[HN Gopher] GE is laying off 20% of its workforce devoted to ons...
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       GE is laying off 20% of its workforce devoted to onshore wind power
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 168 points
       Date   : 2022-10-06 16:10 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Sounds like GE is being taken to task by Vestas which is
       | essentially a government backed private company.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | Vestas is a public company and the Danish government isn't even
         | in the top 10 shareholders...
         | 
         | https://m.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/VESTAS-WIND-SYSTEMS...
        
         | japanuspus wrote:
         | As posted elsewhere, the Danish government has almost no
         | financial stake in Vestas.
         | 
         | If they did want to make Vestas their champion, they could make
         | Orsted, a global leader in offshore wind in which the
         | government has a majority stake, buy Vestas turbines. As it is,
         | Orsted has historically only bought from Siemens and GE.
         | 
         | In reality, Vestas is based and rooted in Jutland "far" from
         | the capitol.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | Same thing happened in solar, so I'm not entirely sure why
         | anyone is surprised by this?
         | 
         | You can't compete against a nation state. Best you can do is
         | have nation states agree to let you in on the action.
        
           | boringg wrote:
           | Absolutely. The US unfortunately was too politically
           | pigheaded to build manufacturing for solar and wind and
           | continue to pay for it. Go thank your local GOP rep and
           | global warming conspiracy theorist for handing out those jobs
           | offshore.
        
             | jdhn wrote:
             | The US shouldn't be subsidizing those jobs. What should be
             | happening is that tariffs should be slapped on companies
             | like Vestas that are basically government backed companies
             | in order to even the playing field.
        
               | missedthecue wrote:
               | Why? If the Danish taxpayer is going to subsidize my
               | country's wind infrastructure, why should I stop them?
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | Vestas is not a government backed company, see my other
               | comment.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Go look at public policy in denmark to support vestas.
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | If there is public policy support, it needs to exist for
               | all manufacturers. Otherwise it's not legal in the EU.
        
             | pstuart wrote:
             | It's heartbreaking that alternative energy has been so
             | horribly politicized -- we _all_ win with its success.
        
         | vondur wrote:
         | The Danish government I assume?
        
       | s900mhz wrote:
       | I was one of the 20%, fun times. (Crap I accidentally double
       | posted this)
        
       | s900mhz wrote:
       | I was one of the 20%, fun times!
        
         | Gibbon1 wrote:
         | The MBA cargo cult managers appear to have collectively decided
         | to lay of 20% of the US workforce.
        
       | sveme wrote:
       | When did GE fuck up so royally? They seemed to be cutting edge in
       | all their sub-parts, and now they are subpar everywhere. Did the
       | MBAs take over?
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | I know several companies that flat-out refuse to sell
         | components to them. Last I heard, their standard payment terms
         | were net 90, and the word was that they would often overshoot
         | this by another 90 days with smaller businesses. Not getting
         | paid for half a year could easily bankrupt a small company.
        
           | W-Stool wrote:
           | IBM operated the same way back in the day (late 90's). I had
           | a very modest ISV that sold a $5K custom device driver to IBM
           | and it took me nearly a year to get paid. Everything was
           | outsourced - even the accounts payable department.
           | 
           | 20 years later in another life I did business with IBM as an
           | enterprise customer. Same complete shitshow. Never again ...
        
           | a2tech wrote:
           | I also work with companies that won't sell to GE (since the
           | late 80s/early 90s) because of 1) ridiculous JIT bs with
           | parts 2) extreme hoops to go through to get paid 3) just
           | endless rigamarole at every step with them. It got so bad
           | they switched to selling to Rolls Royce instead because it
           | was easier (and if you know about working with Rolls..this
           | should tell you how bad GE was)
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Turbine engine parts, I assume?
        
               | a2tech wrote:
               | Yup, and aircraft engine parts
        
           | bunabhucan wrote:
           | I negotiated GE from net-75 to net-30 (what our other clients
           | paid us) and got so much hate for it.
        
         | neilpanchal wrote:
         | I interned at the GE Wind division in Greenville, South
         | Carolina. It's under GE Energy, and it was a complete and utter
         | disaster.
         | 
         | This was around 2005 and the entire GE Wind division was
         | recently acquired from the Enron meltdown. Part of my job was
         | to sort through a bunch of Enron manuals that had water damage
         | sitting in the Tehachapi desert for 3 years in a warehouse.
         | Surprisingly, the work done at Enron was quite good and
         | bluebooks were really well done. They had already worked on a
         | 5MW version of the turbine and had plans for 8MW. I'd say a
         | third of it was water damaged and impossible to read. But, GE's
         | management was a trainwreck happenning in slow motion beyond
         | that. I worked a little bit with their Bangalore team that was
         | working on wind turbine conceptual design framework.
         | Essentially, GE's internal simulation tool for determining a
         | whole bunch of design envelopes. There was little coordination
         | between the US and Bangalore software team, often stepping on
         | each other's toes. This program ended six months later after my
         | internship. Basically, GE's wind turbine division at the time
         | was Enron's zombie dressed up with nice clothes and trying to
         | stand straight. Idk if things improved after that. I hated that
         | internship so much, part of which was sifting through nasty
         | boxes of molded design docs and then scanning them on a xerox
         | machine.
        
