
         | No, the risk is to both Alameda _and_ the lender. An
         | undercollateralized loan doesn't just go away. It's partially
         | secured and partially unsecured debt.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zby wrote:
         | > If the liabilities are collateralized by assets on their
         | balance sheet, then the financial risk is not to Alameda but
         | the lender!
         | 
         | What does that mean? How collateralization changes Alameda
         | risk?
         | 
         | It reduces the lender risk a bit - but it does not touch the
         | borrower risk at all:
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp
         | 
         | "In the event that the borrower does default, the lender can
         | seize the collateral and sell it, applying the money it gets to
         | the unpaid portion of the loan. The lender can choose to pursue
         | legal action against the borrower to recoup any balance
         | remaining."
        
           | guelo wrote:
           | That depends on the terms of the loans. Can be recourse or
           | non-recourse.
        
             | zby wrote:
             | Right - but it looks like an exception not the standard
             | way:
             | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonrecoursedebt.asp
             | Would you expect the Alameda loans to be non-recourse?
        
           | moomin wrote:
           | I think OP is assuming things work the way US mortgages work,
           | where you can walk away from the house. I think OP is
           | labouring under a misapprehension here.
        
         | standeven wrote:
         | The title of the article is not "Alameda Research is
         | Insolvent!". Instead it poses the question, "Is Alameda
         | Research Insolvent?". Depending on the unknown liabilities, it
         | very well could be.
        
         | ikeboy wrote:
         | ZachXBT has repeatedly accused people with little to no
         | evidence, he's a step up from most of the anon FUD accounts but
         | by no means perfect.
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | You're right. I edited that in later but I'm going to take it
           | out. He's made some pretty damning accusations based on
           | circumstantial evidence.
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | Alameda's story has many parallels with Celcius (and 3AC): if
         | something happens that proves Alameda is insolvent, will you
         | return to this analysis and hold the same viewpoint, that it's
         | unhelpful to consider that their solvency may well hinge on
         | value of illiquid nonsense assets? The problem Celcius had was
         | not that they were lending to retail, it's that their entire
         | investment thesis was based on insane bets with capital
         | borrowed from retail investors. Celcius, Hodlnaut etc. were
         | "lending" and "investing" with "credible" players like 3AC (who
         | had a mythology much like Alameda's before they imploded).
         | 
         | Yes, some skepticism is required when considering whether or
         | not Alameda is insolvent (or at risk of becoming insolvent) but
         | the analysis is helpful in highlighting why Alameda might be at
         | risk.
        
           | cryptoanon wrote:
           | 3AC had been packed to the gills with uncollateralized loans.
           | Since then, most lenders have recalled loans and cleaned up
           | their toxic balance sheet.
        
             | RuggedPineapple wrote:
             | When it's collateralized with crypto it's uncollateralized.
             | 3AC learned this. Like half the exchanges have learned this
             | over the last year. There is no inherent value in any of
             | them, there is no hard floor of assets, as the market
             | continues to tank that 'collateral' becomes/remains
             | worthless. It's turtles all the way down.
        
               | vgatherps wrote:
               | The 3AC saga wasn't because crypto collateralisation
               | turned out to be bogus, it was just that lenders gave
               | them un/undercollateralized loans. Their downbringing was
               | taking cash liabilities, on leverage (the
               | un/ndercollateralized part), and using that to make risky
               | bets. They took a ton of leverage to bet that the
               | GBTC/BTC spread would close (but it widened, a friend of
               | mine called this killing them over a year in advance),
               | iirc positions in stETH/ETH spreads, illiquid (but very
               | profitable...) vc investments, as well as just going long
               | crypto.
        
             | phphphphp wrote:
             | 3AC was a prop trading firm flush with cash... until the
             | curtain was lifted and it turns out it was just a big
             | fraud. Alameda is a prop firm flush with cash...
             | 
             | Why do you assume that Alameda isn't "packed to the gills"
             | with financial gremlins?
             | 
             | If you asked anybody in the space about 3AC or Alameda 12
             | months ago, you'd have heard the same thing about them:
             | prop trading firms that have been hugely successful
             | investing their own money and thus have billions upon
             | billions of self-generated money to invest. Today, 3AC is
             | gone and we are now discovering Alameda has huge
             | liabilities and (potentially) mostly junk assets.
             | 
             | What's a bigger leap: Alameda is like 3AC, or that the
             | information we've seen so far isn't representative and
             | actually alameda are doing great?
        
               | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
               | Alameda is helmed by quants from Jane Street etc., they
               | are supposed to do better with regard to risk management,
               | forecasting, bet sizing. Their whole M.O. is that they
               | are smarter and actually do math and that is the source
               | of their success.
               | 
               | https://www.alameda-research.com/our-team
               | 
               | Whether that is true or not, I don't know. But from their
               | tweets and podcasts it does seem they approach things
               | very differently and in a way that makes sense.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | LTCM was also helmed by some smart guys who did a lot of
               | math and understood risk management...
        
               | adamsmith143 wrote:
               | Sounds like Enron, turned out great for them too.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | _they are supposed to do better with regard to risk
               | management, forecasting, bet sizing._
               | 
               | According to who? Themselves?
        
               | neilc wrote:
               | > Alameda is helmed by quants from Jane Street etc.,
               | 
               | The CEO worked at Jane Street for less than 18 months and
               | appears to have had a fairly junior role there. I'm sure
               | they are smart folks but there's a limit to how much you
               | can learn in 18 months, in your first job after college.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | Nobody is leaving Jane Street after 18 months - straight
               | out of college, of their own accord.
        
               | eldenwrong wrote:
               | What are you implying?
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | My statement is clear with no implications at all.
        
               | tough wrote:
               | He was fired
        
               | shorthistory wrote:
               | Is that a fact, or are you stating that is the
               | implication of the parent comment?
        
               | tough wrote:
               | The latter, I didn't even read TFA.
               | 
               | Sorry if my prior message was confusing, but why would a
               | top tier company let go one of their best performers
               | after just a half and a year out fresh of college?
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Huh? Leaving Jane Street to start crypto trading isn't
               | what I would do, but it seems to have worked out well for
               | them. Why does that suggest they didn't choose to leave?
        
