[HN Gopher] Even after $100B, self-driving cars are going nowhere
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       Even after $100B, self-driving cars are going nowhere
        
       Author : simonebrunozzi
       Score  : 194 points
       Date   : 2022-10-15 08:12 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | cs702 wrote:
       | In the short run, technological progress is _much slower_ than
       | anyone hopes, but in the long run it is _much faster_ than anyone
       | expects.
       | 
       | My favorite example is that in 1987, the scientific consensus was
       | that it would take "at least 100 years" and likely much longer to
       | sequence the entire human gnome.[a] But the vast majority of it
       | was sequenced by 2000, only 13 years later. Moreover, just two
       | decades later, anyone could get their genome checked for known
       | markers for pocket change by companies like 23andMe, founded in
       | 2006.
       | 
       | Having some expertise and interest in AI, I regularly watch
       | presentations by all companies working on self-driving and also
       | look at the videos posted by beta testers online. While it's fun
       | to watch the failures, I'm more interested in judging whether the
       | technology is continuing to improve.
       | 
       | My perceptions contradict this article: (1) The technology is
       | progressing _faster_ than is generally recognized, with vehicles
       | getting progressively better at dealing with edge cases and
       | handling failures gracefully. (2) Judging by the videos I 've
       | watched online, Tesla is significantly ahead of everyone else.
       | 
       | Prediction: Before the end of the decade, this article will
       | seem... short-sighted.
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | [a] https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/sequencing-
       | human-g...
       | 
       | --
       | 
       | EDIT: I edited my statement about 23andMe based on sausagefeet's
       | comment below.
        
         | warbler73 wrote:
         | To be clear 23andMe does not do sequencing. They check for
         | certain markers.
         | 
         | However full sequencing IS available and runs around $1000.
         | 
         | If I recall right the first human genome sequenced cost about
         | $1 trillion. But we now have much better algorithms, mostly due
         | to algorithms from works such as Knuth's AOCP.
        
           | killingtime74 wrote:
           | Really interested how this one trillion figure came out, is
           | it the sum of all medical research for decades? Are you
           | talking US dollars
        
             | warbler73 wrote:
             | Was going from memory. Official number was $2.7 billion in
             | 1991 dollars. So now it's $1000, or someone said $299, 9
             | million times less.
        
         | Gys wrote:
         | A person overestimates what he/she can do in a day and
         | underestimates what he/she can do in a year. I read that
         | somewhere and I often think of that. Seems also applicable to a
         | bigger scale.
        
         | black_13 wrote:
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | _My perceptions contradict this article: (1) The technology is
         | progressing faster than is generally recognized, with vehicles
         | getting progressively better at dealing with edge cases and
         | handling failures gracefully. (2) Judging by the videos I 've
         | watched online, Tesla is significantly ahead of everyone else._
         | 
         | We must be watching different videos. And experiencing Teslas
         | differently. I see Teslas constantly slamming on their breaks
         | on freeways, swerving across lanes, and avoiding collisions by
         | the narrowest margins only because their owners took control
         | before certain death. And that's just driving around in L.A.
         | traffic, the YouTube videos are even worse. Tesla's vaunted
         | camera-based system still can't recognize white semis or other
         | broad, flat obstacles that a human or radar-based system would
         | recognize instantly.
         | 
         | Tesla _was_ ahead of their competitors, several years ago. Now
         | they 're way behind, and dropping further behind with every
         | "update" that addresses the problems that got media coverage
         | with "solutions" that indicate brittle, manual programmer
         | overrides rather than any sort of scalable AI-driven
         | capability.
         | 
         | And it's irrelevant that Tesla has 160,000 drivers on the road
         | "training" the system, since they selected the drivers who
         | drive in the safest road conditions using a "safe driver"
         | metric that has no relationship to safe driving. This means
         | that Tesla's "AI" (to the extent it can be called that) is
         | being overwhelmed with tons of useless data that overtrains it
         | to drive easy roads and with almost no training for difficult
         | conditions or edge cases. For point of comparison, most
         | vehicles today with advanced cruise control can drive the same
         | roads that FSD can safely drive...but they don't need advanced
         | AI to do it.
         | 
         | It doesn't matter how far ahead you were at the beginning of
         | the race, it matters how far ahead you are at the finish line.
        
           | iknowstuff wrote:
           | Oh my dog.
           | 
           | Part of this is the fault of Tesla's marketing, but you are
           | wildly off mark. The cars you are seeing are Autopilot, not
           | FSD. Most of them are even the even older, radar-based
           | autopilot.
           | 
           | Tesla Vision has no issues detecting white semis crossing
           | your path. Vehicles with radar, on the other hand, struggle
           | with discerning those from overhead bridges, so if one
           | appears close to a bridge, you're SOL due to whitelisting.
           | 
           | Tesla Vision in FSD is a much, much more developed version
           | which has been excellent about detecting its environment,
           | especially now with the new occupancy network. Its decision
           | making needs work but you will notice, when watching all
           | those videos, that detection of vehicles - even occluded ones
           | - is not a problem at all.
           | 
           | Your comment about useless data is also wrong. They are
           | experts in their field and they know exactly what type of
           | data they need. Both Tesla and Karpathy himself have shown on
           | multiple presentations that they focus on training
           | unique/difficult situations because more data from perfect
           | conditions is not useful to them anymore. They have shown
           | exactly how they do it, and even showed the great
           | infrastructure they've built for autolabeling.
           | 
           | Your claim about cruise control from competitors being equal
           | to FSD is laughable. They don't even match Autopilot: https:/
           | /www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK3NcHSH49Q&list=PLVa4b_Vn4g...
        
         | bastawhiz wrote:
         | I'm genuinely curious why you think Tesla is ahead compared to
         | Waymo and Cruise. Autopilot struggles in my car on some fairly
         | boring roads, while Waymo and Cruise are both operating real
         | taxi services in vehicles without drivers. I can understand the
         | argument that Tesla has lots of data from real world driving.
         | But Google also has fleets of cars mapping out every road in
         | the world.
        
           | Initial_BP wrote:
           | Not sure about the current state of the actual ML, but
           | compared to other self driving companies Tesla has a treasure
           | trove of data because they have so many vehicles on the road
           | at all hours of every day. The edge cases are the parts that
           | are hard to identify and solve so having all that drive time
           | data to identify edge cases would seem to give them a big
           | advantage.
        
             | teyc wrote:
             | Most self-driving is about avoiding collissions, and
             | signalling intent, especially when streets are narrow and
             | there's merging or shared use. The physics of cars, people,
             | bikes and kids around roads are well understood
             | (acceleration, velocity). This can be simulated, and a game
             | engine can generate data for virtual sensors to be trained.
             | There's no reason to require time on the road.
        
             | jboy55 wrote:
             | If the data doesn't have the details required to build
             | accurate models, then the data is just costing Tesla money.
             | Since Tesla's are just cameras only, with telemetry, they
             | can replay scenarios with existing roads, but what happens
             | when someone cones off half of the road?
        
               | Initial_BP wrote:
               | I imagine they have a way to replay incidents from their
               | cars in a simulation and even if it's not super accurate,
               | they could likely look at camera data and rebuild a
               | similar situation (Sim or real life to identify and test
               | the edge case)
               | 
               | I work at another autonomous car company (as a security
               | engineer not ML related work) and I know we have a Lot of
               | simulated situations that we run the ML against and add
               | more from situations collected from actual driving.
        
           | Salgat wrote:
           | Aren't Waymo and Cruise constrained to specially tailored
           | cities? Autonomous driving that can be activated literally
           | anywhere in the country is far more impressive, even if it
           | has cases where it doesn't perform as well.
        
             | birdyrooster wrote:
             | The more far flung reaches are are served well by
             | traditional vehicles and the people are trained to use
             | driving machines since most of the workers are
             | agricultural. The city centers and suburbs are a big enough
             | win.
        
           | cs702 wrote:
           | Please keep in mind that I'm talking about FSD Beta, not the
           | current production software, which is dozens of versions
           | behind.
           | 
           | Are you on Beta 10.69.2.3?
           | 
           | If I had to articulate my reasons:
           | 
           | * Judging by the videos available online, my perception is
           | that _many_ situations that were impossible for Tesla FSD
           | Beta a year ago have become uneventful in recent weeks. Take
           | a look at Chuck Cook 's videos for example (I like the fact
           | that he always highlights the failures).
           | 
           | * Judging again by the videos available online, my perception
           | is that Tesla FSD Beta has encountered and had to deal with
           | more crazy edge cases than any other system. A possible
           | explanation for this is that for a long time Tesla FSD Beta
           | hasn't been geofenced or restricted only to certain types of
           | roads, like highways. You can test it anywhere in North
           | America.
           | 
           | * Tesla FSD Beta currently has 160,000 individuals testing it
           | without road restrictions. As far as I know, no other system
           | has been exposed to similar open-ended large-scale testing.
           | 
           | * Occupancy networks look like a real breakthrough to me --
           | DNNs that predict whether each voxel in a 3D model is
           | occupied by an object, using only video data as an input. I
           | understood the high-level explanation of these DNNs on AI Day
           | 2. I haven't seen anything like it from anyone else.
           | 
           | * Tesla's DOJO also looks like a breakthrough to me. I
           | understood the high-level explanation of it on AI Day 2.
           | IIRC, DOJO cabinets are 6x faster at training existing neural
           | networks than Nvidia rigs, at 6x lower cost, so call it ~36x
           | more efficient.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | I really feel that you have been duped here. There is no
             | reason to believe that Tesla Dojo even exists. At Hot Chips
             | last year they showed some 3D renders of their supposed
             | board. At Hot Chips this year they showed the same renders.
             | At "AI Day" last month they showed a retarded humanoid
             | robot. We have no basis to conclude that Dojo does, can, or
             | will exist.
        
               | mrb wrote:
               | Dojo does exist. There are real-world pictures of it: htt
               | ps://media.datacenterdynamics.com/media/images/training_t
               | ... source:
               | https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tesla-details-
               | doj...
               | 
               | However, to my knowledge, Tesla is still in the "bring
               | up" step. I think that was a mistake to pack 25 dies on a
               | single system-on-wafer. Very hard to cool.
        
             | dontreact wrote:
             | I'd sum up your points 1,2,3 as "more data". This would be
             | a reason to think they can one day be ahead if they can
             | take advantage of this, but not evidence that they are
             | currently ahead.
             | 
             | Occupancy networks: waymo has published research on this
             | before Tesla announced this at AI day (not clear to me who
             | got there first though
             | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.03875v1.pdf)
             | 
             | Tesla's Dojo -> Waymo has TPUs to train on
             | 
             | To me all of this is outweighed by the fact that Waymo has
             | a driverless deployment and Tesla does not. I am pretty
             | biased because as a Tesla owner I am pretty pissed off at
             | this point at how the false positives on the system in
             | detecting close following are stopping my safety score from
             | getting high enough to even be able to access the product I
             | purchased.
             | 
             | But it is pretty hard to say one way or another.
        
               | cs702 wrote:
               | _> I 'd sum up your points 1,2,3 as "more data". This
               | would be a reason to think they can one day be ahead if
               | they can take advantage of this, but not evidence that
               | they are currently ahead._
               | 
               | I'd sum up those three points as "more data _and_ more
               | real-world, open-ended, large-scale testing by regular
               | people. " Big difference.
               | 
               |  _> Occupancy networks: waymo has published research on
               | this before Tesla announced this at AI day (not clear to
               | me who got there first though
               | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.03875v1.pdf)_
               | 
               | AFAIK, Tesla FSD Beta is the only system that has been
               | using these DNNs for open-ended testing.
               | 
               |  _> Tesla 's Dojo -> Waymo has TPUs to train on_
               | 
               | I've trained AI models on TPUs. They're nowhere near
               | close to 36x more efficient than Nvidia GPUs.
               | 
               |  _> I am pretty biased because as a Tesla owner I am
               | pretty pissed off at this point at how the false
               | positives on the system in detecting close following are
               | stopping my safety score from getting high enough to even
               | be able to access the product I purchased._
               | 
               | Oh, I get your frustration... but I also understand why
               | Tesla is being so strict with safety scores at this
               | point. It wouldn't be fair to blame them for that.
        
             | cypress66 wrote:
             | As someone who also likes to watch Chuck Cook, I don't
             | think Tesla is close to waymo.
             | 
             | Tesla fsd in its current state will either crash or do some
             | serious fuck up if you let it unattended for a few hours or
             | maybe less (based on the disengagements in those videos).
             | Forget about driverless Tesla with the current fsd. Waymo
             | has been operating driverless since 2019.
             | 
             | I do agree that it is progressing very nicely. Imo tesla
             | fsd needs 2 more years and a hardware update and it will be
             | there.
        
               | cs702 wrote:
               | I've yet to see how Waymo and other self-driving systems
               | perform in open-ended testing, outside tightly
               | restricted, geofenced environments.
               | 
               | Otherwise, I agree that Tesla FSD Beta has been
               | progressing nicely. I don't know if it will take 1, 2, or
               | 5 years to get FSD Beta to an acceptable rate of graceful
               | failures, but I agree it looks likely to get there before
               | the end of the decade!
        