         | gvb wrote:
         | "[The fall of GE] arguably begins with the arrival of the
         | legendary Jack Welch as CEO in 1981."
         | 
         | Ref: "The fall of GE" https://theweek.com/articles/761357/fall-
         | ge (2018)
        
           | twoodfin wrote:
           | What's a comparable example of an already huge, industry-
           | spanning conglomerate American corporation of 1981 that's
           | done better than GE over the past 40 years? IBM is probably
           | the best "successful" comparison, but they were never as
           | diverse as '80's GE.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Berkshire Hathaway
        
               | twoodfin wrote:
               | That's a good one, but Berkshire had earnings of $40M in
               | 1981[1]. I couldn't do better than the 1980 numbers for
               | IBM ($3.5B)[2] and GE ($1.5B)[3] but safe to say in that
               | era they dwarfed BH.
               | 
               | My point is that it would have been extremely difficult
               | for any giant conglomerate adapted to the business
               | environment of 1981 to transition successfully to the
               | business environment of 2021 without changing nigh
               | unrecognizably.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/1981.html
               | 
               | [2] https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/01/16/IBM-reports-
               | sharply-...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/23/business/ge-had-
               | small-gai...
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | General Motors became a finance company that sold cars on
             | the side.
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | My distilled belief is the finance guys managed to regain
               | control of things from labor and manufacturing in the
               | early 70's. After 1980 came the complete financialization
               | of the American economy. Instead producing goods,
               | services and jobs companies were pushed to create
               | 'paper'.
               | 
               | That's why GE and GM both let the finance part of the
               | business wag the dog.
        
               | W-Stool wrote:
               | It is amazing how vertically integrated GM used to be -
               | for a vehicle they made just about everything except the
               | windshields, the paint, and the tires. They also made
               | city buses, diesel locomotives, fractional HP electric
               | motors, earth moving equipment, consumer kitchen
               | products, and sold insurance. They even had their own
               | university that awarded bachelors and masters degrees.
               | All of that is long gone now.
        
               | downut wrote:
               | Also nuclear reactors and the uranium fuel rod assemblies
               | those required.
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | Rockwell peaked at a similar time frame & then exploded
             | into a 1000 tiny pieces:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_International#Apex_a
             | n...
             | 
             | Some are in fact successful companies to this day.
        
         | buscoquadnary wrote:
         | Yes that is exactly what happened Welch came in started pushing
         | the MBA way of doing things, pushed it throughout the entire
         | industry, talked a big game. Tons of MBA programs were focused
         | around the "GE Way" etc. It was when the Peter Principle,
         | people are promoted to their level of incompetence, to the
         | Dilbert Principle, idiots are promoted directly to keep them
         | out of the productive flow.
         | 
         | The MBA ruined many things, it was scientific management
         | brought back with a catchy name. Not creative enough to be in
         | the artists? Lacking the intellectual discipline to become a
         | real process engineer? It's okay you can become an MBA, learn
         | no real skills, no real information and feel superior because
         | then you can lord yourself over the serfs that decided to go
         | into the silly practice of actually providing goods and
         | services, when you can "manage" the people that actually
         | contribute.
         | 
         | Note this shouldn't be taken as a tirade against management,
         | there are good leaders out there that do make things better for
         | those they lead, but my point is that an MBA is totally
         | independent variable to whether or not someone will be a good
         | manager. The problem is that an MBA basically trains people to
         | see their work/world as a video game where they play with
         | spreadsheets, choose the right dialogue options in the tree,
         | and assign your workers to specific tasks, and then when the
         | reality doesn't conform everything hits the fan.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, how would you define the role of a "real
           | process engineer" and how is it fundamentally different?
        
           | ETHisso2017 wrote:
           | > MBA basically trains people to see their work/world as a
           | video game where they play with spreadsheets, choose the
           | right dialogue options in the tree, and assign your workers
           | to specific tasks, and then when the reality doesn't conform
           | everything hits the fan
           | 
           | Accurate except the last part - when reality doesn't conform
           | you come up with a 'transition plan' that involves you
           | finding another group to run over a 3 month grace period
           | while all the workers scramble with much less time than that
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _pushing the MBA way of doing things_
           | 
           | This is a bad, if commonly-made, attribution [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33111247
        
             | randomdata wrote:
             | I'll leave you to decide on the veracity of the claim, but
             | he is suggesting that Welch _invented_ the  "MBA way of
             | doing things", something that eventually made its way into
             | MBA programs thanks to Welch pioneering it. So him being a
             | chemical engineer by training isn't at odds with what is
             | being suggested. After all, you can't go to school to learn
             | about what you created yourself.
        
         | N19PEDL2 wrote:
         | In other areas GE is not doing so badly: for example, it will
         | be the engine supplier for the joint European UAV Eurodrone.
         | [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/03/25/us-
         | owne...
        
           | prpl wrote:
           | GE is so big and diverse that the laws of thermodynamics
           | apply. Some parts have local minima and others maxima, the
           | entire company trending towards entropy, and no Maxwells
           | demon in sight.
        
         | pipeline_peak wrote:
         | When foreign electronic companies came in, same goes for RCA.
        
       | hannob wrote:
       | One thing to think about when reading news like this (which is
       | something I learned through the first solar boom): While
       | counterintuitive, it can at the same time be true that a
       | technology is booming and companies building that technology are
       | struggling.
       | 
       | It's not that surprising once you think about it: Booming
       | technologies means more companies enter the market. Some will be
       | able to produce cheaper or better products than what's already
       | there. If the old ones can't adapt they'll struggle.
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | Offshore wind is turning out to be a lot easier to sell.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, the skills involved in deploying on land don't
         | transfer very easily to sea work. Doing anything at sea is a
         | specialty of its own. So, people with long sea experience will
         | learn to put up wind turbines.
        
           | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
           | I read somewhere that companies who build platforms for oil
           | rigs were getting into it since they already have the
           | necessary expertise.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | Disruption creates winners and losers.
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Warren Buffet has some quote on capital intensive industries
         | like you say.
         | 
         | "The worst sort of business is one that grows rapidly, requires
         | significant capital to engender the growth, and then earns
         | little or no money. Think airlines. Here a durable competitive
         | advantage has proven elusive ever since the days of the Wright
         | Brothers. Indeed, if a farsighted capitalist had been present
         | at Kitty Hawk, he would have done his successors a huge favor
         | by shooting Orville down." [1]
         | 
         | The last sentence is a sarcastic quip, for those who aren't
         | familiar with his personality.
         | 
         | [1]: warning, pdf link:
         | https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/2007ltr.pdf
        
           | didericis wrote:
           | That quip also acts as a healthy reminder that money is a
           | tool, not an end. At the end of the day what matters is
           | building a world that works and enables us to live meaningful
           | lives. Money in a world where things don't work and don't
           | enable us to use our time in meaningful ways means nothing.
        
             | dxbydt wrote:
             | I had to take 1 semester of Accountancy. The problem sets
             | were like - "Acme Corp had revenue of 23,000,000$, profit
             | of 2,000,000$, cost of materials 5,000,000,$ cost of labor
             | 12,000,000$, cost of inventory...."
             | 
             | Ultimately the problem boiled down to plain arithmetic.
             | Just addition, subtraction. Hard problems involved
             | multiplication.
             | 
             | After like the tenth problem I lost my patience & raised my
             | hand - why don't you just do these problems with small
             | numbers ? Like 23-(5+12+4) = 2 ? Why are you making us do
             | 23,000,000 - (5,000,000 + 12,000,000 + 4,000,000) =
             | 2,000,000 ?
             | 
             | The Professor said - Accountancy is arithmetic. With Big
             | numbers. That's money for you.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | Absolutely - it's just an abstraction layer over the idea
             | of exchange. If there's nothing to exchange, there's no
             | need for money!
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | I think thats starting to tip. I fly spirit now, because is
           | usually a couple hundred cheaper than delta et al and offers
           | me the same exact service short of the 30 cent biscuit and 70
           | cent can of coke given out on the delta flight.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | How is it starting to tip? Spirit Airlines stock is down
             | 40% the last 5 years while the overall US market is up 40%.
        
             | beambot wrote:
             | How does any of that make Spirit a good business?
             | 
             | Lots of companies provide valuable services, yet are crappy
             | businesses from a FCF standpoint.
        
             | opportune wrote:
             | That is actually kind of Buffets point. Airlines are mostly
             | undifferentiated businesses selling a commodity service,
             | which creates a race to the bottom with low margins. In
             | combination with being capital intensive, that makes it
             | hard to turn a profit.
             | 
             | You picking a cheaper airline with worse margins does not
             | mean that airlines are a good business
        
             | gen220 wrote:
             | It's true that Spirit has competed well recently.
             | 
             | Spirit (and other airlines) innovated and temporarily
             | enjoyed a large market share of a second modality of
             | commercial flight (very low budget travel). But it isn't
             | (and wasn't, if you compare their operating margin over
             | time [1]) a durable advantage.
             | 
             | The reason is there's very little preventing you and I from
             | starting Soul Airlines, and copy-pasting the Spirit
             | playbook. Many airlines have, and more will. And this
             | drives their prices down, which is great for you but not
             | for long-term Spirit investors.
             | 
             | At the end of the business cycle, the logical limit of
             | their operating margin has proven to be functionally
             | indistinguishable from Delta's.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/stock-
             | comparison?s=operat...
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | I wish an airline would copy and paste the Ted playbook.
               | Every seat was basically business class (on the flights I
               | took) and you had the open seating model of Southwest. I
               | only flew on a couple Ted flights and I don't know if my
               | experience was standard but those were comfortable
               | flights.
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | My guess is that it was less consistently profitable than
               | a more typical cabin arrangement.
               | 
               | The reality is it's harder to _fully_ book a plane like
               | the one you describe, than one with a distribution of
               | seats that more closely resembles the distribution of the
               | commercial airline customer population, especially when
               | you consider how to pass on the cost of spiky jet fuel to
               | the people in the cabin.
               | 
               | On a plan with 8 business class seats, you can pass on
               | most of that price to those 8, and you'll still fill the
               | rest of the cabin and make money on the flight. With
               | "only" 30 business class seats, it's a different story.
               | Missing 6 seats might cause you to lose money.
               | 
               | Wikipedia says Ted folded in 2008, amid a spike in fuel
               | prices.
        
           | snake_doc wrote:
           | I don't think he's particularly concerned with capital. It's
           | the lack of competitive advantage that is key. Insurance (the
           | classic financial services industry that is Buffet's life
           | blood) is one of the most capital intensive industries.
           | 
           | Airlines lack substantial economies of scale, customer
           | captivity, captive supply, or regulatory protections. The
           | airline industry is a textbook case of an industry with no
           | durable competitive advantages, thus the only performance
           | factor is operational efficiency.
           | 
           | Insurance on the other hand, there are substantial economies
           | of scale (large fixed costs and also larger insurance
           | companies are more diversified thus less costly/risky) and
           | high customer captivity (high switching cost, high search
           | cost).
        
