[HN Gopher] New motorcycle lighting design could save lives
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       New motorcycle lighting design could save lives
        
       Author : ohjeez
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2022-10-20 17:40 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.rice.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.rice.edu)
        
       | dmckeon wrote:
       | I believe that the apparent benefits to traffic safety from
       | various lighting schemes share an underlying reason: producing
       | uncertainty in other drivers, and thus more delay or caution
       | before maneuvering. Daytime headlights for motorcycles (standard
       | in the US since the 1970s, or so), daytime running lights
       | (standard in Canada, now common in the US), helmet-mounted
       | headlamps for bicyclists - all tend to produce a reaction of
       | "Wait, what is that?" in drivers.
        
         | dustyleary wrote:
         | That was the same impression I got when I saw the light
         | patterns pictured in the article. I had to slow down a second
         | to "figure out" what I was looking at.
         | 
         | The study claims that "improved lighting could result in other
         | motorists being able to see motorcycles up to 0.8 seconds
         | sooner."
         | 
         | Even this might be related to the fact that you are seeing
         | something new and strange. If something "surprising" happens
         | when I'm driving, my attention is instantly snapped to it, and
         | my foot is at least on the brake pedal, if not actively
         | braking.
         | 
         | With that in mind, I wonder if the benefit from a new lighting
         | design might fade over time as the novelty wore off.
        
           | gojomo wrote:
           | At least some of the benefit being an expiring 'novelty
           | effect' seems plausible.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novelty_effect
           | 
           | Maybe _randomization_ of vehicle lighting schemes, across
           | vehicles and time-periods, would provide the most-enduring
           | improvements.
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | Indeed - similar to how narrower streets & traffic circles can
         | reduce accidents by demanding more driver attention.
         | 
         | Perhaps, even next-generation lighting could be dynamic,
         | brightening or otherwise modulating when on-vehicle sensors
         | detect other vehicles nearing. (That could be either be nearer
         | generally, or when sensors detect heightening risk.)
        
         | mypalmike wrote:
         | Yes, this is also why it makes sense to ride with a bit of side
         | to side motion within the lane. Car drivers see it as somewhat
         | erratic and start to pay attention. They often think you're
         | being showy or maybe even drunk, but they notice, and that is
         | what matters.
        
         | enriquec wrote:
         | Yea, I remember in some intro engineering course at brown they
         | went over a study that over time, mandating more/new lighting
         | eventually had a null or opposite effect - because drivers get
         | used to them. Meanwhile energy, light pollution, and driver
         | fatigue goes up. They don't seem to address this at all.
        
       | tuxone wrote:
       | Cyclist, motorist, biker and pedestrian here. I'm not sure what
       | kind of motorcycle you have at your locale, here the mandatory
       | running lights are alone quite visible. When I go by bike I have
       | a Garmin Varia (sorry for the ad) which is quite powerful and
       | also start blinking crazily when something arrives from behind.
       | 
       | We live in a world that has accepted road casualties. What to
       | reduce them? Make people accountable for that, eg. lifetime
       | driving license revocation.
       | 
       | I can't believe we are talking about going around like a
       | Christmas tree to increase survival probability. Are people
       | driving? Then let's make sure they are looking at where they are
       | going.
       | 
       | Next time what? Will you mandate LEDs fitted jackets to
       | pedestrians?
        
         | ahoy wrote:
         | Most road safety problems boil down to too many cars. The US &
         | Canada aren't interested in changing that though. In the US we
         | have 40k road deaths/year baked into the culture.
         | 
         | It's really jarring, as someone who doesn't own a car.
        
         | sgt wrote:
         | And more powerful indicators. They should burn your eyes!
        
           | tuxone wrote:
           | I am quite happy with the yellow indicators. I had the
           | opportunity to drive in the US and found quite awkward those
           | integrated red indicators (compared to other
           | restrictive/protective laws like edible toys).
        
       | janef0421 wrote:
       | This just strikes me as another attempt to deflect blame from the
       | car-dependent infrastructure and on to motorcyclists. I think the
       | main reason for these collisions is that the average car driver
       | is inattentive, for two main reasons;
       | 
       | - The sealed environment of a car produces a sense of
       | disconnection from the outside world, both by protecting the
       | driver and depriving their senses.
       | 
       | - The way most western transport systems are designed more or
       | less obligates people to drive for most trips, which most people
       | do not actual want to do and find stressful. This results in a
       | mental disengagement as a coping mechanism.
        
