[HN Gopher] The Canon Cat
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Canon Cat
        
       Author : maguay
       Score  : 165 points
       Date   : 2022-10-21 08:02 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reproof.app)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reproof.app)
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | The keyboard is intriguing: the two "LEAP" keys before the
       | spacebar, obviously to be used with the thumbs, are not
       | dissimilar to what some ergonomic keyboards are now using.
       | Apparently they're both labelled "LEAP" on the top of the key
       | while on the side it's written "LEAP AGAIN" (that's what I see
       | from googling a few images). On Wikipedia it says these keys are
       | for "incremental string search".
        
         | robinhouston wrote:
         | They're briefly explained later in the article. It sounds as
         | though they function similarly to ? and / in vim.
        
           | whartung wrote:
           | Closer is eMacs ^s and ^r. You csn type ^stext and it will
           | jump to the next instance of 'text'. Keep hitting ^s and you
           | continue searching.
           | 
           | Pedantically it's a keystroke less than / <enter>.
           | 
           | The distinction is that the Leap key is more like a shift key
           | bs how vim and emacs works.
        
             | retrocryptid wrote:
             | Yup. Jef was big on eliminating modes, so came up with the
             | LEAP "semi-mode". Emacs ctrl-s enters a mode that you use
             | ctrl-g to escape (or at least that's what I use, there are
             | probably many other ways to exit search mode.)
             | 
             | Subsequent ctrl-s presses in emacs is the equivalent of the
             | "USE FRONT" / "LEAP AGAIN" key press.
        
         | retrocryptid wrote:
         | If you press and release the LEAP key, it advances the cursor
         | one character forward (or backwards if you hit the left leap
         | key.)
         | 
         | If you press down (but do not release) the LEAP key you enter a
         | search semi-mode. As you type a search term in this semi-mode,
         | the cursor moves to the first instance of that search term it
         | finds. After moving to the first instance of the search term,
         | you release the leap key to exit the search semi-mode.
         | 
         | If you want to move the cursor to a subsequent instance of the
         | search term, you press (and do not release) the "USE FRONT" key
         | and press the leap key again (whose key front is labeled "Leap
         | Again.")
         | 
         | You can see this in action in this YouTube video, but it
         | happens pretty fast so you have to watch carefully:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/o_TlE_U_X3c
        
         | jessegrosjean wrote:
         | Is anyone aware of other apps that clone Cannon Cat's leap
         | feature? I've always wanted to implement in my own editors, but
         | it's never quite reached top of the list.
         | 
         | VIM search is similar in some ways, but not sure it's really
         | the same thing. I don't know VIM well, but it seems to be
         | missing many of the little details, anyway would be interested
         | to know about any other apps.
        
           | Klaster_1 wrote:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33137433
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archy_(software)#Leaping
           | 
           | > Archy is a software system whose user interface introduced
           | a different approach for interacting with computers with
           | respect to traditional graphical user interfaces. Designed by
           | human-computer interface expert Jef Raskin, it embodies his
           | ideas and established results about human-centered design
           | described in his book The Humane Interface. These ideas
           | include content persistence, modelessness, a nucleus with
           | commands instead of applications, navigation using
           | incremental text search, and a zooming user interface (ZUI).
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | > The system provides two commands, Leap-forward and Leap-
             | backward, invoked through dedicated keys (meant to be
             | pressed with the thumbs), that move the cursor to the next
             | and prior position that contains the search string. Leaping
             | is performed as a quasimode operation: press the Leap key
             | and, while holding it, type the text that you want to
             | search; finally release the Leap key. This process is
             | intended to habituate the user and turn cursor positioning
             | into a reflex.
             | 
             | > Leaping to document landmarks such as next or previous
             | word, line, page, section, and document amounts to leaping
             | to Space, New line, Page, and Document characters, which
             | are inserted using the Spacebar, Enter, Page and Document
             | keys respectively.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | I suspect that Shortcat app recently advertised here was
           | named after it. If not, it is a cool coincidence.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | It basically works like C-x C-s in Emacs, but within even
         | easier reach since you're in search mode as long as you hold
         | down the LEAP key, and releasing it puts you back in regular
         | editing mode.
        
           | throwaway290 wrote:
           | Is there a way to create such mappings in vim? E.g. pressed
           | Shift sends vim to inc search mode and any input goes to
           | search string.
        
       | retrocryptid wrote:
       | I take issue with the "forgotten" moniker. I use my cat every
       | other day.
        
       | rubenv wrote:
       | I'm sure this may be interesting, but with such low contrast it's
       | simply impossible to read.
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | I understand the mild annoyance but this is a problem easily
         | solved by clicking the "Toggle reader view" button on your
         | browser.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | And you could install an extension to get rid of those
           | "subscribe to the newsletter" popups etc.
           | 
           | Or you could let the authors know they're doing things wrong.
           | Applying technical solutions to bad content sources only
           | encourages their existence.
           | 
           | Edit: in this case, the article didn't seem unbearably low
           | contrast to me. I guess mileage may vary with monitor.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | > Edit: in this case, the article didn't seem unbearably
             | low contrast to me. I guess mileage may vary with monitor.
             | 
             | Hence my suggestion for a technical solution.
             | 
             | Additionnally the beauty of the web is that for the most
             | part[1] the user has full control over how he want to show
             | the content as the code is interpreted locally. Custom css,
             | your own fonts, which js you execute, your own page
             | treatment. You can do whatever post treatment you want with
             | the content provided.
             | 
             | [1] Lazy loading through javascript makes it a bit less
             | true but it rarely concern opinion/text stuff and for the
             | most part web applications on which data can be also
             | accessed through an api. The rest are dubious social medias
             | that try to steal your life, attention span, privacy and
             | make you an addict for commercial purpose and are best
             | avoided like all hard and dangerous drugs.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > Additionnally the beauty of the web is that for the
               | most part[1] the user has full control over how he want
               | to show the content as the code is interpreted locally.
               | Custom css, your own fonts, which js you execute, your
               | own page treatment. You can do whatever post treatment
               | you want with the content provided.
               | 
               | Your time is free?
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | It's interesting that the Cat came out in 1987, the same year as
       | the Cambridge Z88.
       | 
       | The Z88 cost 250 pounds (about US$400 at the time), which would
       | make it a lot cheaper than the Cat.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | The Cambridge Z88 is immediately what jump to mind on reading
         | this for me too.
         | 
         | I still sometimes wonder if I should finally buy one. They were
         | wonderful little machines.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Z88
        
           | mst wrote:
           | I had one of those!
           | 
           | Very cool piece of kit for its time.
        