             | gen220 wrote:
             | You're right! I was lazy with my words, it's definitely the
             | durability that he's concerned with. The word durable, from
             | the quote, is even emphasized in the original text.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Airlines have huge economies of scale due to network
             | effects. Most customers will only buy a ticket if they can
             | reach their final destination on a single airline with only
             | one (or at most two) transfers. Code share agreements with
             | partner airlines only partly mitigate this.
             | 
             | The other major factor which prevents airlines from ever
             | sustaining high profits is pilot unions. The pilots will
             | demand most of the extra profits, and usually get it
             | because a strike instantly shuts down the entire airline.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Pilot unions have gotten the shit kicked out of them for
               | years. 1970 wants its argument back.
               | 
               | Tickets are fungible and people will make insane choices
               | to save a dollar. The constrained resource is gates. The
               | network effects that make big airlines viable are
               | expensive, so without regulation there's always upstarts
               | who drive the price as low as possible. That's why
               | Emirates is fancy.
               | 
               | If you live near NYC, there is an airport in Newburg that
               | attracts weird financial engineering airlines that
               | leverage leases to fly international cheaply. When I saw
               | Hamilton, I flew Norwegian airlines from NY to London for
               | $24. The long term parking cost more.
               | 
               | It's an industry where the low barrier to entry ensures
               | that the industry as a whole is barely profitable.
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | Economies of Scale and Network Effects are distinct
               | business powers.
               | 
               | "Network Effects" means the Nth person doing business
               | with the company generates more _value_ for the business
               | 's service to everyone else, all else equal. I don't
               | think airlines have network effects. There isn't much
               | benefit to flying a highly-trafficked airline vs a lower-
               | trafficked airline, provided they have the same routes.
               | (If anything, this might be marginally inversely
               | correlated? Small airlines seem to have a better
               | experience than the big ones)
               | 
               | "Economies of Scale" means that cost of goods sold
               | becomes a lower percentage of revenue as revenue grows.
               | This doesn't hold true for airlines, because jet fuel &
               | taxes thereon, and leasing gate space make up the biggest
               | fixed costs IIRC. Bigger airlines don't have a lot of
               | negotiating edge vs small ones, here. Plus, big airlines
               | have an exponential logistical problem to solve, which is
               | costlier to solve "at scale". Thus, profit scales
               | _basically_ linearly (some might argue sub-linearly) with
               | revenue.
               | 
               | There are indeed regional economies of scale for those
               | airlines that invest in monopolizing growing transit
               | hubs. Virgin Airlines and Southwest built their
               | businesses on them, and are well-studied examples. But
               | they are not durable over a long enough time horizon, and
               | don't "scale" up to bigger footprints.
               | 
               | Airlines "own" far too little of their costs, and startup
               | cost is far too low, for them to be durable _and_ large
               | business.
               | 
               | The dynamic is terrible for value investors like BRK, but
               | arguably quite great for consumers (fliers). And not too
               | shabby for early-stage investors, either.
        
               | snake_doc wrote:
               | Having a higher route coverage is a function of size
               | absolutely. However, it is definitely not a significant
               | competitive advantage. Economies of scale is applicable
               | in absolute and relative terms.
               | 
               | Airline A can have 100% coverage everywhere in the world
               | and be the largest airline. But if Airline B enters a
               | specific route, there is no advantage to a customer
               | whether they ride with A or B for that specific route.
               | This is why there are so many entrants into the industry.
               | 
               | The biggest factor to the lack of durable profits in the
               | airline industry isn't labor or unions. It's the ease of
               | entry into the market which puts tremendous pressure on
               | price. There are no substantial barriers to entry, prices
               | go down until profits are close to zero. So in classical
               | value based investment lingo, it is an industry with no
               | competitive advantages.
               | 
               | The airlines industry in aggregate has never had a ROIC
               | greater than its cost of capital over the long term (>1
               | yr) for the lifetime of the industry.
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | There were attempts to introduce artificial scarcity with
               | loyalty programs. I used to be a more frequent flyer and
               | still fly enough that I will pay a premium (up to a
               | point) to get the benefits - upgrades and free-personal
               | travel. Locking in business-traveler loyalty has long
               | been a key to profitability in airlines.
        
         | eldaisfish wrote:
         | this does not translate well to an industry like wind energy
         | where there are multiple moving parts, literally and
         | metaphorically.
         | 
         | the solar industry is literally zero moving parts. Panels and
         | inverters are off-the-shelf commodities that are in a race to
         | the bottom for price. this is further helped by the fact that
         | they are largely interchangeable.
         | 
         | Wind turbines do not function like this and they are
         | complicated, dynamic systems requiring continuous monitoring
         | and regular maintenance.
         | 
         | The reality here is that the wind energy industry is and will
         | continue to see a boom and order books are often full years
         | into the future. Despite the headlines, onshore wind isn't
         | going anywhere because there are many regions around the world
         | where offshore wind does not work well.
         | 
         | Offshore wind is being hyped up by Europe - coincidentally, a
         | region with relatively shallow seas and limited land area.
         | Despite the boom, there are not that many manufacturers of wind
         | turbines precisely because it is a capital intensive industry.
         | This is not good news.
        
         | ABeeSea wrote:
         | Also growth is hard to manage. And GE power has multiple
         | business lines ( nuclear, hydrogen, off-shore wind) that might
         | be better investments and higher margins than onshore wind.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I would say in climate tech it's a bit different. Yes companies
         | can be suffering but typically for any of these energy
         | technology companies they have significant manufacturing costs
         | and long periods in which they have to deploy that capital to
         | physically manufacture goods. It isn't necessarily the
         | competition that sinks the companies its the market structure
         | and timing.
         | 
         | In the case of solar what happened was that the Chinese
         | government underwrote Chinese manufacturers who produced
         | significant volumes of solar panels which they dumped on the
         | global market for incredibly cheap prices which put pressure on
         | all the other global manufactures and consolidated the market.
         | That said a lot of the Chinese manufacturers also went bankrupt
         | as they undercut each other on prices to fill out the
         | manufacturer queue.
         | 
         | Also in energy tech you don't have infinite upside like
         | technology -- as you deploy hard capital you have a finite
         | range that you can get returns on. In the electricity markets
         | you typically have to build technology and sell it for cheaper
         | than what is currently available (i.e. project finance your
         | project on a PPA < market rates). Already a fundamentally
         | difficult structure to do well in - add in regulatory slowdown,
         | political mandates, utilities as your clients (slow lead
         | times).
        