         | gedy wrote:
         | Honestly if all riders rode like other cars do there would be
         | less of an issue. Motorcycles have a disadvantage in visibility
         | for sure, but that coupled with many riders riding/accelerating
         | much faster than cars and weaving through traffic with much
         | closer tolerances is a bad mix.
         | 
         | If you see cars driving like many motorcyclists do, most people
         | are extremely annoyed.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | It's very rare for me to see a heavy motorcycle on the road and
         | them not be driving recklessly - speeding, following too
         | closely, or even overtaking between two vehicles travelling in
         | opposite directions.
         | 
         | I'm not saying car drivers never do this. I'm saying almost
         | every time I encounter a motorcyclist they're driving
         | dangerously. To the point where if I see one who doesn't
         | tailgate me, I'm surprised.
        
           | janef0421 wrote:
           | What do you mean by "heavy motorcycle"? Where are you
           | encountering these motorcycles?
        
             | LAC-Tech wrote:
             | I mean larger displacement motorcycles for the open road.
             | As opposed to smaller displacement motorcycles for
             | commuting.
             | 
             | I encounter them on the road outside my house, which
             | attracts a lot of them on sunny days and weekends.
        
               | janef0421 wrote:
               | That is a very biased sample. Also, my comment was
               | primarily about incidents where another vehicle,
               | typically a car, collides with a motorcycle due to the
               | driver failing to notice the motorcycle. I don't think
               | the factors you're describing here are major drivers of
               | these kinds of collisions.
        
               | aussiesnack wrote:
               | Well-known roads (often 'twisties') attract riders who
               | want to hoon around. In countries with lax licensing
               | standards, there can be hundreds of testorerone-addled
               | teens riding motorcycles they have no idea how to handle,
               | and (like so many young males) little concern for anyone
               | outside their circle. Not remotely representative of
               | motorcyclists as a whole (in fact it's an ageing
               | demographic).
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Add being on the phone and fidgeting with the car touchscreen
         | as distractions that cause accidents. There's an arms race
         | going on where drivers buy bigger and bigger cars(SUVs) to get
         | additional perceived safety from everyone else.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | This is sadly getting downvoted out of fear and callousness.
         | Drivers cannot, will not, refuse to the very core of their
         | being, accept that they are in control of a multi-ton metal
         | battering ram, which is orders of magnitude more deadly and
         | destructive than a motorcycle.
         | 
         | Rather than accept that with claiming this control comes on
         | enormous responsibility, drivers will rather point blame
         | anywhere else.
         | 
         | The only solution to the problem of drivers killing and maiming
         | people, is having an environment where there is less need for
         | driving, or an environment (physical and judicial) that
         | enforces slow and safe driving.
        
       | dangus wrote:
       | I'm sure it could but it would be a band-aid.
       | 
       | Want to save lives? High speed motorcycling should simply be
       | illegal.
       | 
       | Low speed two wheel transportation should be limited to 25mph of
       | power assistance and primarily take place in physically separated
       | infrastructure (e.g. bike lanes in The Netherlands).
       | 
       | Any widespread mass usage of motorcycles and motor scooters (e.g.
       | Vietnam) is a failure in city planning. Almost everyone on a
       | scooter in a congested street should be on a train, bus rapid
       | transit, or subway instead.
        
         | trgn wrote:
         | > Want to save lives? High speed motorcycling should simply be
         | illegal.
         | 
         | Just make that; high speed _cars_ should simply be illegal. It
         | is drivers killing motorcyclists, not motorcyclists killing
         | drivers. Because cars are both heavy and fast, they are deadly
         | by their very nature. With more power comes more
         | responsibility. For drivers, this responsibility must translate
         | to slowing down.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Seems like half the science. How much safer does it make it, to
       | be seen half a second quicker?
        
         | nix23 wrote:
         | Important if you have to deliver pizza, on the other hand who
         | cares...if there are no swimming-pools.
        
         | VTimofeenko wrote:
         | It's not half a second in the context of minute-long trip, but
         | rather in the context of driver reaction time which is (IIRC)
         | around a couple of seconds. So, it's substantial.
        
       | ergonaught wrote:
       | The problem is that a whole lot of people are driving who
       | shouldn't be (distracted or otherwise), along with wide swathes
       | of "culture" having decided that the road belongs to them and
       | their needs only instead of to everyone on the road. Every little
       | bit helps, I guess, but making us more visible isn't really the
       | issue. Just observe how people around you drive when you aren't
       | operating a motorcycle.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | This may differ by locale, but this is (or, can be) an
         | extension of motorcycles being relatively rare. In my normal
         | driving, I see about 3 a week and usually not even having to
         | negotiate the road with them. They're just passing by or
         | present in some other lane doing some other thing that requires
         | little action from me. From that perspective, it's unusual/rare
         | that I find myself negotiating a lane change around a
         | motorcycle or turning in front of. Again, further expand that
         | to when I do find myself in a situation where it's dark and I'm
         | turning and I see a light - it's usually my 3rd/4th/5th thought
         | of "what is that?" before I realize it; even when completely
         | undistracted. I usually act defensively and pause to give my
         | brain a moment to catch up rather than pulling out in front of
         | something I haven't recognized yet but this level of attention
         | and behavior is very easy to lapse even by the best intentioned
         | drivers. It's not a great approach to expect everyone else to
         | be a perfect driver at all times.
        
