[HN Gopher] Ocean plastics: How much do rich countries contribut...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ocean plastics: How much do rich countries contribute by shipping
       their waste?
        
       Author : animal_spirits
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2022-10-12 01:33 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ourworldindata.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ourworldindata.org)
        
       | frankfrankfrank wrote:
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | I am not sure why you read this as "who's fault is this"?
         | 
         | I read this as "let's make this transparent".
         | 
         | From my perspective, who to blame and what to do is a second
         | order question.
        
           | ifqwz wrote:
           | What's the point in making something transparent, if it isn't
           | so it can be fixed?
        
             | NineStarPoint wrote:
             | Making something transparent can help identify if something
             | should be fixed at all. Sometimes the transparency shows
             | that the issue is arising from something that is worth the
             | issues it is generating.
             | 
             | So you make it transparent, and then you can look and
             | determine what is or isn't worth doing.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Fool me once, shame on you.
         | 
         | Fool me for 6 decades, I dunno, maybe I could have made an
         | assumption about what you were going to do the next time.
        
         | okintheory wrote:
         | Suppose you're broke and then some rich guy walks up to you on
         | the street and loudly proclaims "throwing plastic in this river
         | next to us would be terrible! I would never do it! But, would
         | you mind taking this plastic cup for me? I'll pay you $100 to
         | take it! And I don't care what you do with it ;)".
         | 
         | What would you do?
        
           | mpweiher wrote:
           | TFA:
           | 
           | "That means that around 2% of waste is traded"
           | 
           | "Most of the plastic that enters the oceans from land comes
           | from rivers in Asia.1 More than 80% of it."
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | You can believe that it's the "poorer countries'" fault that
         | they are releasing plastics into the ocean AND that it's also
         | "richer countries'" fault for sending their trash to known bad
         | actors.
        
         | rTX5CMRXIfFG wrote:
         | Wow, you went a long way to make this about race. It's not even
         | like brown people wrote the article.
         | 
         | Heck, if you want poor countries to be accountable for their
         | own pollution then they shouldn't be forced to trade with
         | developed countries who don't want to make any concessions
         | about the use of plastics, but I'm pretty sure that wouldn't be
         | a popular stance with HN either.
        
         | deworms wrote:
        
         | doix wrote:
         | Did we read the same article? Isn't the article basically
         | saying that even if rich countries completely stopped exporting
         | waste, it wouldn't make _that_ much of a difference? i.e
         | 
         | > If rich countries banned the export of plastic waste to these
         | countries, we might reduce plastic pollution a bit: perhaps up
         | to 5%.
         | 
         | > But, an end to trade won't stop plastic pollution. Only a
         | small fraction of the world's plastic waste is traded - under
         | 2%. And most - two-thirds of it - ends up in richer countries,
         | where it's very unlikely to end up in the ocean.
        
         | nicbou wrote:
         | It's less about race and more about means. From each according
         | to his ability.
         | 
         | Someone living comfortably in Western Europe can afford to
         | stick to his principles. He has the extra money and energy to
         | give a damn. He can cut meat, drive less, fly less, consume
         | less.
         | 
         | It's silly for someone who enjoys air conditioning and two
         | international trips a year, to tell people in developing
         | countries to do their bit. It costs far less to do ours.
         | 
         | This is not a paternalistic view of people in developing
         | countries, it's a critical look at our own inaction.
        
       | Proven wrote:
        
       | princeb wrote:
       | this is extremely interesting, the fact that at the end of the
       | day, the plastics exporters still do a remarkable job of
       | processing whatever plastic waste they keep, way better than the
       | best job that plastic importers do with the plastic waste they
       | pay for.
       | 
       | So comparative advantage works once again, to our detriment.
       | 
       | it seems we need to reverse the flow of plastics so that the
       | countries good at reprocessing plastics reprocess more plastic
       | around the world, even the ones produced by less developed
       | countries. unfortunately a lot of waste processing industries in
       | these countries are built on lies and corruption, so the economic
       | cost and benefit is warped, leading to flow that is not optimal
       | to humanity. poor countries are not being dumped on to the extent
       | that they are _paying_ to be dumped on. when the issue is legal
       | and economic structures of individual countries, where do we even
       | begin to fix the problem?
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | I'd be interested in how much money Western corporations spent
       | lobbying to prevent sensible waste policies that would have seen
       | them foot the bill.
       | 
       | We know they did it in their home countries. It is frankly
       | inconceivable that they didn't do it to poorer nations.
       | 
       | How many deposit return schemes and extended producer
       | responsibility laws did they prevent while selling products in
       | disposable containers?
       | 
       | https://plastics.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/epr
       | 
       |  _Washington Could Get European-Style Recycling. Lobbyists Are
       | Mad About It_
       | 
       | https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2022/01/25/65471068/washing...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Lio wrote:
       | I'm sceptical about plastic recycling in general. We are slowly
       | poisoning ourselves with micro plastics.
       | 
       | The best way to keep it out of the water system is to stop using
       | it.
       | 
       | The second best way is to incinerate it and scrub the output
       | gases. It's even possible to route the CO2 to industrial
       | greenhouses for things like tomatoes.
       | 
       | Anything to keep plastic out of the water cycle.
        
       | orwin wrote:
       | I really like posts like this, it challenged my biases and
       | changed my opinion. Just wanted to state here that this wasn't a
       | simple upvote.
        
         | shmde wrote:
         | I saw a lot of east asia hate almost everywhere on the internet
         | and surprisingly also on HN about asia dumping wastes into the
         | ocean and polluting the globe in general when in fact we were
         | the ones importing wastes and developing countries needed to
         | use coal/oil for further advancing as a nation. The
         | west/developed countries blames eastern/developing countries
         | for it when in fact they were also responsible for a shitton
         | amount of emissions when they started industrialising their
         | countries and still continue to export wastes/export
         | manufacturing stuff which generates waste.
        
           | yrgulation wrote:
           | Raising issues of common interest is not hate. It's a debate
           | among equals. Projecting hate and shifting blame is hateful
           | in itself. Not taking responsibility for local corrupt
           | politicians that dont mind turning a blind eye to equally
           | corrupt business from the west and ignoring environmental
           | issues is appalling.
        