               | Veserv wrote:
               | I've yet to see Tesla FSD Beta perform in any meaningful
               | operational environment, no matter how restricted, within
               | a factor of 100x of Waymo or Cruise, and Waymo and Cruise
               | are still at least a factor of 10x off of "equal to human
               | drivers". Superiority can not be claimed if a system is
               | unacceptably bad in all circumstances (i.e. 1,000x worse
               | than the minimum acceptable standard for real commercial
               | usage) and worse in every case than a comparable
               | alternative. It only makes sense if the system is better
               | at _something_ other than being allowed to create
               | unacceptably bad results in a more diverse range of
               | circumstances.
        
               | Initial_BP wrote:
               | I totally agree with you that Tesla FSD seems more likely
               | yo have a serious crash, but if actual fully autonomous
               | cars are the end goal, then the behavior of learning/beta
               | models doesn't really matter except to the extent that it
               | let's them get to the end goal (for the sake of this
               | argument).
               | 
               | All fully autonomous cars are in a different legal
               | situation then Tesla. Tesla sells Joe Shmoe a car and
               | then tells him he can rub FSD but he's responsible and
               | has to remain attentive then they get info about every
               | disengagement and (mostly) avoid legal responsibility or
               | accidents in many cases.
               | 
               | Waymo is fully responsible for every accident, etc so
               | they HAVE to proceed more cautiously or they'll lose the
               | ability to run their cars. As someone else pointed out
               | they often are only operated in very specific areas, and
               | often even specific streets within a geofence. So while
               | on the surface Waymo may have full self driving operating
               | more effectively with less problems, they're doing so in
               | a much more controlled environment and not getting the
               | variety of data that Tesla has from cars disengaging
               | Literally anywhere in the US.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Compared to general self-driving, it's relatively simple to
           | make self-driving taxis work in just a couple of cities
           | (preferably ones with minimum adversarial weather, too) - you
           | just test the code against that particular dataset until it
           | performes reasonably well, manually fixing the edge cases
           | along the way if need be. It's still a monumental, multi-
           | billion dollar project, but I would be surprised if it wasn't
           | achievable.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | > In the short run, technological progress is much slower than
         | anyone hopes, but in the long run it is much faster than anyone
         | expects.
         | 
         | But it doesn't happen in predictable ways. A particular area of
         | technology hits a wall and plateaus all the time, for myriad
         | reasons. In 1950, you might have thought that by 2022 we would
         | have done a lot more with nuclear technology or supersonic
         | airplanes than we have.
        
         | sausagefeet wrote:
         | > Moreover, just two decades later, anyone could get their
         | genome sequenced for pocket change by companies like 23andMe,
         | founded in 2006.
         | 
         | Sequencing your genome is still relatively expensive, Probably
         | around $15k. 23andme does not sequence your genome. They look
         | at specific regions looking for specific markers. This doesn't
         | invalidate your point of how great progress has been, though.
        
           | cs702 wrote:
           | You're right. I updated my comment. Thank you!
        
             | GioM wrote:
             | Whole genome sequencing is commercially available for $299.
             | 
             | https://nebula.org/whole-genome-sequencing-dna-test/
        
               | cs702 wrote:
               | Not quite pocket change, but getting close!
        
         | guelo wrote:
         | > Prediction: Before the end of the decade, this article will
         | seem... short-sighted.
         | 
         | Can we say that all the self-driving optimists that were
         | completely wrong about the last decade were shortsighted?
         | 
         | Also, no idea what progress in biotech has anything to do with
         | self driving. Your argument is that because some tech advanced
         | all other possible tech will advance, seems like a logical
         | fallacy.
        
         | TomSwirly wrote:
         | > but in the long run it is much faster than anyone expects
         | 
         | I saw the first Moon landing.
         | 
         | At the time, everyone, the experts, the public, everyone,
         | expected us to colonize the Solar System within a few decades.
         | We expected that fusion power would be too cheap to meter and
         | that burning fossil fuels would be a thing of the past. We
         | expected human life expectancy would soon rise to over a
         | century in developed countries.
         | 
         | Serious, respected scientists said all these things, and
         | everyone took them for granted.
         | 
         | None of these things did in fact come to pass.
         | 
         | Humans have not ventured in person even as far as the Moon in
         | fifty years.
         | 
         | Our first atomic "pile" was 80 years ago in a few months, and
         | we still don't have a fusion reactor. The tokamak was the big
         | fusion design 50 years ago, and it still is, and we are better
         | at them, but we still are nowhere near actually producing real
         | power.
         | 
         | Life expectancy increases stalled quite fast, and then life
         | expectancies started to regress. Americans have lost about two
         | years of their life, basically because of their group mistrust
         | of medical science.
         | 
         | It is simply diminishing returns on the amazing discovery that
         | is the scientific method - it is unavoidable.
        
           | 411111111111111 wrote:
           | > _Americans have lost about two years of their life,
           | basically because of their group mistrust of medical
           | science._
           | 
           | I don't think that's the actual reason for the decline, it's
           | more likely another effect of the real cause. While I'm not
           | American, it's the same story all over the world: our diet
           | keeps getting worse, there is plastic everywhere which breaks
           | down into micro plastics which end up in the water we drink
           | etc. We're preparing our food with carcinogenic utensils
           | (everything "non stick") and all of our western societies
           | went from a healthy worker/academic career choice into mostly
           | just getting exploited by the established players.
           | 
           | There have been a lot of societal changes since the post WW2
           | times, and summing that up into "losing trust in medical
           | science" is a very confusing take, especially if you consider
           | all the medical professionals that spread outright lies to
           | profit. (The person that started the antivax movement was a
           | doctor as a notorious example)
           | 
           | And drug companies that sold bad medicines (knowingly!) As
           | they judged the cost of liability to be lower then the cost
           | of not selling the drug.
           | 
           | Just to be clear, I'm not saying that any of these things are
           | causing this decline either. Our societies have just changed
           | _too much_ since to make any confident claims about their
           | impact.
        
         | 123_abc wrote:
         | I think the quote you are referring to in the article [a]
         | states "At the time, that [the 500 genes already sequenced] was
         | thought to be about 1% of the total, and given the pace of
         | discovery, it was believed that complete sequencing of the
         | human genome would take at least 100 years"
         | 
         | The 'given pace of discovery' I would read as an extrapolation
         | using (then) available technologies, not as a scientific
         | consensus about what would be possible using new technologies
         | in the near future.
        
         | nichochar wrote:
         | [Disclaimer] I worked for Cruise for 4 years.
         | 
         | I agree with everything you said, but chuckled at this
         | particular part (which is very wrong): > Tesla is significantly
         | ahead of everyone else.
         | 
         | Everyone in the industry knows that Tesla is nowhere near the
         | tip of the technology. What Tesla does is _fantastic
         | marketing_. Their whole self-driving division is just a
         | mechanism to sell more cars.
         | 
         | At a high level, this is why:
         | 
         | - The hard thing about self driving isn't the first 95%, it's
         | the impossibly long tail of the last 5% with unique, chaotic
         | and rare scenarios (think, a reflective citern tank with a
         | reflection of the back of a truck transporting stop signs, or
         | terrible weather illusions with fog).
         | 
         | - Doing well on the last 5% is where most of the energy from
         | Waymo/Cruise goes (the two leaders by quite a margin).
         | 
         | - Tesla is camera only. Weather alone means you can't reach
         | critical safety because of this. Cameras don't do fog well,
         | precipitation well, or sunsets/bad lighting well (see many
         | Tesla crashes on freeways bc of this)
         | 
         | - Tesla does well on the 95% and Elon is a marketing genius,
         | with those 2 things it's easy to convince outsiders that "Tesla
         | is significantly ahead of everyone else".
         | 
         | My prediction: before the end of the decade, cruise and waymo
         | have commoditized fleets doing things that most people today
         | would find unbelievable. Tesla is still talking a big game but
         | ultimately won't have permits for you to be in a Tesla with
         | your hands off of the wheel.
         | 
         | edit: formatting and typo
        
           | mota7 wrote:
           | Excellent example: "reflective cistern tank with a reflection
           | of the back of a truck transporting stop signs"
           | 
           | People tend to forget just how hard the edge cases in vision
           | are!
        
             | katbyte wrote:
             | It's weird to me people forget how bad vision can be for
             | driving and Exocet Tesla to somehow be better then our own
             | eyes.
             | 
             | How often a do you encounter situations like bad fog/sun
             | set/rain at night where it's a total struggle to drive and
             | you slow right down to a crawl and even then only do
             | alright because of a ton of inference?
             | 
             | i think Tesla deciding to go vision only will be regarded
             | of one of the greatest blunders is self driving history.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | The counterargument to this is that since humans reach
               | acceptable safety levels with vision only, it must be
               | possible to do self driving with vision only. That said,
               | augmenting vision with other methods does seem like a no
               | brainer for better performance.
        
         | PinguTS wrote:
         | I remember the gnome thing. But that is nothing I have any
         | knowledge about. So this area was for me like unknowledged
         | people learn about things.
         | 
         | Automation is actually my area. Self-droving cars are in
         | development for more than 50 years. In the 1970s it was more
         | analogous technology that needed a lot of space. Fact is today
         | technology is not that much better than that. Except, at the
         | days it was highly supervised by professionals.
         | 
         | Many hardware devices we have in our cars today profited from
         | those developments. Because radar and things are now cheaply
         | avalaible. But self-driving is still not a thing. All the
         | improvements in AI even didn't realy helped.
         | 
         | What many people seems to forget AI is about to detect
         | (learned) patterns and to make decisions based on those
         | patterns. But AI is completely unpreditcable on patterns it
         | can't recognise. AI will classify those into a know pattern.
         | But this is random and as such the judgedment is random. That
         | is the big difference to a human, which can still cope with an
         | unknown situation.
         | 
         | That is the reason why many people from the industry say: real
         | self-driving cars will take very much longer than the average
         | publics thinks and was told by Elon, Uber and others.
        
       | lionkor wrote:
       | > In fact, no one has come close to making an AV
       | 
       | Correct me if im wrong, but Honda has done this?
       | 
       | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a35729591/honda-legend-lev...
       | 
       | https://global.honda/newsroom/news/2021/4210304eng-legend.ht...
       | 
       | Toyota:
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-02/toyota...
       | 
       | And Cruise:
       | 
       | https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1132494_cruise-opens-up-...
       | 
       | I don't really see how this all qualifies as "not close to AV",
       | when really, it looks quite viable (with some already driving
       | autonomously...?)
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | This is literally what the entire article is about.
        
         | Reventlov wrote:
         | AV is basically level 4 or 5 in the SAE classification (
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car ). And those
         | vehicles are either not existing yet (i.e. just marketing
         | ploys), or far from it (requiring remote drivers, for example),
         | or just research prototypes that have not been really tried at
         | scale.
        
           | MontyCarloHall wrote:
           | >or just research prototypes that have not been really tried
           | at scale.
           | 
           | Furthermore, all of those research prototypes are geofenced,
           | since they rely on extremely detailed mapping and lots of
           | training data from humans driving the same routes. There is
           | not a single AV in the world close to capable of driving on
           | any road, at any time, in any condition, that a skilled human
           | could drive on without ever having seen it before.
           | 
           | In my mind, that means we are indeed nowhere close to a true
           | AV.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | I'm not sure I agree with this success metric: for one
             | thing, there's plenty of roads any given human can't or
             | won't drive on due to perceived difficulty.
             | 
             | But when I think "autonomous vehicle" I definitely don't
             | think "arbitrarily capable of driving on roads" - I think
             | something capable of navigating well-understood national
             | roads. I don't see any inconsistency with the idea that
             | there'd be "no automation" zones or roads, or that pre-
             | approved travelways for AVs is a failure scenario.
        
               | MontyCarloHall wrote:
               | What is the value add of AVs if they are only restricted
               | to well-understood, national roads? Wouldn't their
               | purpose be better served by high speed trains along those
               | roads instead?
               | 
               | My (and Doctorow's) definition of AV is so stringent
               | because AVs need to deliver the same value add of regular
               | cars relative to other forms of transportation: i)
               | relatively fast, ii) unscheduled, and most importantly,
               | iii) point-to-point transportation between any two points
               | connected by roads. Trains are bad at iii), decent at ii)
               | if run often enough, and far superior at i). If iii) is
               | off the table, then the relative value add of cars is
               | greatly diminished.
        
           | threeseed wrote:
           | Cruise has robo-taxis operating in San Francisco [1].
           | 
           | Obviously we don't know to what extent they have remote
           | drivers but you wouldn't be able to run such a service if
           | every ride required them.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP1rvCYiruh4SDHyPqcxlJw
        
             | nickspacek wrote:
             | When I was recently in SF, one early morning I came across
             | a Cruise vehicle on a one way street at a 30 degree angle
             | blocking traffic (of which there was very little at the
             | time). Another was pulling up behind it (maintenance
             | vehicle?). Not sure what the story was with it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gala8y wrote:
         | > I don't really see how this all qualifies as "not close to
         | AV", when really, it looks quite viable (with some already
         | driving autonomously...?)
         | 
         | Also Tesla. You can see real advancements in these videos of
         | Tesla FSD Beta [0].
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/c/AIDRIVR/videos
        
           | ahahahahah wrote:
           | Tesla has nothing close to an AV. They're at about Waymo 2014
           | level at best.
        
