[HN Gopher] Intel Laptop Users Should Avoid Linux 5.19.12 to Avo...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Intel Laptop Users Should Avoid Linux 5.19.12 to Avoid Damaging the
       Display
        
       Author : electricant
       Score  : 324 points
       Date   : 2022-10-05 08:57 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lore.kernel.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lore.kernel.org)
        
       | thrillgore wrote:
       | I decided on Sunday to switch my Arch kernel to latest from LTS,
       | I guess its just dumb luck it also brought Grub down and I had to
       | roll back to using the LTS kernel.
        
       | bitL wrote:
       | There is some weird bug on Intel NUC11TNK that makes displays at
       | 5k2k@60/TB4 show overlapping regions with changing "soft"
       | boundaries (like when overclocking CRT monitors that can't handle
       | the resolution) and that bug is present on all 5.5-5.19 kernels
       | I've tested. Maybe it's related to this bug?
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | _Intel GPU_ Users
       | 
       | Judging by https://community.frame.work/t/psa-dont-upgrade-to-
       | linux-ker..., it has been solved in 5.9.13 already.
       | 
       | Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2022:
       | 
       | > 5.19.13 is now released with 8 reverts for this driver,
       | hopefully that sould [sic] resolve this issue. thanks, greg k-h
       | 
       | https://lore.kernel.org/all/YzxDIXMPIWqsELmj@kroah.com/
        
         | stop50 wrote:
         | I had this error. 13 fixed it.
        
           | ronjouch wrote:
           | > _" I had this error."_
           | 
           | Does that mean you experienced the "potentially bogus panel
           | power sequencing delays, which may harm the LCD panel" ? If
           | so, was your LCD panel harmed?
        
             | stop50 wrote:
             | damaged maybe, but i have an framework were it happened, so
             | the maximum potential damage was lower.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | makeworld wrote:
             | My display was not damaged. Switched back to an older
             | kernel version and it was fine.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | Same here, updated my framework laptop, rebooted to
               | blinky screen, turned it off, did some research, loaded
               | up a livecd to revert the kernel and then updated when
               | 5.19.13 made it into arch. Thankfully just a pain in my
               | butt not a dead lcd for me.
        
               | CameronNemo wrote:
               | You have to load a livecd to use an older kernel? That is
               | pretty sad. I keep as many kernels as I like. And I can
               | easily run a command to purge all but the running and
               | next kernels.
               | 
               | As another commenter mentioned, fancy pants filesystems
               | that support snapshots simplify this situation.
        
               | nemetroid wrote:
               | Using a live image for the once-in-a-decade event that a
               | kernel doesn't boot properly isn't a huge hassle.
        
               | craftkiller wrote:
               | > fancy pants filesystems that support snapshots simplify
               | this situation.
               | 
               | This is what I used. zfsbootmenu is an EFI executable
               | with support for doing zfs rollbacks (and any other
               | arbitrary zfs command) so as long as my EFI partition is
               | left untouched, I don't need a livecd or another
               | partition or anything.
        
               | snapplebobapple wrote:
               | well, It's my laptop and Iw as playing with endeavouros
               | on it so it didn't have any fallback kernels. choosing
               | grub options isn't really a brains operation for most of
               | us, we stick with defaults.
        
               | dhruvmittal wrote:
               | I had the same experience. Updated the computer, rebooted
               | into the blinky screen. Powered off the machine & went to
               | the BTRFS snapshot created immediately before my update.
               | No damage to the screen that I'm aware of.
        
         | pooper wrote:
         | Thank you, Fedora maintainers. I think I didn't even see
         | 5.19.12. I think I got skipped directly to 13.
         | 
         | > Linux fedora 5.19.13-200.fc36.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
         | Tue Oct 4 15:42:43 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
        
       | jonp888 wrote:
       | What does he mean by:
       | 
       | > >> I definitely had no plans to backport any of that stuff, >
       | >> but I guess the automagics did it anyway. > >> Looks like
       | stable is at least missing this pile of stuff:
       | 
       | Did a half-finished feature end up in the release due to an
       | automatic merge?
        
         | cesarb wrote:
         | By "automagics" he probably means the artificial intelligence
         | bot which tries to guess which commits should be backported to
         | the "stable" (in this case, 5.19.x with x other than 0) kernel,
         | even though they have not been explicitly marked to be
         | backported. That bot has been controversial for some time, see
         | for instance the article at https://lwn.net/Articles/863505/
         | and the older articles it links to.
        
           | bentcorner wrote:
           | That's.. an interesting approach. I can understand why they
           | want to have a bot help out but personally I'd feel very wary
           | of a bot selecting commits to merge. In my completely
           | uninformed opinion it sounds like there's process
           | improvements that could be made alongside using the bot to
           | point out interesting commits that can be reviewed by a
           | human.
           | 
           | Here's an article about the machine learning bits:
           | https://lwn.net/Articles/764647/
        
       | forgotpwd16 wrote:
       | Intel drivers have been filled with issues on 5.x.x, from
       | frequent hungs to this.
        
       | 0x38B wrote:
       | I guess I got hit by this?
       | 
       | I updated my Framework's Arch install (to kernel 5.19.12) the
       | other day and the display began flickering on and off on boot up.
       | Had to get out a live USB to revert.
        
         | hyperpl wrote:
         | I thought I had a hardware issue! I only got the flickering
         | upon resume from sleep/hibernation and eventually git bisected
         | the kernel package on Arch to find that it was indeed 5.9.12...
        
       | woliveirajr wrote:
       | I remember back in 1998 when I was in a strong discussion on how
       | software couldn't damage hardware: no matter what you did, you
       | wouldn't be able to damage hardware with your bits.
       | 
       | Yes, those who said that are long gone. Me, and the few that said
       | it was doable (and did, moving those 5"1/4 floopies drive beyond
       | the heads' limits), are here, watching the news...
        
         | bewo001 wrote:
         | Well, early XFree86 had strong warnings that wrong settings
         | could result in monitor damage (which made configuring X11 even
         | more daunting). Nothing new under the sun.
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | and way back when, you could just tell a hard drive to
           | essentially destroy itself
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | 30-70h, 50-168v. Correct settings for my CRT back in the day.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | How does one read this classic style email chain? Do people use
       | an application? Or do they just become experts at reading it
       | correctly?
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | I started reading mail in the 90's with a program called "pine"
         | in the command line of a BSD machine... I find that mail easier
         | to understand than outlook. :)
         | 
         | Just a matter of getting used to, I guess.
        
           | nobleach wrote:
           | Pine and Mutt were my jam back in those days. It really did
           | depend on whether you were keen to use Pico or Vim as your
           | reading/composing tool. (Although you could pretty much use
           | whatever you wanted)
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | I still use Mutt with mbsync (isync it's the package name)
             | and msmtp. Heaven.
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | I use isync with maildir-utils (aka mu) through Emacs'
               | mu4e. With HTML mail disabled it is wonderful.
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | I use Lynx for HTML mail, it dumps the text and it shows
               | up under mutt.
        
         | RulerOf wrote:
         | Mailing list emails end up full of markup, but the people who
         | send them tend to be very consistent--always quoting previous
         | messages, always posting new text at the bottom (instead of the
         | top, which is default email client behavior these days). Email
         | apps can apply some formatting to make them easier to read,
         | too, for this same reason.
         | 
         | So while they often get overly-full of markup like these ones,
         | the markup follows a pattern that's rarely broken, and it
         | becomes very easy to follow after you've gotten through a few
         | threads.
        
