[HN Gopher] Mud boosts the immune system
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mud boosts the immune system
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 168 points
       Date   : 2022-10-15 09:51 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | Kudotap wrote:
        
       | chrischen wrote:
       | When I was a kid (in China), before boarding my flight to the US,
       | my relatives packed some balls of dirt in my carry on for me to
       | make "tea" from.
        
       | tiku wrote:
       | Walk barefoot more. There was an article on here a while back
       | that also claimed it helped. Because you get in contact with
       | dirt/ground.
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | But do be careful of domedtic fecal matter.
        
           | chihuahua wrote:
           | Domestic fecal matter? Someone shits on the floor in my
           | house, and I step into it? Yes that could present some
           | problems, such as slipping on the stairs.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | What's the mechanism here? Doesn't the thick skin on the
         | bottoms of your feet prevent and microorganisms from entering
         | your body? That's what it's for after all.
        
           | abledon wrote:
           | grounding your electrochemical system 'soup' of cells
        
           | rekrsiv wrote:
           | Electrons:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265077/
        
           | RosanaAnaDana wrote:
           | In at least one case, worms.
           | 
           | https://www.science.org/content/article/parasitic-worms-
           | may-...
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Hemlinths enter the body through contaminated food and
             | water, not through the feet. They're also pretty bad for
             | you, and can make you very sick for years.
        
       | mustafabisic1 wrote:
       | This explains a lot about my childhood when my parents would just
       | let me be outside all the time.
       | 
       | Also it reminds me of an interesting conclusion somebody had here
       | on HN that it's weird how we insctinctively know how each thing
       | around us would taste.
       | 
       | Like if I told you do you know how the door would taste if you
       | licked it. A taste would come in your mind.
       | 
       | Fascinating stuff. This article is definitely going into my next
       | week's newsletter for remote working parents
       | (https://thursdaydigest.com/). Even though most of my subscribers
       | are from HN.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | Babies offered free choice from a variety of foods seem to
         | automatically know how to pick in a way to get a good balanced
         | diet [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1626509/
        
       | tartoran wrote:
       | Back in Eastern europe, usually in the summer and by the seaside
       | or in an usual sunbathing setting, older people with various
       | ailments such as rheumatism cover themselves in black mud and
       | keep it on for hours then wash it off. Some of them are also
       | practicing nudism as well, this part is quite funny. I never knew
       | if there was an actual benefit from it, and still am somewhat
       | skeptical though I'd give it a try if I had the chance and need.
       | Could as well be a bucket list item. At the same time I think
       | we've lost some ancient treatments this way and when it comes to
       | the immune system, seems to me it's on the better side if it's
       | stimulated rather than overprotected by isolation from exposure
       | sources. I have a kid in preK and they're sick quite frequently
       | and it's quite a normal thing.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | Does the length of time it covers you matter? It would seem to
         | me that leaving it on for shorter periods but getting more
         | diversity by having more applications of new mud would be more
         | effective.
         | 
         | Babies are born from a sterile environment and apparently
         | passing through the birth canal and then immediately being
         | placed on the mother for skin-to-skin contact, even if only for
         | a few minutes, is sufficient to populate the microbiome. But
         | perhaps that's because it is a clean slate being populated.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | I actually found its more widespread in use, here's the wiki
           | entry for mud bathing:
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_bath
        
       | PaulKeeble wrote:
       | There are various bacteria that stay within our gut and help us
       | process fibre that comes from mud and nature generally, we have a
       | symbiotic relationship with at least thousands of bacteria.
       | 
       | The more interesting and potentially very medically relevant
       | presence in mud is Phages, viruses for Bacteria. There are
       | various bacteria our body can not clear and that are also
       | antibiotic resistant and a treatment for them would be immensely
       | beneficial. Yet nature has a phage for all of them, millions of
       | different ones and they are very effective if you can find the
       | right one.
        
         | robk wrote:
         | Really fascinating area of science. They were ignored in lieu
         | of antibiotics in the post war forming of big Pharma (except
         | for pockets like France and Russia). Startups are working in
         | this space now https://www.phagos.org/
        
           | Raydovsky wrote:
           | You forgot Georgia. They are way ahead of Russia when it
           | comes to phages
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | We'll phages present their own issues. Antibiotics were cheap
           | and easy to mass produce.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Are you talking about bacteriophages? What issues do they
             | present?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _various bacteria our body can not clear and that are also
         | antibiotic resistant and a treatment for them would be
         | immensely beneficial_
         | 
         | Do phages attack human cells? I thought they were a pest to
         | bacteria.
        