       | jessegrosjean wrote:
       | If you are interested in Canon Cat these are two good sites:
       | 
       | - Documents: http://www.canoncat.net
       | 
       | - Web based emulator: https://archive.org/details/canoncat
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | IMVHO _all_ "big of IT" have done their best to castrate users
       | ability to use a computer instead of being used by it like a
       | piece of a machine.
       | 
       | Computing is power, if users get such power they improve,
       | becoming less easy to milk and steer. That's why we see a war
       | against the desktop concept from Xerox, initially by IBM and then
       | by all others.
        
         | blowski wrote:
         | Linux and emacs might be massively powerful in the hands of a
         | competent, experienced computer user sitting mostly at their
         | desk. For somebody with less time and competence, a tablet can
         | give them much more power because they can use it straight
         | away, in many situations.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | You can use Emacs straight away too. Every version I have
           | installed in the last few years uses CUA (Common User Access)
           | key assignments for copying and pasting and a toolbar that
           | makes it easy to open and save documents.
        
           | kkfx wrote:
           | GNU/Linux as a bootloader to Emacs can give a competent,
           | patient and experienced computer user an usable enough
           | desktop to get a real damn desktop system to work with, and
           | that sorry state is not due to nature of such system but lack
           | of real development toward a generic target.
           | 
           | Just see mails in Emacs, in a classic desktop word mails
           | would be base64-encoded/makeself-alike archives files to be
           | dropped in the recipient mail server, a FAR simpler thing
           | than IMAP. All the end users have to do is choose an
           | available domain name, with a main address and any alias they
           | like. In the present world nothing stop a dev write a simple
           | Email package in Emacs wrapping fetchmail/maildrop/notmuch to
           | offer a simple config and automatically do the rest, only
           | it's not there because we are too few to use Emacs like that
           | and so there is no interest in such development.
           | 
           | Similarly office guys have FAR MORE interests in present
           | directly and simply in org-mode instead of wasting time in
           | PowerPoint/Impress/*, but they simply do not know org-mode
           | even exists. The few org-mode users have not much reasons in
           | a tremendous education effort who should start from schools
           | instead of wasting public resources to feed some GAFAM
           | surveillance business to teach equally complicated, but
           | limited and limiting tools, to children. Consider that: a
           | modern tablet i NOT at ALL more friendly than Emacs, it's
           | easier only because being far more widespread people already
           | know that with knowledge absorbed a bit at a time as we
           | absorb our mother language in our childhood and when we start
           | learning it formally we already know it more than enough.
           | 
           | Let's say you want to know your spending habit: how a modern
           | tablet on-sale can really be powerful? How on contrary can
           | serve such and so many other purposes well in Emacs/org-mode?
           | In a fictional world how powerful is just grab their
           | transaction from ofx FEEDS (not manual exports) in a local
           | fully-integrated application instead of wasting time on
           | countless of spying crapplications and slow services for
           | doing very limited things with them? It's better for you a
           | computing centered on you or one who use you for someone else
           | profits just living some breadcrumbs to keep yourself
           | engaged? It's better a fully integrated computing or a
           | service-centered one?
        
       | dchest wrote:
       | Software written in Forth. Here's a video showing its interpreter
       | mode and Forth words https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZomNp9TyPY
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | It just shows the genius of Steve Jobs. Jeff's Macintosh would be
       | an utterly boring, dumb, and limited machine.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | It wasn't designed to be a general purpose computer. It was
         | designed to be a word processor.
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | Most of the ideas and rules there, like "auto-save changes,
       | restart where you left off, and make commands accessible
       | everywhere" have been a core of the Mac experience since over a
       | decade and a big reason for why I've loved them since jumping
       | ship from Windows.
        
       | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
       | It's funny that many of the principles like "Auto-save changes",
       | "Restart where you left off", "Make commands accessible
       | everywhere", "Use words instead of icons" are qualities I enjoy
       | on Emacs, and qualities that derived from the Lisp machines also.
       | 
       | The only conflicting point is "Never allow customization", which
       | I guess is where typical user needs diverges from expert user.
       | Everything else seems to be universal of good UIs.
        
         | retrocryptid wrote:
         | What customizations do you want to make? I made a few macros in
         | FORTH, but that's probably not what you're talking about. Plus,
         | those macros were stored on floppies, not nvram or a hard disk,
         | so you had to remember which macros you put on which disk.
         | 
         | But yeah, you can't change the desktop image on the Cat (cause
         | there is no desktop.) And you can't change window border width
         | (cause there are no windows.) It's a very focused interface.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 0x445442 wrote:
         | Yeah Cat vs. Mac is just a proxy for Lisp Machine vs Smalltalk.
        
           | msla wrote:
           | I'd be happy if you didn't impugn Smalltalk so, as it was a
           | marvelously customizable system.
        
       | emptyparadise wrote:
       | Jef Raskin's _The Humane Interface_ is a very good read. I didn
       | 't find myself agreeing with many of its proposed solutions to
       | HCI problems, but it does an incredibly good job of identifying
       | the issues that we still have to this day with user interfaces.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | predictsoft wrote:
       | The other day was a story about the CueCat. I always got confused
       | between the CueCat and the Canon Cat!
        