         | bgro wrote:
         | I find Twitter equally as hard to read as emails like this, or
         | any group conversation in email really.
         | 
         | For both, it seems like I read messages in random order and
         | then have to guess at the general gist. There's seems like no
         | easy way to get an accurate timeline of things.
         | 
         | I think the problem is made worse when people forward (or
         | retweet) as part of a conversation. There's often forwards of
         | other email chains included as a reply with or without unique
         | new messages being added.
         | 
         | Sometimes people are left off part of the CC chain for some
         | messages, so there are gaps in the flow.
         | 
         | The problem is compounded when there are multiple email threads
         | about the same thing, often because someone replied to an old
         | version that turned into a new conversation. Or they read just
         | the first sentence in the original email and replied about that
         | in the newest follow-up in a 100 email chain.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | As an off topic side note, text chat programs are the ultimate
         | form of communication. It has the fewest flaws of all mediums.
         | It's linear in a single timeline that everybody has (and has
         | the history to). It's pretty hard to mess up the history of
         | what happened or who said what.
         | 
         | I enjoy it when people get frustrated about text chat. It's
         | almost always because they can't dominate the conversation by
         | talking over people or "win by talking loudest" which makes
         | them frustrated and uncomfortable.
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | > For both, it seems like I read messages in random order and
           | then have to guess at the general gist
           | 
           | I don't use Twitter so I don't know what it does, but if you
           | look at the email, the oldest posts are quoted first, so you
           | just read the message top to bottom like anything else.
           | 
           | And if that's too confusing, there are links to every message
           | in the thread at the bottom.
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | Scroll down and you'll see the thread - navigate the tree as
         | you wish.
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | You're looking at one message with quoted messages so the
         | oldest messages are those with the highest level of '>' so
         | usually start there for some context to where things started
         | and work out.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | They are very comfortable to read with email software like
         | Mutt, when you're actually on the mailing list (and are auto-
         | sorting the list mails into a dedicated folder). There are
         | keyboard shortcuts to jump to the next message in a thread, or
         | to the next unread message, to collapse/expand (sub)threads,
         | and you get a nice tree view of the threaded messages,
         | displaying the subject line only on messages where the subject
         | changes; the pager can be set to automatically jump to the
         | first unquoted part of a message, and so on. On par with Usenet
         | TUI clients, it's the most efficient discussion medium I known
         | of.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | How do you mean? There are links to the full thread at the
         | bottom of the page.
         | 
         | If you're talking about the quoting, the ">" marks denote one
         | level of quoting, so the more ">" marks in a line, the older
         | the message. As long no unwashed heathen has top-posted their
         | reply, then you can just read the message top to bottom in
         | chronological order.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Is there a layman's explanation for what is happening here?
       | 
       | It talks about power and general speaking I would have thought
       | that outside extreme cases most electronics just draw the amount
       | of power they need but not more. Can a kernel determine this
       | somehow?
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | What you call "power" is in fact two different things: voltage
         | (measured in volts) and current (measured in amperes). Voltage
         | is, essentially, how much each individual electron "wants" to
         | move, while current is how many electrons flow.
         | 
         | Electronic circuits will only let a certain amount of electrons
         | flow. If the power supply has way more electrons "available"
         | than necessary, that's no problem, you only encounter problems
         | if the power supply can't keep up.
         | 
         | However, electronic circuits are built to run at a particular
         | voltage. If the electrons "want" to move too much, they may
         | jump across gaps in unintended ways and generally cause havoc.
         | 
         | So in short: A power supply can't damage electronics by
         | providing too high current, but it can damage electronics by
         | providing too high voltage.
         | 
         | I don't know if that's what's happening here, I haven't read
         | about the actual bug, but that's a basic primer on how it's
         | possible to damage electronics even though they only draw the
         | amount of current they need. And software is often involved in
         | setting the voltages which are being supplied to certain
         | components.
        
           | megous wrote:
           | Power supplies don't supply electrons. Amount of electrons in
           | the circuit is pretty much static and it's just a property of
           | matter itself. If there is to be electric current (or better
           | said a transmission of power), (free) electrons must already
           | be present in the whole circuit. Power supplies just supply
           | power via various mechanisms and this power is distributed in
           | the circuit using electric fields without electrons moving
           | much at all.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | If we're talking about DC, power supplies absolutely make
             | electrons move; the amount of electrons in the circuit is
             | constant, but the system does work because electrons move
             | from one end to the other. Now these electrons aren't
             | moving _fast_ , but they are moving.
             | 
             | At least that's a prevalent and very useful picture of how
             | electricity works, and what's being taught in university
             | courses. It's probably a good enough explanation to answer
             | "why can too much power destroy electronics if electronics
             | control how much current they draw".
        
               | megous wrote:
               | The movement of electrons is almost irrelevant to the
               | functioning of the circuit or transfer of power, and is
               | only thought maybe in the first electronics lesson and
               | then never again. (at least that's how it was when I
               | studied EE school) And it has not much to do with the
               | electrical current. (certainly not in the way most non-EE
               | educated people would imagine it as individual electrons
               | moving around carrying energy from palce to place)
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | > An electric current is a stream of charged particles,
               | such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical
               | conductor or space.
               | 
               | From Wikipedia, sourced from The art of electronics.
               | 
               | Do you have a link to an explanation of what current is
               | which makes the movement of charged particles almost
               | irrelevant? If it turns out I (and Wikipedia, and all
               | material I've seen on the topic) is wrong, I'd certainly
               | love to know. I'm just interested in this stuff; I have
               | only taken introductory courses at university and learned
               | on a hobby basis, I haven't taken advanced courses.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | I said it's irrelevant _to transfer of power_. (I guess I
               | kinda overstepped with it being irrelevant to electrical
               | current, yes :))
               | 
               | And power is what destroys things, mostly, by over
               | heating them and transforming them into a different shape
               | that no longer functions as expected.
               | 
               | > Do you have a link to an explanation of what current is
               | which makes the movement of charged particles almost
               | irrelevant?
               | 
               | Not really, but consider when was this slow drift (~3
               | mm/s) of electrons ever of interest/topic in your
               | education, instead of much faster changes in charge
               | distribution on the surfaces of conductors caused by (or
               | creating) electrical fields?
               | 
               | 3 mm/s is extremely slow, you'd very much notice if any
               | phenomenon you routinely worked with in EE courses was
               | this slow.
        
         | dyingkneepad wrote:
         | The eDP spec specifies a set of timings that should be waited
         | on in between certain actions. There is a minimum timing
         | between power cycling the panel, between powering-on and
         | sending auxiliary messages, between setting modes, etc. Those
         | timings are read from the a BIOS table called the VBT (among
         | other conflicting sources sometimes), and the patch in question
         | reworks VBT code.
         | 
         | In practice not respecting these timings is kinda like toggling
         | your ceiling lights on/off repeatedly. I bet your parents used
         | to tell you the house could be set on fire if you did that, but
         | you did it anyway and nothing ever happened. I think it's
         | unlikely somebody will actually be able to damage their panels
         | with that bug. But hey I'm pulling this guess out of my ass so
         | don't quote me on that. But that can result in the panel
         | failing to turn on and giving you a black or flickering screen.
         | 
         | In fact, at least a few years ago when I looked at this, the
         | Intel driver was very conservative regarding those numbers
         | because a long time ago in a galaxy far away the VBT values for
         | some laptop models were bogus, so as a result nearly everybody
         | had timeouts longer than what they needed to. There's a chance
         | that even with a bogus VBT you're waiting more than you should
         | for your panel. But that doesn't really affect real people very
         | much, it's only really a significant problem if you're testing
         | Display code and doing thousands of modesets per minute. Unless
         | you're getting black screens, of course.
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | Not sure what is the case here. But I can say something:
         | current electronics are getting ridiculously complicated in
         | what power supply concerns.
         | 
         | The project I'm working now, and the last I was, we had in a
         | 4x4 inch board more than 10 voltages (1.0v 1.1v 1.3v 1.6v 3.3v
         | 4v 5v 6v and I do not know what more) , all generated by micro
         | controller configured power supply circuits. Those 10 voltages
         | had to follow a very specific sequence, failing to follow it,
         | could in worst case, damage the whole board. Basic explanation:
         | if circuit part B is powered before part A, power flows
         | "backwards" to A, melting it.
         | 
         | In addition, an error in the configuration of the supply ASICs
         | would also lead to too high voltages. That is, the output
         | voltage was configured in one register.
         | 
         | I think something along the lines is going on here.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Man no protections at all... yikes.
        
           | megous wrote:
           | Sounds like any smartphone.
        
       | pipeline_peak wrote:
       | Year of the Linux desktop, everybody should use Linux....just not
       | one of those rare iterations where it umm permanently screws up
       | your display.
        
         | Mikeb85 wrote:
         | There's been bugs like this in Windows and MacOS too. But
         | they'll just blame the hardware vendor and it'll get
         | warrantied...
         | 
         | Also spend some time reading product forums. Windows and MacOS
         | have plenty of bugs...
         | 
         | Anyhow, a quick google search yields stuff like this:
         | https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/fix-windows-10-screen-flashing...
        
       | deeblering4 wrote:
       | 2022 the year if linux on the... oh nevermind
        
       | osmarks wrote:
       | Does it actually "damage" the display or just make it not work
       | while 5.19.12 is loaded?
        
         | dmm wrote:
         | That it can damage the display is currently a hypothetical
         | scenario. I don't think anyone has reported a broken panel. One
         | of the i915 devs on the stable mailing list said:
         | 
         | > After looking at some logs we do end up with potentially
         | bogus panel power sequencing delays, which may harm the LCD
         | panel.
         | 
         | My framework laptop was affected by this. When I booted 5.19.12
         | my display was flickering like crazy. Rebooting with 5.19.11
         | corrected it. 6.0 is also fine.
         | 
         | [0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/YzwooNdMECzuI5+h@intel.com/
        
         | Sphax wrote:
         | I booted both of my Framework laptops on 5.19.12 and it didn't
         | break anything. I could type my LUKS password and still get
         | into gdm fine. I still reverted back to 5.19.11 though.
        
         | dooglius wrote:
         | From TFA:
         | 
         | > After looking at some logs we do end up with potentially
         | bogus panel power sequencing delays, which may harm the LCD
         | panel.
         | 
         | So sounds like it can cause some out of spec stuff at the
         | analog level, which could plausibly result in damage, but also
         | probably dependant on exactly what bogus values are sent in a
         | particular case and how resilient a particular LCD is.
        
