[HN Gopher] For its big comeback, Intel needs to spend money, an...
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       For its big comeback, Intel needs to spend money, and it's making
       less and less
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 78 points
       Date   : 2022-10-29 15:15 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | v3ss0n wrote:
       | It should , I remembered one intel developer posted here that
       | intel manager writes tests in big word file.
        
       | prng2021 wrote:
       | I don't think the situation is that dire for Intel. AMD was in a
       | much worse competitive position not that many years ago.
       | 
       | An industry wide slowdown will affect all companies mentioned in
       | the article. Intel has over $25B cash on hand and history has
       | shown investors are willing to let companies (ie Uber) lose many
       | billions every quarter for a long term return.
       | 
       | AMD and Intel have been flip flopping on who creates the best
       | cpus for decades. I'm sure that has been the result of a mix of
       | great engineering talent as well as luck during R&D. I have no
       | doubt this battle is going to continue for many more decades.
        
         | hericium wrote:
         | intel went down, back to their 2014 price with, what looked
         | like, one corrupted board after another.
         | 
         | The comment my "about" quotes resembles investors' emotions
         | rather well. And markets are - at least currently - not very
         | reasonable.
         | 
         | Also: AMD and RISC-V.
        
       | Avlin67 wrote:
       | x86 is the way to go and will be the best at least for the 10
       | next years... intel needs some time but I dont worry
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | I switched to M1 laptop from Windows when it came out and I'm
         | not planning to go back.
         | 
         | I'm waiting for the next TSMC process node for my next laptop
         | purchase.
        
           | lloydatkinson wrote:
           | Did you not try Windows on M1?
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Not sure how you can say 'x86 is the way to go' for the next 10
         | years given how much progress Apple has made with it's M*
         | processors over the last few years. Sure, Apple keeps all of
         | it's processors to itself, but if they were able to do this
         | over a few years, others surely will be able to as well.
        
       | uri4 wrote:
       | Come back to where? Are CPUs gold mine? It is saturated and
       | highly competitive market. Maybe they achieve leadership again in
       | performance or some other metrics, but how would that turn into
       | profits?
        
         | theturtletalks wrote:
         | Maybe they should go all in on RISC-V or another open-source
         | instruction set and get ahead of what's going to be the future
         | of chips in the long run.
        
       | monocasa wrote:
       | This is what I've been saying for a while would happen about when
       | AMD ended up on TSMC 5nm if Intel was still sitting on Intel 7
       | (nee Intel 10nm++++++). They'd immediately lose that high margin
       | data center money and no longer be able to keep the lights on for
       | litho R&D exactly when they need it most to come back.
        
       | brookst wrote:
       | Intel's in trouble, but they will have no difficulty sourcing the
       | cash for any investments that promise to reverse the trend. The
       | terms might be better or worse, but it's not like Gelsinger is
       | going to have a great plan that just needs $20B and it just sits
       | on a shelf because the investment can't be sourced.
        
         | tenpies wrote:
         | Agree.
         | 
         | One perspective that I'm amazed hasn't become obvious to
         | mainstream yet is that there are a growing number of private
         | companies where are functionally extensions of the US
         | government. Everyone knows about the US military-industrial
         | complex, but they haven't clued in that the complex has grown
         | and companies like Intel fall under that umbrella now. The
         | CHIPS Act should have been a huge clue to anyone paying
         | attention.
         | 
         | As long as the US government stands, regardless of who is in
         | office and what letter is next to their name, Intel will not
         | ever fail.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | Intel may not ever fail, but that sure doesn't mean
           | shareholders will reap any rewards. Boeing won't fail either,
           | but has been losing huge chunks of money every quarter for 2
           | years now.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Intel should probably think about reducing the dividend and
         | focusing on plowing that money into investment in their
         | business for a while.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | That would destroy the stock price, and executives get paid
           | largely in stock.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | Precisely this. As an executive, it is better to pay
             | dividends and have the company borrow if needed.
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | Not agreeing or disagreeing, but have you seen the stock
             | recently? Surely at some point you have to ask if it makes
             | stop prioritising the stock price and investors, and
             | instead focus on the long-term sustainability of the
             | company?
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | I've been watching both Intel and Meta stock with
               | interest. They're in a fairly similar situation. The
               | reason why Intel trades at a P/E of 15 while Meta is
               | hovering around 10 must be mostly the dividend. The
               | market doesn't trust Zuck but it still has some trust in
               | Gelsinger to somehow balance the dividend with the
               | massive fab investments.
               | 
               | If Intel gives up on the dividend, they could be down
               | another 30-40% to Meta-like P/E levels.
        
