[HN Gopher] Ask HN: 10k hours rule to master anything. Could I s...
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       Ask HN: 10k hours rule to master anything. Could I switch career
       when I am 43?
        
       Throughout his book "M. Outliers: The Story of Success.", Gladwell
       repeatedly refers to the "10 000-hour rule," asserting that the key
       to achieving true expertise in any skill is simply a matter of
       practicing. It could be the greatest practice myth. My american
       boss founded my company in Viet Nam when he was 55. I admire him a
       lot. Nonetheless, I am still afraid of switching to other job
       because time is running out when i am older. A lot of my friends
       who are technical guys think so. Any advice?
        
       Author : michaelcao
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2022-10-07 10:10 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
       | adamgordonbell wrote:
       | There are so many follow up books about the subject, you could
       | read one of them and learn more. Anders Ericsson, the source of
       | the rule, has a popular science book called "Peak: Secrets from
       | the New Science of Expertise" but also "Talent is Overrated" is a
       | great book on the subject.
       | 
       | The problem though is all these books are about well understood
       | domains with a pedagogical framework you can grind thru. There is
       | nobody saying this works in a field like 'entrepreneurship'.
       | 
       | All the evidence is in things like chess or playing the violin
       | where the path is well worn and a coach or mentor can keep you on
       | the right path.
       | 
       | In those fields, yes, deliberate practise works.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.ca/Peak-Secrets-New-Science-Expertise-ebo...
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.ca/Talent-Overrated-Separates-World-Class...
        
         | ibiza wrote:
         | The programs described in "Peak" required a coach. Coaches play
         | an integral role in the subject's road to mastery. Yet more
         | evidence we cannot lift easy ideas like "mastery in just 10K
         | hours" from psych research.
        
           | adamgordonbell wrote:
           | Malcolm Gladwell never claimed you could mastery anything in
           | 10k hours. That is just what people thought he said. But yes,
           | the research is all around defined fields with expert coaches
           | guiding the way.
        
       | gonzo41 wrote:
       | At the end of the day a job is a job is a job. I would suggest
       | you look at your current work and see if there's a sideways step
       | you can get that keeps your current skills relevant but also
       | gives you different exposure.
       | 
       | I work in software, a sideways step for me would be to go towards
       | admin / networky stuff, or to start doing BA style work.
       | 
       | Fresh starts are hard only if you have existing commitments.
        
       | engineer_22 wrote:
       | 10k hours is only 5 years. You will be a master before you are
       | 50.
        
       | tgv wrote:
       | My opinion:
       | 
       | * The 10000 hour rule is nonsense. There are skills that require
       | very much practice, and a lot of those are unattainable for most
       | people. You could practice 10,000 hours on the violin or playing
       | chess without reaching the lofty heights of Hahn or Magnusson.
       | That does require some kind of "talent".
       | 
       | * Many other skills can be acquired in much less time, certainly
       | if you don't start from scratch. E.g., learning a 2nd programming
       | language takes much less time than the 1st.
       | 
       | * I've been switching jobs all my life; on average after about 5
       | years. 43 isn't very old to switch, IMO.
       | 
       | * Think about what is important to you: Money? Stability? Job
       | satisfaction? Can you find a new job that gives you what you want
       | and need?
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | He means no shortcuts for master anything. It takes time, 2000
         | or 3000 hours or any numbers. People tends to find a shortcut
         | for anything, fox example, buying crypto to get rich quick. I
         | agree that 10000 hours rule is a myth.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _The 10000 hour rule is nonsense_
         | 
         | You should probably read a bit about the "rule" before calling
         | it nonsense.
         | 
         | It's vague, flexible, and refers to attaining mastery in some
         | skill. Nowhere is it implied you'll be a world champion chess
         | player after 10,000 hours.
         | 
         | It says practice will make you better at something. That's hard
         | to dismiss.
        
           | danesparza wrote:
           | Agreed. Bobby Fisher got there in less than 10 years.
           | 
           | https://problogservice.com/2012/03/15/what-malcolm-
           | gladwell-...
           | 
           |  _The problem is, Gladwell never said you needed 10,000 hours
           | to be an expert, you need 10,000 hours to be a phenom. To be
           | so freakishly awesome, to be such a standout among your
           | peers, that sometimes your first name is enough to tell
           | people who you are: Peyton. Tiger. Venus. Kobe. Oprah.
           | 
           | But in the meantime, here's what Malcolm Gladwell said about
           | the 10,000 hour rule and being an outlier:
           | 
           | "In fact, by the age of twenty, the elite performers
           | (violinists) had each totaled ten thousand hours of
           | practice." -- p. 38
           | 
           | "The emerging picture from such studies is that ten thousand
           | hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery
           | associated with being a world-class expert--in anything,"
           | writes the neurologist Daniel Levitin. -- p. 40
           | 
           | "To become a chess grandmaster also seems to take about ten
           | years. (Only the legendary Bobby Fisher got to that elite
           | level in less than that amount of time: it took him nine
           | years.) And what's ten years? Well, it's roughly how long it
           | takes to put in ten thousand hours of hard practice. Ten
           | thousand hours is the magic number of greatness." -- p. 41_
        
             | sophacles wrote:
             | I need 500g of flour to make bread. That doesn't mean I can
             | make bread with just 500g of flour.
             | 
             | You are trying to say that someone claiming 500g being
             | necessary to making bread is hogwash because it doesn't
             | also talk about the salt and water (etc).
        
               | bmacho wrote:
               | Why is everyone so pessimistic? I believe that if you,
               | sophacles, had the time, the determination, the money for
               | 10 000 hours of tutoring of a grandmaster, and the
               | mental/emotional/physical okay-being for the time, you
               | could reach a grandmaster level in chess in 10 000 hours.
               | Same for many many areas. (Polgar tried it, for a time
               | his 3 daughters were the 3 best woman chess players, but
               | this doesn't really count since they started very young.)
        
               | danesparza wrote:
               | I didn't mention any baking concepts.
               | 
               | I quoted Malcolm Gladwell -- who was the originator of
               | the "10,000 hours" rule (remark?) in popular culture.
        
               | sophacles wrote:
               | Let me spell out the analogy:
               | 
               | Gladwell says you need practice 10,000 hours. In my
               | analogy of the situation, I claim I need 500g of flour.
               | 
               | You complain that there may be other things needed in
               | addition to practice therefore the need for practice is
               | bullshit. This is analogized by "you" saying that the
               | need for other ingredients in bread somehow invalidates
               | that the flour is needed.
               | 
               | The point I'm trying to make is this: Stating that
               | something is necessary but not sufficient, does not
               | invalidate claims about what is necessary. In the quotes,
               | I saw no claim that _only_ 10k hours of practice was
               | required, just that they were necessary.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Don't get hung up on the number. I've always taken
               | Gladwell's writing to mean lots of deliberate practice
               | (on the order of a decade) is necessary, but maybe not
               | sufficient, to master something difficult.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | > You could practice 10,000 hours on the violin or playing
         | chess without reaching the lofty heights of Hahn or Magnusson.
         | 
         | Without commenting on whether the 10k rule was reasonable,
         | you're shifting goalposts. It was never the claim that it only
         | took 10k hours to be the best in the world.
        
         | matt_s wrote:
         | > The 10000 hour rule is nonsense
         | 
         | Even if there is some merit to the "rule", the intent behind it
         | is you'll master something in that amount of time. You can
         | become good at something with far less time. You just need to
         | be good to earn a living. I think of all the jobs I've worked
         | and the slackers and incompetence I've seen. I think with some
         | education about a job and decent intelligence most people can
         | put in the effort, learn on the job and become good - if they
         | want to.
         | 
         | 10k hours is roughly 5 working years of experience with no
         | nights+weekends extra time so if OP switches careers now, they
         | could be mastering something by the time they're 48. I've seen
         | people switch careers into software, and go from junior to mid
         | level up to senior in that time.
         | 
         | Do it.
        
         | diarrhea wrote:
         | I believe in talent to a limited degree. It governs the floor,
         | ceiling and learning curve's slope. Kind of like the parameters
         | to a sigmoid function. Magnus Carlsen's very first chess match
         | was likely much better than most other people's/kids', he
         | learned at a breakneck pace and obviously, possesses a high
         | skill ceiling.
         | 
         | However, there is a huge and dynamic middle ground that can be
         | conquered by anyone through nothing but work and dedication.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | It also depends what you mean by "switching jobs." I've had
         | three distinctly different jobs/careers over the past 30 years
         | or so (with some moving around within those careers). However,
         | they were all sufficiently adjacent that there was quite a bit
         | of knowledge transfer and the transitions were very logical as
         | a result. (And, in fact, in all cases I was hired by someone I
         | knew from the prior job.)
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | 10,000 hours of chess as a kid is different to 10,000 as an
         | adult.
        
           | someweirdperson wrote:
           | 10k hours as an adult in violin is not the same as 10k hours
           | at chess.
           | 
           | Nor is the same at a young age, but possibly differenly not
           | the same.
        
           | sure_about_that wrote:
        
         | Lutger wrote:
         | Mastering a skill doesn't imply being in the top 10 or even
         | 100. It simply means acquiring expertise to a point of
         | diminishing returns and being recognized by your peers as very
         | skilled. It's perfectly possible to become really good at chess
         | and at the violin after a lot of practice. Good enough to
         | impress a beginner.
         | 
         | Learning a second programming language isn't really learning a
         | new skill, it's maybe more like learning a new genre of music
         | if you already play the violin well, or learning how to play
         | speed chess once you're already a master.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | I read (and liked) Gladwell's book, but the point of it was
       | really just that no matter what your natural talent for
       | something, it takes the opportunity to do a lot of focused
       | practice to become good at it. This is to debunk the idea that
       | the wealthy are all members of a meritocracy; even if they do
       | have some talent at whatever they are doing, they were lucky
       | enough to get born into circumstances such that they were allowed
       | to do whatever-it-was for long enough to become expert.
       | 
       | Also, just because you're not great at something initially,
       | doesn't mean you cannot become great, because it takes many
       | thousands of hours of practice to become great.
       | 
       | No doubt the 10k rule varies according to field, because some
       | fields are new, and no one has 10k hours yet. There are
       | programmers with 10k hours, but most of the professionals in the
       | field do not have 10k hours yet, for example. The definition of
       | "great" (and therefore the # of hours required) is relative to
       | others in that field.
       | 
       | I switched into programming in my 30's, when many programmers
       | start to rotate out of it because they believe they are too old.
       | I probably am not as good at certain things as others, but I also
       | bring experience from previous careers to improve the odds that I
       | am programming the right thing in the first place.
       | 
       | If you switch careers, it will take time to become good at the
       | new one, and you (and your finances) need to be able to
       | accommodate that. But it definitely happens.
        
       | philipswood wrote:
       | Check out the 100h rule.
       | 
       | https://www.codingvc.com/p/the-100-hour-rule
       | 
       | A lot of professionals are not in the 10,000h range and a few
       | 100h is more achievable.
        
       | SevenNation wrote:
       | Do you know the difference between an expert and a non-expert? An
       | expert knows more than you about something.
       | 
       | Well, it's not quite that simple of course. But the point stands.
       | You can do a lot of good well before that 10,000 hour mark. Think
       | about dedicating just 1 hour to something. How much more will you
       | know about it than your peers?
       | 
       | I think it's a mistake to divide the world into pre-10,000 hours
       | and post-10,000 hours. Mastery does take time. But you can do a
       | lot for yourself by first becoming more knowledgeable and then
       | becoming more practiced at something. You don't need to be a
       | master before your life improves noticeably.
       | 
       | > Any advice?
       | 
       | What were you put on this planet to do? If you've already done
       | it, then great. No need to change course. If not and it doesn't
       | sit right, why wouldn't you change course? Time is always
       | "running out" and it won't be any better at 53.
        
       | piscatorialvet wrote:
        
       | huimang wrote:
       | Were you an expert in your current field right at the start? Or
       | did you learn things over time?
       | 
       | You can always change things up. Just do it.
        
       | pizza234 wrote:
       | Other posters have commented about the validity of the 10k hours
       | rule.
       | 
       | I actually think even more radically - career, or success in
       | general, is not necessarily a matter of mastery, and thinking in
       | terms of technical skills, may lead to failure, because the
       | requirements for success may be other ones.
       | 
       | In particular, successfully founding a company may require many
       | qualities (and acts) that have nothing to do with technical
       | skills, rather, with human ones.
       | 
       | I'm not familiar with your boss, but it's possible that they just
       | found a market need, and dedicated themselves to solving it, even
       | with mediocre skills, but with the right human skillset (creative
       | ideas, understanding of the market, orientation to get things
       | done, effectively communicating, and a myriad of other things).
       | 
       | There are certain fields where technical accomplishments is the
       | main drive (Doom ;)), but in such cases, the answer whether
       | that's possible or not is very obvious.
       | 
       | I stress: it may seem paradoxical, but a strictly technical
       | vision _can_ be counterproductive even in a technical field.
        
       | alexfromapex wrote:
       | Just do it. I'm planning to switch jobs from Software Engineer to
       | General Contractor, just working on saving up capital for heavy
       | equipment and materials. I took a great training course and now
       | just have to pass the licensing exam. If your passion changes,
       | just change fields, life is short.
        
         | mr-wendel wrote:
         | I think this comment gets to the essence better than anything
         | else: passion.
         | 
         | Something is going to need to motivate you through the process
         | of learning, failing, and growing in a new field. If your
         | motivation is primarily based in getting away from what you are
         | doing now then I suspect you have a difficult road ahead
         | regardless of whether you change or not.
         | 
         | But if you have some kind of passion about what you'd like to
         | be doing instead then you've got the most valuable compass and
         | sail you can ask for.
        
         | edmcnulty101 wrote:
         | This is cool. In construction? Do you plan on doing
         | residential, industrial, or commercial? Do you have previous
         | experience?I would love to build physical things for a living.
        
           | alexfromapex wrote:
           | Yeah going to do some even smaller projects first like
           | retaining walls and building driveways. There are different
           | license levels and they require different levels of capital.
           | The lowest level mainly lets you build residential and has a
           | limit on the number of stories for buildings and the full
           | price of the project. One cool thing I've learned so far is
           | how complex concrete is. Eventually will ramp up to
           | commercial after things are running smoothly but the first
           | thing I'm learning how to run a small business and it's new
           | and exciting just doing that stuff.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | spoonjim wrote:
       | The 10,000 hour "rule" is complete bullshit. I, for example, was
       | a prodigy at art and a complete dunce at music. I got better at
       | drawing much faster than my peers but I was more interested in
       | music, where I simply could not figure out anything. Eventually
       | that was frustrating and I gave up music but I can imagine that I
       | would have been a world-class talent with 10,000 hours of drawing
       | (I went into computer programming instead where I am just mildly
       | above average) and 10,000 hours of music wouldn't have done
       | anything for me.
        
