[HN Gopher] SpaceX exploring mission to boost Hubble
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       SpaceX exploring mission to boost Hubble
        
       Author : tectonic
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2022-10-05 16:00 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (orbitalindex.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (orbitalindex.com)
        
       | jacobriis wrote:
       | "Without a boost, the thrusterless telescope is expected to re-
       | enter and burn up around 2037"
       | 
       | If the government pays for this, hopefully they wait for the cost
       | to orbit to fall after Starship is operational. Seemingly there's
       | no hurry.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | It's only $67M for a Falcon 9 launch. NASA's 2022 budget is
         | $24B. Boost while you've got the political will, don't pinch
         | pennies and possibly miss the window to do so. Future expected
         | ongoing science value is likely higher than the F9-Starship
         | cost delta.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > It's only $67M for a Falcon 9 launch.
           | 
           | You're under costing it. A Crew Dragon mission is ~$287
           | million. That number is probably high because government orgs
           | tend to have additional costs associated with launching for
           | them above and beyond a typical commercial mission. But
           | certainly much higher than $67 million.
           | 
           | https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-awards-spacex-more-crew-
           | fl...
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | What is a reasonable adder to enable the ability to
             | automatically dock and boost Hubble with a second stage
             | using a stock first stage F9?
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | > What is a reasonable adder to enable the ability to
               | automatically dock and boost Hubble with a second stage
               | using a stock first stage F9?
               | 
               | Not really sure.
               | 
               | But honestly, it needs a crewed mission. There's not much
               | point to raising Hubble's orbit without replacing the
               | reaction control wheels. And that'd basically require an
               | EVA.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | It's about opportunity cost though. Is there another $67M
           | mission we're losing?
        
             | kranke155 wrote:
             | I think OP is saying (and I agree) opportunity cost in
             | space budgeting is more political and not economical.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | Laremere wrote:
         | The whole idea of this is that the government won't pay for it.
         | Jared Isaacman has already done one space tourism trip on the
         | dragon capsule, and has ordered 2 more dragon missions, and one
         | starship mission. It seems he wants to be more than a
         | Billionaire flying in space, and have a real impact. The next
         | dragon flight is planning on being the first civilian
         | spacewalk, the Hubble mission would be a successor with a
         | likely spacewalk doing repairs/part replacement.
         | 
         | The extent to which this will have funding from NASA is likely
         | to be limited to time spent by NASA personnel required to
         | support the mission, whatever replacement hardware is
         | installed, and a good chance of having a NASA astronaut along
         | on the mission.
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | The unfunded part is the study. The actual mission would need
           | to be bid out. Other companies could do their own study and
           | make a bid. But I'm sure Jared Isaacman is eager to get the
           | deal and will absorb some of the cost.
        
       | themanmaran wrote:
       | It's amazing to see a 32 year old chunk of hardware remain active
       | and useful to this day. And projected to remain functioning for
       | another 15 years.
       | 
       | While James Webb has become the new celebrity satellite, Hubble
       | is still cranking out scans every week. It even caught some of
       | the DART impact last week[1].
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/webb-hubble-
       | captur...
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | Yup. Though--- I do wonder about the desire to keep it
         | functioning at all costs. Servicing is expensive: humans and
         | their consumables aren't cheap.
         | 
         | I wonder what we'd get instead if we dumped equivalent or
         | slightly more resources into a new telescope, instead.
        
           | dwheeler wrote:
           | I expect NASA to do the calculations, but I would expect
           | boosting the orbit of an existing working telescope would be
           | _much_ cheaper than building a new one _AND_ _ALSO_ putting
           | it in orbit. There are relatively few telescopes outside
           | Earth 's atmosphere; keeping Hubble running seems like a good
           | idea.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | The original Hubble servicing mission where apparently more
             | expensive than building and launching 3 replacements. Those
             | missions where less about cost than actually testing repair
             | capabilities and some publicity.
             | 
             | Which may or may not still be relevant.
        
               | cfraenkel wrote:
               | _ALL_ shuttle missions were more expensive than launching
               | 3 separate expendable missions. (on top of the launch
               | costs themselves, the payload had to be  'upgraded' to
               | human safety requirements. So things like deployment
               | squibs had to be made triple redundant (instead of
               | double) _and_ had to be completely disconnected from a
               | power source until released from the shuttle bay. (and of
               | course, _that_ power connection system had to be triple
               | redundant... the complexity fed on itself) and that 's
               | before you get to the paperwork and the safety reviews...
               | And you had to staff up three launch teams, instead of
               | two... you needed a full team at Johnson in addition to
               | the Cape and your own site. And the launch teams needed
               | to be onsite for the full shuttle mission and rehearsals,
               | and jerked around by the incessant shuttle schedule
               | slips. The costs just kept piling up. )
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | It's not just orbital boosting.
             | 
             | It's also doing things like swapping out reaction wheels
             | and dying hardware of various kinds.
             | 
             | And as soon as you're doing that, you're probably using
             | humans. And then because the cost is already so big, you
             | might as well replace some instruments, too...
        