       | Proven wrote:
        
       | peppertree wrote:
       | Jack Welch destroyed the company and wrote a book to brag about
       | it.
        
         | infamouscow wrote:
         | Jack Welch is evil incarnate. He ought to be universally
         | condemned for moral bankruptcy.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Worse than Al "Chainsaw" Dunlap? I think it's neck and neck.
        
             | 7speter wrote:
             | Did Al Dunlap leave a massive gap in tons of pension funds?
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Jack Welch got very rich and maintains a great reputation as a
         | business leader despite destroying the company, and wrote a
         | book to brag about it. "Getting away with it" is a key part of
         | a juvenile power fantasy that motivates a lot of people, and at
         | least one political party.
        
         | travisporter wrote:
         | Oh man really? I liked this guy so much I got a book signed by
         | him in early 2000s. Where can I read more
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | https://globalpi.org/research/how-jack-welch-destroyed-
           | sloan...
           | 
           | https://www.ft.com/content/3f1ac0e6-f204-478d-8b64-54a699a12.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2022/06/01/1101505691/short-term-
           | profits...
           | 
           | https://www.axios.com/2022/05/31/jack-welchs-questionable-
           | le...
           | 
           | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Man-Who-Broke-
           | Cap...
        
           | thesausageking wrote:
           | tl;dr - He turned GE into a financial services company,
           | destroyed the culture of engineering that had built it, and
           | bumped up their stock price via financial engineering. After
           | he left, it's been a slow, painful trip downwards.
           | 
           | Oh, and he fought hard against the EPA and scientists who
           | said PCBs had bad health consequences so that GE could
           | continue dumping them into the Hudson river and not have to
           | pay for the cleanup until 30 years later (when he was long
           | since retired).
        
             | devchix wrote:
             | Old boss golfed with him. Suddenly everyone was a 6-Sigma
             | blackbelt, or assigned on a 6-Sigma track, even outside of
             | manufacturing. That lasted like two whole years. Bad times.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | You can always check his Wikipedia page, where the
           | "Criticism" section is longer than the "CEO" section.
        
           | a2tech wrote:
           | Turns out that if you hollow out a giant company you can turn
           | out huge profits and it takes awhile for the corpse to fall.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | See also: private equity firms that specialize in finding a
             | business that is currently struggling for one reason or
             | another so they can buy it out and siphon off all of the
             | equity and jump ship before the regular creditors catch up.
             | Lots of safe money to be made by dismantling the work of
             | generations.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | It boggles my mind that in MBA circles Welch is still
         | considered "one of the greats". He took an innovative company
         | and destroyed it with finance shenanigans. In a properly-
         | functioning society he'd have been tarred and feathered, and
         | business schools would use his name as a warning example of
         | what not to do.
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | >He took an innovative company and destroyed it with finance
           | shenanigans.
           | 
           | How many times have we seen this exact thing play out?
           | 
           | Xerox, Kodak, IBM, HP, etc.
           | 
           | Some of it is due to technological change, but even that
           | isn't necessarily the problem but rather the company's
           | response to it (failing to invest, focusing on financial
           | engineering rather than innovation, asset stripping,
           | enriching executives at the expense of everyone else, etc.)
           | is.
        
             | linuxlizard wrote:
             | Boeing.
        
           | jimt1234 wrote:
           | I really think the story of Percy Miller
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_P) should be taught in
           | business schools. Dude started out as a street-level drug
           | dealer, and ended up becoming one of the most successful
           | recording industry execs ever. He once paid Michael Jackson's
           | lawyer $25K just to have lunch with him, so he could learn.
           | He's not without controversy, but honestly, I'd rather learn
           | about a true rags-to-riches story than a story about a slash-
           | and-burn corporate tycoon.
        
             | 7speter wrote:
             | Why not both?
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > It boggles my mind that in MBA circles Welch is still
           | considered "one of the greats".
           | 
           | Why? It's the MBA dream to make out like a bandit and leave a
           | trail of despair and destruction in your trail: any joy left
           | over is value you failed to extract.
        
             | ijidak wrote:
             | > any joy left over is value you failed to extract
             | 
             | One of the greatest lines ever
        
       | aprdm wrote:
       | I worked in a company that got bought by GE... was incredible how
       | much waste and odd decisions were made. Felt like layers and
       | layers of bureaucracy, and that their main reason for buying us
       | was because they had billions offshore and didn't want to pay
       | taxes to bring it back to USA.
       | 
       | My faith in anything they do is very low.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | SevenNation wrote:
       | > Meanwhile, General Electric is in the process of splitting into
       | three publicly traded companies, focused on health care,
       | aerospace and energy.
       | 
       | For some context, GE is kind of riches-to-rags story. Check out
       | this chart of the share price:
       | 
       | https://www.tradingview.com/chart/?symbol=NYSE%3AGE
       | 
       | Here's a company whose stock is trading at 1994 levels. It never
       | recovered from the "dot-com" crash of 2001. The dividend yield is
       | nowhere close to a US treasury at any maturity. It's losing money
       | left and right. A good chunk of that was the pivot, under Jack
       | Welch's leadership, from actually making stuff into financial
       | services, shedding hundreds of thousands of jobs along the way.
       | GE was therefore well-placed for full-impact during the GFC.
        