         | Bakary wrote:
         | Given Stable Diffusion maybe you made the right choice!
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | I honestly just didn't like drawing.
        
       | astroalex wrote:
       | An anecdote: my mother dropped out of law school when she was
       | younger. She finally went back to law school in her 50's,
       | graduated, and is now a practicing lawyer in a field she is
       | passionate about.
       | 
       | Taking the time to go to law school was definitely a risk and a
       | cost. It definitely was not easy for her. But it's absolutely
       | possible, probably more so than most people believe for
       | themselves.
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | If you're healthy and are willing to take the risk the answer is
       | yes. Everything else is in your head. When I worked in China I
       | talked to people who grew up during the Cultural Revolution and
       | lost everything, then lost everything again during the turbulent
       | years of the 80s and 90s, and rebuilt their life entirely again.
       | They always used to say that when you're younger than 50 you can
       | just start over and laughed at younger workers who were anxious
       | in their 20s or 30s.
       | 
       | In many places people have started over four or five times, not
       | once. And by the way you don't need 10k hours or be a master-
       | anything to have a viable career in a field, just enough
       | experience to get a foot in the door.
        
         | elforce002 wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. Loosing everything looks daunting but you
         | are alive. Get up and keep moving forward.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | The youtuber Veritasium recently did a video on the 10,000 hour
       | expert.
       | 
       | Summary: you need 4 things to become an expert.
       | 
       | From comment with timestamps:
       | 
       | 5:00 Repeated attempts with feedback. 6:47 Valid environment.
       | 11:23 Timely feedback. 13:50 Don't get to comfortable.
       | 
       | Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eW6Eagr9XA
       | 
       | Comment link:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eW6Eagr9XA&lc=UgwrcQiQhReOd...
        
       | Zensynthium wrote:
       | Derek from Veritasium had a pretty good video on becoming an
       | expert in anything and I didn't see age as a blocking factor. I'd
       | say go for it! Also check out the video here, it's worth a watch
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eW6Eagr9XA
        
       | iainctduncan wrote:
       | The Gladwell book is so bad it's laughable. It's a gross
       | misrepresentation of the work of Anders Ericsson, with completely
       | unfounded extrapolations. So bad it prompted Ericsson to get a
       | non-academic writer to work with him to write his own popular
       | science version of his work, which is titled "Peak". Outliers is
       | the worst example I know of of popular authors bending facts to
       | make a narrative they want to tell.
       | 
       | In a nutshell, Ericsson never said "10k hours will make you world
       | class" or "it takes 10k hours for mastery". He said (BIG
       | simplifying paraphrase here) "the most notable difference we saw
       | in elite performers between sub-elites and elites was practice,
       | with most elites having achieved roughly 10k hours, or 10 years
       | of 3 hours a day". He also limited this to PRACTICE, a part
       | Gladwell totally missed. (ie the Beatles example is complete
       | bullshit, gigs are not practice). He never said it was either
       | necessary (lots of music prodigies are world class in way less)
       | or sufficient (literally millions of people do 10k hours and get
       | just decent).
       | 
       | So... throw that book in the garbage and make your decision on
       | other criteria. There are many, many good books on learning and
       | performance, but not by popular hacks like Gladwell. Anecdotally,
       | I know lots of people who started new pursuits (and got very
       | good), or successfully switched careers or started new businesses
       | in their 40s.
       | 
       | It's really not about age, it's about all the parameters that are
       | typically associated with age. As in, by the time people hit
       | their 40's, most people can no longer carve out the time to
       | consistently spend time learning a new thing, and are way out of
       | practice at learning. _Most_ , not all. I know lots of
       | professional musicians, for example, who took up some other hobby
       | late in life and got very very good, because their entire life
       | has been constructed around leaving time for effective learning,
       | and they are experts at learning something on their own. If you
       | can rearrange life to enable you to learn effectively (or found a
       | company, or whatever), 43 is a great age.
        
         | Jayakumark wrote:
         | Just curious to know about the books that are you referencing
         | here for learning and performance.
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | I like your opinion. I founded a startup at 40 as a part time
         | job and it was a correct decision during covid19 crisis. My
         | company is quite successful. It takes about 3000 hours to be
         | sustainable. 10000 hours is an overrated term
        
           | sam1r wrote:
           | That's awesome! I'd love to hear more about this.
        
         | daveevad wrote:
         | My favorite Gladwell book to rip on is Blink. It is 296 pages
         | long and the main point was one only needs a few moments to
         | understand complicated things.
        
           | michaelcao wrote:
           | I haven't read the Blink yet. I will try to read it in the
           | near future. Thanks for mentioning it.
        
             | daveevad wrote:
             | If you finish it, you should probably read it again. ;)
        
             | prepend wrote:
             | I think you should try to not read it as it's bogus.
             | 
             | Picking some examples where people made split second
             | decisions that are correct is so silly it's weird that the
             | book even exists much less is a bestseller. It's basic
             | premise is that people make split second decisions but
             | never goes into whether these are correct or incorrect.
             | 
             | So it boils down to "sometimes people choose right" as it
             | that was somehow novel or useful.
             | 
             | He's a fun storyteller but dangerous when people believe
             | and make decisions based on his writings.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I remember Tipping Point as being mostly OK. But it
               | really triggered Gladwell's schtick of weaving a well-
               | written entertaining narrative whether or not it's really
               | supported by some cherry-picked anecdotes.
        
             | swamp40 wrote:
             | I suspect he was joking...
        
             | dexterdog wrote:
             | I think he was making the opposite recommendation.
        
           | teachrdan wrote:
           | While I'm a huge Gladwell critic, I enjoyed that book quite a
           | bit. But I disagree with your main point. I'd summarize it's
           | conclusions as:
           | 
           | 1. People make decisions very quickly -- like often in under
           | a second.
           | 
           | 2. These decisions are very powerful. 2a. Powerful in terms
           | of accurately deducing things, and/or 2b. Powerfully
           | emotional in how it sways you (not always in good ways!)
           | 
           | 3. You can have some success in retraining your fast decision
           | making.
           | 
           | This may seem slight, but I think these three main points are
           | not necessarily obvious and are probably true. I've taken
           | advantage of these by, for example, researching different
           | mobile phones a bunch but consciously not making a decision
           | until I walked into the store and I had a powerful interest
           | in one of them on the shelf. That turned out to be the right
           | answer for me.
        
             | robswc wrote:
             | I have no opinion on Gladwell, as I haven't read any of his
             | books, but I swear those 3 things seem to be covered in
             | almost every "self-help" book I've read. I don't want to
             | blame the authors either... but it seems like everyone is
             | getting their water from the same well (thinking fast and
             | slow?).
             | 
             | I'm always down to read an authors interpretation or
             | experience with the concepts... but I'd be lying if I said
             | I haven't found it harder and harder to push through.
             | 
             | You're totally on point though. A lot of things are simple
             | and obvious but only when noticed or in hindsight.
        
             | daveevad wrote:
             | I enjoyed The Tipping Point and was excited to read Blink
             | but did not enjoy it nearly from the beginning. It was
             | simply too much cognitive dissonance for me to continue
             | when your point 2a kept being explained.
             | 
             | Admittedly I did not finish the book so point 3 does seem
             | valuable to me in a way I probably under-appreciated.
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | There is a much better lesson to take from practice theory, and
         | that's the skill curve. You might see it and think "oh it takes
         | 10,000 hours to become a master". But it only takes 10 hours of
         | practice to become better at something than literally almost
         | everyone at any task. And in 100 hours of practice you would be
         | considered a worthy peer in almost any community. 1000 hours
         | will make you a respected professional in any trade.
         | 
         | You can apply it to any life skill. You could learn a new
         | musical instrument every 6 months, you could be a plumber, a
         | carpenter, an electrician. You could make learn a new way of
         | fabricating things. Any sport, any dance. I applied it as a
         | programmer, dabbling in compilers, operating systems, machine
         | learning systems, web systems, games, various languages and
         | paradigms. Now as the CTO in a small company my "expertise" in
         | all of these fields makes me able to talk along with every
         | team, no matter what they're working on.
         | 
         | You could be good enough in anything to impress a friend by
         | practicing anything for 3 months. Not saying it's easy, real
         | practice hurts your brain, not every day job leaves you with
         | enough brain juice at the end of the day. But maybe you could
         | practice in the morning.
         | 
         | When I was in college I had been playing guitar on and off for
         | maybe 10 years. I didn't like practicing much and was mostly
         | just playing the same bits and riffs for fun. There was a
         | youtube hype around a guy called Andy McKee who played
         | technically challenging pieces with a really cool vibe. I
         | didn't even attempt it, considering it above my skill level. My
         | housemate who hadn't touched a guitar in all his life, bought a
         | $30 guitar and practiced for 3 months. By the end he could play
         | the full song good enough for it to actually sound good and
         | impress basically anyone. I'm pretty sure he could make some
         | money playing on a street corner just playing that 1 song over
         | and over again.
         | 
         | edit: the bootcamp I used to teach at trains junior developers
         | from scratch in about 500 hours. If you pair them with a good
         | mentor, employing them for about 500 hours more, and you'll
         | have perfectly good software developers capable of maintaining
         | and extending any existing product you have in your portfolio.
        
           | iainctduncan wrote:
           | this is on the money. How good you need to be to do a job for
           | a career - if that career is not performing in some insanely
           | competitive field like sports or music - is so, so, so much
           | lower than what we are talking about when discussing the
           | practice history of elite performers.
           | 
           | If you learn to practice correctly, and get a good teacher,
           | you will be _amazing_ to most people in 2000 hours - 3 years
           | of consistent two hours a day of good practice produces a
           | shit ton of expertise.
        
         | scifibestfi wrote:
         | > (ie the Beatles example is complete bullshit, gigs are not
         | practice)
         | 
         | Why doesn't that count as practice?
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Because you're doing the same thing over and over and don't
           | have a lot of latitude to experiment.
           | 
           | Mind you, there can be some value in repetition starting out
           | especially if you make regular minor adjustments. But for
           | someone already at a high skill level, just doing the same
           | old activity probably won't help their skills much.
        
             | myheadasplode wrote:
             | Playing as a dance/cover band as they did (compared to,
             | say, classical music), they had plenty of space to
             | experiment. The critical aspect that's different from
             | practicing with your band in a rehearsal space vs on stage
             | is that you get to see how an audience actually responds to
             | what you're doing, which is the whole point of the game.
             | Every audience is different. A musician who's played 100
             | sets of songs alone in a room will have nowhere near the
             | same level of insight as a musician who's played the same
             | number of shows for an audience.
             | 
             | As an instrumentalist, I can choose to play my part ahead
             | of the beat, behind the beat, right on time, I can choose
             | to embellish my part or play it as written, I can improvise
             | a solo vs play something pre-planned, I can subtly vary the
             | intensity of my playing, all while my bandmates are
             | tweaking their performance in real time, too. There's also
             | the telepathy you tend to develop with your bandmates when
             | you're unable to stop a show and yell about mistakes or
             | forgotten parts :)
        
           | huimang wrote:
           | Performances aren't practice. Practice is sitting down and
           | working on what needs development, and doing self-
           | introspection. Performances are where all of those get put
           | together for an audience.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | thebricksta wrote:
           | I studied a number of books in that field last year, and much
           | of this entire thread is missing some key points.
           | 
           | The learning psychology field often differentiates practice
           | from deliberate practice, where practice is just about
           | anything and deliberate practice is focused learning.
           | 
           | In deliberate practice, you have to work at near your skill
           | level, you need to apply proven learning methods, it should
           | take maximal effort, you need a feedback mechanism to course
           | correct, etc. A great deal of focus goes into creating
           | effective mental models and intentionally removing
           | ineffective mental models. It requires good coaching. As you
           | progress in expertise, your practice should involve more
           | risks and failures. (And there's still much more to be said
           | here)
           | 
           | Gigging and noodling aren't going to make for efficient
           | practice as it likely won't be full concentration, won't
           | involve feedback, won't involve challenging material at your
           | skill level, etc.
           | 
           | Also, you can spend 10,000 hours jamming alone in your
           | bedroom on same set of guitar tabs and make shockingly
           | progress compared to someone who spends just a few hundred
           | hours intensely studying music books with a metronome and
           | tape recorder.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | adamgordonbell wrote:
         | Here's Gladwell himself:                   There is a lot of
         | confusion about the 10,000 rule that I talk about in Outliers.
         | Practice isn't a SUFFICIENT condition for success. I could play
         | chess for 100 years and I'll never be a grandmaster. The point
         | is simply that natural ability requires a huge investment of
         | time in order to be made manifest. Unfortunately, sometimes
         | complex ideas get oversimplified in translation.
         | 
         | I don't get why people love to hate on him so much. He was just
         | popularizing the idea that talent takes effort and is not
         | predominantly innate. ( But I do agree the Beatles example is
         | BS and contrary to the DP principles )
        
           | iainctduncan wrote:
           | Ah but this is him defending himself _after the fact_. The
           | book most definitely does create the  "sufficient"
           | impression, and deliberately, because it's such a nice story.
           | This is attested to by the takeaways most people have from
           | it. If they got the wrong impression, either he wrote it
           | wrong or he's a shit writer - or both. Now he back pedals
           | because he got called out on the bs.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, he's a very good _story teller_. But he
           | 's a complete crap "popular science" writer
        
           | Grustaf wrote:
           | The guy is a walking TED talk. I don't hate him, but he's
           | supremely annoying in his smug triteness.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | MrsPeaches wrote:
           | > He never said it was either necessary (lots of music
           | prodigies are world class in way less)
           | 
           | Gladwell:
           | 
           | "The point is simply that natural ability _requires_ a huge
           | investment of time in order to be made manifest " (emphasis
           | added)
        
             | iainctduncan wrote:
             | But... this is wrong. The vast majority of the time, yes,
             | but "requires" is a simplification. The amount of work
             | required is massively variable and Gladwell skates right
             | over that nuance. Prodigies exist! I've met some, they can
             | be really nauseating to the rest of us, lol. There are more
             | of them out there than you would think because they are
             | often so screwed up in other ways that they don't become
             | famous. Talk to anyone who has taught hundreds of music
             | students and they can tell you some crazy stories. However,
             | prodigies aren't much use if you can't count on them
             | showing up to the gig. (Some savants are fortunate enough
             | to get the support they need to function professionally,
             | but many aren't)
        
         | WheatMillington wrote:
         | Have you actually read Outliers? Gladwell was very specific
         | about practice, and how deliberate it needs to be. He
         | emphasized the way the Beatles used their gig time as practice.
        