           | aussiesnack wrote:
           | There are differences in awareness between drivers though.
           | When I drive a car, I (quite literally) ask myself whether
           | there's a motorcyclist around at every junction or right turn
           | (in a LH drive country) I come to. My conditions are pretty
           | unusual - I'm primarily a motorcyclist and rarely drive (to
           | the point where I find myself nodding involuntarily at riders
           | even when I'm driving). I'm not sanguine about raising
           | people's average level of awareness - of motoryclists, or
           | anything else! So I agree you wouldn't choose it as a road
           | safety strategy. I'd still keep antenna up for anything that
           | might amplify awareness though.
        
       | schlauerfox wrote:
       | Is this like when they planned to have a brake light that flashed
       | faster the harder you braked, but they didn't account for the
       | Hawthorne Effect and people just noticed more lights cause they
       | were new so they just added a third tail light for cheap?
        
       | thot_experiment wrote:
       | I feel like a lot of people who ride motorcycles care more about
       | headlight aesthetics than headlight safety (myself included). I
       | don't really see "other people react to my presence" as a
       | particularly good strategy for staying alive on a motorcycle. The
       | best way to not die is to assume everyone is doing their best to
       | kill you in a stupid way all of the time. TBQH I've had more
       | close calls when people saw me and reacted in an unpredictable
       | way than because someone didn't see me, but that's just my
       | anecdata. (and most of my memorable close calls were on a pedal
       | bike, so only sorta related, but still feels applicable)
       | 
       | I'm not saying that having better headlights doesn't matter, I
       | just don't think it matters a lot compared to all the other risks
       | involved in riding a motorcycle. I'd be surprised if the set of
       | "accidents that would have been prevented if someone was able to
       | detect you 1 second earlier from head on" was particularly big.
        
         | juve1996 wrote:
         | Being more visible will always help but you still have to
         | ATGATT and drive defensively.
        
           | BareNakedCoder wrote:
           | For the non-riders, ATGATT means "All The Gear, All The
           | Time". I wince whenever I see some young kid and his
           | girlfriend riding with t-shirt, short pants, and sandals.
           | Human erasers on donor cycles :(
        
         | frontiersummit wrote:
         | People choose their vehicles for both functional purposes and
         | sociocultural purposes. In somewhere like Manilla, a motorcycle
         | has net positive functional utility since it is cheap, can park
         | easily, and cut through traffic. In somewhere like Houston
         | (where the study was authored), a motorcycle has net negative
         | functional utility, given the humidity, rain, ample parking,
         | and lack of lane splitting. That means riding is done for
         | sociocultural purposes: to signal who you are by how you move
         | about. For someone who is riding mainly for this reason, will
         | they adopt a new light pattern, especially if it means adding a
         | lamp to their head?
        
         | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
         | I'm a rider myself, I rarely have close calls and I chop it up
         | to basically the same anecdotal data. But at least for the US
         | where I live and the standards for getting a license seem to be
         | much worse than many other parts of the world I've
         | visited/heard of, I'd wager a decent part of it is simply rider
         | skill.
         | 
         | I know way too many riders who never practice, can barely pull
         | a U-turn from a stop, don't know how to use their front brake
         | effectively, and vastly overestimate their abilities. And then
         | if a car even dares to accidentally not see them because they
         | sat in their blind spot they flip a shit. I know riders who are
         | very good, but unfortunately in the place I live I know many
         | many more who are just not very good and ride very unaware of
         | everything around them. And unlike driving a car, there is a
         | different skill floor/ceiling to be considered competent.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | Yes! Rider education and constantly practicing is key. It
           | also helps you enjoy motorcycling more too.
        
             | aussiesnack wrote:
             | > Rider education and constantly practicing is key. It also
             | helps you enjoy motorcycling more too.
             | 
             | I don't think many non-motorcyclists get this aspect of
             | riding, ie. that the activity itself is one to be honed and
             | reflected on, and that treating it this way makes the mere
             | act of transporting yourself from one place to another
             | (which is essentially dead time for many car drivers) a
             | keen and vital part of life.
        
