[HN Gopher] Housing in Tokyo is cheaper and more spacious than p...
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       Housing in Tokyo is cheaper and more spacious than people think
        
       Author : konichi-value
       Score  : 249 points
       Date   : 2022-11-01 07:38 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.konichivalue.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.konichivalue.com)
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | Every time these articles come up I think about what a shafting
       | people in Japan are taking on property and why western media want
       | to write articles lying about it to the public. Japanese property
       | is tiny by any metric compared to western property; maybe there
       | are some rich people who would like to remove housing regulations
       | and make more money selling crap tiny plastic homes to people at
       | absurd valuations...
        
       | dontbenebby wrote:
       | Maybe it's only cheap due to the barriers to immigration? I've
       | only been to Japan once, but I noticed how they're very formal
       | compared to the various EU countries.
       | 
       | I keep meeting people who move to Appalachia and not register
       | that the things that made it attractive (low crime etc) won't
       | stay that way if people keep talking to me like I'm literally
       | retarded.
       | 
       | (Every time someone tells me "I work in technology or whatever as
       | I walk to get my espresso, I want to say " _Great! Enjoy locking
       | down your house like my South African neighbor told me they had
       | to during apartheid, I 've had too many of these conversations
       | where the person was speaking in bad faith._")
        
         | diceduckmonk wrote:
         | > Maybe it's only cheap due to the barriers to immigration?
         | 
         | Permanent Residency is helpful towards procuring a mortgage,
         | but you don't need a visa to buy property in Japan. Non-
         | resident cash buyers had no problem pushing up the real estate
         | market in Vancouver, Canada.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related:
       | 
       |  _How Tokyo avoided the affordable housing crisis_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32894963 - Sept 2022 (90
       | comments)
        
       | franciscop wrote:
       | The housing space metrics seem very far off from my experience,
       | looking at numbers it seems "Tokyo" means "Tokyo Metropolis",
       | which includes the countryside, mountains, etc. So it's not
       | really comparing the city. If we look at the numbers for Tokyo 23
       | wards[1] (what would traditionally be called "the city"), we can
       | see they are virtually half than those from Paris or London:
       | 
       | 16.5-19.7sqm/person is the range that falls in the median (50%)
       | for Tokyo 23 wards[1]. Only 30% of houses have the minimum
       | recommended of 25sqm/person (so, 70% live UNDER in under
       | 25sqm/person). If the other cities in the graph are correct, that
       | makes Tokyo median size around half of the average of those other
       | cities[2].
       | 
       | So yes, definitely Tokyo housing is tiny. I know it since I live
       | here and talk with people; when I invite someone who is not in
       | tech to my place they all comment on how big my 37 sqm "house"
       | (studio/single room) is, to which I can only agree and laugh/cry
       | inside. I'm happy because I am well for living in Tokyo, but it's
       | still a tiny place compared to my hometown where everyone lives
       | like kings.
       | 
       | [1] https://resources.realestate.co.jp/living/how-much-living-
       | sp...
       | 
       | [2] I believe I'm using median/average correctly here, but happy
       | for corrections! I check "at what sizes it's 50% of the # of
       | households" and then took that measure. Sorry for mixing medians
       | and averages, but I cannot calculate averages with the numbers I
       | found.
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | > The housing space metrics seem very far off from my
         | experience
         | 
         | I have friend living in Tokyo paying <10Mo Yuan  in rent for a
         | (very small) single unit. A couple other friends share a larger
         | unit and pay similar per person. All are in the 23 wards. This
         | is unimaginable for other friends living in Paris (one of the
         | 20 Arrondissements) and New York (one of the 5 boroughs),
         | regardless of size. I have no anecdata on London.
         | 
         | Regarding size, I was far more comfortable living in a ~550sqft
         | 1LDK in Japan than I ever was in 800sqft-1000sqft apartments in
         | North America - everything is geared to living in tighter
         | quarters (from furniture to fridge to food packaging) making it
         | much more convenient than trying to fit a full size couch into
         | a small western apartment, or trying to save by bulk buying
         | ingredients when you don't have the space to store it.
         | 
         | So I think the title of the article is half right (rent is
         | cheaper than you'd think), missing some key info (wages are
         | also cheaper than you'd think), half of it is roughly incorrect
         | (housing is not any more spacious than you'd think), and the
         | article itself doesn't back it up well.
        
           | Konichivalue wrote:
           | Yes, the numbers are a bit skewed by the fact that more
           | people live alone in Tokyo than Paris or NYC, but it's
           | definitely true that you get more square meters per $ in
           | Tokyo. Also, it is true that people on Tokyo on average earn
           | less than NYC, London and Paris, but they also spend a
           | smaller percentage of their total income on housing, so
           | housing is cheaper in PPP terms too. I'll dig out the exact
           | numbers tomorrow if anyone is interested, but now I'm out in
           | one of Tokyo's extremely cheap bar districts having skewers
           | and beers for less than $10
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | Do you know numbers about how much housing is sponsored by
             | the companies in Japan? Maybe that's what is making the
             | difference since it's not counted neither as salary, nor as
             | the price of the house? I know some large companies sponsor
             | partially or totally the housing of thousands of their
             | employees, again skewing prices greatly.
             | 
             | For example if Tanaka's salary is $500 lower because the
             | company is partially paying for their place, that means on
             | paper his salary is lower, the price of the place is MUCH
             | lower, and the ratio of housing/salary is also lower, than
             | if he received those $500 and then used it to pay for the
             | house.
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | In Tokyo, you can work as a part time janitor and make
               | enough to live in a 500 square foot place within a 30
               | minute commute by train
        
               | donw wrote:
               | No, you can't.
               | 
               | 50sqm is a large apartment for a single person. Without
               | checking, I'd guess somewhere in the neighborhood of 20
               | man per month.
               | 
               | A part time janitor would gross half that.
        
               | wst_ wrote:
               | They aren't from my experience working in two major
               | Japanese companies. Sometimes they'll pay your network
               | bill if WFH is allowed, but that's basically it. Not sure
               | about smaller companies, but honestly, I'd be surprised.
        
               | franciscop wrote:
               | They definitely do, I was paid for it working at a
               | Japanese company, and I know multiple personal cases
               | where that happened as well (one was a dormitory, another
               | full housing, and another partial housing). The internet
               | is full of evidence that it _happens_ , so my question is
               | "how often?".
               | 
               | e.g. https://www.gtalent.jp/blog/japanwork-en/social-
               | insurance-we... or https://www.reddit.com/r/japanlife/com
               | ments/54fjgf/how_much_...
        
               | donw wrote:
               | One of the apartments that I used to rent was owned by a
               | large Japanese firm, specifically for the purpose of
               | renting out at a substantial discount to its employees.
        
           | flanbiscuit wrote:
           | 10Mo Yuan  = 100,000 yen, which is about:
           | 
           | USD 675.18
           | 
           | EURO 683.40
           | 
           | GBP 588.43
           | 
           | For anyone who is interested but too lazy to search
        
             | coobird wrote:
             | Note that the JPY lost about 30% of value this year, while
             | rent (nor wages, nor cost of living) haven't caught up to
             | those figures. For the past few years, the JPY/USD rate was
             | around 110.
        
             | sdrothrock wrote:
             | In terms of costs of living and salary percentage, 100,000
             | yen _feels_ like it 's around $1000 or so.
             | 
             | For context, a new grad will probably end up making around
             | 200,000 - 250,000 yen (before taxes) a month at a lot of
             | places.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | To be clear, in the last one year, the Japanese yen vs US
             | dollar has declined by about 23%: 148 JPY/USD vs 114
             | JPY/USD. As a result, "dollarised" Tokyo real estate
             | suddenly looks very cheap. For foreign investors / foreign
             | captial, yes, this is true. For local residents / local
             | investors, there is _still_ almost zero inflation here. As
             | a result, local real estate prices are mostly unaffected by
             | USD /JPY FX rates.
             | 
             | When looking at real estate expenses from perspective of
             | local residents, it is always best to look at local
             | currency median income. If median income or real estate
             | prices are unchanged _relative_ to local currency median
             | income, who cares(!). The rest is just an article in a
             | financial newspaper!
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | We need a disclaimer since from ~last month FX has gone
             | crazy, whether we are using old or new numbers. For me I'm
             | still thinking 10Mo Yuan  is:
             | 
             | USD ~1000 (a bit less, but just insignificant)
             | 
             | EUR 800~900
             | 
             | And virtually all articles you find today regarding real
             | estate, USD vs JPY, etc. will be talking with old numbers.
             | It's important to talk about the new numbers, but I'd wait
             | a bit for them to stabilize before being "acktually the yen
             | now is" in articles (I'm not saying parent comment is doing
             | that, just warning that those people are everywhere).
        