         | GTP wrote:
         | Well, I've got a Lenovo with an integrated Intel GPU and a
         | discrete AMD one. I'm on 5.19.12 and I didn't notice anything,
         | but still I can't conclude that maybe there isn't something
         | wrong going on during boot that could cause damage. I'll look
         | now for updates.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | "Potentially" and "may" harm the actual display.
         | 
         | > After looking at some logs we do end up with potentially
         | bogus panel power sequencing delays, which may harm the LCD
         | panel.
         | 
         | https://lore.kernel.org/all/YzwooNdMECzuI5+h@intel.com/
        
         | y04nn wrote:
         | No luck, I'm running 5.19.12, noticed flicker that looked like
         | a bad LVDS cable. but it was wired because it happened while
         | the laptop was not being moved. I would have not thought of a
         | software issue as it was affecting the whole display. But most
         | of the time the flicker would disappear, the display doesn't
         | look to be damaged, as I ca use it normally when it's not
         | flickering. Hopefully the revert will make the flicker
         | disappear.
        
       | mrmckizzle wrote:
       | https://xkcd.com/1328/
        
       | KerrickStaley wrote:
       | FYI if you're running Arch Linux, Linux 5.19.13 has already been
       | released into [core] so you should be OK, assuming that your
       | mirror is up-to-date and you've run pacman -Syu recently.
       | https://archlinux.org/packages/core/x86_64/linux/
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | Alternatively, if you use linux-lts then you never got this in
         | the first place (which is an _excellent_ example of why
         | https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_maintenance#Install_...
         | suggests it).
        
           | throitallaway wrote:
           | I moved to linux-lts after 5.19 started inexplicably making
           | my X1 nano unusable after a few minutes of uptime. Load
           | creeps higher and higher until you can't do anything at all.
           | Couldn't find anything in the logs.
        
       | ho_schi wrote:
       | If I'm right the venerable ThinkPad X220 (T420 and so on) with
       | Sandy Bridge (Intel HD3000) does use LVDS instead of eDP. And
       | only some generations later Intel supported PSR with eDP. So it
       | is safe?
        
       | sirwitti wrote:
       | Me: Furiously typing uname -a into terminal.
       | 
       | Me: "Crap, I got 5.19 running"
       | 
       | Also me: "Calm down, it's only 5.19.13"
       | 
       | Rollercoaster of emotions :)
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | According to my package history, I got 5.19.12 installed for
         | around 1.5 days. Would that have been enough to damage my
         | professionnal laptop? I don't know, I didn't spot any issue
         | with the screen.
        
           | asddubs wrote:
           | if a laptop screen gets damaged in the woods, and no one can
           | tell the difference, is it even damaged?
        
       | capitainenemo wrote:
       | One of the first chromebooks would melt and burn if you fired up
       | alsamixer and tried toggling a few of the toggles. I encountered
       | this myself fiddling with the audio settings and ended up with
       | magic smoke and melting plastic before I quickly powered it off.
       | 
       | https://marcin.juszkiewicz.com.pl/2012/12/10/how-to-fry-spea...
       | https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.linux.advocacy/c/QslNrtx...
       | 
       | (note it doesn't actually require installing another distro -
       | alsamixer was available in the base chromeos install)
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | > Is this howto useful? I think it is. Cause if you have device
         | broken in some way and you want to get it replaced you can just
         | run it and hope for replacement instead of repair.
         | 
         | Not nice.
        
         | MichaelCollins wrote:
         | I wonder if something like this is what happened to my 2013
         | chromebook pixel. About a month after the warranty ran out, the
         | audio quality from the left speaker rapidly degraded to
         | distorted crap over the course of a few days, then stopped
         | forever. Shortly later the same thing happen to the right
         | speaker, and that computer never made a sound again.
         | 
         | Tbh I'm still pretty salty about it.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Not an expert but that sounds like the voice coils
           | overheated. In theory the drivers should prevent you from
           | doing this, but in practice insufficient prevention measures
           | in drivers/DSP combined with running too close to the sun
           | seems to have made it possible to easily do this on some
           | laptops, hence DELL voiding their warranty for people who
           | turn the volume too high in VLC.[1]
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.dell.com/community/Laptops-Wiki/How-Using-
           | the-VL...
        
             | xani_ wrote:
             | Sooo they put too weak drivers/too strong amplifier and are
             | trying to blame users on it ?
        
               | blarghyblarg wrote:
               | Sounds like they were letting very low frequencies
               | through to the speakers and/or accidentally producing DC.
               | 
               | I only read the one thread on this, so I'm guessing a lot
               | here, but it sounds like you could patch the <100hz
               | frequency problem in hardware for like $0.50 with a high
               | pass filter soldered in at the speaker?
               | 
               | That thread is a little hard to read, so I don't know if
               | there really is a dc problem. That's a little harder to
               | fix in the speaker cavity.
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | A high pass filter is essentially a RC filter in which
               | the resistor part can be the speaker coil, so one only
               | needs two capacitors, one per channel, which would cost a
               | lot less than $0.50 in small quantities (example: Vishay
               | ZSC00BM2211AARL, 220 uF - 10Vdc: EUR0.14100 in 10
               | quantity at tme.eu, a lot less in 100 or 500 qty). The
               | problem however is either the amplifier ic which is too
               | powerful, or the speaker itself being too weak to sustain
               | its power. That would be bad design though; one should
               | never assume the signal won't contain certain
               | frequencies; it's good practice to pick a speaker that
               | can sustain at least twice the maximum amplifier power
               | indefinitely, and even more during peaks, regardless of
               | what frequencies are reproduced.
        
               | LeifCarrotson wrote:
               | Yes, you could. A high-pass filter that is able to drive
               | a laptop voice coil down to 100 Hz would probably cost
               | about that much, which is 50x more than the motherboard
               | manufacturer wants to spend.
               | 
               | A high-pass filter in the DSP/driver software is _free_ ,
               | sell a million Chromebooks and that's $500k of pure
               | profit from cutting costs. Unless you account for
               | warranty recalls due to buggy drivers, in which case a
               | 0.1% failure rate is enough to make this a bad idea.
        
             | dTal wrote:
             | Anything you can do with VLC's volume control can be done
             | in the audio file itself - it doesn't touch the hardware at
             | all. This is just dodging responsibility for defective
             | design.
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | It's true, though frankly most audio files are not
               | distorted to shit, whereas it probably needs to be in
               | order to actually do this. Still, I really think it's on
               | them to protect their hardware. Ideally _in_ hardware,
               | but if they can 't even do it in their own drivers it's
               | pretty pathetic.
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | Wow that Google group thread is really something else. So many
         | of those people really need to take a break from having Linux
         | be part of their personality.
        
       | gambiting wrote:
       | Ha, reminds me of a myth from 20+ years ago, that there was a
       | virus that could damage your CRT display by requesting the
       | monitor to refresh at 1000Hz or something stupid, which would
       | damage at least some monitors without the proper safeguards. No
       | idea if that was real though.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | I recall, back in the day, we had video cards on the Amiga with
         | a passthrough port.
         | 
         | The Amiga could output stock NTSC/Pal and some close variants,
         | and many monitors existed which could handle that lower scan
         | frequency (15khz), as well as higher res output with Picasso
         | cards.
         | 
         | https://bigbookofamigahardware.com/bboah/product.aspx?id=466
         | 
         | Anyhow, we always tested new monitors before selling them.
         | Monitors which could handle 15khz and higher frequencies too,
         | were expensive and rare.
         | 
         | Often customers would plug in a cheaper, standard PC monitor,
         | and so we wanted to offer those too.
         | 
         | We plugged in one such, and when the switch came to 15khz? It
         | _exploded_. Like, the magic grey smoke escaped, along with
         | flames and melting plastic.
         | 
         | Every other monitor brand we tested just went blank screen, or
         | reported "out of sync" on the display.
         | 
         | In as customers might accidentally leave passthrough on/setup,
         | we figured selling this monitor to them to be a mistake.
         | 
         | So if it can happen with too low of a frequncy, surely crappy
         | monitors also exist which blow when too high a frequency is
         | passed.
         | 
         | But that's just terrible, crappy hardware.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | It's very common in a range of hardware throughout the years:
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_poke
         | 
         | Also not mentioned there but on the MSX 1 you could 'burn out"
         | the tape drive relay by switching it on and off very fast.
        
         | f1shy wrote:
         | I heard about a million times that, and that you could also
         | destroy the hard drive by reading the first and last track many
         | times in secession.
         | 
         | If at all truth, it was in very specific HW (I was in touch
         | with really, really, really big amounts of people in the
         | industry and HW, and have never first hand heard of that
         | happening).
        
         | amiga-workbench wrote:
         | You could overdrive the CRT on the Commodore PET with a poke to
         | a particular register. On some models it would cause damage, on
         | other models it would cause faster screen draws.
        