           | iainctduncan wrote:
           | Yes I have, cover to cover. And it led me on to reading the
           | original sources and then getting disgusted with Gladwell's
           | shoddy job.
           | 
           | Your example says it all.... gig time as practice is
           | something only a non-musician and/or someone who really
           | doesn't understand practice would say. He gives air time to
           | the idea of deliberate practice and then uses examples that
           | show how that he doesn't get it. AT ALL. I can only assume he
           | came up with the Beatles example and thought it was such a
           | compelling story that he was determined not to let the facts
           | get in the way. Ericsson goes over his criteria for what
           | deliberate practice is.... and nightly gigs are not it in the
           | least!
           | 
           | Read Ericsson and I'll be you will get disillusioned as did
           | I.
        
       | defrost wrote:
       | You can switch careers many times and at any age , you can even
       | take up a new job without making a career out of it, simply to
       | experience the work and to either get some insight (if, say,
       | you're designing an app) or to help out some people who are short
       | handed.
       | 
       | That said, there are really only two criteria for sliding into a
       | new job area:
       | 
       | * people that will actually hire you | allow you to work along
       | side them,
       | 
       | * your ability to not be a dead weight and to assist in at least
       | the TA | fetching food and drink | cleaning away tools and cables
       | | etc dogsbody roles.
       | 
       | It takes a long time to master many trades, it takes far less
       | time to take part at the lowest levels and to start learning.
       | 
       | My background is folk that take pride in being jack of all trades
       | master of none, I've specialised a little and can count myself
       | jack of many trades, 'master' of a few.
        
       | ludwigvan wrote:
       | You sure can, but depends on people you need to support, and some
       | luck.
       | 
       | As to the rule, a few observations:
       | 
       | - you don't need to become an expert to be in a certain career. -
       | Pareto rule applies. You can learn 80% of the job in 20% of the
       | time. After that, it is diminishing returns, in which case you
       | can be average and have a career.
        
       | JDoubleA wrote:
       | Absolutely can switch careers, I did it and was one of the best
       | decisions I made. For me was doing something I've also wanted to
       | do with a Company whose core values matches my own.
        
       | anemoiac wrote:
       | Malcolm Gladwell oversimplifies things. There's nothing magical
       | about spending 10,000 hours practicing a skill, but you'll
       | obviously get better at anything you spend a lot of time on.
       | 
       | To answer your question: it depends on your specific context. At
       | 43, you could _theoretically_ still gain the required
       | qualifications for most careers and work for ~ 20 years (ex. you
       | 'd be 67/68 after 4 years spent earning a new degree + 20 years
       | working). The more relevant consideration is _will you actually
       | be able to do that as a working 43-year-old with normal
       | responsibilities_?
       | 
       | Another question you seem to allude to is "will ageism be a
       | limiting factor?" That answer is also context-dependent. At a lot
       | of trendy companies mentioned here on HN, I'd suspect that it
       | would be. That said, those companies are only a fraction of the
       | job market and I'm not sure more "boring" companies would be as
       | concerned with age as with your skills. Outside of tech and some
       | competitive (+ conservative) industries like finance or
       | consulting, I don't think it would be as big of a deal.
        
       | noufalibrahim wrote:
       | There's an obvious elephant in the room here which is not
       | discussed. 10k hours might let you master something (and even
       | that claim is questionable like others have mentioned) but why do
       | you need to be a "master" to switch careers?
       | 
       | Being better at (say) web development than all the other people
       | in your company that have other skills immediately makes you
       | valuable in a specific way and starts your career shift. You can
       | build up on that over the years.
       | 
       | There are ways to reconfigure your life other than by
       | "Switching". More gradual ways to ease into another career exist
       | and can be worthwhile. Everything comes with a cost though so
       | make sure you're willing to pay it.
        
       | RHSman2 wrote:
       | Theoretically I think that it's 10k for one thing then 10k minus
       | all the the amazing things that you learnt in your first 10k
        
       | crispyambulance wrote:
       | Whether you can successfully switch career is up to you and how
       | you define "career".
       | 
       | I think the most underestimated "hard part" of mastering
       | something new is that the path to mastery often looks like one
       | failure after another. A long string of incompetence that makes
       | one appear like a cargo-culting dilettante who keeps trying even
       | as it appears they aren't getting anywhere. This is hard for
       | folks to take, especially later in their careers. One has to have
       | a thick skin to get through it.
        
       | Yizahi wrote:
       | A short video regarding "10000 hours" and learning in general -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eW6Eagr9XA
        
       | MilStdJunkie wrote:
       | The 10k hour rule has been debunked many, many times.
       | 
       | I don't think Gladwell is intentionally a charlatan, but he's
       | astonishingly sentimental given his choice of subjects, and
       | notably, was never a practicing scientist.
       | 
       | At worst he's a fluffy-haired priest to the rentier class, paid
       | to soothe the intellects of Manhattan financialist pirates in the
       | same way William Sumner once stroked the egos of Carnegies and
       | Rockefellers.
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | The vaunted 10,000 hours are necessary to become globally
       | competitive at some rivalrous activity where others are striving
       | to be the best.
       | 
       | It's woefully insufficient for such success, one also needs
       | 'talent', which is a fuzzy but real measure of the inherent
       | ability one has.
       | 
       | So it's probably too late for golf and concert piano, these might
       | make great hobbies, but you won't be playing the Masters or
       | Carnegie Hall. Very likely, it wouldn't have mattered when you
       | started, or how hard you worked, for those goals. Maybe you've
       | got what it takes, but most people don't, so it's accordingly
       | unlikely.
       | 
       | That leaves almost everything else. If you're in good health,
       | have the hustle and drive, why not? 43 is about median for
       | successful new business founders, YN demographics
       | notwithstanding.
        
       | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
       | In my admittedly still short life, I have started to notice
       | something: you can broadly divide the world into two groups -
       | those who do things and those who keep wondering if they should
       | have done things.
       | 
       | So for what's worth, here is my advice to you: drop Gladwell and
       | self-help books, if you want to and can switch to a new job, do
       | it. Should it work or fail, you will have experienced trying. If
       | you don't feel like it or find yourself unable to because banks
       | won't loan to you, you can't be hired or it's finally not
       | financially viable, don't do it and rest in peace knowing it was
       | your decision/you tried.
       | 
       | You don't need an external reason like being too old or outside
       | validation, you are old enough to make your own choice.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | YES!!
         | 
         | If you have a deep interest and anything resembling the skills
         | required, go for it. Perseverance is the most important
         | characteristic.
         | 
         | That said, Gladwell is completely FOS about the 10,000 hours --
         | it bears repeating completely Full Of Sh*t. Not only is
         | "mastery" ill-defined, but so is what counts as "practice", and
         | it completely ignores that some people will after 10K hours
         | fail to get to the top, and others can get to the top of other
         | fields in less than 1000 hours (depending on how it is
         | counted).
         | 
         | And, while perseverance is key, dumb perseverance is not -- how
         | you learn counts for a LOT.
         | 
         | The best key I've found is to seek out people at the top of the
         | field and learn from them. Either direct in classes if
         | possible, or from their books. You will eventually need to
         | learn the best ways of thinking about whatever the field is,
         | and it is better to learn the best way at the outset, than
         | relearning it 5 times on the way up. The simplified approach at
         | the outset may be initially rewarding, but it is a waste of
         | time.
         | 
         | Also be sure to ask all the 'dumb' questions about
         | discrepancies or things that don't add up, or edge cases.
         | Sometimes, those reveal the most essential elements that you
         | need to progress. As an example of how this can work in far-
         | flung fields of endeavor, when I was alpine ski racing, at one
         | pre-season camp, I was flailing, skiing worse than the previous
         | year, trying with all my might to implement what the coach was
         | saying, but clearly not understanding. Fortunately, he was
         | willing to put up with me as I asked in the evening what was
         | going on, and we argued for hours, with me finally asking
         | "where does that force come from?", and we looked a bit deeper
         | and figured out a subtle bit of how the initiation of the term
         | was a bit different than he described. That answer was the key,
         | and literally from the first run the next day, I improved
         | rapidly. In a completely different field, I went to a C++
         | conference class series with Bjarne Stroustrup, and in an
         | after-session question, I asked what I thought might be a dumb
         | question, but went ahead anyway, "was I spending too much time
         | on naming conventions on my projects?", because I was worried
         | that I was wasting time. I got a wonderfully detailed and
         | concise answer that was basically "NO, it is worth all that up
         | front-investment, especially for the way it helps you think
         | about the structure ahead of time.".
         | 
         | So, persevere, dig and ask those peculiar questions (obviously,
         | not the 'dumb' ones that can be easily answered by looking it
         | up, but the 'dumb' ones that seem like they ought to be
         | obvious, but aren't explicit.).
         | 
         | Go for it, and I wish you good fortune in your new endeavor.
         | It'll probably take longer than you like, but it's likely worth
         | it.
        
           | just_boost_it wrote:
           | Gladwell's english was very approachable, so outliers was an
           | easy and enjoyable book to read. I even believed it the first
           | time I read it. Once I read his later stuff though, I noticed
           | a couple of things that didn't quite add up for me, and that
           | sort of shone a light for me on the pattern he was using. I
           | wouldn't put any more weight on his work now than I would on
           | a random blog from the depths of the internet.
        
             | michaelcao wrote:
             | He's a genius writer and we should be aware of that when
             | reading his books. He could influence us. I think that
             | 10000 hours means that long-term. No shortcut for master
             | anything.
        
               | dexterdog wrote:
               | I would not call him a genius writer by any stretch. The
               | sheer number of people who consider him a complete fraud
               | part of that reason. The rest is that I've seen enough of
               | his material that didn't add up for me.
        
         | andrew_ wrote:
         | The older I get the more I recognize that most of the people
         | I've encountered, in one way or another, have a great lack of
         | confidence and courage.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Meh. You can be as confident as you like, if people won't
           | take on staff as "juniors" who are older, then the whole
           | process of retraining - wrt career change - has been a waste
           | of time.
           | 
           | I've never been involved in corporate HR, I'd want advice.
           | Similarly, if I was doing a bungee jump for the first time
           | I'd ask someone to check my harness ... (to spell it out, you
           | seem to be berating someone for doing a reality check, as if
           | reality [of the jobs market] were open to someone to define
           | individually; ignorance and confidence can be easily
           | confused)
        
             | ghost-towels wrote:
             | This is pretty much where I'm at. I'm mid 40s and been
             | working in the marine industry for almost 30 years (yes I
             | started that young). I'm going for a career change but I
             | have zero experience in a corporate/modern office setting.
             | I am also self taught. It will be a huge change, and I'm
             | concerned that I may not be hireable. All that being said
             | I'm still going for it as I'd like the rest of my working
             | days actually helping society instead of old white dudes
             | and their boats haha. I'm looking into security/osint.
        
               | happyopossum wrote:
               | > I'm looking into security/osint.
               | 
               | If you can breathe, spell cybersecurity, and have decent
               | grooming standards, you can get hired in security. The
               | 3rd is technically optional...
               | 
               | Get training, then take a crappy SOC level 1 analyst job
               | to get exposure and experience - the hiring standards
               | aren't a lot higher than your average call center at a
               | lot of them, as we have a ~1.5M headcount gap in the
               | industry. You will burn out or move up in 9-12 months
               | just like all the other L1s, but you will either figure
               | out it's not for you or you'll be able to get a foot on
               | the next rung of the ladder.
        
               | Temporarily21 wrote:
               | In a similar boat, only I am 31. So it's been 10 years at
               | sea.
        
               | influx wrote:
               | Security/osint is very laid back. Folks coming from a
               | different career usually have some interesting
               | perspectives on problem solving that can be really
               | useful. Just wanted to say, keep going, if I was a hiring
               | manager and you showed technical chops, and a willingness
               | to learn, be wrong, and correct yourself, I would
               | completely hire you.
        
               | andrew_ wrote:
               | my advice: look for work with startups that have under 20
               | on staff. you'll avoid corporate nonsense (more often
               | than not with startups of that size), and it's likely
               | they'll be remote so the only "modern office setting"
               | things you'll have to pick up and master are: not being a
               | jerk, communicating effectively asynchronously, and video
               | call etiquette. With companies that size, and there are
               | many out there, they'll likely be more than happy to help
               | you figure out the remote lifestyle.
               | 
               | Be bold
        
           | dinaufilter wrote:
           | Agreed. Without courage there's not much you can do.
           | 
           | Who's going to practice something for 10,000 hours? One who
           | is strongly motivated to do so. Who's going to do well in
           | school exams? One who is strongly motivated to do so (e.g. to
           | please his parents)
           | 
           | Being strongly motivated is about following your own bent.
           | Which takes courage. If you lack courage you won't even be
           | able to perceive what that bent is. But if you have courage
           | then you'll make your mind up and get stuck in.
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | Good advice. Thanks. I don't read self-help books. I believe in
         | learning by practice
        
         | tomthumb wrote:
         | Words of wisdom! I have tweeted your first paragraph. Hope you
         | don't mind..
        
         | WheelsAtLarge wrote:
         | Everywhere, no matter education, wealth or resources in
         | general. DOers will always come out ahead. Not do it once but
         | acting on your ideas regularly. Yes, some ideas will go wrong
         | but at least you know the out come. DOers are those we read
         | about all the time. Sometimes they are great other times they
         | are not but at least they did something to find out. You never
         | hear about those that did nothing. Maybe, we read their name in
         | a grave stone.
        
         | jrm4 wrote:
         | 100%.
         | 
         | There are so many things that you can read or theorize about
         | for years, in depth -- that end up still being very different
         | once you actually do them. Just gotta try stuff.
        
           | overgrownzygote wrote:
           | Over-analyzing has always been a huge struggle of mine, and
           | your comment reminded me of a few times in my life where
           | actually doing things taught me something important:
           | 
           | 1. I thought I wanted to be a lawyer through most of college.
           | I took tons of law-related courses, did a few internships,
           | and then realized I strongly disliked _actually doing it_
           | once I got my first job in the field. Thankfully, I figured
           | it out before going to law school.
           | 
           | 2. I studied abroad in Kenya basically on a whim. I realized
           | my penultimate semester of college that I'd managed to get
           | all my graduation requirements done a semester early and
           | somehow not noticed, and decided I'd take the last semester
           | to have a little adventure. It turned out to be one of the
           | best things I've ever done.
           | 
           | 3. At the start of lockdown in 2020, I took CS50 basically
           | because I was bored and a friend was doing it. I had never
           | even considered studying CS before that point, and now here I
           | am getting my ducks in a row to do an OSU post-bacc.
           | 
           | I suppose the throughline here is that life is full of
           | unknown unknowns, and unknown unknowns, by definition, aren't
           | something you can think about and factor into your decision-
           | making process. Just like you said -- sometimes you just
           | gotta try stuff.
        