           | franciscop wrote:
           | I never mentioned anything about prices though :)
           | 
           | 550sqft (52sqm) for a single person is unheard of here. Look
           | at the article I shared, unfortunately it cuts off at 30sqm,
           | meaning ALL the houses of 30sqm or more make up 22% of the
           | total. Assuming a normal distribution that peaks around
           | 20sqm/person, you should've lived in the top 1-2% of Tokyo.
           | 
           | I feel like Paris' 20 Arrondissements is too small,
           | comparable to Zone 1 of London and "Yamanote area" in Tokyo,
           | while New York 5 boroughs is a lot bigger and more comparable
           | with 23 Wards. But anyway let's go with it, since at least
           | it's much better than comparing it with Tokyo Metropolitan.
           | With Airbnb (which is usually a lot more expensive than long-
           | term rental) I can find a bunch of places for under 1k USD:
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/FIODYlo
           | 
           | For London I could literally not find any, and for Tokyo also
           | a bunch of places (you might notice that these are way
           | further from the center than the area of Paris, but hey I
           | said that was fair):
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/0XEvBcT
           | 
           | So it seems that London is particularly expensive, similar to
           | Tokyo's Yamanote; while Paris 20 Arrondissements are at a
           | similar place as Tokyo 23 wards.
        
             | Firmwarrior wrote:
             | People living in Tokyo don't check AirBNB to find
             | apartments to rent
             | 
             | Unfortunately, the sites they DO use are entirely in
             | Japanese, so you're not going to be able to get usfeful
             | infographic data in a few minutes
        
             | SECProto wrote:
             | Yes, my 550sqft (was a very rough size approximation, 5 yrs
             | ago from memory) was certainly not in Tokyo, and the 4Mo
             | (plus utilities) that I paid for rent was seen as
             | expensive. I was just using it as a basis to show that
             | straight space comparisons between japan residences and
             | north american residences aren't reasonable, as everything
             | is geared to smaller living.
        
             | amrocha wrote:
             | C'mon mate you can't be for real, you can't just look at
             | Airbnb data and make any conclusions about rent from that.
             | They literally target different audiences.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | I lived in 250sqft with a shared bathroom in NYC for 2 years
           | and loved it. Loved in 800 sqft in suburban America for 4
           | months and couldn't handle it. In a big city with affordable
           | Third Spaces you can simply live outside of your apartment.
        
         | scelerat wrote:
         | I've had the good fortune to visit Tokyo several times, and
         | visited a few apartments of friends who have regular middle
         | class jobs: animators, cooks, tailors. Every apartment was
         | tiny. Like less than half the size of any apartment I've ever
         | lived in at any point of my life living in Los Angeles or San
         | Francisco.
         | 
         | I've stayed many times with a friend whose father is a well-
         | known Japanese movie actor and even they live in a house which
         | would be modest by any US suburban standard, in a quiet part of
         | a nice neighborhood (kichijoji) but still an 8-10 minute walk
         | to trains and very bustling, active parts of town.
         | 
         | The thing I've found remarkable with Tokyo is how walkable it
         | is and how, despite how crowded and dense it can seem, the
         | street level experience can feel very accessible and not at all
         | overwhelming. Many good parks, walking paths and general
         | accommodations for people not in cars.
        
         | golemiprague wrote:
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | > The housing space metrics seem very far off from my
         | experience, looking at numbers it seems "Tokyo" means "Tokyo
         | Metropolis", which includes the countryside, mountains, etc. So
         | it's not really comparing the city.
         | 
         | Yep. In that case half of Berkshire, Hampshire, Kent, Surrey
         | etc. should count as well.
        
         | wst_ wrote:
         | I'm sure you've researched this and sure some apartments in
         | Tokyo are small. I'd like to touch upon the big-house comment,
         | though. It may be that your Japanese friends say that simply
         | because it is polite, and very common, thing to say when you
         | visit someone's house for the first time.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | camkego wrote:
         | If they are considering Tokyo Metropolis, they might be
         | including Ogasawara, which is 1000km from downtown Tokyo.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cannam wrote:
         | I don't know about NY or Paris, but the comparison against
         | London seems fair enough. They seem to be using a Tokyo
         | metropolitan area of about 2000 km^2, and comparing it with
         | Greater London at 1572 km^2.
         | 
         | And indeed, people throughout Greater London are entirely used
         | to living in small, damp, shared boxes.
        
           | franciscop wrote:
           | The geography of the "cities" is very different though (look
           | at the density of population maps provided), where "Tokyo
           | Metropolitan" is one third pure mountains, then one third
           | low-density living (think L.A.) and then one third what
           | people normally thinks of the city of Tokyo, all of these in
           | a sausage-like shape, while "Greater London" grows in a
           | circle and so it's a circle-ish area.
           | 
           | See this image with the labels, we should compare the green
           | one instead of the 3 of them. Ideally "Tokyo" would be
           | something more like the purple one, but the purple one is
           | nothing. So we have "23 wards" (green), or Tokyo Metropolitan
           | (the 3 together), neither of which is the best comparison,
           | but def the green one vs London is much better than all of
           | them (the purple dashes are how I think London would look
           | like approx):
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/nCmkE80
        
             | ouid wrote:
             | If you want to take a more principled approach to size
             | here, you should use a metric that corresponds to how
             | humans interact with the region. Pick a point to call the
             | center and find all the points with a round trip time less
             | than some number.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | To complement your post: To be clear, no one with a deep
             | understanding of Tokyo area considers anything outside the
             | "23 ku's" as Tokyo. Really, Okutama, Tokyo (two hours west
             | of world's busiest train station: Shinjuku) is comically
             | rural -- literally, there are big mountains and small
             | family farms that grow wasabi (delicious!). Yes, the
             | province of Tokyo is enormous and includes lots of
             | protected nature (and lovely hiking trails!), but when most
             | people say "Tokyo" they mean the central 23 cities
             | ("ku's"). If you want to get more specific, Tokyoites
             | sometimes discriminiate between inside and outside the loop
             | train line called Yamanote line. It is definitely the sense
             | of urban and ex-urban in Tokyo.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, every "city" has a point at which you're clearly
               | "outside the city" but what you count changes depending
               | on who you talk to.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/maps/place/Okutama,+Nishitama+Dist
               | ric...
               | 
               | The "gray areas" on a map like this might be a decent
               | "rule of thumb" but even those can be misleading. The
               | best way to determine it is talk to a local.
               | 
               | The other amusing thing is that if some city is _famous_
               | tons of areas around it will often claim it in name if
               | not address; you 'll find "New York Shop" in New Jersey
               | from time to time, especially if doing mail-order
               | business.
        
             | GuB-42 wrote:
             | And even for the "green" area, a good part of it is not
             | that dense. I mean, it is still packed, but most of it is
             | made of small 2 story houses rather than large apartment
             | complexes and high rise buildings.
             | 
             | The real dense part that looks like the pictures of Tokyo
             | you have most likely seen is around the Yamanote line, a
             | train line that circles an area that is about 1/10 of the
             | green area.
        
               | franciscop wrote:
               | I see it everyday since I live here, no need for pics :)
               | 
               | But yeah I agree, one of the first things that surprised
               | me is that you can walk for 20 mins (in the right
               | direction) from any major train station and find yourself
               | in a tiny 1-2 stories houses area.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | Thanks for the additional info, I found it a rather terrible
         | article. Even taking its numbers at face value, it makes me sad
         | for non-Americans. The difference between the NY average of 43
         | sqm vs the rest is essentially an extra room.
        
       | m3at wrote:
       | A peculiarity of renting in Japan (not mentioned in the article):
       | you often need to advance a _substantial_ amount of money upon
       | starting a lease. It varies but a rule of thumb is about 5 months
       | of rent. Part of it is advanced rent, but some is non-recoverable
       | (key money, brokerage fee, insurance, cleaning fee...). Contracts
       | are often two years, and at the end of it you typically have a
       | renewal fee as well, at around a month of rent.
        