           | PaulKeeble wrote:
           | No they are very specific in what they attack, you can have a
           | phage for killing E Coli but it will only kill a very precise
           | subspecies of E Coli. They are so specialised there are many
           | millions, maybe even billions of them and they ignore
           | anything that isn't their target.
           | 
           | This what makes them amazing and awful at the same time. It
           | could take a while to identify the right phage for a bacteria
           | that is killing a patient and you have to wait and see if it
           | works. On the other hand when you find the right thing you
           | can destroy the bacteria without hurting the patient and
           | without destroying other bacteria in the process. Unlike
           | antibiotics you are not going to destroy you microbiome with
           | the right phage.
        
         | m3047 wrote:
         | You can get packets of bacillus subtilis at farm stores,
         | labeled "Sav-A-Chick". You can add it to your chickens' water;
         | it helps with diarrhea.
        
       | 4gotunameagain wrote:
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | I grew up in the countryside and the article's conclusion of
         | "let your kids eat some dirt" has always been rather
         | anecdotally obvious to me; I tromped through a lot of mud and
         | unwisely put a lot of weird things in my mouth and I seem to
         | have a much more robust immune system than my peers who didn't.
         | 
         | That said, "growing up in the countryside" isn't itself
         | necessary. You just need to grow up with some decent nature
         | within walking distance. Yes, many urban environments have
         | unwisely paved over all their green spaces with parking lots
         | and high rises. But that's not a necessary feature of a city;
         | look for cities that value green spaces, e.g. Pittsburgh's
         | Frick Park/Schenley Park/Hazelwood Greenway triangle provides
         | ample opportunity for getting lost in unmanicured woods.
         | 
         | Part of what gets my goat is the idea that humans _only_
         | evolved to live in bucolic, pastoral locales. Humans have been
         | banding together in cities for 6,000 years now; we have plenty
         | of adaptations for urban living (such as, ironically, disease
         | resistance; the notion that city living is _cleaner_ than
         | country living is a modern phenomenon).
        
           | oldcigarette wrote:
           | To your point every creek in pittsburgh is still "shit creek"
           | or loaded with amd in the spring. I wouldn't eat any mud -
           | maybe some dirt up on a hill.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | I think it was Steven Pinker who claimed that we were best
           | evolved for life on the savanah, bucolic pastoral type
           | settings with wide open fields. Settings that are easy on the
           | eyes and provide a good line of sight while also providing
           | corners to duck for cover. A setting which has mostly been
           | replicated by the suburbs. True that we have adapted to live
           | in cities fairly well, but even a few thousand years I would
           | think would be too short for evolution.
        
             | not2b wrote:
             | While this may or may not be the case, Pinker is a linguist
             | and has neither the expertise nor evidence to back up this
             | assertion. I don't think modern American suburbs resemble
             | the African savanna. But the chaparral terrain on much of
             | the California coast where I often hike is a lot closer to
             | it.
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | He is a psycho-linguist and his field is evolutionary
               | psychology. He never claimed a complete resemblance
               | between the savannah and suburbia, but just that both
               | contain many of the key features which would make it
               | highly suitable for the species, at least from an
               | evolutionary perspective.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker
        
           | MichaelCollins wrote:
           | > _That said, "growing up in the countryside" isn't itself
           | necessary. You just need to grow up with some decent nature
           | within walking distance. Yes, many urban environments have
           | unwisely paved over all their green spaces with parking lots
           | and high rises. But that's not a necessary feature of a city;
           | look for cities that value green spaces, e.g. Pittsburgh's
           | Frick Park/Schenley Park/Hazelwood Greenway triangle provides
           | ample opportunity for getting lost in unmanicured woods._
           | 
           | I can scarcely imagine city parks providing the country
           | upbringing experience of running off into the woods after
           | breakfast and not coming home until dinner, every day of
           | summer until school season started again. Visiting the park
           | for a few hours once or twice a week just isn't the same.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | I encourage you to visit the places I've mentioned if
             | you're ever in Pittsburgh. They're not "parks" in the sense
             | of mowed lawns and baseball fields (Pittsburgh has lots of
             | those too, though). These parks contain legitimate woods in
             | the heart of the city, Frick most especially.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | heynowheynow wrote:
       | Somehow, I suspect a mud resort is behind this.
        
         | starkd wrote:
         | Perhaps. Sort of makes you want to go out and dig a hole.
        
           | heynowheynow wrote:
           | Seriously. Claim Elvis, Madonna, and Oprah visited. And it
           | has indescribable cleansing properties. Wellness is the
           | easiest place to make money because it's selling sweet little
           | lies people want to hear.
        