               | shorthistory wrote:
               | Was it only 18 months?
               | 
               | Wikipedia states: ...he returned there full-time after
               | graduating [in 2014]. In September 2017, Bankman-Fried
               | quit Jane Street...
               | 
               | Seems closer to 3 years, but it doesn't state whether he
               | started there immediately after graduating or not.
               | 
               | What do you suggest are the reasons for his leaving?
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | GP was talking about the CEO of Alameda, who, according
               | to page linked by GGP, is
               | 
               | > Caroline Ellison, CEO > Before joining Alameda in 2018,
               | Caroline worked at Jane Street as a trader on the
               | equities desk.
               | 
               | You seem to be talking about SBF.
        
               | cryptoanon wrote:
               | I'm not saying alameda is not insolvent. Im saying that
               | the burden of proof is on the author to prove that they
               | are insolvent.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | That is the craziest proposition that I have heard today.
               | The author posited a hypothesis based on whatever public
               | information they could gather. Either Alameda comes out
               | to refute it, or they don't (they haven't yet, as far as
               | I know), in which case people can draw their own
               | conclusion. The fact that SBF, one of the most outspoken
               | mouthpieces of the crypto boom, has chosen to remain
               | silent, provides some circumstantial evidence at best.
               | But this is not a court of law, it's investigative
               | journalism, which I think is the part you're missing.
        
               | vgatherps wrote:
               | A point that is getting missed is that nobody knows what
               | the liabilities are. At one extreme, if the liabilities
               | are all cash, alameda is in a dire place. At the other,
               | if the liabilities are just the tokens on their balance
               | sheet, there's nothing particularly interesting.
               | 
               | Any statement a bout their insolvency is a statement
               | about their liabilities, which is just speculation.
        
               | ethanbond wrote:
               | Good news for crypto world that there are still people
               | like yourself, I suppose. It's quite the strategy to
               | assume everything with Entity X is above board based on
               | the (intentional) lack of information and then when it
               | turns out to be a scam, there's Entity Y where you can
               | place the same assumption of legitimacy based on the same
               | intentional lack of transparency.
        
               | kibwen wrote:
               | _" There's a sucker minted every ten minutes."_
               | 
               | ~ P.T. Nakamoto
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | "This time is different [even though all the publicly-
               | available evidence thus far indicates it's exactly the
               | same]" is the calling card of the crypto booster who
               | desperately needs the music to keep playing so they're
               | not holding the bag.
        
             | xwolfi wrote:
             | How ?
        
       | ecommerceguy wrote:
       | I'm curious, does a definitive list of crypto scams exist?
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | Although the name is about web3, https://web3isgoinggreat.com/
         | is pretty comprehensive in covering all areas of crypto.
        
         | acc_297 wrote:
         | scam is hard to define and people have different definitions
         | subject to some bias but here is maybe what you're after
         | 
         | https://web3isgoinggreat.com/
        
       | HelloNurse wrote:
       | > Total liabilities: $8 billion, of which $7.4 billion is
       | "loans,"
       | 
       | $7.4 billion's worth of fools. What a large market!
        
         | janmo wrote:
         | They only had $154m in cash equivalent, the rest of their
         | assets was in illiquid crap.
        
           | HelloNurse wrote:
           | Of course. The problem is lending genuine money to an
           | organization designed around turning money (in the best case)
           | into illiquid crap.
        
       | dcolkitt wrote:
       | As someone in the industry, it's almost certainly _not_.
       | 
       | First very simple point, to become insolvent you have to actually
       | take a loss somewhere. They may have a lot of junk tokens on
       | their balance sheet, and these tokens may be overmarked, but
       | Alameda's cost basis (most of them were from seed rounds) is
       | still _way_ below their current value.
       | 
       | With Three Arrows it was very obvious where the loss was from,
       | they were hyper-bullish and doubling down on BTC all the way from
       | $69,000 to $18,000 using leverage. By contrast Alameda is
       | notorious for being dollar maxis, constantly taking money off the
       | table, and very rarely having any sort of long-term major beta
       | exposure. (A big reason they have a reputation as mercenaries in
       | the space.)
       | 
       | The second point is that the bulk of their liabilities are in the
       | same tokens on their balance sheet. This is particularly true for
       | the FTT token, almost certainly the FTT on their balance sheet is
       | simply a loan from FTX (which is essentially the same org) to
       | Alameda to make a market on FTT on FTX. Regardless if FTT
       | collapses, it wouldn't matter cause insolvency both the asset and
       | liability side of the balance sheet would go down.
       | 
       | Most likely this is true for much of the rest of their
       | liabilities. Crypto trading firms like Alameda make a huge
       | proportion of their revenue from being "paid market makers" for
       | specific token projects. It's very hard for new tokens to
       | bootstrap liquidity. So the typical arrangement is a token
       | project will "lend" Alameda something like 5% of the supply,
       | which Alameda will use to be a market maker in that token at all
       | of the major venues. Most of the liabilities on their balance
       | sheet are probably these token deals, rather than loans made in
       | hard currency.
        
         | wyxuan wrote:
         | There are FTT denominated loan(s), to MIM for instance, but I'm
         | not sure there are that many others willing to accept FTT given
         | the thin liquidity
        
         | tom-thistime wrote:
         | On 2022 11/4 7:50 am Pacific, this was the top-ranked comment
         | on this article on HN.
        
           | dekervin wrote:
           | Why do you timestamp it ?
        
             | tough wrote:
             | Fear of manual moderation bringing it down?
        
             | forgotmypw17 wrote:
             | I think it is because the comment ranking changes over
             | time, and there is no way (without access to the raw data)
             | to see what comment was ranked where at a given time.
        
             | tom-thistime wrote:
             | I'm attempting to preserve a record of when the views
             | expressed in the comment seemed popular. Opinions can
             | change over time.
        
         | paulusthe wrote:
         | Sure, but at some point real dollars enter the financial
         | equation, backed by these coins, none of which are probably
         | priced correctly to serve as collateral.
         | 
         | The ftt coin is shady as hell though. A 40% trading rebate for
         | holding $1m is insane; that's nothing. And it's not open to
         | anybody touching the US - a blatant attempt to prevent US
         | regulations, which would catch this stuff.
         | 
         | It's very weird for exchange owners to get rich overnight. That
         | doesn't happen in real markets, and it seems to only happen in
         | crypto when the exchange is using customer deposits as leverage
         | (Celsius) or trading on their own account, which means against
         | their customers (binance, probably ftx)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | Why would it be shady? Traditional exchanges like the CME
           | have "seats" that entitle holders to discounts and are sold
           | at hefty prices. FTT is simply a tokenized version of an
           | exchange membership. It makes perfect sense, and is really no
           | different than a Costco membership where paying up front
           | allows you to buy in bulk at a discount.
        