               | melling wrote:
               | Yes, humans are needed until they're not.
               | 
               | Once they're no longer needed the cost of repair drops by
               | 100x.
               | 
               | Musk's android seems like a bit of a gimmick but
               | hopefully he stirs up enough imagination in people that
               | we get a few breakthroughs in robotics.
               | 
               | Then we can explore the entire solar system...build bases
               | on Mars and the moons of Jupiter, etc without sending
               | humans
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | we can't even get a robot to fix a dishwasher or to sort
               | trash. Let alone am orbital telescope
        
               | Nullinker wrote:
               | My city removed all plastic recycling bins several years
               | ago in favor of using trash sorting robots after
               | collecting mixed waste.
               | 
               | The robots could pick sort 70% effectively while the
               | population of humans after years of training was stuck at
               | 50%. I imagine the efficiency of the robots may even have
               | increased a bit since then.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | Interesting! Which city, and is there a writeup with more
               | details?
        
               | melling wrote:
               | Yeah, many people think it's impossible until someone
               | else does it.
               | 
               | The game of Go wasn't close to being won by a computer
               | until DeepMind came along.
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/9/11185030/google-
               | deepmind-a...
        
               | dotnet00 wrote:
               | To be fair, making a robot to fix a specific kind of
               | dishwasher whose internal layout is known and where fixes
               | involve replacing parts already meant to be replaceable
               | is probably a lot easier than one that can fix any
               | dishwasher. Same with sorting trash.
               | 
               | The big point here is that this boosting and potentially
               | servicing mission isn't being pitched by NASA. It's a
               | SpaceX proposal connected to their entirely private
               | program to develop EVA capability for Dragon and to
               | eventually test Starship's ability to support crews in
               | space. Thus for NASA it would likely be cheaper than if
               | they were asking for it.
               | 
               | So the reason we likely won't see a robotic servicing of
               | Hubble (from this) is that it doesn't have as much
               | relevance to SpaceX's goals with Polaris Dawn as just
               | docking, orbit raising and maybe crewed servicing does.
        
               | queuebert wrote:
               | I can't even get my dishwasher to clean my dishes. This
               | is not the future I was promised.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The trick is let your dog lick them clean.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | biological automation is always superior
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | A boost module can semipermanently attach itself and take
               | over all the maneuvering functions with its own hardware
               | suite.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Ha, found the practical engineer! I didn't think of that.
               | Brilliant!
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | On the last Hubble service mission, they added a soft
               | capture mechanism. They could attach a boost module to
               | that.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope#/med
               | ia/...
        
               | xani_ wrote:
               | Or Kerbal Space Program player lmao.
               | 
               | I definitely did that once or twice, just send a small
               | craft with some RCS thrusters and reaction wheels then
               | attach it to spacecraft via The Claw
        
               | deelowe wrote:
               | Do they plan to do more manned missions to Hubble?
        
               | gs17 wrote:
               | This proposal (by being part of Polaris) is implied to be
               | manned as far as I can tell.
        
               | thaeli wrote:
               | It's also proposed to be funded by Isaacman. Reading
               | between the lines, he's probably planning to go to space
               | personally and fix the Hubble. Which is kinda a vanity
               | project at that point, but hey, I'll take it.
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | Both he and SpaceX seem committed to expanding the
               | capabilities of private spaceflight and private
               | astronauts. If they are into it, why not?
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Hubble re-enters in 2037, and is useless because of
               | orbital mechanics a few years before that.
               | 
               | I think it's unlikely the current reaction wheel system
               | lasts to that ~2032 timeframe, let alone significantly
               | beyond.
               | 
               | Of 6 wheels, 2 are working well, 1 is dodgy, and 3 have
               | failed. 3 are required to keep orientation.
        
               | mkw5053 wrote:
               | I thought they could now control it with only 2 reaction
               | wheels [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/10543974.pdf
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | As other's have commented, NASA has "free" telescopes
             | donated to them by the NRO.
        
           | pkaye wrote:
           | The next space telescope will be the Nancy Grace Roman
           | telescope which is a wide angle telescope so not an exact
           | replacement.
           | 
           | https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/
           | 
           | The longer term goal is the Luvoir telescope but its not yet
           | been approved and will probably require significant R&D like
           | JWST.
           | 
           | https://www.luvoirtelescope.org/
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Sure. I'm not talking about the timelines of existing plans
             | for new telescopes. I'm comparing ROI vs:
             | 
             | - mission to reboost _and service Hubble in various ways_
             | 
             | - launching a new space telescope mission
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | It takes about fifteen years from concept studies to
               | launch for a Hubble-class space telescope. I guess you
               | could make it in ten if you just chose to replicate
               | Hubble's instruments and if NRO had another spare Keyhole
               | stashed somewhere...
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | The NRO donated two and parts for a third to NASA in
               | 2012. One is apparently being used for the Roman Space
               | Telescope, which would seem to leave another and a
               | primary mirror of a third still unused.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | A new hubble-scale space telescope is a multibillion dollar
           | project - Hubble cost about $7 billion in 2022 dollars at the
           | time of launch, JWST cost $10 billion.
           | 
           | By comparison, a manned servicing mission would likely cost
           | in the mid hundreds of millions, or about 1-10% of the cost
           | of a new telescope. It's unlikely that a one time injection
           | of cash would buy much additional functionality for future
           | satellites. By comparison, buying an extra few years before
           | you need a proper replacement satellite would allow you to
           | build a substantially better telescope at the same annual
           | funding rate, or build the same telescope at a lower annual
           | funding rate.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Things only cost that much per unit because they are one-
             | offs. The trick to saving pots of money is to build
             | duplicates, which will not incur research, design, tooling,
             | test rig, etc., costs.
        