             | starkd wrote:
             | Plus who doesn't like digging a good hole in the ground.
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | When you visit the page, the title is "How mud boosts your immune
       | system" -- but isn't all the evidence and discussion about
       | _children_?
       | 
       | As far as I understand, this exposure to mud / bacteria is
       | particularly beneficial during the first three years (maybe a few
       | more years; probably not much consensus there) and there isn't
       | evidence to think people over 18 would benefit from continued
       | exposure (though gardening seems to benefit health; and perhaps
       | those who have gone through antibiotic treatment might benefit -
       | though I know of no such evidence, never looked).
       | 
       | Could anyone who has more familiarity with the topic comment? :)
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > When you visit the page, the title is "How mud boosts your
         | immune system" -- but isn't all the evidence and discussion
         | about children?
         | 
         | You wouldn't be able to find enough people to test if you
         | focused on adults who played in the dirt and mud now, but _didn
         | 't_ when they were children. I don't think there's any reason
         | to doubt that it would work on adults, although I wouldn't
         | assume it would, either.
        
       | m3047 wrote:
       | All I have is anecdata.
       | 
       | Early years were extremely urban; still have allergies; learned
       | some things about managing them as an adult. Had a resurgence in
       | autoimmune issues a few years ago (triggered by an initial
       | misdiagnosis); declined doing allergy shots again, absolutely no
       | doubt in my mind that my improvement since would be claimed as a
       | win by allopathic practitioners if I'd gone that route.
       | 
       | I used to spend a lot of time in the woods doing extreme stuff;
       | I've bled all over the place, even got some nasty puncture
       | wounds, never got infected; scuffed my hand in an urban park and
       | got blood poisoning.
       | 
       | I eat produce and fruit from my own grounds. I hug chickens. I
       | pick up and dispose of dead things (carefully). Yes, I've had a
       | tetanus shot in recent memory.
       | 
       | Pretty sure I had COVID early on, barely noticed it. Or it could
       | have been the lisinopril (blood pressure issue also stemming from
       | the misdiagnosis, although it too is improving). I can only say
       | "pretty sure" because I've asked repeatedly for an antibody test
       | and the doctors have refused.
       | 
       | Worked for biotechs, had safety training. Wore N95s throughout
       | COVID indoors most places, taking care when removing them;
       | sanitize my hands; wash them when I get home; avoid public
       | restrooms if at all possible; have only eaten at restaurants
       | twice since COVID started. In summary, I take measures which are
       | probably half-assed, but I'm very consistent.
       | 
       | Haven't had the "flu" either. Moved my annual physical to June
       | starting this year, which is the yearly minimum for ILI around
       | here; the physician had a studied "no comment" about this.
       | 
       | When I was at the clinic in February to set this up, while I was
       | sitting in the waiting room the linen service employee came to
       | pick up the wash wearing dirty work gloves and nobody paid
       | attention; after five minutes I got up and took some sani wipes
       | to the door handles; then they noticed.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | Is the point of your comment that exposure and being active
         | outdoors helps build your resistance.
         | 
         | Also you sound a bit over cautious. Are you over 50? Otherwise
         | you don't really need a yearly physical. At least according to
         | my doctor.
        
       | jvican wrote:
       | A relevant article arguing the opposite can be found in
       | Elizabeth's blog: "Eating Dirt is Basically Made Up"
       | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/JzJcgsKBf35FeuZSD/eating-dir...
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Not really. Your reference is against _" eating dirt"_ which
         | seems to have become a popular pop-sci article shorthand for
         | other stuff about sanitation that she says has plenty of
         | backing. I was a filthy kid, but I didn't intentionally eat
         | dirt (that would be weird), I ate with dirty hands.
        
           | chihuahua wrote:
           | I'm told I used to eat dirt (sand, soil, etc) as a child,
           | which upset my brother. It seems to have worked out for me -
           | I have no allergies and can digest anything and everything,
           | in contrast with people who proclaim that carbs make them
           | bloat, they get tired after eating sugar, etc.
           | 
           | I still get a good dose of dirt from frequent bike rides on
           | dusty logging roads, where the occasional passing car stirs
           | up dust clouds that end up in my mouth and nose.
        
       | noduerme wrote:
       | I love to hear about dirt "teaming" with microorganisms. They
       | make a great pair!
        
       | tigen wrote:
       | It's all fun and games until you get the brain-eating amoeba.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naegleria_fowleri
        
         | rpastuszak wrote:
         | Not for the amoeba!
        