       | assbuttbuttass wrote:
       | When did paying 30% of your paycheck in rent become "very
       | affordable?"
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | What else do you need to spend lots of money on?
        
           | rfreytag wrote:
           | In the US you might need to plan for health care expenses and
           | higher-education.
        
       | tjpnz wrote:
       | I'm looking at buying next year. Unlike where I'm from (New
       | Zealand) property in Tokyo is better quality (although that's not
       | really difficult) and dare I say cheaper.
        
         | Dracophoenix wrote:
         | I've heard good things about New Zealand real estate. I'm
         | guessing spiraling prices are why you'd want to leave?
        
         | Jach wrote:
         | I've also heard it's rather easier for a foreigner to buy than
         | to find a willing landlord...
        
           | johnwalkr wrote:
           | That's a stretch and it is hard to get a home loan in your
           | first years. It is true that when searching for a rental you
           | will probably come across landlords that don't rent to
           | foreigners, and more that won't rent to Chinese people. Many
           | landlords also expect you to speak at least some Japanese.
           | 
           | That being said, it's competitive only for average
           | sized/priced places. Both low end and above-average
           | properties are easier to rent.
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | Just out of curiosity - is it largely just "I only speak
             | Japanese and don't know how I'd deal with a foreigner"
             | thing or do those kinds of landlords tend to think
             | negatively of the foreigners?
             | 
             | As an immigrant I know it can be a bit fiddly to resolve
             | some things when there's a language barrier, but as long as
             | both sides are patient and willing to try things can go
             | relatively smoothly
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | eps wrote:
       | Offtopic, but
       | 
       | > the tallest building in Tokyo is only 255 meters
       | 
       | There is a hotel in this tower (called Andaz) and it has a proper
       | swimming pool _on the 37th floor_. Quite an jaw-dropping
       | experience on its own, but doubly so during an earthquake.
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | You barely feel it during an earthquake, because the building
         | has multiple stabilising mechanisms.
        
           | eps wrote:
           | Yep, but you do feel it, because something is... off.
        
             | bluepizza wrote:
             | Ah, yes, It's super freaky. I worked from a hotel room at
             | the Yokohama Landmark Tower for a month, and I had some
             | freak outs. Your balance feels off, even if you don't feel
             | the shakes.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | https://youtu.be/lJ8cv4t2tT8
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | I paid $1,500 for _furnished_ 2 bedroom:
       | 
       | Can confirm. Three years ago I spent 2 months in a _furnished_
       | two bedroom apartment two stops away from Shinjuku - paid $1,500
       | / month. Had three different subway stations within ~7 min walk
       | each. Great location, very inexpensive.
       | 
       | The company I used is _Fontana_ - English speaking, they set up
       | gas /electric/water and all I had to do was pay for them at the
       | convenience store nearby (7 Eleven). The only requirement is a
       | 2-month minimum stay. Will do again.
        
       | didip wrote:
       | Ever since experiencing sticker shock in Silicon Valley housing 7
       | years ago.
       | 
       | Housing in Tokyo or Seoul no longer looked expensive in my eyes.
        
       | TedShiller wrote:
       | People who think denser housing lowers rents haven't been to a
       | big city.
       | 
       | Someone always mentions "But Tokyo...". That person never lives
       | in Tokyo.
        
       | fareesh wrote:
       | Older cities have a lot of legacy issues that manifest in
       | multiple ways. Housing is one of them. Solving the problem is
       | hard since the cities can't be re-planned and rebuilt.
        
       | rippercushions wrote:
       | The article makes a major mistake: it uses Tokyo Metropolis
       | (Tokyo-to, basically "Tokyo State", area 2,194.07 km2) for
       | comparisons, not central Tokyo (23-ku, aka the former Tokyo City,
       | area 619 km2). So it's basically the same as saying houses in New
       | York are much larger than those in Paris, because you're
       | comparing all of New York _State_ including housing in Buffalo
       | etc with the 20 arrondissements of central Paris.
       | 
       | > _Even more striking is that more people in Tokyo live in
       | detached houses compared to apartments (30%) than in New York
       | (16.3%) and Paris (12.3%)._
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure this "striking" fact is an artifact of including
       | a whole lotta suburbs, exurbs and farms in the Tokyo stats. Very
       | few people live in detached houses within the 23-ku.
       | 
       | TL;DR: Housing in greater Tokyo is indeed affordable, but as
       | anyone who's seen a "one-room mansion" (read: tiny studio) can
       | attest, it's rarely spacious.
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | I don't have numbers, but I doubt that 12.3% of people living
         | in Paris _proper_ (the 20 arrondissements) live in detached
         | houses. Yes, there are villas in the city, but they 're
         | extremely rare. I don't see them housing more than 1 in 10
         | people.
         | 
         | So their numbers seem indeed dubious.
         | 
         | Edit: I found official stats (French only):
         | https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-75#chif...
         | Table "LOG T2". "maisons" = "house", "appartements" =
         | "apartments"
         | 
         | In 2019, less than 1% of housing stock were "houses".
        
         | diziet wrote:
         | Okutama, Tokyo is part of "Tokyo Metropolis".
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okutama,_Tokyo . The furthest
         | I've been is Hachioji, which was about 1 hour by train from
         | 23-ku. Hachioji is roughly half as far as Okutama. In New York
         | City terms, getting to Hicksville, NY takes about 1 hour by
         | train. For Bay Area folks, both Dublin / Pleasanton and Bay
         | Point / Pittsburg ... or even Antioch are about an hour away by
         | BART.
        
           | oneoff786 wrote:
           | Is 1 hour by train a reasonable metric to use given the
           | differences in trains
        
             | marak830 wrote:
             | I'd say yes, an hour to work - while long - is pretty
             | acceptable to most. Many caveats here such as reliability
             | of transport etc but it does come down to time.
        
               | mdorazio wrote:
               | An hour commute to work is most definitely _not_
               | acceptable to most, _especially_ post-pandemic. Median
               | commute in the US is about 26 minutes and many people are
               | now used to working from home some or all of the time.
               | Hour-long commutes are outliers for a relatively small
               | percentage of people in a small number of cities.
        
               | marak830 wrote:
               | Fair enough, my point of view may be skewed by living
               | here for quite awhile
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Possibly. But close to an hour commute (or more) is
               | probably the reality most places if you work downtown in
               | a city and don't live within the city limits. Even within
               | NYC getting to the financial district from Brooklyn or
               | Staten Island is probably hitting close to that.
               | 
               | Average commutes in the US are brought down by urbanites
               | who live close to the office and suburbanites who live a
               | modest drive away from an office park.
        
               | mdorazio wrote:
               | The data does not support your statement. For example:
               | https://www.geotab.com/time-to-commute/
               | 
               | Sure, if you cherry pick the worst possible commutes in
               | the worst commuting cities you're going to find pockets
               | of ~1hr commuters, but the broader claim simply isn't
               | true and is perpetuated by people who are themselves
               | trying to justify their overly long commutes. The large
               | majority of people value their time too much to put up
               | with commutes over about 40 minutes.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | That data for people commuting into cities seems pretty
               | consistent with what I said. A minority have a less than
               | 30 minute commute. A significant majority aren't more
               | than an hour. I certainly agree that more than an hour
               | isn't common though 10-15% isn't nothing. I did that
               | part-time for about 18 months and it really isn't
               | sustainable.
               | 
               | Also presumably the number goes up if you exclude people
               | who live within the metro whereas I specifically excluded
               | that group.
        
               | rgmerk wrote:
               | I think there's an adage of urban planning that the
               | median commute is always 30 minutes independent of how
               | much transport infrastructure you build.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | yes, because we are measuring how satisfied the people will
             | be with their living arrangements not how fast the trains
             | are. As a person I don't care if the train is fast or slow
             | I care how long it takes me to get home - if it takes me 1
             | hour to get home with a slow train or 1 hour with a fast
             | train it is the same to me - I live 1 hour from work.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Almost. Take reliability of trains into account too. If
               | you are physically closer you have backup options (buses,
               | other trains, bicycle perhaps!). Sydney has such slow
               | transport that if you need to make connections it can be
               | quicker to cycle the same distance. The UK people live
               | not just in suburbs but entirely different cities to
               | commute to London, but using trains that if they go wrong
               | - and they will - it'll be long and/or expensive commute
               | that day.
        