           | dcist wrote:
           | The trading fees for crypto exchanges are also insane, which
           | enriches the exchange operators.
        
         | timmaxw wrote:
         | > First very simple point, to become insolvent you have to
         | actually take a loss somewhere. They may have a lot of junk
         | tokens on their balance sheet, and these tokens may be
         | overmarked, but Alameda's cost basis (most of them were from
         | seed rounds) is still way below their current value.
         | 
         | Hypothetical scenario: Alice invests $100M in seed rounds for a
         | bunch of tokens. The token values go way up, and the holdings
         | are nominally worth $14B. Alice borrows $7B in real dollars.
         | Alice loses those real dollars on other bets. The nominal value
         | of the tokens is still $14B, but Alice can't actually liquidate
         | them for $7B in real dollars. So Alice is functionally unable
         | to pay back the loans.
         | 
         | So Alice took a loss somewhere (on the other bets) and is
         | effectively insolvent, but you can't assess that just by
         | looking at the cost basis of the tokens that Alice still holds.
         | 
         | (I don't know if this actually describes Alameda; it's entirely
         | possible that Alameda's loans are token-denominated as you're
         | saying, in which case Alameda would be solvent. I'm just
         | pointing out that it's more complicated than just looking at
         | the cost basis.)
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the bulk of their liabilities are in the same tokens on
         | their balance sheet_
         | 
         | Do we have evidence of this?
         | 
         | The article says $292mm are FTT-denominated, with the rest
         | unknown. Absent further information, it's fair to assume some
         | of that is dollar denominated. With less than 2% cash to cover
         | liabilities, even a small amount of normal borrowing could
         | render Alameda insolvent.
         | 
         | Moreover, if the losses _are_ entirely passed through, whose
         | are they? That's over $7bn of losses sitting on someone's
         | balance sheets. Are they distributed? Is it FTX's?
        
           | janmo wrote:
           | Alameda has taken loans from Voyager and BlockFi, those are
           | in hard currencies, USD or bluechip crypto such as BTC/ETH.
           | 
           | From Voyager's bankruptcy filing we know Alameda owes them
           | $650m in USD, and hasn't repaid them yet, instead SBF is
           | trying to push forward a shady deal that would allow FTX to
           | take over Voyager's asset.
           | 
           | Deal to which state regulators have filed and objection in
           | bankruptcy court by the way.
        
         | stephc_int13 wrote:
         | "Market Maker"
         | 
         | How is that even legal?
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Their job is to make sure that when you go to a market to buy
           | or sell, there's some trade available for you to take. No
           | reason for illegality.
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | Why would it be illegal .. ?
        
         | kennend3 wrote:
         | > First very simple point, to become insolvent you have to
         | actually take a loss somewhere.
         | 
         | This has absolutely NOTHING to do with being insolvent.
         | 
         | "Insolvency
         | 
         | In accounting, insolvency is the state of being unable to pay
         | the debts, by a person or company, at maturity; those in a
         | state of insolvency are said to be insolvent. There are two
         | forms: cash-flow insolvency and balance-sheet insolvency. "
         | 
         | Insolvency deals with the inability to repay your debts
         | (insufficient cash flow is the most common).
        
           | deetsb wrote:
           | I'd argue balance sheet insolvency is really the most
           | colloquial definition insolvency. You can always sell assets
           | (at a haircut of course) to evade cash flow insolvency
           | (arguably that's closer to illiquidity really), but you can't
           | do anything to get out of balance sheet insolvency except
           | restructure your liabilities.
           | 
           | Alameda being in balance sheet insolvency would depend on
           | their assets taking enough of a hit to wipe out the equity
           | buffer.
           | 
           | To Doug's point the junk tokens are likely at book value on
           | their balance sheet
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | >You can always sell assets (at a haircut of course) to
             | evade cash flow insolvency
             | 
             | If the assets in question are marketable securities (stocks
             | and bonds), traded commodities, or real estate, then that's
             | generally true. If the asset is some shitcoin for which no
             | real market exists, not so much.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _can always sell assets (at a haircut of course) to evade
             | cash flow insolvency (arguably that 's closer to
             | illiquidity really)_
             | 
             | For financial institutions, particularly those with short-
             | term liabilities, illiquidity is insolvency. The initial
             | liquidity depresses prices which marks down the balance
             | sheet.
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | Alice is a trading firm. Alice borrows $1 billion, Alice then
           | uses $1 billion to go out and buy $1 billion of assets. To
           | become insolvent, the value of Alice's assets has to fall
           | below the value of her liabilities. Otherwise, Alice can
           | simply liquidate her assets to repay her debts.
           | 
           | The only way this can happen is if the value of Alice's
           | assets falls below the cost basis in which she purchased
           | those assets (plus some relatively minor short-term secured
           | interested rate). For a trading firm engaged in mark-to-
           | market accounting that condition represents a loss in the
           | income statement. This isn't strange voodoo, this is just
           | simple accounting identities.
        