         | dqpb wrote:
         | Or lead
        
       | logicalmonster wrote:
       | This seems to be a unique period in history to test the idea with
       | a large sample size.
       | 
       | I'm not sure how this could easily be measured while taking into
       | account every variable, but I'd love to see good studies done
       | over the long-term based on how people are reacting to living
       | with Covid-19.
       | 
       | Due to a high state of fear, a portion of people seem resigned to
       | living the rest of their lives wearing masks/gloves/face shields
       | everywhere in public, very frequently cleaning themselves and
       | their living environments to kill every possible germ, washing
       | their hands more frequently than might be reasonably necessary,
       | avoiding many public interactions, etc. If humans are better off
       | with some reasonable amount of exposure to the normal bacteria in
       | nature, the fearful people might end up with worse off immune
       | systems due to this lack of normal exposure.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mush_room wrote:
       | I'm not providing a reference with this comment but I've heard
       | numerous times that at the time of the polio epidemic it was a
       | common observation that kids raised in "rough" conditions, i.e.
       | on the streets and exposed to all the insalubrity that goes with
       | it, were handling polio infections much better than kids raised
       | with modern hygiene. The so-called "hygiene hypothesis"...
        
         | raydev wrote:
         | I don't see how one can conclusively say rough conditions
         | improved immune systems.
         | 
         | What rules out the theory that those who survived were born
         | with superior immune systems, or that they were missing traits
         | that would make them susceptible to severe illness?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | o_____________o wrote:
         | > insalubrity
         | 
         | great word
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | > Noun. insalubrity (usually uncountable, plural
           | insalubrities) The condition of being insalubrious;
           | unhealthiness, unwholesomeness.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | You've reminded me of this George Carlin rant:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X29lF43mUlo
         | 
         | Edit: Usually I regret scrolling down to youtube comments, not
         | this time:
         | 
         | > This is not a comedy, this is a TED talk.
        
         | MichaelCollins wrote:
         | > _I 'm not providing a reference with this comment_
         | 
         | Here is the CDC saying it:
         | 
         | > _Before the 18th century, polioviruses probably circulated
         | widely. Initial infections with at least one type probably
         | occurred in early infancy, when transplacentally acquired
         | maternal antibodies were high and protected infants from
         | infection-causing paralysis._
         | 
         | > _In the immediate prevaccine era, during the first half of
         | the 20th century, improved sanitation resulted in less frequent
         | exposure and increased the age of primary infection, resulting
         | in large epidemics with high numbers of deaths. The incidence
         | dramatically decreased after the introduction of inactivated
         | polio vaccine (IPV) in 1955 and continued to decline following
         | oral polio vaccine (OPV) introduction in 1961. From the more
         | than 21,000 paralytic cases reported in 1952, only 2,525 cases
         | were reported in 1960 and 61 cases in 1965._
         | 
         | > _Poliovirus Secular Trends in the United Status:_
         | 
         | > * _Before the 18th century, polioviruses probably circulated
         | widely_
         | 
         | > * _In immediate prevaccine era, improved sanitation resulted
         | in less frequent exposure and increased age of primary
         | infection, resulting in large epidemics with high death count_
         | 
         | > * _Incidence dramatically decreased following inactivated
         | polio vaccine (IPV) introduction in 1955_
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html
        
           | triplesec wrote:
           | Does this take into account the fact that before hygiene,
           | germ theory and the beginning of the C20th, most infants died
           | early? Dying of these pathogens as an infant is a reliable
           | way not to catch them later in life.
        
             | MichaelCollins wrote:
             | It has nothing to do with mortality rates generally, and is
             | specifically about polio. Polio generally wasn't killing
             | very young infants, most of them were protected by
             | antibodies from their mothers.
             | 
             | My guess is that sanitary conditions during infancy were
             | still a net positive overall. Just not with respect to
             | polio specifically. To protect children from polio you
             | either need vaccination with dead/weak polio, or exposure
             | to polio as an infant when they had protection from
             | maternal antibodies. Either way teaches the immune system
             | to fight polio, but without either of those the risk of
             | polio rises with age. An adult who catches polio is about
             | 10x more likely to die than a child (not infant) who
             | catches it.
        
           | addingadimensio wrote:
           | > * In immediate prevaccine era, improved sanitation resulted
           | in less frequent exposure and increased age of primary
           | infection, resulting in large epidemics with high death count
           | 
           | How do you suss out the difference between increasing
           | sanitation vs vaccination in a time where sanitation is on an
           | upwards trajectory? Polio is spread from feces. Eventually
           | people stopped drinking contaminated water. full stop.
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | I've heard that poliomyelitis (the specific nerve damage) can
           | be also caused by other things than the poliovirus. Most
           | notably certain pesticides that are fortunately no longer in
           | widespread use.
           | 
           | It's hard to find non kooky references, but the notion of
           | environmental poisons in the gut somehow transferring to the
           | lower spinal cord sounds at least plausible.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | mush_room wrote:
           | This wasn't in infants, children of age to play in the
           | streets.
        
