[HN Gopher] Claims AI can boost workplace diversity are 'spuriou...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Claims AI can boost workplace diversity are 'spurious and
       dangerous'
        
       Author : laurex
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2022-10-14 14:00 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cam.ac.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cam.ac.uk)
        
       | tomp wrote:
       | _> "researchers from Cambridge's Centre for Gender Studies"_
       | 
       | Are we sure we want to listen to scam artists?
       | 
       | These _DIE industry_ professionals have been promoting and
       | selling programs that  "boost diversity" for a decade now and
       | have approximately nothing to show for (aside from actual racism
       | a.k.a. "affirmative action" that disadvantages Asians (in the US)
       | / poor Eastern Europeans (in the UK) far more than whites/locals)
        
       | sublimefire wrote:
       | Was covered in Register as well
       | https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/13/ai_recruitment_softwa...
       | if you feel the need for a bit more sarcasm and some interesting
       | comments :)
        
       | not2b wrote:
       | It's more likely to work the other way around. Suppose you train
       | your system to try to match human hiring decisions, and some of
       | your hiring managers have an unconscious bias against members of
       | group X, enough to make a small difference in probability of
       | hiring. Training the model will probably find that bias, and the
       | effect may be that belonging to group X, alone, will have a
       | negative weight in the model. So unconscious biases may become
       | explicit.
       | 
       | There are ways around this: test the model by presenting
       | credentials that are identical except for (is in group X) vs (is
       | in group Y) and looking for major discrepancies.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | throwaway4993 wrote:
       | This sort of thing needs more advertising and more noise. People
       | really need to grasp that AI gets biased based on the training
       | sets you provide. You can't just blindly trust the results.
        
       | lm28469 wrote:
       | I can't believe people are building such dystopic tech thinking
       | they're doing something good
       | 
       | > it cancels out human biases
       | 
       | Just put us in a matrix style pod and let bots manage the world
       | already, that's the only way you'll get rid of human biases
        
         | testfoobar wrote:
         | It seems to be heading down a purely non-sensical direction. I
         | am waiting for us to be told that who we find attractive is
         | biased. So our dating/mating pools should be restricted to
         | correct this embedded bias.
        
           | verisimilitudes wrote:
           | White people who don't want to date black people and lesbians
           | who don't want to have sex with transsexuals already suffer
           | this.
        
       | slavboj wrote:
       | You don't need "AI" to deploy the cutting edge "hire the black
       | fella" algorithm.
        
       | jdmtheNth wrote:
       | Just identify the AI as your obligatory diversity if questioned.
        
       | dangerwill wrote:
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | 73% of Americans oppose affirmative action
         | https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/25/most-americ...
         | 
         | In 2020, CA voters (the most liberal state in the country)
         | voted down a proposal to allow affirmative action by a 15 point
         | margin.
         | https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_16,_Repeal_Pr...
         | 
         | Opposing racial discrimination is moderate. You are, in fact,
         | very much in the minority here.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Hire everyone you want, just don't use a shady """AI""" to tell
         | you who to hire.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | spoonjim wrote:
       | Is anyone in power going to come out and say that it's very
       | obvious that you don't need workplace diversity? Silicon Valley
       | created trillions of dollars of wealth in just a few decades and
       | it was staffed with 90% white, Indian, and East Asian men.
        
         | whoooooo123 wrote:
         | Ask James Damore how well that went for him.
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | Hire the most capable people for the job, period.
         | 
         | I sympathize a bit with things like Affirmative Action, but at
         | the end of the day, a person (disregarding gender, physical
         | condition, race, etc...) who _earned_ it doesn 't deserve to be
         | displaced by others who didn't.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | That's not really the point. Any individual person will have
         | their own biases and shortsightednesses, and basic assumptions
         | about the world. People with similar backgrounds will tend to
         | have similar biases.
        
         | automatic6131 wrote:
         | >Silicon Valley created trillions of dollars of wealth
         | 
         | Lol. Lmao even. It's bizarre, because you could have said
         | "trillions of dollars" and been completely correct.
        
         | neon_electro wrote:
         | Sure, you don't need workplace diversity to be insanely
         | profitable. Do you think that's why folks are looking to add
         | diversity to the workplace?
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | That's the argument that they make, duplicitously.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | A. Created trillions of dollars of wealth doing _what_? Because
         | it seems like Silicon Valley is well on its way to being the
         | new  "big tobacco" with the level of surveillance and
         | advertising that has been normalized.
         | 
         | B. There's no way to know whether a more diverse Silicon Valley
         | would have created $trillions + X dollars. Saying something was
         | successful doesn't tell you anything about whether the
         | alternative would have been _more_ successful or not.
         | 
         | C. Wealth creation is a shitty metric. Ideally, all economic
         | activity serves some purpose that makes actual people's lives
         | better. This is why breaking windows to stimulate economic
         | activity is considered a fallacy[1]. This is somewhat related
         | to A, but saying "wealth was created so everything must be ok"
         | is not very convincing.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_broken_window
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | The problem with B. is that there are infinitely many
           | alternatives.
           | 
           | Perhaps Silicon Valley would be even better off if all the
           | developers had pet llamas at their disposal. But there is no
           | llama industry that would lobby for that.
        
           | hbrn wrote:
           | > Wealth creation is a shitty metric. Ideally, all economic
           | activity serves some purpose that makes actual people's lives
           | better
           | 
           | Shitty compared to what? Wealth does correlate with better
           | life and is fairly easy to measure.
           | 
           | Do you a specific "actual people's lives better" metric in
           | mind?
        
             | tenebrisalietum wrote:
             | If you go from 0 to $10T dollars in the span of 5 years,
             | but are now 25 and soon to die of cancer due to pollution
             | caused by generating that $10T, your wealth as well as the
             | effort to gain it was fairly useless.
        
               | hbrn wrote:
               | This proves that wealth as a metric is imperfect (like
               | any other metric), especially if we are ignoring all
               | other metrics (we're not). In no way it indicates that
               | wealth is _useless_.
               | 
               | Still waiting to hear which metric is more useful. It
               | looks like you brought up life expectancy, but it does
               | correlate with wealth. Unlike wealth, it's is extremely
               | hard to measure due to enormous lag.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Sure, Silicon Valley could have been MORE successful. But
           | it's a bit like telling LeBron James that he might have been
           | better at basketball if he had eaten more protein in his
           | breakfasts. It's like, really? I'm happy with being really
           | fucking good. I don't need to change up anything.
        
         | avereveard wrote:
         | > white, Indian, and East Asian
         | 
         | idk that sounds like diversity
        
       | sbf501 wrote:
       | This sounds like the start of a chapter in "Weapons of Math
       | Destruction", but the "and then this bad unforeseen consequence
       | occurred" half of the chapter is waiting to be written.
       | 
       | I agree that AI "could" help remove bias, not to beat a dead
       | horse, but it is subject to its own training bias. Maybe I'm
       | stuck in 2018 NN models, and newer model authors and trainers are
       | far more aware of that. But this seems like an extremely risky
       | place to put AI.
       | 
       | Not to be glib, but IMHO the biggest obstacle to diversity in the
       | workplace is people who think "diversity in the workplace" is
       | some kind of ideological conspiracy that is out to undermine them
       | personally.
        
         | Manuel_D wrote:
         | My previous workplaces straight up reserved headcount for
         | "diverse" candidates. In other words, we prohibited white and
         | Asian men from a segment of our available headcount.
         | 
         | There is no singular type of diversity initiative. Perhaps
         | there are some that implement blind hiring to eliminate bias,
         | or other methods of increasing diversity by eliminating bias.
         | But I've never encountered one, in my experience there all just
         | good old fashioned discriminatory hiring practices once you get
         | past the effusive language.
        
         | kypro wrote:
         | > "diversity in the workplace" is some kind of ideological
         | conspiracy that is out to undermine them personally.
         | 
         | It doesn't have to be a conspiracy to be unfair. At my place
         | the leadership team spend about 30 minutes every week
         | complaining about the number of old white people who work at
         | the company. I'm not saying this is true of all companies, but
         | I think the issue is often that leadership pushes diversity in
         | such a way that makes people feel excluded.
        