             | gamblor956 wrote:
             | To put it bluntly: Alice becomes legally and technically
             | insolvent if the market value of the acquired assets falls
             | below $1 billion: the value of the assets is no longer
             | sufficient to pay off the $1 billion loan.
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | So you agree with me? For Alice to become insolvent the
               | price of her assets has to fall below her cost basis.
               | 
               | Alameda's cost basis on Solana is the seed round at
               | approximately ten cents, and it's currently trading at
               | $30. Similar story for all the Solana protocol tokens. I
               | don't know what Alameda's cost basis is on FTT (if it's
               | even holding a significant amount financed with hard
               | currency), but we can almost certainly say it's close to
               | the seed round price because the founder of Alameda is
               | literally the founder of FTX.
               | 
               | To make this story make sense Alameda at one point must
               | have bought some asset that has fallen significantly from
               | its cost basis. What exactly is this supposed asset?
               | Because Alameda certainly isn't known for going out and
               | taken levered long exposure on BTC, ETH or other post-
               | seed liquid tokens.
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | Cost basis has nothing to do with insolvency. If a
               | company is mismanaged badly enough, it can easily become
               | insolvent even if its investments are doing fine.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | No, I don't agree with you.
               | 
               | Solana is only worth $33 right now at the current spot
               | rate, but at the volume that would need to be liquidated
               | to pay off Alameda's debts, the price would crash to
               | pennies because the amount would represent over half of
               | the daily trading volume in Solana for the past month.
               | (For comparison, in the stock market, selling the
               | equivalent a single-digit % of the daily volume of a
               | stock can tank the stock.)
               | 
               | Similarly, Alameda owns 80% of FTT, which has a 24h
               | trading volume of less than 20% of Alameda's debts, and
               | fewer than 250 active daily traders. It would be
               | literally worthless if Alameda tried to liquidate enough
               | to pay off its debts. And as the linked blog points out,
               | FTT is just a shitcoin exchanged between two related
               | entities on their accounting books, meaning that at least
               | $5.8 billion of the value of FTT, i.e., 80% of the
               | putative value, is purely made-up.
               | 
               | OTOH, as the Voyager debt was collateralized entirely
               | with shitcoins, it's possible that the other $7+ billion
               | in Alameda debt was also collateralized in shitcoins. If
               | that's the case, than Alameda should be solvent because
               | it appears they actually have about $100m in cash assets.
               | But if not, they are legally insolvent.
        
               | shorthistory wrote:
               | Still doesn't explain why they are holding $5.8B FTT
        
           | dchftcs wrote:
           | Given the assumption that their balance sheet is liquid
           | enough or they have the cash flow to pay the debts, it's
           | reasonable to say that they have take losses as a trading
           | firm to be potentially insolvent.
           | 
           | In fact you could turn your argument around to critize the
           | article too, as they are based on the assumption that some of
           | the assets should marked to zero, rather than examining
           | empirically whether those assets could be either collateral
           | or be used to pay the debt.
        
           | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
           | More importantly in some jurisdictions (eg: Germany)
           | insolvency is not just a fun little accounting definition but
           | comes with criminal charges if a company doesn't immediately
           | file for insolvency.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | _- internet person says he works in the crypto space_
           | 
           |  _- is actually financially illiterate_
           | 
           | Checks out, sadly.
        
             | shorthistory wrote:
             | Why would a market maker hold so much of an asset.
             | 
             | Market makers do not typically hold $B of anything.
             | 
             | Alameda does not need to borrow so much FTT to make
             | markets.
        
               | amluto wrote:
               | In conventional markets, market makers need the ability
               | to sell that which they make a market in. This can be
               | done by actually owning the asset, by having a credit
               | relationship enabling sales without owning the asset, by
               | naked shorting, etc.
               | 
               | If you can't naked short, and if sales settle effectively
               | immediately (cryptocurrency confirmation may well be
               | _slow_ , but you can't usefully sell something and buy it
               | back using the sale proceeds without confirming or at
               | least generating and signing the transactions), then you
               | need access to the actual token so you can sell it.
               | 
               | In contrast, one can make a market in EUR/USD without
               | actually sitting on a big pile of EUR and USD. In fact,
               | market makers are likely to target an average position of
               | zero in every currency except their home currency unless
               | they are also trying to make some sort of long term bet.
               | Similarly, I doubt you'll find that most market makers
               | in, say, grain futures have warehouses full of grain.
               | (Grain wants to be eaten, not hoarded for the life of a
               | business. Also, making commodity markets is an entirely
               | different business than growing, storing, transporting,
               | and using commodities.)
               | 
               | (This is not trading or market advice, obviously.)
        
             | dcolkitt wrote:
             | I graduated with a degree in finance from Wharton, worked
             | as a quant at Citadel Securities, and have been a high-
             | frequency trader for more than a decade. But I'm more than
             | sure that your credentials at finance or trading are more
             | qualified. :)
        
         | surewhatever1 wrote:
         | > As someone in the industry, ...
         | 
         | It's so delightful that the finance people are coming out all
         | salty!
         | 
         | The number is going down. If you organize your life around this
         | number going up, and it goes down, everyone is going to laugh.
         | 
         | You chose this life!
         | 
         | There is _sometimes some_ meaning in finance _somewhere_. Like
         | _some_ VCs can get some meaning from, a biotech investment
         | makes a great drug that helps people.
         | 
         | But what you chose, there is none. There will be many stages of
         | grief, they do not happen in order or one at a time.
         | 
         | > First very simple point, to become insolvent you have to
         | actually take a loss somewhere.
         | 
         | C'mon dude. Listen to yourself. It's over. This isn't peak
         | cringe but it's getting there.
        
         | shorthistory wrote:
         | FTT 24h volume is ~$100M according to coinmarketcap.com
         | 
         | Alameda hold $5.8B FTT according to the article.
         | 
         | Any market makers able to advise how much is normally held
         | relative to daily volume/mean transaction size?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | This looks more like a dealer book than a classic MM. If
           | they're long $5.8bn and short $5.79bn, their net position is
           | fine. That said, they'd be carrying major counterparty risk.
        
             | shorthistory wrote:
             | 1. They are understood to be classic MM [source?]
             | 
             | 2. Balance sheet shows they are not classic MM
             | 
             | 3. Counterparty is FTX
             | 
             | 4. ...
        
         | janmo wrote:
         | "Most of the liabilities on their balance sheet are probably
         | these token deals, rather than loans made in hard currency."
         | 
         | No... We know that they owe $650m USD to Voyager Digital and
         | they haven't repaid it yet, instead after failing to bail out
         | Voyager, SBF is trying to acquire its assets with a VERY shady
         | scheme through FTX.
         | 
         | We also know that SBF has spent a lot of effort to bail out
         | BlockFi, and I am confident they are one of Alameda's biggest
         | creditor, we know that BlockFi only lends stables, BTC, ETH and
         | a few other bluechip coins, no FTT, MAPS etc...
         | 
         | So everything is indicating that Alameda's liabilities are in
         | USD/BTC/ETH, while their assets are FTT, MAPS, a few SOL and
         | other low liquidity "shitcoins".
         | 
         | Seems like what Alameda was doing is to take out loans to pump
         | some shitcoins and mainly its own (FTT).
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | No. The Voyager loan was denominated in crypto and at current
           | prices represents only $200 million of liabilities (assuming
           | they haven't already repaid).
           | 
           | https://cointelegraph.com/news/alameda-research-happy-to-
           | ret...
        