               | skhr0680 wrote:
               | > Take reliability of trains into account too.
               | 
               | I think it's fair to say that Japan is the country in the
               | world with the most reliable trains
        
               | carlhjerpe wrote:
               | Switzerland, but Japan is up there indeed!
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | > Sydney has such slow transport that if you need to make
               | connections it can be quicker to cycle the same distance.
               | 
               | I believe that would come under the time to get home
               | calculation. Aside from that all these other points would
               | seem to be to Japan's benefit.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | 1 hour is a fair measure in my opinion, the average commute
             | time is about 30 minutes in the US:
             | 
             | > In 2019, the average one-way commute in the United States
             | increased to a new high of 27.6 minutes [27.6]
             | 
             | Which would mean the reasonable "maximum" is going to be
             | about an hour one-way. Some will commute further but it'll
             | drop off very fast. You can actually see it in action if
             | you graph house prices on a map around an urban area; once
             | you are outside commuting distance from the center prices
             | start going down. People will still commute to the edges of
             | the metro, but the numbers who want to decreases.
             | 
             | And a train can create "pockets" further away by mileage.
             | 
             | [27.6] https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
             | releases/2021/one-way-...
        
           | franciscop wrote:
           | Not fair comparison, Okutama is literally in the middle of a
           | mountain range with no much around, but you can get there
           | combining a bunch of express trains in a very straightforward
           | combination, which seems pretty hand-picked. Hicksville to
           | NYC is 56km by car. Okutama from Tokyo Station is 96km.
        
             | diziet wrote:
             | I actually compared train-to-train distance to Hachioji,
             | not Okutama.
        
         | citrusybread wrote:
         | > it uses Tokyo Metropolis (Tokyo-to, basically "Tokyo State",
         | area 2,194.07 km2) for comparisons, not central Tokyo (23-ku,
         | aka the former Tokyo City, area 619 km2). So it's basically the
         | same as saying houses in New York are much larger than those in
         | Paris, because you're comparing all of New York State including
         | housing in Buffalo etc with the 20 arrondissements of central
         | Paris.
         | 
         | As others have said, difference between NYC and NYS is much
         | much larger than that...
         | 
         | But for reference, Ottawa, Canada, is one of the largest cities
         | in Canada by area at 2778 km^2. But the Greater Toronto Area,
         | what many call "Toronto", is ~7000km^2 and only has ~6 million
         | people...
         | 
         | Toronto proper is only 630km^2, with 3 million people. The
         | scale here is reasonable, Tokyo has excellent transportation
         | options that make it realistic to live anywhere in that region.
        
         | lhl wrote:
         | Agreed, this article is basing it's numbers off of this
         | (linked) study: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/airdrive-
         | images/wp-conten...
         | 
         | If you view page 6 and 7, you'll see why these numbers are
         | largely irrelevant since the boundaries for all the "cities"
         | except NYC (which is the 5 boroughs) include the large swathes
         | of suburbs/exurbs around the city.
         | 
         | A study looking at 23-wards vs Inner London vs City of Paris
         | would be a lot more informative.
         | 
         | BTW, the writer of the article seems to simply be using these
         | numbers to push his view that real estate prices will continue
         | to go up in Tokyo. Housing Japan, a Japanese real estate agency
         | that caters to foreign investors shows pricing for apartments
         | in the 23 wards have been on a pretty crazy upwards trajectory
         | [1], but 1) this is denominated in JPY pricing, and the
         | exchange rate has tanked by 35% vs USD this past year, and of
         | course, I'd be much more interested in seeing that post
         | revisited in 2023...
         | 
         | [1] https://housingjapan.com/blog/tokyo-residential-real-
         | estate-...
        
           | nostrebored wrote:
           | JPY is poised for an astronomical fall. The government cannot
           | both keep servicing debt and buoying the currency . Those
           | houses will appreciate in value JPY denominated and crater in
           | terms of USD.
        
             | CapricornNoble wrote:
             | So....living in Japan with a USD income we should actually
             | wait longer to pull the trigger on buying real estate? I
             | was already sizing up properties across the country,
             | putting together a plan for my family to buy properties for
             | rental income because they are already cheap...
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | New York "metro" is always tricky. All of New Jersey,
           | southern Connecticut, Staten Island, the Bronx, outer
           | Brooklyn, outer Queens: Who the hell cares. Yes, I will be
           | down-voted for this comment! My point: Defining inner city
           | NYC that is wealthy requires some care and consideration. All
           | the interesting "real estate action" happens in a very small
           | radius from midtown Manhattan.
        
         | steveBK123 wrote:
         | Japan also has a declining population, extremely low
         | immigration, and minimal foreign housing purchases.
         | 
         | These are the opposite factors of what urban US is facing.
         | 
         | Even Tokyo metro area population has been in decline and is
         | forecast to decline, as NYCs continues growing.
         | 
         | Tokyo housing-space-per-resident being higher is probably also
         | an artifact of lower household formation / childrearing than
         | western cities.
         | 
         | That said Tokyo has different zoning which allows for smaller
         | apartment units than NYC/SF/etc and should be applauded for
         | that.
        
         | marak830 wrote:
         | And the apartment as a comparison to houses doesn't help much,
         | as Japanese houses tend to be smaller than western. Source is
         | me, I've been living in Japan for over 10 years now.
        
           | BlargMcLarg wrote:
           | Western being what exactly? Houses are rarely spacious in a
           | lot of what qualifies as 'west'. You can't compare The
           | Netherlands and Belgium with Germany, let alone the US.
        
             | marak830 wrote:
             | Sorry I should have specified, I was referring to Aussie
             | homes(my home country) or US. My bad.
             | 
             | But even then I'd probably guess Japanese are smaller. I
             | have not looked at the numbers and will go look now though,
             | I should have before commenting.
             | 
             | Edit: you're right(as I had assumed being familiar),
             | Netherlands average from a quick search is roughly on par.
        
         | allturtles wrote:
         | Your point that we have to be careful about the basis of
         | comparison is well-taken, but your analogy is not sound. New
         | York state is 141,000 km2, it's over 1/3 the size of all of
         | Japan.
        
         | HWR_14 wrote:
         | > because you're comparing all of New York State including
         | housing in Buffalo etc with the 20 arrondissements of central
         | Paris.
         | 
         | But isn't the entire Tokyo Metropolis under an hour by mass
         | transit? That's a far cry from Buffalo. Like, Buffalo cannot
         | commute to NYC by anything other than private aircraft.
        
           | rippercushions wrote:
           | Technically Tokyo Metropolis includes some islands several
           | hours _by plane_ south of Tokyo, including Iwo Jima of WW2
           | fame. Their combined population is only a rounding error
           | compared to the mainland though.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | If you replace "Buffalo" with "an hour out of NYC" his point
           | still stands.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | Except that housing an hour out of NYC seems to be more
             | expensive than the housing the article talks about.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | I don't know - an hour out of Penn Station takes you as
               | far as places like Wyandanch on Long Island with the
               | LIRR, or Stamford, CT with the MNR.
        
               | ascagnel_ wrote:
               | And in the other direction, an hour out of Penn Station
               | can get you about halfway across northern NJ even with
               | extensive train traffic.
        
               | avn2109 wrote:
               | The theoretical travel time might be an hour, but we
               | can't realistically compare the travel time variances
               | between MetroNorth and Japanese trains.
               | 
               | Going to Stamford is maybe like 1 hour, with frequent
               | catastrophic delays and problems, such that we can maybe
               | model it as like 1.5hr +/- 20 minutes, whereas an hour on
               | a Japanese train is like 1.01hr +/- 30 seconds.
               | 
               | Wildly different user experiences.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | OK sure, but if you want to talk about wildly different
               | user experiences, you also need to consider the
               | likelihood of being physically rammed into the carriage
               | by the platform staff so the doors can close when riding
               | a rush-hour train out of Shinjuku station or whatever.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | I specifically looked at Stamford when I wrote that.
               | Tokyo is in the 350-600sq ft range by the article. You
               | can currently get a fairly spartan 600 sq ft in Stamford
               | for the price listed (one vacancy). That's more than the
               | average the article cites, but in the same range.
               | 
               | After all, you'd have to compare the outskirts of
               | Stamford with the outsirkts of Tokyo.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Well, yeah, if you take the commuter rail line _along the
               | densely populated coastline_.
               | 
               | If you take the Harlem Line up to the middle of nowhere,
               | you can get to Katonah in an hour on the express trains
               | during peak hours.
        
