[HN Gopher] Banks are not repaying victims of Zelle scams
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Banks are not repaying victims of Zelle scams
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 216 points
       Date   : 2022-10-07 18:54 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (krebsonsecurity.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (krebsonsecurity.com)
        
       | kylehotchkiss wrote:
       | Financial Security/responsibility is getting wayyy too complex
       | for the layperson:
       | 
       | * Find a decent bank with 2FA. None of the big banks are decent,
       | they have minimum balances, piles of fees. Credit unions are
       | good, but you want one that isn't too local, which can limit you
       | to credit unions specific to military/veterans/families
       | 
       | * Have multiple checking accounts. Only one of these checking
       | accounts has a debit card attached, or exposed account number
       | anywhere. Never ever hold a balance in this account. Keep the
       | balance in the other account.
       | 
       | * Never use that debit card for anything but the ATM and bank
       | teller authentication. In fact, don't even carry it with you, in
       | case you lose your wallet or somebody tries to take it. Not every
       | bank makes it easy to turn debit card off.
       | 
       | * Only use ACH for rent and loan payments. Never hold a balance
       | in the account used for this. Many rent companies and loan
       | providers are not properly securing that number. Your account
       | number can't easily be changed.
       | 
       | * Keep the bank you use a secret from everybody including friends
       | and family. Only the few payees and your payroll provider need to
       | know.
       | 
       | * For sending money to friends if everybody has iPhones, Apple's
       | Cash functionality is good enough.
       | 
       | * Get a respectable credit card with zero fraud liability. Use it
       | for everything. Have a backup at home. Now your bank is insulated
       | from the outside world. If somebody tries to take your wallet,
       | just give it to them. It's easier to get a card reissued and
       | transactions overturned in that scenario than it is to get
       | drivers licence replaced.
       | 
       | * Don't move outside the country or do a USPS address change to a
       | PO Box. Banks have been known to just shut people's accounts down
       | and mail the balance as a check in these scenarios. Patriot act
       | something something.
       | 
       | This is banking in USA. It was designed for a trust-based society
       | 70 years ago that's still mostly trustful but needs to consider
       | the culture has changed a bit. If the Fed would require member
       | banks implement secure 2FA and the option to disable external ACH
       | from accounts upon request, we wouldn't need to do all this.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | > Never ever hold a balance in this account
         | 
         | Impossible to _never_ hold a balance, since every employer
         | wants to do direct deposit... your only hope is that you can
         | get your money out of there before some scammer gets it. The
         | chances of that happening are low, but not zero.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | Different account for direct deposit from the account used
           | for paying bills. Problem solved.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | em-bee wrote:
           | i have one bank account to receive my salary, one (or more)
           | to make regular payments and one for day to day expenses. the
           | latter has just enough balance to cover my average spending
           | and gets refilled as needed.
        
         | throw7 wrote:
         | > if everybody has iPhones, Apple's Cash functionality is good
         | 
         | and google pay? this may surprise you but in my immediate
         | family only 1 (out of 6) has an iphone. we basically use zelle
         | to transfer cash around. I personally will not use paypal or
         | venmo, but I do use google pay.
        
           | recursive wrote:
           | What's the issue with paypal and venmo?
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | Probably due to the paypal horror stories; note that Paypal
             | acquired Venmo in their Braintree acquisition:
             | https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/19/venmo-now-lets-you-find-
             | an...
        
             | heliodor wrote:
             | Venmo doesn't offer 2fa with an authenticator app. Only
             | text message 2fa. Leaves you open to sim swap attacks,
             | which are common and the carriers are doing nothing to
             | prevent.
        
             | pb7 wrote:
             | PayPal has a long shiny history of screwing people over and
             | Venmo is now not only owned by PayPal but the app is hot
             | garbage and gets worse with every update (probably due to
             | the aforementioned ownership).
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | I use PayPal, not as heavily as I have in the past, but I
               | have been scammed by about a dozen sellers, and in all
               | cases, PayPal refunded my money. I've never heard of
               | PayPal screwing over customers, only that it being owned
               | by eBay is annoying because eBay gets two sets of fees on
               | payments for sellers.
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | I also imagine FedNow might become apart of your workflow,
           | depending on just how well it works (Releases May to July
           | 2023) https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/fednow_ab
           | out.h....
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | Not sure what your issue is with PayPal (philosophical
           | objection to it seems to be popular), but at least PayPal
           | _will refund your money_ if you are scammed. Zelle will not
           | and never has, and I suspect that is why banks won 't cover
           | Zelle scams. I personally consider Zelle itself a scam, and
           | it boggles the mind why so many banks have partnerships with
           | it. Automatic Zelle accounts when opening a bank account? Oh
           | my God that is an astoundingly bad idea.
        
         | snotrockets wrote:
         | ACH is undoubtedly covered under regulation E. $50 (waived by
         | many banks) and some time is the most that can be taken from
         | you.
        
         | cowtools wrote:
         | Beyond 2FA, some type of chaumian cash like
         | https://taler.net/en/ might help too.
         | 
         | But the problem is really downgrade attacks. There are multiple
         | payment systems (bank wire, check, credit card ) and if there
         | is one insecure way to make payments, then the whole system is
         | broken.
        
         | bittercynic wrote:
         | >...you want one that isn't too local...
         | 
         | What's the problem with local credit unions?
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | Limited support hours, lack of access when out of town,
           | having to depend on ATM networks which can change (I guess
           | these also apply to local banks too and not just credit
           | unions)
        
             | lukeschlather wrote:
             | What do you mean by "ATM networks which can change?" I've
             | never found it difficult to find a credit union that
             | participates in shared branching with a public ATM (this
             | basically means free ATM withdrawals in most cities in the
             | US.)
        
               | zippergz wrote:
               | I don't know what parent meant, but my credit union a
               | while back decided they no longer wanted to participate
               | in whatever shared branch network they used to be part
               | of, so the branch availability near me went to
               | effectively zero.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The US has five or six different ATM networks, and many
               | banks are part of more than one of them, but a small
               | credit union may be only part of one, and they may change
               | which one that is.
               | 
               | Depending on how they have it setup, it may mean that the
               | ATM near you suddenly no longer works for you _for free_
               | and you have to switch up with another one.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Biggest issue is accessing your account if you move; I've
           | never really had any other issue come up.
        
             | lukeschlather wrote:
             | In my experience accessing my account after moving has been
             | a huge issue with conventional banks; I've never had a
             | problem with my credit union accounts.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, I should have been clear - accessing it at a local
               | branch. Not that many people need to do that anymore; in
               | fact it's so easy to do everything online you may forget
               | to update addresses, etc. And with no paper statements,
               | you might not even notice until one day your bank decides
               | it needs to mail you something important.
        
               | lukeschlather wrote:
               | No, I can access my remote credit union account through
               | most credit unions through shared branching. It's more
               | convenient than banks which have less cooperation.
        
             | smeej wrote:
             | Even a tiny local credit union is great _if_ they 're part
             | of the co-op.
             | 
             | The vast majority of credit unions in the U.S. are, and you
             | can use any co-op branch or ATMs just like your home credit
             | union's branches or ATMs.
             | 
             | It's brilliant, and in my experience, so much more
             | accessible than the giant banks who are often regionally
             | concentrated.
        
           | a_t48 wrote:
           | I had a local credit union - dropped them after it took
           | multiple weeks to ship out a replacement debit card
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Mine is smallish and printed me a debit card right there in
             | the branch; I'd never seen that before.
        
               | a_t48 wrote:
               | My credit union was in Seattle, I was living in SF. For
               | most services I could go to an affiliated CU, for this I
               | could not.
        
               | lowercased wrote:
               | Years ago, a largish bank (boa) had given me a pre-
               | printed visa debit card for a new account I'd opened.
               | They had a small stack of them, ready to activate against
               | new accounts. Better than "we'll mail it to you in a
               | week".
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, I was surprised on this one because it was a
               | machine that just printed the front on a blank card - the
               | name wasn't embossed, but otherwise it was a normal card.
               | 
               | Still using it, it's how they do cards now; they never
               | sent an "embossed" one.
        
           | adabyron wrote:
           | One advantage to smaller banks is the personal relationship
           | when you need them. It's a trade-off for features. I've found
           | significant value in having a small local bank where it's a
           | bit harder to do anything digitally. They also may catch
           | strange transactions. During Covid, having a relationship
           | with a bank also meant it was easier to get assistance when
           | other banks were putting you on hold or not responding.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | They often won't process foreign transaction and either can't
           | or won't sell you foreign currency (like Canadian dollars if
           | you are planning a trip to Winnipeg).
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | It can be a problem when you are out of town and need banking
           | services. My credit union is in CA but after my move to New
           | Mexico I had to open an account at Chase just to get a
           | special signature notarizing that only banks can do.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The Medallion Signature(tm) - I had to abuse the fact I had
             | a Chase credit card to get one of those once for Vanguard.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
        
         | birdman3131 wrote:
         | Your bank account number is by design semi public knowledge.
         | Every check you have ever written has it at the bottom. It was
         | never meant to be private.
        
           | ev1 wrote:
           | I have never received checks with any bank account I have
           | opened in my life. Are they even offered anymore?
        
             | zippergz wrote:
             | You have to order them. They don't just give them to you.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Yes, they are used all the time in the US.
             | 
             | The numbers on the bottom are the routing number and
             | account number of the payer. Anyone can make and sell them,
             | and anyone can buy them.
             | 
             | https://www.costcochecks.com/home
        
             | brewdad wrote:
             | You have to pay for them but yes you can still get checks.
             | My order of 80 checks should last me the rest of my life.
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | Absolutely. I currently rent from an elderly couple and the
             | simplest method of paying rent is the classic check.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | The fewer entities that have it, the better. Banks probably
           | aren't giving it out freely. Any ACH charge attempted against
           | it will deduct balance, and fraud liability repayments (if
           | the bank agrees to help) will take as long as the bank takes
           | to recover funds
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | > _fraud liability repayments (if the bank agrees to help)
             | will take as long as the bank takes to recover funds_
             | 
             | What's your source on that? As far as I know, Regulation E
             | generally requires banks to make good on errors in
             | electronic fund transfers (including ACH transfers for
             | which the customer is not liable) within 10 days of being
             | notified. That can be in the form of a provisional credit
             | while an investigation is ongoing, though.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | That's what makes this particularly galling since Zelle
               | is just a frontend to ACH.
        