       | boredumb wrote:
       | GPT3 seems to disagree.
       | 
       | can AI boost workplace diversity?
       | 
       | `Yes, AI can boost workplace diversity in a number of ways. For
       | example, AI can help identify unconscious bias in hiring
       | practices, help managers develop more diverse teams, and support
       | employees in feeling comfortable and included at work.`
        
       | mjhay wrote:
       | Amazon started using such a system a while back trained on their
       | hiring data, and it started very heavily selecting against
       | applications with female-indicating proxies, and was abandoned.
       | 
       | In another case,
       | 
       |  _After an audit of the algorithm, the resume screening company
       | found that the algorithm found two factors to be most indicative
       | of job performance: their name was Jared, and whether they played
       | high school lacrosse_
       | 
       | which reads like a comical stereotype of a young male New England
       | WASP; honestly kind of impressive.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | In general, if you are a machine learning person and you are
         | using a regression system that "explains" itself somehow, I
         | highly recommend frequently looking at those explanations. Once
         | you're excited that you've built a 90%+ model, crack open the
         | hood of that model before you deploy it and do a sanity check
         | on it. While ML algorithms can occasionally pluck some
         | interesting insights out of the data, in my admittedly-limited
         | experience I've also seen some models put together out of what
         | is clearly just garbage, meaningless weights placed on
         | attributes that can't possibly be _that_ relevant carving out a
         | hyperplane through hyperspace that can 't possibly represent
         | reality, despite all the efforts of ML models to hold out
         | validation data and rotate their validation data and everything
         | else to avoid overfitting.
        
           | mjhay wrote:
           | Once these systems get complicated enough, it gets really
           | hard to do that. Unless you are doing linear models or tree
           | ensembles, it can be really difficult to get a clear picture
           | of variable importance/effects. It's one thing to extrapolate
           | locally (fine for linear models), but that has little to do
           | with anything relevant when there's lots of higher-order
           | interactions.
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | "Once these systems get complicated enough, it gets really
             | hard to do that."
             | 
             | That's why I qualified it. Obviously if you're working in
             | neural nets, you're not going to be cracking open that
             | hood. But one of the dirty secrets of ML is you don't
             | always need those techniques. There's the space of problems
             | where linear regression and similar techniques are all you
             | need, there's the class of problems where it doesn't matter
             | what you throw at it you're not getting anything, and the
             | "in between" where deep learning and such helps certainly
             | has some _interesting_ problems in the space, but it isn 't
             | necessarily the majority of problems you encounter in the
             | wild.
             | 
             | The scary thing is that not being able to crack open the
             | hood doesn't mean the model isn't complete nonsense. It
             | just means you can't examine it.
        
             | RodgerTheGreat wrote:
             | What is a safer assumption?
             | 
             | - My model is accurate, for reasons I can't understand,
             | verify, or externally justify
             | 
             | - My model is not accurate
             | 
             | edit: to be more clear on my stance, if a modeling
             | technique is too difficult to justify or explain, it is not
             | a good technique and should not be used, even if the
             | results seem appealing.
        
               | mjhay wrote:
               | The second one. It's important to have a clear picture of
               | biases and how your model could fail to generalize. In
               | the case of social data from a deeply biased society,
               | these issues can be seen a mile away.
        
         | tyho wrote:
         | The thing is, this is a laughable anecdote because clearly
         | there is no causal relationship between lacrosse and job
         | performance. But should a company care? Surely what matters
         | most is whether a factor is predictive of job performance. We
         | can assume that playing lacrosse was predictive, does it matter
         | to Amazon if the relationship is causal?
         | 
         | Obviously this doesn't take into account political pressures to
         | achieve outcomes other than that hiring the candidate most
         | likely to perform well.
        
           | mjhay wrote:
           | Selecting for lacrosse players (which as you say, has no
           | causal relationship to job performance) necessarily selects
           | against non-lacrosse players. Lacrosse players tend to be
           | white and male,
           | 
           | Amazon should care, due not only to obvious legal risk, but
           | also because they are excluding candidates who otherwise do
           | as well or better than a particular lacrosse player. Why
           | would it make any kind of sense to artificially shrink their
           | candidate pool?
           | 
           | This is also a moral thing, not just a political thing. It's
           | not right to discriminate against people for reasons other
           | than job performance.
        
             | commandlinefan wrote:
             | > excluding candidates who otherwise do as well
             | 
             | But the explicit, stated goal of diversity efforts is
             | specifically to exclude candidates who otherwise might do
             | well, but are not diverse, because non-diverse teams can't
             | perform as well as diverse teams.
        
             | hbrn wrote:
             | Playing devil's advocate here:
             | 
             | > Lacrosse players tend to be white and male
             | 
             | I suspect they also tend to attend certain schools, and
             | that could very well be causal.
             | 
             | > Why would it make any kind of sense to artificially
             | shrink their candidate pool?
             | 
             | It doesn't make sense to shrink it if you have 10
             | candidates. But if you have thousands of resumes, it's not
             | shrinking, it's filtering.
             | 
             | > It's not right to
             | 
             | It's naive to expect big corporations to act morally. Best
             | you can do is force them to act legally.
        
           | Veuxdo wrote:
           | Over-fitting.
        
             | commandlinefan wrote:
             | overfitting is a pretty well-understood and well-documented
             | problem that we have statistical models to guard against -
             | if this was just a simple case of overfitting, you'd think
             | that Amazon of all organizations would be able to confirm
             | and correct it.
        
           | MichaelCollins wrote:
           | There is a positive correlation between athletic ability and
           | intellectual ability; strong bodies and strong minds
           | correlate with each other (both are downstream of good
           | nutrition and genetics.) Furthermore successful participation
           | in team sports implies good teamwork and social skills.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | > We can assume that playing lacrosse was predictive.
           | 
           | I am not going to assume that without further investigation.
           | I am rather skeptical of the robustness of predictive models
           | in the absence of relevant causal relationships.
        
           | mjburgess wrote:
           | There's several ways of something not being causal. You're
           | assuming here that there's a reliable proxy variable (eg.,
           | wealth -> good education -> "Jared") -- which is unlikely to
           | be the case. These proxies will disappear: poorer people will
           | adopt those baby names.
           | 
           | Whilst, yes, _everything else being equal_ some non-zero
           | knowledge of reliable proxies is useful. But in a hiring
           | process, not everything is equal. You can, eg., trivially
           | examine the candidate.
           | 
           | its trivial to get actually relevant data to hiring, making
           | "AI" dangerously useless. Is substitutes a high-quality
           | process (measurements of the actual applicants) for a low-
           | quality process (random statistical properties of aggregates
           | of existing employees).
           | 
           | The story of "AI" over the last decade, it must be said.
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | > clearly there is no causal relationship between lacrosse
           | and job performance
           | 
           | IMO it could have an effect on "soft skills". Learning to
           | have an authority push you to beyond your known limits.
           | Working and training within a team to achieve a goal.
           | Learning as a team to face and overcome weaknesses. Social
           | skills that go with it. Humility from dealing with loss.
           | Learning to celebrate victory with dignity.
           | 
           | There's a lot of educational positives that come from team
           | sports. It's certainly not the only place that a person can
           | get those skills, but it's a very common one.
           | 
           | IMO it's one of the biggest benefits of US football simply
           | because the teams are so large, diverse and position groups
           | have different but complimentary jobs.
        
             | pseudalopex wrote:
             | Does lacrosse teach those things better than other team
             | sports?
        
             | csydas wrote:
             | I understand your point, but I disagree with it.
             | 
             | Just like there are different versions of "good" leaders
             | and "good" workers in any given field, there are different
             | types of "good" in sports.
             | 
             | Similarly, sports has a much more straight-forward rewards
             | system; score a point, prevent the opponent from scoring,
             | immediate result and reward.
             | 
             | For anything technology related, the action => reward
             | system tends to be far more delayed and requires a
             | different approach and type of patience. Whether it's
             | Devops, Programming, Administration, or Support, even if
             | you do everything right, the reward might be delayed or
             | sullied by negative rewards. (e.g., network is never fast
             | enough for users, it's still too complex to use your
             | program, the solution is just not desired by the user)
             | 
             | Again I do understand the premise of your statement, and
             | for some situations I can agree there is crossover, but my
             | experience in hiring for technical positions is that sports
             | participation has been a non-factor at best. Too often,
             | it's been a negative one because the rewards for technology
             | related challenges tend to be very delayed or difficult for
             | the participant to recognize. Success in Technology is very
             | personal and goes beyond the tangible result, and instead
             | is a victory of the self as you grow intellectually and
             | better understand something. This does happen in sports
             | also (you train yourself to recognize openings that maybe
             | didn't exist for you before or you couldn't act on due to
             | physical limitations), but there are other rewards that
             | make sports more compelling.
        