           | llampx wrote:
           | As a consumer and a tourist, I was appalled at the amount of
           | plastic being used everywhere (Thailand and Vietnam).
           | Pineapple by the slice from a kiosk? Wrapped in plastic.
           | Bubble tea? Plastic container and straw, along with a little
           | plastic bag. Groceries? Plastic galore.
           | 
           | I do know though, that on a per-capital level, the Western
           | world still produces more waste, but there was no thought of
           | hey maybe this much plastic is bad?
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | > Pineapple by the slice from a kiosk? Wrapped in plastic.
             | Bubble tea? Plastic container and straw, along with a
             | little plastic bag. Groceries? Plastic galore.
             | 
             | Sounds like the USA too. Things have only started to change
             | in the last 2 years or so, as some municipalities start
             | banning plastic bags and foam food containers, and
             | companies like Starbucks are starting to put on a show of
             | biodegradability.
             | 
             | Meanwhile now we have paper straws coated in PFAS. We
             | definitely don't need the plastic bags, but I'd rather have
             | the plastic straws!
        
               | Bayart wrote:
               | Free plastic grocery bags have been banned for years in
               | the EU and it couldn't be better. It makes me all the
               | more so annoyed at food packaging (since it's the only
               | thing you see stuck in roadside bushes nowadays).
        
               | ridgered4 wrote:
               | I thought the bag banning was the wrong thing myself. I
               | always reused my grocery bags as trash bags, now I have
               | to buy trash bags...which seem like they use more
               | plastic. But maybe most people don't use them that way.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | I did this too, but I only needed a trash bag like once a
               | week, and inevitably ended up with more than that, before
               | I got diligent about reusable bags. Even if everyone did
               | it, there's no way every bag would be accounted for.
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | Yes that's what I mean, per capita the Western world
               | leads in waste and plastic usage. Can't help but think
               | that if Asia and Africa were at a similar income level,
               | they would be as high or higher on the waste scale, i.e.
               | the poorer populations in Asia pull down the average vs
               | the city-dwelling middle classes.
        
             | api wrote:
             | Is it perhaps a workaround for poor sanitation? All that
             | plastic isn't free so I'd assume there is a reason they do
             | it.
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | The food doesn't become sanitary by coming in contact
               | with plastic. I do believe it is a proxy for sanitary
               | conditions though and that explains at least some of the
               | usage.
        
           | Eupraxias wrote:
           | I suspect that much of the sentiment comes from the fact that
           | when Western countries did it, they didn't know better.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Sure they did.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea_soup_fog
             | 
             | > From as early as the 1200s, air pollution became
             | increasingly prevalent, and a predominant perception in the
             | 13th century was that sea-coal smoke would affect one's
             | health. From the mid-1600s, in British cities, especially
             | London, the incidence of ill-health was attributed to coal
             | smoke from both domestic and industrial chimneys combining
             | with the mists and fogs of the Thames Valley. Luke Howard,
             | a pioneer in urban climate studies, published The Climate
             | of London in 1818-1820, in which he uses the term "city
             | fog" and describes the heat island effect which
             | concentrated the accumulation of smog over the city.
             | 
             | > King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-coal
             | by proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke became a
             | problem.
             | 
             | They knew it was a problem. The economic benefits were
             | simply too much to pass up. Sound familiar?
        
               | Eupraxias wrote:
               | These are local problems. Those lucky enough to relocate,
               | can.
               | 
               | The issue is causing problems for everyone. We don't even
               | have a relocation plan for the ultra-rich. Amazing that
               | we all still have something in common.
        
       | batushka3 wrote:
       | > Most of the plastic that enters the oceans from land comes from
       | rivers in Asia. More than 80% of it.
       | 
       | This is THE PROBLEM. It is mesmerizing how article shifts blame
       | to those terrible "rich countries". Me in that rich country
       | collect every bit of plastic to trashbin, sort it out just to
       | read than my asian friends dumped it to river zero F's given. And
       | it's my fault!
        
         | orwin wrote:
         | Did we read the same article? From what i've read, the west
         | contribute to at most 5% of that (i used to believe it was much
         | more, something like 20%, aka around the same per capita).
         | 
         | I don't think the article blame the west at all, the opposite
         | rather. It also says that the 5% figure is probably inflated,
         | because traded plastics are likely to have more oversight and
         | less likely to end in rivers. I think this article is perfectly
         | balanced.
         | 
         | Also:
         | 
         | > Me in that rich country collect every bit of plastic to
         | trashbin, sort it out just to read than my asian friends dumped
         | it to river zero F's given. And it's my fault!
         | 
         | It's your government that permit companies who exploit local
         | populations with little to no oversight (regulations are bad,
         | oversight is bad). That's basically what "neocolonialism" is. I
         | dislike the word and i think this is more related to capitalism
         | than colonialism anyway, but that's the accepted definition.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | Blaming entire countries is generally done to shift the blame
         | from a small number of billionaire CEOs and corrupt
         | politicians, to the working class of that country.
        
           | bennysonething wrote:
           | What evidence do you have for this?
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | We also need to remember that 75%+ of the plastic in the great
         | big garbage patch in the pacific is from fishing.
         | 
         | But we also need to be clear that this is _ALL_ our faults. We
         | may say we dutifully collect our plastic bottles and separate
         | them but do no further research to learn that most of it goes
         | right to a landfill. We don 't demand product packaging that is
         | known to be easily recyclable, we want cheap and convenient. We
         | don't demand clean water for other countries around the world
         | anymore than we demand clean working conditions and humane
         | treatment. Everything is out of sight, out of mind. We are so
         | privileged that we forget ourselves.
         | 
         | Humans are a very selfish species and we keep losing sight of
         | the fact that this planet can't support this many selfish
         | humans. The planet is just now starting to fight back. We have
         | been f'ing around and are now starting to find out and it won't
         | be pretty. Until we get serious about sustainability writ
         | large, we will continue to receive our comeuppance.
        
         | hactually wrote:
         | Currently in Bali and there's a lot of plastic waste. And
         | that's the only waste you see.
         | 
         | There are efforts to return to the old pre-plastic days as it's
         | a relatively new invention and the Balinese aren't used to
         | having to use bins and shipping plastic off to far away lands.
         | 
         | They expect it to all degrade back into the ground, perhaps
         | rightly so.
         | 
         | Changing that entire culture for the worst because we
         | introduced plastic to the world seems incredibly ignorant.
        
           | thisiscorrect wrote:
           | I've never heard anyone from the US or Europe claim that
           | plastic will degrade back into the ground. Somehow they
           | changed their "entire culture" to put trash in cans.
        
         | yrgulation wrote:
         | Last time i raised the same concern i was accused of 1)
         | colonialism 2) supremacism 3) racism.
         | 
         | I suppose "poor" countries get a free pass because corrupt
         | politicians accept to turn those countries into dumping grounds
         | and we have no right to raise that issue. Even the suggestion
         | that everyone should do their part is censored here on HN. Not
         | by HN but by extremist nationalists from the region.
        
           | nashashmi wrote:
           | be careful in how you address the problem if you keep blaming
           | others. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bho6xY-jSuE
        
           | zakki wrote:
           | I think the problem is people from rich country blame the
           | people from poorer country because they let the corrupt
           | politicians turn their country to dumping grounds. But people
           | from rich country doesn't care that their politicians let
           | their country exporting waste to poorer country.
        