         | devmunchies wrote:
         | > _a lot of people who ride motorcycles care more about [...]
         | aesthetics than [...] safety_
         | 
         | true, I ride with a traffic vest[1] on (which hides my
         | expensive leather jacket!) and I'm probably deducted 40% in
         | coolness points, but i figure I'm able to compound the little
         | coolness points I get over a longer period. I wouldn't have
         | done it in my 20s but now I am in my 30s and have kids so
         | safety is more important.
         | 
         | I've definitely noticed more people rotate their head to look
         | at me since I've started wearing it.
         | 
         | [1]: https://reesdistributors.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/2015/09/V102...
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | Also, motorcyclists obeying the speed limit could save lives.
        
         | jalgos_eminator wrote:
         | At least with motorcyclists its their own lives, not others
         | like when car drivers speed excessively.
        
           | bitwidget wrote:
        
         | aussiesnack wrote:
         | Probably true, but it's not going to happen without a huge
         | amount of additional surveillance. I'm a daily rider and in all
         | honesty I ignore speed limits when I'm away from habitation.
         | Nothing crazy, but definitely illegal. For the most part I'm
         | pretty responsible, and keep to well within limits around where
         | people live. But there's no denying that speed is part of the
         | appeal - I whizz past all cars (because I prefer to be away
         | from them), zip around bendy country roads (because it's fun).
         | I don't even have a fast bike, and I find it hard to stay
         | within limits. I'm in my 50's and have only had one accident -
         | an off-road mud-slip in the middle of nowhere resulting in a
         | broken ankle .. and a long walk.
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | Not true.
        
           | Syonyk wrote:
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | Just anecdotally, it seems the motorcycle's little brother the
       | escooter is being driven more now. They have tiny front lights.
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | Tangential to this is that there has been some discussion that
       | the recent Tesla/motorcycle fatalities are related to the fact
       | the the struck motorcycles happened to be cruiser style with twin
       | rear lights.
       | 
       | The Tesla system, which is optical only, saw the two lights as a
       | far away car rather than a close up motorcycle.
        
         | Syonyk wrote:
         | I can't stand those. Even riding a motorcycle, they're a
         | confusing and hard to make sense of rear light layout. Put a
         | central light on the bike, preferably LED, and ideally that
         | strobes a few times when you hit the brakes. It makes a very
         | real difference in traffic - I did that, at separate times, to
         | some different bikes, and was able to observe the difference.
         | It mostly solved tailgaters. From annoyance or what, I don't
         | care, but a bright, "flashes several times when the brakes are
         | applied" tail light improves much on a motorcycle.
         | 
         | Not the worst thing I've seen, though. I came up behind one
         | motorcycle at night, slammed cruiser style, that only had a dim
         | red row of LEDs on the license plate holder, which was bolted
         | to the rear wheel axle. I was _on a motorcycle_ and couldn 't
         | tell what it was in front of me until I was probably 50'
         | behind. Rider and passenger in flat black, of course.
         | 
         | But Harley's been shipping those dumb twin light rear
         | configurations for a decade now. They're not novel, and it's
         | just one more example in "Self driving car AIs don't understand
         | the world and fail in entirely non-human ways."
        
           | MerelyMortal wrote:
           | I'm afraid the flashing brake light will fall victim to
           | tragedy of the commons. It's a great idea, but when everyone
           | has it, it just becomes a sea of blinking lights and harder
           | to differentiate. I already hate being behind one vehicle
           | that has it, because it's distracting and I'm interpreting
           | the first time it dims as they're letting _off_ the brake. It
           | 's also probably illegal if the law says brake light must be
           | illuminated when the brake pedal is pressed.
        
           | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
           | I simply refuse to consider riding a Harley because they so
           | obviously don't give a shit about rider safety and are behind
           | on every piece of tech you could imagine that is standard
           | with most other manufacturers. Sorry, I don't give a shit
           | about the "being a badass" hog lifestyle and this contributes
           | to why they're a dying brand.
        
             | Syonyk wrote:
             | > _...and this contributes to why they 're a dying brand._
             | 
             | I can't argue with you about the bikes, I've no interest in
             | one either.
             | 
             | But [citation needed] on "dying brand." They're still the
             | number one seller in the US and seem to be doing just fine.
        
               | aussiesnack wrote:
               | They're really big in Australia, despite their expense
               | and IMO objective inferiority to many other bikes. It's a
               | combination of image and I think a certain cultural
               | nostalgia, mostly among men in their 50s and above. I do
               | kind of understand it as a reaction to the physical and
               | cultural blandness and mediocrity of the very suburban
               | Australia most of these guys inhabit.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | The problem, to bolster a sibling comment, is that humans are
         | also optical only, and can succumb to the same optical
         | illusion.
         | 
         | Safety engineering shouldn't be left to product designers, and
         | that problem is quite a bit more acute with motorcycles than
         | autos.
        