         | janmo wrote:
         | We know that on Jun 30th Alameda had $134m in liquid assets, at
         | the same time it came out that they owe the bankrupt Voyager
         | Digital around $650m USD.
         | 
         | On Jul 8th Alameda research tweeted: "happy to return the
         | Voyager loan and get our collateral back whenever works for
         | voyager".
         | 
         | Simple question here, how do they return $650m USD, if they
         | only have $134m in liquid assets (cash) and the rest is in
         | illiquid tokens such as FTT, MAPS and other tokens with fancy
         | names and inflated marketcaps?
        
       | lm28469 wrote:
       | Crypto bros caught once again speed running the invention money
       | and its associated scams/schemes
        
       | jwmoz wrote:
       | Alameda completely rinsed retail with their systems and FTX. I've
       | seen their deck and their equity curve is basically a steep
       | linear line upwards.
        
       | vgatherps wrote:
       | EDIT:
       | 
       | Should preface all of this by being very, very, clear that we
       | don't know what the liabilities are so can't judge too much. It's
       | fun to assume their liabilities are cash, but if they've borrowed
       | 2.5bn of "unspecified crypto" as in the report and still have the
       | same "unspecified crypto" borrow is healthy whether or not the
       | price changes. I this it's extremely unlikely all their
       | liabilities are cash.
       | 
       | Surprise surprise, who would have guessed that the trading firm
       | running an exchange might have some special relationship?
       | 
       | It's possible that the FTT is also a liability, loaned from FTX.
       | The book still isn't great but is much healthier in that case.
       | 
       | It's also possible that many of the unspecified crypto collateral
       | is directly borrowed, instead of bought with borrowed cash.
       | 
       | It still leaves a few questions:
       | 
       | * Are they taking delta risks with borrowing funds or not?
       | Borrowing to send into defi/basis has a very different risk
       | profile than taking bets on price.
       | 
       | * is tether cash, or "unspecified crypto held"? Is USDC/BUSD
       | crypto held? Is DAI?
       | 
       | * What lender would bother with the whole FTT song-and-dance
       | instead of just admitting they're giving out effectively
       | uncollateralized loans
       | 
       | * Are lenders in a situation where they know the collateral is no
       | good, but they also know that calling the loans/selling will
       | force the worst case, so they hold on hoping for a way out?
       | 
       | * I doubt any lenders are taking significant maps/oxy/fida
       | collateral. Mega shitcoins from day1
       | 
       | * Is this an arrangement that "made more sense" back in the bull
       | market and now lenders want to call loans and avoid pissing off
       | sbf?
       | 
       | * is sbf so interested in rescuing underwater lenders since he
       | doesn't want them to potentially liquidate giant ftt holdings?
       | 
       | It's hard to come to any serious conclusions here without knowing
       | the nature of their liabilities and the assets backing those (if
       | any).
       | 
       | But then again what's the risk? If you made the coin and
       | basically get to chose the price, why not transmute that into
       | cash? Lending to someone is an implicit OTC bid, and alameda
       | surely gets a better deal in the lending markets than they would
       | selling on exchange. You don't even get the price impact unless
       | the lenders try to liquidate.
        
         | janmo wrote:
         | We know from the Voyager Digital CH11 filing that Alameda owes
         | them $650m USD, and has not repaid them so far, instead FTX the
         | exchange affiliated to Alameda is trying to acquire Voyager
         | digital assets.
         | 
         | I presume that a lot is also owed to BlockFi, which explains
         | why SBF is trying to bail them out so that he doesn't have to
         | repay them.
        
       | boeingUH60 wrote:
       | "Only when the tide goes out do you discover who has been
       | swimming naked." - Warren Buffett.
        
       | gitfan86 wrote:
       | So BTC has been wash traded at 20k for several months now. It is
       | very possible because below 15k loans automatically get called
       | in. Which causes a cascade of defaults and then liquidation of
       | assets.
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Who needs government regulation? Crypto investors do if they
       | don't want to get swindled.
       | 
       | Laws don't prevent crime and regulation is no guarantee either
       | but it does act as a deterrent to the most blatant scams.
        
         | cryptoanon wrote:
         | How is that related to this article?
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | They chose the crypto market for their "flywheel" scheme.
           | Why?
           | 
           | Crypto attracts scammers like flies to crap.
           | 
           | And a big part of the reason is the lack of regulation and
           | transparency.
        
       | xch wrote:
       | Good
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | The title is contradicted by the article itself: if 88% of the
       | firms equity were suddenly worthless (the worst car scenario),
       | that would mean 12% remained. So they're not insolvent...
        
         | rippercushions wrote:
         | The definition of insolvency is not being able to pay your
         | debts. Alameda claims $14.6B in assets vs $8B debts, which
         | means they're solvent. If they actually only have 12% of $14.6
         | = $1.8B, they're way mucho insolvent.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | Only the 5.8bn in FTT is being claimed to be worthless. Not
           | the full 14.6bn in assets.
           | 
           | If that's true (and the article itself lists reasons it isn't
           | true!?), that still leaves 8.8bn in other assets, vs 8.0bn in
           | debts.
           | 
           | The article itself says the same when it says 88% of equity.
           | Equity is assets less debts. So as long as they have any
           | equity left at all, they're not insolvent.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | You assume that during a firesale they would actually get
             | value approaching what they claim is worth 14.6B. Since FTX
             | and Alamaeda are by far the largest holders of FTT and
             | significant holders of Solana they will destroy the market
             | for both if they had to sell. It's likely the real value of
             | their assets is far lower, as the other commenter
             | suggested.
        
               | LatteLazy wrote:
               | I'm just taking the numbers from the article itself and
               | the assumption that FTT specifically is worthless
               | (extreme enough on it's own).
               | 
               | If you assume a fire-sale on everything, then everyone is
               | insolvent all the time...
        
               | rippercushions wrote:
               | A fire-sale of (say) a skyscraper in Manhattan is a very
               | different proposition to a fire-sale of random shitcoins.
        