               | iterati wrote:
               | New Jersey and Long Island are not more expensive than
               | what the article talks about.
        
             | saalweachter wrote:
             | Technically NYC commuter rail goes out about 1.5hrs.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bluepizza wrote:
         | Aren't the backstreets of the less central ku filled with
         | houses? I mean Setagaya, Ota, Edogawa, Adachi, Suginami, etc.
         | 
         | I used to pick stations at random to arrive at and explore, and
         | what I always saw was endless houses. Only the areas closer to
         | bigger stations had manshon.
         | 
         | I think you might be conflating Shibuya/Roppongi/Shinjuku with
         | less central parts of the 23 special wards.
        
           | wst_ wrote:
           | Those are huge wards by themselves. There are plenty of busy
           | as well as residential places. For example, Setagaya-ku -
           | stations like Sangenjaya, Jiyugaoka or Futakotamagawa are far
           | cry from the quiet residential areas. There's a lot of any
           | kind of housing there - bigger, smaller, houses and mansions
           | alike.
        
           | skhr0680 wrote:
           | even in Shinjuku there are cheap houses if you look. My
           | friend rents an old house with renovated interior in
           | Shimoochiai for what I thought was surprisingly cheap
        
       | logicalmonster wrote:
       | Outside of either aggressive capitalist desire to continuously
       | lower wages or some groups wanting to destroy Japanese culture,
       | I've never understood why there was such an extreme panic by some
       | about Japan's lower birth rates to the point that they urged mass
       | immigration there.
       | 
       | A stabilizing population on an island with limited space seems
       | like a good thing. A little more space opens up for living and
       | real-estate prices might become more favorable. Maybe there's
       | room for more parks and other things that make life good. When
       | conditions become more favorable, people will be able to
       | reproduce more.
       | 
       | We see in the animal kingdom the predator-prey cycle that
       | population takes care of itself. When there's too many rabbits or
       | deer, there's no cause for concern: the plentiful food supply
       | means that wolves and foxes will be able to reproduce more and
       | take care of the situation. When there's too many wolves/foxes
       | and the situation reverses, the scarce food supply means that the
       | predators aren't able to flourish and the rabbits and deer are
       | able to reproduce more.
       | 
       | I'd say that the human desire for reproduction might work in the
       | same way, only instead of prey, maybe real-estate prices and
       | quality of life is the cyclical variable to note.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | GDP can't go up without strong reproduction and/or immigration.
         | The economy stagnates and government debt becomes massive,
         | which is what you see with Japan.
         | 
         | The scary thing is that this is something the USA and lots of
         | other countries are headed towards as well.
         | 
         | https://dailyinfographic.com/government-debt-by-country
        
           | mrep wrote:
           | GDP can grow with a stable population if your Real gross
           | domestic product per capita is growing which it has been for
           | the USA [0]. Japans has barely grown for the past 30 years
           | which is their big problem [1].
           | 
           | [0]: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A939RX0Q048SBEA
           | 
           | [1]: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NYGDPPCAPKDJPN
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | What do you think the cause is for the differences? I
             | strongly feel that a lot of that latter "strength" for the
             | USA chart after 2009 was made up of money printing.
             | 
             | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2SL
             | 
             | https://inflationchart.com/gdp-in-m3
             | 
             | I guess we will see if USA can continue up only. I have my
             | doubts. Fertility rate needs to be 2.1 to remain stable and
             | we dipped below 2.0 around 2010 and are at 1.64 now (Japan
             | is 1.34). The previous US administration clown show also
             | drastically cut immigration.
             | 
             | https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/global-decline-of-
             | fer...
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > The previous US administration clown show also
               | drastically cut immigration.
               | 
               | What if restricting immigration for a time is what is
               | needed to start to stabilize the birth rate which
               | ultimately takes care of the economy?
               | 
               | Many Americans aren't focusing on making babies because
               | they're hopeless about their future and ever having a
               | home so they put off thinking about having a family until
               | as late as possible. What if a more modest amount of
               | immigration (lowering demand for housing) helps put home
               | ownership and hope for the future into more peoples'
               | reach? A little reduction in real-estate prices might
               | piss off some boomers who have a lot of wealth locked
               | into their home, but these aren't the people who are
               | going to be reproducing.
               | 
               | Cause and effect are sometimes related in unexpected
               | ways, but this chain of thinking about this problem seems
               | entirely simple and rational.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | I suspect that home prices and ownership rates don't
               | explain birth rates. Who says you can't rent and have
               | children? A large part of the world already does it.
               | 
               | Birth rates go down with economic development, and the
               | growth of freedoms and opportunities for women. It's a
               | tale seen everywhere. And all the other fun stuff and
               | distractions available for young people today - dating
               | apps, video games, pop culture, avocado toast, too many
               | hobbies to name - competes with child-rearing for time,
               | attention, and money. Even as a parent, I sometimes long
               | for a more carefree life. I'm sure a lot of people see
               | their peers with children and decide, rationally, to not
               | pursue parenthood.
               | 
               | (This is without even getting into the climate crisis).
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | I think there a few flaws with your thoughts
         | 
         | > A stabilizing population on an island with limited space
         | seems like a good thing. A little more space opens up for
         | living and real-estate prices might become more favorable.
         | Maybe there's room for more parks and other things that make
         | life good. When conditions become more favorable, people will
         | be able to reproduce more.
         | 
         | Population density is not homogenous. Excluding pandemic era,
         | the trend has been decreasing population density in the
         | countryside and smaller cities, while more population moves to
         | the big cities. In general, population size need not correlate
         | for the average persons lived population density.
         | 
         | > I'd say that the human desire for reproduction might work in
         | the same way, only instead of prey, maybe real-estate prices
         | and quality of life is the cyclical variable to note.
         | 
         | This is likely true on the extremes to some degree, but I
         | haven't seen much evidence that this is a driving force of
         | population dynamics.
         | 
         | > I've never understood why there was such an extreme panic by
         | some about Japan's lower birth rates to the point that they
         | urged mass immigration there.
         | 
         | This is generally because the population is not stabilizing,
         | it's on the verge of collapsing. If fertility rate rises
         | "naturally" in the future, as you suggest, then it's obviously
         | not an issue. But maintaining a 1.3 or lower fertility rate
         | indefinitely will result in an exponential decay of population
         | which could itself result in a decline of living standards. For
         | example, if the population decreases too much to support a high
         | speed rail system so these are abandoned as unprofitable.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | >> I'd say that the human desire for reproduction might work
           | in the same way, only instead of prey, maybe real-estate
           | prices and quality of life is the cyclical variable to note.
           | 
           | >This is likely true on the extremes to some degree, but I
           | haven't seen much evidence that this is a driving force of
           | population dynamics.
           | 
           | In South Korea, young people are struggling to find
           | affordable places to live, to the extent that many people
           | live with their parents well into their 30ies. Coincidently,
           | they also have one of the lowest birth rates in the world.
           | 
           | In my city, I see a lot of people who first build a house or
           | buy an appartement, and then have kids, in their 30ies,
           | because they can't afford a big enough place before that.
           | 
           | As housing prices rise everywhere, it takes longer and longer
           | for people to be able to afford a place big enough for a
           | family. Of course people then delay having kids, and many end
           | up not having kids at all.
        
         | spullara wrote:
         | The birth rate is so low around the world that we may see peak
         | population by 2060 (worst case) and then an exponential
         | decline. Quality of life will decrease as the number of old
         | people drastically out numbers the young people.
        
       | GolDDranks wrote:
       | For a data point: (admittedly, barely) inside Tokyo 23 wards, 15
       | min walk to nearest station, 70 sqm (753 sqft) 3LDK (3 bedrooms
       | and a living-dining-kitchen). 140000 jpy / month. (945 usd at the
       | current rate.) I think it's a reasonable deal. Less or similar
       | than I would pay for a similar flat in my native Helsinki,
       | Finland.
        