       | alonmower wrote:
       | As the article points out single headlights are extremely hard to
       | gauge the speed/distance of at night. I believe turning in front
       | of a motorcycle having misjudged its distance/speed is one of the
       | leading causes of deadly accidents, so improvements to lighting
       | that help solve this would be huge.
        
         | MattSayar wrote:
         | I have a single headlight on my motorcycle. I'm aware that
         | adding more headlights will make me more visible at night, but
         | adding two additional headlights will cost me $500 in parts
         | alone. That's 1/12 the entire cost of what I paid for my bike.
         | 
         | I just don't ride at night.
        
           | Syonyk wrote:
           | There is _no way_ that it should cost you $500 to add two
           | additional LED headlights off the forks. Any random
           | motorcycle parts store should have stuff that works fine,
           | just wire it into your headlight circuit - there 's usually a
           | spare amp or so there.
        
             | dharmab wrote:
             | I've tried they cheap lights and they suck. Poor beam
             | patterns and have a habit of failing at inopportune times.
             | (Ever had to race the sunset with a failed light?)
             | 
             | $500 is about in line for a reputable kit that can hold up
             | to the elements.
        
           | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
           | Same.
           | 
           | Mentioned in another comment but I rode at night when I was
           | younger, but where I live there's just way too many
           | drunk/aggressive drivers which is much worse at night,
           | regardless of lighting situation. So I just don't ride at
           | night.
        
           | juve1996 wrote:
           | Yep, no more riding at night for me either. It's too
           | dangerous. As I've aged I've noticed how much harder it is
           | for ME to see driving in a car at night. And now I'm
           | CONSTANTLY blinded by these LED nuclear bomb headlights these
           | huge ass trucks have now. It just sucks.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Dual lights also present the problem that they can be
         | misinterpreted as a car further away.
        
           | emptybits wrote:
           | How would such a misinterpretation be an actual problem? Less
           | safe?
        
             | dharmab wrote:
             | It may be a contributing factor to recent cases where Tesla
             | Autopilot rear ended motorcycles at night. Thus video has a
             | visualization: https://youtu.be/yRdzIs4FJJg
             | 
             | One of these crashes was right by my home, where I rode to
             | work nearly every day prepandemic.
        
         | randcraw wrote:
         | Yes, left turning cars are my primary fear as a rider. Of
         | course the problem arises during the day too, not just at
         | night.
         | 
         | It'd be nice if the OP's research had compared alternative
         | forms of lighting to 'surprise' the oncoming driver, like
         | flickering lights. This works well to draw attention both day
         | and night (using less flicker). Given the continuing problem of
         | drivers not seeing bikes, it's a shame it hasn't been adopted
         | as the new norm for all bikes (and bicycle lights) -- both
         | front and rear.
        
       | vzaliva wrote:
       | This is known in the motorcycle community for decades. There is
       | even a "get horizontal" mantra. The idea is that the wider you
       | look (via light placement), the more likely drivers will notice
       | you. One of the reasons is that the human brain perceives smaller
       | (narrower) objects as less dangerous and is more likely to ignore
       | them. But it is good to see research backing this up.
        
       | pgt wrote:
       | "Night driving is especially dangerous, accounting for nearly
       | half of all fatal crashes."
       | 
       | Nearly half?
        
         | 23skidoo wrote:
         | It reads funny, but fewer people drive at night and still make
         | up about half of accidents.
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | Yeah but it doesn't say the cause is biker visibility. I'd
           | guess bikers themselves are far more likely to miss some
           | pothole (or other reason) at night time and fataly crash.
        
           | bismuthcrystal wrote:
           | So why not write something like "accidents happen at a higher
           | rate a night"?
        
       | bsimpson wrote:
       | The six light configuration they're recommending is pattern E
       | here:
       | 
       | https://i.imgur.com/hpOt1ac.png
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Thanks - it was definitely hard to visualize with only the
         | (oddly) un-illustrated article.
         | 
         | Without going all the way to version "E", I've noticed that a
         | setup not pictured, with two full-sized headlights side-by-side
         | in the normal just-under-the-handlebars location (round or
         | rectangular didn't matter) instantly made it far easier to
         | identify the motorcycle and judge distances. The single
         | headlight just looks too much like a car with one dead
         | headlight (especially since standard riding technique is to not
         | ride in the center of the lane), and it takes seconds to figure
         | out if I'm looking at a bike or a car possibly halfway into my
         | lane. Two headlights it's instant, and also upgrades it to a 2D
         | object in a black field, making 3D judgements much easier, as
         | the spacing between them widens on approach, etc..
         | 
         | I think the best setup would be a dual-headlight setup in the
         | illustrated "E" setup.
        