       | lisper wrote:
       | > design the computer to fit the human's needs
       | 
       | The problem: different humans need different things. But Apple
       | nowadays operates as if everyone needs the same things, at least
       | in terms of UI/UX. If your actual needs (or desires) differ from
       | Apple's preconceived notions, you are simply out of luck.
        
         | asadlionpk wrote:
         | or are holding it wrong!
        
       | Roark66 wrote:
       | The "don't use icons, use words" rule resonates with me. I really
       | dislike android drawing(and other similar) apps that present a
       | cluttered interface with a dozen of cryptic icons.I much prefer
       | words. Also having each widget take a lot more space forces the
       | designer to really think about the value of adding one vs hiding
       | it.
       | 
       | Multilevel menus are IMO definitely better. If the app is a real
       | productivity app people will spend ages in adding an ability to
       | add "shortcuts" to some most often items will provide power users
       | with ability to reach them quickly.
        
         | jpe-210 wrote:
         | But users can grow accustomed to what an icon means over time
         | right? It happened with the floppy disk icon, the notification
         | bell, open folder, etc. If you start it out as
         | [icon][description] for the first few iterations wouldn't the
         | user eventually learn to associate the icon for the action?
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _But users can grow accustomed to what an icon means over
           | time right?_
           | 
           | Only if you use the same program all the time, and only if
           | that program never changes.
           | 
           | I use Adobe Illustrator a couple of times a year. There's no
           | way I'm going to remember how to do very much from the ten
           | minutes I used it in March to the next time I need it in
           | October. And by then, the process is likely to have changed
           | because the program got auto-updated by the Almighty
           | Cloud(tm).
        
           | alxlaz wrote:
           | That only works if icons remain consistent and reasonably
           | detailed over long periods of time. Nowadays all icons are
           | abstract, monochrome shapes. They are similar enough to each
           | other, and vary enough from one application to another, that
           | one application's "back" or "new" buttons can look pretty
           | similar to another's "undo" or "copy" buttons. With most apps
           | on my phone I have no idea what the buttons do unless I press
           | them, even if I'm perfectly familiar with the function.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | I can only learn colorful icons. B&W ones I cannot recognize
           | even after a long time. E.g. right now I'm looking at my
           | opera sidebar and cannot quickly decide which icon is
           | history. Much easier to open O-menu and navigate from there,
           | which is what I always do to erase that last hour. Same for
           | downloads - I know _where_ they are at the top-right corner
           | and I click  "Show more" there instead. Can't find it in
           | sidebar without thinking twice.
           | 
           | Btw, I have no trouble using Paint.NET. I just made a
           | screenshot of its UI and turned B&W. Icons instantly became
           | less discernible, and that still with correct shades of grey.
           | If they were this modern outline-abstract bullshit, I
           | couldn't use it at all and would look for an alternative.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | For better or worse, the web (and now all the various
           | portable devices we carry around) introduced users to all
           | manner of user interfaces. I think we're a little more
           | flexible now. Or are we a little haggard?
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > The "don't use icons, use words" rule resonates with me. I
         | really dislike android drawing(and other similar) apps that
         | present a cluttered interface with a dozen of cryptic icons.I
         | much prefer words.
         | 
         | Yeah. I've used a Mac for the last few years at work, and I
         | think the Windows task bar is unambiguously superior to the
         | dock. A big part of that is how it integrates text, which just
         | seem to take _far_ less cognitive load to process. With the
         | dock, I frequently have to pause for a couple of seconds and
         | try to remember which inscrutably-styled circle I need to find
         | to open the app I want.
         | 
         | Though a dock interface would probably be better if each app
         | picked a distinct object to use as its icon, rather than the
         | design-collapse we've had where all icons are either some
         | circle or rounded square (often with a circle inside).
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > A big part of that is how it integrates text
           | 
           | Interestingly, I just looked at my Win11 taskbar. The only
           | text there is "type here to search".
           | 
           | I have a KDE taskbar at the same computer. It currently has a
           | similar number of open windows, all with enough text to
           | understand not only what application they are, but also what
           | I'm doing there. (Except for emacs. Emacs could use some
           | better title texts.)
        
           | mcguire wrote:
           | Have you looked at the Acme editor?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acme_(text_editor)
        
           | andrekandre wrote:
           | > design-collapse we've had where all icons are either some
           | circle or rounded square (often with a circle inside).
           | 
           | ive noticed this myself, now that almost all icons after
           | bigsur have the same shape it takes me a lot longer to find
           | anything in the dock / applications folder
           | 
           | this is really frustrating and disappointing to see things
           | like this deteriorate like this and nobody seems able to stop
           | it...
        
           | gcanyon wrote:
           | I find your interpretation of the dock interesting,
           | especially because _I 've never used the dock_.
           | - I don't use it to launch applications, I use launchpad for
           | that.       - I don't use it to open files in a given app, I
           | right-click and use the contextual menu for that.       - I
           | don't use it to delete files, I use command-delete for that.
           | - I don't use it to get to downloads, I use the Finder for
           | that.       - I don't use it to switch applications, I use
           | command-tab for that.       - I don't know what else it's
           | good for, or what I do instead.
           | 
           | I say this as someone who has used Mac OS X since it
           | launched: the dock is useless to me; I have it hidden, and if
           | there were a way to permanently kill it, I absolutely would.
        
             | tibanne wrote:
             | Same, I make it quite small, put it on the right, and
             | autohide it, and it still annoys me.
        
             | lone-commenter wrote:
             | To "disable" the Dock -- not really: it will pop up
             | sometimes, e.g. when some icon bounces, but anyway -- you
             | can                   defaults write com.apple.Dock
             | autohide -bool true         defaults write com.apple.Dock
             | autohide-delay -float 100         killall Dock
             | 
             | Here 100 is how many seconds you will have to keep the
             | cursor on the edge of the screen before the Dock appears.
             | You could set it to 3 or 5 should you need the Dock
             | sometimes but don't want to trigger it by accident.
             | 
             | [Edit: Autohide can be toggled on/off also with [?]+[?]+D.
             | You can use the combination to show/hide the Dock, paired
             | with a high autohide delay.]
        