       | SergeAx wrote:
       | I have a feeling that we have something like Pareto principle in
       | effect here. We spent 20% of effort to solve 80% of the problem.
       | Now we have to spend 80% of effort to solve remaining 20% of the
       | problem :(
       | 
       | I am starting to believe in hybrid system at least for self-
       | driving taxis. Autopilot works 80% of time, but in the case of
       | uncertainty it calls a remote human driver to solve a particular
       | problem. With 4G/5G coverage it is already technically feasible
       | to drive a car remotely on a slow speed. Will have to master
       | emergency slow down and stop on autopilot and of course detection
       | of malicious or inadequate action from remote pilot.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | origin_path wrote:
       | The main lesson here seems to be about the value of
       | incrementalism. This project was always pitched as self driving
       | cars in one leap, which set huge expectations and more or less
       | ruled out just shipping incrementally better driver assistance
       | year after year. Probably because the space became dominated by
       | Google and Page-ist futurism, so they weren't able to sell
       | anything that would be expected to come with an actual car
       | because "automotive supply chain" didn't fit with Google's self
       | image. And then everyone got scared that they'd succeed and tried
       | to copy their approach.
       | 
       | The mining site thing is probably where things should have begun,
       | or highway driving only, but the question is, could a company
       | have motivated ML and programming experts with such a humble
       | starting point? Or was the hole-in-one approach required to build
       | a team that could get anywhere at all?
        
         | lll-o-lll wrote:
         | It's because self driving doesn't provide much value until you
         | can remove the human. If you can remove the human, last mile
         | package delivery is suddenly super cheap; taxis are cheap;
         | trucking is much cheaper; share car services are transformed as
         | a business model.
         | 
         | With the human still required you get nothing, so why invest at
         | all?
        
           | onethought wrote:
           | You get safer drivers, less crashes and less death.
        
           | origin_path wrote:
           | I think a lot of people would be happy to put their feet up
           | once they'd navigated onto a highway, or have their car go
           | find a parking spot by itself, or come back from one. The
           | sort of stuff Tesla is trying to do is in many ways far more
           | practical except they keep diverting resources to FSD and end
           | up not nailing thee more prosaic conveniences.
        
             | lll-o-lll wrote:
             | The cost benefit analysis just doesn't add up though. I can
             | see this adding a small amount to the purchasing decision
             | of a prospective buyer, but without "remove the human" as
             | the end goal these technologies do not provide the return
             | on investment. No one has a crystal ball though, and a few
             | years ago "autonomous vehicles" looked promising. It's just
             | that we are now looking at the sunken cost fallacy when it
             | hasn't worked out.
        
       | leksak wrote:
       | Did not expect Doctorow to be posting on Medium. I wonder what my
       | biases are.
        
         | Reventlov wrote:
         | He is posting it everywhere: twitter, medium, [...], but, as
         | usual, he posts it on his blog too !
         | https://pluralistic.net/2022/10/09/herbies-revenge/
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | This is the better and canonical link then, in my opinion.
           | Medium is not pleasant to use as a reader.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've changed the URL from
         | https://medium.com/@doctorow/100-billion-later-autonomous-ve...
         | to the original source.
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | What are you referring to? Was the link changed and if so, why?
        
           | leksak wrote:
           | It was, why it was I do not know
        
       | EugeneOZ wrote:
       | It's quite sad. Even not-so-bright representatives of our
       | civilization can drive a car successfully, and we still can not
       | achieve this level in software. It means that we are extremely
       | far from implementing something more interesting and
       | sophisticated.
       | 
       | All of these "AI" are too much "neural networks" and don't have
       | enough "intelligence".
        
       | black_13 wrote:
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | Self-driving cars might not be going anywhere, but $100B made
       | several people rich.
        
       | feketegy wrote:
       | I've said it before, if you truly want to experience what a real
       | life raod looks like in most of the World, just go to Eastern
       | Europe and create the test models there.
        
         | saimiam wrote:
         | And then there is India. Please come here if you want zero
         | infra AND zero adherence to basic rules of driving AND the
         | language and script changes every few hundred kilometers AND
         | all roads have human and non-human users at all hours of the
         | day.
        
           | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
           | It's odd that it's treated as a matter of pride that, while
           | other cities have AVs _today_ , your own city or nation will
           | take much longer simply because it's full of dangerous
           | drivers breaking the law and infrastructure full of literal
           | roadblocks. It's like claiming that cars are infeasible
           | globally because the roads around you are full of potholes
           | and manure. Congratulations?
           | 
           | Rather than assume this is a death knell for self-driving
           | cars, a more pragmatic view would be other nations will be
           | able to benefit from them while you are left behind. Self-
           | driving cars don't need global saturation to be worthwhile.
        
         | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
         | It doesn't matter what your 'real' roads look like, the money
         | is a hemisphere and a continent away.
        
         | techwiz137 wrote:
         | Absolutely agreed. No road markings, speed bumps also not
         | marked. Lack of road signs, potholes, what about non-clearly
         | defined sidewalks, because nature has taken most of the
         | sidewalks' blocks or even overgrown with grass.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | Discussed a week ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33106739
        
       | edwnj wrote:
       | Productivity & efficiency unlocks in trucking, ride hailing,
       | public transportation, vehicles, insurance, human capital,
       | medicine etc..
       | 
       | We are talking tens of trillions in value unlocked around the
       | world.
        
       | Kukumber wrote:
       | They should have hired game developers, they have a headstart
        
       | martythemaniak wrote:
       | It's really bizarre that people are treating autonomous EVs as
       | somehow pitted against transit.
       | 
       | The core of public transit is having a monopoly on local service
       | and using profitable routes to subsidize unprofitable ones for
       | the benefit of the public.
       | 
       | Transit agencies don't build their own vehicles, they buy them
       | and operate them. Having the option to buy autonomous EVs does
       | not change the core of public transit, but it does give them the
       | ability to save on operations, run more routes, more frequent
       | service, use a different mix of vehicles for their fleet, etc.
       | 
       | Replacing one 50 seat $500,000 bus with 5 $100,000 10 seat vans
       | that cost a fraction to operate will make public transit far
       | better than it is today.
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | I'm still waiting for my ray gun. Unless the aliens are made of
       | paper, and move really slow, and are in the same room as me, I've
       | got nothing. The space princess is going to do more damage
       | throwing her high heels at them.
        
       | case0x00 wrote:
       | This article is kind of a wrapper for the linked bloomberg
       | article, which is more interesting IMO.
       | 
       | Driving of cars is a massive cooperative game with high stakes,
       | and autonomous cars essentially need AGI in order to play to a
       | degree that is safer than a human with other humans. Fully
       | autonomous cars would be sick, but IMO you'd need massive
       | infrastructure changes (realistically restricted to
       | cities/urbanized areas) if you want autonomous cars to work with
       | anything less than AGI. Until companies start pursuing that, they
       | are actually unknowingly using all that money to push for AGI and
       | obviously coming up short because they don't even understand what
       | they are trying to do.
        
         | Fricken wrote:
         | This bullshit shows up in every HN thread on autonomous
         | vehicles. Really only on HN. It's wrong, uninformed, and won't
         | seem to go away.
         | 
         | The challenges self-driving cars have nothing to do with
         | infrastructure and everything to do with the other moving
         | objects on the road. It's not that the vehicles can't detect
         | the other things on the road. It's that they can't anticipate
         | reliably what they're going to do.
         | 
         | (However you may be correct that we need AGI or something close
         | to it to do autonomous vehicles robustly)
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | Teslas, despite the ludicrous promises of "full self-driving
           | in 6 months, just you wait", completely choke if there is so
           | much as a traffic cone or a road-work barrier for it go
           | around.
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | Tesla doesn't come anywhere close to having the sensor
             | suite or compute to be taken seriously as a developer of
             | level 4 autonomy.
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | What sensor suite is that?
        
               | oliveshell wrote:
               | Radar, ultrasonic proximity sensors, and/or LIDAR,
               | presumably.
               | 
               | Tesla has famously removed all radar/ultrasonic sensors
               | from their newer cars in favor of a purely camera-based
               | system.
        
               | sneak wrote:
               | How do humans drive without these sensors?
        
               | onethought wrote:
               | But they removed them well after they showed they could
               | accurately predict distance with vision.
               | 
               | LiDAR doesn't make sense as a sensor to me because it
               | only works in good weather. Its Like a car without
               | windscreen wipers.
        
           | fpoling wrote:
           | I recently drove a rented Tesla 3. On a highway in Norway it
           | failed to detect speed limit signs in like 25% of cases. And
           | if the speed limit sign was a temporary one due to road
           | repairs it failed with those like 50% of times.
           | 
           | And this is with stationary objects designed to be seen and
           | easily grasped by humans.
        
             | hasmanean wrote:
             | Signs are nice but the simplest way to know the speed is to
             | store it in a database and look it up from position.
             | 
             | In fact roads should have barcoded position markers
             | everywhere. That way you could navigate without gps and all
             | road signs could become virtual. Just download a road
             | marker update.
        
               | YawningAngel wrote:
               | That's not really how speed limits work though. People
               | take their cues from road design and conditions, not what
               | the speed limit actually is. Virtually changing speed
               | limits is dangerous because it causes you to _think_ you
               | are altering the behaviour of traffic without actually
               | doing so.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/bglWCuCMSWc?t=280 goes into detail on
               | this
        
               | aYsY4dDQ2NrcNzA wrote:
               | We could put GPS beacons on all pedestrians.
        
             | Veserv wrote:
             | Teslas do not read speed limit signs or basically any signs
             | other than stop signs, including not reading "Do Not Enter"
             | street signs. It is using the wrong speed limit because
             | their maps do not list the correct speed limit.
        
           | muststopmyths wrote:
           | Unless... the infrastructure change they propose is removing
           | the "other things on the road". Sounds brilliant. You could
           | call that system a "rail" road as the cars would be on rails
           | in a manner of speaking
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | Vancouver's Skytrain has been fully autonomous since, I
             | think, the 1980s.
        
           | Gordonjcp wrote:
           | This is where I see the problem being with autonomous
           | vehicles, too. They can only react to other vehicles, they
           | can't predict them.
           | 
           | Humans are _good_ at predicting.
           | 
           | You don't consciously know you've seen the guy a couple of
           | cars in front checking his mirror and his shoulder but you're
           | hanging back because you just _know_ he 's going to pull out
           | any second. The guy that's wavering a bit in the middle lane
           | is about to dash across to the far lane of the sliproad
           | that's coming up, clipping the zebra stripes a bit, because
           | he's concentrating on the sat nav not the road, but you just
           | _know_ - out of all the other drivers in your space at the
           | moment - that red Ford is the one that 's going to do
           | something boneheaded.
           | 
           | Autonomous Vehicles won't be able to do that, probably not
           | ever.
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | Object detection is an issue, but it doesn't only apply to
           | "moving" objects. The current state of the art is having
           | trouble differentiating between a "solid" stationary object
           | like a tire or chunk of metal that must be navigated around,
           | and something like an empty plastic bag that can be safely
           | ignored. Regarding infrastructure, AVs also seem to have a
           | lot of trouble with faded lane lines on roads.
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | If you're relying only on cameras, then yes, that's an
             | issue. Level 4 vehicles can locate themselves without the
             | need for lines on the road. Everything has been carefully
             | mapped out ahead of time.
        
               | n0tth3dro1ds wrote:
               | > Everything has been carefully mapped out ahead of time
               | 
               | This doesn't scale. This is also how Zoox, Tesla, and
               | Cruise do their demo videos to scam more money out of
               | investors: they collect ultra-HD maps in a very narrow
               | area or a very specific route. Then they drive the
               | route/area about a thousand times, recording each drive.
               | Then they upload the drive with the fewest mistakes to
               | YouTube. Just like me taking a thousand half-court shots
               | with a basketball, hitting one, and then claiming I can
               | do it every try. There, I just gave you the formula to
               | raise $100mm from FOMOing VCs.
               | 
               | There's also no such thing as a Level 4 Autonomous
               | vehicle. It doesn't exist.
        
               | Fricken wrote:
               | Many of the original Google self-driving car project
               | members came over directly from Google Street view, which
               | has since scaled all over the world. Autonomous vehicles
               | have big scaling issues, but it's not the maps holding
               | them back.
        
               | n0tth3dro1ds wrote:
               | Street view is not an ultra-HD map for autonomous
               | driving. Cruise isn't using street view, or anything so
               | primitive and easy to collect in comparison, to navigate
               | SF. And it doesn't scale in and of itself without being
               | backed by a search ads monopoly that prints money at
               | will.
        
               | criley2 wrote:
               | >Everything has been carefully mapped out ahead of time.
               | 
               | That sounds sustainable and scalable to earth-size, for
               | sure.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | Well, it's been mostly done once with Google maps and
               | street view. Presumably once it was done once and in use
               | cities would have a vested interest in keeping it updated
               | themselves. Judging by how many large potholes stick
               | around for years near me I wouldn't keep my hopes up
               | about it being well maintained though
        
               | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
               | Earth size? When was the last time you drove in
               | Madagascar? Most driven miles are the same commute in the
               | same city 10 times a week.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | This reminds me of something the Rocket League devs said.
           | Something to the effect that bots wouldn't be effective at
           | the game because it's too challenging.
           | 
           | This is -not- my line of work, so I have no idea if that's
           | true. But if it is, I don't see how we could have perfectly
           | safe self driving vehicles.
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Cars are bad. Electric cars are a bit better than ICE cars, and
         | self-driving cars might one day be better than human-driven
         | cars. But they're still terrible: they're still big,
         | inefficient, polluting, loud, dangerous, and take up precious
         | space. _Cars are completely unsuited to cities, and cities
         | which are designed around cars are terrible_.
         | 
         | This to say: _the future is having cars removed from cities
         | entirely_. Focusing on self-driving technology, or on electric
         | cars as if they 're going to "save the planet", is entirely the
         | wrong direction imo.
        