       | konichi-value wrote:
       | This is a follow up article to a lot of questions on this thread:
       | How Tokyo Avoided the Affordable Housing Crisis:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32894963
        
       | newaccount74 wrote:
       | I think measuring per person is pretty misleading.
       | 
       | A single person living in a 25m^2 appartment would be quite
       | cramped.
       | 
       | A family with two young kids living in 100m^2 is pretty spacious.
       | 
       | So if you look at living space per person, then societies with
       | smaller household sizes will appear to have more living space per
       | person.
       | 
       | so if you measure that, you also have to compare how many people
       | are in households as well.
        
         | jstrong wrote:
         | > A family with two young kids living in 100m^2 is pretty
         | spacious.
         | 
         | depends on your perspective, I guess! that sounds horribly
         | cramped to me.
        
           | rdsubhas wrote:
           | It's not about perspective. Both average to 25m2 per person,
           | but they are vastly, unambiguously different.
           | 
           | In a 100m2 home: 3x15m2 bedrooms, 25m2 living room, 10m2
           | kitchen and you still got 20m2 left.
           | 
           | It's no comparison to a single 25m2 apartment where all these
           | functions have to fit.
        
             | zemvpferreira wrote:
             | Well, to a point. If I live alone in a big city I don't
             | necessarily need a kitchen at all. However, cooking scales
             | more efficiently than eating out so I'll definitely want
             | one for my family.
        
             | jstrong wrote:
             | In that sense, I guess a 100cm2 apartment is "pretty
             | spacious" compared to a 25cm2 one. My point was that a
             | family of four living in a 100m2 apartment is going to feel
             | cramped.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Yeah, a more accurate measurement would be "baseline + X" - you
         | don't really need to go above the average household size, but
         | you can fit people in way denser than 25m^2 (270 sq ft) if they
         | share common areas. The average dorm room is 230 sq ft (with a
         | roommate!) but the dorm provides common areas and other
         | amenities.
         | 
         | Another thing to consider when comparing countries is what is
         | considered "living space" and what is not - some areas have
         | large porches that are not considered "living space" even
         | though they serve similar functions to what a living room might
         | in other parts of the world.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | It depends on how you measure those 25m^2; I lived in a
           | studio in Copenhagen for a while and my 25m^2 included the
           | common areas / roof garden etc. Private space was around
           | 16-20m^2, and I am being generous here.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Yeah, so many things go into it that it's hard to just
             | compare numbers, you really have to _live_ it to compare.
        
         | quesera wrote:
         | > A single person living in a 25m^2 appartment would be quite
         | cramped. > A family with two young kids living in 100m^2 is
         | pretty spacious.
         | 
         | I would argue very much the opposite!                 - 1
         | person in 25m2 (270 ft2) is comfortable enough in a city, and
         | if your hobbies are small       - 4 people in 100m2 (1076 ft2)
         | can definitely be cramped
        
         | JTBooth wrote:
         | Agree - I moved from 40m2 alone to 60m2 with my wife, and the
         | experience is much better. We still have one sink, one toilet,
         | one bathtub, one washing machine. Her space takes up maybe
         | 10m2. The free walking-around space probably went from 5m2 to
         | 25m2.
        
       | AtreidesTyrant wrote:
       | I would love to stay there, but keeping western hours for your
       | job would be very difficult. Not to mention the dislike of
       | foreigners
        
       | InfiniteRand wrote:
       | Better than New York, Paris and London is a low bar
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | It is a big modern industrious city, what should it be compared
         | to?
        
       | rubslopes wrote:
       | Why these people think I will subscribe to their mailing list
       | before I even read the third sentence?
        
       | tagami wrote:
       | Tokyo and Osaka are reversed on the map
        
       | yrgulation wrote:
       | I dont know how accurate this report is, but i do wish western
       | europe was as well organised and clean as japan. Many, if not
       | all, west european capitals are a mess with poor living
       | conditions with no signs of improvement.
        
         | athenot wrote:
         | Purely as a visitor, Zurich definitely felt cleaner and better
         | organized than other cities in western Europe.
        
           | yrgulation wrote:
           | An outlier indeed. Still feels a bit boring, but it ticks all
           | the marks in my initial comment. I think europe strayed far
           | from its path. We should look at japan and east asia
           | (singapore, south korea) and reflect on why they look so much
           | more advanced and well maintained compared to our countries.
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | there is a maps-and-data company in Berkeley, California (urban
       | planners) that maintains detailed and mostly-current information
       | on occupancy for all of California; both renters and homes;
       | unending policy battles behind-the-scenes about covid-19 and
       | eviction very much at the fore. ( _trivia_ it is in the same
       | physical building as the old After Dark screensaver company, so
       | long ago)
        
       | Overtonwindow wrote:
       | I spent a month in Tokyo in 29 Square meters it was painfully
       | small, and expensive. It was the best I could find. These numbers
       | are deeply suspicious.
        
         | diceduckmonk wrote:
         | The standard rental contract in Japan is not 1-year, but
         | 2-years. For these engagements, as with employment, it's about
         | consistency, predictability and long-term commitment.
         | 
         | One-month is ultra-short by Japanese standards. The rental
         | inventory is distinct from regular apartments. This is
         | effectively a hotel.
        
           | amrocha wrote:
           | Kinda, it's 2 years but you can usually leave anytime after 6
           | months with no fee. After 2 years you need to sign a new
           | contract, which means new fees etc
        
       | davidkuennen wrote:
       | As someone being in Tokyo right now chatting with locals about
       | this topic it's just not generally true or comparable to other
       | cities.
       | 
       | Sure there are parts of Tokyo that are cheaper, but Tokyo is
       | gigantic. All the places that "matter" with reasonably fast
       | commute are very expensive and small.
        
         | marak830 wrote:
         | I live in fujisawa, takes me about 30 minutes to get to
         | Yokohama which is pretty damn major.
         | 
         | House prices here are quite reasonable, nice distance to the
         | ocean for the weekends. I'm considering buying and building a
         | house in the next year or two.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | diceduckmonk wrote:
         | > locals about this topic
         | 
         | Are the locals foreigners or Japanese? The set of housing
         | options are different between the two. There's an implicit
         | price premium and threshold on the units with landlords
         | receptive to foreigners. The cheaper accommodations are not
         | going to be available especially if tenant isn't fluent in the
         | language.
         | 
         | > All the places that "matter" with reasonably fast commute are
         | very expensive and small.
         | 
         | I live 3 minutes commute to Shibuya, and my rent is half my
         | rent in an outer borough of NYC. Brand new lofty unit designed
         | by a famous architect. Space efficiency-wise, it's equal if not
         | greater. It's an apples-to-oranges comparison to just look at
         | floorspace, since Japan has lots of infrastructure such as
         | actually convenient stores which means people don't need to own
         | as much household items.
        
           | Dracophoenix wrote:
           | How much do you have to pay in monthly housing costs with the
           | inclusion of utilities and amenities?
        
           | TedShiller wrote:
           | Then why doesn't everyone just live in Tokyo? You just got
           | your answer.
        
       | dcolkitt wrote:
       | Should also be noted that Tokyo is one of the few major
       | metropolises in the world where the price of housing has not
       | meaningfully increased in real terms since 2000[1]. The Japanese
       | constitution drastically limits zoning, building and land use
       | restrictions. As a result the city of Tokyo builds more new
       | housing than all of California or England.[2]
       | 
       | (And no, this isn't because of Japan's demographics. While Japan
       | as a whole is stagnating, the population of Tokyo is still
       | increasing as fast as London, New York or the Bay Area because of
       | high rural to urban migration.)
       | 
       | Tokyo is very much proof that NIMBY reforms are the solution to
       | the housing crisis in the West. Deregulating the ability of
       | property developers to build new housing will incontrevirtibly
       | increase supply, blunt runaway housing costs, and make dense
       | cities with high economic opportunity affordable for the middle
       | class.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.vox.com/2016/8/8/12390048/san-francisco-
       | housing-... [2]https://www.sightline.org/2021/03/25/yes-other-
       | countries-do-...
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | >(And no, this isn't because of Japan's demographics. While
         | Japan as a whole is stagnating, the population of Tokyo is
         | still increasing as fast as London, New York or the Bay Area
         | because of high rural to urban migration.)
         | 
         | Tokyo had negative population growth in 2022 and is forecasted
         | to continue decreasing in population. That said, these
         | differences existed before Tokyo's population stagnated.
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | This is my random personal post: Last weekend, while riding my
         | bicyle between Shinjuku station and Shinagawa station, I was
         | stunned by the density of buildings on major roads. It felt
         | like a one hour bicycle ride surounded by non-stop 10-story
         | buildings... forever(!). My point: A 10-story building is not
         | impressive, but 500 of them on the same road is incredible. The
         | wall of concrete is hard to understand in Tokyo before you see
         | it with your own eyes.
         | 
         | Dutchies/Belgies: Is anywhere similar where you live?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ajmurmann wrote:
         | Good point. One small issues: I think your first sentence is
         | missing a negative or you want to change "increased" to
         | "decreased"
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | Thanks!
        