             | golemiprague wrote:
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | > clearly there is no causal relationship between lacrosse
           | and job performance
           | 
           | There's almost certainly a correlation due to success in
           | lacrosse having a lot of crossover with success generally. A
           | young man who plays lacrosse is probably going to be
           | physically healthier than average. It's also a very upper
           | middle class sport, typically played by wealthier types. And
           | children who grew up in wealthier households tend to be ...
           | well, better at everything, really. Hockey is a great
           | indicator of that here in Canada; the equipment is expensive.
           | 
           | I wouldn't be surprised if it's causative, either. Sports may
           | improve cognitive performance, and they tend to teach
           | cooperation and leadership. Plenty of studies suggest it
           | helps academics.
           | 
           | If I felt free to discriminate and if I knew nothing else
           | about a candidate other than whether they had played a
           | physically-demanding and expensive team sport within the last
           | year, I would hire the ones who had over the ones who had
           | not. It'd skew heavily towards fit 20-40 something guys from
           | middle-class backgrounds with college educations. Surprise!
           | Probably what the algorithm picked up, indirectly. Of course,
           | it also blatantly skews white, male, and economically elite.
        
             | pfisherman wrote:
             | I can't tell whether or not this is satire. Either way,
             | this is utterly ridiculous.
             | 
             | Now only hiring people from OxCam + Ivy + Stanford --
             | that's the big brain move.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | Not satire. Why do you consider it ridiculous?
        
               | pfisherman wrote:
               | Because it has about the same level of class and
               | intellectual rigor as "hire a Jew because they are good
               | with money" or "hire a chinaman because they are good
               | with numbers".
               | 
               | Also not a lot of white guys named Jared playing lacrosse
               | at Oxford or Cambridge (or Peking University).
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | If I knew nothing other than whether someone was Jewish
               | or not, and if I felt free to discriminate, I would, of
               | course, hire the Jewish person. On average they do better
               | than typical Americans across the board. In reality, I
               | don't feel free to discriminate. So it's a problem if I
               | know that a candidate is Jewish, because I'm clearly
               | biased and working off a stereotype there. So is the AI.
               | Maybe that helps clarify the domain my thought experiment
               | was operating in.
        
               | commandlinefan wrote:
               | The promise of AI is that it will be able to find
               | associations and figure out things that humans normally
               | wouldn't - so the AI is now finding associations and
               | figuring out things that humans previously didn't notice,
               | and we're dismissing it.
        
               | pfisherman wrote:
               | Are any of these previously unnoticed associations? I
               | think the problem here is that they are not typically
               | informative or predictive of "success" -- whatever that
               | means here. I don't need a model that is essentially a
               | shitty heuristic (or collection of them) because I can
               | get that for free - ex. "we only recruit / hire from the
               | ivys".
        
             | BlargMcLarg wrote:
             | That's great, but you're still making assumptions. And
             | that's the whole problem with diversity and anti-diversity
             | both.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | It's not an assumption that sports is associated with
               | general success and intelligence. I felt it was well-
               | established enough of a fact, that there's no need to
               | link to studies showing that. It's even the basis for
               | public policy in my country; we do sports-based
               | interventions for troubled youth; such programs are one
               | of the few things that seem to actually work to keep
               | young men going to school and improve academics.
               | 
               | Now if you mean I'm making an assumption about a
               | candidate, based on nothing more than one weak indicator,
               | well yes. That was the point of my thought experiment. If
               | you only knew whether they played sports, while not a
               | very good indicator, it's better than flipping a coin.
               | Ultimately, that's what hiring is. You have some
               | indicators like education and previous work experience,
               | and you make an assumption based on those facts, none of
               | which align 100% with how they're going to perform at the
               | job you're hiring them for.
        
               | lelanthran wrote:
               | > It's not an assumption that sports is associated with
               | general success and intelligence.
               | 
               | No, it isn't. The "dumb jock" trope is widely known for a
               | reason.
               | 
               | Healthy body is associated with intelligence, and for
               | good reason.
        
               | BlargMcLarg wrote:
               | >Now if you mean I'm making an assumption about a
               | candidate
               | 
               | That was even more obvious than the sports and cognition
               | fact.
               | 
               | Here's the thing: you're doing the exact thing that
               | caused the problem in the first place. Creating thought
               | experiments and narrating them at length regarding
               | scenarios which are a rarity, given a problem which
               | occurs frequently, in an environment with thousands of
               | other variables.
               | 
               | In a world where we do in fact have better indicators
               | which are still not used, despite being well researched.
               | We have plenty of options remaining before we need to be
               | this nitpicky.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | It's hard to imagine an indicator that wouldn't be
               | closely correlated with family wealth and social status.
               | Wealth and social status are the primary means to access
               | the things that make a person more likely to be
               | successful! Almost any indicator you pick will end up
               | being a proxy for those, to some degree.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | MisterBastahrd wrote:
           | Here's a sport that is analogous to lacrosse in terms of
           | racial makeup and financial demographics: golf.
           | 
           | See the correlation now?
           | 
           | Except that in golf's case, you usually see golf played
           | around the country by rich white guys. Lacrosse is pretty
           | much a northeastern thing, and when it's played elsewhere,
           | it's normally at schools with the resources to host those
           | clubs.
        
           | randcraw wrote:
           | If a vendor can't recognize extreme overfitting in their
           | product, don't buy it.
        
           | throw__away7391 wrote:
           | Well obviously the solution here is to set aside a few
           | million dollars a year of public money to send a dozen
           | randomly selected children from low income households and
           | disadvantaged backgrounds to learn to play lacrosse.
        
           | permo-w wrote:
           | > Surely what matters most is whether a factor is predictive
           | of job performance
           | 
           | not go all critical race theory, but is this all that
           | matters? should there not be a place in society for people
           | who have lesser aptitude for corporate work?
        
             | LawTalkingGuy wrote:
             | Yes, but should that place be performing work they aren't
             | good at?
             | 
             | Look for round holes before pounding a round peg into a
             | square hole.
        
         | boredumb wrote:
         | We were only one paper away from the true revelation that
         | female lacrosse players named Jared are by far the ideal new
         | hires.
         | 
         | hold on to your papers!
        
         | bakugo wrote:
         | Ah yes, the classic "we fed a bunch of real world data to an
         | AI, said AI started finding patterns in the data and making
         | decisions based on those patterns, so we shut it down because
         | the patterns weren't politically correct" story. How many times
         | have we heard this one?
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | Are you arguing people named Jared with high school lacrosse
           | experience are the pinnacle of human achievement?
        
             | bakugo wrote:
             | I don't know about the Jared thing but I wouldn't be
             | surprised at all if a high school sport ended up being a
             | legitimate indicator of future job performance, even if not
             | a very significant one.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | I can agree that high school sports players are probably
               | hard workers, sure. Clearly, hard work is a big part of
               | doing well in life, since life has a lot of hard work
               | (some of it is fun, too). However, you can't just blindly
               | "follow the data" unless you have literally accounted for
               | _all_ of the data that is currently not collected, which
               | we don 't do because we cannot collect every metric
               | relevant to this issue.
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | The statement verbatim was
             | 
             | >the algorithm found two factors to be most indicative of
             | job performance: their name was Jared, and whether they
             | played high school lacrosse
             | 
             | That doesn't mean that the "pinnacle of human achievement"
             | necessarily is named Jared and played lacrosse in high
             | school. It means that if you hire people who meet those
             | conditions after filtering using X additional criteria, on
             | average you'll get a more performant workforce than if you
             | hire from the general population after filtering using X
             | additional criteria.
             | 
             | The algorithm found an objective truth. Given the data
             | provided and the question asked, the answer should be
             | indisputable. The only reason to reject it should be
             | because someone thinks the answer is incorrect, but that
             | means that either the algorithm is incorrect, the data is
             | incorrect, or the question was poorly phrased.
        