               | gcanyon wrote:
               | Thanks! Yep, I used to set the delay to a long time, but
               | I gave it up because my post above is a _slight_ lie --
               | when something pops up in the dock to notify me, I go to
               | the dock to see what the heck it was. That _one_ use case
               | caused me to give up setting a long delay because of how
               | f 'ing annoying it is for something to pop up, and then
               | need (I think I set it to) 5 seconds to figure out what
               | it was.
        
         | Jiro wrote:
         | The fewer words you use, the easier it is to localize for other
         | languages, which I suspect is why a lot of things are like
         | this. And a lot of things that don't need localization are
         | probably designed by people who saw all the ones that were
         | created that way and copied them without understanding.
        
         | kbr2000 wrote:
         | The exmh E-mail client frontend used this: https://rand-
         | mh.sourceforge.io/book/exmh/thexmdi.html
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | And if it's not cryptic icons it's undiscoverable actions or
         | swipes... How come all the lessons of UI design that were known
         | in the 90s got so completely forgotten?
         | 
         | I wonder how the standard is at these sort of software shops.
         | If the SV dev/designer can navigate through the app then it's
         | good to go? I don't know...
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Multilevel menus, like drawers in a workshop, hide tools.
         | 
         | At least keep the square, block plane and pencil within easy
         | reach.
        
         | zasdffaa wrote:
         | Icons are used for a very good reason; us humans have a
         | remarkable visual memory. Also we can distinguish icons by
         | appearance faster than by words. Also words are language
         | specific, icons... it's more complex...
         | 
         | I can't provide evidence of this ATM but I did do a degree in a
         | related subject.
         | 
         | (I'm ignoring significant visual impairment here)
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | > Icons are used for a very good reason; us humans have a
           | remarkable visual memory.
           | 
           | That's why since some 10 years they change it regularly.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I once designed an app with a lovely iconic interface.
           | 
           | The customers _hated_ it.
           | 
           | The next release had a lot more text.
           | 
           | For one thing, icons tend not to translate well. We're best
           | off using ISO icons[0], but designers _hate_ them, and always
           | insist on reinventing the wheel.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#home
        
             | zasdffaa wrote:
             | > The customers hated it.
             | 
             | Sigh. You screwed up. You gave the users what you wanted to
             | give, not what they wanted. You must always test & iterate.
             | 
             | > The next release had a lot more text.
             | 
             | Yes, I was too general - different interface needs must get
             | different interfaces. Sometimes icons aren't appropriate,
             | sometimes icons + text is better, sometimes you have to get
             | creative.
             | 
             | > For one thing, icons tend not to translate well
             | 
             | I said that.
             | 
             | > We're best off using ISO icons[0], but designers hate
             | them, and always insist on reinventing the wheel.
             | 
             | That's a flaw in the designers, not the icons then. Are you
             | blaming the icons for that failure?
             | 
             | Edit: those icons don't seem to have anything to do with
             | standard computer desktop UIs AFAICS, am I missing
             | somethign?
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I don't understand the hostility. I simply told a story
               | about one of the many "bad judgment" stories that I have
               | encountered, and the lessons learned, therein.
               | 
               | I wasn't asking for judgment.
        
               | zasdffaa wrote:
               | Was intended as blunt, not hostile (how does it come
               | across hostile?).
               | 
               | WRT 'giving the users what you want not what they want',
               | that's a classic mistake I've made several times and
               | finally learnt from. Hopefully you can get there faster
               | than I did.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I did, many years ago. The story is from about 1993.
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | > We're best off using ISO icons
             | 
             | Hm, first time seeing this and not getting any good
             | results. Here are the results for "save"
             | https://i.imgur.com/UC4H3jE.png.
             | 
             | Are you sure any of these are meant for a technical
             | context?
        
               | 411111111111111 wrote:
               | The first one is "to indicate the entered data is saved"
               | and it's been registered since 2004. I think it's more in
               | the context of forms and less about saving a modified
               | file.
               | 
               | Never seen it before either.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Yeah, their browser sucks.
               | 
               | I have a few collections that I downloaded, that have
               | software-relevant ones.
        
               | guenthert wrote:
               | icon #6177 was bewildering. Apparently it is for "use on
               | equipment" in the "eltrotechnical" domain. Without too
               | much of a stretch of imagination, I can see a graph on an
               | oscilloscope there, but why for 'save' and not for
               | 'print' or selecting the time domain in a multi-function
               | device?
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | If you enter "data" instead, you'll get the full context
               | of the only one of those four which is applicable.
               | 
               | I could quibble with some details of how these icons are
               | designed, but I like that read and write point in the
               | same directions as the carets in Unix redirects.
               | 
               | That leaves up for "make data leave this device and go
               | elsewhere", with down for "make a local copy of this
               | data", aka upload and download.
               | 
               | I must confess, however, if I saw the ISO icons in the
               | wild, I wouldn't understand them. This is while already
               | being aware of their existence.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | And to be fair, the 1984 Macintosh relied on text far more
         | heavily than icons. The trash can even said "Trash" underneath
         | it!
         | 
         | What Jobs wanted to build was indeed radically different from
         | Raskin's vision. But many of the underlying ideas and
         | principles ("No modes!") were preserved to valuable effect.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Icons reinforced with text are amazing, because people can
           | learn what the icon is, and then you can reference without
           | text at times when there isn't enough room.
        
           | rileyphone wrote:
           | "No modes" was Larry Tesler, not Raskin.
        