               | zopa wrote:
               | True but there's also decreasing marginal utility for
               | each duplicate. A second telescope in any given class
               | would be awesome but it's always going to be less
               | groundbreaking and useful than the first one.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The universe is so big, and so many things to look at, I
               | find it hard to believe we couldn't productively use 100
               | Hubbles.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | 100 Hubble's would be great but 100 Hubble's and nothing
               | else would not be
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | Well if we had built a warehouse full of Hubbles, then
               | launching a duplicate would make a lot of sense, but we
               | didn't and now the cost of making a replacement after all
               | the custom tooling and talent has been lost is just as
               | expensive as the first time around.
        
               | WWLink wrote:
               | The other problem with these is the big super high
               | quality optical mirrors. Going to a production line with
               | those would be really interesting! I don't think you'd
               | get a big enough economy of scale to mass produce them in
               | a just-in-time pipeline though.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Once you've designed and built the grinding machine (I
               | saw a picture of it, it fills a special room) you've done
               | most of it. Same for the custom test rig.
               | 
               | SpaceX shows what happens to costs when you re-use
               | designs and tooling.
        
           | kijin wrote:
           | Perhaps if we keep it in orbit long enough, robot technology
           | will improve to a point where we don't need to send any
           | humans to service the Hubble anymore.
           | 
           | Also, servicing the Hubble is exactly the kind of mission
           | that commercial space ventures can use to showcase their
           | tech. Relatively low risk, high media exposure. A pretty good
           | practice ground, really.
        
             | sgtnoodle wrote:
             | By the time robotics advances to that point, it would most
             | certainly be economical to manufacture a significantly more
             | capable replacement telescope, wouldn't it? As far as I
             | know, there isn't any particularly exotic materials in
             | Hubble, it's just a big heavy precision manufactured (lol)
             | object.
             | 
             | Even right now, it seems like the real cost of a falcon
             | heavy launch is relatively low. We would get more science
             | for the money by mass producing several higher performance
             | telescopes with fewer reliability requirements.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rlt wrote:
           | True for now, but Starship, if full and rapid reusability is
           | achieved, will radically change the economics of space
           | missions.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | The next gen space telescopes are already being planned. It
           | just takes a long time to get them completed. In the mean
           | time, we have a working telescope. We should just let it die
           | and not be used while we wait for the next to come about?
        
             | ericbarrett wrote:
             | Older telescopes can still contribute to science in
             | parallel, too. Even terrestrial telescope time is booked
             | years in advance. More scopes means more time for secondary
             | pursuits, hands-on time for more junior astronomers,
             | observations for more speculative theories, etc.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Terrestrial telescopes don't have nearly the degree of
               | maintenance costs that a manned servicing mission in
               | orbit entails.
               | 
               | If fixing your old terrestrial 0.5m telescope were going
               | to cost more than a shiny new PlaneWave 0.5m, you can bet
               | that you're going to replace.
        
               | ericbarrett wrote:
               | Of course, the cost tradeoff is quite different. All I'm
               | saying is that a telescope, ground or space, does not
               | suddenly become irrelevant because it's not the latest
               | and greatest, so the expected value of the Hubble may
               | remain positive after newer scopes are launched.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Each new space based platform also is built to see
               | different parts of the spectrum. Hubble happens to be
               | mainly visible. It is not irrelevant just because JWST is
               | now active. To the contrary, they are combining images
               | from each platform as a composite because they see
               | different things for the same objects.
               | 
               | There would be no purpose of launching a new visible
               | spectrum space platform unless it is going to seriously
               | dwarf the size of Hubble. Hubble can already be upgraded
               | with new sensors, and has. Which is part of the reason
               | Hubble remains relevant. Hindsight being 20/20 and all,
               | JWST learned from Hubble's need for contact lenses, which
               | would be assumed to follow for whatever next is.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Because servicing it (beyond reboost) may be the same cost
             | as launching something new that offers better performance.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Not to mention that NASA doesn't have the kind of blank
               | check budget that the military has (by a longshot) -- in
               | a budget overview they may have to cut service for old
               | projects to even get research on new projects funded.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | when it comes to something like this you are forgetting
               | the government redtape involved in building a new one is
               | likely a bigger cost than the actual engineering building
               | and launching.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Since Hubble is at the upper range of LEO which made
               | shuttle missions difficult, I've always wondered if they
               | could make it slow down enough to lower its orbit more
               | easily accessible for orbiters where part of the refurb
               | is to refuel it so that it could get back to operating
               | orbit.
               | 
               | Maybe not Hubble, but maybe the next gen?
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | The proposed "better Hubble" that would launch in the
               | 2040s is projected to cost $11 billion. That's a fair few
               | servicing missions; it sounds like we can probably afford
               | to do both, and if so, why not? Keeping Hubble around
               | doing science longer is still useful even with a
               | successor planned.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/04/science/astronomy-
               | decadal...
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | We're going to have another Hubble up in 2027 if all goes
           | well: the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, or Roman for
           | short. Originally known as WFIRST, it's a 1.6m-primary-mirror
           | declassified Keyhole spy sat similar to Hubble, but with a
           | shorter focal length and thus a much wider field of view
           | (around 1/4 square degrees, roughly the area of a full moon).
           | Still, its angular resolution will be comparable to Hubble
           | thanks to a much higher-resolution, 300 megapixel imager.
           | It's a visible/near IR instrument, so won't replace Hubble's
           | near UV capabilities. Also, Roman won't have a traditional
           | spectrograph on board. What it will have, however, is a novel
           | coronagraphic instrument for imaging and spectrography of
           | companions of nearby stars (brown dwarfs and gas giants in
           | wide orbits -- still no imaging exo-Earths or even exo-
           | Jupiters, alas).
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telesc.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/why_Roman_Space_Telescope.html
        