             | jrm4 wrote:
             | Weird and interesting parallels: I quite enjoyed law
             | school, did a few internships and practiced for a few years
             | before mostly realizing the same thing, and still I have no
             | regrets because things turned out well.
             | 
             | I took CS50 when it was probably very different (Brian
             | Kernighan, the creator of C, teaching C)
             | 
             | Roughly, I ended up as a Chair of a Masters in IT program.
             | Not doing that part anymore, but still a full time non-
             | tenure teaching professor. (What _technically,_ as in
             | according to the rules of academia, qualifies me for all
             | this, is the law degree. Weird. I 'll take it!
        
         | hesdeadjim wrote:
         | Agree 100%. Either do it or dont't, otherwise you'll be
         | wondering if it's too late to change in another ten years.
         | 
         | Anytime someone asks me how I made the leap to building
         | startups the answer is pretty simple: failure doesn't scare me
         | that much, I have failed many times, but I've learned and don't
         | repeat (most) mistakes. That and I hate anyone telling me what
         | to do. YMMV.
        
           | luisfmh wrote:
           | Reminds me of the classic yoda quote "do or do not there is
           | no try".
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | I agree with some points of it.
         | 
         | However, some people (loosely correlated with age but not
         | strictly) have more unavoidable responsibilities than others.
         | For a very prosaic example, a person without mortgage and kids,
         | all other things equal will have inherently less
         | responsibilities than one with mortgage and kids (while both
         | still have options in principle).
         | 
         | Empathy is a massive skill I've been learning late in life;
         | reluctance to embark on a change may be a factor of internal
         | confidence, external advice or validation, _but also_ of
         | specific circumstances that those of us being asked opinions
         | may or may not fully share, understand, empathize with. I 've
         | been learning to ask follow-up questions before answering very
         | broad inquiries for thoughts and advice: What's your situation,
         | constraints, drive, interest, priorities, goals?
        
           | sillystuff wrote:
           | And, I'd add that past experiences greatly impacts tolerance
           | to risk. A person who had no money for food and/or was
           | homeless as a child, and a person with a financially secure
           | family to fall back on so there are no consequences for
           | failure are going to have very different risk tolerance.
           | 
           | Even when we are aware of it, fear can control us. And,
           | previously poor people know, from experience, what the
           | consequences of failure can be.
           | 
           | This was demonstrated on a macro level by the generation that
           | grew up in the Great Depression having a high savings rate
           | (emergency fund), repairing rather than replacing things as
           | long as they could, and being otherwise thrifty almost
           | regardless of income.
        
           | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
           | It doesn't significantly change my advice and was actually
           | already factored in my answer. Your obligations are your own.
           | If you can't afford to change, that answers the question.
           | 
           | It's not about empathy. My point is that inherently there are
           | no advices to be had on life choices. Just do what you want
           | to do, decide to try or decide you don't want to. There are
           | no right and wrong general answers here. A bunch of strangers
           | on the internet can't give someone permission or an excuse.
        
             | Silverback_VII wrote:
             | >If you can't afford to change, that answers the question.
             | 
             | In my personal experience the greatest challenge is always
             | oneself and not external factors. So your advice to drop
             | all self-help is wrong in my opinion. There are people who
             | made it against all odds and their mindset may crave the
             | necesseary pathways in your brain as well.
             | 
             | I would even say that the more the odds are stacked against
             | you the more you should try because there are few things as
             | impressive.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I personally suspect more people are harmed by self help
               | books etc than helped. Which circles back to the kind of
               | advice I would give someone.
               | 
               | It's easy to fall into the trap of assuming reading
               | advice is inherently beneficial but it needs to result in
               | some net positive behaviors or it's just wasting time,
               | money, and mental effort.
        
               | Silverback_VII wrote:
               | >more people are harmed by self help books etc than
               | helped
               | 
               | It is certainly a business but I assume that most of
               | these self-help gurus truly want to help. They are
               | promoting different methods(more or less rational) but
               | the core message is often very similar and amounts to
               | "take action". If all roads lead to Rome you may very
               | well get there.
               | 
               | I think by listening to these books you are in fact
               | priming your brain to find a way to improve your
               | situation.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | My personal observation is people are generally soothing
               | their brain into into inactivity rather than priming it
               | for something. There is a reason get rich quick scams are
               | so effective and so much home exercise equipment sits
               | unused, the first step is usually the easiest.
        
               | LouisSayers wrote:
               | I suspect a self help guru like Tony Robbins would have
               | actually given similar advice to the root commenter - to
               | consider your options and then to get off the couch and
               | do something.
               | 
               | Lumping all self-help resources into not being useful or
               | even harmful doesn't help. There will always be some
               | quacks, but there will always be some people with genuine
               | insights and the ability to help others understand
               | themselves better and move towards their goals.
               | 
               | I've never paid for Tony Robbins material but would say
               | its been helpful.
               | 
               | In the OP's case they could use the material to
               | understand what is behind wanting the change.
               | Understanding their why.
               | 
               | Is it a feeling of significance / love / variety /
               | contribution that they're lacking? How could they go
               | about getting what's missing? What are their options?
               | 
               | These are the types of things that I get from Tony
               | Robbins - almost like a problem solving framework for
               | personal problems.
               | 
               | All that being said, do people use self help as a form of
               | procrastination? Yes I'd say many do. However I believe
               | the people with all the resources that refuse to take
               | action are no worse off than they would have been anyway.
               | 
               | As they say, you can lead a horse to water, but you can't
               | make it drink.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I can't tell if that was supposed to be a parody or not.
               | 
               | Which is kind of my point. Some material may be better
               | than placebo, but when we are talking about self help as
               | an industry you need to consider the impact of everything
               | from Scientology to actually lethal practices like
               | Breatharianism. The trends within the industry seem to
               | focus on what's useful as a business rather than what's
               | helpful to it's customers. So yes some people are helped,
               | but some people are also financially ruined or even
               | killed.
               | 
               | It's not that everyone is trying to scam others, just
               | that the same kind of forces that cause clickbait still
               | apply and impact what's popular.
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | "Sorry son, you're going to have to quit hockey because
               | dad is having a midlife crisis and is going to switch
               | careers"
               | 
               | Is the problem here the external factor of my son's
               | desires? Or is it a problem with myself, putting his
               | desires above my own?
        
               | Silverback_VII wrote:
               | I think you will be a better role model if you show some
               | courage to better your own situation.
        
               | Art9681 wrote:
               | The culture of dad having a mid life crisis being frowned
               | upon and only seen as a means to provide for the family
               | by placing their desires above his own could be why
               | soccer son often ends up beng raised by single mom. Dad
               | needs help and soccer is the most irrelevant thing in the
               | world right now.
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | I find the notion incredibly selfish. My family is
               | accustomed to their lifestyle. There are certain
               | realities that can occur that would require a reduction
               | in that lifestyle, but I should not deliberately cause
               | them to happen.
               | 
               | Sometimes the right thing to do is to sacrifice your
               | dreams for others.
        
               | Art9681 wrote:
               | I absolutely agree. All I am pointing out is that
               | mentality should be shared by the family and although it
               | is honorable to be selfless, it is difficult to help
               | others when one's mental state is in shambles. Take care
               | of yourself so you can take care of others.
        
           | Art9681 wrote:
           | In my experience, being blunt without the sugar coat can have
           | a massive change on people as well. Having a mortgage and
           | kids can be seen as a reason or excuse not to embark on
           | change/risk but it could also be seen as a great reason to do
           | so. We decide how we want to look at it. The old saying
           | "actions speak louder than words" will outlive any self-help
           | new age fad. No one cares what was said or what was thought,
           | but what was done.
           | 
           | "I judge myself by my intentions but I judge you by your
           | actions".
        
           | iandanforth wrote:
           | Obligations become roadblocks due to a failure of imagination
           | or ignorance. That sounds pejorative but it describes the
           | common case, not the exception. If this applies to you you
           | are normal.
           | 
           | To overcome the belief that "my responsibilities are
           | preventing me from doing X" you need examples of people who
           | have those same responsibilities but are doing X, or some
           | X-adjacent thing.
           | 
           | Luckily there are lots of examples through interest forums,
           | youtube, etc where people with say a mortgage and two kids
           | are still traveling and adventuring. There are people who
           | have built support networks so that they can still have time
           | to learn languages while caring for an elderly parent,
           | autistic child, sick dog, etc.
           | 
           | The viable path to unblocking yourself starts by _asking for
           | help_. Ask how others are doing it, get advice, take time off
           | specifically to do this initial research. The thing you will
           | likely find is that you can 't go straight from A to B. You
           | need to build a support network, tie into relevant services,
           | improve your financial circumstances, etc. But once you know
           | something is possible it can be sufficiently motivating to do
           | the upfront work.
        
         | anderspitman wrote:
         | > drop Gladwell and self-help books
         | 
         | The advice I like is "read them until they all sound the same".
        
         | j3th9n wrote:
         | This.
        
         | balaji1 wrote:
         | it is a good point to suggest to take more action. But to make
         | significant progress, requires thinking thru the next 5-10
         | moves and committing to them and putting in consistent effort
         | -- do any books discuss that?
         | 
         | A change shouldn't be just hoping that you "end up at the right
         | place at the right time" this time. That is rare.
        
         | david422 wrote:
         | > those who do things and those who keep wondering if they
         | should have done things.
         | 
         | Yea, I've realized that if I want to do something - some goal -
         | if you don't literally _just do it_ then odds of it happening
         | become slimmer and slimmer.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | To quote my old trainer, "the weight's not gonna lift
           | itself."
        
       | cliftonk wrote:
       | Sam Walton was about 45 when he started walmart. I've made career
       | pivots several times, most recently this year, at age ~39. Just
       | do whatever you're interested in... major pivots require the
       | willingness and stamina to drink from a firehouse, so keep that
       | in mind.
        
         | bruceb wrote:
         | Walton's story is the opposite of the OP. Walton was in
         | retailing for years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Walton
        
       | jaffee wrote:
       | Depends what you want out of life and what career you're moving
       | to... you can become pretty competent in a career in tech in just
       | a few years and it will likely become lucrative pretty quickly. I
       | feel that there will likely be increasing demand for
       | programmers/engineers for decades to come. Check out Steve
       | Yegge's youtube show for thoughts on this...
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8332hz8c2s&list=PLZfuUWMTtM...
        
       | haspok wrote:
       | Two additions to the many comments saying the 10k rule is
       | bullsh*t:
       | 
       | 1. To quote one of my favourite coaches: "Practice doesn't make
       | you perfect. _Perfect practice_ makes you perfect."
       | 
       | 2. It can save you enormous amounts of time if you find the right
       | teacher and teaching resources (eg. books, courses, etc.). But
       | how do you know which ones are the right ones - for you?
       | 
       | Also, note that you can certainly reach a fairly high level in
       | almost anything you want, but it is much harder to improve on
       | that. Unless you have talent or you started learning the thing in
       | your childhood, there is definitely a glass ceiling, and it may
       | be lower than you think. But then again it may as well be higher,
       | and you don't know which until you try it. But then, of course,
       | it is too late :)
        
       | jonahbenton wrote:
       | There is a distinction in paid work between the skill components
       | and the social components. Very often seemingly high skill
       | positions turn out to be given to/occupied by someone who only
       | has social components- dresses well, is young, demonstrates
       | aggressive behaviors, etc.
       | 
       | Though his 10k hours for mastery of skillset thesis has been
       | disproven- in the context that there does seem to be "talent"
       | that cannot be "practiced"- I believe it myself and have observed
       | substantial learning at older ages. However, for yourself I would
       | question whether learning the skills is really what is required
       | or are expectations and social components the more difficult
       | obstacle to overcome.
       | 
       | Good luck.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | theGeatZhopa wrote:
       | The rule is bullshit and the truth at the same time.
       | 
       | Just imagine playing guitar from the beginning until you reach
       | 10000 h of physical practice. Just say.. 10h a day ..that would
       | mean 3 years of extensive training. You for sure will be a Master
       | after that.
       | 
       | Or, just assume everyday 1h of practicing. That's 10000 days..
       | something like 30 years..
       | 
       | So this rule doesn't mean you can't be a Master if you didn't
       | invest 10k h of practicing, but rather, no matter what you do,if
       | you do it for 3 +x years, you sure will be a Master at that.
       | 
       | Bullshit truth!
       | 
       | Go for it, if it's something you can enjoy.
       | 
       | Go for it, if you can use your aforequainted knowledge.
       | 
       | Go for it, if you see some chances for being able to say "it
       | enables me to work more for myself and less for one another".
       | 
       | Go for it, if your life needs a complete change.
       | 
       | But keep in mind, that you may need to lower your spendings. If
       | you can't lower your spendings for some reason - then, think
       | twice about switching careers. It's up to you, whether you can
       | cope with possibly lower income.
       | 
       | Keep us informed:)
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | > if it's something you can enjoy.
         | 
         | This is the most important things regardless of 10kh and how
         | someone gets there. If someone doesn't enjoy what they are
         | doing, they won't practice and they won't get better.
        
       | Felger wrote:
       | Am I the only one wondering why almost everyone asking HN
       | questions gets downvoted every da*n time ?
        
       | aristofun wrote:
       | As soon as you buy in to any concept, idea or a myth -- it (or
       | rather your subjective interpretation of it) starts manifesting
       | in your real life with real consequences.
       | 
       | If you truly want to achieve some goal -- you'd rather find and
       | absorb any examples of other people achieving similar goals, and
       | filter out everything else.
        
       | artificialLimbs wrote:
       | I started programming (intermittently because wife/kids and
       | fulltime job) at ~37, got my first coding job at ~40. Do it.
       | 
       | Use time management practices for max effect. I'm currently
       | listening to Cal Newports' "Deep Questions" podcast, and even the
       | first few eps (go back and listen from the start) have been
       | tremendously helpful.
        
       | sebastianconcpt wrote:
       | One thing I don't see used strongly enough is know-how transfer
       | from GenXers to Millenials. Docs won't do it. And everything
       | depends on that.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | Please explain detail and context further. Do you mean a
         | mentorship kind of relationship?
        
