[HN Gopher] Open core companies are not incentivized to make the...
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       Open core companies are not incentivized to make their projects
       good
        
       Author : atopia
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2022-10-20 14:06 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.plural.sh)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.plural.sh)
        
       | busterarm wrote:
       | Chief example: Neo4j
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | tinglymintyfrsh wrote:
       | It depends on the business model: freemium towards enterprise
       | are, otherwise not so much.
       | 
       | Also, commercial open source != free. You can't use Docker
       | Desktop commercially without a license and it's not 100% OSS.
       | Many companies use open source-washing as a way to lure customers
       | into yet another proprietary system that dresses itself up as
       | FOSS.
       | 
       | Furthermore, most commercial open source community versions are
       | crippleware hiding useful features behind closed-source, paid-
       | subscription-only offers. And, the CE versions are usually out-
       | of-date and are slow to receive security updates. SugarCRM comes
       | to mind.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | > One may suggest: "If things are running perfectly, won't
       | customers reduce their required engagement or remove the support
       | plan?" Generally, no. The cost of keeping experts around is
       | usually far lower than a SaaS bill and new features will always
       | need to be built.
       | 
       | I don't understand this assertion. One of the main perverse
       | incentives affecting open core software quality is that the more
       | help people need with the software, the more they'll value
       | support. This article _about open core incentives regarding
       | software quality_ just handwaves this away.
       | 
       | The other demotivator is that having your (OSS) open core be good
       | means that if you make any user-hostile business-motivated
       | demands, somebody will simply fork you and take over your
       | business.
       | 
       | The best defense against the latter is the GPL. Make your
       | competition share all of their work while you don't have to. And
       | ask yourself: if your strategy is going to be to leverage an OSS
       | application to sell proprietary accessories, why be bitchy about
       | copyleft? It's the best of both worlds - open enough that you're
       | contributing to the commons, and restrictive enough that you (as
       | the copyright holder) can still play games with licensing keys
       | and obfuscation to accomplish business objectives. If the
       | community forks your GPL core and publicly builds on it better
       | than you do behind closed doors, it means that you've been
       | outcompeted fair and square.
        
         | tremon wrote:
         | _Make your competition share all of their work while you don 't
         | have to._
         | 
         | Can't your competitor then just release their contributions as
         | AGPL? Of course, you're free not to accept their contributions,
         | but under the AGPL you can no longer merge their contributions
         | back into your commercial product without having to share all
         | of your work too.
         | 
         | (Yes, usual caveats about the scope of "the work" apply. But
         | that applies just as much to your competitors as to you)
        
           | mperham wrote:
           | Under the GPL, contributions have to use the same license:
           | GPL.
        
       | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
       | I'm not sure the part about support contracts being healthier is
       | correct. Doesn't selling support incentivise creating a product
       | that's difficult to use or has reliability issues? I don't know
       | if that happens in practice (and it is the model I would choose
       | myself!) but there's definitely room for perverse incentives
       | there too.
        
       | hwestiii wrote:
       | lol unicorns
        
       | gz5 wrote:
       | There can be 100% user-facing feature parity with differences on:
       | 
       | + SLA and support models (including updates, delivery,
       | integration, etc)
       | 
       | + Hosted vs. self-hosted
       | 
       | + Procurement models
       | 
       | + Compliance models
       | 
       | + Legal, licensing, IP models
       | 
       | The last 3 may be most applicable in the enterprise part of the
       | market, but can be critical there. Enterprise also often has
       | 'features' which are driven by admin, ops, security, procurement
       | and compliance teams. These 'features' may make sense to limit to
       | the SaaS, partially to keep the FOSS clean, and don't conflict
       | with a mission of user-facing feature equivalence between FOSS
       | and SaaS.
        