               | LatteLazy wrote:
               | That really depends. Most buildings are financed with
               | mortgages, so if there is a real estate crash then they
               | can actually have negative values, even after only a
               | small price drop. Even FTT coins can only be worth zero.
               | This is one of the unexpected dangers of "safe" assets:
               | people will lend on safe assets, so fund managers
               | leverage up until they're not safe anymore and you get
               | 2008 type issues.
               | 
               | Ultimately all of this is pretty standard for
               | Hedge/Investment funds. If you want safe, diversified,
               | limited downside investments, get an few index funds. The
               | minute you go to a hedge fund you're asking for risk
               | whether the underlying is questionable crypto or US
               | Treasuries...
        
       | mytmpaccount wrote:
       | This makes sense to me in the sense that as far as I can tell SBF
       | and Alameda's claims for the origin of their wealth is obviously
       | false: He claims he made billions of dollars on an arbitrage with
       | Korean exchanges and the rest of the world. Price differences
       | existed, but with extremely small volume. If he claimed to have
       | made millions from it I would have been highly skeptical, but
       | billions? And during a major crypto down market to boot-- not a
       | time when any idiot in the space could accidentally make a
       | fortune just by having exposure.
       | 
       | But if that trade wasn't real where did the money come from? One
       | possible answer is that the money never was: maybe it was always
       | just marked up balance sheets holding multiple times the
       | circulating market of illiquid and close traded tokens-- all a
       | great big fake it until you make it.
       | 
       | [Apologies for the throwaway account, but I don't want to risk
       | taking more retaliation from crypto scammers]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | This might explain why Sam Trabucco the former co-CEO abruptly
       | left out of the blue a few months ago...
       | 
       | https://fortune.com/crypto/2022/08/25/sam-trabucco-quits-co-...
       | 
       | For those not in the know, Alameda is THE trading firm in crypto
       | that everyone always assumes is causing liquidations. For them to
       | be insolvent would be a huge deal.
       | 
       | It's crazy to watch greed pollute the minds of crypto trading
       | firms like Three Arrows Capital and Alameda. Zhu Su put it best
       | in his own tweet long ago before the greed set in and he needed
       | more and more gains.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/zhusu/status/1092305648904065024
       | 
       | "Bad TA (technical analysis) is not just marginally bad--it can
       | mean being net down trading an asset that has gone 1,500x and is
       | still 250x from start date."
       | 
       | "For much of 2017, Buy and Hold was actually the best performing
       | strategy since Jan1 2013 of ALL TA strategies possible. This can
       | easily become the case again if we go on a bull run at some
       | point."
       | 
       | Crypto gains are so large that there is no need to go crazy with
       | trading and leverage and the crashes every four years are
       | actually a great boon as long as you realize they will never go
       | away.
        
         | polygamous_bat wrote:
         | Am I correct in understanding your argument that "so long as
         | numbers keep going up, all will be fine"? Because there is a
         | possibility that crypto never gains back the hype as late 2020,
         | and Bitcoin never reaches the high of $69K ever again, in which
         | case people who "bought and hold" at that time (including those
         | who were encouraged to be "brave" by Matt Damon in a crypto.com
         | ad) will never see (a portion of) their money again.
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | If you are anticipating human greed evaporating, then yes,
           | crypto will go to zero. My experiences so far in life have
           | shown that to not be likely.
           | 
           | People holding stocks may never see ATH either, it's the risk
           | we take for the mental construct we believe in.
           | 
           | History says they probably will, as long as they hold a
           | diverse portfolio.
           | 
           | Unfortunately crypto has become just a leveraged bet on the
           | stock market and has lost much of its uncorrelated asset
           | status. If the stock market recovers, crypto recovers even
           | harder. Ethereum price is like a higher leverage TQQQ if you
           | check the charts. I liked it better when it was uncorrelated.
        
             | jefftk wrote:
             | _> I liked it better when it was uncorrelated._
             | 
             | Is there a theorem that says returns never stay
             | uncorrelated, because everyone want to diversify?
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | Well, everyone wants to diversify, so everyone is willing
               | to pay a premium for assets that are uncorrelated to the
               | market, thus depressing their expected return. That's one
               | of the basic insights of the CAPM. But that effect should
               | not affect the correlation.
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | > If you are anticipating human greed evaporating, then
             | yes, crypto will go to zero.
             | 
             | Your assumption does not only rely on human greed but also
             | on an upper limit on human creativity.
             | 
             | You are also making a (strong, imo) assumption that humans
             | will not find a new and more creative outlet for their
             | greed (aka pump and dump schemes) that is not crypto.
             | Crypto is already associated in the public minds with many
             | grifts and scams, and it may be much simpler at some point
             | to create a new scheme rather than recycling old ones.
        
           | reidjs wrote:
           | The solution to that is to not invest (or gamble) more than
           | you are willing to lose and not to take financial advice from
           | movie stars.
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | Your response reads the same as "the solution to global
             | warming is stopping fossil fuel use". Sure, you aren't
             | technically wrong, but there are billion dollar
             | corporations out there whose sole existence relies on your
             | "solution" not catching on.
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | Being an avid HN reader, I've been loosely following the
       | crypto/NFT market with various sentiments oscillating between
       | disbelief and facepalm.
       | 
       | The real question would be: is there anything that is not a scam
       | in this market?
        
         | Aaronstotle wrote:
         | I've been in the crypto-sphere for a bit, a majority of
         | projects are scams.
         | 
         | I personally believe in the large projects, and few niche ones.
         | 
         | My buy and hold coins are BTC, ETH, Monero (XMR), MATIC (ETH
         | L2), and Sol. Monero is the truest "crypto-currency" in my
         | view, and I believe there should be a digital cash equivalent
         | if we're moving to a digital world.
         | 
         | ETH has smart contracts and lots of companies are using ETH L2s
         | like Matic to run smart contracts (Instagram is using Matic for
         | NFTs).
         | 
         | Solana looks like a promising ETH alternative, the risk for Sol
         | is that it's tied up to SBF/Alameda, but their chain is very
         | fast (albeit it goes down too frequently, still in beta though)
         | 
         | Please do not take a stranger's advice and do your own research
         | on projects before investing, and don't invest more than you
         | can afford to lose.
         | 
         | I prefer bear markets for crypto, it acts like a forest fire
         | and clears the grift away.
        