             | MichaelCollins wrote:
             | No, it's only in infants. If a child old enough to walk
             | around is exposed to polio for the first time (no
             | vaccination or exposure as an infant), they'll have no
             | protection and have a serious risk of being crippled. The
             | sanitary conditions in which infants were kept in the
             | decades preceding polio vaccination prevented them from
             | being exposed to polio during their short window of
             | protection, and as soon as they left the crib they were at
             | serious risk.
             | 
             | It's specifically the sanitation of the living condition of
             | infants that had the effect, not the general sanitation
             | level of society. Polio was still circulating through the
             | population outside during this time period, but infants
             | were shielded from it during their short window of
             | protection.
        
               | mush_room wrote:
               | ok, but the observation I was referring to was talking
               | about those children, and how they tended do to much
               | better when exposed to polio; maybe that's a complete
               | fabrication, I don't have a reference on hand
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | I think you probably heard a corruption of the truth
               | through a game of telephone. Playing outside never gave
               | children any protection from polio, but unsanitary living
               | conditions for infants did.
        
               | mush_room wrote:
               | You're right, after researching, mentions of the hygiene
               | hypothesis all attribute the epidemic to decreases in
               | exposure in infancy, and possibly decreases in exposure
               | in the mother as well.
               | 
               | But I did find where I got that from, for whatever it's
               | worth, George Carlin:
               | 
               | > When I was a little boy in New York City in the 1940s,
               | we swam in the Hudson River, and it was filled with raw
               | sewage. OK? We swam in raw sewage -- you know, to cool
               | off. And at that time, the big fear was polio. Thousands
               | of kids died from polio every year. But you know
               | something? In my neighborhood, no one ever got polio. No
               | one. Ever. You know why? 'Cause we swam in raw sewage.
               | 
               | (from https://www.businessinsider.com/george-carlin-why-
               | we-need-to...)
               | 
               | [edit]: I do wonder if, because I have no reason to doubt
               | it's true, what being exposed to sewage-infested water
               | did is provide some sort of vaccination, by means of
               | exposure to very low levels - insufficient for infection
               | - of pathogens including polio. After all, that kind of
               | analogue process is what early vaccination was.
               | 
               | [edit 2]: that might still be completely off, I mean,
               | reading about it I understand that at the time, 10x as
               | many children would die by accidents, and 3x from cancer.
        
         | 323 wrote:
         | I think the "hygiene hypothesis" is mostly related to
         | allergies, not infections per se.
         | 
         | Kids in countries with "rough" conditions have a much higher
         | mortality than kids in the developed world. I think it's pretty
         | well accepted that the hygiene revolution decreased child (and
         | adult) mortality a lot. That's not to say it didn't create
         | other problems, but surely on net a "cleaner" world is better.
         | Nobody is advocating not washing your hands before you eat.
         | 
         | So while "tougher raised" kids probably have a better immune
         | system, the risk associated with pathogen exposure grow even
         | more dramatically, such that they surpass the benefit.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > So while "tougher raised" kids probably have a better
           | immune system, the risk associated with pathogen exposure
           | grow even more dramatically, such that they surpass the
           | benefit.
           | 
           | Maybe, but
           | 
           | 1) the younger you are, the better you can deal with a lot of
           | these infections, it's when you're older and you haven't seen
           | them that they become a problem, and
           | 
           | 2) the kind of exposure you get from being filthy is not
           | going to be as concentrated as most of the exposures that
           | make you sick e.g. from other people. A tiny exposure from a
           | bit of dirt is going to take forever to grow into something
           | that will hurt you, so your immune system has plenty of time
           | to figure it out before it gets there. Then when somebody
           | sneezes in your face, you've had the immunity without ever
           | being aware of the sickness.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | Yeah this is the failing of hygiene hypothesis. Do kids
           | raised in dirt or near animals have stronger immune responses
           | than kids raised in a sanitized modern life? Probably. Do
           | they have better long term outcomes in terms of overall
           | health and longevity? Very unlikely and certainly never
           | proven.
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | We could give birth to more children and let them die. Those
           | who survive will be stronger. People removed natural
           | selection from the equation with children healthcare. It
           | could be a wrong direction for humanity.
        