       | madmax108 wrote:
       | As someone building something that's intended to be released as
       | open-core, I disagree with this article. I've worked at and with
       | B2B companies my entire life and specifically in that domain,
       | there's a lot of "process-things" that are steamlined using a
       | SaaS rather than by self-hosting. It's "much" easier to get a
       | budget for a SaaS for $5 per user rather than have devops
       | involved with setting up infra for a new service (and move around
       | a hundred other priorities for them), and they'd happily say
       | <non-trivial money> to have someone else send an invoice at end
       | of the month for a service even if they can technically host it
       | themselves with 90% of the core features.
       | 
       | Of course, there's other 'grey-pattern' techniques that open-core
       | systems use (eg. the notorious https://sso.tax) that can also
       | help build companies around but it's important to note that a
       | small 10-100 person company has very different "app
       | visibility/reporting/analytics" needs than a 1000 person
       | corporate with multi-level hierarchies, and it's very much
       | possible to build out a profitable company that builds a
       | community with the 10-100 person startup via open source
       | offerings that work perfectly for their use-cases while charging
       | the companies that want something that "just works" for them for
       | a lot of the advanced non-core stuff (and services).
        
       | ikiris wrote:
       | Sso tax comes to mind here
        
       | ny711 wrote:
       | "However, open-source companies need to accept that the majority
       | of their big deals and logos come from support contracts, not
       | cloud spending"
        
       | aposm wrote:
       | I got halfway through this before reading the line "Docker,
       | Elastic, and MongoDB are great examples of succeeding with the
       | hosted open-core SaaS" and realizing I have a fundamentally
       | different idea of the meaning of "open-core" and perhaps also
       | "success" from the author. I'm not sure I can agree with anything
       | else stated in the article either...
        
         | sweaver wrote:
         | would love if you could elaborate your definition for open core
         | (and success) as curious to hear an alternative perspective :-)
        
       | solidsnack9000 wrote:
       | A model that could align incentives better is putting the IP in a
       | trust with the development company as a trust management
       | corporation, with developers, managers, &c, functioning as
       | trustees. Users buy in to the trust -- their license will be a
       | kind of share -- and thus users are beneficiaries.
       | 
       | In order to make any use of the project, users also have to be
       | trustees. This model allows restrictions on what they use it for,
       | what they disclose, &c, because users must agree to certain terms
       | as part of becoming trustees.
       | 
       | Because the development company is a trustee, their incentives
       | are different from those of software companies that own IP:
       | trustees have a fiduciary duty to act in the interests of
       | beneficiaries (even though trust management companies can have
       | their own shares and shareholders, they nevertheless have a
       | fiduciary duty to the beneficiaries).
       | 
       | One of the benefits of open source is that it's possible to
       | arrange for succession if a company stalls out. No one is
       | breaking the law by continuing to develop on the basis of the old
       | IP. Organizing the software as a trust with users as
       | beneficiaries makes it relatively easy to manage succession, as
       | well, since the beneficiaries are the ultimate owners of the
       | property contained in the trust and have a power to appoint new
       | trustees as well as remove old ones.
        
       | pugio wrote:
       | What about a commercial source but fully source-available
       | product?
       | 
       | I'm currently building an app I hope will appeal to the HN crowd,
       | and I was planning on making the full source available to all
       | customers - this would be billed as a feature of the product.
       | 
       | I can't count the number of times I was happily using a closed
       | source product only to find a bug or missing feature that I
       | really wished I could just make a small tweak to add/fix. I
       | didn't need the app to be open source or anything, I just wanted
       | to be able to see what was running and make a small change
       | myself. For many of these situations I would happily commit the
       | patch back to the commercial product, just so that my experience
       | would be nicer.
       | 
       | I want to be able to charge for and sell my app, but I would like
       | all my users to be able to see exactly what's running under the
       | hood, and be able to tweak and modify it for their own personal
       | use. (I also plan on including an extensive public extension API.
       | Extensions can also be open source of course.)
       | 
       | To me this seems like a fairly good sweet spot, as I really do
       | need to charge to be able to support the development. I could
       | even see committing to always keeping the source available to
       | users, or to open source it if I ever stop commercial development
       | of the product. I hope this appeals to folks here, because I
       | can't see a better model that will support a single developer as
       | I go.
        
         | OkayPhysicist wrote:
         | I've played a few video games with this model: the source being
         | available is a help to modders and the like, while still
         | maintaining the game's commercial status. The best example I
         | can think of is Barotrauma, where just a couple months ago
         | there was a release that subtly broke networking on Macs. Quick
         | code change fixed it so that my Apple-locked friends could play
         | until the company got around to fixing it. Minecraft falls into
         | the sorta-defacto version of this, where they distribute the
         | necessary mappings to decompile the game for modding purposes.
         | 
         | Personally I think it should be the default distribution model
         | for software. If I'm relying on a piece of software, especially
         | one I paid for, doubly-especially if it's running on my
         | machine, I should have the right to modify it and probably to
         | distribute my modifications.
        