         | Wagthesam wrote:
         | I add aux lights similar to the two bottom configuration. This
         | creates a triangle with the headlight and makes me more
         | visible.
         | 
         | The two lights to the side is excessive because it can confuse
         | drivers with the turn signal lights.
         | 
         | I would not attach any lights to the helmet. Helmets are
         | ideally glancing off impacts and gopro or light add ons can
         | cause catastrophic failure for the helmet if its hit during
         | impact. See Schumacher's ski accident
        
           | minitoar wrote:
           | Agreed about not modifying the helmet but I could imagine a
           | helmet with such a thing built in.
        
         | gojomo wrote:
         | Thanks! So the top light is on some big new 'eyestalk' above
         | the handlebars?
         | 
         | (I'm baffled how the Rice PR team could put this out without
         | _any_ diagram /photo/rendering of the full proposed six-light-
         | configuration, which could give the story 10x more interest &
         | viral-forwarding legs, as well as improve the chances of its
         | eventual life-saving adoption.)
        
           | zucked wrote:
           | Seriously! As a motorcyclist (and cyclist) with a keen
           | interest in not dying, I'm always looking for additional ways
           | to be seen and predictable. This image should have been in
           | the blog article, full stop. How is it _so_ buried?
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | light is great but first on the list is an aftermarket horn
             | .. LOUD
        
               | guenthert wrote:
               | I can count on the fingers of one hand the times I used
               | the horn on any of my motorcycles in two decades of
               | riding (>100kmi, various situations, not much commute,
               | less in the dark). In dangerous situation where honking
               | might have helped, I typically was busy to either break
               | or steer out of harms way. Aside that horns on m/c tend
               | to be meek. They seem to be installed only because some
               | law requires them.
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | I was about to cruise through a yellow light today when a
               | pickup truck in the center of a one way street abruptly
               | decided to make a left turn across my path. (I was in the
               | far left lane.) I slammed on my brakes and laid on my
               | horn.
               | 
               | I saw his face in his mirror. As he realized the noise he
               | was hearing was my underpowered Vespa horn protesting the
               | needless near-calamity, a smirk of victory beamed across
               | his face.
               | 
               | Guy nearly took me out today, and all I could do was
               | trust my ABS brakes and give him Roadrunner's angriest
               | "meep meep."
        
           | mattficke wrote:
           | The top light is a helmet-mounted light. They mention this in
           | the full paper but it's not clear from the abstract.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | I have one of these on my bicycle helmet.
             | 
             | Works great for getting a driver's attention at a 4-way
             | stop (the North American approach to right-of-way is
             | deficient when everyone stops at the same time and is going
             | straight).
             | 
             | But a problematic tell when I see a head-turner walking on
             | the sidewalk.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | My take is that this is about parallax [1], although I
             | haven't read the paper and so that's an assumption.
             | 
             | Creatures with forward facing stereoscopic vision (like us)
             | can judge the speed and distance of an object if we can
             | determine its size and see something of the background. In
             | the dark, some information is missing when we rely on
             | attached lights.
             | 
             | Most people know the approximate size of a car, and so with
             | two lights its easier to guess the distance (and crucially
             | speed as the distance between the lights seems to change).
             | 
             | I've noticed it's harder to cross a road when bikes are
             | approaching than cars, because if you're looking along the
             | axis of travel then its hard to gauge their speed.
             | 
             | Attaching more than one light to a bike allows us to judge
             | the speed better. It seems that it's irrelevant whether the
             | spacing is horizontal or vertical for our visual systems to
             | make this judgement.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | Motorcycles also suffer a depth perception problem in the
               | daytime:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doSDfIo61r0
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | This research, & further your comment, makes me wonder:
               | 
               | Customized cars often project vanity mood lighting down
               | towards the pavement. (I believe the legality of such
               | nonstandard lighting varies across jurisdictions.)
               | 
               | Perhaps motorcycles could be required to project a large
               | light-splash _down_ , creating a more-visible 'light
               | puddle' below them. It could even be something with very-
               | sharp boundaries, & a standard oval size, so that the
               | shape more strongly communicates distance/angle/speed.
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | That's really quite a good idea.
               | 
               | I've seem bicycles in London projecting a green bike
               | emblem into the road about 5 meters ahead using a laser.
               | 
               | Two somewhat higher intensity spots on the road ahead
               | would work as you indicate, At least in ideal road
               | conditions.
        
               | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
               | I've never seen this in Australia. But my main gripe with
               | motor/push bikes is a) People riding without any lights.
               | b) People riding without sufficient lightly.
               | 
               | Re. b)If a bike comes up really close to the rear of your
               | vehicle, and the rider has no reflective gear, the light
               | can be obscured by your own vehicle.
               | 
               | Re. a) I'm not sure if this is some Aussie thing.
               | Especially with push bikes. The number of people I've
               | seen on the road at night with no lighting and zero
               | reflective gear.
        
               | amflare wrote:
               | I suspect this would harm the motorcyclist's night-vision
               | in a way that a car driver is not affected due to the
               | light reflecting off the ground and right back at them.
               | Whereas the body of the car protects the driver from the
               | glare.
        
               | dharmab wrote:
               | Rider here. It'd be out of my field of view when riding.
               | A friend had such a system on his Harley and the
               | visibility was helpful.
        
         | Corazoor wrote:
         | I think I get why this might be the most effective: When I look
         | at that, my mind completes it to a stick figure, like an
         | optical illusion. At least to me, that one is immediately
         | recognizable as a human.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | The choice of the small top light seems odd. If the lower view
         | of the bike is obstructed, like in a review/side mirror, you'll
         | see a single small light, and think it's a far away something.
         | 
         | I think adding some unique color(s) or flashing patterns would
         | be much more identifiable. We're in the future now. We can
         | craft lights that have colors outside of efficient slices of
         | the blackbody spectrum, and make them do fancy things like
         | "blink".
        
           | minitoar wrote:
           | Most (all?) vehicle codes don't permit other colors or
           | flashing lights unless it's an emergency vehicle.
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | However, the law does often distinguish between
             | modulating/pulsating lights and flashing ones. In the US,
             | federal code 49 CFR Part 571.108 S7.9.4.1 explicitly allows
             | modulating headlights on motorcycles[1]. From time to time
             | I do see motorcycles whose headlights pulse. I hate it - it
             | makes them easier to see but harder to gauge distance, and
             | harder to focus on all the other traffic and pedestrians on
             | and around the road.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.gl1800riders.com/attachments/federal-law-
             | motorcy...
        
               | jlgaddis wrote:
               | As a "normal" driver, the pulsating lights absolutely are
               | annoying... and don't even get me started on those loud
               | ass pipes!
               | 
               | Now, as a motorcyclist who has been hit head-on more than
               | once by drivers who swore "I didn't even see him!" --
               | with the last crash leaving me with multiple broken bones
               | and an inability to walk for several months -- you better
               | believe I now have both a pulsating headlamp and a nice
               | set of loud ass pipes (they're even called "Street
               | Cannons")! on my bike.
               | 
               | I've also lost a non-zero number of friends due to folks
               | who swore they didn't see them.
               | 
               | It's now been eight years since I've gotten hit... so I
               | really am sorry if my headlight or pipes bother you as I
               | pass by but, well, I have loved ones I'd like to see
               | again so I hope you'll forgive me.
        
               | tomger wrote:
               | TIL Loud ass pipes for safety. I never understood how
               | someone can rationalize themselves out of waking up a
               | whole neighborhood at night for the sake of their own
               | transportation.
        
               | shaftway wrote:
               | I doesn't actually have to be an either-or.
               | 
               | I have pipes that are pretty loud above ~4000 RPM, but
               | pretty quiet underneath that. When I'm in a residential
               | neighborhood I keep the revs low and shift early (it's
               | less aggressive anyway, which is what you want if a kid
               | or a dog could dart out in front of you). On the freeway
               | and when nobody is around me I also keep it under 4000
               | RPM. But when I start feeling boxed in or I'm lane
               | splitting I'll drop it down a gear to bump the volume of
               | the pipes. You can see people recognize you're there, and
               | that's the goal.
               | 
               | But yeah, those guys who blare their exhaust on bikes or
               | cars are a-holes.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | Does that mean we're stuck with white, yellow/amber, and
             | red for the next 1000 years of human civilization? Laws are
             | made for the needs of the society, not the other way
             | around. As others have noted, there are already exceptions
             | for motorcycles.
        
               | minitoar wrote:
               | I obviously didn't say that. The exception for
               | motorcycles is extremely limited -- it's more of a high
               | frequency pulsing than a flashing.
        
         | dt3ft wrote:
         | The pattern E seems to resemble a human figure.
        
           | snissn wrote:
           | first thing i noticed too! would definitely wake me up a bit
           | driving if i saw that!
        