           | mush_room wrote:
           | I think both can be true, question of balance.
           | 
           | Concerning kids exposed to those pathogens in the developing
           | world, we have to consider that malnutrition is a major
           | contributor.
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Or, said another way - it was harder to survive being raised
           | in those 'rough' conditions, but if you did, you were
           | tougher. Survival of the fittest.
        
             | Klinky wrote:
             | One of the failings of the simple concept of "survival of
             | the fittest" is that survival just means you pass on genes,
             | your quality of life might be poor up til then or you die
             | shortly after, and fitness is towards the environment you
             | grew up in, you may fail completely at adapting to an
             | environmental shift later on.
             | 
             | The concept only goes so far, and people need to be wary of
             | it being used to potentially justify that harsh living
             | conditions are okay or "better". It can come off as an
             | appeal to nature.
        
               | Hextinium wrote:
               | I think the previous comment was referring to that the
               | people with weak immune systems/severe allergies don't
               | make it to adulthood. And so of course in clean
               | environments where they survive there is a higher
               | population of people with allergies.
        
               | Klinky wrote:
               | Only in very severe disease would that be the case. Many
               | can become maimed & debilitated instead of just
               | dying(e.g. Polio), and even those who come through
               | "unscathed", the damage may just be hidden. You can see
               | this with a lot of diseases like HPV,
               | herpes(chickenpox/shingles) or hepatitis, where severe
               | disease manifests well into adulthood. Many diseases have
               | adapted to not kill the host and evade the immune system.
               | 
               | You also may just have chronic re-exposure or a failure
               | to clear pathogens, which can be detrimental to an entire
               | population. An example would be worms that don't get
               | cleared by the immune system and for which the person is
               | constantly being re-exposed to. You end up with cognitive
               | and physical issues that don't kill, but reduce a
               | person's quality of life.
               | 
               | Some of the hygiene hypothesis is around the immune
               | system amping up its response due to parasites, and
               | without the parasites present to attack it turns against
               | the body itself. This is kind of what I am talking about.
               | The people with amped up immune systems possibly handled
               | parasite infections better when they were a common
               | problem, but in a society where most people no longer
               | live with chronic parasite infections, it manifests as
               | allergies/immune disease. Living with chronic parasite
               | infection is certainly not on the top of anyone's list to
               | do, though helminthic therapy is something some people
               | have tried to fix their allergy issues.
               | 
               | It is also incredibly hard to determine who has truly
               | lived a "pure" lifestyle free from interference of modern
               | conveniences, so that evolution can truly be the driving
               | factor in their life. Civilization has disrupted
               | evolution for millennia by now, we can't just look back a
               | few generations and claim they were a "tougher breed" who
               | were better because of their purer natural lifestyle.
        
               | secondcoming wrote:
               | Doesn't matter, had sex.
        
       | DOsinga wrote:
       | Not the game then
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | It was all healthy until polyfluoroalkyl contamination spread
       | around the globe, and now rainwater is toxic and so is the soil.
        
       | richardhod wrote:
       | And in other news, bears seen defecating in silvan locations /s
       | 
       | This is definitely true, but not exactly news to most people
        
         | shultays wrote:
         | It is probably not as known to as you think. Lots of parents
         | out there would put their kids in sterile rooms if they were
         | able to. Idea of their kids playing in mud would faint a couple
         | parents out there. Most uses antibiotics on their kids with
         | slightest fever
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _Lots of parents out there would put their kids in sterile
           | rooms if they were able to._
           | 
           | It's pathological microphobia
        
             | sp332 wrote:
             | It's developed from an early age when schoolchildren are
             | taught that all germs are evil.
        
           | roflc0ptic wrote:
           | > Most uses antibiotics on their kids with slightest fever
           | 
           | People in my vicinity generally understand that antibiotics
           | don't help viral infections. What doctors are they getting
           | these antibiotics from? I doubt this claim.
        
             | amerkhalid wrote:
             | Maybe younger generation knows this. I know some older
             | people who keep stash of antibiotics at home and pop those
             | pills for almost everything.
        
             | shultays wrote:
             | At least in Turkey, such parents find new doctors if their
             | old ones does not give them the antibiotics they want.
             | Doctors either dont care or are greedy enough to keep such
             | patients at the expense of fucking up theirs or their kids
             | immune system for life
        
             | pdpi wrote:
             | I'm not sure it's as true now as it was 20 years ago, but I
             | do remember seeing several campaigns raising awareness of
             | the risks of antibiotic abuse.
             | 
             | At any rate, you're not necessarily contradicting GP. You
             | can both know that antibiotics don't help with viral
             | infections and also believe that antibiotic use is
             | harmless. Put the two together, and giving your kids
             | antibiotics "just in case" seems perfectly reasonable.
        