         | rufusroflpunch wrote:
         | Owning and holding Bitcoin is not a scam. That's about it.
        
           | kayamon wrote:
           | Not your keys not your coins.
           | 
           | If you put your money in someone else's bank then they'll
           | loan that money out against your will.
        
           | mritchie712 wrote:
           | It'd be pretty easy to create a "defi credit union" that's
           | not a scam, it'd just be hard to cut thru all the noise. Give
           | 3% to 5% yields on saving, lend at 8% to 12%. The problem is
           | people see "230% yields" (which are scams) and wouldn't know
           | your legit 5% yield is for real.
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | There are tons of legit projects that do exactly that
             | 
             | The most well known is probably Maker
             | https://makerdao.com/en/
             | 
             | But there's also Aave, Benqi, and a bunch of others.
        
               | mritchie712 wrote:
               | yeah, I'm with you, it's just hard to tell which ones are
               | reputable
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _be pretty easy to create a "defi credit union" that's
             | not a scam, it'd just be hard to cut thru all the noise.
             | Give 3% to 5% yields on saving, lend at 8% to 12%_
             | 
             | This is a bank. Running a bank is not easy.
        
       | aaroninsf wrote:
       | Analysis in this thread supports the conclusion that as in the
       | headline, they MIGHT be insolvent; and it is not irrational to
       | believe that they are.
       | 
       | IMO the important thing is that unwinding the specifics to answer
       | this, e.g. guessing what liquidation of their collateralized debt
       | would mean, and running the numbers of what dogfooded assets are
       | actually worth on the market (specifically should they as the dog
       | not be certain to be able to support valuation...), etc ad
       | nauseum,
       | 
       | is itself so murky (and typical of "difi") as to make a more
       | important assertion,
       | 
       | this industry continues to a clown show grift and bad faith, and
       | even well-intended good-faith participants have little to no
       | chance of ever knowing where they stand or having any security.
       | 
       | One of the few satisfactions of the looming economic apocalypse
       | is going to watch this particular wing of the house of cards fold
       | instantly.
        
       | SevenNation wrote:
       | What a lot of people don't understand is that the last cycle
       | isn't over until idiotic enterprises like this self-destruct.
        
       | michael_j_ward wrote:
       | What the argument misses / why FTT is different than Terra
       | 
       | 1) Alameda Research owns FTX, one of the largest and arguably
       | most important crypto exchanges.
       | 
       | 2) FTX offers fee discounts to FTT-stakers and additional
       | discounts if you _pay_ in FTT. [0]
       | 
       | 3) Trading volume on FTX thus creates an organic demand cycle for
       | FTT. The large firms will buy, stake, and then continuously
       | refresh their supply.
       | 
       | 4) The vast majority of the volume at FTT will be in margined
       | accounts at FTX. I am uncertain if the volume analysis would
       | capture FTT movements in (3).
       | 
       | Now, there's clearly financial alchemy going (giving away real
       | economic value to boost an asset that you can then get leverage
       | on) but that'd be better for Matt Levine or someone to flesh out.
       | 
       | [0] https://help.ftx.com/hc/en-us/articles/360024479432-Fees
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | The problem with Terra was that the stakers got a guaranteed*
         | 20% anual interest in dollars*. You can take a look at all the
         | fine print and implementation details, or be a naysayer like me
         | and read the 20% and claim it will collapse.
         | 
         | I can't find the details about FTT/FTX. How high is the
         | guaranteed* anual interest in dollars*?
         | 
         | * With some mild assumptions, like the coins doesn't crash
         | miserably. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
         | YMMV.
         | 
         | Note: This year with a 7% inflation rate perhaps a 20% is not
         | too unrealistic as in usual years with a 2% inflation.
        
           | michael_j_ward wrote:
           | heh - you're obviously correct and now I'm kicking myself for
           | forgetting the #1 difference.
           | 
           | FTT does not offer any sort of interest like Terra did. The
           | benefits of holding are strictly discounted use of the FTX
           | platform [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://help.ftx.com/hc/en-us/articles/360052410392-FTT-
           | Stak...
        
       | pixelpoet wrote:
       | I'm continually surprised by how many "major" crypto firms I've
       | never heard of before (being familiar with the space) suddenly
       | are regarded as big names when they go under.
       | 
       | Wake me up when it's Kraken or something, i.e. a company someone
       | may actually have heard of.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | Alameda is closely tied to FTX, which is big enough to have an
         | arena in Miami named after it.
         | 
         | > This purported leak of Alameda's financials demonstrates that
         | the firm's largest asset is its holdings of "FTX Token (FTT),"
         | issued by none other than SBF's FTX Exchange.
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | I'm not sure if this is sarcasm or not, but just in case it's
         | sincere: Alameda are considered a lynch-pin of the crypto
         | industry, they're holding up pretty much everything... and by
         | extension, FTX is far more important than Kraken. If Alameda
         | implode, it'll be far worse than 3AC's implosion. I don't think
         | it's possible to kill the crypto industry, but Alameda's
         | implosion would be the most likely event to cause it.
        
           | x1ph0z wrote:
           | The whole point of crypto was to be decentralized. For one
           | company to go down and cause the industry to implode means
           | the industry is on the wrong path and needs to be reset.
        
             | Finnucane wrote:
             | Or it could be that the idea that it could actually work
             | that way was just wrong. The creators of bitcoin adopted
             | the delusions of goldbugs, tried to replicate it in a
             | digital form. Adapting 19th century ideas about money to
             | 21st century technology, and expected it to work.
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | Bitcoin is still the same as ever, it has survived and
             | recovered from lots of exchange collapses after a few
             | years.
             | 
             | But there are tens of millions of new people (or even more)
             | since the MtGox collapse in 2014 who haven't learned the
             | lesson and ,,chasing yields'' or lending against their
             | crypto tokens / leveraging their positions (the new forms
             | of financializing BTC, aka not holding your own keys).
             | 
             | I personally know somebody who lost all his BTC / ETH by
             | lending against it and buying more when BTC price was over
             | $50k.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | Once the investors got in the whole point became making it
             | more centralised just with the dominant players being ones
             | they control.
        