         | hervature wrote:
         | > Find a decent bank with 2FA. None of the big banks are
         | decent, they have minimum balances, piles of fees.
         | 
         | Can you clarify this. Are big banks not secure enough or are
         | they not decent because of the minimum balance and "piles of
         | fees"? I would rather pay something for security.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | itake wrote:
         | > * Never use that debit card for anything but the ATM and bank
         | teller authentication. In fact, don't even carry it with you,
         | in case you lose your wallet or somebody tries to take it. Not
         | every bank makes it easy to turn debit card off.
         | 
         | Some businesses only accept debit cards (like WinCo [0]). :-/ I
         | guess you can just not do business with them.
         | 
         | > * For sending money to friends if everybody has iPhones,
         | Apple's Cash functionality is good enough.
         | 
         | I wish... but how do you transfer money internationally? I
         | don't think Apple Cash is adopted abroad yet.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.wincofoods.com/customer-service/faqs/
        
           | nilespotter wrote:
           | They take cash.
        
           | zippergz wrote:
           | Yes, I specifically do not do business at stores and gas
           | stations that only take debit cards.
        
           | kylehotchkiss wrote:
           | > I wish... but how do you transfer money internationally?
           | 
           | Wise.com. I lived abroad for a bit and relied entirely on
           | Wise (well, they were called transferwise then). Could send
           | money abroad faster than I could send funds to anybody in
           | USA.
           | 
           | Of course, any international financial service is very KYC
           | heavy and can suspend access to you/lock your funds at any
           | time so always have a backup plan ready as wire transfers are
           | really scary (foreign banks don't want to release funds? no
           | recourse for you!)
        
         | doubled112 wrote:
         | Banking in Canada is rough too.
         | 
         | TD Canada Trust didn't let me use more than 8 alphanumeric
         | characters in my password until about 2015. The only let you
         | use call or SMS for 2FA to this day.
         | 
         | They are charging $16.95/mo for a chequing account right now.
         | 
         | This is pretty standard across the big banks.
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | Is there any reason why they limit the length of passwords or
           | don't allow certain characters? It makes no sense to me.
        
             | freeone3000 wrote:
             | It's so you can enter your password over a touch-tone
             | phone.
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | As fun general rules of thumb:
             | 
             | Hard 8 character limits are often a side-effect of old
             | COBOL "databases" in the backend somewhere.
             | 
             | Hard 16 character limits are sometimes a side-effect of old
             | versions of Active Directory in the backend somewhere or
             | new versions of Active Directory in certain backward
             | compatibility operation modes/certain group policies.
             | 
             | Hard character limits in general are often a sign that
             | someone is storing the plaintext somewhere they shouldn't
             | be.
             | 
             | (Soft character limits today are mostly to avoid possible
             | hash function DDoS.)
        
               | EvanAnderson wrote:
               | The 14 character password limit in some versions of
               | Windows is a side effect of using LM and NTLM (original
               | "flavor", not NTLMv2) hashes used in Windows NT domains
               | and maintaining compatibility therewith. It's not related
               | to Active Directory, per se.
               | 
               | Nobody should be using LM or NTLM hashes anymore today,
               | for all that that means... >sigh<
        
           | auxym wrote:
           | I believe Scotia/Tangerine are still _6-digits only_ for
           | passwords. Really. And I have yet to see any Canadian
           | financial institution (whether bank, brokerage, credit union,
           | etc) that supports anything else than SMS for 2FA.
           | 
           | The situation is quite rough indeed.
        
             | angst_ridden wrote:
             | RBC allows use of their mobile app as 2FA. I don't believe
             | it uses SMS under the hood.
             | 
             | I'm not arguing it's necessarily more secure. I haven't
             | audited it or looked into how it works.
        
         | kwesthaus wrote:
         | Don't forget about preemptive security freezes at credit
         | bureaus, which you have to do for each one individually.
         | /r/personalfinance recommends 7 by default [0], but there are
         | many more [1].
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/wiki/identity_theft...
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_consumer-...
        
           | nilespotter wrote:
           | Great info, I had a freeze on 6/7 of these. What are the
           | ramifications of freezing LexisNexis?
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | When I did it, all it meant was anyone offering a line of
           | credit to me if I'm not present right in front of them is
           | supposed to call me to verify I want it. It's not even really
           | any inconvenience to have "frozen" credit.
           | 
           | Why the everloving fuck that's not the default, but something
           | you have to request, I have no idea.
        
         | agloeregrets wrote:
         | > Credit unions are good, but you want one that isn't too
         | local, which can limit you to credit unions specific to
         | military/veterans/families
         | 
         | Having seen a bit of the inside: Local credit unions are
         | generally pure trash at security. Hell, a local one had an
         | internal meltdown from the HR person looking up prior
         | employee's personal account to harass them with a LIST OF THEIR
         | PERSONAL PURCHASES. (WTAF)
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | The same happens in health care. The system is full of traps
         | that a customer/patient can't reasonably navigate.
        
         | Arrath wrote:
         | > * Never use that debit card for anything but the ATM and bank
         | teller authentication. In fact, don't even carry it with you,
         | in case you lose your wallet or somebody tries to take it. Not
         | every bank makes it easy to turn debit card off.
         | 
         | I take this one a step farther and don't even have a debit
         | card, just an atm/cash card. It cannot be used to make
         | purchases anywhere, only to get cash from an ATM. Any and all
         | purchases I make are either cash, or with a credit card.
         | 
         | Some banks may look at you weird when you request such a card,
         | or act like they don't do them (anymore), but my credit unions
         | have accommodated me.
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | > I take this one a step farther and don't even have a debit
           | card, just an atm/cash card
           | 
           | I did this too, unfortunately I went through multiple banks
           | as they rolled out debit cards for all accounts and stopped
           | offering ATM cards, until now I unfortunately have a debit
           | card. It seems this isn't really an option anymore.
        
             | hey2022 wrote:
             | I keep my debit card locked. If I need to use it--which
             | happens once or twice a year--I unlock it and then
             | immediately lock back again.
        
         | kome wrote:
         | why banking in Europe is much much better?
        
           | diordiderot wrote:
           | Because we don't have freedom like America /s
        
       | cityzen wrote:
       | Same banks that make, literally, billions off overdraft and other
       | fees? Shocking.
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | The article and headline are somewhat in disagreement. Or at
       | least, the headline is an over simplification. From the article,
       | most rejected fraud claims are for cases where the victim was
       | deceived (social engineering) into sending a Zelle transfer to a
       | fraudster, rather than in cases of account takeover. In fact, the
       | majority of the article is about Zelle, rather than takeovers.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Banks should obviously do their best to prevent and revert
         | fraudulent behavior, but there are points past which they can't
         | do anything without just refunding out of the goodness of their
         | (perhaps cold and small) hearts.
         | 
         | If I convince you to withdraw thousands of dollars in cash and
         | then skip town with it, do we expect the bank to make you
         | whole?
        
           | wewtyflakes wrote:
           | I would expect the banks to talk to each other in good faith
           | and reverse the transaction.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | Please re-read the hypothetical - there is no second bank;
             | it involves giving cash to a fraudster.
        
           | snotrockets wrote:
           | Yes.
           | 
           | Banks are given a monopoly over an unavoidable, and very
           | lucrative, aspect of modern life. No reason to give them that
           | for free.
        
           | guntab-dan wrote:
           | Exactly - we can't expect banks to pay when their customers
           | get themselves scammed.
           | 
           | I think the solution is escrow. I am biased, because I work
           | for an escrow company, but I've never seen a more effective
           | approach. Hold the money until the buyer has what they paid
           | for, and only then release the money to the seller. (To be
           | fair, escrow does tend to be more expensive than simple money
           | transfer, so it's not all upside.)
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Yeah, and we do escrow for large value things (houses).
             | Other than that, since it's not well known, people don't
             | bother with it for smaller things. Would you trust me if I
             | told you I was the "escrow account" manager, heh?
        
           | gtowey wrote:
           | I think the issue is that without regulations forcing banks
           | to serve customers better, they will simply abandon all
           | responsibility completely because it's cheaper for them. And
           | since we see that with Zelle, banks will collude to all hose
           | customers in the same way, the free market is not a solution.
           | 
           | It would be trivial for banks to give customers better fraud
           | protection tools and enable better recovery, but they clearly
           | don't care. * For one, since you can't have a bank account
           | anonymously the receiving bank knows exactly who stole the
           | money. They should at least be able to refer them for
           | criminal investigation. * Two, since they own the machinery
           | of transferring the money, yes they can easily reverse
           | fraudulent transactions -- the bank doesn't have to take a
           | loss since the fraudster has to have an account with them.
           | They know who to take it back from. * The fraudster withdrew
           | the money and ran? ACH transfers have always taken up to 15
           | days to "clear" -- banks wouldn't let you withdraw money you
           | just deposited exactly for this reason, to verify that the
           | sending bank actually has the funds and there are no issues.
           | Why can't Zelle let the sender specify a "hold" period so
           | there is time to dispute the transfer and the funds can be
           | recovered?
           | 
           | Basically is seems to me that a modern digital payment
           | systems _must_ have a kind of escrow service built in. IMHO
           | this is what we need the law to require banks to do. In
           | combination there needs to be a payment dispute resolution
           | system which would probably take the form of a kind of
           | arbitration system not unlike the role small claims court
           | plays. This is something the banks should lobby the
           | government to provide since doing it themselves would clearly
           | get complicated and expensive.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Deep down you have the dichotomy between "instant payment"
             | and "refundable payment".
             | 
             | If I'm selling you a car, I don't want a Zelle transfer for
             | the money that I know you could claim was fraud and claw
             | back from me - then I'm out the money AND the car; I'll
             | demand cash in that case.
        
               | gtowey wrote:
               | Right, which is why you can't do this without impartial
               | arbitration.
               | 
               | Essentially each transaction that is "refundable" is an
               | implied contract between parties and it should be
               | verifiable. Such as in the case of a car sale it is
               | pretty easy for a third party to check if the car was
               | received.
               | 
               | Or somehow have a notary to witness and verify the
               | transaction.
               | 
               | This is the basic problem is that you can't have instant
               | transfers with fraud prevention. It's impossible to claim
               | that banks don't understand this and IMHO it should be
               | considered criminal negligence that they pushed this
               | product on consumers knowing that it just exposes them to
               | easy fraud.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Chase at least is popping up a bold social engineering warning
         | whenever you're attempting to send a Zelle payment to a new
         | contact, or the underlying account has changed for an existing
         | contact.
         | 
         | There are table stakes (security and financial controls,
         | prudent IAM and MFA, etc), and then there are folks who will
         | fail even with the most robust guardrails attempting to protect
         | them.
        