           | fooker wrote:
           | >the future is having cars removed from cities entirely.
           | 
           | Sounds somewhat authoritarian to impose your idea of the
           | 'future' to inconvenience a large number of people.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | Los Angeles has already been built, however.
        
           | almost_usual wrote:
           | This is the logical answer but companies need to profit off
           | something and EVs are what "save the world" right now.
           | 
           | Everyone is committed to being green as long as their
           | lifestyle isn't inconvenienced and they have the funds to buy
           | the green equivalent technology.
        
             | fpoling wrote:
             | EV promotes energy independence of a country. In the worst
             | case they can use electricity from coal that is widely
             | available on this planet. And as long as the coal plant is
             | modern they still will generate less CO2 than petrol-based
             | cars.
        
           | gremlinsinc wrote:
           | Personally, I think while probably too futuristic large
           | drones that are autonomous and deliver people would be safer.
           | Its arguably easier to avoid objects when you can dodge in
           | 360 degrees of direction.
           | 
           | It's also easier to avoid pedestrians as most can't fly.
           | 
           | It also could save on gas and energy as you can go directly
           | as a bird flies to your destination instead of taking 20
           | minutes it takes 3.
           | 
           | Of course this would be a huge infrastructure ordeal as well
           | probably and require a damn good system as you don't want
           | vehicles landing on houses all over the place, but it'd be
           | amazing for people with long commutes.
           | 
           | You could probably have airbuses that pick up like 30 people
           | say in a small town and fly them to the city to be delivered
           | individually by smaller vehicles locally. What took 45
           | minutes, now maybe takes 15.
           | 
           | These would be better if maybe electric with gas as an
           | emergency backup system, and then just have good batteries
           | and solar power fuel most trips.
        
           | Gordonjcp wrote:
           | No-one cares about cities.
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | Statements about X specialized task requiring AGI are
         | questionable now, just like they were questionable when they
         | were said about Chess, Go and Video Games.
        
           | thatguy0900 wrote:
           | Show me a chess engine that can deal with a chess peice that
           | has been mangled so you can only tell what it is with context
           | clues. Also a plastic bag occasionally obscures one of the
           | other pieces. There's also construction on one side of the
           | board every few turns that it has to route around using lanes
           | that arnt normally legal. It has to do this while a drunk
           | human is also moving the pieces, sometimes in ways that arnt
           | legal, and if it takes too long it can hit a wall and die
        
           | davedx wrote:
           | Beyond questionable. It's anti-intellectual defeatism.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future
           | results.
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | > autonomous cars essentially need AGI in order to play to a
         | degree that is safer than a human with other humans.
         | 
         | This is really an astonishingly large claim without any
         | evidence.
         | 
         | I question if you understand what AGI actually is? It's not "AI
         | that can solve game theory" or "AI that can play cooperative
         | games" - conventional video game AI's do this all the time in a
         | myriad of permutations.
         | 
         | For others agreeing autonomous driving needs "AGI", first read
         | what it is:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligenc...
         | 
         | Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the ability of an
         | intelligent agent to understand or learn *any intellectual task
         | that a human being can*.
         | 
         | It's a very difficult engineering problem but we don't need AGI
         | to solve it.
        
         | oplaadpunt wrote:
         | I always imagined the future of self driving cars wouldn't lie
         | in cities (except maybe some main ringroads or arterial roalds)
         | but in highways. Just tell the computer to go to highway X exit
         | Y, and from there the driver can drive the last few miles.
         | Basically geofencing known 'sane' locations, which cuts down on
         | the boring bits of driving significantly.
        
           | _dain_ wrote:
           | And then in those safe geofenced locations we could put down
           | metal guide rails so that navigation is easier. And then use
           | metal wheels with flanges to reduce rolling resistance. And
           | then hook many cars together into one long vehicle. And ...
        
             | thrwyoilarticle wrote:
             | I'd be impressed a train service that had 8 parallel lines
             | plus dedicated lines at each station so that it was
             | economical for 1-5 people to alight directly at their
             | destination.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | Highways have that many lanes only near large cities,
               | where rail lines are also fairly parallel if you look at
               | maps.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | That could be more than just a joke though: special lanes
             | for computerized slipstream driving could make cars and
             | trucks approach railroad efficiency. A "driver agent" posts
             | its itinerary to the routing network, finds peers going the
             | same direction at roughly the same time,
             | accelerates/decelerates to find them and hook
             | (contactlessly) into the moving paceline, at a position
             | that fits the vehicle's frontal area (you wouldn't want
             | small cars breaking the slipstream between trucks). The
             | routing network bills some of the slipstream savings on
             | behalf of the vehicle(s) in less favorable positions at the
             | front.
             | 
             | Like the visionary dream of individually routed rail cars,
             | but built bottom-up, with cars/trucks that are perfectly
             | useful in standalone driving on regular roads. And it could
             | scale even closer to rail: perhaps some long-haul
             | connections get metal rails integrated in the floor like
             | tram rails, that some long-haul trucks with a special bogey
             | option could slot in, in the fly? That would be an
             | impressive stunt if performed by humans, but easy for
             | computers. Perhaps some connections add overhead wires?
             | Perhaps some trucks, with the overhead wire pantograph
             | option, add a robotic power handover arm because that's
             | cheaper than wear and tear on two pantographs? Could all
             | start bottom up, with few installations.
        
             | kenjackson wrote:
             | That would be great. But the minute I have to get out of my
             | car to get in another vehicle to then get in another car at
             | my "destination" then you've lost me.
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | Car rental services, taxis, buses, bikes, just having the
               | station nearby. There are a billion options beyond "bring
               | your own car"
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | That's just trying to solve a simpler problem. It wasn't what
           | we were promised!
        
             | oplaadpunt wrote:
             | I know, I think the promises are unrealistic :) This has
             | always been my own imagined future
        
               | jamiek88 wrote:
               | I'd be very happy with that.
               | 
               | Especially in an RV. Enter the interstate, sleep for 8
               | hours, wake up 600 miles down the road.
               | 
               | That's the dream!
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | nier wrote:
         | Where is this kind-of-a-wrapper-article you write about? What
         | am I missing?
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-10-06/even-afte...
        
         | dang wrote:
         | We've changed the URL from
         | https://medium.com/@doctorow/100-billion-later-autonomous-ve...
         | to the original source.
        
         | noobermin wrote:
         | Why should we change city infrastructure to work with less than
         | AGI driven cars? It sounds instead like yes, AV companies are
         | over selling what they can do and they should be restricted to
         | things like highways and the like where the easier, less
         | complex driving environment already exists.
         | 
         | Cities are by far the most complex relative to every other
         | driving environment, in fact there is a good argument that, in
         | cities, cars should be much more restricted because of health
         | effects and traffic deaths, and the less complex areas
         | (highways) are already the bulk of the drudgery in driving, but
         | are much easier to automate, so why not do it for there?
        
           | brutusborn wrote:
           | One good reason is to help the AIs make better decisions
           | through greater certainty. For example, if a road sign has
           | machine readable data there is a greater certainty that an AI
           | will interpret it correctly. This could affect safety and
           | ease of implementation.
        
             | almost_usual wrote:
             | The environment requires too many constraints, in a city it
             | wouldn't be unusual for someone to vandalize these road
             | signs.
        
             | ehnto wrote:
             | Then someone spray paints the sign, a taxi parks in the
             | bike lane just behind a box truck blocking half the
             | entrance to where you're going, meanwhile a cyclist rides
             | the other direction directly toward you because human
             | agents are chaotic and cities are full of them. Oh, a
             | racoon!
             | 
             | Less tongue in cheek: I think we should optimize city
             | centers for human scales and activities, rather than
             | sending cars right through them at all. We already
             | sacrifice so much for cars in their current state, if we
             | have to optimize for their mobility even moreso we are
             | going in the wrong direction I feel.
             | 
             | I'm not saying get rid of cars, just keep them out of the
             | denser parts of cities and the CBD. Put them on roads, not
             | streets.
        
             | c7b wrote:
             | How well would that work during snow, fog, storms, how
             | resilient would it be to vandalism? Sounds extremely
             | fragile.
        
             | viscanti wrote:
             | The question is what value would a city get after, what
             | seems to be, a very expensive process? What value do they
             | get from unlocking semi competent AI cars that's worth the
             | time, effort, and requires dedicated street space and an
             | inconvenience to everyone else who travels a different way?
             | It doesn't seem like it's replacing public transit and if
             | someone needs a private vehicle to go beyond the area
             | that's optimized they'll need a different transportation
             | solution. It seems like a lot of cost for a very small
             | benefit.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | A very small benefit for society but potentially a very
               | large benefit for a select few stakeholders.
               | 
               | Musk largely became the richest person on the planet off
               | the back of the promise that nobody else would have
               | decent EV tech (turns out, they do), nobody else would
               | have the battery production capacity (turns out, they do,
               | plus super ironic when Tesla is partnering with Panasonic
               | for battery production), AND the promise of fully self
               | driving cars (which will happen for Tesla immediately
               | after flying cars).
               | 
               | I don't have a good term for this, but it's basically
               | corruption: a few benefit at the cost of everyone else.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | It's an enormous benefit to society. A huge number of
               | people are killed or seriously injured in car crashes
               | every year. Plus the quality of life benefits and
               | reduction in property damage.
        
             | YawningAngel wrote:
             | It seems like it would be cheaper and easier to get rid of
             | cars entirely
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | But not politically palatable :-)
        
             | incone123 wrote:
             | If a so-called AI needs help reading a road sign then it
             | stands no chance dealing with the rest of it's
             | surroundings.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | Not all driving outside city areas happens on the highways.
           | 
           | My brother lives in the countryside (somewhere in the EU),
           | and, as a driver, he shares the paved road just outside his
           | house with the village's cows (including his two cows). I
           | don't see any non-AGI system being able to negotiate that, as
           | at times is difficult even for me, a reasonably AGI system,
           | to make sense of it all when I encounter a herd of loose cows
           | on the road.
        
             | davedx wrote:
             | Oh come on, it's just collision avoidance, you don't need
             | general AI for that
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | Collision avoidance that needs object permanence
               | including theory of mind (for cows). How hard could it
               | be?
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | Sparsely populated rural areas are really the only place
             | where personal autos make sense. Long distance highway
             | travel is better serviced by train. And transportation
             | inside the city is better serviced by _literally anything
             | except a car_ (bikes, e-bikes, subway, trams, scooters,
             | walking).
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | How do you get around the sparsely-populated rural areas
               | at either end of the highway?
        
               | cwalv wrote:
               | > Sparsely populated rural areas are really the only
               | place where personal autos make sense
               | 
               | This might be true, if rural areas and densely populated
               | uran areas were the only 2 states, but there's a lot of
               | intermediate density in between
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Even cities with decent public transport networks (such
               | as Prague) tend to have a problem with tangential
               | relations. Most lines go from some periphery to the
               | center and to another periphery. If you need to travel
               | between two peripheries, you have to be somewhat lucky to
               | have a line connecting them at your disposal. Going
               | through the center and back to the other periphery is
               | possible, but usually takes too long. (e.g. 1h 30 min
               | instead of 15 minutes by car).
        
             | benj111 wrote:
             | Sheep are worse. They run from one side of the road across
             | you to get away from you.
        
               | dm319 wrote:
               | Add to that the vagueness of where the road ends and
               | field/bank begins for many country roads.
        
               | davedx wrote:
               | You don't need AGI to do edge detection it's purely a
               | vision problem
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | Practically all the AI-assisted automation systems I'm familiar
         | with, whether its identifying objects in an image or parsing
         | documents, have the same problem. They work for 90-95% of
         | problems but get trumped up by edge cases and a human has to
         | intervene.
         | 
         | That's not a problem when you're transcribing a video, but
         | becomes a matter of life and death when you're driving a car.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | Are there even any racing/sim games with solved driving AI? All
         | the ones I can think of cheat, replay hardcoded paths, and/or
         | are terrible. And thats with perfect information about the
         | world and other cars.
        
           | thatguy0900 wrote:
           | Those games ai systems get substantially less budget and time
           | than the automakers. There's also been a lot of talks about
           | players not really having fun with ai that is too good, the
           | players will always assume the ai is cheating whenever it out
           | maneuvers them if you make it too well done
        
       | batmanturkey wrote:
       | WHY is a fully autonomous vehicle even interesting to pursue,
       | given that wheeled vehicles and their infrastructural
       | requirements are such a large expense and social and
       | environmental problem relative to the benefits provided?
       | 
       | I mean, out of all the moonshots, why die on this particular
       | hill?
       | 
       | I consider an _actual_ hyperloop to be a much more compelling
       | vision for the future: those pneumatic tubes the banks use in
       | suburban US locales coupled with maglev capsules being routed
       | around electronically by magnetic field switching, etc... Or
       | flying jetson mobiles etc...
       | 
       | Why is the current obsession a robotic driver of a boring old car
       | ?
        