             | twoodfin wrote:
             | I know, but it's a principle that Raskin endorsed & you
             | also see in the Cat.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | It's almost an irony, given where they're deployed, but icons
         | are an interface which favors the expert over the beginner.
         | 
         | iOS has terrible discoverability, you'd think Apple could
         | afford to release a detailed manual, but once you've figured
         | out what all the icons and gestures mean and do, it's fluid.
         | 
         | A better example is any photo or vector editor you've ever
         | used. They all have tons of icons, all over the place, and if
         | you want to use them, you do need to figure out what they mean.
         | Even with keyboard shortcuts, the selected tool is indicated
         | with the icon.
         | 
         | Programmers are heavily biased towards using words for
         | everything, it's a strength in the context of the profession.
         | The "any text can be selected and run as a command" interfaces
         | are a dead end, but I'm in favor of revival, it's a great match
         | for the kind of work we do.
         | 
         | But if you give an artist a drawing tool with only "Tool-Lasso-
         | Magic Lasso" as an interface, they just won't use it.
        
           | whywhywhywhy wrote:
           | >iOS has terrible discoverability,
           | 
           | I've used it since v1 and still don't know how to do some
           | things reliably.
           | 
           | Lately some weird new copy and paste bar appears, no idea how
           | I'm triggering it. I mean if it works better than the OG
           | awful copy paste menu I'd be all for it but how the heck is
           | it even appearing.
           | 
           | Don't get me started on the camera app, can never figure out
           | how to get the flash setting how I want it. It tries to be
           | smart but stops me just setting it as I want. Need apple to
           | trust me when I know long exposure won't be enough
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Every year or two, I figure I really should read up on what
             | new features/changes Apple has added to iOS (or iPadOS)
             | that I don't know about. (And, because I so rarely use, I
             | still never know how to use the split screen stuff in
             | iPadOS.)
        
               | bitexploder wrote:
               | Split screen is easy. Tap drag from top middle down and
               | to a side. App takes up less than all of screen if app
               | supports it. Anchor it to a side. Tap another app. Done.
               | Not intuitive at all, though.
        
               | projektfu wrote:
               | iPad OS frequently pulls up a file list that I am not
               | sure where it came from that is extremely hard to dismiss
               | (no close box and obvious gestures are mockingly not
               | effective). I eventually get rid of it and forget how.
               | The whole process makes me feel like an 80 year old
               | facing DOS.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Right. That's sort of my point though. When I haven't
               | used it in 4 months, I forget and can't figure it out
               | without looking it up.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Its so stupid, because on a mac for touchpad gestures
               | they have these nice demonstration videos built in. They
               | have what could be a great model for this documentation
               | already.
        
             | kemayo wrote:
             | > Lately some weird new copy and paste bar appears, no idea
             | how I'm triggering it.
             | 
             | iOS 13 added a whole set of gestures that all key off of
             | three-fingered interactions with the screen. Just tapping
             | with three fingers shows that bar, which is probably all
             | you're managing to do accidentally.
             | 
             | The rest: three-fingered pinch-closed to copy ("picking
             | up"); three-fingered pinch-open to paste ("putting down");
             | three-finger swiping left/right for undo/redo... and three-
             | finger double-tap for an undo shortcut.
             | 
             | Totally agree this is undiscoverable, but it's also fairly
             | well gated behind a single root gesture so once you
             | understand the trigger it's memorable.
        
               | whywhywhywhy wrote:
               | Wow thanks. Yeah no idea that was a thing. Think I
               | remember seeing the bar during WWDC and assumed it
               | replaced the existing one.
               | 
               | A cheat sheet or a tutorial like the OG Mac mouse
               | tutorial would go a long way.
        
           | gcanyon wrote:
           | > iOS has terrible discoverability
           | 
           | I think you mean: a touch interface makes discoverability
           | especially difficult, and iOS doesn't do enough to address
           | this.
        
           | prox wrote:
           | Menu's are beginner level, icons are for intermediates and
           | keyboard shortcuts are for experts. All are necessary.
           | 
           | Tutorials are for onboarding and getting the beginners
           | started.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | In my experience artists using complex software actually
           | prefer text labels to an endless sea of icons. High-end
           | visual effects software tends to use text buttons.
           | 
           | Twenty years ago, when there still was competition in high-
           | end 3D packages, before Autodesk bought everybody and
           | monopolized the market, there was a race between Maya and
           | Softimage XSI. The latter was generally praised for its
           | artist-friendly UI which used text labels while Maya was
           | icon-heavy and seen more as a technically oriented tool.
        
           | 0x445442 wrote:
           | Yeah I would love to see references to studies that attempt
           | to categorize these disparate use cases you've described. On
           | the one hand, there does seem to be a clear demarcation
           | between an interface that's facilitating information creation
           | and retrieval versus ones that facilitate more artistic
           | endeavors such as photo and video editing. On the other hand,
           | you have use cases like Autocad which seem to blur the lines.
        
             | prox wrote:
             | Read the book "About Face : on Interaction Design" , you
             | are describing different "postures" of application. It's a
             | must read if you want to stop guessing about what interface
             | fits where. It's my bible as it were.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > But if you give an artist a drawing tool with only "Tool-
           | Lasso-Magic Lasso" as an interface, they just won't use it.
           | 
           | I just can't fail to remember how every architect absolutely
           | loves the AutoCad CLI.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _iOS has terrible discoverability_
           | 
           | Absolutely. I really don't understand how people think that
           | making controls invisible is in any way useful, or user-
           | friendly. To me, the worst is "We just showed you this big
           | screen of options. But we're not going to show you that you
           | can search the options if you drag the screen downward to
           | reveal a search bar. But you wouldn't think to do that
           | anyway, because pulling down on a screen is the Refresh
           | function in other places."
           | 
           |  _you 'd think Apple could afford to release a detailed
           | manual_
           | 
           | It does: https://books.apple.com/book/id6443146864
           | 
           |  _but once you 've figured out what all the icons and
           | gestures mean and do, it's fluid_
           | 
           | Yep. How to do something in iOS _n_ is not how to do
           | something in iOS _n+1_.
           | 
           | By the time you read through Apple's 74 page manual, you have
           | a new version of iOS and have to start over again.
           | 
           | I'd rather spend time with my cat and my family than re-learn
           | every piece of tech from every giant tech company over and
           | over again.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | > _It does:https://books.apple.com/book/id6443146864_
             | 
             | I wish I was joking: my first iPhone was a 4, and you're
             | telling me this for the first time.
             | 
             | Did I mention that discoverability is terrible? I'm sure
             | that URL was printed in tiny gray text on that tiny piece
             | of paper you always throw away first...
             | 
             | On the bright side, I'm going to read it. Thanks.
        