             | causi wrote:
             | Why do they call it an infrared telescope when it doesn't
             | see in the infrared spectrum?
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | It sees the near infrared. I expect they got that for
               | free from the camera sensor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
               | i/Infrared_photography#Digital_c...:
               | 
               |  _"Digital camera sensors are inherently sensitive to
               | infrared light, which would interfere with the normal
               | photography by confusing the autofocus calculations or
               | softening the image (because infrared light is focused
               | differently from visible light), or oversaturating the
               | red channel. Also, some clothing is transparent in the
               | infrared, leading to unintended (at least to the
               | manufacturer) uses of video cameras"_
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | It does in near IR, but yeah, it's as much a visible
               | light telescope as an IR one.
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | I'd love to see an xprize kind of award for design of a
         | disposable, flat pack 1m space telescope. Get the unit costs
         | down to <$1m (ground-based 1m scopes are $500k) and put 100 of
         | them up into orbit and make time available for very low cost.
         | 
         | As this is operationalized you could incrementally increase the
         | capability and specialty with each release.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | I am pretty uninformed in this space, but would a swarm of
           | smaller mirrors configured into a synthetic aperture work to
           | make a larger scope? This could leverage mass manufacturing
           | techniques to lower cost, be fault tolerant, etc?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_synthesis
        
             | nick478016 wrote:
             | For multiple individual telescopes to provide more
             | telescope time, yes, but for multiple mirrors to act as one
             | in the visible spectrum, it would be extremely difficult as
             | they need to be aligned to a fraction of a wavelength.
             | Maybe if they are mechanically attached to each other once
             | in orbit it could work. See: ESO's Very Large Telescope,
             | astronomical interferometers.
        
               | cfraenkel wrote:
               | For all practical purposes, the parent comment is
               | describing at a gross level the design of the Webb : )
               | (not much cost savings in that direction...)
        
           | kranke155 wrote:
           | What would you be looking for exactly tho? What are the
           | advantages - what could be studied in this way? One million
           | dollars is really low for space ready equipment no?
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | a bunch of them together might be "crowdsourced" weather
             | satellites.
        
             | _joel wrote:
             | Generally, not for cubesats though, but irrelevant to
             | disposable mirrors
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | Access.
             | 
             | I spent about 100 hours on a shitty 11" Celestron last year
             | learning all sorts of things about space and optics and
             | image processing. I'm hooked even though the results are
             | terrible. I can rent time on some big scopes in high
             | places, but the results are still subject to all of the
             | artifacts and attenuation of the atmosphere.
             | 
             | Putting up a large number of reasonably capable space
             | telescopes could be a tremendous boon to space education
             | and even science. Look at atmospheric transmittance charts,
             | there are entire areas of the spectrum that we can't even
             | see from the ground. Having all of that research piled up
             | behind billion dollar hardware pipelines doesn't foster a
             | lot of attention or momentum.
        
               | cfraenkel wrote:
               | Access for learning and education isn't going to ever pay
               | for engineering and launch costs. Plus, if you're really
               | interested in actual science, there's 30 years of Hubble
               | images available to work through. Crowd-sourced science
               | would be a lot more useful filtering through that back
               | catalogue than coming up with anything new to look for
               | that's visible by something with much less power than
               | Hubble.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | Stable Diffusion for amateur space-telescope astronomy.
        
           | the_other wrote:
           | Hasn't our recent history argued against "disposable" hard
           | enough?
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | When it's millions or billions of items? Sure.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | Disposable on Earth means sitting in a landfill. Disposable
             | in space means burning up in the atmosphere. Ironically by
             | not using disposable equipment you can end up cluttering
             | the space even more because we still need to make advances.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | With current space infrastructure, disposable is the only
             | way to go while maintaining progress. As long as the
             | hardware is optimized to fully burn up on re-entry it's
             | acceptable at current scales.
             | 
             | For example, Starlink can keep unit costs low and focus on
             | getting at least some functionality going while
             | simultaneously working on next generation satellites. Since
             | the satellites are somewhat disposable (expected to have an
             | operating life of ~5 years), this approach doesn't lock
             | them into a specific generation of satellites.
             | 
             | Eventually, we'll have enough hardware up there that it'll
             | start being important to try to refurb/recycle, but that is
             | not practical at scale right now, given that we're only
             | starting to seriously explore things like mission extension
             | vehicles, active debris removal, orbital refueling and
             | satellite servicing.
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | Depends on the application. Starlink satellites are
             | disposable (demisable). Not to say they shouldn't have
             | stationkeeping to prolong the mission lifespan, just that
             | there's no contingency servicing/maintenance plan if
             | something goes wrong. They just return to dust.
        