         | flyinghamster wrote:
         | One I remember from way back was that the XT-era Hercules
         | monochrome adapter allowed the refresh rate to be set to zero,
         | causing the monitor to emit its magic smoke. I'm not sure it
         | was weaponized, though.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | Those of us who've calculated our own modelines are familiar
         | with that caution. It was part of the documentation of standard
         | tools at the time, though I've never personally encountered a
         | damaged display or knew of anyone else who had. Though one
         | turns up in this thread:
         | <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33093385>
         | 
         | A typical modeline calculator warning:
         | 
         |  _It is also important to say that some seemingly reasonable
         | modelines can damage monitors, so this method of hand-crafting
         | monitor descriptions includes a certain amount of risk._
         | 
         | <https://arachnoid.com/modelines/>
         | 
         | My understanding is that monitors and/or graphics cards/drivers
         | would reject potentially harmful configurations.
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | One of my recent projects was to get my PC to output 480i
           | signals to my recently acquired Trinitron TV for running
           | modern and historical games on a CRT TV (I'd definitely be
           | better served by a monitor, but I didn't have one and still
           | don't :( ). I learned many interesting but otherwise-
           | irrelevant bits of trivia from this experience:
           | 
           | - A modeline used to output 480i SDTV-compatible signals (525
           | scanlines) from a PC, differs from the same resolution's
           | modeline under Coordinated Video Timings (arachnoid.com
           | generates a 516-line modeline for 480i, and Linux's cvt tool
           | doesn't document its interlacing flag because interlacing is
           | not part of VGA or something).
           | 
           | - DVI and HDMI signals are effectively continuous signals
           | with CRT-like timings, translated into digital signals
           | (discrete-time at your GPU's configured dot clock, and
           | quantized) and encoded using TMDS with special pixel values
           | on the blue channel (outside of the 0-255 range) for hblank
           | and vblank. Whereas DP signals are packetized in some manner
           | I haven't researched.
           | 
           | - One common way to output 480i is through HDMI-to-component
           | converters. But 480i has a _too low_ pixel clock below the
           | HDMI spec 's minimum timing, and many GPUs cannot put out
           | such a slow signal or converters cannot understand it. (I
           | wonder how DP-to-component would fare, given it's packet-
           | based and might not suffer from a minimum dot clock readable
           | by the receiver chip.) A common workaround recommended by the
           | developers "CRT Emudriver" (AMD GPU drivers modded by in-
           | place binary patching) is to set a 2560x240p or 480i "super
           | resolution", then configure emulators and games to output
           | stretched signals. Unfortunately, neither non-RetroArch games
           | nor Windows's CRT Emudriver cannot rescale their image to
           | non-square pixels and their 1440x480 images were squashed to
           | a 4:3 aspect ratio, so I had to switch to Linux and xrandr
           | for square images.
           | 
           | - I had to pick 1440x480i because otherwise the vblank pulses
           | generated by my AliExpress HDMI-to-component converter were
           | insufficiently staggered between interlaced and non-
           | interlaced scanlines. Since I don't have an oscilloscope, I
           | diagnosed this by piping the sync-on-green composite signal
           | into my motherboard's 192khz line-in capture, then recording
           | in Audacity and comparing to correct NTSC timings (the
           | vertical serrations should be evenly spaced and they
           | weren't).
           | 
           | - The Linux amdgpu driver is well capable of outputting a
           | 1440x240p resolution (there are many NTSC modelines, with
           | varying undesirable horizontal offsets and stretching, and
           | vertical offsets), and xrandr is an excellent way to scale a
           | 1280x960 framebuffer to 1440x240 or such (which is scaled
           | back to square aspect ratio on-screen). Unfortunately Linux
           | amdgpu's dc driver for its display controller (compatible
           | with atomic modesetting) has missing support for interlacing,
           | the easiest workaround being to pass `amdgpu.dc=0` to the
           | Linux kernel command line (this disables atomic modesetting,
           | switches to the legacy display controller driver, breaks HDMI
           | audio, and makes the mouse cursor unaffected by Redshift so
           | Plasma's text cursor becomes practically invisible on white
           | text fields).
           | 
           | - - I debugged this extensively at
           | https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/amd/-/issues/1636, but
           | failed to solve the problem. If I hack the driver to force
           | interlacing on (not realizing I needed interleaving as well),
           | the resulting analog signal repeats the first scanline
           | hundreds of times followed by a birth-defect serration pulse,
           | which I would be unsurprised if it would physically destroy
           | some CRTs. I recorded a video (epilepsy warning) at
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoQ9q1lwKHI.
           | 
           | - - Antonio Giner claims to have a fix for interlacing in
           | amdgpu.dc=1 mode, for his GroovyArcade arcade CRT
           | distribution, but it's not upstreamed, it doesn't currently
           | work on my GPU, and I never did get around to porting it to
           | my older RX 570, finding the correct modeline, and testing
           | that it works. Turns out modern games like Stray aren't
           | optimized for interlaced displays (vsync caused horrendous
           | input lag) or 480-line-tall screens (HUD elements and jump
           | prompts are too small to see), who would've known! I do think
           | Celeste would work fairly well in 240p mode, but I haven't
           | gotten around to testing that either (in either amdgpu.dc=0
           | or porting my patch).
           | 
           | - Compensating for CRT television overscan (since modern
           | games like Stray draw HUD elements like jump prompts right on
           | the edge of the screen) is a nightmare. On amdgpu, xrandr's
           | underscan option can only take off <=128 pixels evenly split
           | between the left and right, or the top and bottom. Worse yet,
           | the display controller outputs eg. 1340x460 of non-black
           | image, by downscaling (in hardware?) a _second_ time from the
           | 1440x480 framebuffer downscaled in software from 1280x960,
           | creating unnecessary vertical blur.
           | 
           | - - Since I don't know how to perform both downscaling steps
           | in hardware with unmodified amdgpu drivers (like a non-
           | square-pixel VSR), I opted to perform both downscaling steps
           | in software, by writing a shell script to kill plasmashell
           | and open a full-screen mpv showing a black .png file on a
           | 1440x1030 framebuffer, then use KWin rules to overlay a
           | 1280x960 borderless window of Stray at a precise position
           | over mpv (with black mpv borders on all 4 sides), use xrandr
           | to downscale 1440x1030 to 1440x480i, then kill mpv once Stray
           | exits. It's a terrible setup and I wish there was a better
           | way. But CRTs and overscan is dead, interlacing is dead,
           | 640x480 is dead, and only a fool or experimenter (or someone
           | with complex-trauma depression seeking comfort in nostalgia
           | and cats) would try hooking up modern computers and games to
           | triply-dead CRT SDTVs and expecting them to work.
        
           | dbttdft wrote:
           | Before "multiscan"/"multisync" CRTs, there were fixed mode
           | CRTs which would break in one way or the other if the
           | incoming signal had the wrong timings.
           | 
           | > My understanding is that monitors and/or graphics
           | cards/drivers would reject potentially harmful
           | configurations.
           | 
           | It's done in the monitor.
        
             | blarghyblarg wrote:
             | yep, 13 year old me had one of these around the first time
             | I was using X. Way back when you had to write your config
             | files by hand.
             | 
             | One little oopsie, and that monitor had a line through it
             | for the rest of its life.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | In a poorly constructed CRT you can definitely damage the drive
         | circuits by an excessively high line rate. That's basically the
         | reason why CRTs tend to include "out of range" warnings and
         | shutdowns. You could, I think at least theoretically, also
         | cause damage by incorrect blanking, because line rate +
         | blanking determines the drive waveform for the LOPT.
        
         | mirekrusin wrote:
         | Yes, it was real, the same with moving hard drive head outside
         | of the disk so it falls off.
        
         | darkr wrote:
         | No idea if there was a virus doing this, but it was definitely
         | possible to permanently damage at least some CRTs by setting
         | refresh rate too high
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > reminds me of a myth from 20+ years ago
         | 
         | > No idea if that was real though
         | 
         | Chose one :) You can't state it was a myth and then later say
         | you don't know!
         | 
         | I've heard the same thing about older CRT monitors and remember
         | reading about people damaging their CRT monitors by careless
         | programming in regards to refresh rates. But I haven't actually
         | seen in real life, and I must have read about this in the early
         | 90s or something like that I think, so long time ago.
        
           | omnibrain wrote:
           | I heard this in regarding to Linux and X, back in the 90ies.
           | That scared me away from Linux for quite some time. I felt
           | confident, that I could fix any "software damage" to the
           | family PC running Windows, but I did not want to risk
           | hardware damage.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | Well I mean it was in the category of "you can catch mew in
           | Pokemon Yellow if you get to the truck behind the ship"-myth.
           | People have said it, I read about it online in the "early
           | days" but I've never seen it happen to anyone.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | What I'm reading is that Mew was "handed out" in magazines
             | and events, although this article does mention a method of
             | getting it, probably involves RNG manipulation and bit
             | flippery: https://www.ign.com/wikis/pokemon-red-blue-
             | yellow-version/Me...
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | Yes, "back in the day" you could only get it through
               | official distribution, or hack it in with a gameshark
               | code. There _was_ a truck behind the SS Anne that you
               | could get to(you had to get the HM move from the boss,
               | then faint - that would put you in the nearest
               | pokecentre, so you could continue until you found HM
               | Swim, then you could go back to the ship since it never
               | departed, and swim behind it - and yep, there was a
               | truck) - but that truck did nothing, it was just set
               | decoration.
               | 
               | The RNG method to encounter Mew in the wild was only
               | discovered years and years later and most definitely
               | wasn't known 20 years ago.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm in the same camp :) Heard/read about it, never
             | seen it myself.
             | 
             | However, I have seen people having Mew back when I played
             | some Gameboy myself, that one is _not_ a myth :)
        
           | radarsat1 wrote:
           | > You can't state it was a myth and then later say you don't
           | know!
           | 
           | The word myth generally has two meanings. One is that it's a
           | false belief. The other is that it's a legendary story of
           | which the truth is not known. GP obviously intended the
           | latter definition.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | I was not aware of this, so thank you for clarifying it for
             | me.
        