             | yrgulation wrote:
             | I am quite sure there is a lot of pressure on politicians
             | to not let their countries export trash in rich countries
             | and zero in poor countries. There are even laws in that
             | regard [1]. I am in awe by the amount of hate the west
             | gets.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.gov.uk/guidance/importing-and-exporting-
             | waste
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | > But people from rich country doesn't care that their
             | politicians let their country exporting waste to poorer
             | country.
             | 
             | I would even be fine with that, if there was some highly
             | specialized recycling facility in one of those poorer
             | countries.
             | 
             | Seems like they are just building landfills with all of
             | that, or just dump it somewhere, though.
        
         | badpun wrote:
         | It's western governments fault that they allow exporting trash
         | to foreign countries to be "processed" by companies which are
         | more than likely to just dump eveything into ground or a river.
         | And it is much worse with toxic industrial waste, where it's
         | not just discarded plastic forks and stuff, but actual million
         | of gallons of chemicals that can poison entire water basins.
         | 
         | If recycling or protection of environment in general was the
         | actual goal, we'd never do it. But, in reality, it is mostly
         | just greenwashing and/or protecting just the local environment
         | (who cares if rivers in Poland or China will become toxic, as
         | long as US or Germany or Italy are clean), so "out of sight,
         | out of mind" policy works well.
        
           | mpweiher wrote:
           | Huh?
           | 
           | "Most of the world's waste is handled domestically and most
           | of the waste that enters the oceans stems from these
           | countries."
           | 
           | "... around 2% of waste is traded."
        
             | badpun wrote:
             | It would be great if it was weighted by toxicity though.
             | Regular municipal waste is nowhere as dangerous or
             | expensive to dispose of. Meanwhile in Eastern Europe, there
             | are hundreds of sites discovered by authorities, where
             | extremely toxic industrial waste from Western Europe plants
             | is abandoned by various sham companies. Safely cleaning up
             | each of those sites can cost dozens of millions of dollars
             | (per site) and that's assuming the containers didn't break
             | and the poison didn't leak into ground already.
        
               | mpweiher wrote:
               | The article and all the figures are about plastic, not
               | toxic industrial waste.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Do you read the article as shifting blame to richer countries?
         | I read it the exact opposite way: most of the article is all
         | about debunking the popular meme that most of poor countries'
         | badly managed waste is actually out-of-sight-ed rich countries'
         | waste, but it tries hard to do so in a polite way.
        
         | a1445c8b wrote:
         | > Me in that rich country collect every bit of plastic to
         | trashbin, sort it out just to read than my asian friends dumped
         | it to river zero F's given. And it's my fault!
         | 
         | Woah right there! Hang on. No need to get personal.
         | 
         | While I commend you for doing your job with recycling, it takes
         | a government and its recycling policies and programs to make
         | any meaningful difference. Conversely, it takes poor government
         | policies to produce poor regional handling of plastics.
         | 
         | Let's keep it at that level and not include ethnicity into the
         | picture.
        
       | hedora wrote:
       | Interestingly, 20% of ocean plastics come from boats:
       | 
       | https://ourworldindata.org/ocean-plastics
       | 
       | Most of those are fishing nets. That seems easy enough to fix:
       | Ban plastic fish nets!
       | 
       | We're overfishing the ocean anyway, so lowering the efficiency of
       | fishing seems fine. (In the same way fishing with dynamite is
       | illegal in most places.)
        
       | dahfizz wrote:
       | TLDR:
       | 
       | > ... rich countries would contribute between 1.6% (in the best
       | case) and 11% (in the worst case) of ocean plastics through
       | shipping waste overseas.
       | 
       | So, even in the most generous case, 89% of plastic waste comes
       | domestically from Asia. The only solution is to get Asian
       | countries to take waste seriously. As the article says, stopping
       | all shipping of waste would have a negligible effect on the
       | amount of plastic entering the ocean.
        
         | ReptileMan wrote:
         | They are. 4 years ago in Jakarta malls cashiers put simple
         | light items in double bags. Last year there were no plastic
         | bags, only heavy reusable bags.
         | 
         | But there is a lot of intertia.
        
         | nashashmi wrote:
         | It's not that simple of a concept. It's not "their" problem.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bho6xY-jSuE
        
       | Eupraxias wrote:
       | The article concludes: "poorer countries are not a dumping ground
       | for the rich."
       | 
       | They are indeed a dumping ground for the rich. Whether they
       | should they be so is another question.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mpweiher wrote:
         | What are your grounds for dismissing the well-supported
         | conclusion of the article?
         | 
         | Are their data faulty? Incomplete beyond what they themselves
         | show?
        
           | NineStarPoint wrote:
           | It's incomplete in that it only considers direct
           | imports/exports of waste. It can be argued that rich
           | countries have exported manufacturing and resource extraction
           | to poor countries as well, generating waste that wouldn't be
           | accounted for in this analysis. (Such as: We know that
           | fishermen from poor countries create a lot of ocean plastic
           | waste, but how much of that is generated to sell fish to rich
           | countries). Understanding how much waste is generated by each
           | country's consumption would paint a more complete picture.
           | 
           | Of course supporting that argument also isn't clear cut in a
           | way where just stating it outright makes sense, and the
           | article does indeed do a good job of showing that direct
           | waste exports are not really a major contributing issue.
        
           | Eupraxias wrote:
           | I'm not dismissing anything - I tend to agree with the
           | findings of the article.
           | 
           | I'm just taking issue with the words choice of that sentence.
        
             | tdehnel wrote:
             | Wild _reasonable person_ appeared!
        
               | Eupraxias wrote:
               | Hi there! There are at least one of us left.
        
         | ovi256 wrote:
         | Common misuse of positive statements for what should be
         | normative statements.
        
           | stdbrouw wrote:
           | A dumping ground is a place where it is appropriate to dump
           | waste. To say that poor countries are not a dumping ground
           | for the rich means that it is not appropriate for the rich to
           | dump waste there. The word itself is normative, and therefore
           | so is the sentence.
        