           | WWLink wrote:
           | There's already several companies doing that kinda thing for
           | telescopes that point back down at earth. For telescopes that
           | point away from earth I don't think anyone wants to do it
           | because there's not much $$ in it.
           | 
           | I've seen at least a few startups try similar kinda things
           | ("let's launch a constellation of cheap satellites and rent
           | time on them out!") and they flopped hard. My favorite tried
           | marketing as a "cryptocurrency in space" thing (LMFAO)
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | I wanted to do a certificate authority in space that you
             | could connect to as it passed overhead and get certs and
             | signatures from it.
             | 
             | This wouldn't be a profitable enterprise.
        
         | cronix wrote:
         | Voyager is still going after about 46 years and about 14.7
         | billion miles from earth (and counting).
         | 
         | https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Honestly Webb is way overhyped for what it is. Almost 8 times
         | the mirror area of Hubble, three decades more advanced cameras,
         | placed so far beyond any possible interference and it makes
         | images that are at best twice as good and roughly at the same
         | magnification. That photo of Jupiter was pretty disappointing
         | in comparison.
         | 
         | With only limited yaw control and no articulation of any kind I
         | was frankly surprised that it was able to see DART at all.
        
           | eatsyourtacos wrote:
           | They didn't create Webb to put better pictures as your
           | desktop background. Saying it's "overhyped" because you don't
           | understand what it's for is just peak internet, isn't it.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | The media hyping people up for pictures of a scientific
             | data collector that doesn't mean anything to most people is
             | probably the definition of overhyped.
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | You have to consider that JWST is working at much longer wave
           | lengths than Hubble. So the resolution isn't much better than
           | Hubble, if at all. Resolution of an optical instrument is
           | limited by diameter over wave length. So despite its much
           | larger mirror, it doesn't pull more resolution than hubble.
           | 
           | Where it excels at is, first looking at wave lengths so far
           | invisible by any larger telescope. Hubble can't observe at
           | those wave lengths and they are virtually invisible from
           | earth, as the atmosphere basically absorbs any light at those
           | wave lengths.
           | 
           | Also, it has almost 10x as much surface area than Hubble. So
           | it will collect vastly more light than Hubble, as can be seen
           | by the deep sky pictures available so far, taken in a
           | fraction of time compared similar Hubble pictures.
           | 
           | The limited targetting control doesn't matter from a
           | scientific perspective. There is a many years long waiting
           | list for observations. During a year, the telescope is able
           | to hit every spot on the sky, so the observations are just
           | done in the order given by the telescope.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Ah fair enough, I hadn't considered the wavelength impact
             | on resolution. That makes at least some sense.
             | 
             | > Hubble can't observe at those wave lengths and they are
             | virtually invisible from earth
             | 
             |  _coughs in Spitzer_
             | 
             | > The limited targetting control doesn't matter from a
             | scientific perspective.
             | 
             | I would argue that it does matter in the case of specific
             | events like the DART impact. Having it in its field of view
             | was either extensive planning or dumb luck. I really don't
             | see how it was too complicated to add one pitch servo, hell
             | having a full robotic arm is even planned for LUVIOR.
        
           | jorgesborges wrote:
           | The point of the Webb telescope isn't to take pictures! It's
           | to collect data. It can "see" way further into the early
           | universe by examining infrared light, which Hubble cannot do.
        
           | cookingrobot wrote:
           | My understanding: what's great about Webb is that it can take
           | pictures in the infrared.
           | 
           | It has to be really cold to do this, hence the big
           | complicated heat shield.
           | 
           | Infrared let's us see things that are further away, because
           | when something's really far away it gets red-shifted down out
           | of the visible spectrum into the infrared (due to expansion
           | of the universe).
           | 
           | So it's not really any better at imaging things that are
           | close / in the visible spectrum like Jupiter.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | I just assumed the general public isn't the main user of
           | Webb. I figured infrared is more interesting to scientists
           | than me. Why else would they have chosen that?
           | 
           | Maybe they'll figure out a way to translate the colours
           | better for consumption.
        
         | Thaxll wrote:
         | SOLID engineering.
        