         | kqr2 wrote:
         | There was a recent book about Jack Welch : The Man Who Broke
         | Capitalism: How Jack Welch Gutted the Heartland and Crushed the
         | Soul of Corporate America--and How to Undo His Legacy
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/59366216-the-man-who-bro...
        
           | EvanAnderson wrote:
           | One of my favorite radio shows / podcasts (Fresh Air)
           | interviewed the author of "The Man Who Broke Capitalism" back
           | in June: https://www.npr.org/2022/05/31/1102165413/did-jack-
           | welch-bre...
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | Thank you. I will not miss to read this one. Last year I read
           | https://www.gatesnotes.com/Books/Lights-Out
        
         | geodel wrote:
         | So basically _Six Sigma_ will now be split into _3 Two Sigmas_
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | Factoid: Of the ten largest companies in America before the
         | Great Depression, only GE was still in business after the
         | Depression.
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | What gets me is how Jack Welch was held up as an amazing
         | businessman and model for corporate flexibility for years while
         | his changes utterly destroyed GE's future for short-term gains.
         | I'd argue the same thing about the Clinton administration and
         | Greenspan specifically. There's got to be a better mechanism to
         | force companies and countries to focus on long-term rather than
         | short-term improvements.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | > I'd argue the same thing about the Clinton administration
           | and Greenspan specifically.
           | 
           | I'm curious, what are the things that happened during the
           | Clinton administration that you think were short-term gains
           | at the expense of long-term improvements? I've always felt
           | that many of the _fiscal_ policies of Clinton _were_ in favor
           | of long-term stability (e.g. specifically his tax policies
           | and balancing the budget).
           | 
           | Now, with _monetary_ policy and Greenspan specifically, I
           | 100% agree that the  "Greenspan put" was absolutely a
           | disaster for long-term stability, but Greenspan was in office
           | from 1987 - 2006 (originally nominated by Reagan), so I see
           | his choices as pretty orthogonal to whoever was president at
           | the time.
        
             | myvoiceismypass wrote:
             | Some people pin the repeal of Glass-Steagall (99) as a
             | source of what happened in 08.
        
             | nyokodo wrote:
             | > I'm curious, what are the things that happened during the
             | Clinton administration that you think were short-term gains
             | at the expense of long-term improvements?
             | 
             | The dot com bubble forming and then popping is a notable
             | one, Enron's fraudulent ascent is another.
        
               | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
               | > The dot com bubble forming and then popping is a
               | notable one, Enron's fraudulent ascent is another.
               | 
               | While I agree with this, I interpreted the parent comment
               | as saying there was something specific about the Clinton
               | administration's _policies_ that led to short term
               | thinking. New technology boom and busts have been going
               | on since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution (just look
               | at early railroads and auto companies); the dot com
               | bubble had nothing specifically to do with Clinton.
               | Similarly, WTF did Enron have to do with the Clinton
               | administration?
        
           | geodel wrote:
           | I'd say he was the original LinkedIn style _Thought Leader
           | CEO_. His statements and performance was never critically
           | analyzed by mainstream media when he was at top job for
           | decades.
           | 
           | In case anyone thinks it is past now. There is army of
           | nincompoops who idolize him even today.
        
             | dsr_ wrote:
             | Stack ranking was his baby, too.
        
           | jacobr1 wrote:
           | > There's got to be a better mechanism to force companies
           | 
           | I'd say the current version isn't terrible. Competition has
           | lead to creative destruction. What would be real failure is
           | GE sticking around with a bunch of moribund initiatives tying
           | up skilled individuals and resources. Spinning out divisions
           | is bad for GE shareholders (when the whole thing collapses)
           | ... but I'm not sure it was actually bad for country, or for
           | employees of new companies, or innovation in general.
           | 
           | Things sorta worked they way they are supposed to. Bad
           | management decisions over time results in bankrupt companies
           | and their resources being auctioned off to more efficient
           | corporations.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | > There's got to be a better mechanism to force companies and
           | countries to focus on long-term rather than short-term
           | improvements.
           | 
           | Unions with a board seat. Employee ownership. Shares in the
           | hands of pragmatic investors who value long term over
           | extraction and dumping the carcass on the next fool. People
           | like Welch and characters like Gordon Gecko aren't heroes,
           | they're cautionary tales, the Frank Underwoods (House of
           | Cards) of finance and corporate management.
        
       | Ligma123 wrote:
       | How many hours per day does a wind tower have to be working and
       | during which lifetime to be able to pay up for all that steel,
       | copper, aluminum, and a couple of rare earth metals, with their
       | prices currently rising, and to offset the environmental impact
       | of collecting and producing such materials?
       | 
       | Is their a study that answers these questions?
        
         | pipeline_peak wrote:
         | 1000 flocks of seagulls
         | 
         | edit: HN not being able to take a joke as usual.
        