       | aussiesnack wrote:
       | Just a comment on the "27 times more likely to die" figure. I
       | haven't followed up the stats quoted, but the equivalent in my
       | country (where I have read up in some detail) generally quoted is
       | 40x. This drops dramatically when you cut out those who are
       | unlicensed (bearing in mind this is illegal here), drunk, or in
       | their 1st year of riding.
       | 
       | Which is not to say that motorcycling isn't far more dangerous
       | than driving a car. Bikes are my sole source of transport, on
       | poor potholed rural windy roads in an area with truly terrible
       | standards of driving, and I'm extremely aware of the dangers
       | every day. But the figures are hugely elevated by a few factors,
       | all of which are trivial to eliminate (for an individual, less so
       | for society at large).
        
         | notch656a wrote:
         | Wouldn't surprise me if equipment failures of even well
         | maintained vehicles can get you to 10x. Just random failure on
         | a motorcycle and you go splat.
         | 
         | I was riding during daytime, with many years experience, safely
         | while going in a precisely straight line and not changing
         | speed. Nice, 90% tires with rain tolerant tread and perfectly
         | maintained vehicle. All drivers around me driving safely, me
         | driving safely, rainy but good conditions. Hit a slippery patch
         | on the road, that was somehow angled such that my rear tire
         | slipped at an angle and I was almost instantaneously thrown
         | high-side from the bike, at 70mph from an interstate.
         | 
         | Full body suit, helmet, gloves. I walked away without even a
         | scratch (I still can't believe how). But almost died; only
         | survived by the fact I was thrown towards the curb instead of
         | towards the fast lane of traffic.
         | 
         | I'd been in lots of crashes before, but usually because I did
         | dumb shit. This time really shocked my conscious because there
         | was just no explanation, no bad drivers, no bad vehicles, no
         | dumb shit, nothing remarkably bad with the road, nothing I can
         | assign fault to anyone or anything. It was a solid week before
         | I got back on the bike after that; usually after a crash I'm
         | back on within minutes if it's still rideable. Impossible to
         | prevent, and no way something like that can happen in a car.
        
       | diziet wrote:
       | Paper appears available here via "Open PDF in Browser" link:
       | 
       | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4084982
        
       | Syonyk wrote:
       | ... ask anyone with serious motorcycle miles and they'll tell you
       | about the same thing.
       | 
       | When I was riding motorcycles as a daily driver, I modified my
       | headlights to keep the low beams on when the high beams were on,
       | simply for visibility - it gave me a "wide, multi-color front
       | bar" (low beams were HID, high beams were upgraded incandescent,
       | outer markers were yet different colored) that improved people
       | seeing me. Another bike I did the same thing to, so both
       | headlights were on normally to improve visibility.
       | 
       | I ride sidecar rigs now, which have a "wide, weird lighting"
       | layout (central headlight on the bike, but a sidecar light too),
       | and I'll ride those at night. But the one remaining two wheeler
       | is just a single central headlight, and I won't ride it at night
       | for exactly the reasons this study found - you can't tell
       | distance/speed/etc from a single headlight without any other
       | context.
        
         | Jcampuzano2 wrote:
         | Serious rider here. Riding is my primary transportation.
         | 
         | I used to ride at night much more often years ago, but I've
         | basically modified my lifestyle to the point of just avoiding
         | riding at night at all regardless of lighting situation. After
         | enough close calls with drivers who just don't pay attention,
         | not to mention in the city I live in drunk driving as well as
         | aggressive driving is sadly very common.
         | 
         | To be honest I even feel less comfortable driving at night even
         | in a car, for the rare time I drive my girlfriends car after
         | enough years of just avoiding night driving.
        
         | wildrhythms wrote:
         | When I took the MSF (Motorcycle Safety Foundation) basic rider
         | course, they had everyone turn on the extra headlight by
         | default, with that exact explanation.
        
       | acid_burn wrote:
       | As a rider, I try to pay particular attention to how I perceive
       | motorcycles when I'm driving a car. At night, anything other than
       | two headlights moving like a car is confusing to me. I often
       | mistake parked cars for motorcycles when one of their headlights
       | is occluded by something. Even when I'm sure I'm looking at a
       | motorcycle, it's extremely difficult to tell how far away it is
       | and how fast it's going without that second headlight positioned
       | a relatively standard distance apart.
       | 
       | I've concluded that headlights, or perhaps any "point" lights,
       | are insufficient. I figure the best solution would be to light up
       | the whole bike with LED underglow or something, so there's no
       | mistaking what your looking at. Unfortunately that's illegal in
       | my state. For now I've settled for a host of reflective decals,
       | but I might go for green lights and risk a ticket instead of my
       | life (as much).
        
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