       | protoman3000 wrote:
       | I remember seeing somewhere that in the beginning of Linux on the
       | Nintendo Switch that people destroyed their displays by raising
       | the brightness bar too high.
       | 
       | How come these things are not secured against at the LCD
       | controller side? Why would a general purpose controller be
       | designed to accept e.g. too high voltage levels?
        
         | ablob wrote:
         | If its about hardware security measures it may be its spatial
         | cost. Having each circuit / subcircuit bring its own safety is
         | certainly gonna be subobtimal when optimizing for size.
         | 
         | On the software side I reckon the driving circuit is the
         | deciding factor, which a vendor (of displays) can't control.
        
         | MisterTea wrote:
         | > Why would a general purpose controller be designed to accept
         | e.g. too high voltage levels?
         | 
         | Pragmatic design decisions. My bet is they decided that adding
         | voltage regulation was unnecessary since they can limit it via
         | software which they have control. Adding voltage regulation
         | would increase the component count which takes up board space
         | and lengthens the BOM (bill of materials.)
        
         | pas wrote:
         | because the whole industry [and by extension the whole world]
         | is built on a throne of lies, shit, pain, and weapons-grade
         | idiocy.
         | 
         | there's absolutely no safety mindset for anything behind the
         | cover.
         | 
         | if it's industrial, just put a big sticker on it, write
         | something about it in the mandatory occupational hazards
         | training kit, maaaaaaaybe consider adding a fence, but it's
         | fine anyway.
         | 
         | if it's consumer stuff? well, as long as kids won't choke on
         | it, it's A-OK. especially if it comes to electronics. just
         | write in the user's guide that always disconnect it from the
         | mains when not in use, if used improperly that's on you, and
         | don't ever think about opening it. that only for professionals
         | who are trained in the dark arts of handling this exact piece
         | of immanetized hell-forged eschaton housed in a convenient
         | beige plastic.
         | 
         | adding a voltage limiter between the LCD panel and the input
         | would cost money. designing it would cost money. adding an
         | analog limiter on the regulator would cost money (plus setting
         | it mechanically is very expensive compared to flashing on some
         | firmware), compartmentalizing the software - by having a
         | segment that's set at assembly that contains the physical
         | properties of connected parts, which communicates the
         | operational limits, and the other segment which can be set via
         | software - would also cost a lot of money.
        
           | protoman3000 wrote:
           | > built on a throne of lies, shit, pain, and weapons-grade
           | idiocy
           | 
           | Obligatory xkcd post
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/2030/
        
             | uwagar wrote:
        
               | kortex wrote:
               | You do realize every single virus, many bacteria, and
               | some other germs, are literally injecting
               | molecular/genetic payloads into your body to hijack your
               | body's protein machinery, and your immune system updates
               | itself in response?
               | 
               | mRNA vaccines just cut out the middle man^w bug.
        
               | uwagar wrote:
               | when the mrna platform is established, people that
               | control the platform may inject payloads that provide
               | them their desired consequences. this is not the same as
               | 'blind' nature injecting things into you.
        
               | kortex wrote:
               | Oh yeah, I'd _totally_ rather have blind, chaotic, messy
               | nature inject me, vs a scientifically engineered and
               | highly tested product with a scope even smaller than
               | conventional vaccines.
               | 
               | Blind Mother Nature would _never_ hurt me! (hides list of
               | the most potently toxic compounds on the planet under a
               | carpet... tetrodotoxin, botulinum, ricin...)
        
               | uwagar wrote:
               | i was not advocating that nature is good, im just warning
               | u about the for profit, just-in-time, hand-in-glove
               | regulatory, first to market, fix bugs in future updates
               | (aka boosters) software like cures for your biological
               | problems.
        
               | jtc331 wrote:
               | Injecting mRNA into human cells is exactly the kind of
               | brilliant hack you'd expect software engineers to come up
               | with (and those same engineers would of course brush
               | aside any concerns about unintended consequences in
               | complex systems.)
        
               | hoseja wrote:
               | I was hoping in a couple years there would be proper
               | studies about those potential consequences but honestly I
               | can't make myself trust they won't be suppressed at this
               | point. So I can only hope there won't be any severe ones.
        
               | uwagar wrote:
               | exactly and those are the same software engineers
               | naysaying the voting system.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | Are you allowed to make that joke anymore in 2022?
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | marcinzm wrote:
           | The risk of my home catching on fire each year due to any
           | electrical issue is 0.04%. The risk of me dying or being
           | injured due to such an issue is 0.00004%. That includes not
           | just home electronics but every possible wiring and
           | electrical insanity.
           | 
           | For comparison, my risk of getting into a car accident is
           | north of 1% and the risk of dying in a car accident is around
           | 0.02%.
           | 
           | So in other words compared to all the other risks out there
           | home electronics are very safe.
        
             | pennaMan wrote:
             | I would like to know where you got the hat you are pulling
             | those numbers out of
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | You're free to Google the numbers yourself or provide
               | your own rather than starting with insults. For the
               | record the fire numbers are roughly the same between the
               | ESFI, NFPA and FEMA.
        
             | dbttdft wrote:
             | They're still broken. Not an argument.
        
               | tacker2000 wrote:
               | Who defines broken? Thats a feature, not a bug.
        
               | nixpulvis wrote:
               | See that's a "feature" though. Now you need to buy
               | another device.
               | 
               | There's not as large of an incentive for product
               | durability and repairability today as there was or should
               | be.
        
             | sicp-enjoyer wrote:
             | > getting into a car accident is north of 1%
             | 
             | 1% of what?
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | Of the trips you'll have.
               | 
               | Or "one in a hundred".
               | 
               | It means that in out of a hundred trips, it's pretty
               | certain one will involve an accident.
        
               | 8jef wrote:
               | If you're a mediocre to average inexperienced driver,
               | think one in ten. Well trained and experienced drivers
               | don't crash.
               | 
               | Two rules for anyone reading: [1]: never, ever, be in the
               | way of anyone - don't ever be an obstacle to traffic
               | flow; [2]: if you abide to [1], consider you're the only
               | sain person on the road who really knows how to drive,
               | all others don't - everyone around is a danger to you, so
               | be hyper vigilant, always.
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | Solid advice, which has gotten me out of more than one
               | right spot.
               | 
               | In general, be polite and out of the way (both on the
               | road and in life), and you'll avoid most scratches and
               | crashes.
               | 
               | And presuming everyone (else) is probably nuts doesn't
               | hurt either :)
        
               | kleinsch wrote:
               | Which is completely fabricated. Quick Google search has
               | 1/366 for every 1000 miles you drive.
               | 
               | https://ehlinelaw.com/blog/odds-of-being-injured-car-
               | acciden...
        
               | z2h-a6n wrote:
               | Note: marcinzim was referring to the probability of
               | "getting into an accident". It's not clear what the law
               | firm you link is referring to since their source doesn't
               | cite their sources properly, but it looks like they might
               | have been referring to the probability of being injured
               | in a car accident. Even so, I'm not sure where they get
               | their numbers or exactly what the numbers are supposed to
               | refer to. See the sibling comments for some references to
               | statistics that are very different from those that the
               | law firm seems to have gotten from an insurance company.
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | Are you sure? If I drive once a day, to and from a single
               | place, that suggests I'm involved in (365*2/100)= 7 car
               | accidents a year. That seems high, no?
               | 
               | Per a quick glance at NHTSA's summary figures [1] I
               | wonder if the previous poster is referring to the "1000
               | injured per 100,000 drivers" figure. Which divides out to
               | 1% I guess, a little more in past years. But that's a
               | little awkward to express in plain language, in that one
               | wreck can injure lots of people, and people can get
               | injured who are not drivers (drivers comprise around half
               | of the injuries, it looks like, from higher up in the
               | table).
               | 
               | Although the total number of crashes (including the large
               | majority that don't involve injuries) still looks pretty
               | wild as a proportion of licensed drivers. If I were
               | trying to raise concern about cars, I'd point to that
               | ratio of 1 collision (of any sort) for every 43 licensed
               | drivers every year.
               | 
               | [1] https://cdan.nhtsa.gov/tsftables/National%20Statistic
               | s.pdf
        