       | mmcgaha wrote:
       | So lets say you plan to retire in 22 years. An 18-year-old
       | starting college will be 40 in 22 years. I would say you have
       | plenty of time so don't waste it.
        
       | mceachen wrote:
       | Gladwell is hugely entertaining.
       | 
       | His conclusions, unfortunately, range from arguable to wholly
       | indefensible conjectures.
       | 
       | Many have disputed the 10k hour rule. "Practice makes permanent"
       | is a thing.
       | 
       | If you're really excited to learn something new, and have a
       | modicum of aptitude, and have a mentor, go for it.
       | 
       | Act to minimize future regret.
        
       | Grustaf wrote:
       | It doesn't take 10000 to become good enough at something to work
       | in it. A couple of hundred hours is often enough.
       | 
       | If you want to work as a programmer, management consultant,
       | business developer or similar that is. Becoming first violin does
       | take tens of thousands of hours.
        
       | geijoenr wrote:
       | I have the feeling is in midlife when people switch careers, so
       | 43 doesn't sound strange to me.
       | 
       | You have to be ready to take an income cut though, at least at
       | first. Other than that, I don't think you should be afraid.
       | 
       | That 10k hour rule is stupid. Talent is what makes the
       | difference, either you have it or not. Regardless, it has nothing
       | to do with switching jobs, most people moderately suck at what
       | they do and make living and live happy lifes.
        
       | username4567 wrote:
       | Not the exact timing, but my grandfather started a phd in his
       | late 30s. He then had a fulfilling career as a professor for
       | almost 20 years.
        
       | spamizbad wrote:
       | I knew a guy who used to install metal roofs in farm country. In
       | his late 30s he got a nasty job site injury and his boss screwed
       | him out of workers comp. He'd always had a passive interest in
       | computers and decided to get some certs at the local community
       | college and start his career in IT. Messing around with scripting
       | at his first job as a Junior Sys Admin he decided he liked coding
       | more and became a software engineer. He's now in his 50s and a
       | staff engineer at a unicorn.
       | 
       | It can be done. I would focus less on hours and more on just
       | finding something you can stick with and develop professionally.
        
       | innocentoldguy wrote:
       | I successfully switched careers at 51. The way I did it was to:
       | 
       | 1. Figure out what I really wanted to do. 2. Build a plan to make
       | that transition. 3. Test each phase of my plan and make
       | adjustments along the way.
       | 
       | Since then, I've worked at two Big Tech companies doing what I
       | enjoy doing.
        
       | codingdave wrote:
       | Even if we just accept it at face value... 10K hours to be an
       | expert does not mean 10K to make a career change. It means 10K to
       | be the top of your field. So it is really up to you - can you
       | handle being a junior level team member for a few years? If so,
       | switch and do what makes you happy. But if being the expert at
       | the top of the field is more important to you, then do not
       | switch.
        
       | memling wrote:
       | Gladwell's 10k hours rule is disputed.[1] Assuming it were true,
       | for sake of argument, it's not 10,000 hours to get _good_ at
       | something. The difference between _bad_ and _good_ is much, much
       | smaller than the difference between being _good_ and _great_ at
       | something. Josh Kaufman argues that 20 hours could be enough.[2]
       | 
       | All things being equal, make a change. I did this more or less
       | accidentally (applied for programming, got turned into a systems
       | engineer) and it was terrific. Feeling stupid is awful, but it's
       | pretty good for you in the end.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.goodlifeproject.com/podcast/anders-ericsson/1
       | 
       | [2] https://piped.kavin.rocks/watch?v=5MgBikgcWnY
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | Working in technology you should plan to reinvent yourself
       | several times during your career. I used to be a Novell Netware
       | engineer, fast forward forty years and I have to explain what
       | that was to people.
        
       | jmchuster wrote:
       | Specifically for software development, you have the example of
       | Coding Bootcamps. It's not a guarantee, but the better your
       | Bootcamp brand-name, the better your region's job prospects, the
       | more time you spend hobby coding before applying for the
       | Bootcamp, there's a very high likelihood of a successful
       | transition into the software industry. And all in the period of 6
       | months to a year.
        
       | CyanLite2 wrote:
       | You can do anything you put your mind to. But if you have doubts
       | or not fully committed, then you're more likely to fail.
       | 
       | In other words, just do it. Don't look back. You only have so
       | many years of your life left. Make it worth it.
        
       | helsinkiandrew wrote:
       | I haven't read the Gladwell book but I believe most or a lot of
       | the examples used to prove the 10,1000 hour rule have been
       | debunked. Very often the reason people will continue practicing
       | for 10,000 hours is they've got some skill in it, or are getting
       | a benefit from doing the skill before becoming an expert and
       | hence continue to do it.
       | 
       | Having said that there are many things you can be good at, make a
       | living at, and enjoy doing before becoming a true expert. Or that
       | your existing skills will transfer too.
       | 
       | The important thing is to see (as much as you can) if you will
       | enjoy doing and working hard at the "other job" before you make
       | the leap
        
       | twawaaay wrote:
       | I wonder when people will stop unquestioningly believe this 10k
       | hours crap.
       | 
       | If you spent a lot of time in one job there is good chance a lot
       | of your skills are transferrable to the new one.
       | 
       | When I decided to change jobs I figured out I want to make good
       | use of the skills I already had, supplement them with some new
       | skills and create a niche for myself that is overlooked/unpopular
       | because it requires skills that you can't normally find on the
       | market when looking at people who spent their entire life doing
       | just one thing.
       | 
       | Make the fact you are changing jobs your advantage, not your
       | disadvantage.
        
       | jjslocum3 wrote:
       | >asserting that the key to achieving true expertise in any skill
       | is simply a matter of practicing.
       | 
       | It's been a while since I read it, but my takeaway was that the
       | depth of familiarity brought about by 10k hours of practice in an
       | area was just one factor of many that contributed to success. You
       | need all those other factors in addition to the 10k hours.
       | 
       | I think it's just humans with our predictable penchant for
       | distilling accurate nuance down to adjacent-but-inaccurate bullet
       | points that created the idea that 10k hours is all it takes.
        
       | erokar wrote:
       | Forget about the 10k myth. I think it's absolutely feasible to
       | switch careers at your age, and I assume it's software
       | development you're thinking of. I think half a year to a year of
       | intense study and practice should be enough to make you
       | employable.
       | 
       | But first, figure out if this is something you would like doing.
       | Take a course like e.g. this
       | https://www.coursera.org/learn/python for a month (you can audit
       | it for free) and see if you actually like programming. If you do,
       | carry on.
        
       | throwaway576652 wrote:
       | You will definitely be an expert when you spend on something
       | 10,000 hours.
       | 
       | However, to change a career, you need much less.
       | 
       | To get a very junior tech/programming job I would say it's
       | something like 500-1000 hours.
       | 
       | That's about the same as most coding bootcamps. And a lot of
       | people who went through a coding bootcamp were able to get a job
       | in tech.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Are you switching jobs to something completely different, where
       | absolutely none of your current skills are transferrable? Given
       | your age, that seems unlikely, as you've probably chalked up a
       | fair amount of experience in various areas.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | I know someone who in his 40's, after working in the navy, then
       | went to medical school and became a doctor! You can certainly do
       | it if you are willing/able to put the time into it.
        
       | justinzollars wrote:
       | > Could I switch career when I am 43?
       | 
       | You can do anything you want. I switched at 27, with 5 years
       | experience teaching at college and a masters degree in
       | Biology/Chemistry. I jumped into computers. If I get sick of
       | computers I'll do something else.
        
       | shtopointo wrote:
       | Yes, you can. You probably also want to take it step-by-step -
       | i.e. test the waters before jumping in. If you are concerned
       | about transition, take it slow: make a side project, then see if
       | you can freelance on the side, part time it, then full time it.
       | 
       | Mastery will come if you have a passion for the subject, and
       | probably will not come otherwise. No amount of perseverance will
       | make you interested in something you are not interested in.
        
       | theboywho wrote:
       | The 10k hour rule has been debunked by many studies. For further
       | reading, I recommend the book:
       | 
       | Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World by David
       | Epstein
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | I switched from System Engineer to Software Developer when I was
       | 40.
       | 
       | I need to make another jump now when I'm 50. You should be fine
       | when you're 43. Just try to keep a lid on the imposter syndrome
       | for a few years. Try not to be inflexible as well. And change up
       | little things that you do from time to time. Try programming in
       | an IDE if you've never done it. Try a new programming language.
       | Change the shell you use. Whatever. Don't necessarily hop on the
       | latest greatest trends on HN headlines since that can be
       | exhausting, but there's lots of well worn technologies out there
       | to stretch yourself with.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | tumetab1 wrote:
       | I think you first need to be honest with yourself about a few
       | things, at least these:
       | 
       | A) What does being a master really means to me? Others respect?
       | Peer recognition? Work autonomy? B) Am I willing to change
       | careers knowing I will never be a master in it? C) Does the
       | trade-off of changing from a career that I master to a career
       | that I will never master worth it?
       | 
       | In your question there's already an implied NO, do not change,
       | because being a master seems important to you.
       | 
       | Regarding mastery, it's always difficult to achieve it, starting
       | at 20 years old or starting at 50 years old. Most people don't
       | achieve it, they just feel comfortable after a while.
        
         | protomolecule wrote:
         | "mastery, it's always difficult to achieve it"
         | 
         | The better I get at programming, the further I feel to be from
         | the 'mastery' (whatever it is).
        
       | thenerdhead wrote:
       | Think of it another way. It will take you a few years to get
       | kinda good at something. Even less to get kinda good enough to be
       | paid for it.
       | 
       | Time is only a factor for retirement. Your career will mostly be
       | forgotten when you retire anyway.
        
       | robot wrote:
       | yes, only that it will take 2-3 years of work on the new topic.
       | One benefit of it at this age is your brain will remain fresh and
       | young.
        
       | smilindave26 wrote:
       | Tim Ferris' thoughts on the 10k rule (https://genius.com/Tim-
       | ferriss-what-about-the-10000-hour-rul...), including "how do you
       | define mastery?" and "are there ways to more efficiently master
       | something?"
       | 
       | How much of what you currently know can you relate and apply to
       | becoming an expert in your new career? There might be more than
       | you expect.
       | 
       | As far as being more efficient, learning from someone who has the
       | experience you seek can make a huge difference. I'm a mainly
       | self-taught guitar player, and I spend a lot of time identifying
       | problems with my technique and inventing little practice routines
       | to work on correcting them. I enjoy this process, but I know I'd
       | save a lot of time if I worked more with people who could easily
       | identify issues with my playing and already know best practice
       | routines to correct 'em.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | I used to dislike Gladwell but I've come to have a grudging
       | respect for him. He took an old 7 word phrase "the straw that
       | broke the camel's back" and turned it into a full length book
       | called "The Tipping Point." People wanted to buy it because they
       | liked exploring this idea in more depth and Gladwell made a bunch
       | of money while becoming famous. It's hard to argue with success
       | like that. I would never have thought that "the straw that broke
       | the camel's back" needed further elaboration.
        
       | treya wrote:
       | 10,000 hours may be a vague rule of thumb, but it says nothing
       | about what is going on, and it's not just a matter of practicing.
       | Learning, knowledge, wisdom, etc. all come from neural growth
       | over time - your brain responds to
       | thinking/concentrating/practicing by growing in the areas of the
       | brain that were used, and this growth accumulates over time. Even
       | in much older people the brain is plastic and is producing new
       | neurons in addition to growing existing synapses, albeit at a
       | gradually slowing pace. A corollary to this is, don't expect to
       | understand things immediately - keep working at new concepts and
       | skills. If you persevere, over time you will understand them and
       | become proficient.
       | 
       | It's important to note that "practice" can't be something like,
       | for example, simply taking tennis lessons - you must be
       | challenged and struggle for it to have an impact. I would also
       | include desire as being essential - it must be something you
       | truly want to do, not something you just go through the motions
       | for. Also consider that your physical health, regular exercise,
       | diet and quality of sleep are intimately tied to cognitive
       | growth.
        
       | Dowwie wrote:
       | Assuming you live a lucky, healthy, full life with access to
       | healthcare, you can live until your 80s. You will have at least
       | another 25 years left to work in good health. There are some
       | physically demanding jobs that you won't qualify for, but aside
       | from those you've got plenty of options as to what you can do in
       | the next 25 years.
       | 
       | I think the real challenge is seeing a vast region of mountains
       | ahead and mustering the willpower and focus necessary to traverse
       | them. You have to want it and will it into reality. The journey
       | begins with the next step.
       | 
       | The 10,000 hour is bunk, by the way. Not even Gladwell will
       | defend it. It was an interesting story about peak performance,
       | but not scientifically valid.
        
         | mehdix wrote:
         | > The journey begins with the next step.
         | 
         | Am I reading a quote from The Stormlight Archive? Life before
         | death, journey before destination.
        
       | daniel-cussen wrote:
        
       | mriet wrote:
       | In my own experience, and based on what it I've observed, it's
       | all about demand and supply.
       | 
       | I have been hired for jobs even though I said "I do not have any
       | experience doing this."
       | 
       | If you're switching, switch to something that there's enough
       | demand for that the chance you need a safety net is shall.
        
       | grayscaleadam wrote:
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I'm 60.
       | 
       | I've probably done my most meaningful work, in the last 15 years.
       | I feel that I learn more quickly -and better- than I ever did,
       | when I was younger.
       | 
       | It's hard to get 10K hours into _anything_ , these days, as tech
       | is a moving target, but it's doable.
       | 
       | Being OCD (like me) is helpful.
       | 
       | These days, I specialize in Swift programming, for Apple devices.
       | I'm _really_ obsessive about it (My GH Activity Graph is solid
       | green, and it 's pretty much all Swift[0]). Even with writing
       | Swift, every day (since the day it was announced), I feel as if
       | I'm just barely keeping up.
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/ChrisMarshallNY#github-stuff
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | Great job. Congratulations. Besides G Suite Workspace addons, I
         | also work on some QR Code, Barcode IOS apps. I love Swift.
        
       | elforce002 wrote:
       | This resonates with me on a deeper level. You have one life.
       | That's it. You have 3 choices:
       | 
       | 1- You succeeded trying it.
       | 
       | 2- Neutral outcome (still a win).
       | 
       | 3- You fail. Failing at something will only teach you how to do
       | it better or at its worst, leave you at the bottom of the barrel.
       | The only thing you have after that is to get up and keep moving
       | forward.
       | 
       | The other side of that would be regret. Regret has to be the
       | worst feeling in the world. The "why I didn't do it" thought will
       | hunt you for the rest of your life.
        