               | reaperducer wrote:
               | _I 'm sure that URL was printed in tiny gray text on that
               | tiny piece of paper you always throw away first_
               | 
               | You are correct. That's exactly where it is.
               | 
               | Or maybe was. Because I don't remember seeing it this
               | time with the latest phone. Maybe it's not even there
               | now.
               | 
               | Maybe it's in the Tips app now.
               | 
               | It used to be available as a PDF, but I could only find
               | it in Apple Books.
        
               | SllX wrote:
               | > Did I mention that discoverability is terrible?
               | 
               | Apple does also include the Tips app, with notifications
               | for it turned on by default. In previous iterations if
               | you read all the tips for your new phone, it would point
               | you to the iPhone User Guide; now it's just at the bottom
               | if you scroll all the way down and you don't have to read
               | it in Apple Books anymore.
               | 
               | iPhones have a lot of new features every year, so I find
               | it helpful to go through the Tips app at least once every
               | new OS release and also every phone purchase and I
               | usually learn a couple of new things by doing so.
        
             | bantunes wrote:
             | It's Apple-think. I showed someone I know (who used to work
             | at Apple) my SailfishOS phone, and this was before iOS
             | added gestures to manage apps. SailfishOS had those "pull
             | down to minimize" and so on gestures before iOS, and when
             | he tried them out he said they were terrible UX because
             | they were hard to discover.
             | 
             | As soon as iOS added them, they were the future of mobile
             | UIs.
        
               | pram wrote:
               | The whole flicking 'cards' to manage apps thing was from
               | WebOS.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | Flicking cards was the absolute best part of webos. It
               | was irrationally entertaining.
        
               | 0x445442 wrote:
               | What made it great was the Palm Pre's size made it so
               | ergonomic to hold the phone one handed and manipulate the
               | cards with the thumb.
        
         | Tijdreiziger wrote:
         | Words in interfaces are terrible unless a lot of thought goes
         | into localization.
         | 
         | For example, consider an American UI designer creating a 'Save'
         | button. Now, translate the button to Dutch ('Opslaan').
         | 
         | What you'll see very often is that the button is only wide
         | enough for the English text ('Save'), so 'Opslaan' gets
         | rendered as something like 'Ops...', which is obviously a
         | terrible experience.
         | 
         | I just set my computer and phone interfaces to English to
         | sidestep this problem, but not everyone wants to do this.
        
           | afandian wrote:
           | It's been a decade since I did any app development on MacOS.
           | But I do recall having to create a separate dialog box XIB
           | resource for each language, with different sized buttons.
        
             | galad87 wrote:
             | That's not needed anymore when using auto-layout,
             | introduced in 10.7 if I remember correctly.
        
           | 0x445442 wrote:
           | Why does the word "save" need to be in a button? The claim
           | that natural language is an inferior interface is up for
           | debate.
        
             | ziddoap wrote:
             | I'm pretty confident that "save" is only one of many
             | examples where this issue can happen.
             | 
             | > _The claim that natural language is an inferior interface
             | is up for debate._
             | 
             | They only said that it requires much more thought, not that
             | the debate is finished with their comment.
        
           | KerrAvon wrote:
           | On any Apple platform, that would be considered a serious
           | bug. It shouldn't ever be a problem in SwiftUI, and you can
           | achieve the necessary dynamism without too much trouble by
           | using layout constraints in both AppKit and UIKit.
        
             | code_duck wrote:
             | Apple's own products do this often. For instance, an
             | instrument in one of my tracks in iOS GarageBand is listed
             | as "Kind...ass". It's supposed to be "Kindergarten Bass".
             | 
             | https://i.redd.it/0ncp6hgad7v91.jpg
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _I really dislike android drawing(and other similar) apps that
         | present a cluttered interface with a dozen of cryptic icons.I
         | much prefer words._
         | 
         | Or at least give me a choice.
         | 
         | I like how many macOS programs let you have both the icon and
         | the name of the icon under it in the toolbar. It's especially
         | helpful when I'm new to a program and learning its functions.
         | 
         | But opening something like Photoshop or Affinity Photo or
         | Illustrator that I only use maybe once every few months, and
         | it's all hieroglyphics.
         | 
         | And Photoshop makes it worse by piling multiple functions into
         | one icon. So flood fill and gradient are the same icon, and box
         | and circle are the same icon; so the tooltip is useless.
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | Oh, no, Adobe does it _even worse_ than just a tooltip.
           | 
           | Rich tooltips! Big fancy full-color tooltips! That still
           | don't really show you how the feature works, and also doesn't
           | explain there are more features under that icon menu. That
           | obscure huge chunks of the icons next to them, and are
           | patronizing and annoying to seasoned users.
           | 
           | https://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/rich-tool-tips-
           | ph...
        
         | guenthert wrote:
         | Yeah and don't get me started on "swipe up/down for volume"
         | (VLC on iPad).
        