               | rossmohax wrote:
               | Meta is doing buybacks, which is just another form of
               | dividend, so in that regard they are not that different.
        
               | dnadler wrote:
               | It would just be a question as to whether the
               | reinvestment would be expected to yield a high enough
               | return. Theoretically, at least, if the dividend is being
               | repurposed for investment _and_ the market believes that
               | that reinvestment will drive enought growth, then the
               | stock price could stay flat or even go up. Especially in
               | the current environment where there aren 't many good
               | places to invest capital.
               | 
               | I'd think that scenario is fairly unlikely though, and in
               | any situation where the dividend goes away volatility
               | will certainly go up.
        
               | parenthesis wrote:
               | But Intel would presumably be investing the forgone
               | dividends in something that looks better to investors
               | than the metaverse moneypit.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | Not only do the markets not trust Zuckerberg. But since
               | he still has a controlling stake in the company, the
               | stock should trade at a steep discount since stockholders
               | have no say in the company.
        
         | drowning-secs wrote:
        
       | StillBored wrote:
       | Yah, they should have been panicking four years ago. They can
       | probably come back, but i'm betting in order to do it, they will
       | have to temporary shift their higher margin devices to TSMC's
       | more advanced process to keep up or just accept being second
       | fiddle for a while. The question is whether all the cuts required
       | to do that kill the company as they are forced to exist on the
       | low margin devices they have been shunning for the past 15 years.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | We better hope they come back. TSMC is a really impressive
         | company, but we can't let _one company_ be entirely responsible
         | for a part that is require for an advanced economy.
        
           | sounds wrote:
           | I model it like a sovereign default risk, only the sovereign
           | is a corporation.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | ASML is a bigger single point of failure, since they make the
           | machine most critical to any modern fab from Intel, TSMC, or
           | Samsung.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Sure. Intel and their competition sell directly to
             | consumers, so any tech savvy person is at least vaguely
             | aware of their relative positions in the market. I'm less
             | familiar with ASML (other than the fact that, of course,
             | they make that important part) -- haven't looked into
             | setting up a fab! Do they have US competition that is
             | "pretty close" in the same sense that Intel is to TSMC?
        
               | sct202 wrote:
               | ASML bought out their US competition decades ago. Nikon
               | and Canon used to be their main competition in
               | lithography machines, but both of them fell behind even
               | before EUV.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | ASML's EUV tech was originally funded by the US (EUV LLC,
               | joint industry/government collaboration from the late
               | 90s), and that is why the US can still impose export
               | restrictions on ASML to China.
        
               | depereo wrote:
               | No one else produces the equipment that supports this
               | production process.
        
           | tboughen wrote:
           | You mean like ASML already is? They are the only manufacturer
           | of EUV lithography equipment for fabs.
           | 
           | https://analyticsindiamag.com/is-asml-the-most-important-
           | tec...
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Yep, they are another good example.
             | 
             | Intel is really not _that_ far behind TSMC in the grand
             | scheme of things, though, so it would be good to hang on to
             | them before the situation is totally hopeless.
             | 
             | I'm not aware, at least, of any US competition to ASML.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | Except that Intel currently fabs ASICs for roughly 0% of
               | the cell phone market. TSMC has a massive lead on that
               | front. Intel selling off StrongARM 16 years ago was
               | massively shortsighted.
        
       | retskrad wrote:
       | AMD and Intel make gasoline cars. Their tech is outdated. I am
       | honestly surprised that they have their current market cap. it
       | should be much lower for both.
        
         | aqfamnzc wrote:
         | Are you referrinng to their silicon processes, or their IP?
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | AMD doesn't even have a process do they? So it's presumably
           | about x86_64 and associated IP.
        
         | wyldfire wrote:
         | At the high end, Apple isn't in this market. ARM designs don't
         | really compete well (yet). Graviton3 is great value but it does
         | not unseat EPYC or even Xeon for raw performance.
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | Most servers don't need raw performance from a single chip
           | they can do their workloads by horizontally scaling.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Is there any market segment they are currently competitive in?
       | 
       | I can't think of one.
       | 
       | Even in their darkest days, AMD was winning the "$100-300 desktop
       | with an integrated GPU" segment by a large price-performance
       | margin (vs Atom processors).
        