         | oldgradstudent wrote:
         | > It's amazing to see a 32 year old chunk of hardware remain
         | active and useful to this day. And projected to remain
         | functioning for another 15 years.
         | 
         | With only a few billion dollars spent on maintenance, including
         | five space shuttle servicing missions.
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | So what? Scientific exploration costs money and I'm happy for
           | my tax dollars to pay for this
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | My stereo plays all day every day for over 40 years now :-)
        
             | WWLink wrote:
             | Your stereo's electronics are also pretty well protected
             | against radiation. That radiation has a habit of frying
             | electronics (even rad hard ones) after a while.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | What's more amazing is that the NRO has multiple more capable
         | telescopes in orbit as we speak and we're celebrating that NASA
         | doesn't have to spend money to keep that old piece of hardware
         | useful for a few more years. Which isn't bad, don't get me
         | wrong, but it just feels odd that priorities are shifted so
         | much towards black projects.
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | > we're celebrating that NASA doesn't have to spend money to
           | keep that old piece of hardware useful for a few more years.
           | 
           | I'm _pretty_ sure that SpaceX is being paid for this. They
           | are not a charity but a for-profit company.
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | Jared Isaacman offered to pay for the mission, depending on
             | if it's feasible.
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | > What's more amazing is that the NRO has multiple more
           | capable telescopes in orbit as we speak and we're celebrating
           | that NASA doesn't have to spend money
           | 
           | I have zero problem with the NRO's budget or its existence
           | and mission statement, undoubtedly its data products are
           | proving extremely helpful right now in a behind-the-scenes
           | way stopping the Ukrainians from being overrun by the Russian
           | army. In addition to the well publicized equipment (HIMARs,
           | etc) provided by the US and NATO states there is certainly a
           | large amount of data on russian armor movements, ammo dump
           | locations, logistics depot locations etc being funnelled from
           | the US into the Ukrainian military command.
           | 
           | Just because a project or budget is black doesn't necessarily
           | mean it's useless or nefarious.
           | 
           | In addition to the above of course NASA should have a much
           | higher budget. I would like it if they could spend it on
           | things that aren't flying pork barrels like the SLS. If they
           | want to launch huge heavy things to orbit, designing
           | something in two pieces that can attach together and using
           | two fully expendable Falcon Heavy launches right now would be
           | a tiny fraction of the cost. Not even counting the
           | _theoretical_ capability of Starship.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | worried4future wrote:
             | > Just because a project or budget is black doesn't
             | necessarily mean it's useless or nefarious.
             | 
             | Of course not, it does mean that we don't have the ability
             | to know if it is useless or nefarious or not.
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | _Theoretically_ the idea is you 're supposed to elect
               | trustworthy people with good judgment to the positions
               | that sit on the Senate Intelligence Committee and other
               | persons in the US government who approve the budgets of
               | TS/SCI and similar programs....
               | 
               | In reality maybe this doesn't work so well.
        
               | dmix wrote:
               | Something like the Church committee would be nice every
               | decade or so.
               | 
               | Snowden showed they desperately need some light to shine
               | on them once in a while.
               | 
               | Otherwise intelligence agencies have a historically
               | consistent tendency to get a little too laissez faire
               | with people's right.
               | 
               | NRO is probably the most secretive of all of them, but
               | I'm assuming looking at pictures of Russian tanks and
               | Chinese missile silos all day isn't the most civil-rights
               | threatening thing vs storing billions of peoples emails,
               | text messages, and phone calls like the NSA.
        
               | cfraenkel wrote:
               | False, though common, misunderstanding of
               | responsibilities. The NRO is the operator/owner of the
               | space asset. The NSA is (one of) the customer getting
               | data from the NRO space asset. (along with many other
               | sources)
        
               | walrus01 wrote:
               | Though I would bet good money that a vastly greater
               | percentage of what the NSA does for traffic interception,
               | storage and analysis is related to terrestrial based
               | networks (or terrestrial-to-local wireless like LTE)
               | rather than space based, these days.
        
           | adhesive_wombat wrote:
           | There are also two "Stubby Hubble" chassis sitting in storage
           | because they're so obsolete that the NRO just donated them.
           | However there is no budget to actually be able to use them.
           | 
           | If the famously secretive[1] NRO can just donate that,
           | imagine how far ahead their newer stuff is.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_O.
           | ..
           | 
           | [1]: founded in 1960, but only officially acknowledged in
           | 1973 and then by accident.
        
             | rdhatt wrote:
             | ... _imagine how far ahead their newer stuff is._
             | 
             | Trump gave the whole world a good idea how far ahead the
             | newer stuff is when he tweeted an image from an NRO
             | satellite. Estimated at ~10cm/pixel resolution.
             | 
             | Scott Manley published a great break down:
             | https://youtu.be/JRLVFn9z0Gc
        
             | 51Cards wrote:
             | I think one of those is currently being turned into the
             | Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, though I haven't
             | heard about progress in awhile.
        
               | contact9879 wrote:
               | It's been renamed to the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope
               | scheduled to launch May 2027.
               | 
               | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_T
               | elesc...
        
               | adhesive_wombat wrote:
               | Well colour me updated! That's nice to hear.
        
           | kabdib wrote:
           | Go read _The Hubble Wars_.
           | 
           | It will make you angry. Aside from the mirror fault, there
           | were a number of operational issues that Hubble ran into that
           | the TLAs _knew_ about (e.g., solar panel flapping, radiation
           | around the Southern Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly resetting
           | Hubble 's computers, etc.) . . . and didn't tell anyone
           | because of secrecy concerns.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | As usual, Scott Manley did an excellent analysis of the
       | possibilities and the challenges:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXarNOCMV3c
        
       | _joel wrote:
       | It's great Jared and the team at Polaris can help extend it, I
       | hope Starship or similar will capture it and bring it back to
       | earth, it deserves to be in a museum not end in a fireball
        
       | mnw21cam wrote:
       | It's great to see plans to boost the orbit, but I'm thinking it's
       | going to need some maintenance as well fairly soon.
        