         | amerkhalid wrote:
         | A lot of people (and small businesses) share their Zelle
         | accounts and different name shows up when sending money.
         | Whenever I am sending a big amount via Zelle, I send $1 first.
         | Then check with recipient to verify.
        
         | tialaramex wrote:
         | The "Zelle transfer" examples seem to be a US equivalent of
         | Push Fraud, which was big in the UK. In the UK's Push Fraud
         | there's no third party (Zelle) involved, victims are persuaded
         | they should send money from their account to an account
         | controlled by the bad guys, using Faster Payments, which just
         | moves money (up to PS1M) from one UK bank account to another UK
         | bank account, in theory within one business day in practice
         | typically instantly.
         | 
         | Push Fraud was significantly hampered (~solved?) by requiring
         | that the recipient name field, rather than just being for your
         | own note of who you sent money to (so e.g. "Jenny birthday" or
         | "Fucking Landlord") must closely match the recipient's account
         | name, which as a result of Know Your Customer checks should be
         | a legal name of some sort.
         | 
         | There's a back-and-forth mechanism, so it was at first
         | (presumably got better with practice) harder to pay companies
         | with hard to spell or weirdly punctuated names, but hey, better
         | I can't send money to "Pat Smith" (nope, his name is _Matthew_
         | and that 's Smythe not Smith) than that my PS800 000 for a
         | house goes to a crook who sent me an email pretending to be
         | from my lawyers.
         | 
         | Because Faster Payments was a legal requirement, operated by a
         | regulated entity that's ultimately paid for by the banks, it
         | was presumably easier to write a law saying how it needs to be
         | secured, whereas Zelle is a third party unrelated to the banks.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | Zelle is essentially the same as Faster Payments here; the
           | legal structure of it being a third party seems more or less
           | irrelevant. I don't think regulating it will be a problem for
           | the CFPB or other US regulators.
        
             | arrosenberg wrote:
             | The company that owns Zelle is owned by a cartel of the
             | biggest banks and Navy Federal CU.
        
           | rr808 wrote:
           | Yeah its fascinating that quick payments probably is more of
           | a problem than a benefit.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Do you think? What I see is that it's a useful way to move
             | money and, as expected, crooks wanted to use it to steal
             | money.
             | 
             | It's more remarkable when we invent things that move money
             | and _don 't_ get used for crime.
             | 
             | For example the UK's Direct Debit turns out to be almost
             | useless for crime, because it can be unwound, so, if you
             | use it to steal money you run into two closely related
             | problems:
             | 
             | 1. When the victim realises they just undo the transaction,
             | and get their money back
             | 
             | 2. Because the bank doesn't want to be on the hook for
             | that, their capital requirements to allow Direct Debit are
             | eye watering. Out of reach of ordinary crooks.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | What's the defense against abuse of #1 - that's the usual
               | problem we see with perfectly reversible transactions.
        
         | c3534l wrote:
         | Yeah, its not like the bank gave access to your account to the
         | wrong person and now they're not paying you back. You did
         | something with stuff you legitimately own and control and now
         | you regret it. That's a big difference to me.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | trothamel wrote:
       | I've always found the Mitchell and Webb take on identity
       | theft/bank robbery to be a very interesting take on who's
       | responsible:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CS9ptA3Ya9E
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | It's a stroke of genius how the banks managed to make the
         | victims of bad security practice at banks responsible for these
         | problems.
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | Yes. We really let creditors hoodwink us when we let them
         | invent the idea of "identity theft" instead of what it is: "You
         | trusted some fraudster's claim they were who they said they
         | were."
         | 
         | One puts the onus on the defrauded company to fix their house;
         | the other puts it on a third-party with no involvement in the
         | transaction to... Make it harder? For strangers to lie and tell
         | other strangers they are the person with the "stolen identity?"
         | 
         | We could have drastically changed the landscape on this if the
         | first time a company came after someone whose identity was
         | stolen for money not paid the government had responded with not
         | only a "no" but a fine for using the law to harass a stranger.
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | >We really let creditors hoodwink us when we let them invent
           | the idea of "identity theft" instead of what it is: "You
           | trusted some fraudster's claim they were who they said they
           | were."
           | 
           | This pissed me off so much. Victim blaming and they get away
           | with it.
        
             | drdec wrote:
             | It's not victim blaming. They (the creditors) are the
             | victims and they expect you to make them whole.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | They expect strangers unrelated to the actual fraudulent
               | transaction to make them whole.
        
               | boole1854 wrote:
               | To be fair, from the creditor's perspective it is often
               | unclear whether the transaction was really illegitimate.
               | Fraud in which the consumer falsely claims they were the
               | victim of identity theft is a real phenomenon, in the
               | same way that there is real insurance fraud where
               | consumers falsely claim to be victims of physical theft.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | That is because creditor's have every incentive to make
               | sure they only barely perform identity verification. It's
               | not at all uncommon to find out about people who discover
               | someone else took out a loan in their name, but is
               | actually making payments on it. It happens when someone
               | is wanted for criminal investigations, an illegal
               | immigrant, or just has crap credit.
               | 
               | Crappy identity verification basically widens their
               | customer base.
        
               | boole1854 wrote:
               | As someone who works in a consumer loan-related field, I
               | know from experience that this is not correct. With very
               | few exceptions, creditors do _not_ have incentives to
               | barely perform identity verification. Even if 90% of
               | identity thieves paid back their loans, the losses on the
               | remaining 10% would swamp any profits -- and of course
               | far fewer than 90% of identity thieves pay back their
               | loans. Industry losses due to incorrect identity
               | verification are in the tens of billions annually. There
               | are many vendors that financial institutions pay big
               | bucks to in order to improve their ability to correctly
               | perform identity verification. However, like everything
               | else, there are tradeoffs involved, and it is rarely if
               | ever optimal to try to push identity fraud to nil.
        
         | overthemoon wrote:
         | Maybe I'm naive but I've never thought about it this way.
        
         | invalidOrTaken wrote:
         | It is absolutely insane.
         | 
         | If the bank lends me money and I lose it, they expect to be
         | paid back.
         | 
         | But if I lend _them_ money, and _they_ lose it, this is...my
         | fault?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This is why, in the US, you want to use a credit card, not Zelle,
       | for anything which might require reversal. The terms for credit
       | cards are set by Federal law, and they favor the cardholder.
       | Terms for debit systems such as Zelle are more like handing cash
       | to someone.
        
         | jcadam wrote:
         | I have an Amex Platinum card and the few times I've disputed a
         | charge they've usually found in favor of the merchant
         | (particularly if the merchant is a large company).
         | 
         | The one notable time they actually found in my favor and
         | refunded me was a recurring charge I'd repeatedly tried to
         | cancel with the merchant and eventually I threatened to close
         | my account with Amex.
         | 
         | "Oh, really? Alright, I want to close my account."
         | 
         | "Oh, hold on sir, let me try again..."
         | 
         | Effing $800/year in annual fees for this crap.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | Amex went down the tubes about 10 or so years ago. Their CS
           | is terrible now. Prices went up, perks went down. The only
           | card even worth entertaining is their blue cash, for 6%
           | grocery.
        
         | snotrockets wrote:
         | Zelle is also covered by federal regulation (Reg E). Banks just
         | would very much like you to ignore that.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Frauds and scams should be solved with heavy jail time or death
       | and policing across borders.
        
       | kelthuzad wrote:
       | > When U.S. consumers have their online bank accounts hijacked
       | and plundered by hackers, U.S. financial institutions are legally
       | obligated to reverse any unauthorized transactions as long as the
       | victim reports the fraud in a timely manner. But new data
       | released this week suggests that for some of the nation's largest
       | banks, reimbursing account takeover victims has become more the
       | exception than the rule.
       | 
       | I always knew that some of the pro arguments for centralized
       | systems were suspect, but it's good to have some evidence for it
       | now.
       | 
       | Now I wonder how many other cases that are touted as arguments
       | for centralized systems don't hold up to any scrutiny.
        
         | vore wrote:
         | Even if the bank is not offering recourse, there is at least a
         | mechanism for recourse. Decentralized banking just has no
         | recourse at all, so it really just seems strictly worse here.
        
           | datadata wrote:
           | I would argue that a system claiming to have recourse that
           | doesn't actually work (taking this article for its word), is
           | slightly worse than a system without recourse that explicitly
           | states there is not recourse. People will be much more
           | reckless and thus likely to be victims of fraud if they are
           | told fraud is reversible.
        
           | notch656a wrote:
           | Having crypto w/ absolutely no recourse has allowed me to
           | save money on buying silver vs say a credit card and faster
           | clearing than wire or ACH. Recourse means the seller has to
           | bear a risk you may find a way to yank the money back, and at
           | least with precious metals "yuh pay extra for dat."
           | 
           | As a seller, or a buyer dealing with someone I trust,
           | recourse is a serious hazard I want to avoid. For this reason
           | I demand cash or crypto when selling items.
        
         | vsareto wrote:
         | This only seems like it started in 2021. Up until then, those
         | arguments were sound. It's worth reconsideration if this is now
         | the trend, but can you really defend the position that you
         | thought those arguments were suspect because you knew banks
         | were going to stop fraud corrections? While simultaneously
         | preferring systems that never had it at all?
        
           | kelthuzad wrote:
           | I doubt that it only started in 2021, unless you have
           | evidence for it.
           | 
           | >but can you really defend the position that you thought
           | those arguments were suspect because you knew banks were
           | going to stop fraud corrections?
           | 
           | I knew those arguments were suspect, because the very same
           | thing that makes such an intervention possible is the very
           | same thing that makes it unreliable: a central authority,
           | that first and foremost acts in its own best interest and is
           | prone to corruption, abuse of power and what have you.
           | 
           | > While simultaneously preferring systems that never had it
           | at all?
           | 
           | You can still build such a system on top of a decentralized
           | system and put your trust in random 3rd parties, if for
           | whatever reason that happens to float your boat.
        
         | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
         | The banks aren't going to make you whole when withdraw a
         | thousand bucks from the ATM and send it to someone. These
         | denied refunds follow the same principle. There are warnings
         | all over every zelle implementation I've used saying that using
         | zelle is like using cash, don't send it to someone you don't
         | know, etc. But people still do it anyways.
         | 
         | Btw crypto is worse on this in every way and there is no system
         | that actually solves this problem. I wonder if it is even
         | possible to solve.
        