         | SergeAx wrote:
         | Hyperloop is a long range solution. Most of the commute today
         | are within 20km. These are two completely different problems.
        
         | EricDeb wrote:
         | how about robotic driving of an electric bus? I feel like that
         | would be much more useful for cities + no driver cost.
        
         | FL33TW00D wrote:
         | Those infrastructure requirements are already satisfied - and
         | ~3000 people died on US roads last year.
        
           | AtomicOrbital wrote:
           | 30,000+ fatal vehicle accidents annually, not 3000
        
             | JoshGG wrote:
             | The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has
             | released its early estimate of traffic fatalities for 2021.
             | NHTSA projects that an estimated 42,915 people died in
             | motor vehicle traffic crashes last year, a 10.5% increase
             | from the 38,824 fatalities in 2020. The projection is the
             | highest number of fatalities since 2005 and the largest
             | annual percentage increase in the Fatality Analysis
             | Reporting System's history. Behind each of these numbers is
             | a life tragically lost, and a family left behind.
             | 
             | https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/early-
             | estimate-2021-tra...
        
           | darkerside wrote:
           | This sounded off to me, and according to Google it is. You
           | are too low by an order of magnitude.
        
           | vanilla_nut wrote:
           | Cars and trucks continuously degrade the roads beneath them.
           | The infrastructure requirement is _never_ satisfied -- it
           | requires constant, very expensive upkeep.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | gremlinsinc wrote:
             | What if cars were mini maglev trains (or pods), hovering
             | above buried tracks on the road and can 'convert' into a
             | car for last-mile delivery, and parking.
             | 
             | Then you'd still have the asphalt etc, but hovering over it
             | - you degrade it less than actually driving on it. In this
             | situation you could order up any size vehicle you need from
             | 2 seater to 20 seater.
        
         | gizmo wrote:
         | Not to mention that the upside of self-driving cars is capped
         | at the cost of an uber driver, and even in a world with
         | ubiquitous fully autonomous cars you still want public
         | transportation.
         | 
         | Driver assistance on highways is probably the right 80/20
         | solution, at least for the foreseeable future.
        
           | weezin wrote:
           | > Not to mention that the upside of self-driving cars is
           | capped at the cost of an uber driver
           | 
           | An uber driver that can drive 24/7. Also there are a lot of
           | cars that sit in parking lots 95% of the day that can be
           | used.
        
             | smileysteve wrote:
             | The parking lot problem is way far off though, and efforts
             | like Zipcar attacked the utilization problem but have not
             | seen wide adoption
        
         | Paradigma11 wrote:
         | I am excited because then you can have far cheaper taxis ->
         | less people need to own a car.
        
         | Sahbak wrote:
         | Automatic public transportation will solve a lot of issues.
        
           | occz wrote:
           | Luckily, that already exists in driverless trains.
        
         | painted-now wrote:
         | I think what looks interesting on the surface for self-driving
         | cars is that "it is just a software problem". The other
         | projects you describe require actual "stuff".
         | 
         | Still, that argument doesn't count if the software problem is
         | "impossible" to implement, or if it turns out that you also
         | need "stuff" for it.
         | 
         | Edit: typo
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | I dunno, being able to easily get places (to visit or work or
         | have fun) is pretty important. Time is finite and valuable, so
         | things that less us spend time in more satisfying ways are
         | valuable.
        
           | c-cube wrote:
           | Denser cities and electric bikes would go a long way. But
           | somehow in the US people only want to go places in a deadly
           | metal box, even to fetch bread.
        
             | fooker wrote:
             | Some people also want to go to places outside cities! ^_^
        
         | Keyframe wrote:
         | - 1.3 million deaths worldwide, annually (94% cause by human
         | error)
         | 
         | - existing infrastructure (roads) isn't going anywhere (no need
         | to build anything)
         | 
         | - reduced traffic congestion (autonomous vehicles can better
         | react/drive)
         | 
         | - improved supply chains (autonomous trucks) (can work 0-24)
         | 
         | just to name a few off top of my head
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | - more autonomy for disabled people / elderly
           | 
           | (although the risk is clearly that vehicles will transition
           | into subscription services that cost many thousands of
           | dollars a year and price them all out)
        
           | dionidium wrote:
           | > 1.3 million deaths worldwide, annually (94% cause by human
           | error)
           | 
           | You don't need full autonomy to mostly fix this, but the
           | fixes are politically untenable (currently). The cars should
           | be speed-governed, they should be speed-limit aware -- the
           | car should _routinely_ be overriding the desire of the
           | driver. No, you can 't go into the bike lane to get around
           | traffic. No, you can't make the split-second decision to
           | swerve around a car braking in front of you. No, you can't
           | operate the vehicle at 100 mph in a residential zone. No, you
           | can't go that fast right now; it's raining way too hard,
           | doofus. No, you can't operate your vehicle onto a scheduled
           | parade route.
           | 
           | You don't need full autonomy to create cars that prevent a
           | significant percentage of driver -- to put it charitably --
           | _errors_. These are fairly straightforward problems. The
           | opposition is political.
        
           | airza wrote:
           | The existing infrastructure is _absolutely_ going somewhere.
           | Maintaining asphalt roads and highways is a constant,
           | expensive, and neverending struggle.
        
           | zinekeller wrote:
           | > existing infrastructure (roads) isn't going anywhere (no
           | need to build anything)
           | 
           | I think that this is a sunk-cost fallacy. Sure, you would
           | need to build infrastructure for trains, but after that
           | trains are now reasonably automated, can carry cargo, and do
           | other things with the exception of stopping at the exact
           | destination you wanted to (in other words, it requires
           | predetermined stops which people outside the US shrugs and
           | just walk or bike the last feet). Also, they're proven to
           | work: even China (which previously didn't have trains to its
           | far-flung places) and they've done what you've expect. I
           | think that the sole reason that anyone wants to invest in
           | automated (non-train) driving is because trains are boring
           | while AI is oh-so-shiny.
        
             | cwalv wrote:
             | > with the exception of stopping at the exact destination
             | you wanted to
             | 
             | This, and leaving from the exact starting point you want
             | to, at the exact time you want to, without out-of-the-way
             | intermediate stops that you don't want, without switching
             | lines. I can also easily move a table, couch, 2 shopping
             | carts full of groceries, etc.
             | 
             | It's not an insignificant difference in convenience
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | Trains won't do last mile delivery.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Current trains? Not directly.
               | 
               | But with the levels of investment in cars and roads, we
               | could have mini trains on reduced tracks (think stuff
               | like mine tracks) going almost anywhere, probably for a
               | fraction of maintaining our road infrastructure and cars.
        
               | shepherdjerred wrote:
               | We're not going to stop maintaining roads. They exist for
               | military defense as much as they do for road trips and
               | trucks.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Highway_System_(Un
               | ite...
        
               | jaxrtech wrote:
               | Or have the train get your delivery drones close enough
               | to the last mile for the battery to last :^)
        
         | spaceman_2020 wrote:
         | I mean, 1.3M people die every year in road accidents. Real
         | number is likely far higher since reporting isn't uniform
         | across the world.
         | 
         | That's at least one reason to warrant the investment.
        
           | bumblebritches5 wrote:
        
         | almost_usual wrote:
         | People in the US will absolutely die on a hill for their car.
         | 
         | Companies will invest endless amounts of money to convince you
         | cars are the future, their infrastructure isn't wasteful, and
         | they're good for the environment.
         | 
         | People buy into this because it fits their existing lifestyle.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Funny thing is, with self driving cars we can actually own
           | less cars as you can just hail them. More convenient and less
           | waste.
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | A) people want transportation as a service without the human of
         | a taxi or driver, not just for cost but comfort and not having
         | to associate with people (of a lower class)
         | 
         | B) creating a scalable transportation as a service business for
         | profit and power (data)
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Because the current generation of VCs watched Knight Rider as a
         | child?
        
         | awillen wrote:
         | A hyperloop is a much, much harder problem. Not technically,
         | but practically. Just look at California's high speed rail and
         | how that's gone - with that history, the idea that we could
         | introduce hyperloops in US cities is, to put it only mildly
         | punnily, a pipe dream.
         | 
         | As others have pointed out, millions are dying in car accidents
         | now, so a "more compelling vision for the future" is much less
         | important than something that can get done. While we certainly
         | haven't seen the progress many have hoped for/promised on self-
         | driving cars, I'd wager everything I own that we'll see a
         | significant percent of cars on the road in CA operating
         | autonomously before we see that high speed rail finished.
        
         | sgtfrankieboy wrote:
         | Hyperloop is crap, just go with highspeed trains. They get the
         | job done in city corridors.
         | 
         | But you can't have a train stop in front of your house... Nor
         | can you build massive tubes everywhere in place of cheap roads.
         | 
         | Walking, Bikes, Busses, Metros, Trains, Cars, Planes. They all
         | have a place in how we transport, right now the distribution
         | between them is just out of whack.
        
           | forgotusername6 wrote:
           | Hyperloop is still cool because you could have really fast
           | transit over large areas. Mass transit across cities is still
           | quite slow. High speed trains are fine but just not fast
           | enough. Imagine a large city where you could get from one
           | side to the other in only a few minutes.
        
             | wil421 wrote:
             | Musk coined Hyperloop as a distraction to high speed rail.
             | He wanted people to buy Teslas instead of thinking about
             | high speed rail in California. A lot of people fell for his
             | con.
        
               | forgotusername6 wrote:
               | It is a shame that other partial vacuum systems are not
               | being developed. They seem like a useful concept, fast,
               | less air resistance means less energy use. Surely a
               | technology you'd want to have in a future city.
        
               | gremlinsinc wrote:
               | why does it need to be a vacuum system? Couldn't a
               | similar device be a pod-like maglev device that floats
               | above a magnetic track and maybe can temporarily hover
               | albeit more slowly via some drone-like propeller on the
               | bottom when 'off track', or for final-mile portions,
               | could even turn into a car when not in maglev mode.
        
             | lozenge wrote:
             | If you chose to build a train with only two stops, yes you
             | could get from one side to the other in only a few minutes.
             | That would have its downsides, like the station not being
             | near your destination, which is why it's rarely done. You
             | would also need a very straight track, which means lots of
             | space for points (places where trains separate from the
             | route onto platforms). This constraint is also shared by
             | Hyperloop.
        
             | CaptainZapp wrote:
             | I gather that you never used public transport in Tokyo.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | For anything except sparsely populated rural areas, a train
           | gets you to the city/town, and a mix of public transport +
           | e-bike/e-scooter gets you to your final destination. This is
           | potentially quicker, and much _much_ more efficient than
           | lugging 2-ton capsules around and needing hundreds of
           | thousands of square km of land to keep the things parked 95%
           | of the time.
        
         | jimmytidey wrote:
         | I think non-human payloads make more sense for virtually every
         | kind of innovation:
         | 
         | -- Radically reduced safety margins, if the vehicle itself
         | contains no humans.
         | 
         | -- You can often move cargo at any time of day or night, and
         | therefore do a much more sophisticated job of collaboratively
         | load-levelling traffic.
         | 
         | -- Doesn't matter how uncomfortable a non-human payload is with
         | in reason. Acceleration, cornering, waiting, daylight, motion
         | sickness are all constraints that are eased for cargo.
         | 
         | -- It would be nice if you can move freight anywhere, but even
         | if you can only serve a very limited network its still useful -
         | say between fixed points in major cities. By contrast, a car
         | that can't go almost everywhere is very severely limited.
         | 
         | Example: in major cities, all the freight moves in lorries,
         | which are extremely dangerous and polluting. Meanwhile, the
         | humans are packed into trains in underground tunnels. Surely
         | freight should be moving in autonomous underground trains and
         | the humans enjoying lorry free surface travel?
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Humans are freight units that embark and disembark and change
           | vehicles autonomously with very little instruction. Other
           | freight units aren't. Parcel hubs are a hard problem that's
           | far from solved enough to set them up in masses.
        
             | jimmytidey wrote:
             | You can have humans 'embark' and 'disembark' the freight,
             | the same way we do now...
        
       | stephc_int13 wrote:
       | Companies are going to die on that hill. I would not call it a
       | waste of money.
       | 
       | It might work in the end, and even if the current tech is not
       | sufficient to attain the goal of fully autonomous driving, the
       | car is a very good guinea pig for robotic research.
       | 
       | We're collectively learning a lot in this process.
       | 
       | I am not surprised that it turns out to be much more difficult
       | than anticipated.
       | 
       | I think it is 95% vaporware, but I liked the ideas behind the
       | latest Nvidia presentation.
       | 
       | Machine learning is all about the training quality, useful robots
       | (such as autonomous vehicles) have to operate in the real world.
       | 
       | We can't have robots that kills by accident.
       | 
       | It is difficult/risky/costly to train them in the real world.
       | Good virtual twins are needed to achieve safe training with
       | infinite repetitions in extreme situations.
       | 
       | Not sure if that is sufficient, but it is worth trying.
        
       | bwilli123 wrote:
       | We already have self driving cars. We call it public transport.
        
         | techwiz137 wrote:
         | The idea is to have private transportation, some of us like the
         | peace and quiet.
        
           | Foreignborn wrote:
           | Cars aren't quiet
        
           | flohofwoe wrote:
           | That "peace and quiet" is only for car owners though, not so
           | much for pedestrians.
        
           | paulcole wrote:
           | If you like private transport, then you should be doing
           | whatever you can to get as many people as possible to use
           | public transport so there's less traffic on the road for you.
        