       | ilc wrote:
       | As someone who is a coder:
       | 
       | My "career" switches with each job. I go from Defense, to
       | Logistics, to Mathematics, to Systems Software, to now Databases.
       | 
       | I'm not trained in all these to 10,000 hours. I have 25+ years at
       | this, and I still have to learn at every job when I start.
       | 
       | So, the most important thing is the core. The very core
       | competencies of a programmer:
       | 
       | - Rigor - You must be willing to rigorously think things through.
       | 
       | - Mathematics - With the above, most of what a computer does
       | is... math in the end. Algerbra is probably the most essential,
       | ironically. Followed by Discrete Math. The rest is all nice to
       | have.
       | 
       | - A bit of "Computer Science". Learning algorithms, what O(n)
       | means, etc. This helps you understand how to think.
       | 
       | Note: I never mentioned a computer language.
       | 
       | A computer language is how you take all the above and turn it
       | into something.
       | 
       | You should work on learning a few. But honestly, one you know 2
       | languages, you know 90% of all languages, and can read most code.
       | 
       | The languages I'd suggest: Python, and C.
       | 
       | People will curse me for C. But honestly for understanding how a
       | computer works at a low level, there is no better language, it
       | strips away the bullshit and leaves you to deal with the machine,
       | but it doesn't force your nose into assembly, which is probably a
       | bit much for a young programmer.
       | 
       | Python, is what you learn to do "real work". I interview in
       | Python, Python and Python... and maybe a bit of Python. There's a
       | reason. It is a language that you can really get things done in
       | quickly, and manipulate things easily. It is the "anti-C" in many
       | ways :).
       | 
       | One can argue for Java also. But really, Java is miserable
       | without an IDE, and the machine does so much coding for you, I
       | think it is a bad early language. Once you know the first two...
       | I think it is a great one to pick up.
        
         | aerlinger wrote:
         | > But really, Java is miserable without an IDE
         | 
         | Very true. It's also miserable with an IDE.
        
           | ilc wrote:
           | Eh,
           | 
           | It is usable with an IDE. Also it forces OO and interfaces
           | down your throat, which is important when picking up other
           | languages.
           | 
           | The other languages you'd choose to learn in the "Java" slot
           | are:
           | 
           | - C++. I like new programmers too much to suggest this. Even
           | if they know C.
           | 
           | - golang - Not a bad choice, but forced OO is a good thing to
           | learn.
           | 
           | - C# - I haven't done enough of it, but it felt like Java on
           | the CLR to me. Maybe with some warts moved around.
           | 
           | - Common Lisp: Too obscure, too alien to read.
           | 
           | - rust - No... just no. Too early.
           | 
           | - ML, Haskell and friends - Yes, I love you all. But...
           | Understanding a simple type systems is important before
           | taking on Hindley-Milner type system language.
           | 
           | So I'm kinda stuck with Java. It sucks the least. :)
        
       | ftyhbhyjnjk wrote:
       | Never be afraid of change. It's difficult no doubt, but better
       | than regrets later. Just make sure to know for sure this is what
       | YOU want. And only YOU.
        
       | flashgordon wrote:
       | I know how it feels. Ive wasted my career missing good
       | opportunities due to fear (and also missed many bad opportunities
       | thanks to fear :) ). Assuming you dont have responsibilities like
       | mortgage etc and fear is the only factor in your way - How would
       | you feel about asking this same question in 10 years time when
       | you are 53?
       | 
       | By the way 10k hours is consistently spending 3 hours a day for
       | 10 years. So you _could_ spend the next 10 years practising and
       | then switch - but that kind of all-or-nothing means you could
       | have missed the boat for what it is you are trying to get mastery
       | on.
        
       | TruffleLabs wrote:
       | See this article
       | 
       | The "10,000-hour rule" was debunked again. That's a relief.
       | 
       | https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/8/23/20828597/th...
       | 
       | "Which is why I find these debunkings of the 10,000-hour rule to
       | be a complete relief. Because implied in the rule (at least, to
       | me) is a deeply self-deprecating message: that if we fail to
       | achieve greatness, it's our own damn fault. And what screw-up
       | would forgo greatness?"
        
       | GianFabien wrote:
       | There have been studies that have contradicted the 10,000 hour
       | rule. However, my understanding is that the rule is about
       | attaining mastery through effective practice. You don't need to
       | reach mastery level in order to be make a valuable contribution
       | in a new job. Obviously it really depends on what sort of career
       | change you are contemplating. If it is to become an international
       | concert pianist and you have never studied music or played any
       | musical instrument, then it is most likely a _stretch goal_.
       | However, if you are a competent programmer with one language or
       | environment, then changing to a different language, etc will
       | probably see you being quite good after a year, i.e. 2000 hours.
       | With more effort you can only improve.
        
       | djcjr wrote:
       | That book is nonsense, so I would disregard it in this context.
       | 
       | Programming language matters. You can't really achieve expertise
       | with some in any amount of time. Choose a simple language at
       | first. Also, I recommend learning more languages than just one.
       | It gets easier the more you know.
        
       | YawningAngel wrote:
       | I think the answer is "yes", but you should be aware that Malcolm
       | Gladwell is a bullshitter.
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/the-dan-p...
       | https://archive.ph/yPd3R
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | Yes, but is he a talented bullshitter or an accomplished one?
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | both
        
       | iansowinski wrote:
       | You'll use a lot of skills from your current job in the new
       | career path. Just do it!
        
       | jacek wrote:
       | 1. Gladwell has a difficult relationship with truth and reality.
       | 10,000h rule is utter nonsense and has been debunked many times
       | since.
       | 
       | 2. You don't need to master anything to switch careers. You just
       | need to be useful and productive. Many employers will value your
       | experience, work ethic, knowledge and will trust you to learn on
       | the go.
        
       | spking wrote:
       | Best advice, plus best delivery of said advice:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXsQAXx_ao0
        
       | dijonman2 wrote:
       | You must always think you can do anything, push yourself to do
       | and be better. Don't let negativity enter your mind, with this
       | thinking everything is possible.
        
       | bathyspheric wrote:
       | My teens was my first jobs; pizza places and pamphlets. My
       | twenties was travelling, hospitality and finance. My thirties was
       | university, science and programming jobs. My forties has been a
       | masters and now teaching, I wonder what my fifties will bring.
       | Each change has let me take skills and experience from one sphere
       | and apply it differently.
       | 
       | 10k hours is not a guaranteed unless it's directed practice. 2k
       | and some flexible thinking can get you a long way towards
       | interesting and new experiences.
        
       | seemaze wrote:
       | Regardless of whether the 10,000 hour rule is true, it seems you
       | are conflating becoming an expert with successfully switching
       | careers. I know more people than not who are successful in their
       | careers despite being non-experts.
        
       | monster_group wrote:
       | It depends on why you want to switch. If you want to switch
       | because you love the new line of work then go for it but
       | understand that you will start as junior and most likely make
       | less money than you do currently for several years. But if you
       | like your new line of work then you will get good at it and make
       | more money in a few years. If you want to switch for any other
       | reason, think hard about it. It may not be worth it. Often grass
       | seems greener on the other side but when you get into the weeds,
       | you realize it's all, well, weeds. (I fantasize about becoming
       | physicist, rancher etc. but I am gonna stick to writing CRUD
       | apps. Those jobs are way harder and pay way less.)
        
         | mugivarra69 wrote:
         | wow, so succinct.
        
       | bejd wrote:
       | Many people here are saying the "10,000 hours rule" is a myth,
       | and while I wouldn't disagree with them it's a little more
       | nuanced than that. Gladwell is a populariser, and simplified the
       | research of Anders Ericsson [1] into a catchy soundbite.
       | 
       | Ericsson describes "deliberate practice". That is, to become an
       | expert you must "work on high specific tasks assigned to overcome
       | weaknesses, and you would have your performance monitored
       | carefully for further improvement" [2]
       | 
       | [1] https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-40718-001
       | 
       | [2] https://www.ysamphy.com/anders-ericsson-deliberate-practice/
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | Deliberate practice is a craft, not art. I understand 10000
         | hours in a simpler manner. We need to do our homework, get
         | shi*t done. In the long term, we could get the positive result
        
         | 29athrowaway wrote:
         | It's a rule. If you have practiced for only 9,999 hours, 59
         | minutes, 59 seconds, 999 milliseconds you suck.
        
       | petercooper wrote:
       | I know this is just one person who was in a different time and
       | under different circumstances, but I've found it inspirational to
       | put age into perspective.
       | 
       | Grace Hopper first entered computing at age 38, completed the
       | first compiler at age 46, influenced the design of COBOL at age
       | 53, wrote COBOL for the Navy through her 70s, retired from the
       | Navy aged 80 and only _then_ became a consultant for DEC. So for
       | _me_ , at least, I reckon I can keep going in my 40s.. :-)
        
         | mattjaynes wrote:
         | And to continue the Grace Hopper example... Remember that she
         | transitioned to computing from being a Mathematics professor at
         | Yale, so she was able to leverage her previous training into
         | the new career.
         | 
         | Try and do the same if you can. Leverage what skills you've
         | already gained to switch into a career where they are a big
         | advantage. Then you are starting nearer to those already in the
         | field, not the beginning.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >Leverage what skills you've already gained to switch into a
           | career where they are a big advantage.
           | 
           | Absolutely. In many cases, there are often a wide range of
           | related/adjacent jobs that are significantly different in
           | various ways but can nonetheless be a fairly natural
           | transition. (Though key word _can_. I 've seen examples that
           | worked and examples that didn't.)
           | 
           | On the other hand, I'll go back to school and get a Masters
           | degree in this very tangentially related STEM field is
           | probably going to be a lot harder.
        
             | xyzwave wrote:
             | Harder, how so?
             | 
             | And even if harder, wouldn't it still be a productive means
             | towards the end of moving into that field?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | If I go from product management into software development
               | into some sort of technical marketing or sales role or
               | even to certain types of consulting, there's a fair bit
               | of overlap in the IT industry related to general
               | knowledge of the market, practices, etc. I've changed
               | jobs substantially twice and significant training to
               | transition was never needed at all.
               | 
               | And, sure, if you want to change to a completely
               | different area with much less overlap, that's not to say
               | you shouldn't do so. But I certainly couldn't walk right
               | into an unrelated engineering job at this point even if
               | it were related to undergraduate coursework. In fact, it
               | would be probably be easier for me to do a software job
               | today even though I did essentially no programming in
               | school.
        
         | nebulous1 wrote:
         | I don't know about this one. She got a Ph.D. in Mathematics
         | from Yale when she was 27. This was in 1934, before Computer
         | Science was an established academic field (it was the 60s
         | before anybody got a "Ph.D. in Computer science"), so everybody
         | was coming from some other academic background, often
         | maths/engineering/physics.
        
         | garyrob wrote:
         | Thanks for mentioning in this, which I hadn't seen before. I
         | collect stories of successful aging because I am now 66 and
         | hope to keep creating software, and ideas that can be
         | implemented in it, for some time to come!
        
           | michaelcao wrote:
           | I admire you. I hope that I could be healthy to code at 66.
           | Wish you all the best
        
         | knorker wrote:
         | There are two good reasons why Grace Hoppen should not be used
         | as an example.
         | 
         | 1. You are (likely) not Grace Hopper.
         | 
         | 2. Computer science was, in a way, much easier back then. At
         | least very different. Listen to the Brian Kernighan being
         | interviewed by Lex Fridman; he keeps repeating that you didn't
         | have to be as awesome back in his days, using himself as an
         | example.
         | 
         | Saying "If Grace hopper can do it, then so can I" is like
         | saying "If John Carmack can repeatedly write a AAA game
         | (basically) by himself then so can I"[1].
         | 
         | Not only are you not John Carmack, but this is also not the
         | 1990s. Hell, "throwing triangles at the problem" is just not as
         | hard as it used to be.
         | 
         | Marie Curie got the Nobel prize in two disciplines. That's
         | amazing. But doing it in 2022 would be 100x as amazing, making
         | it basically undoable.
         | 
         | [1] Simplifying a lot. I'm aware of the story but I think my
         | point is valid still, since it's "true enough" when measuring
         | Carmack's coding impact.
        
           | atdrummond wrote:
           | The good news is Quake was an exception to game develop
           | experiences (in many ways!), not the rule.
           | 
           | So the mindset "If Carmack can make Quake, then I can QA
           | Subway Surfers for iOS" seems imminently reasonable.
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | Not just Quake, though.
             | 
             | I remember it as first there was Wolfenstein 3D, and people
             | went crazy not believing their eyes. Then they learn about
             | the technology, and go "ok, well that's cool, but can't do
             | real 3D".
             | 
             | Then that cycle repeats for Doom.
             | 
             | And then Quake, except this time it really was 3D. Quake
             | didn't even really have load times!
             | 
             | Ok, so these people can be inspirations. But probably
             | should not be used as an example that should be expected to
             | be followable.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Even beyond Grace Hopper being an outlier, software/computer
           | science is probably something of an outlier more broadly.
           | 
           | You can find a ton of people in their 50s through 70s today
           | who ended up in some flavor of computers and software even
           | though they barely touched a (non-typewriter) keyboard until
           | college or even later. But at least part of the reason they
           | were able to do so was that a lot of computer science was
           | still relatively young and, even if you majored in CS
           | undergrad, what you got was probably more of a mix of math
           | and electrical engineering than what a lot of people learn
           | today. (Or, for that matter, what a lot of programs expect
           | someone to already know before showing up to their first CS
           | class.
           | 
           | And then, on the other side, a lot of people jumped onto the
           | first dot-com bubble when a front-end web designer didn't
           | really need to know much. (And arguably the situation is
           | somewhat in play today--at least for the time being--with
           | bootcamps etc.)
           | 
           | Which is a long-winded way of saying, I'm not sure how
           | applicable the situation in the software industry is
           | applicable to technical fields more broadly.
        