       | DoingIsLearning wrote:
       | I hate how much this is made into 'rich' versus 'poor' countries.
       | It distractes from the main culprits:
       | 
       | Coca-Cola, Nestle, Pepsico, Unilever, P&G, Mars, Kraft-Heinz ...
       | etc.
       | 
       | Coca-Cola sells 1.3 billion liters of coke in 'poor' Mexico
       | alone, most of which will be in plastic packaging. Coca-cola
       | alone is creating 110 billion PET bottles _per_year_.
       | 
       | At the end of the day it is companies packaging products that
       | have externalized the environmental costs of the _cheaper_ (for
       | them) plastic packaging onto local governments and consumers. Why
       | are we not discussing that?
       | 
       | Why is there no regulation to force non-plastic packaging when a
       | viable alternative packing exists?
       | 
       | Why are these companies lobbying against plastic taxation?
       | 
       | Why are these companies lobbying against single-use plastic bans?
       | 
       | Sadly straws and q-tips ban is the most embarassing display of a
       | collective of weak governments in the hands of corporate
       | lobbying.
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | _> Why is there no regulation to force non-plastic packaging
         | when a viable alternative packing exists?_
         | 
         | Because, at least in the non-dictatorial world, regulation
         | comes only as a result of the mass population recognizing a
         | need to clean up the outliers who aren't comforting with the
         | wishes of the masses.
         | 
         | When a population is consuming 110 billion PET bottles per year
         | _that represents the masses_. They are not going to enact
         | legislation to clean up themselves. There would be no reason to
         | since voluntarily stopping the practice of consuming said
         | bottles would achieve the same effect.
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | This argument only makes sense when consumers are free to
           | choose comparable alternatives without the plastic packaging.
           | But realistically, consumers are typically severely limited
           | in their selection of products.
           | 
           | Picking the best of a bad lot doesn't mean people prefer bad
           | things, if their selection is extremely constrained.
        
             | randomdata wrote:
             | It used to be you could only buy Coke in glass bottles. The
             | mass market proved it didn't like glass bottles, so the
             | vendors moved away from them. If the consumer preferred
             | glass bottles it would be the plastic bottle that is hard
             | to come by today, but in reality the consumer prefers the
             | plastic bottle. They are much cheaper and more convenient
             | than the glass bottle.
             | 
             | Let's not downplay how much power the consumer actually
             | has. A business like Coca-Cola would end up bankrupt in a
             | matter of days if it didn't listen closely to what
             | consumers are willing to buy. It, again, delivers plastic
             | because that's exactly what the masses want. Business is
             | tightly bound the whims of the consumer. Business only
             | exists to serve the consumer.
             | 
             | That doesn't mean people prefer bad things. The plastic
             | bottle is clearly superior in many ways, even if has some
             | negative externalities. There is good reason why the masses
             | don't want to move away from it, even amid the good reasons
             | to stop their production.
        
               | GrinningFool wrote:
               | The mass market didn't prove this - the only thing proved
               | was that it cost Coca Cola less to produce and ship
               | plastic bottles.
               | 
               | If Coca Cola switched to glass-only again, they wouldn't
               | lose very many customers. People want the Coke. They
               | might have feelings about the bottle it's sold in, but
               | they're generally not going to stop buying the Coke
               | because the bottle changes to one that they like less.
               | Nor, for the most part, because the price increases
               | slightly to make up the cost difference.
               | 
               | Whether the plastic is superior in many ways is not, in
               | this case, indicative that the masses don't want to move
               | away from it - the masses just want their Coke.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> the only thing proved was that it cost Coca Cola less
               | to produce and ship plastic bottles._
               | 
               | Which too is the most important consideration to the
               | consumer. Coke could be served in a Yeti bottle at $50 a
               | pop, but who wants to pay for that? Nobody. Coke is
               | merely delivering what the consumer wants: Coke, served
               | as cheaply and most conveniently as possible.
               | 
               |  _> If Coca Cola switched to glass-only again, they
               | wouldn 't lose very many customers_
               | 
               | Ultimately not, but they also wouldn't make the customer
               | happy in doing so. Given that business exists only to
               | serve customers, why would you go out of your way to make
               | your customers unhappy to risk rocking the boat? Even a
               | few lost customers is lost revenue, and long term
               | negative sentiment is never good. Individual unhappiness
               | is unavoidable, of course, but leaving the masses unhappy
               | over something arbitrary like this even if you won't lose
               | their business is pointless. That is not how business
               | works.
               | 
               |  _> the masses just want their Coke._
               | 
               | ...served as cheaply and most conveniently as possible,
               | which is where plastic wins. For better or worse, the
               | masses have made their decision. They don 't want to pay
               | for glass and they most certainly will not put in extra
               | effort to legislate that they must pay for glass just to
               | get a Coke. It is flabbergasting that the original
               | comment in this thread even thought for a minute that
               | they would.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | You're making a huge assumption throughout the analysis
               | that you fail to acknowledge -- you assume that cost
               | savings are passed on to the consumer, ie, that there is
               | a signal being communicated from consumer to producer on
               | the basis of rising or falling prices. I don't believe
               | that is a valid assumption in this scenario.
               | 
               | If Coca-Cola manages to reduce their bottling costs, they
               | pass on those extra profits to their _stockholders_ , not
               | their consumers. The behemoth that is Coca-Cola
               | production cannot slow down or speed up fast enough to
               | respond to actual consumer demands: they must plan ahead
               | to anticipate them. This is more easily done by
               | influencing consumer demand via promotional deals,
               | advertising, and market capture. They operate in a meta-
               | stable fashion, constantly producing at a roughly
               | constant (if always slightly rising) rate, and using
               | influence over the market -- prices, exclusive contracts,
               | quasi-monopoly, promotions, advertising -- to control how
               | quickly it gets consumed to keep sales up and inventory
               | costs low.
               | 
               | In reality, consumers can't choose what's not in front of
               | them. If Coca-Cola wants to use only plastic bottles
               | because they're easier to manufacture and transport,
               | that's what governs their use of plastic bottles. Any
               | price difference seen as a result of that will not be due
               | to cost savings, but rather in response to the change in
               | production processes that affects the market supply.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | _> If Coca-Cola manages to reduce their bottling costs_
               | 
               | If glass reduces costs the market would likely go in that
               | direction quickly, but we already agreed that glass is
               | more expensive, hence primarily why plastic is preferred
               | by the consumer. They don't actually care how the liquid
               | arrives, they just want it cheaply and conveniently.
               | 
               | But let's say, hypothetically speaking, that Coca-Cola
               | wanted to pretend to be more environmentally friendly and
               | started making glass bottles more accessible, but also
               | kept plastic bottles around to satisfy the actual
               | customer demand. What reason is there for us to believe
               | that Coca-Cola would simply eat the cost of glass bottles
               | rather than pass that added cost onto consumers? It's not
               | going to happen. At best you might see a short-term loss
               | leader-type offer as a marketing stunt, but soon glass
               | will cost more.
               | 
               | I mean, you suggest yourself that they will put
               | profitability at the forefront of their decision making,
               | profitability that is driven directly by consumer demand,
               | so there is a contradiction here to think that plastic
               | won't be sold for comparatively less. Glass costs more
               | and they will, without question, pass that added cost on.
               | Coca-Cola exists to serve the customer, not to give away
               | things for free.
               | 
               | I do, indeed, assume that the added cost of glass will be
               | passed onto the consumer because, well, why wouldn't it
               | be? Coca-Cola isn't a charity and the price conscious
               | consumer will just buy the lower cost plastic bottle
               | anyway, so there is no risk to their market by charging
               | more for the luxury of glass. In fact, it would only
               | serve to _harm_ Coca-Cola and its shareholders if they
               | compelled consumers into choosing glass at the same price
               | as plastic.
               | 
               | To think that Coca-Cola would sell glass at the same
               | price as plastic, temporary marketing stunts aside, is
               | even more silly than thinking that consumers would
               | legislate their ability to buy plastic bottles, where
               | they have shown a clear preference towards, away from
               | themselves.
        