               | FormerBandmate wrote:
               | The algorithm found that rich white preppy kids tend to
               | perform better at a certain job, and then generalized
               | that to say that you should hire them over other
               | candidates. We don't know what that job was (for
               | something like ultra-high-net-worth wealth management,
               | that might be way more true then coding), and we don't
               | know whether the metrics of performance used are
               | applicable to anything besides how much the boss liked
               | them
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | > The algorithm found an objective truth
               | 
               | The "objective truth" for this specific data is that _out
               | of all people hired_ dudes named jared and /or lacrosse
               | players were more high achieving.
               | 
               | That is where you get it wrong: the data is reflective of
               | the bias in the current process, to remove that bias you
               | can't simply reinforce the current behaviors via AI math-
               | washing the same data.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | That's silly. That would imply that the hiring process is
               | actually very good at predicting performance, and it's
               | biased towards hiring highly performant people named
               | Jared and less performant people not named Jared, and
               | it's _not_ hiring highly performant people not named
               | Jared and less performant people named Jared.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | What are you talking about? I was saying that the biases
               | we have today in our hiring cannot be eliminated by
               | analyzing that data and hiring the same types of people
               | that are "high performance", because you'll be
               | reinforcing the biases we have, rather than eliminating
               | them.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | I've been involved in hiring since te late 80's in the IT sector.
       | The only constant that was there from the start is 'we need to
       | hire more woman', which was understandable as less than 10% of CS
       | degrees were female despite decades of positive discrimination,
       | but every university department and every cmpany wanted to be
       | perceived as 'female friendly'.
        
       | narag wrote:
       | Tell HN: RecruitME (YC 2023) chose Dr. Eliza and banned me for
       | life out of global job market because of a deepfake FB photo.
        
       | tigeba wrote:
       | The authors of the paper do make a few concrete points about the
       | problems with using AI to perform assessments on candidates. For
       | example they mentioned that an AI designed to perform a Big Five
       | assessment on a candidate might be meaningfully impacted by the
       | candidate wearing glasses or having a bunch of books in the
       | background.
       | 
       | The vast majority of the critique is that to the extent
       | anonymization works, it does not produce the outcome the authors
       | desire. They explicitly ask for group based discrimination to be
       | pre-baked into any sort of AI system to produce equity, not
       | equality.
       | 
       | "First, industry practitioners developing hiring AI technologies
       | must shift from trying to correct individualized instances of
       | "bias" to considering the broader inequalities that shape
       | recruitment processes. Pratyusha Kalluri argues that AI experts
       | should not focus on whether or not their technologies are
       | technically fair but whether they are "shifting power" towards
       | the marginalized (Kalluri, 2020). This requires aban- doning the
       | "veneer of objectivity" that is grafted onto AI systems
       | (Benjamin, 2019a, 2019b) so that technologists can better
       | understand their implication--and that of the corporations within
       | which they work--in the hiring process. For example,
       | practitioners should engage with how the categories being used to
       | sort, process, and categorize candidates may have historically
       | harmed the individuals captured within them. They can then begin
       | to problematize the assumptions about "gender" and "race" they
       | are building into AI hiring tools even as they intend to strip
       | racial and gender attributes out of recruitment."
        
         | onos wrote:
         | Further, it's important to compare the outcomes here to the
         | counter factual, which must involve lots of individuals making
         | decisions that are not based on explicitly coded up rules... ie
         | rules that can be reviewed for bias and improved on
         | collectively.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | Orchestras had a male/female diversity problem until they started
       | doing "blind" auditions where you could hear the music but not
       | see the person playing the instrument. They even went so far as
       | to reschedule an interview if they could figure out the gender
       | based on something else e.g. heels clicking on the floor.
       | 
       | The outcome? More women started appearing in traditionally male
       | instruments positions e.g. the French horn which for a long time
       | was considered a "man's instrument"
       | 
       | You could do something similar in tech where one group performs
       | the coding interview under supervision (to make sure it's
       | actually the person to take the test) and another group reviews
       | experience etc but without knowing the gender of the candidate.
       | 
       | Granted, people may try to hack this system by using back
       | channels etc but I would argue it's better than nothing.
       | 
       | PS My favorite back channel approach was a college dean who have
       | the same letter for all grad school reference letters but would
       | use the student's first name for a positive reference vs last
       | name for a negative reference.
       | 
       | e.g. - "Susan is fantastic" == positive - "Miss Jones is
       | fantastic" ==
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | > You could do something similar in tech
         | 
         | Honestly... why bother though? Whatever process you put in
         | place to ensure diversity will be scrapped as a failure if it
         | doesn't produce a very specific outcome (say, 50% men and 50%
         | women). The only process that will be considered a success is
         | one that leads to a particular outcome, so why not stop with
         | the whole song and dance and just mandate the outcome and stop
         | playing games with the process to get there?
        
           | awb wrote:
           | Removing bias and increasing diversity are two different
           | goals.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | he knows that, that's what he's saying
        
               | awb wrote:
               | I don't think so. They're saying, just mandate diversity,
               | rather than trying to develop complex processes that are
               | judged on how diverse their outcomes are. Which is a fair
               | point.
               | 
               | But, the piece I think OC is missing is that another
               | worthy objective is to reduce bias, which may or may not
               | lead to diverse outcomes. So, that's why it would still
               | be worth doing something like a double-blind coding test
               | if your objective is solely to reduce bias.
               | 
               | If your objective is to boost diversity, then OC is right
               | that a double-blind coding test is a complex route to get
               | to that outcomes and that a different, more direct and
               | explicit route might be better.
        
         | haberman wrote:
         | Blind orchestra auditions are a great idea that is sadly being
         | called into question for not being progressive enough:
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/16/arts/music/blind-audition...
         | 
         | https://newmusicusa.org/nmbx/eyes-wide-shut-the-case-against...
         | 
         | There is no clearer example of the divide between equality and
         | equity, and the ways in which those two schools of thought are
         | increasingly diverging.
         | 
         | Equality: remove bias as much as possible
         | 
         | Equity: intentionally introduce bias to achieve desired
         | outcomes
        
           | 8ytecoder wrote:
           | I've been on the equity side of the fence for a long time
           | now. My conviction comes from the fact that I (as very-low-
           | but-not-poor middle class) got a chance to go to a
           | "wealthier" high school and that made all the difference in
           | my life. There's such a huge gap in confidence, persuasion,
           | and even believing in what one can realistically achieve
           | based on who you are surrounded with.
           | 
           | My college on the other hand had a mix of students from all
           | sorts of backgrounds and that's where I first hand saw the
           | huge difference this makes. Even those with good grades came
           | across as extremely lacking in confidence. A variety of other
           | factors then adds up to completely mask their talent.
           | 
           | And because there's not a single interview (at least in our
           | industry) that doesn't look at your communication and other
           | soft skills, these students mostly hung back and didn't get
           | the same internship or jobs that I could get. And I was in
           | the exact same social background as them.
           | 
           | These differences are now extremely huge after about a decade
           | and a half. That's why I'm convinced that comparing two
           | people works well only when the platform they are operating
           | on is comparable as well. Otherwise, you are not-quite-but-
           | close-to comparing just the platforms/social strata.
        