         | concordDance wrote:
         | Doesn't allow point to point. I lose about 5 hours a week due
         | to cycling and using public transport.
        
           | presentation wrote:
           | Then public transit should be built to wherever you live.
           | given the amount of investment to self driving cars and
           | maintenance of roads that are way bigger than they should be,
           | we could be using that capital for transit.
        
           | lozenge wrote:
           | Yet remove all the cycling and public transport and
           | everybody's journey would be slower due to the road filling
           | up with traffic.
        
       | CyanLite4 wrote:
       | These companies are swinging for the fences and instead striking
       | out. A base hit would suffice for most people.
       | 
       | I just want a reliable car that can steer in the highway so I can
       | eat a burger or answer a text message. GM's SuperCruise is nearly
       | there but has too many safety restrictions. It doesn't need to
       | work in inclement weather or construction zones. Being able to
       | answer emails or watch a YouTube clip on a long road trip gives
       | me back precious time that is worth paying a few thousand for.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | I believe there was some news that Mercedes was going for
         | exactly that use case some time ago.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | Why don't you go by train?
         | 
         | If you don't like driving, don't drive.
        
       | joshuaheard wrote:
       | I think the mistake was trying for full pattern recognition of
       | the environment to control the car. Even human drivers need lane
       | markers and traffic signals. They should make a custom "Botts
       | Dot" that the AI can use to stay in the lanes. Every intersection
       | should have a server broadcasting instructions to the vehicles to
       | control traffic at that intersection. I'm not an expert, however.
        
       | ChildOfChaos wrote:
       | It will come eventually, but I wonder how much of my lifetime I
       | will be able to appreciate it, i'm already almost 40 and I don't
       | drive.
       | 
       | I live in a small city, I can walk most places and I get the
       | train to larger cities for social events, I save a huge amount of
       | money and I love it.
       | 
       | But the trains are awful, good, decent public transport and self-
       | driving transportation would be awesome. I might never get to the
       | point of having owned a car and i will be pretty happy with that.
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | The roads clogged by cars would be replaced by the roads
         | clogged by self-driving cars. Self-driving cars are not the
         | solution to awful public transport
        
       | mg wrote:
       | $100B is not that much when you compare it to the value self-
       | driving cars will create.
       | 
       | There are over 1 billion cars on the road which need humans to
       | drive them. How much are they used? I don't know. Let's say one
       | ride per day. When cars turn into a service business, the
       | "driver" will be software. What will be paid to the driver? Let's
       | say $1 per ride.
       | 
       | That is 1B * $1 * 365 = $365B per year. Give that a p/e ratio of
       | 10 and the value is $3650B.
       | 
       | So we could spent 30 times more and still break even.
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | I would like to nit-pick and say you're estimating some novel
         | metric. The value add would be somewhat higher than that
         | because the alternative is a human driver, so the value-add of
         | the software is approximately ($/h value of driver x hours)
         | that it frees up to do something else. Plus all the evidence I
         | see suggests that whatever the current state, sooner rather
         | than later computers are going to be superhuman at driving
         | (like they are at most other discrete tasks) and save a lot of
         | lives. Plus reduced wear & tear on vehicles.
         | 
         | $365B in value is probably a serious undercall. The only reason
         | to complain here is if _only_ $100B has been put in to the
         | venture so far.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | >>Plus all the evidence I see suggests that whatever the
           | current state, sooner rather than later computers are going
           | to be superhuman at driving (like they are at most other
           | discrete tasks) and save a lot of lives.
           | 
           | What is that evidence, exactly? I agree that we might
           | eventually get there, but the scale seems to be 50-100 years
           | at this point. We are as arrogant as the researchers in the
           | 60s who famously announced that absolutely perfect image
           | recognition is only 1-2 years away - except the problem is
           | several orders of magnitude harder.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | Typically from what I've seen computers go a long period
             | being hopeless at a task, then slightly subhuman-par-
             | superhuman very quickly. It seems to me that as far as
             | algorithm-and-Hz cares human intelligence lives in a very
             | narrow window and once computers get close to it they tend
             | to jump over it.
             | 
             | I'd judge self driving to be slightly subhuman right now -
             | there are definitely worse drivers on the road (typically
             | impaired - drunk, near-blind or high). I'd expect
             | superhuman performance this decade just based on that and
             | the rate of improvement in anything AI related right now.
        
           | subroutine wrote:
           | I think computers will become superhuman at driving under the
           | _right conditions_.
           | 
           | However, there will inevitably be conditions that require the
           | use of general intelligence (rather than driving heuristics),
           | and in those situations all you can do is pray the computer
           | acts rationally despite not having GI.
           | 
           | I think self driving cars have already passed the test of
           | "number of crashes" or "number of fatalities" per mile
           | driven. But I don't think that's enough to sway the public,
           | if every once in a billion miles a self driving car slowly
           | drives off a cliff for no apparent reason.
        
             | MontyCarloHall wrote:
             | >I think self driving cars have already passed the test of
             | "number of crashes" or "number of fatalities" per mile
             | driven.
             | 
             | This is not definitively known. The distribution of
             | conditions under which self driving cars operate is very
             | different from the distribution of human driving. Self
             | driving car miles are disproportionately on the highway,
             | with little traffic, in perfect weather (i.e. by far the
             | safest driving conditions). In addition, we don't know how
             | many disengagements (or remote interventions) would have
             | resulted in an accident.
        
               | subroutine wrote:
               | True, true. However, if I had to bet... I'd bet in a
               | fully self driving world (using today's tech) there'd be
               | overall far fewer fatal accidents. However there'd also
               | be a lot of bullshit we are simply unwilling to deal with
               | (e.g. cars going 10mph in the rain; slow motion fender
               | benders; car unwilling to turn left; gridlock at
               | intersections; lots of random oddities). I guess my point
               | is that safety metrics are certainly important stats to
               | gauge self driving progress, but certainly not the only
               | metrics that matter, and perhaps not even the most
               | important.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I think that's underestimating just how bad people are at
               | driving. There is little meaningful difference for other
               | drivers from a bunch of self driving cars suddenly
               | blocking traffic and an actual traffic accident.
               | 
               | People aren't going to trust cars to safely do level 5 if
               | they can't do level 4 99.999% of the time. So sure there
               | will be occasional stories of i95 blocked for 3 hours due
               | to software bug, but how is that different from a major
               | accident that occurs regularly?
        
               | subroutine wrote:
               | This is the argument self driving car companies are
               | currently trying to make. My contention is this reason
               | doesn't seem compelling to the general public. For
               | whatever reason the public seems more tolerant of human
               | error than machine error. At this point anyway. I foresee
               | a long period of trust-building before widespread
               | adoption.
               | 
               | An interesting experiment would be for Uber to send two
               | cars for pickup, one human and one self driving. And let
               | people choose.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | That's fair. I suspect we are at least 30 years from a
               | drunk to be legally able to order their self driving car
               | home without issue simply due to cultural inertia.
               | 
               | Assuming we get to that point it will probably be another
               | 20 years after that before non self driving is seen in
               | the same way as driving a motorcycle is today. Aka
               | something that's not suicidal, but defiantly excessively
               | dangerous.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Nothing says self driving cars can't phone a call center
             | for the 0.001% edge cases. Just add a cellphone connection
             | and a Starlink receiver in the roof for a backup. At which
             | point we would need to add some cell reception to some
             | tunnels and cars can have literally global coverage.
             | 
             | High drips the problem drops from near AGI to not
             | outrunning the cars ability to stop without hitting
             | anything.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | It's not only off topic, it's also wildly unrealistic (IMO).
         | 1$/day may seem little, but that's for middle-class US
         | standards, and it gets proportionally worse when you realize
         | many people make more than one trip per day. What incentive do
         | you have for people to pay that amount?
        
           | tkk23 wrote:
           | With self-driving cars, you don't have to own cars anymore.
           | That $1 per day frees your $5.000 per year budget for owning
           | a car.
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | No one is going to rent you a car for $1/ride, self driving
             | or not in fact I doubt you could rent a bike for that much.
             | Even if you eliminate the driver from the equation, you
             | still have to pay for the value of the car, wear and tear,
             | and fuel/electricity to run it. The $1 on top is an
             | extremely optimistic cost of a self driving software only.
             | 
             | Let me put it this way - it would already be cheaper for me
             | to just take an Uber to work than own my car. And yet,
             | I(and I imagine most people will too) prefer to own my car.
        
             | tgv wrote:
             | A short taxi ride costs much, much more than 1$.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | I'm not sure I get your valuation model. "we're" not investing
         | in self driving it's the car companies, because (presumably)
         | they believe that self driving will make their cars more
         | sellable compared with other brands.
         | 
         | If after another $50B or $100B spent some companies start to
         | pull back on funding because they think diverting funds to
         | other areas will give a better return (better batteries,
         | cheaper manufacturing etc), it's likely others will too.
        
         | davidgerard wrote:
         | > will create.
         | 
         | just think of the huge economic value that faster-than-light
         | travel will unlock!!
         | 
         | you're assuming your conclusion
        
           | JamesianP wrote:
           | But we know driving is possible because people can do it.
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | Are you interested in investing in my lead into gold startup?
         | Just think of the value it _will create_.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jhoechtl wrote:
       | Because we are nowhere close to Artificial Intelligence in
       | layman's sense of understanding. Not even close, as long our
       | computing principles are still based on zero and one.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Recent and related:
       | 
       |  _Even After $100B, Self-Driving Cars Are Going Nowhere_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33106739 - Oct 2022 (107
       | comments)
        
       | dubeye wrote:
       | Is it binary? I get a lot of value from the level 2 systems
       | already common. And appreciate the incremental improvements.
        
       | Lutger wrote:
       | Huge waste of money that could have been poured into public
       | transport to actually solve our problems and improve our lives.
       | What a tragedy.
        
         | pirate787 wrote:
         | It wasn't your money.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | It's a non-trivial amount of our society's wealth, doesn't
           | really matter who owns it in regards to talking about it's
           | use. Just like we can talk about how spending a billion hours
           | on reality TV is probably not an amazing use of time. It's
           | not our time, do what you want, but you can still talk about
           | it.
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | I'll be blunt about this.
         | 
         | Most of this research is funded in the US and the hyper
         | individualistic Americans as a group don't believe in public
         | transport.
        
           | D13Fd wrote:
           | That's really not true. Americans love good public
           | transportation where it's available and works well. Most US
           | cities have lots of buses, and many have light rail. But in a
           | big country with a spread-out population, public
           | transportation is tough.
           | 
           | American _corporations_ perhaps aren't as interested in
           | public transportation, because there is no money to be made.
           | And that is who is largely funding this self-driving vehicle
           | research.
        
             | dionidium wrote:
             | > _But in a big country with a spread-out population,
             | public transportation is tough._
             | 
             | This is oft-repeated, but it doesn't really survive a
             | moment's scrutiny. You might as well say it's pointless to
             | build a path from your back door to your shed, because the
             | county is just too big.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | The built up areas of the US have almost the same
             | population density as the EU ones.
             | 
             | Nobody cares about the Rockies or farm fields or Death
             | Valley.
        
             | Fiahil wrote:
             | > Americans love good public transportation [...] Most US
             | cities have lots of buses
             | 
             | So... Apparently not...
             | 
             | The USA is probably the worst place in the world for 1)
             | high speed trains 2) buses. And the only place I know where
             | the train _waits_ for cars to go through.
             | 
             | If only they could see by themselves how bad it is during
             | their next trip to Switzerland, the Netherlands, Japan,
             | London, Paris (even France in general) and many many other
             | countries and cities that have a functional network of high
             | speed trains, metro, tramway and regional lines...
             | 
             | I hope you're not ready to die on that hill.
        
           | SergeAx wrote:
           | Self driving tech could and will be applied to public
           | transportation too. With self-driving mini-buses we can serve
           | more destination much more efficiently, fine-tuning commute
           | supply to better fit the exact demand.
        
           | jmartrican wrote:
           | My commuter train be packed though.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | Where? And is it filled with people coming from the local
             | P&R?
        
         | kybernetyk wrote:
         | Having been the victim of public transport for the first 30
         | years of my life: nope. You just can't polish a turd. (Maybe
         | other countries can but here in Germany it's a lost cause and
         | you can't make individual mobility expensive enough for me to
         | ever take public transport again).
        
           | ninethirty wrote:
           | In Minneapolis, our billion dollar tram has become a rolling
           | homeless shelter.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | As a counter-anecdote, I've been using public transport
           | exclusively for 35 years (since first grade) in Helsinki,
           | London and New York, and never felt like I'm a "victim" of
           | anything.
           | 
           | I only ever take a car for trips outside the city.
        
             | mft_ wrote:
             | Indeed, and I think you're quietly pointing at the nub of
             | the problem: _if_ you like in a major city or sufficiently
             | close to one of its public transport 'spokes', _and_ you
             | want to travel to somewhere also covered in a similar
             | manner (be that short- or long-distance) public transport
             | is usually somewhere between great and acceptable. As soon
             | as you fall outside that usability window, it often becomes
             | close to unusable.
             | 
             | (One exception: local countryside bud services can
             | sometimes be really valuable for local travel; but they
             | often don't link well with other public transport
             | modalities, IME.)
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | The budget for just the MTA in NYC is 18 billion / year and
         | that's really only for the ongoing costs. A 100 billion
         | investment in public transportation over the entire US over 10
         | years once wouldn't have done shit.
         | 
         | A fleet of self driving cars are realistically the only
         | scalable public transportation because the costs increase with
         | the number of people not the area to be served. Do people just
         | forget how unbelievably spread out everything but the densest
         | cities are? 24/7 bus service to within 0.5 miles of every house
         | in my city is already impossible even if you allowed them to be
         | on the every 4 hour. To replace cars people would realistically
         | need them on the hour and want on the 20 minutes. Bet you my
         | shirt at that point it would just be cheaper for the city to
         | just run a free taxi service.
        