               | kayfox wrote:
               | > the only thing proved was that it cost Coca Cola less
               | to produce and ship plastic bottles.
               | 
               | It cost them less because it expends less energy to ship
               | them, therefore contributing less to global pollution in
               | that aspect.
               | 
               | I find it frustrating that a lot of environmental actions
               | these days only examine one part of the total
               | environmental impact of something and disregard other
               | aspects which may make the proposed solution worse.
               | 
               | Paper straws often contain those forever chemicals
               | everyone talks about. Corn based alternatives take more
               | energy to make in some cases. "Recycling" plastic has
               | spectacularly backfired in that we shipped it across the
               | world to be "recycled" and it just ended up being burned
               | or dumped into the rivers feeding the ocean. We could
               | have just tossed it in a landfill and had less impact.
        
         | JamesBarney wrote:
         | > Why are we not discussing that?
         | 
         | Because it's not one company that's a bad actor, is every
         | company that sells anything anywhere. So it doesn't make a lot
         | of sense to just blame every company.
         | 
         | Even if the US banned single use plastic, (which would have a
         | ton of other negative environmental effects, due to the higher
         | carbon and water footprint) it still wouldn't have much of an
         | effect on where most of the Plasti CI coming from, poor
         | countries.
         | 
         | The blindingly obvious solution is to figure out how to
         | help/incentivize/fund better trash management systems in poor
         | countries.
        
           | Synaesthesia wrote:
           | When the US does things, the whole world listens, and often
           | follows. US corporations are all around the world, like coco-
           | cola.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > Coca-cola alone is creating 110 billion PET bottles
         | _per_year_.
         | 
         | By the way Coca-Cola is the sponsor of COP27 (the annual
         | meeting of the Paris Agreement on the climate) which is meeting
         | in Egypt next month.
        
         | cute_boi wrote:
         | "Why is there no regulation to force non-plastic packaging when
         | a viable alternative packing exists?"
         | 
         | Because democracy requires agreement with majority of people.
         | Most people have their own problems and they don't care about
         | PET bottles or whatever. Also, corporation are always lobbying
         | government to not take any actions.
         | 
         | Lobbying works because companies can get direct benefits. But
         | many people who cares about climate changes seriously wont
         | lobby as they don't have that much money to lobby politicians
         | to take actions.
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | That and the implication that China is a poor country is pretty
         | ridiculous at this point. Sure, there is poverty in China, but
         | there is poverty in the west too.
        
         | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
         | There is a bit of a balancing act going on. If bottles moved to
         | glass, that would increase weight and CO2. If they moved to
         | more cans, that's still plastic due to the liners.
        
           | joekrill wrote:
           | You might have a point with glass - but the can argument is a
           | bit of a straw man. Even coated aluminum cans are
           | _significantly_ better than plastic bottles. They are very
           | easily recycled.
        
           | stdbrouw wrote:
           | Nitpick: aluminium cans do not have a liner on the inside
           | (unlike the laminates used for e.g. potato chips) and big
           | brands usually print their branding straight onto the
           | aluminium, it's only smaller brands that use plastic shrink
           | sleeve labels.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | This is not about GHG emissions, this is about disposing of
           | non-degradable plastic.
           | 
           | But to follow your reasoning, do you have any data on the CO2
           | emissions of extracting, transporting and transforming crude
           | oil into PET bottles, versus some 30% added weight to a
           | delivery truck?
        
             | randunel wrote:
             | I'm not sure lorries would get 30% heavier, they're already
             | trying to maximise every load. You would, instead, get x%
             | more traffic.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The vast majority of trucks don't load full. Especially
               | the local delivery trucks.
               | 
               | And even those loaded by volume could probably go to
               | glass without hitting weight limits.
               | 
               | And if the result is more local bottling plants, that's
               | even better.
        
               | carlmr wrote:
               | Are they maximizing the load by space or weight? Or do
               | they actively try to get an optimized mix of both?
               | 
               | I would imagine glass bottles also take more space
               | though, so still I guess there might be more traffic.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | At least the local delivery trucks are often quite empty
               | - easier to have a big truck and not need it than a small
               | one that runs out of room.
        
           | mrpopo wrote:
           | If bottles moved to glass, many companies will quickly switch
           | to returnable bottles, which will increase incentives to use
           | standard bottle sizes, which in turn may reduce the distance
           | that bottles travel, etc. It's also likely that prices will
           | increase and therefore consumption will decrease
           | (contributing to solving the obesity crisis in the process).
           | You can't predict things in a vacuum.
           | 
           | Also, how much would that increase CO2 emissions in the worst
           | case? Plastic pollution and climate change are separate
           | problems. If we are solving plastic pollution effectively,
           | wouldn't it be worth a hypothetical .5% increase in global
           | CO2 ?
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | Glass + collection programs exist in Central America, and
             | it quickly became apparent the biggest victim of glass
             | reuse is _branding_. In that environment, standard bottle
             | shapes in standard colors do best, and you can't run a
             | flashy marketing campaign with a new batch of labels.
             | 
             | It explains why plastic is so favored, but it's also
             | depressing, as I consider branding mostly zero-sum.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Beer is almost universally glass in the US and we don't
             | reuse.
             | 
             | I'd like to see standard glass bottles that are universally
             | reusable and washable, but there are claims it's more
             | energy to wash than to make new (which I suspect is funny
             | accounting).
        
               | tristan957 wrote:
               | No brewery that I go to uses bottles for distribution. If
               | you are talking about major beer brands, I would like to
               | see some stats.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | https://www.beerinstitute.org/trends-beer-packaging/
               | 
               | > Glass bottles compose nearly one-third of all beer
               | volume in the United States and nearly two-thirds of
               | above premium segment volume.
               | 
               | I think the "premium" is what I'm noticing; I kind of
               | ignore all the large packs of aluminum beer cans (though
               | to be honest that's the only beer I have on hand right
               | now).
               | 
               | What I have very rarely seen is _plastic_ beer - only at
               | stadiums where they don 't want you throwing the bottle
               | at the players, basically.
               | 
               | Of course, the only _proper_ beer container is a giant
               | keg.
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | We already have somewhat standardized glass bottles for
             | easier local returns in Germany. I think it's a good system
             | to avoid plastic trash.
        