         | Me1000 wrote:
         | In the NASA announcement last week they said the studies theyre
         | doing include various kinds of servicing of Hubble, not just
         | boosting it.
        
           | nekoashide wrote:
           | It was a big deal last time and it will be an even bigger
           | deal this time. I'm not sure they had planned for another
           | service mission so who knows if they still have replacement
           | gyros and hardware for it now.
           | 
           | Hubble is a bit old though and space is not very friendly, it
           | seems like a risky mission but I guess the cost to service it
           | today is cheaper than making a new one.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Ship it to L2, so you can service both telescopes with one
       | mission.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | There's a reason for having the Webb telescope at L2. The
         | argument is much weaker for Hubble.
        
         | Denvercoder9 wrote:
         | This doesn't make any sense. L2 is 1.5 million kilometers away
         | from Earth (4 times the distance to the moon!), while Hubble
         | currently orbits at about 540 km. Moving it to L2 will make it
         | much, much harder to service. Once we have technology to do
         | servicing missions at L2, doing another one in LEO will be
         | child's play.
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | If this is the very last service mission, pushing Hubble to
           | L2 does make sense. More reboost missions will cost more than
           | its current value. But if you just happen to have a Webb
           | refuel mission in the two decades, you can add-on a Hubble
           | service mission with very low cost and extend its value one
           | more time.
        
             | outworlder wrote:
             | Space is big. Just because both are in L2 doesn't mean they
             | will be close.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | It's also not that expensive to change planes that far
               | out so being close isn't a big requirement
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | When you have months to scoot between them, they might as
               | well be a hundred feet apart.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | It's a configurable setting
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | Could Hubble be feasibly operational past 2037 without
       | maintenance? Would this just be a boost mission or repair also?
        
         | yellowapple wrote:
         | I'm wondering the same thing. Last servicing was in 2009; poor
         | thing is long overdue for some TLC.
        
         | Me1000 wrote:
         | NASA said in their announcement that the explorations they're
         | doing include the feasibility of various kinds of servicing,
         | not just boosting.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Given Hubble's gyroscope failure problem -
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope#Gyrosco...
         | 
         | - I would not count on it lasting long enough for Jared & Co.
         | to get there.
         | 
         | (My impression was that gyroscope replacement was a "dedicated
         | space shuttle flight and multiple EVA's" sort of job - likely a
         | _big_ reach for SpaceX  / Dragon / Polaris, which have flown
         | zero EVA missions so far.)
         | 
         | Edit: Sounds like the gyroscopes lasting long enough for Jared
         | & Co. to get there is pretty sure. But depending on the design
         | service life of the still-working gyro's - and a load of other
         | critical items - 2037 is still a _huge_ ask.
        
           | mkw5053 wrote:
           | Hubble can operate with down to 1 gyro [1]; however, the
           | viewable regions of the sky are limited.
           | 
           | [1] https://esahubble.org/about/general/gyroscopes/
        
           | HALtheWise wrote:
           | It should be possible to "fix" the gyroscopes by simply
           | mounting a unit to the docking port or somewhere else on the
           | exterior that contains a brand new gyroscope system, without
           | needing to remove any of the existing broken gyros. It's
           | probably necessary to make some electrical connections, but I
           | guess it could even be possible for the strap-on gyros to
           | have their own power electronics if that makes things easier.
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | One key thing is that they realised how to fix the gyroscopes
       | which kept failing, with the new design gyroscopes it can keep
       | pointing, replacing those would require a crew.
        
       | jagger27 wrote:
       | We could have another dozen Hubble clones in orbit and they'd
       | still be booked solid for years. It's just such a fantastic piece
       | of kit, decades later. I see the value in servicing it, but I'd
       | be even happier to see a few Falcon Heavy launches with modern
       | versions of Hubble. In my opinion it's the least SpaceX could do
       | for the brutal damage to the night sky Starlink has done.
        
         | Maursault wrote:
         | > We could have another dozen Hubble clones in orbit
         | 
         | We probably do already, they're just pointed in the wrong
         | direction and unavailable for scheduling.
        
           | coolspot wrote:
           | They are available for scheduling, just not to astronomers.
        
         | thinkcontext wrote:
         | Has anyone ballparked what a modern Hubble would cost to build?
        
           | CommieBobDole wrote:
           | The National Reconnaissance Office gave NASA a couple of
           | unused KH-11s back in 2012, which is what Hubble is based on
           | in the first place. They're using one of them for WFIRST,
           | which is apparently expected to cost ~$4 billion, but that's
           | the whole project cost including 5 years of operations.
        
             | thinkcontext wrote:
             | Thanks. I see its also going to be in L2, that must raise
             | costs considerably.
        