           | twblalock wrote:
           | For large transactions this is somewhat solved by escrow
           | companies.
           | 
           | In the end it all has to come down to trust. If all
           | transactions were easy to reverse, we would see the opposite
           | problem: scammers who pay people money and the. demand it
           | back, claiming fraud.
        
             | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
             | Yep. Happens in the credit card world all the time. Porn is
             | a good example of a business that has a lot of trouble
             | functioning due to fraudulent chargebacks.
        
               | twblalock wrote:
               | That is in fact the real reason some credit card
               | companies won't let you pay for porn. Amex was preventing
               | it for years before it was a PR/wokeness issue.
               | 
               | The scenario is, someone pays for porn, their spouse sees
               | it on the bill and gets really angry, and the other
               | person says it wasn't me, it must have been fraud! So
               | they file a chargeback.
        
           | livueta wrote:
           | > Btw crypto is worse on this in every way
           | 
           | In a technical sense you're correct; in both cases the
           | transactions are effectively irreversible. That said, I think
           | there is an important difference:
           | 
           | Everyone (well, kinda) knows that a crypto transaction is
           | irreversible; that's basically the point. Because of this, it
           | is expected and normal to layer on extra systems to cope with
           | the risk of not having an authority to dispute stuff to.
           | Consider darknet markets: they use escrow and reputation
           | systems to protect both parties.
           | 
           | But everyone (well, kinda, in the same sense as the above)
           | also knows traditional financial institutions are "safe" and
           | that transactions are reversible. That false sense of
           | security means other security/resolution methods aren't
           | considered, so when the centralized authority has a bad day
           | the end user is out of luck.
           | 
           | But isn't an escrow system just another centralized
           | authority? Sure, but at least I can choose what escrow system
           | I want to interact with. The banking cartel behind Zelle
           | doesn't afford me the same degree of choice, and using small
           | credit unions isn't a panacea either because they farm out
           | everything complicated to one or another of the payment
           | cartels. Quality of escrow system is an important
           | discriminator when choosing a DNM; I wish I could assess
           | various traditional financial institutions' likeliness to rip
           | me off as effectively.
           | 
           | If centralized financial institutions want to act like crypto
           | in terms of irreversibility, fine, but I think the scale of
           | the problem described in TFA indicates that some "are you
           | suuuuuuuuuuuuure you want to send money to Joe Blow" popups
           | in the app aren't enough to overcome that aegis of "this is a
           | safe institution" floating around in the public
           | consciousness. I see it as more a problem of false
           | advertising than anything else, really. Copy from the landing
           | page of their site:
           | 
           | > Zelle(r) works between U.S.-based banks. Which means, even
           | if you bank somewhere different than your friends and family
           | do,1 you can still use Zelle(r) to safely send and receive
           | money straight from your banking app.
           | 
           | > safely
           | 
           | Obviously it's not a legal doc or anything, but I'd argue the
           | service is both explicitly and implicitly casting itself as
           | akin to a bank-provided service like a credit card, not
           | something as wild west as cash.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | Is Zelle really like using cash? It seems closer to an
           | electronic transfer than withdrawing dollar bills. With cash
           | they have no way to know what I'm doing with the money but
           | with a transfer, they know a little bit more and so they have
           | more responsibilities (IMHO).
        
             | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
             | It is the intentional decision of zelle to be like using
             | cash in terms of rollback guarantees. This is so that
             | payees can accept it like cash. There's no way to balance
             | the scales -- the payment system that can be rolled back
             | has its own issues.
        
               | brigade wrote:
               | That decision is as exactly as legally binding as the
               | signs on trucks disavowing liability for falling debris.
               | 
               | Banks might be trying to pretend Zelle isn't covered by
               | Regulation E, but I haven't heard any good argument for
               | why it doesn't apply, other than arguments similar to
               | yours that they simply don't want it to.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | Banks are not arguing that Zelle isn't covered by
               | Regulation E.
               | 
               | Regulation E talks about liability for "unauthorized
               | transactions". Those are transfers "from a consumer's
               | account initiated by a person other than the consumer
               | without actual authority to initiate the transfer".
               | 
               | If you initiated the transfer but were misled into doing
               | so or provided the wrong payment information or whatever,
               | it's still an authorized transaction from Regulation E's
               | perspective; so you are still liable for it. The only
               | exception is if you were induced by force to initiate the
               | transfer.
        
               | brigade wrote:
               | Authorization isn't "I authorize my account to be debited
               | $X", it's "I authorize my account to be debited $X by
               | Party Y"
               | 
               | Errors under Reg E include any instance where Party Y is
               | not who receives the funds, including wrong payment info.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | That is not what the law says; what's your basis for it?
        
               | asdfasgasdgasdg wrote:
               | People are welcome to challenge the banks in court. It
               | will be no skin off my back if they win. But I guess the
               | banks have good reason that believe that they can defend
               | their practices successfully. If not it will be the end
               | of Venmo, cash app, and zelle -- or at least the free
               | transfer features of those apps.
        
               | brigade wrote:
               | The "good reason" is that it's an extension of how banks
               | have always treated fraudulent debits until you show
               | knowledge of the Reg E dispute process, so it makes it
               | outside of first-level customer support.
               | 
               | And it won't be the end of free electronic transfers,
               | it'll just mean acknowledging that those transfers aren't
               | any more final than writing a check.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | If they can't rollback the transaction, Zelle should
               | reimburse customers itself.
        
               | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
               | We have other payment systems like credit cards which
               | work that way. The inevitable consequences are that
               | permissions to receive payments are tightly locked down,
               | and the network charges fees to help cover the cost of
               | fraudulent transactions.
        
       | hayst4ck wrote:
       | For any of the types of people who are against taxes and
       | regulation, that type of policy results in a world where outcomes
       | of disputes are able to be dictated solely on the basis of who
       | has more power or resources.
       | 
       | I'd rather live in a world where banks are solely responsible for
       | fraudulent withdrawals than one where banks can shirk
       | responsibility to their patrons. That is only possible through
       | regulation.
       | 
       | That's why it's important to vote for people who aren't afraid to
       | create regulations, and that's why it's important to question
       | people who claim that "the free market will eventually result in
       | reasonable outcomes."
        
         | smeej wrote:
         | Here's the thing about fraud, though: It's next to impossible
         | to prove.
         | 
         | There is NO visible difference between "I sent my new friend
         | thousands of dollars because she's trying to start a new
         | business and I'm investing...but now the business has gone
         | under and I regret investing so I'm just going to tell the bank
         | it was unauthorized," and, "I just sent my new friend thousands
         | of dollars because she's trying to start a business and I'm
         | investing...but now I've realized she was really a liar and
         | there was no business."
         | 
         | Proving account takeover (ATO) is easier. There's some new IP
         | (unless you gave someone remote access to your own device), new
         | mouse behavior (yes this is a thing some institutions track),
         | whatever.
         | 
         | But when you're the one who signed into your own bank account
         | and sent your own money, _you have every right to do that,_
         | even if you 're sending it somewhere stupid that you later
         | regret.
         | 
         | It's not up to the bank to protect you from your own stupidity.
         | They just hold the money for you that you want to keep. Telling
         | you that you can't send it somewhere you explicitly want to
         | send it because they don't think it's a good idea isn't their
         | job.
         | 
         | That's what they're calling "fraud" or "scams" here, and
         | there's no reason your bank should be on the hook because you
         | did something dumb with your own money.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Exactly, as systems get more secure, indirect/third-party
           | fraud decreases and direct fraud becomes caught more.
           | 
           | How many people "chargeback" porn that they actually paid for
           | because they got "caught"? As systems get better and better
           | at preventing fraud, those chargebacks become harder and
           | harder to believe.
        
           | brigade wrote:
           | > It's not up to the bank to protect you from your own
           | stupidity.
           | 
           | It is their legal obligation to reverse illegitimate
           | transfers. Explicitly for ACH, and there's no good reason
           | they should be exempt from this obligation just because the
           | transfer was via Zelle instead of ACH. Which _includes_ a
           | mistaken recipient or amount, even without any fraud.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | > _Which includes a mistaken recipient or amount, even
             | without any fraud._
             | 
             | You keep saying that; but that's not what Regulation E
             | says.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | > It's next to impossible to prove.
           | 
           | Is it impossible to prevent?
           | 
           | What types of entities are in a position to be most able to
           | prevent fraud?
           | 
           | What kinds of interventions can mitigate fraud?
           | 
           | > That's what they're calling "fraud" or "scams" here, and
           | there's no reason your bank should be on the hook because you
           | did something dumb with your own money.
           | 
           | On this point we disagree. My viewpoint is one of "what
           | entity has the most ability to do something about the
           | problem". Yours is one of individual responsibility.
           | 
           | I would prefer the bank do something to protect my vulnerable
           | grandma from doing something wrong to one where her mental
           | decline and therefore her inability to comprehend her
           | impending mistake is her responsibility.
        
         | robswc wrote:
         | Regulations aren't some magic want that don't come with side
         | effects, though. IMO, they tend to not address the root
         | problems and only add layers of abstraction.
         | 
         | One of the best examples of this is how Sweden irrevocably
         | killed their financial markets by trying to just squeeze out a
         | bit more tax revenue and limit speculation. The cost of that
         | mistake has to be in the billions and IMO, we'll see the end of
         | Sweden as a nation before we see it "recover" its markets.
        