               | roflc0ptic wrote:
               | But in the US at least antibiotics require a prescription
               | from doctors. So you need the doctors to play along, too,
               | and in my own experience I've never received antibiotics
               | unnecessarily
        
               | arcticfox wrote:
               | This is true in the US. In Brazil, my experience is that
               | people expect a doctor to give medicine no matter what,
               | even if it's not warranted.
               | 
               | Major cultural difference to the point where Brazilians
               | feel like American doctors aren't even treating them.
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | You can easily end up with leftovers from a prescription
               | if stop taking them midway through the course once you're
               | feeling better. Those left overs can then be used to
               | self-medicate.
               | 
               | I could speculate on how else it happens, but the
               | important part is that it _does_ happen, and e.g. the
               | Mayo clinic says:
               | 
               | > According to the Centers for Disease Control and
               | Prevention, about one-third of antibiotic use in people
               | is not needed nor appropriate.
               | 
               | https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-
               | health...
        
               | richardhod wrote:
               | .. and this is one of the biggest sources of antibiotic
               | resistance: people not finishing the course of
               | antibiotics becasue they 'feel better now', rather than
               | eliminating the pathogen so it can't gain resistance.
               | Generally, there should never be leftover antibiotics.
        
               | pdpi wrote:
               | As I understand it, there's been some recent studies that
               | suggest it might be better to stop early (which is
               | interesting, but that hasn't become standard practice, so
               | I'll just keep doing what the actual professionals tell
               | me to)
        
         | hk__2 wrote:
         | > This is definitely true, but not exactly news to most people
         | 
         | A lot of people believe it's true, but having a proof of it is
         | newsworthy. This is an old theory and there's still no 100%
         | scientific consensus on whether it's true or not [1][2].
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesis
         | 
         | [2]: https://www.verywellfamily.com/hygiene-and-cleanliness-
         | won-t...
        
           | richardhod wrote:
           | I do take my rather glib comment back, with apologies to the
           | readers here, I know better than that. Indeed, the Hygiene
           | Hypothesis is misused a lot, and which I was actively looking
           | up post-comment. It's the reason a lot of people are -
           | erroneously - trying to infect themselves with COVID-19, to
           | prorect themselves from later catching... the very same
           | harmful pathogen.
           | 
           | See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320962/
        
       | mr_mitm wrote:
       | > According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with
       | friendly microorganisms that can train the immune system and
       | build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies,
       | asthma and even depression and anxiety.
       | 
       | In that light, does it make sense to speak of "boosting the
       | immune system"? If I understand correctly, allergies and asthma
       | are the result of overly active immune system. Depression and
       | anxiety are completely unrelated to the immune system as far as I
       | know. So if anything, playing in mud _dampens_ the immune system
       | of children, albeit in a good way.
       | 
       | Also, the title of the article neglects to mention that this only
       | applies to children.
        
         | jetbooster wrote:
         | It was my understanding that in those cases the immune system
         | overreacts because it hasn't been correctly calibrated by being
         | properly challenged.
         | 
         | It's not that it's too strong, it's that it lashes out at
         | things that aren't actually threats because it's ability to
         | recognise what is and isn't a threat is diminished
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | Yes, "calibrating" is the word that also just jumped into my
           | mind. That would have been a much better fit than "boosting".
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | An additional datapoint I remember reading is that humans for
           | so long has worms and other parasites that dulled the immune
           | system that our immune system is actually hyperactive because
           | we no longer have those parasites to repress it.
        
         | NickM wrote:
         | _Depression and anxiety are completely unrelated to the immune
         | system as far as I know._
         | 
         | They are definitely related. Many studies have found links
         | between inflammation and both anxiety and depression. There's
         | even a Wikipedia page about the depression/inflammation link:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_and_immune_function
        
           | oblak wrote:
           | Not saying it's the same but here it is: I lose small patches
           | of beard during prolonged
           | unhappiness/depression/anxiety/stress
        