             | prottog wrote:
             | I'm happy that the story played out well for you. Did you
             | get that chance to go to the "wealthier" school from a
             | process borne of equity, or one of equality? I'd imagine
             | the latter is something like, you tested into and maybe got
             | a scholarship for the school regardless of the means of
             | your family, and the former something like, you were
             | accepted into and maybe got a scholarship for the school
             | regardless of your test score based on some immutable
             | characteristic of your family.
             | 
             | One of the core tenets of classical liberal thought is that
             | children should not bear the sins of their fathers, and I
             | think from that stems a lot of support for public schools
             | acting as an equalizer between children of higher-achieving
             | and lower-achieving parents; because whether on the
             | equality side or the equity side, most people agree that
             | being born to a poor family, or one that does not value
             | education, should not determine the entire path of your
             | life, start to finish.
             | 
             | But your view seems too pessimistic; from your belief that
             | two people cannot be compared unless they are coming from
             | an equal footing, it stands to reason that you also believe
             | that there are basically no individual differences, only
             | group differences. And that individual effort matters
             | little in light of their background.
             | 
             | Should we hire as a salesperson someone who lacks
             | confidence and interpersonal skills, or a mason someone who
             | is physically weak? Sure, nobody chooses to have a stammer
             | or be asthmatic as a child, and those differences do
             | compound over time and you end up with someone who finds it
             | hard to make a sale or lift a concrete block. And I believe
             | in giving people a chance. But at some point, individual
             | efforts should matter.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | commandlinefan wrote:
             | > I've been on the equity side of the fence for a long time
             | ... I got a chance to go to a "wealthier" high school
             | 
             | I've never seen an equity advocate recommend taking
             | wealthiness of high school into account when measuring
             | who's most deserving of equity, though.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | you benefited from your spot in what you describe as a
             | wealthy high school, and we read into that better teachers,
             | more extra programs, etc. (not a challenge or a criticism)
             | in general though (i.e. not in public school), taking a
             | spot in a program denies that spot to somebody else. The
             | human capacity for a sense of fairness and rooting for the
             | underdog on the one hand says "great, it's nice that it
             | happened for you!". But in the types of equity/equality
             | decisions that are being made in general, what happened to
             | the other person who didn't get the benefit you got? what
             | if she was "better qualified" or "more deserving" or "would
             | have benefited society at large more"?
        
         | schemester wrote:
         | That blind audition claim is actually pretty weak:
         | https://www.wsj.com/articles/blind-spots-in-the-blind-auditi...
        
         | Aransentin wrote:
         | The "blind orchestra auditions" story gets repeated a lot, but
         | the study it originates from did not find any statistically
         | significant effect (and even so the ultimate outcome was that
         | _men_ benefit from blind auditions, not women).
         | 
         | http://jsmp.dk/posts/2019-05-12-blindauditions/
        
           | tarboreus wrote:
           | Thank Malcolm Gladwell for that one.
        
           | ackfoobar wrote:
           | > While women have a higher proportion advanced in several
           | categories, they have a lower proportion advanced in the
           | semifinals category.
           | 
           | Do you think greater male variability (hypothesis) has to do
           | with this?
        
         | KaoruAoiShiho wrote:
         | There was literally a big discussion on this 2 days ago.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33168581
        
           | Silverback_VII wrote:
           | was Bobby Fisher right?
           | 
           | Bobby Fisher on women in 1963: https://twitter.com/olimpiuurc
           | an/status/969224340297302021?t...
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | Andrew Gelman had a good post[0] about the blind orchestra
         | auditions:
         | 
         | > I think they're talking about the estimates of 0.011 +/-
         | 0.013 and 0.006 +/- 0.013. To say that "the impact . . . is
         | about 1 percentage point" . . . that's not right. The point
         | here is not to pick on the authors for doing what everybody
         | used to do, 20 years ago, but just to emphasize that we can't
         | really trust these numbers.
         | 
         | Along the same lines, one recruiting startup did a voice
         | modulation experiment[1] to test the effects of masking gender:
         | 
         | > After running the experiment, we ended up with some rather
         | surprising results. Contrary to what we expected (and probably
         | contrary to what you expected as well!), masking gender had no
         | effect on interview performance with respect to any of the
         | scoring criteria (would advance to next round, technical
         | ability, problem solving ability). If anything, we started to
         | notice some trends in the opposite direction of what we
         | expected: for technical ability, it appeared that men who were
         | modulated to sound like women did a bit better than unmodulated
         | men and that women who were modulated to sound like men did a
         | bit worse than unmodulated women. Though these trends weren't
         | statistically significant, I am mentioning them because they
         | were unexpected and definitely something to watch for as we
         | collect more data.
         | 
         | Australia did a study[2] where they hid gender on resumes for
         | high level Australian Public Service positions:
         | 
         | > What we found is that de-identifying applications at the
         | shortlisting stage of recruitment does not appear to assist in
         | promoting diversity in hiring. In fact, in the trial we found
         | that overall, APS officers generally discriminated in favour of
         | female and minority candidates. This suggests that the APS has
         | been successful to some degree in efforts to promote awareness
         | and support for diversity among senior staff. It also means
         | that introducing de-identification of applications in such a
         | context may have the unintended consequence of decreasing the
         | number of female and minority candidates shortlisted for senior
         | APS positions, setting back efforts to promote more diversity
         | at the senior management levels in the public service.
         | 
         | [0] https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2019/05/11/did-
         | blind-...
         | 
         | [1] https://blog.interviewing.io/we-built-voice-modulation-to-
         | ma...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://behaviouraleconomics.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/...
        
         | collegeburner wrote:
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | You are telling on yourself a little here.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | not sure what you mean? my only point is if there's an
             | unconscious bias concern it's pretty hard to accurately
             | address in situations where people don't just play music.
        
               | ketzo wrote:
               | meh, the way you're talking about the things that women
               | do more comes off as pretty condescending
               | 
               | "I feel" / "maybe we should" are not weasel words, they
               | are phrases to start a conversation with an
               | acknowledgement that you're not perfect
               | 
               | "effusive praise for pedestrian situations" what does
               | this even mean, different people speak more emphatically
               | about things
               | 
               | "don't get me started on emojis" why not?
               | 
               | you're not saying anything hateful or whatever, but idk,
               | if you were having this conversation with me in real
               | life, I would come away with the impression that you do
               | not take women very seriously
        
           | Manuel_D wrote:
           | > i noticed it was really easy for me to pick out that the
           | one masked example was not a normal man, i'd have guessed
           | either gay male or varbie gone too far.
           | 
           | Perhaps that was because the article clearly labeled which
           | one was the original woman's voice and which one was
           | modulated to sound like a man? There's an easy way to test
           | this: gave the interviewer guess the candidate's gender and
           | see if they can guess consistently correct.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | that's true but if you listen to the two samples it's very
             | clear the voice is not a typical man. but agreed it would
             | help to do a blind test and see if people could pick them
             | out.
        
           | UncleMeat wrote:
           | "normal man" vs "gay male" is a bit worrisome here.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | i mean "average man". the modulated example sounded a lot
             | like the stereotypical "gay voice", how is that observation
             | worrisome? since that voice is intentionally not like a
             | regular man i don't see how it's problematic.
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | Stereotypical gay voice is unintentional mostly and not
               | reliable to predict sexual orientation.[1] Typical is the
               | most neutral word for what you meant probably.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/07/2
               | 8/what-...
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Gay people are normal.
        
               | erenyeager wrote:
               | What definition of normal do you operate on? Surely it's
               | a minority of people, compared to the number of people
               | who do not identify as gay. In sociology this is called
               | social deviance, a feature of human variation
        
               | pseudalopex wrote:
               | Men are a minority of people. Being gay is more common
               | than having green eyes. Social norms where most HN
               | commenters live allow both. Social deviance means
               | breaking social norms not being in a minority.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | sure, not disputing that, i was using it as a synonym for
               | "typical" or "common". that's a pretty common use of the
               | word btw, google says it means "conforming to a standard;
               | usual, typical, or expected"
               | 
               | i also wasn't talking about gay people in general, only
               | gay people who use the stereotypical voice which is a
               | pretty small fraction of them. i think you're reading too
               | much into nitpicking that word instead of the other three
               | paragraphs.
        
             | PhasmaFelis wrote:
             | Yeah, and apparently "varbie" means "steroid-abusing female
             | bodybuilder," so...yikes.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | i mean if you listen to some of them that's the voice:
               | woman's tone and inflection but pitched down closer to a
               | man due to the effects of heavy androgen exposure. how's
               | that "yikes"? the point is the modulated woman still
               | sounded like a woman because there's more than pitch that
               | sets mens/womens voices apart.
        