         | cowtools wrote:
         | >I'd rather live in a world where banks are solely responsible
         | for fraudulent withdrawals than one where banks can shirk
         | responsibility to their patrons. That is only possible through
         | regulation.
         | 
         | I'd rather live in a world in which effective security measures
         | prevent fraud than a world in which there are weak security
         | measures and endless debates as to who should be blamed when
         | they fail. Regardless of your political stance, I think we can
         | agree that the system is more technicially-broken than it is
         | socially-broken.
         | 
         | I think understanding the problem in solely in terms of
         | more/less regulation is a bone-headed thing to do.
         | 
         | I think what we have isn't a free market but a duopoly of
         | mastercard/visa each with control over their respective domain.
         | You can't upgrade the security, privacy, or efficiency of the
         | network because the big players benefit from the insecurity,
         | surveilance, and inefficiency.
         | 
         | Decreased regulation will probably increase their stranglehold
         | on the industry, as you've noted. Increased regulation will
         | cement current ineffective practices and make different
         | buisness models impossible.
         | 
         | People turn to cryptocurrency, not because it's more
         | private/secure/etc but because it is the most
         | private/secure/etc system that works without the permission of
         | the big rent-seekers.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | You are missing the forest for the trees -> there will always
           | be some fraud, and thus a devision must be made regarding who
           | is responsible.
           | 
           | Furthermore, if the bank don't suffer from faud, they have no
           | incentive to fight it. So there will be no effective securiry
        
             | cowtools wrote:
             | You can just have a voluntary system wherein people decide
             | beforehand how funds are distributed in the case of fraud.
             | 
             | That doesn't necessarily require a third party like a bank
             | to surveil and supervise every transaction.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | > I'd rather live in a world in which effective security
           | measures prevent fraud than a world in which there are weak
           | security measures and endless debates as to who should be
           | blamed when they fail. Regardless of your political stance, I
           | think we can agree that the system is more technicially-
           | broken than it is socially-broken.
           | 
           | But this _is_ a problem of responsibility. Customer
           | responsibility is an O(people) security problem. Bank
           | responsibility is an O(banks) problem. In terms of alignment
           | to fraud mitigation, bank responsibility leads to better
           | technical security because they become the implementers of it
           | to protect their own interests.
           | 
           | From an outcome based perspective banks must be accountable.
           | 
           | > I think understanding the problem in solely in terms of
           | more/less regulation is a bone-headed thing to do.
           | 
           | I don't have a more/less regulation perspective. I have a
           | correct/incorrect regulation perspective.
           | 
           | > People turn to cryptocurrency, not because it's more
           | private/secure/etc but because it is the most
           | private/secure/etc system that works without the permission
           | of the big rent-seekers.
           | 
           | But it isn't. It might be more secure because the average
           | crypto holder is more savvy, but in terms of security
           | properties, I wouldn't let my mom have a crypto wallet, and
           | without a direct wallet, I don't see how crypto has different
           | properties than a bank (an entity making transactions on your
           | behalf), the interface is the same, but the implementation
           | details are different. No?
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | I'd say that crypto personally held in a hardware wallet is
             | less secure against the sort of frauds described in the
             | article, where the victim personally authorizes a
             | transaction, because there's nobody you can even ask for a
             | refund.
             | 
             | But hardware-secured crypto is much more secure against
             | _unauthorized_ access (e.g. a SIM swap without the user 's
             | involvement). After getting familiar with crypto, it
             | boggles my mind that we handle so many payments by giving
             | full credentials to the payee and just trusting them not to
             | abuse it or be careless with it. Public keys have been
             | around since the 1970s. Why don't we give retailers a
             | digital signature authorizing a specific transaction? Why
             | are we still using insecure 2FA and user-supplied passwords
             | for bank website access?
             | 
             | Ideally, we'd put secure elements and social recovery
             | wallets in all our phones, and use them for everything.
             | It's what we need for crypto, but we could use the same
             | tech as access control for banking systems.
        
             | cowtools wrote:
             | >But it isn't. It might be more secure because the average
             | crypto holder is more savvy, but in terms of security
             | properties, I wouldn't let my mom have a crypto wallet, and
             | without a direct wallet, I don't see how crypto has
             | different properties than a bank (an entity making
             | transactions on your behalf), the interface is the same,
             | but the implementation details are different. No?
             | 
             | It's true to some extent that crypto users are more savvy
             | than most, but I think cryptocurrency also has obviously
             | superior security properties to the conventional banking
             | system, technically speaking. In the conventional banking
             | system, there are no "savvy" users because everyone is
             | equally insecure no matter what. In the conventional
             | banking systems it's all based on trust. Trust that the
             | bank obeys the law, trust that law enforcement is not
             | corrupt, etc. The security mechanisms of cryptocurrency are
             | at most a superset of what you can do with the conventional
             | banking systems. If you want to have a third party
             | supervising transactions, you use 2-of-3 multisig for
             | example (https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/Multisignature).
             | If don't trust your family member to authorize payments
             | without you, you use 2-of-2 multisig. If you don't trust
             | yourself to not lose your keys, you back them up. If you
             | want to limit your risk, you keep a small amount of
             | cryptocurrency in a "hot" wallet.
             | 
             | Secondly, I don't think that the idea of a keypair is
             | beyond the understanding of an average person. They
             | effectively already know how to manage secrets in the
             | current system: passwords, bank routing numbers, etc. It's
             | just that the keypair is superior to these systems of
             | authentication which often require you to reveal the secret
             | itself to authenticate (credit card number), do not have
             | enough entropy (4-digit-pin), are open source (E.g.
             | security questions like "what's your mother's maiden
             | name?"), or rely on other centralized systems (SMS-based
             | 2FA). Even if you implemented some sort of "custodial
             | keypair" that allowed you to transparently sign
             | transactions without revealing your secret, that would be a
             | major improvement over the current system which is based on
             | (typically bad) secrets.
             | 
             | In many ways, the conventional banking system is _more_
             | complicated than cryptocurrency, because the failures of
             | cryptocurrencies are  "solid" and well-defined (e.g. 51%
             | attacks, MITM attacks, etc.) while the failures of the
             | conventional banking system are "soft and fuzzy". For
             | example, I was reading about a scam the other day wherein
             | the attacker sends the victim a fake check, and asks them
             | to cash out the money- this scam works because banks
             | generally accept checks before validating them, allowing
             | you to spend money that hasn't been validated yet and then
             | charging you later. You might think this is obvious as a
             | boomer, but as a zoomer who has never cashed a check
             | before, this is not obvious at all.
             | 
             | And I'm not necessarily saying that cryptocurrency is the
             | end-all-be-all of payment systems. There are superior
             | systems like chaumian cash (https://taler.net/en/) but they
             | require the permission of the existing banking system
             | (which generally profits off providing services that
             | surveil users and """fix""" the existing insecurity), so
             | they haven't taken off.
             | 
             | I get the impression that regulation will never fix this
             | because the nuances at hand will go over the head of any
             | lawmaker who has merely accepted the insecurity of the
             | status quo. I think that even if you get some libertarian
             | or pro-cryptocurrency person in office which doesn't accept
             | the current system, I highly doubt that they would make the
             | right decision needed- it's more likely that any pro-
             | cryptocurrency candidate is just going act in a way that
             | benefits cryptocurrency owners.
             | 
             | Compare this to a topic like net neutrality. Even though I
             | am a libertarian, I am more aligned with the democrats'
             | views on net neutrality because of the obama
             | administration's actions. Why? Not because the democrats
             | are especially aligned to solve this problem, but merely
             | they happened to have a good cabinet member or something
             | that happened to understand the issue that election cycle
             | and advise obama on that issue. It seems just as likely to
             | me that the opposite might happen, albeit the democrats
             | tend to be more pro-consumer in general. My point being
             | that elected officials will not campaign on this because it
             | is too nuanced, so solving this through politics is futile.
             | It is better to just to improve cryptocurrency (or some
             | other non-permissive technical solution) until it is
             | competitive and forces the government/banking system to
             | adapt (e.g. Project Hamilton).
             | 
             | P.S. I don't understand what you mean by a "direct wallet"
             | here. A hardware wallet?
        
               | hayst4ck wrote:
               | I am pretty crypto naive. My understanding is that a
               | wallet is effectively a `private key => balance` and you
               | can use the private key to sign transactions which are
               | sent to a block chain where they are executed. So when I
               | said "direct wallet" I meant the private key.
               | 
               | My understanding is that many of the people who own
               | crypto do so through a third party, so there is a layer
               | of indirection. It's the difference between me having
               | cash in hand (money in my pocket I can directly use) and
               | me having cash in the bank (I tell my bank to send money
               | to someone else and they execute the transaction on my
               | behalf).
               | 
               | My mom has downloaded ransomeware before, so from that
               | perspective, I think crypto has worse security
               | properties. If transactions are executed indirectly, the
               | security properties are theoretically the same as
               | executing transactions through a bank and you are back in
               | a system of trust. Furthermore if a "cryptobank" gets
               | hacked, that money is not retrievable, while
               | theoretically in a system of pure fiat, the money might
               | not be retrievable, but the value could be refunded at
               | the cost of devaluing the currency as a whole.
               | 
               | As far as behind the scenes implementation details go, a
               | cryptographicly signed ledger with immutable history
               | makes sense, but I also generally trust banks, much less
               | so investment banks, and significantly less so the stock
               | market.
        
               | cowtools wrote:
               | >My understanding is that many of the people who own
               | crypto do so through a third party, so there is a layer
               | of indirection. It's the difference between me having
               | cash in hand (money in my pocket I can directly use) and
               | me having cash in the bank (I tell my bank to send money
               | to someone else and they execute the transaction on my
               | behalf).
               | 
               | This is quite true, and it is likely the largest problem
               | facing cryptocurrency today is this custodial use of it
               | (besides all of the get-rich-quick schemes). But at its
               | worst like this, cryptocurrency is a non-proprietary
               | inter-bank payment method that prevents double-spending
               | between banks. It is still superior to something like
               | zelle, paypal, or SWIFT so long as the fees are lower. If
               | cryptocurrency was the primary means of inter-bank
               | transfer, then it would be trivial for anyone to start a
               | new bank that could inter-network with the rest of the
               | banking system, so I expect banks would be a lot more
               | competitive (including on matters of privacy and
               | security).
               | 
               | >My mom has downloaded ransomeware before, so from that
               | perspective, I think crypto has worse security
               | properties. If transactions are executed indirectly, the
               | security properties are theoretically the same as
               | executing transactions through a bank and you are back in
               | a system of trust. Furthermore if a "cryptobank" gets
               | hacked, that money is not retrievable, while
               | theoretically in a system of pure fiat, the money might
               | not be retrievable, but
               | 
               | Hmm. yes this is sort of a complicated subject. But I'll
               | just re-iterate a point here which I may not have made as
               | clear earlier: that cryptocurrency allows you to
               | establish different levels of trust/risk through the
               | means by which you manage your keys. A lot of older
               | cryptocurrency users who don't practice good opsec will
               | use a hardware token to sign transactions. Another
               | example of what you could do is use a multi-signature
               | system that would make it so that multiple keys are
               | needed to move your funds (for example, they would have
               | to hack at least X of Y devices in order to move funds),
               | or simply have multiple wallets and limit the amount that
               | you have in each one.
               | 
               | And secondly, there are non-cryptocurrency ways of
               | implementing different levels of trust/risk that you
               | could integrate into the existing banking system, like
               | chaumian cash or even just using cryptographic keypairs
               | to authenticate transactions.
               | 
               | In other words, losses of cryptocurrency due to theft or
               | fraud are not always all-or-nothing. The difference
               | between cryptocurrency and the conventional banking
               | system is that you can decide your level of trust/risk
               | you want to take before you do a transaction, which
               | includes the use of a "cryptobank" (which could be secure
               | but have historically been very scammy compared to
               | conventional banks, see Mt Gox, Celcius, etc.).
               | 
               | >the value could be refunded at the cost of devaluing the
               | currency as a whole.
               | 
               | I am not sure that it's a desirable property that the
               | rest of society can bail out banks like you're
               | describing. I think in an ideal situation you would have
               | some sort of free-market-ish sort of way to balance the
               | risk vs reward of different security practices, whether
               | that's users voting with their dollar or with a middleman
               | like rating agencies or insurance. And those incentives
               | basically require the bank and its customers to lose
               | money when they get robbed (maybe through some middleman
               | like insurance).
               | 
               | If you look at serious cryptocurrency exchanges like
               | Kraken or Binance, there is a massive gap between
               | "cryptobank gets hacked and loses some of their funds"
               | and "cryptobank gets hacked and loses everything". They
               | keep a lot of their funds on separate, air-gapped,
               | offline systems, with the keys distributed between
               | multiple people. Those aren't funds that you can steal
               | with a normal cyber-attack: it would take pretty
               | persistent social engineering akin to widespread
               | corruption.
        