               | z2h-a6n wrote:
               | > Are you sure? If I drive once a day, to and from a
               | single place, that suggests I'm involved in (365*2/100)=
               | 7 car accidents a year. That seems high, no?
               | 
               | That's partially because MonkeyClub didn't do the math
               | correctly. If the accident rate is really 1% of trips
               | (which seems doubtful), there is a 99% chance of an
               | accident free trip, a (99%)^N chance of N accident free
               | trips, and a 1 - (99%)^N chance of one or more accidents
               | occurring in N trips. For N = 100, this is 63%, and for N
               | = 365*2 this is 99.9%.
               | 
               | As you mention, the data from the NHTSA seem to indicate
               | a much lower accident/injury rate. Based on this data
               | from the NHTSA [0], and going back to 2018 to avoid any
               | pandemic-related effects on the statistics, it looks like
               | there was on average only 1 (police-reported) crash per
               | 481 thousand vehicle-miles, or one crash involving an
               | injury or fatality per 1.7 million vehicle-miles.
               | 
               | [0] https://cdan.nhtsa.gov/tsftables/National%20Statistic
               | s.pdf, other formats and more data available here:
               | https://cdan.nhtsa.gov/tsftables/tsfar.htm
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | > That's partially because MonkeyClub didn't do the math
               | correctly.
               | 
               | Or at all, since it's just how possibilities work. I
               | wasn't calculating the annual possibility.
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | > Are you sure?
               | 
               | Yep, totally.
               | 
               | Remember the counter resets with every ride: it's the
               | first of the hundred, with 1% possibility of (any) car
               | accident.
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | Assuming each collision involves two parties, 1 in 43
               | means about 1 in 21 people are driving during a collision
               | each year.
               | 
               | That seems about right. It's one (probably minor) car
               | accident per driver every 20 years.
        
             | MonkeyClub wrote:
             | What is more, these are all things that would befall _you_,
             | rather than the manufacturer, so as GP said, it's A-OK.
        
             | FeepingCreature wrote:
             | Assume you have 30 electrical devices in operation. Assume
             | the cost of your house is $1mil. Then avoiding that fire
             | should be worth ~$13 per device. However, the device
             | manufacturer would not need to bear that cost, meaning it
             | goes unpaid.
        
               | marcinzm wrote:
               | You'd be correct if every house fire totaled the property
               | and the average house price was a million. It seems house
               | fires cause $1.5billion in property damage per year in
               | the US and there are 360k of them. Assuming electrical
               | fires are twice as damaging as the average fire we end up
               | with a cost of $10k per fire. That works out to around 15
               | cents per electronic device in your example. Even that is
               | a high estimate since I believe only a minority of
               | electrical fires are due to consumer electronics (versus
               | things like faulty or old wiring).
        
               | jonhohle wrote:
               | Narrator : A new car built by my company leaves somewhere
               | traveling at 60 mph. The rear differential locks up. The
               | car crashes and burns with everyone trapped inside. Now,
               | should we initiate a recall? Take the number of vehicles
               | in the field, A, multiply by the probable rate of
               | failure, B, multiply by the average out-of-court
               | settlement, C. A times B times C equals X. If X is less
               | than the cost of a recall, we don't do one.
               | 
               | Woman on Plane : Are there a lot of these kinds of
               | accidents?
               | 
               | Narrator : You wouldn't believe.
               | 
               | Woman on Plane : Which car company do you work for?
               | 
               | Narrator : A major one.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | Meanwhile in reality, cars undergo multiple recalls every
               | year to fix a myriad of issues.
               | 
               | Reputational damage is so high from consumer deaths now
               | days, the balance sheet comes out in favor of fixing
               | issues.
        
               | jack_pp wrote:
               | replace cars with drugs and it's the same old story
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Cost of settlements went way up too.
        
               | therealjumbo wrote:
               | Do you have inside knowledge of how the recalls are done?
               | It's a lot more complicated than that:
               | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/04/the-
               | engineers-...
               | 
               | Even to the point where an actual horrific accident
               | doesn't necessarily mean that vehicle is any more
               | dangerous than other vehicles on the road, they just
               | don't have that exact failure mode but do kill people
               | nonetheless.
               | 
               | And no amount of money is going to buy perfect safety
               | either. As always, engineering is all about tradeoffs, no
               | way around it. Car companies have dropped the ball on
               | safety in several cases, but just because somebody died,
               | doesn't mean they did.
        
               | MonkeyClub wrote:
               | The first rule of recalls is we don't talk about recalls.
        
               | nfriedly wrote:
               | (For folks who didn't catch the reference, this quote is
               | from the movie Fight Club -
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IA2EBWFCULg )
        
               | hedora wrote:
               | And that scene is almost certainly referring to Ralph
               | Nader's best-selling book, Unsafe at any Speed:
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsafe_at_Any_Speed
        
           | whoisthemachine wrote:
           | I think you are conflating quality and safety. While quality
           | control can certainly help with ensuring safe operation of
           | industrial equipment, I don't think a laptop LCD panel
           | breaking is a safety hazard, although it is still a quality
           | issue.
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | Nintendo sells a product that includes hardware and software.
           | As a product it is safe. They are no more responsible for the
           | damages caused when you modify the product than they would be
           | if you took the Switch and bludgeoned someone across the head
           | repeatedly.
        
           | throwawaylinux wrote:
           | Lots of real time, safety critical, and control systems rely
           | on software and don't have mechanical or hard wired
           | electronic interlocks or fallbacks. That doesn't make it
           | worse than alternatives.
           | 
           | You could hack the firmware and make the device behave out of
           | spec, but you could also hack the hardware. If you bypassed
           | your voltage limiter on the board then you could blow it up
           | too.
        
             | GTP wrote:
             | And there is the crucial difference: you would need to
             | bypass the voltage limiter on purpose, your display
             | wouldn't be ruined by mistake just by putting a slider to
             | the maximum possible value.
        
               | throwawaylinux wrote:
               | It won't be ruined by mistake just by putting a slider to
               | the maximum possible value unless you first bypass the
               | firmware on purpose and install your own one that allows
               | voltage limits to be disregarded.
        
             | mojzu wrote:
             | I think the argument is less related to hacking, as that
             | would be like making something tamper proof which is a much
             | higher bar. But more like if software can cause hardware
             | damage, that means software bugs can cause hardware damage
             | and potentially pose a safety risk, which should be seen as
             | a critical hardware bug
             | 
             | For example the safety critical systems you mention should
             | absolutely fail-safe at the bare minimum, all kinds of
             | things can adversely affect running software like equipment
             | generating EM noise nearby or someone tripping over the
             | wrong cable
        
               | throwawaylinux wrote:
               | > I think the argument is less related to hacking, as
               | that would be like making something tamper proof which is
               | a much higher bar.
               | 
               | I meant hacking as-in messing around, poor choice of
               | word.
               | 
               | > But more like if software can cause hardware damage,
               | that means software bugs can cause hardware damage and
               | potentially pose a safety risk, which should be seen as a
               | critical hardware bug
               | 
               | Hardware bugs can cause hardware damage.
               | 
               | > For example the safety critical systems you mention
               | should absolutely fail-safe at the bare minimum, all
               | kinds of things can adversely affect running software
               | like equipment generating EM noise nearby or someone
               | tripping over the wrong cable
               | 
               | They're just not. The ABS, stability, and collision
               | avoidance systems in your car can't fail safe if the
               | software fails because the software is required to
               | control the dynamic situation. It can't just say stop
               | everything. Same as control software in airliners. Or
               | industrial control and monitoring systems (although they
               | can have mechanical interlocks in more cases, not all).
               | 
               | And very little that can be _absolutely_ fail-safe, not
               | even purely mechanical devices. How do you make a fail
               | safe bridge?
        
               | mojzu wrote:
               | > Hardware bugs can cause hardware damage.
               | 
               | That's true, although I think the original point was that
               | if software can damage the hardware it's running on then
               | that should be seen as a fault/bug, but with cost
               | reduction/market pressures/etc. it is often ignored
               | 
               | And fail-safe doesn't necessarily mean everything turns
               | off because that can be just as dangerous, I take it more
               | as a systems mindset where thought, care and attention
               | are paid to failure conditions and making sure those
               | outcomes pose the least risk. Again something which can
               | often be ignored for cost or expediency reasons
               | 
               | Perfection is probably an unattainable goal but I've been
               | around software long enough that I wouldn't want someones
               | safety to depend solely on one piece of software
        
               | throwawaylinux wrote:
               | > if software can damage the hardware it's running on
               | then that should be seen as a fault/bug
               | 
               | It is.
               | 
               | And I'm still waiting to hear how that absolutely fail-
               | safe bridge is going to work...
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Easy. You set your safety factor in excess of expected
               | everyday load.
               | 
               | The fact is, Engineering has become the Art of specifying
               | the worst (read: cheapest) implementation one can get
               | away with.
        
               | mdtusz wrote:
               | Building in a high safety factor is not a failsafe. A
               | failsafe requires that in the event of failure, the
               | system goes into a safe state.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | If you're not practicing defense in depth, especially for
             | safety critical systems, that is a big problem.
        
               | throwawaylinux wrote:
               | I didn't say you're not.
               | 
               | It can involve software though.
        