           | JasonFruit wrote:
           | I notice a lot of detracting responses here, but most aren't
           | saying, "You're wrong." They're saying, "It's wrong of you to
           | express these things unambiguously." Why is it that we let
           | the urge to pretend gender and sexuality aren't real prevent
           | us from addressing the problems we have with those matters?
           | It's not an adult way to act.
        
           | moosedev wrote:
           | > if someone uses a woman emoji she is definitely a woman
           | unless there's a specific reason to do so.
           | 
           | I'm a man, and I sometimes use woman emojis because I like
           | the look, or because it's fun. Do either of those count as "a
           | specific reason to do so" in your framing? If not, consider
           | how well your observations actually generalize to the world,
           | and thus the universality of your statements.
        
         | TazeTSchnitzel wrote:
         | I think playing an instrument is easier to do this kind of
         | interviewing for than software development. The latter is
         | mostly about communication, whether it be by speech or writing.
         | Those are things in which gendered signals are found all over
         | the place.
        
           | sam0x17 wrote:
           | I would say it's actually the opposite. Most comms in
           | software engineering is async/textual, and the work we
           | produce is also textual. The takeaway here for me is maybe
           | there is something to be said for doing an all-text
           | interview.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Textual communication is inefficient in many collaborative
             | scenarios. Humans speak faster than type.
        
               | sam0x17 wrote:
               | I find that verbal communication is often very
               | inefficient in engineering scenarios. There is a reason
               | RFCs are not done verbally.
        
               | jason-phillips wrote:
               | And yet my brain functions at least 100x faster than I
               | can speak, leaving me to unsnarl the proverbial traffic
               | jam in my head as the rate at which speech can
               | communicate ideas lags behind the vast decision trees
               | quickly generated in my thoughts.
               | 
               | It's much more effective for me to write something that's
               | both clear and persuasive than trying to express the same
               | idea with synchronous, expository speech. For full
               | disclosure, I was trained as a writer.
               | 
               | Whenever the interview process includes a writing
               | component, I invariably ace them. I'm a software
               | engineer.
        
           | whoooooo123 wrote:
           | Also, if I want to know how good someone is at playing a
           | musical instrument, I can usually get a good idea from just a
           | few minutes or even seconds of hearing them play. There's no
           | similarly fast way to judge how well someone will perform in
           | a programming job. (Or at least if there was, hiring would be
           | a _lot_ easier.)
        
       | PolygonSheep wrote:
       | My question is why get so fancy? Why not just use a racial/gender
       | quota system? Just say "we want X% from demographics A, B, and C"
       | and then hire the best you can from those groups and call it a
       | day?
       | 
       | That way you can just dial in the exact amount and types of
       | diversity you want.
        
         | LawTalkingGuy wrote:
         | Because that sort of hiring produces less-qualified diversity
         | hires. If you're running a for-profit business you're better
         | off hiring from the largest pool possible.
         | 
         | If you want to avoid the less-qualified you can either try
         | harder to hire better, which is slow and expensive, or you can
         | offer more, which is expensive but works.
         | 
         | Hiring without regard for quality but paying the same seems
         | like it would cement racist (or at best anti-diversity)
         | feelings in the rest of the workforce and leave minorities
         | without an available sense of accomplishment.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | One real danger is that there are a lot of data points that
       | correlate with race and gender. Machine learning can become real
       | good at inferring race and gender from what would appear to
       | people to be unrelated variables but that, in fact have a small
       | correlation. In the end, it is easy to use "AI" to whitewash your
       | biases without explicitly targeting protected characteristics.
        
         | seti0Cha wrote:
         | This AI is being marketed to companies looking to improve their
         | diversity. If it acts as you expect, then they just go out of
         | business. I think the more likely scenario is that it achieves
         | the desired outcome not by eliminating bias, but by inverting
         | it, as that is more likely to result in measurable success from
         | the customer perspective.
         | 
         | My concern would really be that it ends up selecting for
         | normalness. I could easily see it biasing against the homely,
         | obese, people who struggle with mental illness, or the just
         | plain weird. Would anybody check to make sure it wouldn't fail
         | that way like they would with a more high profile bias like
         | gender? Seems unlikely to me. I imagine some would even regard
         | that as a positive feature.
        
         | peyton wrote:
         | Anything that doesn't produce the desired outcome is a
         | nonstarter. There will always be some new group to advocate
         | for. If such a group does not exist, one will be generated
         | through intersectionality.
         | 
         | That is the grift. These tools are a waste.
        
       | robswc wrote:
       | I will never forget. Some startup claimed they could find the
       | best candidates for the job using "AI." They had a whole bunch of
       | BS selling points. I think they even convinced a fair amount of
       | companies to get on board too. I was thinking "how can people be
       | so stupid!?"
       | 
       | I then found one of the "features" was that they have the
       | managers/bosses take the exam. They then offer a package that can
       | weigh candidates based on correlation to their boss. Well, that's
       | what it did. The marketing pitch was something something, view if
       | they're compatible with your culture, something something.
       | 
       | I then realized its genius. Charge a ton of money to do basic
       | linear regression and spend 90% of your money on giving your
       | clients an excuse to hire whoever they want without appearing
       | bias. They would even appear "virtuous" because they let the "AI
       | decide."
       | 
       | Just awful, lol.
       | 
       | Of course, I never got to see the internals and I don't want to
       | slander but the "test the boss, correlate with new hire" was 100%
       | real.
        
         | z_zetetic_z wrote:
         | How problematic. Not least because hiring for 'culture fit' is
         | an anti-pattern, and orgs should be hiring for 'culture add'.
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | Well, that's literally what US colleges have been doing for
         | decades. Basically outsourced IQ tests (since IQ tests during
         | the hiring process are illegal).
         | 
         | High time someone else got in on the action.
        
           | MichaelCollins wrote:
           | IQ tests during hiring are illegal _if_ that IQ test has a
           | disparate impact against a protected class. (It turns out
           | they pretty much all do, even those specifically designed not
           | to, like Raven 's Progressive Matrices:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven%27s_Progressive_Matrices)
           | 
           | A "totally not an IQ test" IQ test is safer, particularly if
           | it is bespoke, because new/obscure tests are less likely to
           | have been studied, and consequently, any forbidden trends in
           | test outcomes are less likely to be discovered.
        
             | verisimilitudes wrote:
             | How could that be, if we be all the same?
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > IQ tests during hiring are illegal if that IQ test has a
             | disparate impact against a protected class.
             | 
             | Are you sure about that?
             | 
             | That seems unreasonable and everything that I can find in 5
             | minutes of Googling suggests that they are legal-but-
             | restricted, to cases where the skill/aptitude being tested
             | is relevant to the job being hired for. (You couldn't use
             | an IQ test to hire a fry cook, as an example.)
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | Hiring practices which discriminate based on attributes
               | that would otherwise be illegal to consider may be
               | permitted if those attributes are Bona fide occupational
               | qualifications (BFOQ.) For instance, blind people can't
               | be bus drivers.
               | 
               | IQ tests are verboten after Griggs v. Duke Power Co. As
               | far as I'm aware, claiming a BFOQ exemption to this will
               | fail, or at best, is unproven. IQ tests discriminate by
               | race (even if unintentionally) and BFOQ exemptions don't
               | apply to racial discrimination. Please correct me if I'm
               | wrong.
        
               | throwaway09223 wrote:
               | This is really interesting to look at in the context of
               | other hiring testing -- like Google's practice of asking
               | silly abstract questions like "invert a binary tree" for
               | jobs which do not involve substantial algorithmic work.
               | 
               | eg: https://twitter.com/mxcl/status/608682016205344768
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | EEOC policy page:
               | https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/employment-tests-and-
               | sele...
               | 
               | The use of tests and other selection procedures can be a
               | very effective means of determining which applicants or
               | employees are most qualified for a particular job.
               | However, use of these tools can violate the federal anti-
               | discrimination laws if an employer intentionally uses
               | them to discriminate based on race, color, sex, national
               | origin, religion, disability, or age (40 or older). Use
               | of tests and other selection procedures can also violate
               | the federal anti-discrimination laws if they
               | disproportionately exclude people in a particular group
               | by race, sex, or another covered basis, _unless the
               | employer can justify the test or procedure under the
               | law._
               | 
               | That is not a categorical exclusion.
               | 
               | Department of Labor Employers' Guide to Good Practice
               | (2000, 29 years after Griggs):
               | http://assessmentresources.pbworks.com/f/empTestAsse.pdf
               | 
               | Similar language: One of the basic principles of the
               | Uniform Guidelines is that it is unlawful to use a test
               | or selection procedure that creates adverse impact,
               | _unless justified_. Adverse impact occurs when there is a
               | substantially different rate of selection in hiring,
               | promotion, or other employment decisions that work to the
               | disadvantage of members of a race, sex, or ethnic group.
        