           | thewebcount wrote:
           | > I think what we have isn't a free market but a duopoly of
           | mastercard/visa each with control over their respective
           | domain. You can't upgrade the security, privacy, or
           | efficiency of the network because the big players benefit
           | from the insecurity, surveilance, and inefficiency.
           | 
           | What does that have to do with the article? Neither
           | MasterCard nor Visa is involved with Zelle, are they? The
           | article says it's controlled by a group of banks. Presumably
           | they've set up a new system, so they could make it as secure
           | as they'd like.
        
             | cowtools wrote:
             | It's just another proprietary network with its own
             | gatekeepers. I don't see what the fundamental change is
             | here over something like SWIFT.
             | 
             | It may only be temporarily competitive as it tries to
             | penetrate the market. Once it reaches a sufficient enough
             | market share, they will be able to hike up fees and
             | disregard users like the systems that came before it.
        
         | bobkazamakis wrote:
         | Correct but you've gotten off the subway at chud station and
         | the MBAs are going to be seething
        
         | rglover wrote:
         | > that type of policy results in a world where outcomes of
         | disputes are able to be dictated solely on the basis of who has
         | more power or resources.
         | 
         | We already live in that world. There's just an intermediary in
         | the form of the state.
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | > For any of the types of people who are against taxes and
         | regulation
         | 
         | Please don't introduce this kind of barely-related, politically
         | biased, emotionally-charged, tribalistic tangent into HN.
         | Virtually _nobody_ here (either in this thread, or on HN in
         | general) is arguing that taxes should be abolished or that
         | financial stuff should be deregulated. You 're just invoking
         | tribalism where there was none previously.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | > ... who has more power or resources.
         | 
         | I imagine it's been said before but I recently had the thought
         | that murder being illegal is a regulation of the market.
         | 
         | The point being that even the most staunch proponent of "free
         | markets" is probably going to draw the line somewhere that
         | defines a "not completely free market" which opens the door to
         | questioning where the line should be drawn. I think that's
         | always been the case but then you'll encounter arguments that
         | something should not be regulated because the market should be
         | free.
        
           | daveslash wrote:
           | Killing someone is not illegal; it's just illegal for folks
           | like you an I. There's a whole school of thought that asserts
           | that _The State_ holds a _Monopoly on Violence_ [0] (which
           | includes killing). It 's been discussed here on HN
           | periodically. [1]. But you're totally right: it's a sort of
           | regulation of the market.
           | 
           | ( _Note: 'Murder' is killing someone WITHOUT legal
           | justification. With legal justification, killing someone is
           | not murder, by definition. By definition, something that is
           | illegal is illegal_).
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence
           | 
           | [1] https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false
           | &qu...
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | "Nothing to excess." The Oracle at Delphi in Ancient Greece
           | had wisdom that would help some of today's libertarians (and
           | socialists).
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | It turns out that the organizations with a local monopoly on
           | killing have managed to leverage their market position to
           | gain a foothold in the regulation of basically every other
           | market. We might call this anticompetitive, but looking at
           | places where the market for killing-services is highly
           | competitive, having a single entity responsible for this is
           | probably in consumer interest.
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | Yes. I agree. I grew up in a household that was extremely _"
         | Free Market is the Best Market; Regulation is for commies and
         | baddies"_. It's taken me a long time to heal from that. I still
         | prefer as much free market as _is reasonable_ , but my sense
         | for what is and is not reasonable has shifted a ton. I'm now a
         | big advocate for sensible regulation. (Most is sensible in
         | intent, but sometimes non-SME write huge swaths and it gets
         | botched). These days, my biggest complaint about regulation is
         | that the right people (SMEs) aren't consulted as much as they
         | should be.
        
           | hayst4ck wrote:
           | "Some regulation is bad, therefore all regulation is bad." is
           | what I grew up with too.
        
       | factsarelolz wrote:
       | I recently hired a contractor to do landscaping. We're talking
       | multiple trees to take down, redoing multiple flower beds, mulch,
       | rock and some sod. I was quoted at ~9k$. I paid half (4500$) via
       | Square using my platinum credit card issued by my CU.
       | 
       | I took a picture of his business license, insurance, and I ended
       | up getting pics of trucks when I took before pictures.
       | 
       | The crew came and worked one day. Maybe completed 30% of the
       | work. For the next two weeks my calls and texts were
       | dodged/unanswered/sent directly to voicemail.
       | 
       | Finally I had enough. I called the police, did a police report.
       | Called the CU explained what happened and was sent an email on
       | how to open a fraud report. I submitted all the before pictures
       | and the "after 30% of work" pictures. I sent the police report,
       | and social media posts of people who claimed to have their money
       | stolen by the same person / company.
       | 
       | 3 weeks later I get an email that my claim was denied due to
       | "lack of information." I spent a total of 31 hours on the phone
       | attempting to get someone to tell me what information I needed to
       | send them or what information they found lacking. I got
       | absolutely no where. No answers. No one from fraud department. No
       | one cared at all. Just denied.
       | 
       | So I went the other route, filed a claim in small claims court. I
       | provided the judge everything I sent to the credit union.
       | Judgement was in my favor. Now he owes me the $4500. How do I
       | collect? I probably will never see the money. I can't legally
       | garnish any wages. So I'm out 4500. I couldn't really do anything
       | else to protect myself more.
       | 
       | Navy Federal Credit Union. I've been a member since 1991. 30
       | years with a credit union. I am a military veteran. Hundreds of
       | thousands of dollars worth of transactions have passed through my
       | account. I've had multiple home, auto and personal loans.
       | 
       | I'm still trying to get over it.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | > _So I went the other route, filed a claim in small claims
         | court. I provided the judge everything I sent to the credit
         | union. Judgement was in my favor. Now he owes me the $4500. How
         | do I collect? I can't legally garnish any wages._
         | 
         | Where I live, after 30 days of the debtor failing to pay the
         | judgment, you'd make an appointment with the sheriff, bring a
         | check for $35 and they'd attempt to enforce it for you;
         | including garnishing wages, seizing property (real or personal)
         | etc etc.
         | 
         | I'm not surprised you didn't get far with police reports and
         | fraud filings: breach of contract is not necessarily fraud.
        
           | vuln wrote:
           | .
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | tdiggity wrote:
         | A similar thing happened to me where a contractor bait and
         | switched me. Put down a 50% deposit and he said it was non
         | refundable. I wrote it off thinking I'd never get it back. I
         | got extremely lucky though in that a detective in a nearby city
         | emailed me and said this contractor had ripped off a lot of
         | people and he was investigating. A few weeks later, they
         | refunded my deposit.
         | 
         | It seems like once the police got involved, they were willing
         | to play ball. Somehow, you've got to find the contractor and
         | get the police on your side. You've got his business addresses
         | and even insurances, maybe the insurance company is your way
         | in?
         | 
         | Good luck.
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | Sorry I forgot to mention the insurance part and I can no
           | longer edit my post.
           | 
           | When I looked at the insurance and took a picture the policy
           | dates were valid.
           | 
           | When I attempted to call the insurance company the policy was
           | started then canceled due to lack of payment so he probably
           | only made the first payment.
           | 
           | Lesson learned is to call to verify on the spot. Never
           | thought of it. The police just look at my slip of paper from
           | the glovebox.
        
             | flutas wrote:
             | > The police just look at my slip of paper from the
             | glovebox.
             | 
             | They already know if you have insurance typically. Their
             | in-car computers can typically reference insurance accounts
             | (or at least in my technologically backwards state they
             | can).
        
               | factsarelolz wrote:
               | I still get asked for it...
        
         | breck wrote:
         | Interesting. I once had a similar situation but spent $5 and
         | had a beer with the contractor and we resolved it and became
         | friends.
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | Ummm okay. Guy won't even answer the phone or attempt to give
           | me even a half decent excuse on why they never showed back
           | up.
           | 
           | If he does ever call or text I'll be sure to buy him a beer
           | to see if we can resolve the situation.
        
             | breck wrote:
             | A sampler is good.
             | 
             | In general I've found a good rule of thumb with people is:
             | Flight or "flight".
        
         | jcadam wrote:
         | NFCU and USAA have both gone way down hill. They are coasting
         | on their previously earned reputations but are no better than
         | anyone else nowadays.
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | I wholeheartedly agree. It's very very sad.
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | > I can't legally garnish any wages.
         | 
         | Why not?
         | 
         | You have a judgment in your favor.
         | 
         | Send it to collections.
        