         | haroldp wrote:
         | Here's an archive of the FT piece to which the Vox article
         | refers:
         | 
         | https://archive.ph/pVrex
         | 
         | Lots of additional detail.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | California: 1 new home per 354 citizens per year (confirmed
         | using primary US government sources).
         | 
         | Tokyo "city": 1 new home per 96 citizens per year (unconfirmed
         | but reasonable).
         | 
         | Tokyo "metro": 1 new home per 113 citizens per year (confirmed
         | using primary Japanese government sources)
         | 
         | I figured it would compare best if we translated this to "per
         | capita" form. Eyeballing the FRED source[3], looks like
         | California permits 8,000-10,000 new home units per month, or
         | 110,000 per year for a state of 39 million people. This has
         | been (relatively) stable for quite a few years.
         | 
         | The sightline blog quotes WSJ which asserted that Tokyo city
         | built 145,000 new homes in 2018. I was unable to find the
         | source for the WSJ claims -- sightline.org claims that this is
         | just the Tokyo City, not metropolitan, but WSJ makes no such
         | distinction (conclusion is uncertain). However we do have some
         | contextual numbers:
         | 
         | Japan added 942,000 housing starts in 2018 according to
         | Statista[0], whose numbers for 2020 and 2021 perfect match
         | Japanese government numbers[1]. So "Tokyo's" housing starts
         | accounted for 15% of national housing starts. 11% of Japan's
         | population lives in Tokyo "city" and 29% of Japan's population
         | lives in Tokyo "metro". Additionally, Tokyo "metro" ("National
         | Capital Region" - Shou  Du  Quan ) added 327,128 homes in
         | 2018[2], and this has also been relatively stable year-to-year.
         | So "145,000" seems reasonable at least.
         | 
         | 0: https://www.statista.com/statistics/667913/japan-
         | dwellings-c...
         | 
         | 1: https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai3/getsurei-e/2022sep/4.pdf
         | 
         | 2: https://www.lij.jp/pub_f/monthly_data/2019_11.pdf (p. 35,
         | 4th column)
         | 
         | 3: https://alfred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=B0kN
        
         | seanmcdirmid wrote:
         | Even though everyone wants to live in Tokyo, the same is true
         | for hit real estate markets in other countries that it is being
         | compared to. We aren't comparing Tokyo to Duluth.
         | 
         | Lack of building codes like must have central heat or must have
         | bathroom also can bring housing prices down.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | Hat tip for "Duluth". If anyone is not famaliar, it is north-
           | central United States:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota
        
           | F35Machinist wrote:
           | Do you actually think the comment you replied to was
           | complaining about requirements like central heat or
           | bathrooms? NIMBYs will trot out every excuse and misdirection
           | to avoid addressing the dire shortage of housing. This anti-
           | growth mindset is a philosophy of death. I suspect that deep
           | down, many want the world to end with them and are actually
           | sabotaging efforts to solve societal issues out of some sort
           | of Freudian death-drive.
        
             | goostavos wrote:
             | What in the -- Freudian death drive? I'd wager it's far
             | more simple: run of the mill selfishness. NIMBYs want to
             | keep the gravy train flowing while they're here. Increased
             | housing stock threatens the currently astronomical prices
             | and returns. NIMBYs are "anti-growth" because their
             | pocketbook demands it.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | This isn't it. On the one hand, people acknowledge that
               | transit resources, clean environment, water, electricity,
               | don't grow on trees (and that trees are also nice). On
               | the other hand, anyone who wants to control development
               | at all is labelled as a NIMBY. Some of that is accurate,
               | some of that is not. But I get it: you want your cake and
               | you want to eat it also.
               | 
               | Tokyo definitely has places without (a) toilets in your
               | apartment (you have access to one in the same building
               | though) and (b) places without showers in building
               | (you'll have to use a bathhouse). The lack of heat might
               | be annoying to some people, and the insulation isn't
               | going to be good enough to let your electric space heater
               | work very well (so get used to using a kotatsu). Now,
               | using a kotatsu isn't bad, but it isn't super convenient.
        
           | Danieru wrote:
           | Tokyo's building codes do require bathrooms. Plus minimum
           | sunshine for a room to count as a bedroom, along with
           | shutters on all windows.
           | 
           | What caught my eye about your comment is central heating.
           | Japan in fact penalizes central heating. Not just not
           | requiring it but going so far as to increase property taxes
           | slightly.
           | 
           | In Japan's case it is a desire to reduce energy intensity in
           | a country dependent on energy imports.
        
             | throwaway2037 wrote:
             | You wrote: <<Japan in fact penalizes central heating>>
             | 
             | I belive it. Japan housing is so inefficient for a wealthly
             | / highly industriaslied country: It is bizarre!
             | 
             | I tried to Google about this topic, but I did not find
             | anything. Can you provide a hint about your source?
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | what do you mean by inefficient? japanese houses are
               | remarkably energy-efficient for their climate. they are
               | very breezy, which cuts down on AC use in the summer, and
               | in winter you heat specific objects instead of the entire
               | house
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | That really isn't true. A lot of older housing in Japan
               | has really bad insulation, you are basically stuck with a
               | kotatsu in the winter not by choice.
        
               | ricktdotorg wrote:
               | i took GP's comment of "heating specific objects" to mean
               | an object like a kotatsu.
        
       | dahfizz wrote:
       | 32 square meters per person? That's 344 square feet. It's amazing
       | to me people would choose to live in such a tiny space.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | To be fair, in the US people live in a cardboard box on the
         | street
        
         | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
         | That's slightly larger that my very expensive apartment in
         | Paris proper. I moved there from a bigger place when I broke up
         | years ago and I'm surprised by how liveable it is. It's not big
         | but it's mostly fine. For the time I spent there it seems like
         | a good deal. Working from home was annoying when it was
         | mandatory however.
        
       | dark-star wrote:
       | if you can't even tell where Tokyo and Osaka are on your maps,
       | you probably shouldn't publish articles about Japan. Who knows
       | what other numbers or diagrams are wrong there...
        
         | diceduckmonk wrote:
         | https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/2323:_Modeling_St...
        
       | thiago_fm wrote:
       | The graph with many countries is ABSOLUTELY WRONG.
       | 
       | It says with $1500 rent you can get a 140m2 or 1500 sqft
       | apartment in Berlin. HAHA! MAYBE IN THE 90s.
       | 
       | Not to mention that I'm willing to bet that less of 5% of housing
       | in Berlin is 140m2 or higher. (might be 1% or less even)
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | These often use average rents paid today. They tend to be much
         | lower than average rents if you rent a home today.
         | 
         | One of the main reasons why older people seem to think
         | millennials are complaining about nothing: they locked in their
         | rental rates back in the last millennia, and the laws generally
         | only allow low-single-digit increases per year
        
       | rgmerk wrote:
       | Paris, London and New York - the key points of comparison -
       | aren't exactly known for their spacious housing.
       | 
       | One other point that many of the Tokyo fans don't acknowledge is
       | how extraordinarily ugly the place is. Sure, it's clean (more
       | than you can say for New York) but clearly nobody in Tokyo cares
       | about what their house looks like from the outside. And I've
       | never seen more miserable public parks in a developed country.
        