             | NickM wrote:
             | A decentralized system can still die if nobody wants to use
             | it anymore. If prices continue to fall as a result of more
             | and more flywheels and ponzi schemes coming to light, and
             | more and more people keep losing their shirts as a result
             | of companies getting hacked/going backrupt/etc., then we
             | may start seeing negative feedback loops as more and more
             | people give up and leave.
             | 
             | Arguably this has already started happening.
        
             | CyberDildonics wrote:
             | I don't think anyone, even proponents of cryptocurrencies
             | think that the industry as a whole is 'on the right path'.
        
           | chinathrow wrote:
           | > I don't think it's possible to kill the crypto industry,
           | but Alameda's implosion would be the most likely event to
           | cause it.
           | 
           | As a bystander, it's hard to grasp the likeliness of this
           | happenning, can someone elaborate on what would be able to
           | trigger it?
        
             | phphphphp wrote:
             | Hard to say, because we can only speculate on the true
             | state of Alameda. Sam Bankman-Fried owns both Alameda and
             | FTX and so while they're separate entities, they are co-
             | mingled in many ways.
             | 
             | Assuming FTX is a profitable enterprise (a big question in
             | the current market) then any problems Alameda faces could
             | be addressed by SBF leveraging FTX in some way to bail
             | Alameda out... but it's also plausible that FTX is
             | dependent upon Alameda and that Alameda's faltering could
             | take down FTX.
             | 
             | My guess is that an Alameda implosion is unlikely because,
             | as far as I can tell, they're not engaging in fraudulent
             | behaviour, just crypto hubris... and so, worst case, they
             | have to scale back their activity... but if they are
             | reliant on third-party capital, and the current economic
             | trend continues... it seems plausible that could trigger
             | major problems in the crypto world.
        
           | pcthrowaway wrote:
           | I work for another (much smaller) crypto market maker.
           | 
           | Alameda imploding would definitely cause a lot of specific
           | assets to nosedive in the short-term, and a lot of
           | volatility, but I think it'd be impossible for it to destroy
           | crypto (perhaps the Solana blockchain, since they're heavily
           | invested, but even that seems like a stretch).
           | 
           | That volatility would also be a ton of opportunity (for other
           | market makers).
           | 
           | Things that could conceivably _destroy crypto_ are more along
           | the lines of coordinated regulation from an influential,
           | multinational group, like the entirety of the G7
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | > Things that could conceivably destroy crypto are more
             | along the lines of coordinated regulation from an
             | influential, multinational group, like the entirety of the
             | G7
             | 
             | Sounds like a plan.
        
         | hucker wrote:
         | Not to be that guy, but this is probably the biggest and most
         | well known of all crypto trading firms, and the source of SBFs
         | fortune initially.
        
         | HelloNurse wrote:
         | I consider remembering the names of "crypto firms" and their
         | products an index of contamination: I might not be ignoring
         | them well enough to protect my savings.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | StevigeHoning wrote:
         | Just because you didn't heard of it, doesn't mean its not a big
         | name. Also Kraken is a Exchange not a trading firm.
        
           | pixelpoet wrote:
           | Of course my awareness isn't what decides if a firm is a
           | major one, and I did refer to crypto firms in general.
           | 
           | In any case, apparently these guys are a big deal and I
           | hadn't heard of them. Maybe it's European bias, and I'm not a
           | crypto expert or anything, just interested.
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | The wallstreet equivalent would be Blackrock being
             | insolvent
             | 
             | Most laypeople haven't heard of blackrock either
        
         | velavar wrote:
         | The reason that a lot of retail investors may not have heard of
         | Alameda Research is that they are an institutional investor and
         | don't lend directly to customers (afaik?). However, they do
         | pack the monetary heft to make a lot of the interest payouts by
         | companies such as Celsius possible.
         | 
         | It's as if Jane street failed, a company that an normal BofA
         | user may not be familiar with.
        
           | pixelpoet wrote:
           | Thanks, that makes sense.
        
       | adam_arthur wrote:
       | Huh, you don't say
        
       | aljungberg wrote:
       | If those loans are no-recourse loans with this FTT token as
       | collateral, then should the token crash the liability just
       | "disappears". The collateral will be sold to cover the loan. If
       | the collateral is now worthless that was the risk the lender
       | agreed to take on when issuing a no-recourse loan.
       | 
       | If they are Defi loans for example, they're pretty much
       | automatically no-recourse loans.
        
         | jevgeni wrote:
         | that kind of a dynamic is not unique to crypto.
        
         | cryptoanon wrote:
         | Exactly. It seems like the author has very limited insight in
         | the space. It makes you curious how they could come to such a
         | headline/conclusion, when they spend the entire article,
         | talking about the assets instead of the liabilities!
        
           | automatic6131 wrote:
           | >It seems like the author has very limited insight in the
           | space.
           | 
           | lol. Lmao, even.
        
             | gjvc wrote:
             | You ought to know by now that HN readers are experts on
             | everything.
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | Are no-recourse loans typical in this space? Seems insane.
        
         | josu wrote:
         | Unless their liabilities are also in FTT.
        
       | tiku wrote:
       | Might be. Since when do we allow such posts with bold claims
       | only?
        
       | FortiDude wrote:
       | Why is it so difficult for trading companies to simply keep the
       | money in the reserve and never touch it unless your client wants
       | to liquidate his share?
       | 
       | I know, having that huge pile of cash and not doing anything with
       | it can lead to huuuuuge temptations, but that's what I'm paying
       | the company to do. If I wanted to invest my funds into something
       | I would move my money to a separate investment account that the
       | institution can play with as they please (with some client-
       | defined risk restrictions) and give me a percentage of profits
        
         | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
         | Because they don't make as much money that way. History has
         | repeatedly shown us that asking companies to voluntarily forgo
         | profit-earning opportunities does not work. Companies exist to
         | make money and this why regulators like the FDIC exist, to
         | ensure that financial institutions are liquid enough when
         | things go south.
         | 
         | This is simply not something that financial institutions are
         | capable of doing themselves.
        
         | boeingUH60 wrote:
         | "Huuuuge temptations" is the answer. At that level, the
         | temptation is too much to bear except enforced by an external
         | hand.
         | 
         | That's why there are regulations against playing with
         | customer's deposits in the traditional banking sector, or else
         | greed will make banking executives do similar things as the
         | crypto companies.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-11-04 23:03 UTC)