         | monkmartinez wrote:
         | Are you in the USA? I just did some googling on this as I was
         | unaware of laws regarding the garnishment of wages. I have
         | subordinates that have wages garnished for Child Support every
         | paycheck. At least in my state, you can most certainly garnish
         | wages/property for a judgement in your favor. It will probably
         | take a bit more time, but I would stick it out to get my money
         | back. If the contractor has nice Stihl saws, I would remand
         | some $$$ to get one of them from him. Possibly even the truck
         | as the contractor has probably depreciated the asset for tax
         | reasons.
         | 
         | [0]https://www.azcourts.gov/selfservicecenter/Garnishment/Garni
         | ...
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | Did you do a reference check?
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | This part I could have been more thorough with. Facebook and
           | Google business pages had high, aged reviews including
           | pictures. Googling the company name didn't come up with any
           | open BBB claims even though BBB is a joke.
           | 
           | It wasn't until I started joining and searching through all
           | of the local Facebook groups to find others swindled.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | Yeah, I guess that's about the optimal amount of checking
             | for most things. I recently had some work done and did a
             | decent amount of checking but it still felt like a 50/50
             | chance of getting taken for a ride...
        
         | Merad wrote:
         | I'm not too surprised the fraud claim was denied. You
         | definitely made the payment, you paid a [technically]
         | legitimate business, and they completed some of the work, i.e.
         | it's hard to say they accepted the payment with intent to
         | defraud you. The fact that they didn't fully complete the
         | agreed work isn't really a matter for the bank's fraud
         | department to resolve. Dunno why NFCU couldn't just communicate
         | that though. Sounds like a shamefully poor support experience
         | on their part.
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | How far off of 50% of the work was the work they performed?
         | Could it have been a simple case of they did about half the
         | work for the pay you gave?
         | 
         | Maybe that'd be how I'd square it with myself. (But still
         | probably never working with people who ghost again.) You paid
         | 50% and got less than 50% of the work done, but work was still
         | done - somewhere between 25% and 50% it sounds like.
         | 
         | It'd also help the personal re-framing if the next people I
         | hired quoted less for the remaining work and it was done in a
         | day. Granted, this is work with plants and things which
         | change/increase in entropy by the day.
         | 
         | The possible life lesson here is to not let perception or
         | preconception sour an otherwise sort of alright outcome. And
         | sometimes outright re-framing a sour situation can diminish the
         | sting. (Along the lines of "breakups hurt, but enjoy the good
         | times and memories for what they were.") There's also not
         | letting sunk costs steer decisions towards still worse
         | outcomes.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | factsarelolz wrote:
           | 1 tons of river rock, 1800 sqft of mulch, and 2 pallets of
           | sod were never delivered or installed/spread. 2 of the 5
           | trees were completely cut down and cut into pieces but not
           | removed. Stumps were not ground down on the two trees that
           | were taken down. Some of the branches were removed from the
           | other trees and just left there. As soon as it hit 5pm the
           | team gathered their tools and left. I was on the hook for
           | clean up.
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | I'm not sure what state you're in, but when something similar
         | happened to a friend I found that Connecticut has a Home
         | Improvement Guaranty Fund (https://portal.ct.gov/DCP/Common-
         | Elements/Consumer-Facts-and...) which exists to satisfy an
         | unpaid judgment for up to $25,000. I don't know about most
         | states, but I know at least Maryland has a similar fund.
         | 
         | I'd recommend checking to see if your state has a similar
         | program.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | diebeforei485 wrote:
       | I feel like screen-sharing apps on phones are a part of this
       | problem.
       | 
       | Apple goes out of their way to make sure you can't record video
       | off the Netflix app or other apps that play copyrighted media.
       | However, as far as I can tell, they do not make similar
       | safeguards available (optionally) for financial apps.
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | isnt that more the app dev's responsibility? Neither of the
         | banking apps on my phone permit screenshots or even show a
         | preview in recents.
        
       | thewebcount wrote:
       | I actually sent a payment via Zelle yesterday and saw something
       | new. This was a small payment to a family member that I send
       | payments to regularly for some work they're doing for me. When I
       | was choosing the recipient, it said something like "Money
       | transfers that happen in seconds," implying they'd have the money
       | almost instantly (and that does appear to have been the case in
       | the past). After completing the transfer, it had a note below the
       | resulting screen that said, "This transfer will take 1-3 days to
       | complete." It did complete the next day, but it was the first
       | time I've seen this sort of thing happen. I wonder if it was due
       | to some new security check or something else? Anyone else see
       | anything like this?
        
       | maztaim wrote:
       | I prefer NCUA insured credit unions. Banks have been historically
       | bad in so many ways to me personally as a young person just
       | starting out in life. I am sure there are many that hit the
       | famous $25.00 service fee that magically gets charged the day
       | your account goes to $30.00, causing subsequent charges to hit
       | your "overdraft protection" that allows the bank to penalize you
       | $25 for every transaction that drops you below a zero balance for
       | that day. You now owe hundreds of dollars.
       | 
       | I also had a horrible experience with Citizens Bank, of which
       | they allowed $5000 to be fraudulently withdrawn from my account
       | in two days. The second $5000 was withdrawn after I was told it
       | shouldn't happen again. That day I learned an ACH hold request is
       | just that. A request that takes 3 days. I should have been smart
       | enough to know that the support agent really meant for me to drop
       | everything and immediately get to a physical branch where they
       | could put an all hold on my accounts instantly, because I cannot
       | do that over the phone.
       | 
       | I don't mean to say credit unions are always better, but I will
       | say, I have been getting 2% interest earnings on my savings and
       | 1.05% on my checking account. Most banks typically give you only
       | a percentage of a percentage point in interest for either...
        
       | baby wrote:
       | But blockchain payments can't be reversed! /s
        
       | commandlinefan wrote:
       | Man I hate this. I'm terrified of Zelle (and, even worse, Venmo).
       | There's no reason at all to use these things - except that
       | everybody around me insists on using them. My kids Venmo with
       | their friends all the time. My wife and her friends Venmo
       | constantly. More and more services won't even take a check,
       | they'll only take Zelle or Venmo. And every time I use these
       | fragile services I'm opening myself to having my entire bank
       | account wiped out with little recourse. (And, of course, the
       | people I owe money to like the lienholder on my car and my
       | mortgage broker will sure as hell still expect _their_ money).
        
         | jpm_sd wrote:
         | My sympathies. I am fortunate in that my wife and I are in
         | agreement that we want to stay far away from Venmo, Zelle and
         | similar services. Our kids deal in cash or nothing. As for
         | services: cash, check, CC or GTFO.
         | 
         | I also (so far) have been unwilling to trust Plaid. Plain old
         | crappy wire or ACH transfers for me, thanks.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | Would good opsec for these services be to open another checking
         | account for them to limit the blast radius?
        
         | solardev wrote:
         | We use it to pay people we already know for transactions we've
         | verified, like a beer here or there or splitting gas or
         | whatever.
         | 
         | No way I'd send a large sum of a money to a stranger / new
         | company over Venmo.
         | 
         | It's useful for replacing small change in your wallet, not for
         | replacing credit card and proper purchase protections.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | One defense is to just have two banks, one for "real bills" and
         | one for Zelle/Venmo "play money" bills.
         | 
         | Then at worst you're out the play money. Make sure it's set so
         | the real money can only push into the play money account.
        
           | 5d8767c68926 wrote:
           | How do I lock down my "real" account? For instance, I want to
           | disable the ability for anybody to pull money, and I must
           | manually push into a billing account which only maintains
           | limited funds.
           | 
           | I briefly looked into this at one point and as best as I
           | could tell, Chase would only let you disable ACH on business
           | accounts.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | You can'd directly disable ACH, though if you only have a
             | _savigns_ account it may help.
             | 
             | But ACH has much more defenses against someone pulling
             | money than Zelle and friends do.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | > And every time I use these fragile services I'm opening
         | myself to having my entire bank account wiped out with little
         | recourse.
         | 
         | No. Sending money with Zelle does not expose you to having your
         | account wiped out.
         | 
         | Receiving money, there is a minute chance a transfer might be
         | reversed. But that's all. Don't use Zelle to accept payment for
         | goods/services.
        
         | pb7 wrote:
         | You should know that your entire account can be wiped out with
         | the information that's on one of your checks. It's time to
         | leave that archaic technology in the past like the rest of the
         | world.
        
           | esotericimpl wrote:
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Huh? As long as you don't participate in a scam and use basic
         | security, what are you worried about?
         | 
         | I have no idea what you mean about the services being fragile
         | or how your "entire bank account" would be wiped out.
         | 
         | This article is talking almost entirely about scams. Presumably
         | you're smart enough not to send your whole bank account's
         | contents to a random person who calls you.
         | 
         | And if you're not, well, it doesn't really matter if you're
         | being scammed via Zelle/Venmo, or via paper check, or via wire
         | transfer, or via ACH.
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | > it doesn't really matter if you're being scammed via
           | Zelle/Venmo, or via paper check, or via wire transfer, or via
           | ACH.
           | 
           | It does, though. If scammers scam via paper check, wire
           | transfer or ACH, the full force of the government comes down
           | on them and they actually get put in jail if they get caught.
           | If they scam via Zelle or Venmo, too bad, so sad.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | No; Zelle and ACH are _exactly the same_ from this point of
             | view.
        
         | marcinzm wrote:
         | The article basically disagrees with your concerns. You're fine
         | unless you yourself make a payment using Zelle to someone else.
         | Which is no different than you mailing a check to a fraudster.
         | Not sure why the bank should protect you from yourself to that
         | degree.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | Oof, that's bad news.
       | 
       | Banking access is not actually very particularly secure. The only
       | thing that keeps banking practically secure is the banks
       | reversing fraud when it's discovered and the government sending
       | fraudsters to jail.
       | 
       | If the banks don't hold up their end of the bargain, the system
       | begins to collapse because they certainly aren't
       | _technologically_ secure enough to guarantee security of
       | customers ' money, which is one of the _primary functions of a
       | bank._
        
         | notch656a wrote:
         | That's the story of society in general. You can easily walk
         | into many (most) people's houses between 10a-3pm weekdays and
         | just take their shit. I'm sure one could make 6 figures doing
         | that. Of course most of us don't because we don't want to harm
         | others, and because of the consequences.
         | 
         | You really just have to make it enough of a hassle for thieves
         | that they pick the next easier thing to do. Not create Ft.
         | Knox.
        