           | EFreethought wrote:
           | That joke was so bad, I ran. I ran so far away.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | I don't know about the financial aspect, but there are many
         | studies on the lifecycle emissions of a wind turbine that you
         | can look up. How much CO2 a turbine offsets depends a lot on
         | the grid it's connected to, so there's no single number for
         | "time-to-carbon-negative".
         | 
         | However, remember that all power plants have materials, and
         | wind has the second-lowest lifecycle emissions of all renewable
         | technologies (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/80580.pdf),
         | and of course is orders of magnitude better than non-
         | renewables.
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > How many hours per day does a wind tower have to be working
         | 
         | You are asking about the capacity factor, but that's governed
         | more by when wind is available, and is about 40-50% for onshore
         | wind.
         | 
         | > and during which lifetime to be able to pay up
         | 
         | This is the payback time and there are several to consider.
         | 
         | For the embodied greenhouse gases of the wind turbine, about
         | 5.3 months on average:
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686152/
         | 
         | > for all that steel, copper, aluminum, and a couple of rare
         | earth metals
         | 
         | About 6-7 years for the economic payback of capital costs (not
         | counting the unaccounted avoided $ externalities of displaced
         | fossil fuels).
         | 
         | https://www.semprius.com/how-long-does-it-take-a-wind-turbin...
         | 
         | Turbines last about 20 years.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | >> all that steel, copper, aluminum, and a couple of rare
           | earth metals
           | 
           | > About 6-7 years for the economic payback of capital costs
           | (not counting the unaccounted avoided $ externalities of
           | displaced fossil fuels).
           | 
           | Presumably, all that steal and other material is still around
           | in 20 years to be resold?
           | 
           | How much do materials like these depreciate over 20 years?
           | I'd guess in REAL terms not even 50%.
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > How much do materials like these depreciate over 20
             | years? I'd guess in REAL terms not even 50%.
             | 
             | Historically (since 1975) metals have _appreciated_ about
             | 5x after inflation. Here is the 50 year price of scrap
             | steel futures:
             | 
             | https://www.investing.com/commodities/steel-scrap-
             | historical...
             | 
             | Stuff like composites for the turbine blades don't have a
             | clear recycling/resale story yet, although there have be
             | recent attempts to grind them down and turn them into other
             | useful things:
             | 
             | https://cen.acs.org/environment/recycling/companies-
             | recycle-....
        
         | jseutter wrote:
         | The payback period has been dropping over time and is now under
         | a year, in some cases well under a year. This depends on many
         | things including where it is placed, size of the tower and time
         | of year.
         | 
         | Links to articles that reference the studies: -
         | https://www.windpowerengineering.com/wind-turbine-carbon-pay...
         | - https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg24332461-400-what-
         | is...
         | 
         | Wind can compete favorably with solar on price when you have
         | the right conditions, which are both starting to beat
         | traditional sources of power. It is hitting the point where you
         | would select either wind or solar for price, when ignoring the
         | desire for stable output.
         | 
         | One current issue for wind power is what to do with the waste.
         | The blades erode over time and need to be replaced, but mostly
         | consists of fiberglass. It's not a huge problem, but each
         | advancement in technology brings a new set of problems to be
         | dealt with. Still, I'd rather deal with fiberglass than nuclear
         | waste.
        
         | briffle wrote:
         | I would imagine much less time than a huge power plant, with
         | its much more steel, copper, aluminum, concrete, etc. Don't
         | forget the extraction process for coal, gas, or clear cutting
         | entire valleys to make damns.
         | 
         | You are comparing wind power to 'nothing'. You need to compare
         | it to the alternatives.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | Typically less than one year.
         | 
         | > to pay up for all that steel, copper, aluminum, and a couple
         | of rare earth metals,
         | 
         | This sentence obfuscates that we're just talking about the
         | dollar price here. Which is easily calculated
         | 
         | > offset the environmental impact of collecting and producing
         | such materials?
         | 
         | Harder to decisively calculate but seems unlikely to be an
         | actual issue; and trivial when compared to the opportunity cost
         | of generating the same energy with fossil fuels.
        
           | JanSt wrote:
           | One year? With ROCE like that these things would be build
           | everywhere and GE wouldn't downsize. Do you have a source for
           | those numbers?
        
             | anttisalmela wrote:
             | Finland is having a boom, 70% increase in built wind power
             | last year and 70% this year so far, and I checked the
             | projects completed or completing this year. Most are Vestas
             | and Nordex, some GE, and few outliers (Siemens, Eventus,
             | Cypress one project each).
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | People are trying build green power like crazy. But it's
             | not like you can just create a power generation facility
             | anywhere you want. It has to hook into the transmission
             | system. Because this is somewhat hard to organize, you need
             | a certain scale of investment to do it. You also of course
             | need an area with enough wind and demand for the energy.
             | And land you can use.
             | 
             | On shore wind is not as cost effective as solar or off
             | shore wind either.
        
               | JanSt wrote:
               | While this is true I'd still like to see a source. Those
               | numbers are hard to believe. I'd guess it would take at
               | least 5 years to recover $-costs, which is still good
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Apologies my answer was not well stated. The less than
               | one year referred to the energy payback period. The
               | capital recoup time with some back of the envelope math
               | would probably be more like 10 years.
               | 
               | No direct answers but you can back out some timelines
               | from these https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/202
               | 2-08/offshore_...
               | 
               | https://weatherguardwind.com/how-much-does-wind-turbine-
               | cost...
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | > With ROCE like that
             | 
             | There are several businesses in the chain.
             | 
             | The manufacturer (GE), and sometimes component
             | manufacturers, the project lead/developer, financiers,
             | insurers, the engineering lead, and sometimes specialists,
             | the subcontractors who do the physical work. And probably
             | more.
             | 
             | It's not uncommon for some of these to be financially
             | stressed at times in PV. Not the financiers, though.
             | 
             | Jerome Guillet has a series on financing offshore wind[1].
             | On-shore is along the same lines; I'm sure you can adjust.
             | 
             | 1.https://wfo-global.org/financing-offshore-wind-part-1/
        
             | pwinnski wrote:
             | > GE wouldn't downsize.
             | 
             | "GE's renewables segment is going to generate between $15
             | billion and $16 billion in revenue this year, and onshore
             | wind will make up the vast majority, roughly 70%."
             | 
             | The returns are fine and growing, but GE is restructuring,
             | and as the article points out, facing stiff competition and
             | supply chain issues as well. Apparently they think losing
             | 20% of their staff will help, and it doesn't necessarily
             | have anything to do with how long it takes a new tower to
             | become profitable.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | GE is not the only builder. Siemens for example is a big
             | company that is building a lot of wind turbines.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Karellen wrote:
         | How long does a coal or natural gas plant have to be operating
         | to offset the environmental impact of collecting and producing
         | its construction materials?
         | 
         | ...
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | Not just the plant, in the case of fossil fuels' physical
           | environmental impact.
           | 
           | The wells, refining plant, and pipelines for gas, and the
           | mines, railways, and ash disposal pits for coal. And the
           | river intakes, detention ponds and so on needed for steam and
           | cooling water.
        