       | al_be_back wrote:
       | More like Canon Emacs!
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Leap Technology (1987) [video]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33137433 - Oct 2022 (40
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Canon Cat: The Writing Information Appliance (2004)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30836958 - March 2022 (42
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Demo of the Canon Cat computer released in 1987 with 'leap'
       | feature [video]_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29423545
       | - Dec 2021 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Canon Cat_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26213934 -
       | Feb 2021 (31 comments)
       | 
       |  _Leap Technology (keyboard vs. mouse on a Canon Cat machine, ca
       | 1987)_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22042900 - Jan 2020
       | (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Canon Cat Emulation_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18032916 - Sept 2018 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Canon Cat Resources - Jef Raskin 's Forth-Powered Word
       | Processing Appliance_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14650365 - June 2017 (23
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Canon Cat_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6978587 -
       | Dec 2013 (30 comments)
       | 
       |  _Canon Cat Documents Archive_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3394546 - Dec 2011 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Canon Cat_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=595744 - May
       | 2009 (15 comments)
        
       | msla wrote:
       | I remember reading about Raskin's work on Ward's wiki, back
       | before Ward and crew made it unusable. I wrote some pretty heated
       | diatribes against it, which I'm not going to do now, but I will
       | push back on one of his dogmas:
       | 
       | > Never allow customization: Consistency, though, led Raskin's
       | perhaps most controversial idea, prompted by the trouble he saw
       | customers have with documentation. "Customizations are software
       | design changes that are not reflected in the documentation," and
       | as a documentarian, this could not stand. The designer knows best
       | --something that comes through strongest in Apple's products--and
       | "allowing the user to change the interface design often results
       | in choices that are not optimal, because the user will, usually,
       | not be a knowledgeable interface designer," said Raskin. "Time
       | spent in learning and operating the personalization features is
       | time mostly wasted from the task at hand." Better a consistent,
       | well-designed interface than one you could fiddle with forever.
       | 
       | This is a meta-dogma, a dogma about being dogmatic about your
       | design. Never allow the user to change your Holy Vision, because
       | Your Beneficent Self, The Designer (Peace Be Upon You), has
       | decreed it shall be such, such it shall always be, yea, unto the
       | ends of the system's profitability, never allowing the user to
       | grow in their knowledge of how to do their tasks, never allowing
       | the user to bring their own domain knowledge to their tasks.
       | There shalt always be an unbridgeable gulf between Designer (
       | _insert holy trump here_ ) and user, and the user shall never
       | trammel the Designer's Roarkian Vision. So mote it be, amen.
       | 
       | It's High Modernism in software. It's the exaltation of One True
       | Vision above the people who do the work and might, therefore,
       | know something about how the work is done. It is, in other words,
       | utterly shocking Jobs rejected the Canon Cat and its immense
       | hubris. Probably because it wasn't Jobs' immense hubris.
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | Its so ironic reading this, considering most of the
         | "conveniences" of modern ios are clones of some popular tweak
         | on cydia.
        
       | omar_alt wrote:
       | A simple low energy computer that does one task like word
       | processing or act as a terminal client with an ink display would
       | be a useful for focusing on one task without distraction. I
       | personally would love to have a low energy terminal device that I
       | could work in for hours however my pessimism tells me there is
       | not enough demand to scale this.
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | Those things already exist:
         | https://shop.boox.com/collections/eink-tablet
         | 
         | Associated with the keyboard of your choice.
         | 
         | But also very easy to DIY by plugging an old laptop or a
         | raspberry pi to an e-ink display/monitor and set it up to
         | automatically start a text editor at boot time. Even a
         | raspberry pi zero would handle that task superbly. I am not
         | sure what prevents you to do that except lazyness if this is
         | really something you want.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | > I am not sure what prevents you to do that except lazyness
           | if this is really something you want.
           | 
           | The problem with a general use machine is you can always alt
           | tab out and procrastinate. If you're the one who set it up,
           | you're the one who can un set it up.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | I am pretty sure that as long as you have a phone/laptop at
             | home you are as much ready to put the focused machine aside
             | for what you think will be a few seconds in order to
             | procrastinate.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | It does make it a bit harder. Also... NEW TOY.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | The problem with DIYing things with a Pi, I find, is that you
           | inevitably end up with a fragile nest of wires and not a
           | device you can rely on not to have been cannibalized
           | (probably by oneself) or unplugged or disassembled to make
           | room for other stuff. Not conducive to something like a
           | bombproof note taking device that's always on standby- and
           | good luck if you want it to be portable or even luggable.
        
         | the-printer wrote:
         | I am interested in starting a Guild based on this practice.
        
         | mft_ wrote:
         | For many years, my father used an NEC 8201a [0] for just this
         | purpose - sitting comfortably writing without distraction. He'd
         | later feed the text into his PC for layout.
         | 
         | It also had BASIC, which I used to play with - and at one later
         | point, I even wrote a little program in Visual Basic to
         | simplify the process of transferring text from the NEC to his
         | PC, including getting rid of the many erroneous carriage
         | returns that the process otherwise inserted.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.old-
         | computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=334
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | Such as this?
         | 
         | https://getfreewrite.com/
        
         | mattkevan wrote:
         | I use my Newton eMate as a distraction-free writing device.
         | 
         | The keyboard is great, NewtonWorks is a surprisingly powerful
         | office suite and it syncs nicely with the Mac through a serial-
         | to-usb adapter.
        
         | Vrondi wrote:
         | Have a look at the old Tandy m100. AA batteries, and you can
         | type for days without distractions on a mechanical keyboard.
         | 
         | Or, pick up any Android based e-ink ereader and plug in a
         | keyboard.
        
         | thejosh wrote:
         | Would the refresh rate not be an issue for this?
        
         | mattl wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaSmart had some cool devices
         | and they're still usable today.
        
           | voltaireodactyl wrote:
           | I still use one plenty. The batteries just lasting forever is
           | such an incredible feature. Plus the Mac layout keyboard.
        
             | mattl wrote:
             | Yeah I love mine.
        
         | maguay wrote:
         | The closest, today, feels like eInk tablet devices like the
         | Remarkable--though it's built more for sketching and
         | handwriting notes than typing.
        
         | prvc wrote:
         | The Freewrite has been around for a while.
        
       | guenthert wrote:
       | An article about the Canon Cat which doesn't mention that it was
       | programmed in FORTH? Perhaps not essential to the UX, but when
       | claimed "A predictable, documentable system must be entirely
       | under Apple's control," FORTH, renown for its extensibility, in
       | fact, complete blurring the lines between language, OS and
       | application, seems a non-obvious choice.
        