         | whartung wrote:
         | It's one thing to be able to see what's going on under the
         | hood. It's another being able to change what's going on under
         | the hood. And it's a third thing not having that change you
         | just made get stomped on, or interfere with the next great
         | release of the product.
         | 
         | Even potentially more difficult is getting your change accepted
         | by the software vendor to where it's now incorporated in to the
         | production product.
         | 
         | I mean, this is nothing new, this happens with open source
         | projects all the time, but it can be a difference in scope
         | depending on the level that your company actually relies on
         | some product for their operations.
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | What about making the basic product free but charging a fee
           | for modifications?
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | Which is like the Unreal Engine Model. Unfortunately this
         | "Share Source" model hasn't caught on and lacks a widely
         | accepted license.
         | 
         | I hope I am wrong and do wish you to succeed. But Not Strictly
         | Open Source doesn't appeal much to HN crowd.
        
           | pythonaut_16 wrote:
           | > But Not Strictly Open Source doesn't appeal much to HN
           | crowd
           | 
           | I don't think this is true. "Open Source" But Not Really is
           | what gets criticized here, such as Elasticsearch's new
           | license.
           | 
           | Things that want to benefit from calling themselves open
           | source while restricting user freedoms.
           | 
           | Source available on the other hand is exactly what it claims
           | to be. It's more open than strictly closed source and less
           | free than fully open source.
        
       | piersj225 wrote:
       | I'm sure there are more counter examples but I've always liked
       | drawio
        
       | manv1 wrote:
       | That's not an Open Core problem, that's a b2b problem.
       | 
       | Good enough means b2b. Consumer-facing stuff generally has a much
       | better UI/UX than b2b stuff, because consumers care.
        
       | mastax wrote:
       | I haven't investigated how true this is, but I've long suspected
       | the reason that PostgreSQL remains relatively difficult to
       | install, configure, replicate, and cluster is that most of the
       | development is done by companies who sell paid solutions that
       | make it easy to install, configure, replicate, and/or cluster.
        
         | aliqot wrote:
         | Either I'm the guy setting up all the vulnerable Postgres
         | installs or I'm just some kind of unknown Postgres savant.
         | 
         | Cany anybody help me out and mention some setup details a
         | blissful idiot like myself might be neglecting in their
         | postgres cluster-ups?
        
           | CodesInChaos wrote:
           | How do you handle replication and failover?
           | 
           | The cluster of 3+ servers must remain consistent, available,
           | and not lose committed transactions when a minority of
           | servers (including the former master) fails.
        
             | com wrote:
             | I've had good experiences with logical replication and
             | pg_auto_failover. The cool thing is that the libpq-based
             | clients do some of the work during failovers. You'll need
             | three nodes though.
        
         | ensignavenger wrote:
         | Some of those solutions are themselves open source. Perhaps I
         | am being too generous, but I tend to think in this case it is
         | more that there are many possible approaches to these things
         | and the postgres community simply does not want to bless any
         | one solution just yet.
        
         | hardwaresofton wrote:
         | Postgres is super easy to run with these days -- it works great
         | in a container.
         | 
         | Clustering and replication isn't the easiest but that's mostly
         | because it just _hasn 't_ been a focus of the postgres machine
         | -- they're making changes that are a bit more fundamental and
         | in my opinion pressing.
         | 
         | Most startups just need to scale a postgres server vertically,
         | not horizontally.
        
       | sytse wrote:
       | There are different types of features you can monetize with open
       | core. The article talks about monetizing features that allow you
       | to run it as a SaaS and the problems with that. At GitLab we
       | opted to make those open: "The open source codebase will have all
       | the features that are essential to running a large 'forge' with
       | public and private repositories"
       | https://about.gitlab.com/company/stewardship/#promises Instead we
       | monetize features that managers and executives care more about
       | https://about.gitlab.com/company/pricing/#buyer-based-open-c...
       | This prevents the perverse incentives mentioned in the article.
        