         | hannob wrote:
         | If you are honestly interested in an answer (which I doubt)
         | here are some studies linked for the carbon impact payback:
         | https://www.newscientist.com/lastword/mg24332461-400-what-is...
         | 
         | It's around 6 to 9 months.
        
       | gsibble wrote:
       | Oh, that's funny. Can't drill for oil, and wind energy isn't cost
       | effective. What's next? Foot pedaled cars?
        
         | throwayyy479087 wrote:
         | You're going to be shocked that I peddled to work today, and
         | saw a ton of deliveries done by people peddling!
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | * pedaled
        
         | cm42 wrote:
         | The operative word here is _onshore_ , for a variety of
         | reasons, like the absence of road/tunnel/bridge permits,
         | neighborhood Karen councils and local politicians, having to
         | manage multiple lease arrangements, etc, etc.
         | 
         | I read an industry article mid-COVID that claimed the biggest
         | barrier to offshore right now was the lack of ships to install
         | them - alleviated somewhat by the introduction of floating
         | offshore rigs, like these:
         | 
         | https://www.x1wind.com/
         | 
         | So yeah, it's gotta be way cheaper to drop a couple of those in
         | the ocean than truck towers out to middle-of-nowheresville or
         | digging a foundation at the bottom of the ocean or whatever.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | Thanks for that X1Wind tetrahedron link - I saw a similar one
           | recently that used a truncated pyramid construction, with the
           | blades rotating between the front and back pairs of legs.
           | 
           | Interestingly with these size is not the be-all and end-all.
           | If you make them so that they fit in the average port (towed
           | by an average pair of tugs), the range of locations where
           | they can be installed increases a lot. As does the
           | availability of ships usable for the install.
        
         | recursive wrote:
         | > Foot pedaled cars?
         | 
         | These have been around longer than fossil fuel powered ones.
         | They're called bikes.
        
       | juice_bus wrote:
       | >GE is also in the process of splitting into three publicly
       | traded companies, focused on health care, aerospace and energy.
       | 
       | First I have heard of this!
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | Wasn't GE long ago taken over by MBA sociopaths that cooked
         | books with financial shenanigans, and deemphasized all the
         | actual productivity and technology?
         | 
         | IIRC then the house of cards collapsed right after Jack Welch
         | and his management cult of personality retired?
         | 
         | Likely this is a "last gasp" financial bloodsuck to sell off
         | what remains of the legitimate parts of the company.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _by MBA sociopaths_
           | 
           | The former VC / MBA who succeeded Jack Welch [1] is the one
           | who discovered the cooked books and financial shenanigans.
           | Welch was educated as a chemical engineer [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Immelt
           | 
           | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Welch#Early_life_and_e
           | duc...
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | Yes. The problem is not MBAs, the problem is management
             | incentives and shareholder incentives.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | Because MBAs are morally and ethically rudderless
               | sociopaths that only align to personal financial
               | incentives and don't have any real integrity?
               | 
               | Unless you're trying to say that there were NO MBAs under
               | Jack Welch's management team and organization?
               | 
               | MBAs are absolutely the problem.
        
               | sct202 wrote:
               | MBA programs just cargo cult whatever is appears to be
               | working. They're like trend followers who just amplify
               | whatever is already happening not trend setters.
        
               | cebert wrote:
               | There's a lot of negativity here about MBAs. Perhaps some
               | of this is merited, but I think MBA programs can be
               | beneficial and aren't as "cargo cult" as some commenters
               | have suggested. I am a principal software engineer
               | working on cloud projects, but decided to get a MBA in
               | 2017. I learned a lot of valuable skills such as
               | accounting, finance, negotiations, and HR that I had
               | little to no exposure to in my undergraduate Computer
               | Science program. Knowing how to read SEC filings and how
               | to sell projects and ideas to executives has only helped
               | me in my career. The MBA program I was in helped me get
               | exposure to many business fundamentals. There's a lot of
               | negativity, but if you look at many MBA programs, most of
               | them focus on the fundamentals.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Two wrongs make it right?
        
           | ABeeSea wrote:
           | The current CEO is doing a pretty good job, in my opinion.
           | Has been very focused on fixing the debt situation and
           | improving costs through process and manufacturing
           | improvements rather than accounting non-sense. Comes off as
           | very much a "manufacturing operations / kaizen" guy.
        
         | 7speter wrote:
         | Theyve also either sold off divisions or license their names to
         | other companies. GE doesnt make appliances anymore, Haier makes
         | the product and slaps a GE logo on it.
        
       | Apocryphon wrote:
       | > While demand for clean energy options is rising as energy
       | shortages continue to wreak havoc, analysts say it's been
       | difficult to make wind energy a cost-effective option. The
       | recently passed Inflation Reduction Act does restore a tax credit
       | for onshore wind, but some experts worry it came too late.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | The cost effective struggle is largely against solar and off
         | shore wind fwiw. Clean energy is booming.
        
         | [deleted]
        
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