           | Sakos wrote:
           | This pretty much. Building public infrastructure is insanely
           | expensive and there are capacity limits that can't easily be
           | solved. We need to add public transport to the mix that 1)
           | doesn't require heavy additional investment in infrastructure
           | and 2) solves convenience concerns that make buses
           | unappealing and 3) can reliably replace privately owned
           | vehicles.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | I'm about as big of a fan of mass transit as you can get, but
         | this is completely overblown.
         | 
         | That's $1Bn for the hundred largest cities in the world.
         | 
         | Assuming even 40% of that went to the US, that's $1Bn for the
         | top 40 cities. That leaves out 22 entire states [0], and like
         | 75% of the population...
         | 
         | Look to NYC, LA, and SF for what $1Bn gets you... It's about 1
         | mile of subway [1]. And it takes close to 15 years to build.
         | 
         | We wouldn't all be riding around on space elevators with
         | materially better lives if this money was invested in subways
         | or trains.
         | 
         | If you spent $40Bn on busses - you'd have to spend another
         | $250Bn to pay people to ride them...
         | 
         | Self-driving cars will eventually change cities. I think
         | there's evidence it's already starting to happen.
         | 
         | I don't think this money would've been better spent on trains,
         | and definitely not busses.
         | 
         | What else are you thinking of?
         | 
         | I'd be interested in a better cost breakdown of bike lanes and
         | how much it would cost to get a significant percentage of
         | people in cities biking & scootering around - but I'm
         | skeptical, and also, it's not mass transit!
         | 
         | NYC installed 29.5 miles of protected bike lanes last year [2].
         | I can't find the cost, but next year they're asking for $3.1Bn
         | to build 500 miles of protected bike lanes, among many other
         | things [3]. I know it costs less than $1M to pave a two-lane
         | road one mile [4] - so a protected bike lane _should_ be well
         | under $1M - but then everything costs way more in the city...
         | 
         | If protected bike lanes cost substantially less than $5M per
         | mile in the city (like $0.5M) - $40Bn could get you pretty far!
         | 
         | That's 80k miles of protected bike lanes! That's about 4x the
         | amount of total bike lanes we have now.
         | 
         | Bike commute rates in NYC are decent (by US standards). I'd
         | love to see a study on how much bike commute rates increased
         | after these new lanes were completed.
         | 
         | Copenhagen has only 240 miles of bike lanes and 600 miles of
         | paths for 70 square miles and 750k people [4]. That's enough to
         | get 62% of people commuting by bike [5]!
         | 
         | For the top 40 cities, you'd be looking at like 80k miles of
         | protected bike lanes for 4000 square miles and 81M people.
         | That's better than Copenhagen!
         | 
         | That could potentially get you close to 62% of people biking
         | instead of driving - just depends on if that many people live
         | within 5 miles of work / school / going out. 5 miles being the
         | average commute distance in Copenhagen [6].
         | 
         | 62% of cars off the road in the top 40 US cities would
         | DEFINITELY change my life for the better - but I'd be surprised
         | if we could even get 15%. Still, it's something you could do in
         | a couple of years - and for $40Bn - would definitely be worth
         | it. But it's decidedly not _mass_ transit.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.google.com/amp/s/vividmaps.com/map-of-largest-
         | me...
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nytimes.com/2017/12/28/nyre...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www1.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/cyclingintheci...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.6sqft.com/council-wants-additional-3-1b-to-
         | build...
         | 
         | [4] https://homeguide.com/costs/asphalt-driveway-
         | cost#:~:text=Co....
         | 
         | [5] https://www.latimes.com/world-
         | nation/story/2019-08-07/copenh...
         | 
         | [6] https://www.latimes.com/world-
         | nation/story/2019-08-07/copenh....)
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | How far has the $100bn spent on self-driving cars moved the
           | needle?
        
           | biztos wrote:
           | I don't think you're refuting the parent post so much as
           | lamenting the difficulty of doing anything "infrastructure"
           | in today's America.
           | 
           | There are lots of places all over the world where $1B would
           | make a big difference in many, many people's lives -- and
           | where people eagerly ride the busses they actually have,
           | which are often not that nice.
           | 
           | Do we need things to work in the USA for them to be worth
           | doing?
        
         | benj111 wrote:
         | But you could say that about a lot of things. Instead of going
         | to Starbucks you could have fed a starving African for a week.
         | 
         | Instead of wasting research money on computer networking, you
         | could spend it on stamps and envelopes.
         | 
         | Hindsight is a wonderful thing. But you don't know what's going
         | to come out of that research before hand.
        
         | emporas wrote:
         | Well, why not then create bigger cars, or smaller buses?
         | Between 5 people in a car or a 100 people in a bus, an optimal
         | solution should be able to converge slowly, to 20 people in a
         | vehicle. It would be different for every city, or region or
         | country.
         | 
         | Most cars spend most of their time, being stationary in a
         | parking lot or a garage, 93 percent of the time to be more
         | specific, or 23 hours/day. Buses spend a lot less time being
         | stationary. The trade off here is the speed of driving. Cars
         | offer an unlimited amount of speed, while buses do not. An
         | optimal economic solution should exist in which the economic
         | actors, i.e. people will figure it out after a lot of trial n
         | error.
         | 
         | A crucial factor in self driving cars no one mentioned, is the
         | data the machine uses to drive should be incorruptible. A
         | blockchain which supports billions of tps, offer a solution to
         | that.
         | 
         | Additionally road variables change over time, and data should
         | change as well. Economic actors, not just people should feed
         | the machines with updated data every day. That means that a
         | marketplace of information is required, in which the most
         | efficient economic actors with the best accuracy and the best
         | reputation are rewarded, and the worst economic actors, who's
         | data aggregation cause a lot of crashes, fall off the market.
         | 
         | A marketplace of information, doesn't exist for the time being,
         | so there is no chance for self driving cars to be safe and
         | effective.
        
         | wolframhempel wrote:
         | I think the goal is to solve public transport by having a fleet
         | of autonomous vehicles that pick you up where you are and drop
         | you off where you need to go and would roam freely in between -
         | basically driverless, electric ueber.
         | 
         | As cars need charging, they would congregate at some charging
         | plot outside the busy areas.
         | 
         | Personally, I rather like this vision as it combines the best
         | of public transport and car traffic. Especially, if the
         | existing, personally owned cars that just stand around 99% of
         | the time vanish over time.
        
           | BlargMcLarg wrote:
           | This isn't going to work for the most obvious case: rush
           | hour. Which is the case that is the root cause of most
           | issues.
           | 
           | If you're still stuck with peak road usage nearly equivalent
           | to that today, your goal isn't to solve prominent issues
           | today.
        
             | wolframhempel wrote:
             | I guess it's just a question of capacity. If you can cram a
             | lot of travelers into a subway train during rush hour, you
             | could just as well imagine an uber pool type function where
             | clever route finding combines riders into a single car
             | during rush hour.
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | Carpooling failed because people prefer having everything
               | under control in the face of how cheap car-based travel
               | is already. Thinking self-driving cars will fix a luxury
               | problem is a pipedream.
               | 
               | Whether it is self-driving with an incredibly optimized
               | algorithm (good luck with that) or manual carpooling, the
               | same problems are still going to bubble up. The solutions
               | already exist. We, as a society, just don't want to deal
               | with the consequences.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | If you have a networked grid of cars you can run them much
             | closer together and increase road capacity. (Even with
             | failures, likely less dangerous than leaving critical
             | decisions to individual human drivers.) You can also
             | automate away the poor behaviours that contribute to
             | delays.
             | 
             | This would require collaborative networked/distributed
             | self-driving, which is not the same as the let's-use-this-
             | as-an-excuse-for-AI-research individual self-driving we
             | have today.
             | 
             | But really most people shouldn't be commuting anyway. WFH
             | should be much more of a thing, even if it's not full-time.
        
               | Avicebron wrote:
               | Brilliant option, we could cut the front off one car and
               | the back off another and weld them together, think of the
               | room saved for more people! Talk about a dense network!
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | Yes, exactly. The whole premise of self-driving removing
               | peak load rests on arguments which exist in theory, but
               | are stupidly difficult to create in practice. The costs
               | made today will pale in comparison to the costs required
               | to get this off the ground.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, we have solutions which work today, several of
               | which _can_ be done today. WFH, incentivizing working
               | outside peak hours, building more densely and closer to
               | cities, investing in public transport, and more. We just
               | don 't _want_ to do it.
               | 
               | We see this in The Netherlands. Public transport has
               | gotten noticeably worse, car usage is going up as a
               | result, and roads are expanding to compensate. In a
               | country where housing is a massive problem, which means
               | people will move to less desirable places (read: places
               | further away from work hubs). Now we have a chicken-and-
               | egg problem with regards to public transport, and
               | increased car usage is pressuring space which could be
               | used to create more homes and _remove_ cars from the
               | peak.
               | 
               | We simply don't need to wait another 10-15 years for
               | self-driving to finally be a thing. What needs to be
               | done, is accepting that things will suck for a bit to
               | then get better eventually. Continuing on the same path
               | with self-driving cars will only stall the problem
               | instead of solve it, anyway.
        
               | CrimpCity wrote:
               | This is true but the gains are surprisingly limited. From
               | Algorithmic game theory there's the concept of "the price
               | of anarchy" it measures the gap between cooperation (a
               | centrally designed or coordinated solution) and
               | competition (where each participant is independently
               | trying to maximize the outcome for themselves). Selfish
               | routing basically what we have now has price of 4/3. This
               | means the greedy status quo is only 33% worse than
               | perfect coordination.
               | 
               | I'll quote from one of my favorite books Algorithms to
               | Live By:
               | 
               | "It's true that self-driving cars should reduce the
               | number of road accidents and may be able to drive more
               | closely together, both of which would speed up traffic.
               | But from a congestion standpoint, the fact that the price
               | of anarchy is only 4/3 as congested as perfect
               | coordination means that perfectly coordinated commutes
               | will only be 3/4 as congested as they are now."
        
           | harry8 wrote:
           | I too rather like rainbows, unicorns, chocolate waterfalls
           | and free happiness growing on trees as a solution to all
           | problems.
        
             | wolframhempel wrote:
             | I feel that this one is a rather realistic solution. It
             | uses existing technology (cars), existing infrastructure
             | (streets) and existing data infrastructure (cloud
             | providers) to solve a massive problem. The "only" thing
             | that's missing is the self driving part (the only being in
             | very large quotes of course).
             | 
             | This means its much less of a stretch to get this scenario
             | working than proposals like Hyperloop, Flying Taxis or
             | other things that require a lot more innovation and
             | infrastructure work before they become feasable.
        
               | aniken wrote:
               | The "only" thing missing, is to get the best engineers,
               | and pay them double what they normally make.
               | 
               | Source: https://youtu.be/DkGMY63FF3Q
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | This is all private money. If these companies didn't spend the
         | $100B developing autonomous vehicles, it wouldn't suddenly be
         | available for building public transit.
         | 
         | Beyond that, $100B doesn't go as far toward building transit as
         | you might expect. For example, San Diego recently spent $2.3
         | billion on a light rail extension that's projected to have
         | 34,700 daily trips by 2030. If you assume most of these are
         | round-trips, it's serving fewer than 18,000 people. Spending
         | $100B at this rate would serve around 750,000 people (0.2% of
         | the U.S. population).
         | 
         | The most cost-effective form of public transit in most places
         | is busses because they can reuse existing road infrastructure,
         | and in the U.S., labor accounts for around 70% of the cost of
         | operating busses. As a result, autonomous driving technology
         | should be helpful in scaling public transit systems as well.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Do you mean the La Jolla trolley line? It seems like a nice
           | idea (I've lived next to several trolley stops) but the
           | virtually nonexistent ticket validation tends to make the
           | trolley a magnet for negativity, and keeps me in my car.
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | It's not government money for the most part, these companies
         | would not have put it into public transportation if they didn't
         | work on self driving cars
        
         | iinnPP wrote:
         | According to the UN, it's enough to save over 40million lives
         | (for almost two years)
         | 
         | We have our priorities all twisted.
        
           | kybernetyk wrote:
           | And what after those 2 years?
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Same question applies to self-driving research.
        
               | melling wrote:
               | The knowledge gained is forever. Once we learn something
               | in science and engineering...
        
               | rrss wrote:
               | ... it vanishes when the companies fold?
        
               | melling wrote:
               | Unlikely. The knowledge is with the employees, filed
               | patents, etc.
               | 
               | in fact, the information is probably constantly leaking
               | out of the company. It's hard to keep secrets.
        
       | jongjong wrote:
       | It goes to show how much office politics has been strangling
       | innovation. I'm sure this problem could have been solved for $100
       | million.
        