           | chuckSu wrote:
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > there's absolutely no safety mindset for anything behind
           | the cover.
           | 
           | As a counter-point: One persons "safety" is another persons
           | "limitation". Sometimes it's good that things are _generally_
           | protected but you can break through the protections somewhat.
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | facts, if there was a regulator some hackernews would be on
             | here complaining about how it's "not hackable" or whatever.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | I'm not advocating for filling out the whole insides with
             | epoxy. (Quite the contrary, I think it'd be great to have
             | better markings on components, and have data sheets - and
             | schematics - for them readily available. I mean it's
             | ridiculous that the whole IP protection legal machinery is
             | justified in the name of incentivizing invention and new
             | works, but in practice all we got is cheaper and cheaper
             | copies/derivatives of the same noname things.)
        
           | bsenftner wrote:
           | This person speaks the truth, and one would be wise to
           | internalize his perspective. I've seen this first hand, for
           | decades. Lies, half truths, and blind belief someone else's
           | job is looking out for others. Someday in the not so distant
           | future, a large scale automation is going to kill thousands
           | while destroying our entire civilization's belief "the
           | technology people" know what they are doing.
        
           | foobarbecue wrote:
           | Thank you for introducing me to the phrase "immanetize the
           | eschaton."
        
             | FoeNyx wrote:
             | btw, seems there's a small typo (see wikipedia article
             | "Immanentize the eschaton", from adjective "immanent")
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | Sounds like in this case they are monetizing it
        
           | f1shy wrote:
           | Sooo much truth has been spoken!
           | 
           | The quality of consumer goods is decaying everyday. It is all
           | about the last millionth of a cent to be spared.
           | 
           | Just nobody cares.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | To be fair, the _price_ of consumer electronics is falling
             | through the floor too. A routine living room television
             | (say a 60 " 4k panel) is literally 50x cheaper in real
             | value the 16" color set my family bought in 1982.
             | 
             | You need to look at both sides of that equation. Would you
             | be willing to pay, say, $4000 for a laptop where all the
             | quality engineering was top notch? (It's a reasonably
             | informed guess as to what that would cost.) Maybe some
             | people would. Probably not many. Most people want the $700
             | laptop which is "just as good", even if the display
             | sometimes fails.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | > Would you be willing to pay, say, $4000 for a laptop
               | where all the quality engineering was top notch?
               | 
               | Yes. This is also why I do exactly that. Thankfully
               | there's still one company making good laptops left,
               | Apple.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, all the brands I used to buy from decided
               | it was better to cut the cost by half by cutting the
               | quality by 9/10s.
        
               | pipeline_peak wrote:
               | Didn't they face a class action lawsuit due to keyboard
               | defects a couple year back?
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Thinkpads are still decent, and some other manufacturers
               | do okay too.
        
               | xani_ wrote:
               | They've been sold to Lenovo, it's just a matter of time
        
               | pipeline_peak wrote:
               | It's been 17 years, they aren't IBM quality, but they're
               | still very sturdy.
        
               | RunSet wrote:
               | > Thinkpads are still decent
               | 
               | The ones from 2011 are.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | Are they? I used to be a huge lover of Thinkpads. IMO,
               | they've been going downhill since the T60, I had a T430
               | and I ended up getting rid of it. I kept my X32 still
               | going though.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | While I agree in spirit, honestly my T60 broke much more
               | than my current X230. I replaced the T60's keyboard 4-5
               | times under warranty, while maybe once or twice for the
               | X230 over a longer period of time. I did use the T60 more
               | though (no-desktop phase). I've no experience with more
               | recent models, since I prefer _personal_ computers (ie no
               | ME crapware).
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | _Would you be willing to pay, say, $4000 for a laptop
               | where all the quality engineering was top notch?_
               | 
               | Isn't that what Emperor Linux is (nominally) about? Not
               | that I have ever tried them out because that is way
               | beyond my pay grade, but several of their machines are in
               | that price range.
        
               | xani_ wrote:
               | I'd definitely want to pay on quality on some stuff, the
               | problem is that it is very hard to spot that quality and
               | not just product being more expensive because of a bunch
               | of features I don't need, or just plainly on brand name.
               | 
               | The other problem is that niche high quality stuff also
               | would not benefit from economies of scale as much, and at
               | some point buying 4 of the cheap might get you thru
               | longer than one of the "reliable" one
               | 
               | The top-end electronics are maybe a bad example as (at
               | least till now, it seems to slow down at last) the
               | performance is also a big factor, so buying $700 laptop
               | _you will want to replace anyway in few years_ is
               | sensible over  "will never break" $4000 one that will
               | just go out of date.
               | 
               | But on like, just about everything else ? Reliability and
               | repairability please, I will pay extra.
        
               | rkagerer wrote:
               | _Would you be willing to pay, say, $4000 for a laptop
               | where all the quality engineering was top notch?_
               | 
               | YES, please, I beg of the industry give me this.
               | 
               | In a loud, resounding voice.
               | 
               | Buying a new laptop takes days of investment to get it
               | all set up just right. Maintaining the software and OS to
               | keep it snappy is also a timesink. The initial cost of
               | the hardware is a trivial portion of the TCO for me.
               | 
               | It's also an item I only carry around one of (lugging
               | around a backup device would be too inconvenient even if
               | it only cost a dollar), so reliability is paramount.
               | 
               | My current laptop (Dell Precision from ~2011) cost a
               | little over your price point, and has been upgraded
               | _many_ times over the years. Finding something I 'm happy
               | to replace it with has been a conundrum, there's a ton of
               | absolute garbage out there. (Framework _almost_ does what
               | I need and is a leading contender).
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | We would be able to find a balance between quality and
               | price if the Fed stopped creating new money to erase
               | lower prices. Your argument is only apparent for high
               | technology because computing advances so fast that it has
               | been able to outrun the policy of inflation. For example,
               | appliances are being designed ever cheaper while also
               | costing more. Consumers end up anchored to the bottom of
               | the market based on sticky expectations of price, the
               | market as a whole never develops a sense of wealth, and
               | economies of scale make it so straying from the herd is
               | very expensive.
               | 
               | (edit: changed "printing" -> "creating" since the former
               | is a tribalism trigger)
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > We would be able to find a balance between quality and
               | price if the Fed stopped printing new money to erase
               | lower prices.
               | 
               | That is... a weirdly revisionist interpretation. People
               | have been complaining about consumer electronics quality
               | _consistently and pervasively for decades and decades_.
               | Absolutely nothing about that point is  "modern" or
               | "new". Yet... you really think it's due to events of the
               | last few months? And not even just any events,
               | politically charged events interpreted and explained
               | using partisan language[1]. Really?
               | 
               | [1] Seriously, one of the easiest ways to tell whether or
               | not to pay attention to an economics argument is whether
               | it includes the phrase "printing money".
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Erm, no. I'm not talking about the past two months,
               | rather I'm talking about the _past several decades_. For
               | example, all that offshoring was supposed to  "lower
               | prices" thereby giving consumers more purchasing power to
               | make up for the loss in income. But the Fed has drawn a
               | feedback loop around prices and asserted they must always
               | go up, so the net effect of offshoring was only to wreck
               | the manufacturing economy.
               | 
               | Politically, I call the current price inflation
               | "Trumpflation", since that is when the monetary inflation
               | that's driving much of it occurred. We'll see how the
               | Biden administration did in a few years. And while being
               | an Austrian-leaning libertarian, I think the Democrats
               | are at least honest in that they want to use some of the
               | newly _created_ money to compensate for the financial
               | damage that monetary inflation causes, whereas the
               | Republicans want to give it all to the banks while
               | preaching austerity for everyone else.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Inflation has been at historic lows over the past several
               | decades. I don't see how that follows, sorry.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Yes, price inflation measured by the CPI, which consists
               | of a changing basket of goods from the lower end of the
               | market, has been low.
               | 
               | Let's say a given widget costs $10 to produce, and look
               | at what happens over 4 years. Say offshoring, cost
               | optimization, and technological progress would allow it
               | to be produced for $7. The Fed creates enough new money
               | that the new price is $11. The Fed calls this "2.5%
               | inflation", whereas the actual inflation has been 12%.
               | The sticker price reflects the 2.5%, and the remaining
               | 9.5% is reflected in the item being made cheaper, not
               | supporting the local economy, and the gains of
               | technological progress accruing to the central bank
               | rather than being distributed throughout society.
               | 
               | At the larger level, this does not happen uniformly to
               | every component of CPI. Instead, prices for things that
               | can be bought with new money increase more. So
               | manufactured goods still have relatively low price
               | inflation, where things that the consumer can finance
               | (housing, education, healthcare, vehicles) shoot through
               | the roof.
               | 
               | Bringing this back to the original topic - since the
               | median consumer's expenditure is expected to be ~fixed
               | (slightly rising) for a basket of goods that are
               | decreasing in quality, they're unable to afford the
               | previous baseline quality that is now considered luxury.
               | Rather than seeing a choice between buying what they know
               | and saving money with a lower-quality item, they're given
               | a choice between paying slightly more for the lower
               | quality one or paying much more for the quality that they
               | were used to.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Wow, OK. Your point seems to be "If you discount economic
               | growth, then inflation has been high". Well... OK.
               | Granted. But let's game that out:
               | 
               | It's true, that if you correct for all the inventions and
               | economies that have made its production possible, the
               | relative "cost" of, say, a nice new five-burner induction
               | range is indeed extremely high in comparison to, say, the
               | bow drill your ancestors would have used. Probably in the
               | billions or so, if not higher.
               | 
               | But that's not telling you anything! In point of fact the
               | "cost" measured in hours of labor[1] of collecting fuel
               | and starting fires over the course of a decade or so[2]
               | is _VASTLY_ higher for the paleolithic toolkit. And it 's
               | not even remotely close, which is why no one chooses to
               | cook with an open fire and a bow drill except as an
               | amusement.
               | 
               | Basically: you're bending yourself around and measuring
               | the wrong thing to try to make a point about inflation in
               | an area that has nothing to do with it.
               | 
               | [1] Which is, at the end of the day, all we really care
               | about optimizing. We live one life and we want to live it
               | well doing as little work as possible. Frankly this is
               | sort of "postulate zero" of the whole field of economics.
               | 
               | [2] Just assume the range will last for a decade. I don't
               | know what the real average is but it's in that range.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Its not about discounting growth, but rather correctly
               | accounting for growth. Why should the financial benefit
               | of growth accrue to the central bank rather than
               | remaining distributed throughout society? In these terms,
               | decades of high growth have allowed the centralized
               | government (including Wall Street) to balloon. Now that
               | growth has slowed (the low hanging information technology
               | and offshoring fruit has been picked), the costs of those
               | policies will increasingly show themselves.
               | 
               | Furthermore, accounting for _optimization via tradeoffs_
               | as if it 's bona fide growth is doubly wrong. Cost
               | reduction via quality reduction is actually the opposite
               | of growth, but gets counted as increased efficiency for
               | labor rather than reduced quality of life for humans.
               | 
               | Focusing on hours of labor and gradually reducing hours
               | worked would have been a different way to keep the
               | benefits of growth distributed throughout society.
               | Instead full time employment has been fixed at 40 hours
               | through a long period of high growth, with the new money
               | feedback loop soaking up the individual's surplus.
        