         | ensignavenger wrote:
         | There a lots of features in gitlab that are closed source that
         | I, as small, one man shop, would like to have. I do think
         | gitlab does a much better job of balancing proprietary versus
         | open source features than most open core products, but the
         | incentive still seems to be there to keep useful features back.
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | One example is global cross-repo search. When looking for
           | substrings on KDE or GNOME's Gitlab, I often want to use the
           | global search bar, but there is no free full-text search
           | across all repositories hosted there, and I have to rely on
           | code search tools external from the code hosting site's UI,
           | like KDE's https://lxr.kde.org/.
        
           | dnsmichi wrote:
           | GitLab team member here.
           | 
           | You can make suggestions to move features between tiers, i.e.
           | moving a paid feature to the free tier, by opening an issue
           | following https://about.gitlab.com/company/pricing/#changing-
           | tiers-and...
        
             | no_wizard wrote:
             | While I appreciate one can do this, it doesn't mean it will
             | happen, and doesn't really answer the OPs question head on.
             | 
             | Which is, does GitLab intentionally evaluate certain
             | features to be behind the paywall to boost sales?
        
               | sfink wrote:
               | Why wouldn't they? I guess I don't see why the question
               | needs to be asked. There are more interesting questions
               | to be asked about how GitLab makes such decisions.
               | 
               | If there's a feature that is mostly only valuable to
               | pointy-haired bosses, then of course there will be people
               | who want that feature to be available for free. But such
               | a feature _should_ be behind the paywall. It will end up
               | funding features outside of the paywall, so the free
               | users have a reason to be happy about it being behind the
               | paywall.
               | 
               | Of course there will be lots of things in the middle, and
               | people will disagree on every aspect of the evaluation.
               | And people will argue that something should be free
               | because it's good for the community when in fact they
               | want it to be free because they don't want to pay for it.
               | Such is the nature of the balancing act that GitLab
               | signed up for, and I respect them for it.
               | 
               | It's a relatively new spin on the ancient balancing act
               | of value creation vs value capture. TANSTAAFL
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | I think we're coming at it the same way, but I'm being
               | more terse in my question line.
               | 
               | I am interested in how they arrive in those decisions and
               | do revenue generation features / fixes get weighted
               | differently than non, or are those types of tasks
               | separate from their revenue potential or retention?
               | 
               | I think I'm just leaning on the OP for this context, but
               | I should have added it.
        
               | idontpost wrote:
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | The problem is, some think that these (and other) approaches
         | are _killing_ open source.
         | 
         | > _If we normalize projects baiting developers with an open
         | source license to gain traction and switching to a non-open
         | source license to monopolize the returns on that traction, then
         | the logical next step for investors will be skipping that first
         | step entirely._
         | 
         | > _And that, for the industry, is nothing but a dead end._
         | 
         | - redmonk.com/sogrady, https://archive.is/GN2Bd
        
           | andrewstuart2 wrote:
           | You can absolutely use GitLab to the highest levels of
           | productivity and effectiveness without paying a cent. It just
           | tends to require more input and effort and results in tool
           | sprawl if you want to recreate the GitLab EE experience for
           | free. It's possible for many of the important features, and
           | where it's not possible, it's usually not critical.
           | 
           | GitLab is, imo, one of the best examples of how to do paid
           | open source. Especially because they've gone about it without
           | the relicensing switch that many companies have attempted in
           | order to "protect their business/product."
        
         | kotlin2 wrote:
         | Are you then incentivized to work on managerial features rather
         | than core product features? The disincentive comes from the
         | fact that profits aren't tied to the quality of the product.
        
       | xchip wrote:
       | they are incentivized to make them somewhat complex
        
         | ny711 wrote:
         | Let's make something so complex no one really knows how to use
         | it and then we can sell support on top of that
        
       | novok wrote:
       | A big attraction of open core is you can start fixing things that
       | matter for you as the company on your schedule vs. asking your
       | vendor and hoping they get to it one day.
        
       | ensignavenger wrote:
       | Funny, two of the three products (Elastic, and MongoDB) mentioned
       | as successful open core aren't even open core anymore, but use a
       | non-open source license. Does that mean they were so successful
       | they didn't need to have an open source product anymore? I don't
       | see it as anything to celebrate.
        
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