           | travisporter wrote:
           | But (1) is suggesting only a woman at that age with those
           | life experiences could have done what she did. I don't see
           | why that has to be empirically true
        
             | fn-mote wrote:
             | HN guidelines are to respond to the strongest possible
             | interpretation. This comment doesn't seem to do that. A
             | more engaging response would draw better follow-ups.
             | 
             | I read this comment as mysogynistic. Why focus on Grace
             | Hopper being a woman, as opposed to her being a math
             | professor (Ph.D.), Navy reservist, the time that she made
             | the change (1940s), or some other salient quality?
             | 
             | [Please don't respond to my comment... unless you have
             | something to say that improves the discourse here.]
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | It's not how I meant it.
             | 
             | She had the experience, education, skill, and drive to
             | succeed when she was put in the right place at the right
             | time. I was with (1) mostly referring to education, skill,
             | and drive.
             | 
             | But also If you were a PhD in math in 1934 and wanted to
             | switch to computers, then you were not "competing" with a
             | bunch of people who'd been doing computers since they were
             | 5, because nobody had.
             | 
             | Parent post said she went to computers in ~1945, which is
             | just two years after "I think there's a world market for
             | maybe five computers".
             | 
             | None of that is transferrable to just anybody's career
             | change decision.
             | 
             | With (1) I could have also said that Ricky Gervais went
             | into comedy at close to 40 years old. But you're not Ricky
             | Gervais, so it's not likely to work out for you.
             | 
             | It's partly a lottery win, too, where you don't need
             | certain life experiences to win.
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | I totally agree, hence my preface. I don't believe that to be
           | inspired by great people and their situations means one has
           | to expect to repeat their feats in full. I'm not a Chinese
           | military general but I have been inspired by Sun Tzu ;-)
           | 
           | That she contributed so much with such energy from her 40s
           | through to her 80s inspires me to not see my age as a
           | downside. Am I ever going to be 1/100th as smart or
           | consequential as Hopper? Ha, of course not!
        
         | mromanuk wrote:
         | Thank you, didn't know about her.
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | he's a genious. I live in Viet Nam and the unemployment benefit
         | is not good so I'm cautious to switch career. That's why i
         | founded a company and be a founder and CEO as a part time job.
        
       | Braelan1 wrote:
        
       | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
       | Range is a fantastic book that completely discredits the whole
       | book. Give it a read, it will make you understand how the world
       | actually works outside of elite athletes.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Range-Generalists-Triumph-Specialized...
        
       | sidcool wrote:
       | "There's no speed limit" https://sive.rs/kimo
        
       | raintrees wrote:
       | Gladwell biased his measurement to experts in their field, did he
       | not? 20 hours can be enough in many things to get started, 150
       | hours decent enough to begin to command income from those
       | efforts, and if it is pleasurable to you and provides value to
       | others, the road goes up from there in a positive feedback loop.
       | 
       | That has been my experience. Consider giving it a go!
       | 
       | Edit: I wish to add the paraphrased concept: Don't let
       | perfectionism be the enemy of done/accomplished... Another lesson
       | I am working on :)
        
       | eloff wrote:
       | First of all the 10K-hour rule is pretty bullshit. Not all hours
       | are equal. It's all a sliding scale with diminishing returns.
       | Also there's no minimum level of expertise to reach your career
       | goals. Like in body-building, the initial efforts for an
       | untrained person pays off dramatically more than later effort.
       | See the 80/20 rule.
       | 
       | You can definitely switch careers at any age. But you also should
       | think about it in terms of both personal satisfaction and
       | opportunity costs. There's a tendency to think the grass will be
       | greener in the new career. That may not be true, most generally
       | available work has large unsatisfying components - otherwise you
       | wouldn't need to pay people to do it. The other thing is
       | opportunity costs. If your new career requires losing 4 years of
       | income while you do an undergraduate degree, plus paying for said
       | degree, then you're 48 and have maybe 17 working years left until
       | retirement (varies, but just an example) then you have to think
       | if you wouldn't just make more money in your existing career,
       | with less risk. Money might not be your primary objective here,
       | but it often is. Also could your family afford for you to be
       | earning negative income (paying for training) while retraining,
       | for the duration required?
       | 
       | There's no one-size fits all advice. Just don't rule it out
       | because of your age. Do the math and be logical, not emotional,
       | about it. Get some friends to check your math, because they will
       | be more impartial than you.
        
       | jokethrowaway wrote:
       | If you think you're smart enough and good at learning, do it!
       | Whatever field you're planning to get into you'll be competing
       | with a lot of non experts. Sure, you probably won't outclass
       | people with the same IQ who've been doing it for longer - but who
       | cares?
       | 
       | Let's talk examples: The reason tons of people from other
       | professions can become devs and be competitive in a couple of
       | years is because: A. A huge chunk of lifelong professional
       | developers are terrible B. Even well paying jobs don't require
       | you to do that much, it's the same crap over and over
        
       | Bombthecat wrote:
       | My wife is starting to study UX design...
       | 
       | She is 42.. she doesn't know a single windows command line
       | command
       | 
       | So yeah, you definitely can :)
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | I took a coding boot camp at age 40+ and changed my career.
       | 
       | Been working for years, making good money, very happy with the
       | decision.
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | Congratulation
        
       | brhsagain wrote:
       | If you have to ask, don't do it.
        
       | rollschild wrote:
       | If you want to do it, do it. Fuck everything else.
        
       | j1mmo wrote:
       | I can't remember where I found the idea or if there is any
       | scientific evidence behind it but I like it, increasing your rate
       | of failure is the best way to learn something. If it took a
       | computer 30 minutes to compile code, compared to a few seconds
       | for a small program today, you could only run a program 8 times a
       | day and debug your mistakes. So I would say, do not worry about
       | time, but find a method of learning where failure is swift :)
        
       | Unbeliever69 wrote:
       | Hey young man, go West. When I was your age I switched from Ux to
       | software dev.
       | 
       | When I attended college at 43 I was the top student in all my CS
       | classes. Same, when I attended an immersive 3-month bootcamp 5
       | years later. Now, nearly 10 years later I am an owner in a
       | startup.
       | 
       | I will admit that I had some advantages. First, I was a life-long
       | programmer hobbyist. Mainly a dabbler but I made stuff, mostly
       | games. Second, as a Ux designer, I worked in the industry and
       | side-by-side with developers so I knew my way around the shop.
       | And last, I've been a learner my entire life so getting in the
       | groove to return to school was easy.
       | 
       | Good luck.
        
       | TrevorJ wrote:
       | One thing I find helpful is to inventory your meta-skills. There
       | are a lot of jobs that require meta-skills which can be super
       | useful in completely different domains. Jobs that require you to
       | learn things on the fly, jobs that require you to interact with
       | people and navigate complex situations with multiple
       | stakeholders, etc. You may find that there are a ton of things
       | you are good at which will transfer readily to the new path you
       | want to step out into.
       | 
       | And even if not, it's probably worth a shot anyway if you are
       | interested in it.
        
       | fm2606 wrote:
       | Yep. I switched career fields at 36, stayed for 14 years and then
       | switched career fields again at 50. Still in this new career
       | field but just changed companies in August at 52.
       | 
       | It took me a relatively long time (6 to 9 months) to land this
       | new job. I'm pretty sure my skills weren't where they needed to
       | be as a software developer played more of a part than my age for
       | other companies to not hire me. I had some great interviews but
       | it all worked out. Really happy with the new company.
        
       | effnorwood wrote:
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | If you have a bit of a safety net, by all means give it a try. I
       | wish I could.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | The 10,000 Hour Rule is misnamed. It's not a rule. It's a rough
       | estimate.
       | 
       | Also, when you read the small print, it does not guarantee
       | success. It simply say that *if* you aim to achieve mastery - to
       | be towards to the top of your given field - then expect to put in
       | *at least* 10,000 hrs.
       | 
       | It's a generalization and will vary from individual to individual
       | and skill to skill.
       | 
       | As a side note, I recently started reading "The Are of
       | Possibility" by Zander and Zander. If your considering a career /
       | life pivot then this book might be for you.
       | 
       | https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/the-art-of-possibility-transfo...
        
         | piscatorialvet wrote:
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | I believe there is a genetic maximum capability by age (GMCA) for
       | any given endeavour. Certain categories of endeavours require
       | significant time spent in youth (early teens to mid twenties) in
       | order to reach GMCA - let's call these type 1 endeavours. For
       | others, you can start later in life and still nearly reach GMCA
       | (type 2). Other endeavours are more heavily skewed to genetics
       | and may not require a significant time investment (type 3).
       | 
       | Examples of type 1 endeavours are violin, guitar, chess,
       | skateboarding, gymnastics, hockey, soccer, competitive
       | programming and slope style mountain biking.
       | 
       | Examples of type 2 endeavours are cycling and long distance
       | running.
       | 
       | Examples of type 3 endeavours are sprinting, poetry and power
       | lifting
       | 
       | This is a bit of a strawman, but I think it has the potential to
       | be more accurate than GMCA can be achieved simply in 10K hours.
        
         | sinenomine wrote:
         | Thank you for a rarely heard voice of reason among the sea of
         | self-help-inspired virtue signaling.
         | 
         | I find this culture of explicit expectation of anyone being
         | able to become anything at any age deeply depressing - not just
         | for myself, but for society as a whole. It's not hard to see
         | the rising depression rates and the obvious relevant pathway
         | towards it - society producing unrealistic expectations in the
         | individual only to be shattered by uncaring reality X years
         | later. This extreme blank slate-ism is simply inhumane at this
         | point.
         | 
         | We should acknowledge your simple model of individual human
         | potential dependent on genetics, age and early learning. We
         | should accept the fact that human neuroplasticity is a rapidly
         | falling curve when plotted by age.
         | 
         | With these truths in place we could develop objective evidence-
         | based models of human potential and derive solid advice from
         | these.
         | 
         | Only such advice I would consider humane, while feel-good
         | verbalizing should be considered abuse.
         | 
         | If you think about it, professional sports training is
         | structured not unlike this scheme. I wonder why we can't accept
         | this method for broader and more important sections of society.
        
       | BergTheBold wrote:
       | If you think you can afford to make a change and you have a clear
       | goal, then you should take advantage of it before your life
       | changes and you can't any longer. I had a major career change in
       | my early to mid 30s (I'm 40 now) and it was one of the best
       | decisions I've ever made. I've heard a saying which I heard is an
       | old Chinese proverb; no clue if its background is true or not,
       | but it goes like: The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago.
       | The second best time to plant a tree is right now.
        
       | guilhas wrote:
       | You don't need to master it to change career, just do it. You can
       | always go back if you need to
        
       | throwaway0asd wrote:
       | I have spent far more time programming than I have in management,
       | roughly 25 years in near full time versus 18 years part time. I
       | now have the confidence to refactor people/departments the way I
       | do functional programming. I am not sure how close to 10000 hours
       | either of those skills are.
       | 
       | If I had the freedom to start over right now (also 43) I would
       | get into experimental horticulture. I think there are a lot of
       | missed opportunities to improve macronutrient quality and water
       | resource management with lower pesticide requirements for
       | commercial agricultural in developing economies that wealthier
       | economies frequently ignore.
        
       | pengo wrote:
       | Absolutely. I've had multiple careers, my most recent starting
       | when I was 46. N
        
       | matwood wrote:
       | First, the 10k hour rule doesn't mean people are terrible and
       | then suddenly become experts. They are getting better the entire
       | time. I would argue the large majority of working professionals
       | are nowhere near experts at their jobs for the simple fact if
       | someone is any good they tend to get promoted to a new job.
       | 
       | Second, I know many people who switched careers. You have plenty
       | of time at nearly any age if you are willing to be humble and
       | learn. I have found that it's not that older people can't learn,
       | it's often they are unwilling. At someone who just turned 45, I
       | make it a point to practice humble learning daily.
       | 
       | Finally, think about what you can uniquely bring over from your
       | old career to your new career. People skills transfer very well,
       | but also industry knowledge and general business.
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | >for the simple fact if someone is any good they tend to get
         | promoted to a new job
         | 
         | It's nowhere near that simple. "Too good at x in X to promote
         | to y in X, where X is a career path and y is a stage above x"
         | is fairly common.
        
       | IvanaDora wrote:
       | We fear change as we get older and we no longer like to take
       | risks, especially if those risks can affect our earnings,
       | stability etc. But if you sum up the currage, things can really
       | change for the better. Go for it
        
         | elforce002 wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. You're absolutely right.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | Yes.
       | 
       | It doesn't take 10k hours to master something. Nor do you need to
       | master something to have it be your career.
       | 
       | Being an outside to a new thing at your age can bring insights
       | that others can't bring. Use your head, but there are lots of
       | ways you can bring this to your advantage. It is the folks that
       | cross domains that bring the gains.
        
       | iovrthoughtthis wrote:
       | i would try not to fall prey to an entirely "rationalist"
       | perspective here
       | 
       | you cannot predict the future and success is dependent at least
       | as much on "luck" as it is on expertise
        
       | danesparza wrote:
       | Short answer is yes.
       | 
       | My wife is an RN. She went to nursing school in her 40's and
       | became a nurse.
       | 
       | I have a coworker who was a teacher in their 20's, went to school
       | again, and is now a software developer.
       | 
       | I have a coworker who as a Civil engineer, went to school again
       | and is also a software developer.
       | 
       | It can be done.
       | 
       | What will you do with your one wild and precious life?
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | good examples. Thanks. Recession is looming so i keep both full
         | time developer and startu's CEO as a part time job. We automate
         | most tasks so it's feasible.
        
       | sam1r wrote:
       | Rather then measure expertise with practice (subjective), I feel
       | like it's much more productive to measure it with time spent
       | (objective, hence 10k hours) on it.
       | 
       | Time spent feels much less stressful than "I've practiced heavily
       | regularly".
       | 
       | Since humans inevitably improve with repetitions or practice,
       | it's less scary (for me or imo) to just "put in time" versus
       | "practice" to get possibly better or intimidated by what's
       | "enough expertise"
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | You don't need to become a master to switch jobs. You just need
       | to be able to learn new things. You weren't a master at your
       | current career when you started it.
       | 
       | Assuming you will live to 86, you still have half your life ahead
       | of you. But the longer you wait, the less time you have.
       | 
       | Just do it. You will regret not trying.
        
       | lawn wrote:
       | The 10 000 hour rule is bullshit.
       | 
       | But you're right that you can switch career and with enough
       | practice (of the dedicated kind) you can indeed acquire
       | proficiency in any skill.
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | > Gladwell repeatedly refers to the "10 000-hour rule," asserting
       | that the key to achieving true expertise in any skill is simply a
       | matter of practicing. It could be the greatest practice myth.
       | 
       | Is everyone who has a rewarding career in an in-demand field
       | actually a 'master' of that field? Seems unlikely.
        
