[HN Gopher] The Case of the Missing Fuel: The story of the Stock...
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       The Case of the Missing Fuel: The story of the Stockport air
       disaster
        
       Author : yarapavan
       Score  : 68 points
       Date   : 2022-10-25 15:17 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (admiralcloudberg.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (admiralcloudberg.medium.com)
        
       | ddulaney wrote:
       | Admiral Cloudberg's write-ups are excellent. The MH 370 one is a
       | fascinating read as well, but I'll recommend my favorite air
       | disaster writeup: https://admiralcloudberg.medium.com/lesser-of-
       | two-evils-the-...
       | 
       | Nobody dies, the pilots do exactly the right thing, and the
       | system works! Also, the failure mode and investigation is super
       | in-depth.
        
         | puffoflogic wrote:
         | That is definitely an amazing one. Here's a redacted summary of
         | the story, to convince everyone to click:
         | 
         | We teach pilots never to do X. The pilot of this doomed flight
         | decided to do X. There is _no doubt whatsoever_ that by doing
         | X, he _saved_ the lives of 116 people who otherwise would have
         | died, and doing X was therefore praiseworthy. That said, not
         | only will we continue to teach pilots never ever to do X, we
         | 'll also convince you that this is still the right thing to
         | teach!
         | 
         | (Also shout-out to the pilot monitoring who upon realizing the
         | PF was doing X, exclaimed, "[expletive]! Don't do that!", and
         | then proceeded to help with X, without which help not all the
         | lives would have been saved. An example of where sometimes CRM
         | _does_ mean  "blindly follow".)
         | 
         | This is an excellent introduction to the intellectual field of
         | aviation disaster avoidance and learning from disasters.
        
         | sq_ wrote:
         | I love their write-ups, but I hadn't seen that one before.
         | Crazy story!
         | 
         | It's easy to imagine how scared/shocked Gruseus must've been by
         | a new-to-him pilot trying to abort that late... glad he trusted
         | him in the moment.
        
       | permo-w wrote:
       | I hate it when articles do this. 90% of the story, with a
       | cockteasing line about why the plane went down, then CUT to the
       | full story in extremely deep detail. I understand that the author
       | is trying to circumvent short attention spans by writing a short
       | version to draw the reader into the long version, but please
       | don't information bait
       | 
       | give the information in the beginning and then _I'll_ decide if I
       | want to know a detailed history of the company the plane was
       | owned by, or all the alternative names of the model
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | In paragraph 106,
         | 
         | > it was possible to accidentally transfer fuel between the
         | Argonaut's eight fuel tanks, potentially cutting off one or
         | more engines from its fuel supply, without anyone noticing
        
       | nyanpasu64 wrote:
       | https://scribe.rip/74685ae96cb3
        
       | lallysingh wrote:
       | Looks like a study of adding more controls vs likelihood of
       | screwing things up. Are modern fuel transfer systems this
       | complicated?
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | We've learned a lot in interface design since then and
         | partially because of accidents like this. There's a couple
         | reasons a situation like this is probably highly unlikely; on a
         | 737-800 for example the fuel pump controls and panel are now
         | part of the overhead controls [0] now, the feed controls aren't
         | analogue so you can't accidentally have it partially open to
         | the crossfeed position, and finally the fuel levels and
         | operation are computer monitored now so if you were getting
         | dangerously low on fuel you'd get warnings.
         | 
         | [0] https://i.stack.imgur.com/vw59I.png
        