         | qudat wrote:
         | > It distractes from the main culprits:
         | 
         | > Coca-Cola, Nestle, Pepsico, Unilever, P&G, Mars, Kraft-Heinz
         | ... etc.
         | 
         | I think the essence of your post is that we should consider
         | both sides of the coin: supply and demand. Both should not be
         | immune to criticism and I agree completely with that sentiment.
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | It's not coke's fault, I want cans. If they sold it in
         | refillable glass jugs, I'd still buy the cans. That's on me;
         | not them.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | It absolutely is Coca-Cola's and other companies'fault.
           | 
           | And if it makes you feel better the plastic lining in a can
           | is still a fraction of the plastic in a PET bottle.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | A system that is proven to work is a container deposit; in my
         | country they recently made it so that the .5 liter bottles of
         | e.g. coca cola have a 25 cent deposit, which you get back if
         | you deposit it in the right channels. It's not perfect, but it
         | prevents a lot of these ending up in the regular waste stream.
         | 
         | In theory these bottles can then be washed and reused, or
         | ground up and reused or recycled. I don't know if that actually
         | happens though.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | Your country's government scammed citizens out of 25 cents
           | for each bottle they buy, and brainwashed them (you?) that
           | plastic can be recycled.
           | 
           | Hint: plastic cannot be recycled. Burning it is carbon
           | positive. Burying it underground is closer to carbon neutral.
           | We should bury plastic bottles.
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | Not all plastics are the same.
             | 
             | Aren't the majority of plastic drink bottles made from PET,
             | which has high recyclability?
             | 
             | I agree that many plastic waste products should be burried.
        
             | Ancalagon wrote:
             | Not sure why you're being downvoted. This is the truth and
             | honestly the best course of action at this point.
        
         | Aunche wrote:
         | >I hate how much this is made into 'rich' versus 'poor'
         | countries. It distracts from the main culprits: Coca-Cola,
         | Nestle, Pepsico, Unilever, P&G, Mars, Kraft-Heinz ... etc
         | 
         | Let's not scapegoat a group that I'm a part of, and instead
         | scapegoat a group I'm not a part of!
         | 
         | >Sadly straws and q-tips ban is the most embarassing display of
         | a collective of weak governments in the hands of corporate
         | lobbying.
         | 
         | "Lobbying" is a convenient bogeyman, but in this case,
         | lobbyists are merely revealing the very real preference that
         | Americans love using single use plastics. The internet thinks
         | that lobbying is the corporations bribing politicians, but in
         | reality, lobbying is corporations convincing politicians what
         | is the best way to bribe their voters.
         | 
         | Ocean plastics from consumer goods is already a solved problem
         | anyways. Developing countries need better trash infrastructure.
         | Even, landfills and incinerators are better than dumping it in
         | the ocean.
        
           | MisterTea wrote:
           | > lobbyists are merely revealing the very real preference
           | that Americans love using single use plastics.
           | 
           | This comment is incredibly out of touch with reality. It
           | completely ignores the fact that the consumer was NEVER given
           | a choice of eco-friendly packaging vs single use plastic.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | > lobbyists are merely revealing the very real preference
           | that Americans love using single use plastics.
           | 
           | Citation needed?
           | 
           | So are you saying that it is the consumer that drives demand
           | for single-use plastic? The massive cost reduction for the
           | manufacturer has absolutely nothing to do with this push?
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | Who else but the consumer is asking for rock bottom
             | pricing? Even if not verbally, people vote with their feet
             | and wallets.
             | 
             | We need to restore the relationship between disposal and
             | cost, by charging manufacturers a cost to recycle or trash.
             | https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2022-2-summer/notes-
             | here-t...
        
               | juve1996 wrote:
               | Plastic, at the time, was simply better. It is lighter,
               | not brittle, and cheap to mass-produce. Shipping costs
               | are greatly reduced.
               | 
               | Consumers benefit from cheaper pricing, companies get
               | better margins, everyone wins.
               | 
               | Now we see the externalities, or are forced to accept
               | them. But it's not just the consumer's fault. Lots of
               | cheaper items went directly to profit and not to
               | consumers.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > by charging manufacturers a cost to recycle or trash
               | 
               | I've been advocating for decades the taxing of pollution
               | to "internalize the externalities". In this case, taxing
               | plastic.
        
               | hunter-gatherer wrote:
               | The narrative that 'people vote with their wallets' get
               | pushed around a lot on this forum but I fear it is often
               | disingenuous to the nuances of a given situation. I can't
               | really cast meaningful votes with a lot of items because
               | I'm still at the mercy of what is manufactured and
               | readily available. Despite not wanting a touch screen and
               | only a barebones car, nobody is going to make one. Thus
               | I'm left with a few options I don't like, one of which I
               | have to take.
               | 
               | To be clear I don't think the wallet-vote narrative is
               | completely wrong-I just think consumers have less voting
               | power than everyone thinks they do (in this narrative)
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | > Despite not wanting a touch screen and only a barebones
               | car, nobody is going to make one.
               | 
               | This isn't a great example because the government
               | mandates all cars have a back up camera, so given the
               | real estate that takes in the center console, you might
               | as well make it a touch screen and outsource some
               | functionality to it. Mazda cars probably come closest to
               | what you're looking for though.
        
               | jcampbell1 wrote:
               | Tropicana, which was owned by Pepsi at the time, gained
               | significant market share when they switched from paper
               | cartons to plastic bottles. It was in the glossy annual
               | report, but I can't remember what year.
               | 
               | The real culprit for all the clear plastic was the anti-
               | landfill environmental movement that deceived the public
               | that plastic can be recycled in an environmentally
               | beneficial way. I suspect this lie was backed by the
               | manufacturers.
               | 
               | The other environmental scam brewing is how hard the oil
               | and gas industry are secretly and falsely pushing
               | hydrogen as a solution to carbon emissions. They are
               | salivating at the idea of federally funded pipelines and
               | know hydrogen from methane is going to be the cheapest
               | source for decades.
               | 
               | The backup camera thing was regulation announced in 2002,
               | with more than decade allowed to implement. The reason
               | was because about 25 kids per year were being backed over
               | and killed, often by their parents.
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | Nobody "asked for" it. People are presented a cheap
               | option and an expensive option, and without a strong
               | reason to prefer the latter, choose the former.
               | 
               | Or people do actually prefer the slightly-more-expensive
               | option, but it gets phased out and then there is only the
               | cheap option and some artisanal bullshit version that
               | costs 5x and much so only rich people buy it. Some
               | combination of price discrimination via "quality
               | bundling" and shrinkflation.
               | 
               | However I agree that the solution is to un-externalize
               | these costs.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | > Or people do actually prefer the slightly-more-
               | expensive option, but it gets phased out and then there
               | is only the cheap option and some artisanal bullshit
               | version that costs 5x and much so only rich people buy
               | it.
               | 
               | If the majority of people prefer plastic jugs of milk
               | over reusable bottles of milk, then the milkman no longer
               | benefits from economies of scale, so they have to
               | increase prices. This causes more people to switch to
               | plastic jugs of milk, so milkmen have even less economies
               | of scale, etc. The only stable equilibrium is for the
               | milkman to market his service as a luxury.
        