       | foxyv wrote:
       | If the fairing was just a little bit longer on the Falcon 9 it
       | could easily launch another one of these. But the dang thing cost
       | $4.3 billion just to build and launch so I can see why they would
       | want to repair instead of re-build. Especially since Dragon is so
       | freaking cheap compared to the shuttle. However, outfitting
       | Dragon for EVA would be a freaking PITA considering the
       | certification process. More likely they would have to launch an
       | EVA module separately that Dragon would dock to that had the
       | necessary airlock to remove the need to depressurize Dragon.
       | 
       | I could see them designing a cheaper less dear version of Hubble
       | now that launch costs are so much lower. But repairing it
       | definitely makes a lot of sense.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | The question then becomes, how much does a portable airlock
         | weigh versus a new satellite? What's the value of the airlock
         | at the end of the mission? You're in the wrong orbit to send it
         | somewhere else, you can't carry it back attached, and if you
         | get clever and make an inflatable one to try to keep it small,
         | how do you deflate such a thing?
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > But the dang thing cost $4.3 billion just to build and launch
         | so I can see why they would want to repair instead of re-build.
         | 
         | That's OK, we've got two more like it sitting in storage.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_National_Reconnaissance_O...
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | Neat! However, I wonder if they are fit for purpose still.
        
         | _joel wrote:
         | Polaris are doing an EVA mission next year on dragon. There
         | will be mods but essentially they're tethered by an umbilical
         | and they'll depressurise the entire vessel
        
           | foxyv wrote:
           | That's awesome! Edit: So they would have existing art to work
           | off of for a Hubble mission. Neat!
        
             | _joel wrote:
             | First private citizen spacewalk!
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | thats sounds like the dragon is significantly inferiour to
           | the shittle when it comes to EVA
        
             | foxyv wrote:
             | Yes, Dragon was intended to carry people to ISS. Shuttle
             | was designed for EVA from the start.
        
               | _joel wrote:
               | Indeed, it's also not $1.5 billion per launch.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | I wonder if this is the equivalent of me having some 40 year old
       | Nikon camera lenses.
       | 
       | Lenses are still great, sharp and clear.
       | 
       | But I've updated the camera sensors, housing etc over the years -
       | all while still using the same decades old lenses.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | It took a while for me to discover that truth about DSLR (SLR)
         | lenses.
         | 
         | My attention was always on the camera and lenses weren't that
         | interesting. Turns out the lenses last and the camera bodies
         | are soon obsolete.
         | 
         | There are some exceptional they-don't-build-them-like-they-
         | used-to lenses, like the canon 50mm f1.0
         | 
         | Of course with mirrorless you can use old lenses with a spacer,
         | but now canon for instance is coming out with both r-mount and
         | tiny m-mount lenses and you can gradually buy your collection
         | over again.
         | 
         | (and there are still interesting things going on like the rf
         | 85mm f1.2 normal and now DS model)
        
           | walrus01 wrote:
           | One of the big differences, however, with modern lenses is
           | active image stabilization. Various "IS" and "VR" things in
           | Nikon and Canon and similar lenses. Very important if
           | shooting handheld and you want to take shots at slightly
           | lower ISOs with less graininess in low light conditions, and
           | for handheld videography with the same lenses.
           | 
           | The active stabilization many modern DSLR and mirrorless
           | market lenses is worth a few f-stops difference.
        
       | mabbo wrote:
       | The holy grail here is to figure out a way to not just boost it,
       | but start doing some part replacement work on Hubble.
       | 
       | There's wonky computers, gyroscopes, and likely other parts that
       | just need a swap out. Hubble is designed to let people do this.
       | The only problem is that doing it today requires a person in a
       | very bulky space suit that won't fit through the Dragon's door.
       | 
       | Perhaps a robot?
        
         | ghufran_syed wrote:
         | The polaris dawn mission is planned to use starship, and will
         | aim to do the first private EVA. And the hubble boost mission
         | would also use starship. So it's definitely a possibility!
        
           | ghufran_syed wrote:
           | although now I think about it, if starship works, they could
           | capture hubble, return it to earth, fix it and _then_
           | relaunch it
        
             | baq wrote:
             | No point coming back home to fix it; better launch a brand
             | new one as everything inside would be replaced anyway
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | > The polaris dawn mission is planned to use starship, and
           | will aim to do the first private EVA. And the hubble boost
           | mission would also use starship. So it's definitely a
           | possibility!
           | 
           | I think you're a bit confused.
           | 
           | Polaris Dawn is the 1st of 3 missions, and it will be using a
           | Crew Dragon capsule.
           | 
           | The Hubble boost mission is the 2nd mission; I suppose it's
           | possible that it could be using Starship, but there's no word
           | so far that it's likely. Currently, the 2nd mission is
           | planning on using Crew Dragon and docking to Hubble with a
           | device located in the trunk.
           | 
           | It's the 3rd mission that's planned to use Starship.
           | 
           | https://polarisprogram.com/
        
         | cma wrote:
         | Doesn't everything have to be designed differently on a space
         | robot vs an earth one due to metal cold welding together and
         | stuff? Just something I read about with the JWST gearing, maybe
         | it only matters for something out there a long time.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | > The only problem is that doing it today requires a person in
         | a very bulky space suit that won't fit through the Dragon's
         | door.
         | 
         | Perhaps you haven't been following, but Polairs Dawn (the 1st
         | Polaris mission) will be doing an EVA with a SpaceX designed
         | suit. Part of the reason the suit can fit out of the door is
         | because it's a tethered suit.
         | 
         | Assuming the tether is long enough, there's no reason in
         | principle that someone couldn't use such a suit to work on
         | Hubble.
        
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