         | tkgally wrote:
         | I've been living in Tokyo and Yokohama since 1983 and am as
         | much of a Tokyo fan as they get, and I readily acknowledge how
         | ugly Japanese cities are in general. But after buying a house
         | here twenty-three years ago, and comparing my experience with
         | those of houseowners I know in the U.S., I have started to see
         | some beauty in that ugliness.
         | 
         | Many of the people I know in the U.S. live in attractive
         | neighborhoods full of nice-looking houses and well-kept front
         | yards. While some of that niceness is due to the owners' own
         | initiative, much is the result of zoning restrictions,
         | homeowner association rules, and the like.
         | 
         | The only zoning restrictions on my house in Yokohama are limits
         | on total floorspace and land coverage and fire and earthquake
         | rules covering building design and materials. I can paint my
         | house any color I want, pile whatever junk I want in my (tiny)
         | yard, and hang whatever laundry I want from the balconies, and
         | no one can or will say anything about it.
         | 
         | As a result of this tolerant, low-regulation regime, the
         | neighborhood I live in is, like most neighborhoods here, an
         | unattractive mish-mash of mismatched houses and apartments in
         | many styles and states of upkeep. If that's the price of
         | (relative) freedom, I'm happy to pay it.
        
         | franciscop wrote:
         | I have to agree and disagree :)
         | 
         | First, it's not clean, it's just different way of unclean and
         | only during certain periods of the day. But during too many
         | hours of the day in popular areas it's normal to see literal
         | piles of trash on the street covered in rats, and in the
         | morning with crows.
         | 
         | On the other hand, there's no littering, virtually no
         | homelessness (nor their encampments, etc) and finally no cars
         | on the street, which makes the city look a lot cleaner.
         | 
         | "Nobody in Tokyo cares about what their house looks like from
         | the outside" => completely agree, my pet peeve here is that one
         | of the best towns geographically speaking of Japan is probably
         | the ugliest town I've seen in my life in a 1st world country
         | (Kawaguchiko, with the beautiful lake, lush forest and Fuji San
         | nearby).
         | 
         | "never seen more miserable public parks" again have to agree,
         | the median local park is taken out of a horror movie. Though
         | there _are* a bunch of very, very beautiful ones!_
        
           | bluepizza wrote:
           | > But during too many hours of the day in popular areas it's
           | normal to see literal piles of trash on the street covered in
           | rats, and in the morning with crows.
           | 
           | Apart from the worst parts of Roppongi on a Monday morning, I
           | have never ever seen this.
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | Trash days 5~8am, normal days in any place with many
             | restaurants 11pm~8am basically (Shibuya, Ebisu, Shinjuku,
             | Ikebukuro, etc).
        
               | marak830 wrote:
               | That would be more attributed to the multiple day trash
               | picking depending on which type, though right?
               | 
               | I mean Tuesday: burnable waste, wed cardboard, Thurs
               | clothes and Fri other, will tend to have trash in the
               | designated areas, on each of those days.
               | 
               | Edit:spelling (Note:days and trash types differ a lot per
               | area, but it's a good generalisation based off of my
               | location).
        
               | franciscop wrote:
               | That's one thing for sure, but I attribute it most to the
               | lack of dumpsters. I am not sure why they were banned,
               | the trash cans supposedly because of terrorism, but the
               | larger containers/dumpsters would make the city so much
               | cleaner and better.
               | 
               | Tip: when there's a typhoon, restaurants close and
               | there's no trash on the street, the rats invade nearby
               | shops looking desperately for food:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkpV_fCeuIE
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | To be fair to Tokyo I doubt there's a major city in the
               | _world_ that doesn 't have rats unless rats can't live in
               | a super hot desert or frozen tundra.
               | 
               | It's a matter of how contained/controlled/visible they
               | are.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Calgary and Edmonton.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Nice, ratatouille BTFO: https://www.alberta.ca/albertas-
               | rat-control-program.aspx
        
           | seanmcdirmid wrote:
           | > On the other hand, there's no littering, virtually no
           | homelessness (nor their encampments, etc) and finally no cars
           | on the street, which makes the city look a lot cleaner.
           | 
           | Last time I visited Tokyo in 2016 there was clearly an
           | encampment at the Ueno park. And that wasn't the first time I
           | saw an encampment in Japan (visiting Tokyo in 2008 I saw a
           | few in Tokyo and Osaka). However, Japanese homeless
           | encampments are always very clean and well organized. It's a
           | completely different feel from the states (even if they
           | definitely exist).
        
             | franciscop wrote:
             | That's why I said virtually; in Tokyo you know where you
             | saw one at some point as a curiosity. In many European
             | cities just walking around aimlessly you have high chances
             | of seeing some homeless people. In SF I had to literally
             | jump over homeless' people stuff to walk down multiple
             | streets in my last visit.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | I wasn't looking for encampments in Japan but found them
               | anyways. Ueno train station and the park behind it is
               | obviously a high traffic destination. And in Osaka, we
               | were just walking around randomly. Homelessness is common
               | and visible enough that to say it virtually doesn't exist
               | is not really accurate.
        
         | pezezin wrote:
         | Not just Tokyo, but the whole of Japan. I live in Aomori, I
         | have traveled quite a bit around the country, and I haven't
         | seen yet a single city that wasn't extremely ugly. I have asked
         | many Japanese people, and they just don't care.
        
           | aikinai wrote:
           | I live in and love Japan, and after many years have also
           | gotten used to the general ugliness and just enjoy the
           | beautiful parts when I can, but turning off the Japanese
           | filter I've developed, good god this is so true.
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | Can you post examples of this ugliness? I've never been to
           | Japan and am curious. I had never heard of this.
        
             | rippercushions wrote:
             | Pick a random spot in any suburb of Tokyo in Google Maps
             | Street View and start exploring. Here's one:
             | 
             | Gui Hu Zhong Yang Tong riShang Dian Jie
             | https://maps.app.goo.gl/9yY4Ncb5oM3hXqLY6
             | 
             | It's not particularly hideous by Tokyo (or world)
             | standards, it's just exactly what was described earlier, a
             | random mishmash of houses and shops in various states of
             | repair.
        
               | jonpurdy wrote:
               | You've just linked to a small, walkable street with slow
               | traffic that has multiple food and shopping options mixed
               | with medium density residential. Zooming out it looks
               | like a quick walk to a metro station and multiple parks
               | nearby. Not to mention how safe these areas are.
               | 
               | The random mishmash of houses and shops is exactly the
               | type of place that makes walking viable negating the need
               | for a car (and the expense and waste of space storing
               | one).
               | 
               | I wish I could find neighbourhoods like those found in
               | many Japanese and Korean cities; they're very small and
               | hard to find even in Toronto and SF (and not really
               | comparable anyway).
        
               | rgmerk wrote:
               | Not disagreeing with any of that but it's still
               | incredibly ugly.
               | 
               | Just a planter box or two would be a massive improvement!
        
               | no_time wrote:
               | Having the powerlines underground would improve it a lot.
               | Other than that I wouldn't call it particularly ugly.
        
               | kipchak wrote:
               | I don't think it's pretty, but I somewhat enjoy this sort
               | of look.
               | 
               | It reminds me a bit of a compressed version of older,
               | less affluent northeastern towns, where buildings are a
               | mish mash of styles and designs. It's an overused term,
               | but it gives a sense of character or that it's a discrete
               | place with it's own history. This building is a good
               | example.
               | 
               | https://goo.gl/maps/4ExAzUnFJmez6EPa7
        
               | ErneX wrote:
               | I've been to Tokyo and other cities in Japan, and I would
               | gladly trade what you consider ugly for their
               | cleanliness.
               | 
               | I live in Barcelona and not even Gaudi's architecture can
               | distract you from the amount of dog feces and piss that
               | are rampant in this city, plus a considerably lack of
               | cleaning in recent years for some reason.
        
         | monting wrote:
         | You folks ought to spend some time in Taiwan. I'm in Tokyo now,
         | was in TW for a couple of years prior. Tokyo is extremely
         | beautiful in comparison. (I'm Taiwanese Canadian)
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | These statistics would be much more useful if the median had been
       | used for prices and floor areas. These are both long tailed
       | distributions, so the average is skewed. I would wager many of
       | the "unexpected" results are due to this effect.
        
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