       | sgtfrankieboy wrote:
       | So? Okay, we're not there yet with autonomous vehicles, and have
       | spend tons of money on it. But the tech we have now didn't exist
       | a decade ago. Give it another decade.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Perhaps we should pour more money in adapting the
         | infrastructure to these cars, so they can become more like a
         | train in some sense.
         | 
         | And perhaps we can design city centers to be car free.
        
           | LinuxBender wrote:
           | _adapting the infrastructure to these cars_
           | 
           | This is an important piece I have not seen addressed in the
           | US. In places where there is snow and ice on the road a good
           | part of the year self driving cars will need help from
           | sensors and guide objects in some form. Perhaps sensors
           | injected into the road? Humans barely manage in my area
           | because people have a cognitive awareness and memory of the
           | terrain. Road lines are often absent. Sidewalks are obscured.
           | Even simple things like parking at the grocery store is
           | _relative parking_ and people just make a best-guess as to
           | where a spot is.
           | 
           | I am also curious if any testing has been done in snow
           | blizzards and squalls. Squalls can occur without warning and
           | visibility drops to nothing.
        
         | wainstead wrote:
         | This. I recall most predictions saying 2024 would be the
         | tipping point, but even then I doubt regulations at the local
         | and national level will change that fast.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | Another decade for prototype self-driving cars to cover another
         | state part of the US? $100BN in funding these gadgets and
         | contraptions that don't work. Not even Tesla FSD can drive
         | itself reliably at night _without_ supervision, because it is
         | not Level 5.
         | 
         | Until LiDAR becomes more cheaper and these cars CAN drive
         | themselves safely at night without supervision in any state at
         | scale and as advertised like a robotaxi, then you're looking
         | into multiple decades of these research prototypes being
         | 'useful'.
         | 
         | So far, that $100BN is a VC scam until proven otherwise.
        
           | sgtfrankieboy wrote:
           | >Another decade of researching a cancer cure to cover another
           | different type of cancer? $1400BN in funding these cancer
           | treatments that don't work. Not even radiotherapy can fully
           | cure cancer...
           | 
           | Thats how I read it, sorry. We made tremendous leaps in the
           | past decade with improving automated driving, is it fully
           | automatic? No. Does it mean we should somehow stop funding
           | it? No.
        
           | lizen_one wrote:
           | LiDAR is finally cheap.
           | 
           | I repeat my comment on LiDAR that I gave a few days ago. The
           | gist is that LiDAR is cheap and you will be able to buy a
           | LiDAR with sufficient resolution for in the next 1-2 years
           | because it will be integrated in normal passenger cars for
           | L2/L3 assistants. These cars are coming out now or in the
           | next year.
           | 
           | LiDAR is finally getting cheap. OEMs (like VW) are very price
           | sensitive. It is estimated the sensors from Valeo cost about
           | 500 dollars. The fact that you see more and more normal
           | passenger cars with higher resolution LiDARs means that
           | LiDARs are getting cheaper.
           | 
           | The Audi A8 used Valeo's (with Ibeo) first generation low
           | resolution LiDAR Scala 1 from the automotive supplier Valeo.
           | Mercedes new models will be using Valeo's second (or third)
           | generation LiDAR. All these are used for L2/L3 assistants.
           | Valeo is a traditional large automotive supplier.
           | 
           | Luminar, a public company from the US, cooperates with Volvo.
           | Some models will come with a LiDAR in the base configuration.
           | These are "new LiDARs" with high resolution.
           | 
           | Innoviz, a 'startup' from Isreal, will supplies LiDARs to VW.
           | Its angular resolution is (in its focus area) about 0.1 (or
           | 0.2) degrees, which is sufficient for higher levels of
           | autonomy and surpasses/equals the resolution of the expensive
           | Velodyne sensors of the past. They will probably be in the
           | same price range. Due to the limited FOV due to the
           | technology, you will need multiply LiDARs.
           | 
           | Many new models from Chinese car brands will also ve equipped
           | with a LiDAR. Most of them with Chinese LiDAR manufacturers
           | like RoboSense or Hesai. Some are equipped by European
           | manufactures like Ibeo/ZF. For example, there is the
           | automotive sensor AT128 by Hesai. It targets normals vehicles
           | (see price range above) and claims a similar performance
           | (except for FOV, so you need multiple) like the Velodyne
           | Ultra Puck (~$50000).
           | 
           | So costs of LiDARs are a not the very expensive obstacle they
           | were in the past. The only problem could be that the new
           | LiDAR manufactures cannot scale up series production. For
           | example, Ibeo just filed for insolvency because they could
           | not close another round after aggressively increasing
           | spending in the past years.
        
           | viscanti wrote:
           | > So far, that $100BN is a VC scam until proven otherwise.
           | 
           | A lot of the self driving tech has already made its way into
           | safety systems in cars. Things like automatic breaking seem
           | generally useful. There's a question about if it's worth
           | $100B for research into partially autonomous safety
           | solutions, but I don't think it's useful to attribute zero
           | value to self driving research until we get full self driving
           | (certainly some value is being realized already).
        
           | nrclark wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, why is lidar necessary?
           | 
           | When a human drives a car, their only sensors are eyes, ears,
           | and maybe vibration. Somehow we manage to muddle through it.
           | 
           | Why do L4/L5 cars need anything extra sensors-wise?
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
       | welcome to the future
       | 
       | maybe its just the case that we have already picked the low
       | hanging fruit in computing...from this point forward, the
       | remaining loftier goals will take decades and billions to achieve
       | 
       | don't fall into the trap of thinking something can't be done if
       | it can't be done easily. quickly and cheaply
        
       | prmoustache wrote:
       | I'd rather see we remove all non professionnal motorized vehicles
       | from the road and invest those billions in high frequency and
       | coverage public transport. That would mean more accessible
       | transport to everyone, including disabled people, less people
       | dying on the road, safer transport for pedestriants, cyclists,
       | bicycles, scooters, rollerskates, better emergency services who
       | don't have to deal with ugly traffic.
       | 
       | Our world do not need one car for everyone.
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | "Our world do not need one car for everyone."
         | 
         | Where you live.
         | 
         | Where I live, it's not unreasonable for everyone to need a
         | couple of vehicles each depending on what they're doing.
        
       | TheLoafOfBread wrote:
       | Self driving cars are slowly degenerating from intelligent
       | autonomous machines to just another version of train - see
       | sensors in a road/signs, special lanes, etc.
       | 
       | If they can't drive on existing roads together with human
       | drivers, then they are utterly pointless.
        
       | insanitybit wrote:
       | > It all sounds great until you encounter an actual robo-taxi in
       | the wild. Which is rare:
       | 
       | I see them all the time. They work fine.
        
       | yohann305 wrote:
       | Have you noticed that lately there has been a symphony of media
       | news to bash everything related to green energy, including EVs,
       | self driving cars, batteries and so on?
       | 
       | It feels like we are getting brainstormed to induce us to remove
       | investments in this sector so that others can get in at a much
       | lower entry point.
       | 
       | Is it just in my head?
        
         | flohofwoe wrote:
         | What does self-driving have to do with any of the other things
         | though? Whether there's a human behind the wheel of an EV or an
         | algorithm doesn't make any difference for climate change. If
         | anything, the money wasted on self-driving could have gone into
         | more pragmatic goals.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | Fewer people owning cars and instead hailing from a shared
           | pool of autonomous EVs as needed sounds like a solid
           | improvement over the current situation.
        
             | flohofwoe wrote:
             | Car sharing is already a thing without self-driving, yet
             | people still seem to prefer their own car. That all sounds
             | to me a bit too much like the 50's flying car utopia.
        
               | kitsunesoba wrote:
               | I think the big difference is convenience. Car sharing as
               | it exists requires prior planning/coordination, you can't
               | just grab one on a whim. That's enough friction that a
               | lot of people would prefer to own a car instead,
               | especially when you consider that a huge part of the
               | appeal of a car is agency and freedom -- no need to
               | operate on anybody else's time tables or predefined
               | stops, just step out and go wherever you please. The
               | closest we have to autonomous hailing is Uber/Lyft, but
               | that becomes prohibitively expensive, not to mention
               | there's places Uber drivers won't want to pick you up
               | from or take you to.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, I'm a big fan of public
               | transportation )lived in Japan for a while and loved the
               | trains) and think it should be greatly expanded, but
               | driving in the US isn't going away any time soon and so
               | alongside efforts to improve public transportation,
               | efforts should also go into autonomous driving to try to
               | take even more cars off the road. Ideally the bulk of
               | commuters and errandrunners would be using rail, with the
               | second largest group using autonomous car sharing, and
               | the last and by far smallest group still owning their
               | cars.
        
       | deng wrote:
       | I must say, the linked video in the article to the rogue Waymo
       | car is like a hilarious Black Mirror episode:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdKCQKBvH-A
        
       | hasmanean wrote:
       | Self driving trains would be far more achievable and
       | practical...more tiny engines and smaller cars means latency and
       | switching delays would go down. I don't think it even needs much
       | technology.
        
         | micwag wrote:
         | There are already many self driving trains operating around the
         | world:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automated_train_system...
        
         | MrDresden wrote:
         | > "more tiny engines and smaller cars means latency and
         | switching delays would go down."
         | 
         | Thorougly disagree.
         | 
         | The whole reason why trains are so efficient is due to their
         | ability to haul so much weight in one go without practically
         | any other traffic being in the way. Train track infrastructure
         | could not handle multiple mini trains without more track which,
         | as we know from the excessive road construction for car
         | traffice, does not solve the congestion issue.
        
           | hasmanean wrote:
           | Yeah, efficiency for a train means cargo divided by the cost
           | of the driver and the costs of the locomotive.
           | 
           | Take the driver out of the equation, and suddenly making the
           | train longer doesn't provide any savings. You might as well
           | switch to smaller and cheaper engines and divide one train
           | into 10.
           | 
           | There are a lot of variables that affect efficiency but new
           | technology alters the landscape. Self driving public transit
           | is one such thing. Would you rather be on a bus with one
           | driver or a self driving taxi that costs the same?
        
       | satisfice wrote:
       | There is no good reason for self-driving cars. This is not a
       | problem that anyone has been clamoring to solve. Human-caused
       | death by driving is a small problem (quoting statistics does not
       | in any way make it into a big problem, nor do the people who
       | quote those statistics compare them with statistics about how
       | much safer robot drivers are, because no reliable statistics
       | exist).
       | 
       | If you think that deaths and injuries are intrinsically bad, then
       | look at the stats for injuries while skateboarding
       | (https://skateboardsafety.org/injury-statistics/). Surely you
       | think something must be done about that, right? But we don't
       | care, because the FACT of injury is not the important thing. The
       | important thing is fairness; reasonableness; agency. People on
       | skateboards and who do other dangerous things are choosing to
       | risk themselves and we think that's okay.
       | 
       | Human-caused accidents are considered by society (that's you and
       | me) to be acceptable because we have agreed to the bargain. This
       | is not so with robotic drivers. I have NOT CONSENTED to share the
       | road with robot drivers because they are not bound by the same
       | social bargain-- their real drivers are programmers, who risk
       | nothing. Uber was not charged at all in the killing of that
       | pedestrian in Arizona. Only the human safety driver was, who
       | rashly had bought into the supposed safety of self-driving cars.
       | 
       | I don't want to ride in a box where no one takes responsibility
       | in case of disaster. EVEN IF, there are fewer accidents. This is
       | the key point: AI stands for "Automated Irresponsibility" or
       | "Agency Interrupted." Irresponsibility is the bigger problem; or
       | loss of agency.
       | 
       | If you truly, madly believe that mere numbers are the crux of
       | morality, then consider. If you save 10 people from drowning in
       | your boat, is it okay for you to pull out a gun and shoot one of
       | them in the head before returning to shore? You will still have
       | saved 9 people. You're a hero, right? Obviously, this is not
       | okay-- because HOW one dies matters. Responsibiliy and agency
       | matter.
        
       | neximo64 wrote:
       | They wont go anywhere until theres a legal way for the company
       | making the tech to shift liability to drivers for the odd chance
       | it'll crash. That's the issue, that needs to be solved more.
        
       | k5hp wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/sMhUt
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | It seems like some metrics and well named domains might help with
       | this. There are different levels of driving challenge and self
       | driving cars can handle some of the most basic challenges
       | already. Cars are used for all kinds of tasks in all kinds of
       | places, but currently self driving cars are making a significant
       | impact on taxi services in some big cities. All of that is
       | limited and should be noted as such, but having mastered many of
       | the basics and now offering taxi service in many areas it is
       | clear that self driving cars have made and continue to make
       | progress which is very different from the "going nowhere" this
       | clickbait article claims.
        
       | tech2globeweb wrote:
        
         | SteveNuts wrote:
        
       | seshagiric wrote:
       | Is it a data problem? If you have data modeling every nook and
       | corner of the world and every possible combination of human,
       | objects, roads and traffic/ weather conditions, then the AI can
       | learn. If not, it keeps getting confused, will enter private
       | driveways or get bamboozled by traffic cones. Till then it will
       | be an iterative process where the AV companies will keep learning
       | from incidents like those described in the article.
       | 
       | On the other hand, I do think the biggest impact of AV will be in
       | controlled environments like the mine dump trucks in the article
       | or the relatively easier long-distance highway only trucks (AV
       | trucks haul till city outskirts, human drivers supply into
       | cities).
        
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