           | FridayoLeary wrote:
           | >We've learned a lot in interface design since then and
           | partially because of accidents like this
           | 
           | But if you have any illusions that such a thing couldn't
           | happen again look no further then the 737 MAX disasters. It
           | shows how decades of stringent safety standards and lessons
           | learned can be ignored in order for a company to earn a few
           | dollars.
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | Sure issues can recur but this specific problem is highly
             | unlikely to because the issues that lead to it don't exist.
             | Valves aren't directly actuated any more so it's impossible
             | to leave them in a cross-feed configuration without leaving
             | the switch in that position. Also planes can fly with half
             | their engines out now so even if you did lose an engine to
             | accidentally starving it of fuel today the plane would
             | still make it back to land. So much of the design and
             | engineering that lead to this problem just don't exist in
             | modern planes.
             | 
             | The MAX problem also wasn't a recurring problem it was a
             | new one driven by money because of the huge incentive to
             | maintain type compatibility so Boeing or it's customers
             | wouldn't need to completely retrain all the pilots with
             | 737-* type ratings. That combined with the flimsy
             | regulation and oversight provided by the FAA let a safety
             | critical system through with only one sensor driving it's
             | function.
        
               | worik wrote:
               | > Sure issues can recur but this specific problem is
               | highly unlikely to because
               | 
               | These days the automated system to maintain fuel to the
               | engines would fail when the sensor in the fuel tanks
               | malfunctions. It would pump fuel overboard trying to pump
               | fuel from an empty tank into a full one.
               | 
               | Obviously I made that up. The 737-max debacle shows us
               | that we are past peak safety of aeroplanes. We rely too
               | much, now, on automated computer systems which we
               | (computer programmers) know are very expensive to get
               | right. It is much cheaper to have them "almost perfect".
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | _> we are past peak safety of aeroplanes_
               | 
               | I'd bet against that. Deaths per passenger mile have been
               | decreasing continually for decades: https://en.wikipedia.
               | org/wiki/File:Fatalities_per_revenue_pa...
        
       | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
       | I remember reading something similar before, where I think the
       | B-17 had very similar flaps/landing gear controls, and placed
       | close together on the panel, where pilots on short final would
       | pull one lever rather than the other
       | https://ww2aircraft.net/forum/threads/b-17-crashes-due-to-co...
        
         | jabl wrote:
         | One wonders how many WWII planes were lost in 'freak' accidents
         | like these during the war, the cause never being investigated
         | thoroughly since, heck, there was massive carnage going on all
         | the time in the skies and as long as the accident rate was low
         | enough it was acceptable.
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | I've read at least one writeup from 1960s about A-3
           | Skywarrior ending up crashing while practicing touch-and-go
           | (where you touchdown, then immediately take off again to do
           | another practice round).
           | 
           | The pilot has accidentally released the drag chute instead of
           | stowing landing gear, because the controls for both were a)
           | similar b) located near each other c) not clearly visible
           | from left seat.
           | 
           | Afterwards, the drag chute release was moved way elsewhere.
        
       | jimmySixDOF wrote:
       | I thought his might be another case [1] where there was an
       | imperial to metric conversion problem that led to insufficient
       | fuel on board and a semi miraculous glide down landing where
       | thankfully everyone walked away. The story is far more nuanced on
       | examination and for those interested Tim Harford [2] has an
       | excellent Cautionary Tales podcast episode outlining the details
       | within a wider context.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/30/us/jet-s-fuel-ran-out-
       | aft...
       | 
       | [2] https://timharford.com/2022/09/cautionary-tales-when-the-
       | pla...
        
       | cperciva wrote:
       | See also the Azores Glider, where a fuel leak was made worse by
       | rebalancing the fuel between tanks -- resulting in both engines
       | dying instead of just one.
       | 
       | Fortunately the story of the Azores Glider has a happy ending;
       | that set a record for the longest unpowered glide in a passenger
       | aircraft, at 121 km, and made a successful emergency landing with
       | no fatalities and only two serious injuries.
        
       | atdrummond wrote:
       | These kind of incidents are why most commercial-use three/four
       | engine planes usually had flight engineers. The DC-3 and DC-4
       | were exceptions; the Boeing 307 and 377, DC-6, DC-7, and
       | Constellation reciprocating engine models all required engineers.
       | Likewise many early three and four engined jets also were flown
       | with engineers. See: Boeing 707, 727, early 747, DC-8, DC-10,
       | L-1011.
        
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       (page generated 2022-10-25 23:01 UTC)