       | jFriedensreich wrote:
       | I think it boils down to icons + mouse vs text and keyboard.
       | Imagine a mac without susan kares icons that played such a big
       | role in making it feel truly human and developing an emotional
       | attachment. Among so many great UI guidelines is that outlier
       | with a dislike for icons with a minor and solvable (hover +
       | tooltips) reason.
        
       | kaveh808 wrote:
       | I am currently working on a new 3D system, and have been thinking
       | a lot about GUI design.
       | 
       | My impression is that as applications have grown in complexity,
       | there has not been a corresponding change in our approach to GUI
       | design. I'm talking of desktop apps for doing 3D content creation
       | (Maya, Houdini, Blender, etc).
       | 
       | The menubar and hierarchical menus worked elegantly in the
       | simpler days of the Xerox Star and Apple Macintosh, but the
       | continued reliance on them makes me chuckle at times.
       | 
       | The other day I decided to count the number of GUI elements
       | visible in one such app. There were over 200. I can't prove this,
       | but my feeling is that this visual/usage clutter can create
       | confusion and anxiety in users. Or maybe users just learn to
       | ignore the 90% of widgets they never need to use.
       | 
       | I find it increasingly awkward to have to move the mouse to click
       | inside a 16x16 pixel widget on a 4K screen. Most GUI actions are
       | not inherently graphical (click on a button, menu, icon).
       | 
       | One app has such a large contextual menu (with many submenus)
       | that the menu includes its own search field, and users click to
       | make the menu appear, then type in a few characters to locate the
       | menu item they want, then click on the item. I can't help but
       | shake my head and chuckle.
       | 
       | My own attempts at coming up with something different have
       | resulted in a series of (short) popup menus that can be invoked
       | via keyboard. My hope is that users will develop muscle memory to
       | go to the selection they want quickly. For example, hitting
       | "C,C,C" (the "c" key three times) invokes, in order, the Create,
       | Curves, Circle menus (each menu replaces the previous one) and
       | creates a circle in the 3D scene.
       | 
       | Been planning to make a video demo...
        
         | angelgonzales wrote:
         | That's why I always advocate for formal training and
         | certification when it comes to using complex software. Sitting
         | down for eight hours or 40 hours in a classroom setting allows
         | users to familiarize themselves or master the other 90% of
         | functions they aren't normally aware of or haven't used. There
         | is software that needs to be complex because some job functions
         | are complex, the big focus on collaboration in the workplace
         | now results in people with fundamentally different job
         | functions using the same piece of software which clutters up
         | user interfaces as well.
        
         | Baeocystin wrote:
         | >my feeling is that this visual/usage clutter can create
         | confusion and anxiety in users
         | 
         | Designers have been stomping all over presenting useful
         | information under this assumption for the past 20 years.
         | Speaking for myself, I am sick of the hypersimplification of
         | what should be useful tools. Complex workspaces have complex
         | needs, and that's OK. Doesn't mean we can't find ways to
         | improve, but just hiding things isn't the answer.
        
           | kaveh808 wrote:
           | I think the onus should be on the UI designers to present
           | features when they are needed. This means making an effort to
           | model the users' workflow, which is not trivial.
           | 
           | A good first step can be seen in Lightroom, where the TAB key
           | will hide the tool palettes, leaving the entire (uncluttered)
           | screen available for examining and selecting/ranking photos.
           | Hit TAB gain to get the palettes back when you are ready to
           | use one of the tools.
           | 
           | Just putting 20 icons along the edge of a window and washing
           | their hands of it seems like a cop out to me.
        
       | Gordonjcp wrote:
       | Every time the Canon Cat comes up, I'm surprised no-one mentions
       | the Amstrad PCW family and Locoscript. It was launched two years
       | before the Canon Cat, and not only made it to market but had
       | roughly the same market penetration in the UK as lightbulbs.
       | 
       | Given that a lot of Amstrad stuff wasn't exactly known for being
       | the highest quality the PCW8256 and 8512 were surprisingly good
       | for the PS400 they cost (about a grand in today's money, roughly
       | half the price of the Canon Cat). You got a fairly chunky
       | computer about the size of a 14" TV with a green screen monitor
       | which had a not-ridiculous persistence so no flickering and a
       | fairly "gentle" colour. The 3" disks were a bit weird. The
       | keyboard was a nicely clicky "spring over membrane" design that
       | felt nearly as good as a proper mechanical one (not a patch on a
       | Model M but better than most!) and had a bunch of buttons for
       | commonly-used functions. If you pressed any of the modifier keys
       | the menu at the top of the screen would change to show you what
       | you could do. It even came with a dot-matrix printer that could
       | do graphics after a fashion.
       | 
       | You could buy a posher version with a white screen and a
       | daisywheel printer, too, but they were more expensive and the
       | printer was extremely slow and noisy.
       | 
       | It was only slightly harder to get started with than a biro and a
       | notepad.
       | 
       | I wish Locoscript had won instead of MS Word.
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | I can totally understand why the Canon Cat was a flop. At the
       | time it came onto the market, mouse-driven GUIs were largely seen
       | as the thing of the future, and those didn't have to be
       | explained: moving the mouse and clicking was like pointing your
       | finger at the screen and tapping it directly. And then this weird
       | thing with no GUI and no mouse comes along. Its UI may have been
       | easy to use too, but it probably needed a lot of explaining and
       | getting used to before you could internalize it, so only a few
       | power users really made the effort to familiarize themselves with
       | it.
        
         | retrocryptid wrote:
         | It came out in '87, 3 years before windows 3.0. Macs were still
         | twice as expensive as PCs and accounted for something like 3-5
         | percent of new computer sales. DOS was the most popular PC OS
         | at the time, and wasn't known for its user friendliness. So the
         | idea of a "turn it on and start typing" machine had some
         | cachet.
         | 
         | I think the near absolute lack of marketing is what doomed the
         | Cat and IA.
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | Apple 2e and 2c was still popular in 87 and probably sold
           | more than Mac in that year.
        
       | hallarempt wrote:
        
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