       | tacosbane wrote:
       | don't ever do, say, or think anything because of malcolm gladwell
        
       | mustafabisic1 wrote:
       | I found a great article searching through Hacker News the other
       | day - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32497780
       | 
       | It's appropriately called "There's no speed limit". A lot of
       | rules from there apply here as well.
       | 
       | It's about a guy who finished college in 2 years, if I remember
       | correctly.
       | 
       | I've written it down on my white-board and remind myself about it
       | everyday.
       | 
       | Thought you might find it useful.
       | 
       | P.S. I'm working on believing in myself and shamelessly plugging
       | my weekly newsletter for remote working parents everywhere -
       | check it out. https://thursdaydigest.com/
        
         | FlyingSnake wrote:
         | Love Derek and his aphorisms and came here to share the same.
        
           | mustafabisic1 wrote:
           | Btw Any take on this? https://sive.rs/h Just discovered it.
           | 
           | Love this quote and it seems fitting here - "Many books
           | believe they know how you should live. But each book
           | disagrees with the next. In "How to Live", each chapter
           | believes it knows how you should live. And each chapter
           | disagrees with the next."
        
             | rkwasny wrote:
             | Yup, good one for a light read and thinking about the world
        
       | ryandvm wrote:
       | The 10,000 hours thing is A) probably more workforce folklore
       | than fact, and B) about becoming an expert, but you don't need to
       | be an expert to switch careers. Hell, you don't even need to be
       | an expert to be highly successful.
       | 
       | I'm in my 40s also and one of the things I've become certain
       | about over the years is actual competency is depressingly low on
       | the list of traits you need to have a successful career. Far more
       | important are traits like confidence, charisma, the ability to
       | bullshit (I hate this), and soft skills.
       | 
       | Don't sweat the 10,000 hours. It's probably not true and you
       | don't need to be an expert anyway. I'd say if you really want to
       | switch careers, go for it. Worst case scenario is it doesn't work
       | out and you can come back to your current field. That's a far
       | better outcome than spending the remainder of your life wondering
       | if you could have done it.
        
         | BlargMcLarg wrote:
         | The 10k thing is ridiculous for anyone who understands basic
         | pedagogy and, as you mention, actually pays attention the
         | competency of their peers across their life. Most individuals
         | are stuck doing the same challenges over and over very early in
         | their trajectory. It is not at all efficient for learning, but
         | it is the safest bet for employers to ensure consistent
         | production (in their minds anyway).
         | 
         | The main benefit is having _any_ kind of positive coefficient
         | in a world where you have to work to pay your bills anyway.
        
       | f1shy wrote:
       | I know people that were programmers or in the IT branch, now are
       | pilots. Also know pilots (extremely good ones) that left, and
       | started doing different things, from having a shop, to selling
       | land (real state).
       | 
       | It is never late! Just try. Failure is not trying.
       | 
       | Btw no sure if that is your case, but this remembers me of the
       | story:
       | 
       | One guy was in a train visibly uncomfortable. At every stop, he
       | was totally annoyed, and each stop worst. Other guy ask him why
       | is he in such discomfort. "You see, I bought the ticket wrong,
       | I'm going in the wrong direction. At each stop I think of
       | stepping out, but that would mean losing the ticket completely!"
       | 
       | If you are doing something not fulfilling, doesn't matter how
       | much you have invested. Stop and take the right direction.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | I will ignore the speculation about how hard it will be, and just
       | recommend Anki and spaced repetition to make it easier. You're
       | almost as old as me, so there's a ton of old crap filling your
       | head and it's harder to remember new things than it was when
       | everything was new to you. Anki will help.
       | 
       | I'm also trying to actively forget song lyrics, but that probably
       | doesn't help. I do hate that probably 5% of my brain is filled
       | with lyrics, and probably 1% is filled with the lyrics of songs
       | that I don't even like. I hope they invent a plasticity drug that
       | I can inject directly into the song lyrics center of my brain
       | ("Bowie's Area," maybe?)
        
       | belmarca wrote:
       | Switch to or from software engineering?
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Expertise isn't something you need to start a career, it's
       | something you gain over the course of a career. Figure out the
       | minimum necessary skills to enter a new field and focus on
       | developing those skills.
       | 
       | Even if you did spent the (completely mythical, made up) 10,000
       | hours, you'd likely be wasting a lot of time if most of those
       | hours aren't in the actual profession, as opposed to some
       | detached academic hobby.
        
       | JamesAdir wrote:
       | You might want to read Grit: https://www.amazon.com/Grit-Passion-
       | Perseverance-Angela-Duck...
        
       | wengo314 wrote:
       | it's not the number of hours you put in - it's how you practice.
       | 
       | you can get very proficient quickly if you apply insights to your
       | performance to identify your shortcomings and address those.
       | 
       | and similarly you can spend 30k+ hours learning something and be
       | merely mediocre.
        
       | cbsks wrote:
       | Regardless of validity of the 10k hour "rule", you absolutely
       | can. My mother, who had an undergraduate degree in electrical
       | engineering but was a stay-at-home mom for 25 years, went to law
       | school when she was 46. She worked as a patent attorney for 10
       | years before retiring.
        
       | ergonaught wrote:
       | 1) The first bit of advice is to recognize that you, like almost
       | everyone else who discusses "the 10,000 hour rule" (and what it
       | means regarding "practice" and "mastery") have completely failed
       | to understand what the actual author meant, so you do yourself
       | and everyone else a favor by dropping the subject.
       | 
       | 2) The second bit of advice is to examine this "reality" thing.
       | You can, obviously, switch careers anytime you want. Only you can
       | define what "success" in that career will mean for you, what
       | investments will be required in order to achieve it, whether you
       | will enjoy the process, whether you are asking the impossible of
       | reality (a very short, sedentary, middle aged person just isn't
       | going to switch into the "Professional NBA Superstar" career),
       | and so on.
       | 
       | 3) Your life expectancy is, what, roughly 80 years now? You've
       | spent maybe 20 or so on your current career. You've got twice
       | that remaining, theoretically, and you're concerned about time
       | having run out already?
       | 
       | All this is a roundabout way of saying your own attitudes toward
       | all of this are the main, though not the only, challenge you'll
       | need to address provided you are not asking to violate
       | physiology/etc.
        
         | michaelcao wrote:
         | Thanks for your feedback. Because i'm a disabled person and
         | financial recession is coming so i am very careful to switch
         | career.
        
         | chadash wrote:
         | _> The first bit of advice is to recognize that you, like
         | almost everyone else who discusses  "the 10,000 hour rule" (and
         | what it means regarding "practice" and "mastery") have
         | completely failed to understand what the actual author meant,
         | so you do yourself and everyone else a favor by dropping the
         | subject._
         | 
         | It would be helpful if you can explain _why_ people
         | misunderstand this rule or at least point to somewhere that
         | does rather than essentially saying,  "you don't know what the
         | 10k rule is".
        
       | secretsatan wrote:
       | I wouldn't say switching career exactly. I'd worked with asset
       | management software for utilities and telecoms a good twenty
       | years, it used a propriatory language no one outside the industry
       | recognised. I got made redundant from my company, and getting
       | another job in the field would have required moving country. TBH,
       | I was thoroughly bored of the field anywsy, and was starting to
       | see my career ending as some aging beardy in a server room
       | looking after a valuable database no one could upgrade anymore.
       | 
       | I switched to mobile dev, although still in a related field.
       | Well, I didn't just start out that way, to keep myself occupied
       | during redundancy, i developed some fun stuff I was doing on
       | MacOS, someone liked it and wondered if they could do the same on
       | their iPhone, so I worked out how to do that.
       | 
       | I put several years of time into it, it wasn't a very successful
       | project for making money, but it gave me something to demonstrate
       | when applying for mobile jobs at the age of 43, and eventually
       | landed me a job.
       | 
       | I had plenty of related experience I suppose and soon started
       | making an impression in my new line, now I work on an app I
       | developed and proposed myself to the company. I feel happier I
       | work with more modern languages, that I can come up with an app a
       | company thought had enough potential to invest time and money in,
       | and is slowly starting to get successful and has an impact in my
       | industry.
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | The 10K hour rule came from the research by Erics Anderson and
       | you can learn more by reading his book "Peak: Secrets from the
       | New Science of Expertise".
       | 
       | It contests the generalized statement from Malcom Gladwell's
       | writings and then the book makes sure to say that it it needs to
       | be 10K of deliberate AND perfect practice (not just practicing
       | incorrectly for 10k hours).
       | 
       | This book will prove that you can learn anything at any age, and
       | it doesn't need to be 10K hours to learn a shit ton.
       | 
       | This is the first book I have my software student mentees read
       | when they start. Why? Because it does one thing. Gives them hope.
        
       | soneca wrote:
       | You don't have to master anything to switch careers.
       | 
       | I switched careers from marketing to software development at 37
       | yo. It took me 8 months of full-time study (I had the privilege
       | to be able to quit my job to do that) to get my first job as a
       | front-end developer. Now, 5 years later, I think it was the best
       | professional decision I have ever made in my life. I am much
       | happier doing daily work than before and, now, I earn much more
       | than I used to (despite a significant salary cut for my first dev
       | job).
       | 
       | To put in hours, I would say 8 months averaging 7 hours of
       | dedication on week days is about 1232 hours.
       | 
       | And I am no master, far from it. I am a competent, mediocre,
       | regular 1x web developer. Some weeks I am 0.5x, some weeks I am
       | 2x.
        
         | headmelted wrote:
         | I'd love to hear more about this switch as a family member is
         | considering something similar as a 42 y/o.
         | 
         | If you don't mind, was it long ago that you made this switch?
         | Was there anything that you'd do differently in retrospect?
         | 
         | The big one I guess: do you feel that not having gone the
         | "traditional" route made it more difficult to find roles in the
         | early days?
         | 
         | Feel free not to answer if too invasive but I'd find any info
         | really helpful.
        
           | soneca wrote:
           | It was in 2017. I wrote a lot about it at the time:
           | https://rodrigohgpontes.github.io/
           | 
           | It was a different moment, not sure if better or worse for
           | junior developers getting a first job. It was before
           | companies were "desperate" to hire software developers, like
           | about a couple of years ago, which made them hire more junior
           | devs. But, it was also before the current hiring market
           | contraction (as a proxy see a post mentioning the low number
           | of posts in Who is Hiring thread). But, it was also before
           | remote work was more common (it was effectively impossible to
           | be hired remotely as a junior back then, now it is just
           | hard). Not sure how all of this balances out.
           | 
           | I wouldn't do anything different. I still vouch for not
           | paying anything to learn to code. I used freeCodeCamp and it
           | only got better since then. To see how I did it, the blog is
           | a good source.
           | 
           | About not having a traditional background it both hurt and
           | helped me.
           | 
           | I just reread this passage on my blog that I had forgotten:
           | 
           |  _"People will undervalue you. Chances are not all
           | interviewers will be nice. On a promising application for a
           | cool job, I got a call from the founder. He said something in
           | the lines of "You know, you have to understand that you are
           | competing with a lot of young guys who are coding since they
           | are twelve. You have a lot of catch up to do. You have to
           | expect an intern salary and even so work harder to show you
           | can become a good developer. Because I'm not sure you can."
           | Maybe he was just using some shitty negotiation technique to
           | hire me on a low salary, maybe it was ageism, maybe he
           | thought I was delusional on my aspirations and decided to
           | give me a lecture to be more down to earth. Whether he was
           | stingy, mean or patronizing, it was definitely a place that I
           | wanted distance."_
           | 
           | So it hurted in this case. I also read some discouraging
           | comments here on HN on a thread where I said I want to go
           | from scratch to hired in 4 months. But, it also helped get my
           | first job. I was hired to work a small team that one senior
           | developer that was only 20 years old at the time. He was
           | technically worth of being considered a senior, but had to
           | improve in other areas. They saw me being a 37yo junior
           | developer with a lot of professional experience and good
           | communication skills a good match for him. Also, they valued
           | my diligence and dedication on changing careers. Saw that as
           | evidence that I would be continuously learning. So, my advice
           | is to be able to demonstrate in an interview that previous
           | professional experience will be useful in the new technical
           | job. How do, depends on the background and strengths of each
           | one.
           | 
           | I do think my blog has useful advice still in general.
           | 
           | I do think it is a good career change and possible at 42yo,
           | and I would encourage them. The only small caveat is that
           | they need to realize early if they "enjoy" coding. It is
           | important. Few people are capable of committing to the
           | continuous learning demanded to have a good career in
           | software development "only" for the money.
           | 
           | Good luck to them!
        
       | sabman83 wrote:
       | I switched from a career in software development to creative
       | producing in films and television. I make less pay and I am not
       | the most skilled compared to others in the industry. I have some
       | knowledge but I have lots to learn. Thanks to Covid none of the
       | projects I have worked on have gone into production. But they
       | will next year and I will have opportunities to learn then.
       | 
       | I am no master. But I enjoy the job and I am happier. I made the
       | switch at 36.
        
       | bloqs wrote:
       | The hours rule is nonsense. You can of course change career at
       | 43. However, while we are all born with relative potential,
       | intellectual capacity and more importantly, personality play
       | significant factors.
       | 
       | Intellectual capacity doesnt change much until past about 70 and
       | it's tied to long term diet, lifestyle and external factors.
       | Personality is also largely plastic past the age of 6. It can
       | shift over time, and this is one of the advantages of youth, you
       | are still malleable.
       | 
       | Age beings to rob this from you as routine and habit starts to
       | build up parts of your brain. Change takes time. 43 is still
       | young in the grand scheme of things, particularly in 2022, but
       | you must question if the change you want is simply your
       | personality being novelty-seeking or the grass being greener
       | elsewhere.
       | 
       | One good reason is if your personality fit has been bad to your
       | current work.
        
       | smeej wrote:
       | 43 years old is only as limiting as you believe it to be. There
       | are plenty of people who are experiencing the most fruitful,
       | expansive, creative time of their lives at that age, and they're
       | not "special" in some way you aren't.
       | 
       | If you tell yourself you're too old to make a change or learn new
       | things, you'll find it harder to make a change and learn new
       | things.
       | 
       | If you tell yourself you're going to meet challenges, as
       | everybody does, but you're better equipped to solve them now than
       | you ever have been, you'll be able to handle whatever comes your
       | way.
       | 
       | I'm not always a "mindset is everything" person, but when it
       | comes to believing you can or can't do something really important
       | to you that's well within the scope of what ordinary people do
       | all the time (i.e., you're unlikely to be able to pivot to an
       | elite athletics role), believing you can do it too makes a big
       | difference.
        
       | iancmceachern wrote:
       | Do what you want. You don't owe it to thr world to master your
       | new thing. You just have to be good enough at it to get by. If
       | you spend your remaining working years doing something you want,
       | but perhaps at not the same level of performance as your last
       | role, that's ok.
        
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