         | DaniFong wrote:
         | intel is ahead on the top end of the consumer market with its
         | latest gen of processors, in single threaded up to reasonably
         | multithreaded. usually a single thread is pacing for games,
         | even simulations, though it shouldn't be. it's hard to
         | parallelize
        
         | gloryjulio wrote:
         | New intel cpu is competitive in gaming, but with the sacrifice
         | of the power. And amd still has the counter play with 3d cache
         | version which crushes intel on every metric. So yeah..
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | Mindshare. No one got fired for buying
         | IBM/Microsoft/Cisco/Intel/AWS.
        
           | Tsarbomb wrote:
           | I've seen this in action professionally and it drove me up
           | the wall.
           | 
           | At a previous job I had to spec out some hardware procurement
           | on the order of a million dollars over two years, and all of
           | my compute was based around AMD EPYC. The amount of fighting
           | and arguing that this resulted in was wild. These were all
           | still supermicro boxes, still from the same trusted vendor we
           | were using, but I had to spell out many times that we were
           | basically getting double the compute for what we would have
           | got otherwise.
           | 
           | Worst part was when the first shipment arrived and nothing
           | booted and worked and turned it out be a bad batch of drives
           | from micron that had bad controllers, the same ignoramus used
           | it as a "I told you so" moment, even though the vendor
           | confirmed it was a micron issue and immediately shipped over
           | replacements.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | They have some very low power but decent performance cpus like
         | the Pentium Silver N6000 series, but I don't know if they view
         | them as good for lowend NUC like machines.
         | 
         | I would certainly be interested in buying some, just not in the
         | form of the lowend laptops they are currently in.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Intel is leading in lower-end desktop CPUs like the 12100,
         | 12400, and 13600K.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | They win absolute performance on Desktop CPUs but lose on perf-
         | per-watt. An argument could be made for AMD's 5800x3d in
         | gaming, but when paired with a 4090, the intel CPUs take the
         | lead.
        
           | fshbbdssbbgdd wrote:
           | > when paired with a 4090, the intel CPUs take the lead
           | 
           | Crypto mining is out, but enterprising gamers can now defray
           | their costs by operating a steam turbine with waste heat.
        
             | Shared404 wrote:
             | Or making an impromptu campfire!
        
           | pishpash wrote:
           | > They win absolute performance on Desktop CPUs but lose on
           | perf-per-watt.
           | 
           | How is that possible? They have better thermal design or
           | something?
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | no, they just require bigger coolers.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | Intel allows the CPUs to draw significantly more power than
             | AMD does.
             | 
             | These are about the most reliable benchmarks you can find
             | on the internet:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/todoXi1Y-PI?t=342
        
               | pishpash wrote:
               | What's preventing AMD from allowing the same?
        
           | briffle wrote:
           | right, pair your $400 CPU with a $1400 video card, and man,
           | look how fast it is for graphics applications!
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | AMD has a huge gaping pricing hole between AM4 and anything
             | AM5, which makes Intel 13th gen rather more attractive. And
             | the 5800X3D is actually faster than the AM5 parts in some
             | titles iirc
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | Here is the catch; when Intel and AMD presented their
             | slides, nobody could disclose information about the
             | Lovelace performance, and therefore all comparisons were
             | made using a 3090ti, and in that scenario, even in Intel's
             | own graphs, the 5800x3d was actually performing very well;
             | so much so that they were playing coy with its performance;
             | 
             | https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/intel-announce-13th-gen-
             | rap...
        
       | thrillgore wrote:
       | Four words: Too big to fail.
       | 
       | Dark days ahead for Intel.
        
         | uni_rule wrote:
         | The dark times were 2012-17, only just recently in the past 3
         | years have they gotten off their ass in price to performance.
         | They are now steadily improving.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | This is why it's crazy the Fed is trying to tank the economy the
       | same time Congress is trying to do a CHIPS act. Crazy!
       | 
       | If you are trying to do industrial policy you want to run the
       | economy _hot_ , more demand means less need to subsidize, and all
       | the administrative and conflict-of-interest headaches that come
       | with that.
        
         | vanviegen wrote:
         | It seems perfectly reasonable to do both. One may want to cool
         | the economy as a whole to fight inflation, while boosting the
         | local semiconductor industry to gain some digital independence.
        
         | pertymcpert wrote:
         | Some things are more important than the CHIPS act.
        
         | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
         | Demand is largley irrelivant here as these fabs will not be
         | opening in the short term. As long as rates drop when the fabs
         | are _completed_ it will be fine. Besides DoD have almost
         | ulimited funding, and they want this. Remeber the $10B they
         | gave to MS for those useless helmets?
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Controlling persistent high inflation is way more important to
         | the nation than homegrown chips right now.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Hard to say.
           | 
           | I am seeing the service economy wracked by a failure to
           | invest in people, process and technology. Go to a restaurant,
           | hair salon, pharmacy, or attempt to ride the bus (the one I
           | ride in the morning has been canceled) and it is right in
           | front of you.
           | 
           | I know just enough process science to be dangerous, but
           | something I see in all of these cases is very long queues
           | which themselves become a source of disruption and chaos.
           | People seem to think that being willing to wait in line is a
           | sign of maturity, but it is reduced to practice people seem
           | to almost universally not understand that your doctor can't
           | see more patients by making them wait longer.
           | 
           | I was at a Dunkin Donuts the other day and rather shocked
           | that, because of a lack of hash browns, the kitchen was
           | unable to serve _any_ customers waiting in the drive through
           | for almost 30 minutes.
           | 
           | The anti-inflationist would say the problem is that people
           | have money in their pockets to order hash browns that the
           | restaurant can't serve and if we crashed the economy hard
           | enough demand would collapse below supply. My fear is that,
           | without the capital being there to invest in people, process
           | and technology, supply will collapse and we'll be stuck with
           | an economy where "nothing works" but the level of demand
           | keeps dropping.
        
             | supertrope wrote:
             | Customers are generally more forgiving of long lines and
             | quality decrease than price increases.
             | 
             | The value of time is subjective and often not purely
             | rationally weighed. People will run a red light to save 35
             | sec. but then lay on their couch for two hours.
        
       | thriftwy wrote:
       | I remember two decades of Intel having unrivaled smallest fab
       | process and AMD always having larger, hotter chips. To see Intel
       | lagging behind is so unnatural.
        
       | scarface74 wrote:
       | Any public company can get money to fund investments. Netflix has
       | been borrowing money for a decade until recently to fund content
       | at junk bond rates. Intel could probably get much better deals
        
         | RachelF wrote:
         | Intel has been doing the opposite - borrowing money and using
         | profits to do $70B in share buybacks.
         | 
         | The executives get better short term returns on this than by
         | spending money on R&D.
        
       | hedgehog wrote:
       | Tough situation to navigate out of. They lost the process lead,
       | now TSMC in particular does so much more volume that Intel is at
       | a significant scale disadvantage (makes it harder to catch up).
       | The margins in the historically lucrative server business are
       | under threat as Xeon has to compete with hyperscalers' in-house
       | chips as well as credible alternatives from AMD. Moore's law is
       | over so the big performance jumps that justified rapid PC refresh
       | cycles are gone. They have trouble entering new markets
       | themselves and their M&A track record is poor. It seems very
       | possible that Intel will never return to the strong position they
       | enjoyed ten years ago.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | I think that's largely true, but it's also worth pointing out
         | that "Moore's law is over" means that they don't have much
         | "catching up" to do. The truth is that all semiconductor
         | vendors are heading for a future where they're selling an
         | undifferentiated commodity product.
         | 
         | Sure, Intel isn't going to be able to sell Xeons for $1k a pop
         | in a future where anyone can go get their chips fabbed at TSMC.
         | But neither is TSMC going to be able to command the margins
         | they do right now if Apple and NVIDIA know they can trot right
         | over to Intel to get a better deal.
         | 
         | To me, the story here is much more "maturing industry is losing
         | its margins" than it is a two-way horse race.
        
           | disordinary wrote:
           | The differentiator in the server space comes in power
           | management and thermals, all things that AMD does better than
           | intel. AMD also has better yields and better margins because
           | of their chiplet design philosophy.
           | 
           | ARM also has a significant thermal and power edge.
           | 
           | Intel is chasing the top, but actually they should be
           | thinking about efficiency.
        
           | Vt71fcAqt7 wrote:
           | >The truth is that all semiconductor vendors are heading for
           | a future where they're selling an undifferentiated commodity
           | product.
           | 
           | This is what I'm hoping for as well. But there are huge
           | upfront costs (>20b). This will limit the number of potential
           | players.
        
       | Night_Thastus wrote:
       | Compare to pre-pandemic/crypto bubble figures (a couple years
       | back) and then maybe there's something worth talking about.
       | 
       | All of tech was in a nonsense bubble because of the pandemic and
       | crypto. Now that it's over(ish), things are going back to normal.
        
       | cpach wrote:
       | The innovator's dilemma, right?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Not really IMO. Intel's established product lines are plenty
         | profitable... or they would be if Intel wasn't failing to
         | deliver the basics.
        
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