               | lmkg wrote:
               | Your understanding is technically correct but missing
               | some nuance which is the heart of the matter. It's true
               | the use of an IQ test _can be justified_. The important
               | thing is that the use of an IQ test _must be justified_.
               | 
               | Due to the Supreme Court ruling, IQ tests are assumed to
               | have a disparate impact. They are _by default_ assumed to
               | be discriminatory unless proven otherwise. A company must
               | either prove the lack of disparate impact, or demonstrate
               | a plausible connection to work performance (beyond
               | "smart = good").
               | 
               | Most hiring practices are default OK, and a claim of
               | discrimination must be proven in court. This hiring
               | practice has already been decided in court, so it is
               | default not-OK and must be defended. That difference is
               | significant.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Indeed. They must be justified; they are not "verboten"
               | as GP claimed.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | How do IQ tests discriminate by race? This is the first
               | I've heard of it, and I don't believe it.
               | 
               | https://www.quora.com/Are-IQ-tests-racist
               | 
               | There's some great answers there that are summarized as
               | "no they are not".
               | 
               | I am guessing you mean IQ tests discriminate by race in
               | the sense that racial groups exhibit disparate outcomes
               | on the tests. According to critical race theory, all
               | disparate outcome is caused by racism, which would make
               | IQ tests racist. Critical race theory is 100% wrong, of
               | course, as are all the related intellectual disciplines
               | that make the same false and unfounded claims.
               | Unfortunately, this "invincible fallacy", as the great
               | philosopher Thomas Sowell calls it, really seems
               | invincible to facts, truth, and reality. It is a virus on
               | our culture and societal consciousness.
               | 
               | IQ tests don't discriminate by race. They discriminate by
               | IQ. That's literally the point of the test. Race has
               | nothing to do with it.
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | > _How do IQ tests discriminate by race?_
               | 
               | Like this:
               | 
               | > _I am guessing you mean IQ tests discriminate by race
               | in the sense that racial groups exhibit disparate
               | outcomes on the tests_
               | 
               | If you go to court trying to argue that your hiring and
               | promotion system isn't racially biased and it merely
               | exposed the truth of some racial groups being less
               | intelligent than others, you're going to lose. It doesn't
               | matter if you're factually correct, you're going to lose
               | anyway and you'll probably be personally ruined for even
               | attempting it.
        
             | steve76 wrote:
        
           | throwaway4993 wrote:
           | Huh? What are you referring to? Students? Faculty? I've been
           | both and haven't seen this ever. Or are you trying to claim
           | that the SAT and GRE are IQ tests?
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | The SAT and the GRE are IQ tests. They have the same
             | psychometric characteristics and reveal the same
             | information about testees. They correlate with IQ tests at
             | the same level that different IQ tests correlate with each
             | other. Results from IQ tests explain very large amounts of
             | the variance in SAT and GRE scores, and vice versa.
             | 
             | This is not a strictly necessary state of affairs - if
             | large numbers of people who knew nothing about chemistry
             | started taking the chemistry GRE, the strongest signal
             | provided by the chemistry GRE would switch from "IQ" to
             | "whether or not the person has ever studied chemistry".
             | 
             | But (1) the test would remain an IQ test once you ignored
             | the very low scores of people who had no reason to take the
             | test; and (2) in reality, people who have never studied
             | chemistry don't take the chemistry GRE.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | a PhD scientist in California was awarded a multi-year $5m USD
         | grant based on similar principles, around 2015, through the
         | University of California. I sat through her lunch talk to a
         | group of researchers. The merit of the idea was that she could
         | find under-represented demographics of young potential coders
         | by matching various online activity with their resume, and
         | assuming a lot of low-income education credits are not going to
         | look very good on a typical boilerplate resume. I was mildly
         | annoyed at the time.
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | Wow.
           | 
           | Yea. I think the hiring processes is broken in a lot of ways.
           | I also think trying to get AI to solve it or adding even more
           | layers into the process is only going to make things worse.
        
           | tikhonj wrote:
           | There's a qualitative difference between using AI for
           | _sourcing_ --that is, finding candidates you would not find
           | normally--and using it for _assessment_.
           | 
           | The impact of a biased source is attenuated by having other
           | sources and by the rest of your assessment process. Perhaps
           | you end up with a marginally "worse" pool of candidates at
           | the top of your hiring funnel... but, frankly, it's already
           | hard to do much worse than the mix of LinkedIn keyword
           | searches, resume screens and ad hoc channels teams use today.
           | Crucially, if this happens, the impact on any given candidate
           | is minimal--a bit more competition that, if the rest of the
           | process is any good, should be negligible.
           | 
           | The impact of bias in how you _reject_ candidates, on the
           | other hand, fundamentally _cannot_ be compensated for in the
           | remaining process. A rejected candidate is already out! Any
           | bias in rejecting steps is going to be directly reflected in
           | the sort of teams you can recruit.
           | 
           | Mixing together sourcing methods that are biased in different
           | ways can cancel out the bias. Mixing together assessment
           | steps that are biased in different ways compounds the bias.
           | 
           | Traditional resumes are pretty awful any way you look at
           | it[1] and developing new ways of sourcing qualified
           | candidates that get overlooked by the traditional approach
           | doesn't create the sorts of problems that new assessment
           | methods do, so the research you're describing seems
           | unambiguously useful.
           | 
           | [1]: interviewing.io did a cool study looking at how resumes
           | compare against the mock interview performance of users on
           | their site. They just don't work well. This isn't a peer-
           | reviewed study, of course, but, frankly, the data and
           | approach are _more_ compelling than some of the peer-reviewed
           | research I 've seen on the subject.
           | 
           | https://blog.interviewing.io/resumes-suck-heres-the-data/
        
             | BlargMcLarg wrote:
             | Traditional resumes being useless has been pretty well
             | researched for decades. Hiring is just stubborn and slow.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | you make a couple of good points, regarding sourcing, and
             | hint at compounding effects, which is probably a very deep
             | topic here. I tipped my hand by indicating I was mildly
             | annoyed, and failed to differentiate between perceived
             | positives and negatives in the process. So I will try to
             | fill that in a bit..
             | 
             | Let's start with aptitude/talent of the candidate.
             | Certainly those with aptitude and/or talent might be hidden
             | in the modern floods of resumes. People _lie_ about skills,
             | and supporting  "automated investigation" might refute or
             | amplify assertions. People also miss critical elements in
             | describing themselves, so something similar would apply
             | there. Your point that this kind of automation might
             | _increase_ pools of candidates, and thereby making a chance
             | for some people currently overlooked, is consistent with
             | the merit found in the research grant.
             | 
             | Is that the whole story however? Is there a shortage of
             | skilled people doing paid computer activity? It is no
             | secret that wage negotiation is ongoing and will
             | essentially never be solved. Individual people grow and
             | change, especially in the second decade of life. Industry
             | conditions change, especially with web-related work. And,
             | the industry itself is famously seeking bargains.
             | Outsourcing is a constant on the Internet. There are many
             | more people than jobs at any given time, but most people
             | are not great fits or even able to do a job. So.. how to
             | draw some conclusions there, about where "automated
             | investigation and classification of human beings as
             | workers" might fit in.
             | 
             | It is literally true that some large-scale business seeks
             | to make replaceable work roles such that low-skill, low-
             | commitment people can be replaced in large numbers on any
             | given week. Wages and benefits can be cut and sometimes
             | aggressively cut, amidst that churn. Is there a shortage of
             | college-educated adults who are willing to participate as
             | "churn" elements, also known as gig-work? Perhaps, but for
             | stable social lives, reliable income, stability to raise a
             | family, retirement and medical benefits, gig-work acts like
             | a chemical solvent, literally dissolving the bonds,
             | seniority and commitments needed for longer term stability
             | to grow. More comments about wage working in the USA and
             | elsewhere could be made, but overall this part would fit
             | into the "uses of the technology" side, not the technology
             | itself per se.
             | 
             | Another angle worth mentioning is the difference between
             | developing skills in a workplace over time, creating the
             | environment that sustains skill development, and seeing the
             | benefits of skill development return to the skill holder,
             | rather than the corporation. This worker-side of worklife
             | historically overlaps mentors, ranking, seniority and self-
             | determination of the skill holder. Almost none of the
             | "automated investigation" lends itself to this side, at
             | first appraisel. If there is someone who has unfound skills
             | in rigorous or rare aptitudes, there would be some context
             | to that since it takes time to grow stronger. That sort of
             | thing would almost certainly be included in a resume.
             | 
             | Overall, I claim that the "automated investigation" of
             | employee aptitude strongly aids a "race to the bottom" of
             | lowest wage for highest skill, and does almost nothing to
             | build and retain skill over time by the skill holder. My
             | reason for being "mildly annoyed" probably has more to do
             | with systematically declining to engage mid-level skilled
             | workers in mid-life in mid- to high-cost of living
             | societies, and not so much to do with finding and engaging
             | people who are overlooked by the current system. Since I do
             | not have the problem of thousands of over-stated resumes
             | for ordinary roles to filter through, the filtering side of
             | "refuting false claims on resumes" is not a problem for me,
             | though this technology is certainly primed for that.
        