           | kixiQu wrote:
           | The thing about invoking "scapegoating" is that the goat
           | definitionally did _not_ do what it 's being tossed into the
           | desert for.
           | 
           | > Even, landfills and incinerators are better than dumping it
           | in the ocean.
           | 
           | https://www.no-burn.org/wp-content/uploads/Pollution-
           | Health_...
        
           | notaplastic1 wrote:
           | > that Americans love using single use plastics.
           | 
           | I only interact with single use plastics _directly_ as a
           | Costco costumer, Amazon delivery recipient, and occasionally
           | when I interact with some medical products like bandaids.
           | Otherwise, here in San Francisco, in my day to day life, I do
           | not interact with single use non-compostable plastics
           | _directly_.
           | 
           | I don't feel like I'm missing much.
           | 
           | However I am intellectually honest, I know that the goods
           | that are delivered to Whole Foods and Rainbow and whatever
           | are packaged in single use plastics. I know the hospital
           | throws away a lot of stuff, including metal instruments, let
           | alone plastic ones.
           | 
           | In an industrial context, it is possible to legislate a
           | reasonable reduction in single use plastics.
           | 
           | > Developing countries need better trash infrastructure.
           | Even, landfills and incinerators are better than dumping it
           | in the ocean.
           | 
           | Some people never litter.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | _> the main culprits: Coca-Cola, Nestle, Pepsico, Unilever,
         | P&G, Mars, Kraft-Heinz ... etc._
         | 
         | And what do these giant multinational companies have in common?
         | /s
         | 
         | The issue is there is no unified multinational push to regulate
         | these multinational giants.
         | 
         | You can't have local solutions to global problems, and these
         | companies are as global as they get, constantly chasing the
         | places with the lowest taxes, lowest wages, least amount of
         | regulations, most corruption, and easiest to bribe officials
         | for access to exploiting local resources, etc. while making
         | record profits quarter after quarter at the expense of the
         | environment and people in less afluent places.
         | 
         | We need global regulations for them. But that will never happen
         | because China, the US and EU won't touch their giants as long
         | as they're not doing anything illegal back home.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | > We need global regulations for them. But that will never
           | happen.
           | 
           | That is a pessimist outlook, all you need is for the EU bloc
           | and the US to implement such measures and plastic pollution
           | in the world would fall an order of magnitude.
           | 
           | The problem is not lack of _global_ regulations, just
           | spineless politicians.
        
             | Huh1337 wrote:
             | What kind of regulation of these corporations do you
             | envision? It's not them making the waste - it's the people-
             | consumers who are not throwing the bottles away for
             | recycling, or their countries not recycling locally and
             | instead just throwing away the waste somewhere else. What
             | about that is changed by regulating Coca Cola?
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | > It's not them making the waste - it's the people-
               | consumers who are not throwing the bottles away for
               | recycling
               | 
               | I can't tell if this is ignorant or ill-intended. The
               | 'recycled' material from these markets is getting shipped
               | to Southeast Asia and dumped in landfills as per the
               | original link in this submission.
               | 
               | Ask yourself if what you say is real, then there would be
               | no need for new plastic from crude oil since our market
               | would be interely circular with recycled plastic.
               | 
               | Plastic recycling pelets have a very limited use and
               | there are only a handful of countries were consumers care
               | about it where manufacturers mix in some recycled pelets
               | and claim the plastic is from (partially) recicled
               | plastic.
               | 
               | Recycled plastic is greyish in coloration (you can't make
               | it transparent) and far more brittle than 'new' plastic.
               | Recycling plastic was a con all along to allow
               | corporations to make a fortune on packaging cost savings.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | OK, and what kind of regulation do you envision to solve
               | this problem?
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | We could demand reusable glass bottles but some say the
               | washing takes more energy than new. Maybe aluminum would
               | work.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Washing, and transport.
               | 
               | Plastic is the lightest, thinnest packaging material we
               | have. Reducing its use may means trucks carrying less
               | stuff that is heavier.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, according to https://www.roetell.com/glass-vs-
               | plastic-vs-aluminum-contain... it can be a 40:1 ratio.
               | 
               | Though you could counter-act that with more local
               | bottling plants so that transport is shorter. In other
               | words, don't bottle the soda in George and ship it to New
               | York or whatever, but actually have multiple local
               | bottling/washing plants in New York itself.
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | I commented on this before on hacker news:
               | 
               | - Plastic is cheap to produce but difficult to recycle.
               | Create quotas for 'new' plastic and make packagers bid
               | for plastic in a plastic market managed by plastic
               | producers. Petro-chemical producers still make money with
               | less volume manufactured, since packagers have to bid for
               | new plastic, paying more for it. This also forces more
               | recycling since it is more competitive in comparison than
               | outbiding in a new plastic market.
               | 
               | - Ban single-use plastic except for medical/lab
               | applications.
               | 
               | - Enforce return schemes for plastic and glass at
               | consumer shops but payed for by packagers.
               | 
               | People will complain that prices go up but that should
               | have been corrected a long time ago. There is no free
               | lunch, you can't have near free cost packaging without
               | some consequence, in this case we already have plastic in
               | intra-uterine babies, I say the buck should stop here.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Some countries and states require companies to pay for
               | the cost of recycling, or higher fees if the material is
               | not recyclable. We could simply jack those up.
               | 
               | https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2022-2-summer/notes-
               | here-t...
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Well no duh people are producing the waste. We were
               | literally told to by thier advertising teams [1].
               | 
               | It's always kind of strange how people how people never
               | wonder how we got from a society where stuff got reused a
               | million times to one where we don't.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vintage-ads-
               | plastic_n_5cdb176...
        