           | dahfizz wrote:
           | I think it's strange HN sees cyber crime in the opposite way
           | as real crime.
           | 
           | It's not my fault if my house gets broken in. I have no
           | obligation to meticulously lock all my doors and windows when
           | I leave.
           | 
           | But if I get hacked, it's my fault. The onus is on the
           | individual / company to maintain law and order themselves
           | when online.
           | 
           | That feels wrong to me.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | There is a vital difference with companies getting hacked.
             | 
             | I know I might get robbed at any time, maybe I don't lock
             | my door, thats why I put my money in a bank.
             | 
             | The bank has one job - to keep my money safe. If they have
             | no guards andleave the door open, yes, it is their fault.
             | 
             | If you are not prepared to keep armed guards money safe,
             | then you shouldn't be taking other people's money.
             | 
             | Similarly, companies that cannot keep data safe shouldn't
             | be storing my data in the first place.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | It becomes a question of negligence / due diligence.
               | 
               | If a bank has zero physical security measures and leaves
               | the money out in the open, that is negligent.
               | 
               | But, even if a bank has all the state of the art, "best
               | practices" physical security measures, they can still be
               | robbed. No bank is going to stop a nation-state army
               | attacking them, for example.
               | 
               | I think the same is true of cyber security. Nothing will
               | ever be 100% secure. The question is whether the company
               | has followed reasonable best practices and due diligence.
               | Everything else is up to the government to maintain law
               | and order.
               | 
               | > companies that cannot keep data safe shouldn't be
               | storing my data in the first place.
               | 
               | If you're expecting absolute safety, either physically or
               | electronically, there is nowhere in the universe you
               | could deposit your money. Otherwise, the FDIC already has
               | regulations in place to make sure banks are reasonably
               | secure.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | Most banks are borderline negligent in cyber security.
               | Using 2fa via text is less secure in many ways than using
               | a regular old password. At least it's my fault if I
               | compromised my bank password. A Sim swap attack can't
               | really be protected against
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Ever been to a bad neighborhood? Notice all the stores have
             | iron bars on the windows?
             | 
             | Sure it isn't your fault if your house gets broken in, but
             | you should still lock your door. The more risk you are of
             | your house being broken in the more precaution you should
             | take.
             | 
             | Right now odds are very high that someone will attempt some
             | form of cyber crime against you. As such you should be
             | taking precautions to prevent it. It won't be your fault if
             | it happens, but it will still ruin you day, and may cost
             | you a lot anyway.
        
               | rdtwo wrote:
               | Except with bank security it's like there is a local
               | ordinance that you can't put bars on and must use a
               | really weak door.
        
             | tcmart14 wrote:
             | Definitely, my experience and opinion doesn't boil down to
             | all HN, but here is my take. A lot of hacks, the reports
             | after suggest they were ignoring industry best practices
             | that were relatively easy to implement and cheap. Here, I
             | would point the blame. But for sure, if the hack was routed
             | in some crazy new route to exploit software, you just can't
             | protect against, so I wouldnt be so quick to assign blame.
             | But I think another key different is, infrastructure is
             | owned by companies who have engineers and IT whose job it
             | is to run it securely. I think the proper equivalent for
             | the home analogy is, you have an alarm system that was
             | turned on, but didn't alarm when someone broke in. But then
             | we would place the fault on ADT or Simplisafe or whoever.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | A lot of HN culture is old 'net culture.
             | 
             | On the old 'net, people had to take personal responsibility
             | for their own data-house because neither law nor
             | enforcement had caught up yet to the notion of having a
             | system intruded upon. Remember, we had to pass laws to make
             | "unauthorized access" illegal in the same sense trespassing
             | is; before that, it was just "some signals a stranger beeps
             | at your machine could cause it to malfunction or to send
             | signals back they could interpret as your bank account
             | number. If you don't want that, harden your system against
             | malfunction."
             | 
             | Nowadays, society has caught up but some people with an
             | old-guard mindset still see someone get their stuff stolen
             | and go "Well, should have locked your doors; only way to
             | guarantee your stuff is safe."
        
             | jart wrote:
             | These people aren't being hacked though. They're being
             | scammed. They chose to give their money and mfa codes to a
             | stranger who promised them nothing in exchange, and ended
             | up regretting it. It makes things more of a grey area
             | because banks should do what what we tell them to do with
             | our money, and it's really not their job to take a
             | paternalistic stance and judge if your authorized financial
             | choices are stupid or not. How do you draw the line? What
             | if someone wants to buy penny stocks? Should the bank
             | reimburse them?
        
             | nwiswell wrote:
             | Prima facie it is wrong because it's victim blaming.
             | 
             | But using weak and/or compromised passwords is a bad idea
             | in exactly the same way that it's a bad idea to leave your
             | front door unlocked.
             | 
             | Legally, we do assign fault for negligence. If
             | absentmindedly leave your kitchen tap open with the drain
             | stopped and then go on vacation, your flood insurance is
             | probably not going to pay for repairs, even if you didn't
             | _deserve_ to have your house destroyed.
             | 
             | From a policy perspective, I think the most appropriate
             | thing would be a middle ground. It is good for everyone's
             | peace of mind to be sure that your entire bank balance
             | won't vanish without recourse, but if you leave your
             | banking "front door" unlocked, the bank covers 90% of the
             | actual unrecoverable loss, but you're on the hook for the
             | other 10%. That eliminates perverse incentives to use weak
             | passwords without being cruel to victims.
        
               | to11mtm wrote:
               | > But using weak and/or compromised passwords is a bad
               | idea in exactly the same way that it's a bad idea to
               | leave your front door unlocked.
               | 
               | I'd argue it's not quite the same... using weak passwords
               | is more like using a lock that can be 'raked'; your
               | security is just lax.
               | 
               | Re-using passwords is like using the same key for your
               | front door, back door, garage, car... If someone finds it
               | and makes a copy of it, they have full access.
               | 
               | Compromised passwords, it's when you know a key is lost
               | or stolen and you don't re-key.
               | 
               | > From a policy perspective, I think the most appropriate
               | thing would be a middle ground. It is good for everyone's
               | peace of mind to be sure that your entire bank balance
               | won't vanish without recourse, but if you leave your
               | banking "front door" unlocked, the bank covers 90% of the
               | actual unrecoverable loss, but you're on the hook for the
               | other 10%. That eliminates perverse incentives to use
               | weak passwords without being cruel to victims.
               | 
               | Both of my main financial institutions have 'pretty dang
               | good' security measures on one level or another. One, has
               | forced password changes at 6 month intervals (not as good
               | as 90 days, but better than many!) The other does not
               | have forced password changes but I know their internal
               | security is... pretty crazy. Losing your badge 3 times is
               | enough to get you fired, and any contractors who do work
               | must be under a very specific specification of video
               | surveillance while working with their clients.
        
               | clcaev wrote:
               | > One, has forced password changes at 6 month intervals
               | (not as good as 90 days, but better than many!)
               | 
               | Forcing password changes reduces overall security,
               | especially for infrequently accessed services. It only
               | normalizes the reset workflow, and enables easier social
               | engineering.
               | 
               | The NIST standard (800-53?) was updated to reflect this
               | reality, and it no longer requires periodic password
               | rotation.
        
               | secabeen wrote:
               | > Legally, we do assign fault for negligence. If
               | absentmindedly leave your kitchen tap open with the drain
               | stopped and then go on vacation, your flood insurance is
               | probably not going to pay for repairs, even if you didn't
               | deserve to have your house destroyed.
               | 
               | This is not generally true. Insurers are forbidden to pay
               | out claims for intentional bad acts, or fraud, but
               | ordinary negligence is usually covered:
               | 
               | > The good thing is your homeowner's policy usually
               | covers you and your family's negligent behavior no matter
               | where it happens.
               | 
               | https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/does-my-
               | homeowners-i...
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | We say it's your own fault because it would be so hard to
             | lock up all the hackers. Can't just send a swat team to
             | China, Russia, North Korea etc.
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | Jurisdiction.
           | 
           | If everyone could wormhole between countries, first world
           | houses would be ransacked pretty damn quickly.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | I suspect it's hard to actually consistently make 500$/day
           | breaking into peoples homes. Most used things aren't worth
           | much and would be difficult to sell in bulk at anything close
           | to what they cost.
           | 
           | That's why people steal catalytic converters etc.
        
             | ragona wrote:
             | I bet it's easy to make $500/day briefly, and hard to
             | sustain it. Catalytic converters have the benefit of not
             | requiring you to break into someone's house where risk of
             | being caught or harmed is way higher.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The key is to make nothing for months and then make $90k
               | in one go.
        
             | to11mtm wrote:
             | > I suspect it's hard to actually consistently make
             | 500$/day breaking into peoples homes
             | 
             | IMO the cheapening of technology has made a difference with
             | this. When my (then not yet) ex-wife was burglarized, Just
             | her laptop and a camera gave the criminal 900$ at a pawn
             | shop [0].
             | 
             | [0] - which BTW, fun thing about this, if your insurance
             | covers 'replacement cost' you are better off not finding
             | your items at a pawn shop. Most state laws are written such
             | that as long as the pawn shop collects fingerprints/ID, the
             | person who was stolen from can get their items back, but
             | must pay the pawn shop back what they paid the thief for
             | it. Insurance will happily pay that instead but still take
             | your deductible out. (It worked out OK for me, the wedding
             | ring was among the stolen items, never got pawned and that
             | covered the deductible and then some... eventually helped
             | pay for the lawyer lol)
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | You need to develop a market for things of course. There
             | are plenty of things worth $500/day in everyone's house.
             | Figure out where things sell and for how much. 50 keys toys
             | for $10 each are easy to sell in most cities. The days of
             | taking a 19 inch color TV are long gone (most of your are
             | not old enough to remember when a 19 inch color TV was a
             | big deal, but back then there was a market for them used),
             | but there is plenty of other opportunities.
             | 
             | This needs to be a full time job to make the $500/day
             | though. Some houses are as you say now worth the bother,
             | but others have things that can be sold. The key is you
             | need to know what you can sell and for how much before you
             | take it.
             | 
             | As the other poster said, the hard part is not getting
             | caught. The easy places to sell these things (pawn shops,
             | scrap yards) tend to ask for id - and the ones that accept
             | a fake id will only take so much before they have to
             | recognize you.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Sure, I suspect you could clear 3k from picking the right
               | house and taking a week to sell stuff. But what about the
               | 50th hours?
               | 
               | Without someone to take the risk and a sizable cut your
               | best bet might be a few fake ID's and a multi city spree
               | of pawn shops. Though if you have access to high quality
               | fake ID's banks are probably a much better option.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Unsurprising.
       | 
       | This is _exactly_ why banks are so eager to come up with payment
       | systems that go directly to /from bank accounts, as opposed to
       | credit cards.
       | 
       | It's also why I don't use Zelle or Venmo.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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