         | humanistbot wrote:
         | Sounds like https://pymetrics.ai ?
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | Looks _very_ close, if not it.
           | 
           | It has honestly been so long I can't say for sure. It was
           | early 2010s.
           | 
           | Seems a lot of the marketing material is vague and you need
           | to request a demo. Looks pretty silly, regardless. Play a
           | bunch of "games" as part of the interview? I bet HR loves it
           | tho, lol.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | At least as far as technical knowledge goes... that maybe works
         | pretty well.
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | I mean, it works incredibly well if you're a boss and want to
           | hire a bunch of clones... but if you're a bad boss... lol
        
             | gojomo wrote:
             | Can anything save a bad boss?
             | 
             | Maybe every boss deserves to be matched with the team that
             | makes all involved most-likely to mutually-succeed, even if
             | it's a peculiar & unrepresentative bunch of people who can
             | only work with each other.
             | 
             | And further, if that best-effort assemblage still
             | consistently malfunctions, the boss, & the whole team,
             | should be encouraged to find other roles and teams that
             | have a better chance of succeeding.
        
               | robswc wrote:
               | I totally agree. I just feel like a bad boss hiring a
               | bunch of clones would only be worse for the company.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | Is suspect that is often the case.
             | 
             | Is it optimal? Nope. But if you're offering candidates /
             | filtering them for someone... you give them what they want
             | / like right?
        
         | thedracle wrote:
         | HireVue AI Assessment.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | > I don't want to slander
         | 
         | It is never slander to speak the truth
        
           | cercatrova wrote:
           | Except in Japan where you can be prosecuted even if what you
           | spoke about someone else was true. They see it as destroying
           | the their person's honor.
        
             | aliqot wrote:
             | For the other 99.87% of us on this board, this is good
             | info.
        
               | cercatrova wrote:
               | Depends on your jurisdiction, really. Even in Western
               | countries the laws differ on what is slander and what
               | isn't.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | It is a very grey area. In generally you can say anything
               | you can proof to be true. But are you prepared to uphold
               | your proof against a legion of expensive lawers in court?
               | 
               | (what is truth after all)
               | 
               | So if you loose, things can get ugly, so most people try
               | to be on the safe side and keep their mouths rather shut
               | (except for pseudoanonymous online rants).
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | he didn't mean "I don't want to _technical-meaning-of-
           | slander_ ", he meant "I don't want to badmouth perhaps
           | unfairly since I probably don't have all the facts"
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | True. I guess I'd rather not create drama for drawing
           | implications from marketing material, haha.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | Fair enough, though I think it's pretty fair to assume that
             | the truth is either the same or worse than the marketing
             | material!
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | That's not entirely true. "Mr. Smith goes to the brothel
           | every Tuesday" can be defamatory yet true since it omits the
           | crucial details that a) Mr. Smith is the garbageman and b)
           | Tuesday is garbage collection day at the brothel. Of course,
           | the defamatory aspect is that you are very clearly implying a
           | false statement, and if the implied statement were true, it
           | would of course fail to be defamatory.
        
           | nonethewiser wrote:
           | > It is never slander to speak the truth
           | 
           | It is never slander to speak honestly. Even if you're wrong,
           | if you believe it, it's not slander.
        
         | salawat wrote:
         | The term is "math-washing". It's use as a means to facilitate
         | accountability laundering has been a sticking point for a
         | while.
        
           | bheadmaster wrote:
           | The excuse used to be "it's God's will". Now it's "it's AI's
           | will".
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | jslaD wrote:
       | Claims workplace diversity is desirable are "spurious and
       | dangerous"
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Claiming it's undesirable equally is.
         | 
         | There are plenty of good arguments in favor of workplace
         | diversity, "forced diversity" or "AI enabled diversity" aren't
         | part of them though
        
       | tqi wrote:
       | > They say it is a dangerous example of 'technosolutionism':
       | turning to technology to provide quick fixes for deep-rooted
       | discrimination issues that require investment and changes to
       | company culture.
       | 
       | I definitely agree with this sentiment, however I think it's also
       | important to remember how bad human reviewers are. I think a lot
       | of times, because it is harder to collect data measuring the
       | effect of human systems, we focus on how bad AI systems are. At
       | least with an algorithm you can:
       | 
       | - try to identify biases via testing
       | 
       | - back test changes to see how those biases change
       | 
       | I think given the choice between equally biased human and
       | algorithmic systems, I would have more faith that the algorithmic
       | system could be meaningfully changed in the near term than a
       | human system.
        
       | calibas wrote:
       | AI/ML is a poorly understood, but very well-hyped technology.
       | Much like blockchain, it's being falsely promoted as a kind of
       | panacea for all of mankind's problems.
        
       | totorovirus wrote:
       | Let's face it. We all know that being WASPy is the probably the
       | best indicator of performance.
        
       | daoist_shaman wrote:
       | AI is probably the only thing that will be able to help humanity
       | clean up the mess that it's still noisily making. I'm talking
       | about real AI, not the Mickey Mouse data science buzzword that
       | keeps getting promulgated by C-suite crayon eaters.
       | 
       | Doomsayers can stir up all the FUD they want about AI, and point
       | to works of fiction as their gospel. I, on the other hand,
       | welcome a future where we are fairly governed and managed by our
       | AI overlords, rather than exploited by "fellow" man.
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | Not sure how this helps me get the candidates in the first place.
       | Something's filtering non-white-male, non-asian-male candidates
       | before they even apply to our organization.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | Bad job ads? I believe there was some data showing that the
         | "10x rockstar bla bla" style of ads tended to put off
         | underrepresented minority candidates, in particular.
        
           | robswc wrote:
           | Might not be something to complain about, lol
           | 
           | The "10x rockstar" JDs usually mean "we don't actually know
           | what we want."
           | 
           | Best, most senior job _and_ with best TC I ever got was just
           | half a page saying exactly what they needed.
        
         | almenon wrote:
         | Only ~13% of CS grads are women last time I checked. So yes,
         | the filtering is happening, and it's before the candidate even
         | looks at the job advertisement.
        
         | Manuel_D wrote:
         | Is something filtering out Asian basketball players before they
         | reach the NBA? Or may they just don't decide to become
         | professional basketball players. Likewise among children who
         | say they're interested in STEM, boys outnumber girls 3:1 as
         | early as middle school [1]. The evidence doesn't indicate that
         | they're being filtered out, they're not interested in the field
         | in the first place.
         | 
         | https://www.govtech.com/education/female-interest-in-stem-ed...
        
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