         | kaezon wrote:
         | This probably doen't apply to everything, but I did read that
         | the lack of early exposure to peanuts had actually increased
         | the number of individuals who developed peanut allergies. I
         | found a 2017 NIH post which reccomends early exposure to helo
         | prevent the alergy from developing:
         | https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2017/01/10/peanut-allergy-earl...
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This article has a blind spot large enough to drive a truck
       | through, related to the author's apparent belief that we all live
       | in some kind of bucolic pre-industrial society. Take this claim:
       | 
       | > "People who grow up on farms are generally less likely to
       | develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders like Crohn's
       | disease - thanks, apparently, to their childhood exposure to a
       | more diverse range of organisms in the rural environment that had
       | encouraged more effective regulation of the immune system."
       | 
       | The vast majority of farming in the USA and Britain is
       | industrialized and relies heavily on regular application of
       | pesticides and herbicides in the fields. Animal farming is
       | centered on factory farms where animals are kept in close
       | quarters and given antibiotics and hormones to prevent disease
       | outbreaks and increase growth rates. The fecese and urine from
       | these operations stink for miles around.
       | 
       | Childhood exposure to such environments results in everything
       | from asthma to neurological damage - see Parkinsons relationship
       | to organophosphorous pesticides, say. Another concrete example:
       | methyl bromide in the strawberry fields of California:
       | 
       | https://www.ewg.org/research/heavy-methyl-bromide-use-near-c...
       | 
       | That's the industrial agriculture reality, so packing your kids
       | off to such farms to get their dose of 'good natural microbes' is
       | inadvisable. It's just half the equation, however, as other kinds
       | of industrial activity have loaded up soils with all kinds of
       | chemical contaminants, from heavy metals (sometimes radioactive)
       | to persistent organics with negative health effects. For example,
       | anyone living downwind of an oil refinery or coal power plant, or
       | around a uranium mine etc., should thing twice about galavanting
       | through the local mudholes. Richmond, in California downwind from
       | Chevron and other refineries, is a case example:
       | 
       | https://www.ehn.org/pollution-poverty-richmond-2645503359.ht...
       | 
       | Even without the modern industrial-related issues, historically
       | animal farming has been linked to all kinds of parasite issues,
       | such as the hookworm pandemic that afflicted the American South
       | for many decades (linked to pig farms). The 'get in touch with
       | nature on a nice organic farm' theme should be tempered by such
       | realities, i.e.:
       | 
       | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/how-a-worm-gave-the-so...
       | 
       | However, direct interactions with relatively pristine natural
       | environments are likely great for kids (and adults), and the
       | notion that ultra-sterile equals ultra-healthy doesn't make any
       | sense either.
        
         | dominotw wrote:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11597666/
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | Asthma is a bit more complicated than that, and the
           | urban/rural breakdown seems highly site-specific.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23625129/
           | 
           | > "Although evidence shows that differences in the prevalence
           | of asthma do exist between urban and rural dwellers in many
           | parts of the world, including in developed countries, data
           | are inadequate to evaluate the extent to which different
           | pollutant exposures contribute to asthma morbidity and
           | severity of asthma between urban and rural areas."
        
         | frankthedog wrote:
         | You're right that the vast majority of our food supply comes
         | from industrial ag. There are also many many people with small
         | family farms, maybe a few chickens, a sheep or goat and
         | vegetable gardens. This is the beneficial environment. Both
         | small scale and large scale exist.
        
         | telesilla wrote:
         | >The vast majority of farming in the USA and Britain is
         | industrialised
         | 
         | Where I grew up farming was not industrial to the extent it has
         | become, and I never met any single person with allergies until
         | I moved to the city, neither did we experience pandemics. I
         | known this is not just my experience. Isn't there some value,
         | to see how children grew up with access to grass and dirt, yet
         | also to sanitary conditions inside the home, hospitals and
         | schools? Perhaps it was due to the period of my childhood and
         | the smaller nature of farming, plus it was a fairly wealthy
         | part of the world considering.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | I grew up on a pretty old, small farm that mostly had some
         | animals and garden plots. I have asthma and severe allergies.
         | I'm especially allergic to horses and dogs, which we had in
         | abundance.
         | 
         | I also spent about 20 weekends a year camping from about age 10
         | to 18. I can't say it did anything for my immune system.
        
           | Eumenes wrote:
           | Sounds like genetics?
        
             | photochemsyn wrote:
             | Probably not enough information. For example, exposure to
             | diesel emissions is closely correlated with childhood
             | asthma, and this may or may not be an issue on different
             | farms (tractors not being very clean-running typically).
             | Some farmland is in very dusty regions as well. Hence,
             | growing up on a farm might or might not be as bad as
             | growing up right next to a major freeway or oil refinery:
             | 
             | > "In a study funded in part by EPA, researchers from Johns
             | Hopkins University found that children exposed to outdoor
             | coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5), were more likely to
             | develop asthma and need emergency room or hospital
             | treatment for it. Coarse PM can come from roadway particles
             | such as brake and tire wear, and mixtures of road dust and
             | metals."
             | 
             | https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/links-between-air-
             | polluti...
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | No diesel and humid southern Virginia. Just
               | bad(Epigenetic) luck I think.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Could be? Neither of my parents had issues.
        
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