               | super256 wrote:
               | I think the best way is to follow the German solution:
               | When you buy a bottle/can, you place a collateral there
               | for each bottle, like 50 cent per bottle. You only get
               | the deposit back when you return the bottles to some
               | supermarket.
               | 
               | I really like this model, and it works over here.
               | 
               | Of course, you still need a working recycling chain, but
               | at least it incentives individual people to properly
               | bring their rubbish to the recycling places.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > the German solution
               | 
               | Created in 2003, about 32 years after Oregon created the
               | first bottle bill.
               | 
               | Which reminds me, I need to take the bin of cans to the
               | local drop site.
        
               | super256 wrote:
               | TIL. I must say that I'm quite surprised that such a bill
               | was first introduced in the US.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | 9 of the 10 US states with bottle deposits implemented
               | those laws in the late 70s or early 80s.
               | 
               | The relative autonomy of US states often means that
               | states can move very quickly to pass progressive laws,
               | even though the US is well known for legislative friction
               | at the federal level.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | But the problem is not in this part of the chain. The
               | states then take their collected plastic waste and ship
               | it away - and that's what we're reading about here in
               | TFA.
               | 
               | Collecting the waste is not so hard - today you have
               | automated sorting lines that can separate plastic waste
               | from other waste and some people are saying it's actually
               | better than separating the waste during collection
               | because maintaining separate plastic waste/other waste
               | disposal infrastructures comes out as more costly and
               | less ecological (2 specialized trucks instead of 1
               | general, etc).
               | 
               | This whole problem is about what's done with the
               | collected waste after it leaves the garbage bins at
               | stores or elsewhere.
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | Indeed, and some of the plastic bottles are actually
               | really thick and heavy and are reused, e.g. the
               | Adelholzener ones, which they claim they reuse up to 15x:
               | https://www.adelholzener.de/nachhaltigkeit-und-
               | werte/zukunft...
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Are they significantly less than 15x thicker and heavier
               | than the cheap, single-use alternatives?
        
               | belmont_sup wrote:
               | We've tried this line of reasoning ever since the plastic
               | industry had pushed for recycling as a means of reusing
               | plastic when they know it'll never be economically
               | feasible to do so.
               | 
               | So might as well try something new and fix excessive
               | plastic waste at a different point in the lifecycle.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | So your solution is to ban plastic entirely? If so, then
               | sure, let's talk about it - I'm not picking sides, I
               | don't care about plastic bottles that much (or at all).
               | What would you pick as the replacement?
        
               | addingadimensio wrote:
               | Stop selling crap that needs to be packaged in single use
               | plastic a simple solution That will destroy entire
               | industries with impunity industries that do nothing but
               | poison our bodies and our planet.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | So how do I buy a coke? Are you suggesting I drink water
               | and nothing else? Sorry I'm not going to support your
               | vision of the world.
        
               | ehnto wrote:
               | What you're seeing isn't consumers failing to recycle, it
               | is councils being unable to fund the infrastructure
               | required for recycling, and the councils are voting with
               | their comparatively empty wallets. So even when you are a
               | good little consumer and put it in the recycling bin, not
               | all councils can afford to recycle it properly, because
               | it is a difficult and costly problem to solve at scale.
               | 
               | So Coca-cola reaps all the benefits, while councils pay
               | for all the cleanup. Being pragmatic here though, whoever
               | is ultimately at fault doesn't matter, because the
               | outcome is clear: councils are poorer, coca-cola is
               | richer, and the earth is full of plastic. So do we wait
               | for the sudden and unprecedented cooperation of consumers
               | across the globe, or do we regulate plastic?
               | 
               | As for how to regulate, I would suggest that plastic
               | recycling is paid for by the companies that produce the
               | plastic, perhaps through levies per-kg of produced
               | plastic that ultimately make it more costly to use than
               | more environmentally friendly materials. This would help
               | councils/countries afford recycling infrastructure for
               | plastic that makes enough sense, and it would naturally
               | be more economical to use less plastic. We need a way to
               | set a "Tradeoff cost" at a community level, similar to
               | how there are taxes on fuels for cars.
        
               | mjhay wrote:
               | Plastic recycling works poorly when all conditions are
               | met. Even ideally, most "recycled" plastic doesn't get
               | recycled. What does is of much lower grade and unsuitable
               | for many applications - and can't really be recycled
               | again.
        
             | rTX5CMRXIfFG wrote:
             | > all you need is for the EU bloc and the US to implement
             | such measures and plastic pollution in the world would fall
             | an order of magnitude
             | 
             | Hahahaha wow, who would have thought it was _that_ easy?
             | 
             | Also, politicians do nothing about a problem not because
             | they are spineless (about losing popularity, I think, is
             | what you mean), but because they gain something out of not
             | doing a thing about the problem. Many of the poor countries
             | cited in the article might be democracies, but they are
             | weak democracies with regulatory capture of private
             | enterprises.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _> all you need is for the EU bloc and the US to implement
             | such measures and plastic pollution in the world would fall
             | an order of magnitude._
             | 
             | Yeah, that's exactly what we need but the politicians in
             | the US and EU are too well greased and too vested in the
             | valuation of these mega corporations because the ugly truth
             | is these companies provide a lot of money and jobs in their
             | home countries and regulating the amount of waste and
             | environmental damage they can do globally (in poorer less
             | regulated countries) would reduce the money and jobs they
             | bring in their home countries.
        
           | ehnto wrote:
           | Waiting for everyone to be on the bandwagon before you begin
           | means you'll be waiting forever. If just one of the major
           | countries did it, or a large amount of the smaller ones, it
           | would be highly influential and get the bandwagon moving.
        
           | njovin wrote:
           | > You can't have local solutions to global problems
           | 
           | No, but you can start locally and watch the dominoes fall.
           | Take GDPR for example: EU mandates it so companies fall in
           | line, and now California has their own version (and hopefully
           | we'll see other states & countries follow suit). Forcing a
           | company over a hump can certainly start a movement in the
           | right direction. If the US were to outright ban single-use
           | plastic bottles (which I think they should), these companies
           | would have to make a huge shift in the way they source and
           | manufacture materials and this would lessen the resistance to
           | other countries doing the same.
        
       | brightball wrote:
       | Stuff like this is why I want to see more of the plasma
       | incinerators that generate power by burning trash.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | galangalalgol wrote:
         | If a stellerator or tokamak type fusion generator ever broke
         | even, could it also be used for waste disposal?
        
           | c_o_n_v_e_x wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_torch
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | No, it would stop working. But you could use the power it
           | generates to burn the waste.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | No. Chucking trash into it would immediately disrupt its
           | operation.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | I remember reading about these several years ago. Why didn't
         | they catch on? I think NY City was looking into them.
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | There's a video documentary somewhere about a big one in NJ I
           | believe.
           | 
           | There's a company in Canada that specializes in making them
           | too.
        
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