               | f1shy wrote:
               | > Would you be willing to pay, say, $4000 for a laptop
               | where all the quality engineering was top notch?
               | 
               | Absolutely. Yes please. That would mean I can use it for
               | 10 years without major problems, I'm able to repair it,
               | no Jail breaking needed... make it 5k. More than happy.
               | 
               | But I understand, I'm not the majority of the market.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > How come these things are not secured against at the LCD
         | controller side? Why would a general purpose controller ne
         | designed to accept e.g. too high voltage levels?
         | 
         | Why would they be secured there? The device doesn't allow
         | setting any of the dangerous settings, so noone will break
         | their displays this way.
         | 
         | Look at cars for example... pretty much cars have systems in
         | place not to overheat (thermostatic valves, fans, etc.). Most
         | even have code to go into limp mode and turn off if they
         | overheat. Now imagine someone taking the ECU out of the car,
         | installing gentoo on it, putting it back in, and forget to
         | write a script to check the temperature and turn on the fans
         | when needed... the car would probably work ok when driving high
         | airflow) but when stopped, it would heat, overheat and
         | eventually something would break down. Do we need some kind of
         | a hardware system in our cars to turn on the fans, or something
         | that turns off the main relay, because someone decided to hack
         | the software and forgot to implement sotware limits and checks?
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | Cars are mostly immune to such things. Mostly due to previous
           | experience which has showed that SW alone will not protect
           | hardware.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | So, what exactly stops the car when it gets too hot? Or
             | when there's no oil? (except the eventual engine failure)
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | The car is _designed_ so that it doesn't get to hot. If,
               | despite this, it gets hot it will be stopped. Now, those
               | are the requirements and some suppliers might disregard
               | them with the prize of their liability.
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | The car has mechanisms, some of them implemented in
               | software (eg turning on cooling fans) to not get hot.
               | 
               | So does a switch.
               | 
               | Someone installing gentoo on a cars ECU, and not
               | implementing the feature to turn the fans on will easily
               | overheat and destroy the car... the same is happening
               | here with the lcd controller (and yes, the switch is
               | designed so that the user can never go above some
               | brightness level... unless the user hacks the switch and
               | installs some random linux on it).
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | The driver.
        
               | xani_ wrote:
               | The car won't shut off because that would be a dangerous
               | thing to do in traffic.
               | 
               | The car will alert the driver than something is wrong and
               | should stop as soon as it is safe.
               | 
               | Because stopping engine abruptly in middle of highway
               | could be very dangerous.
               | 
               | A lot of cars also have so-called "limp mode" where some
               | failures cause car to limit engine power and other stuff,
               | basically to get to the next point the car can be stopped
               | and towed to shop
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | So you're saying a car has software features in the ECU
               | preventing the user from destroying a car. So does the
               | switch in its software (OS).
               | 
               | We're talking about someone taking a device, hacking it,
               | installing some random software (whatever hacked version
               | of linux runs on switch), and that software does not have
               | the feature of limiting the max brightness at an
               | accaptable (non-damaging level). So the same as if you
               | took an ecu of a car, put linux on it, didn't implement
               | the limp mode feature and then blame the hardware for
               | overheating.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | This reminds me of installing uLinux on a Palm IIIxe around
         | 2000-2001. During reboot, one of the transparent diagonal LCD
         | traces behind the LCD went black for several seconds and then
         | faded back to clear.
         | 
         | I thought I fried the thing, but it went away it on its own and
         | the display continued to work. I couldn't figure out a
         | mechanism for causing it to happen, but this explains it.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > How come these things are not secured against at the LCD
         | controller side?
         | 
         | Because we make generic LCD controllers that can service a wide
         | range of panels.
         | 
         | Using generic parts with adjustable outputs is standard
         | practice. It keeps prices down, keeps supply chains flowing,
         | and makes it easier to design new systems around common parts.
         | It also reduces the amount of waste because common parts can be
         | re-used in new designs and resold if unused.
         | 
         | Many things around you are controlled by software settings
         | without separate hardware limits to keep them in check. If you
         | have an enthusiast motherboard, you can reboot right now into
         | the BIOS and set the CPU and RAM voltages to numbers that will
         | fry your chips in short order if you want, and it won't stop
         | you at the hardware level.
         | 
         | Generic parts with a wide output range are great, but it
         | requires care and attention to make sure the software is
         | providing the right settings.
        
         | megous wrote:
         | Rising brightness too high has nothing to do with LCD
         | controller.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | Well because like you said - it's a general purpose controller.
         | Maybe it can drive any display accepting voltage input between
         | 5 and 12V, which means that you _can_ use it with a display
         | that only supports 5-8V range - you just limit the range in
         | software and make sure the user can 't select anything about
         | 8V. But if a device is hacked and the controller sent direct
         | commands, then of course it could lead to issues.
        
           | xani_ wrote:
           | LEDs are current driven, not voltage driven. It's still weird
           | as most controllers have the current set via resistor (either
           | the value of inline resistor used for current measurement, or
           | separate one), why _wouldn 't_ you set that to the max one
           | for the panel ?
           | 
           | edit: https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/AP3019A.pdf
           | example of simple one. The value of the single resistor
           | decides the max current.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | Well that's fair for the switch. It's a locked down platform
           | and sold as such. If you hack, you're doing so at your own
           | risk.
           | 
           | But is that really the case for these laptops? Seems kind of
           | negligent from the manufacturer if so.
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | Because you don't know what the final design spec might need to
         | be, under all circumstances. I've got a board design that's
         | used in production that the moment where - depending on
         | configuration - it could blow the device it's connected to up
         | in about three seconds if you set it to full power in normal
         | operation. It's designed to go that high, because it may be
         | running from a very degraded power supply and it may be
         | necessary to "kick" the actuator it controls quite hard with
         | short bursts of full power to unstick it as it wears.
        
         | xani_ wrote:
         | First example: LED used as flash in phones.
         | 
         | The simplest hardware design is just running it at say 10% max
         | in flashlight mode but allowing for short bursts of overdrive
         | for flashing. The LED is big enough to handle short bursts, but
         | not thermally cooled well enough to work at full power all the
         | time. So you rely on firmware/software to do its job instead of
         | having specialised hardware controller that's only job would be
         | to make sure LED isn't on on 100% for more than say half a sec.
         | 
         | You control software so you don't GAF, but people putting
         | custom one have to take same amount of care
         | 
         | Second example: You're an engineer and need to drive a
         | backlight. You can
         | 
         | * slap a constant-current controller (buck or two of parts) so
         | 100% is a maximum safe level all while regulating it at >90%
         | efficiency * slap a high value resistor costing $0.01 so 100%
         | is maximum level is safe but you lose a lot of power in the
         | resistor * slap a low value resistor then just drive it at 20%
         | duty cycle and waste less heat in resistor all while still
         | costing $0.01
         | 
         | They just most likely picked 3rd. Or picked 1st and
         | misengineered the limits I guess...
        
           | megous wrote:
           | Phones use flash LED controllers that limit the time the LED
           | is able to turn on in high power mode. Though apparently you
           | can misdesign the HW with these, too, as I've recently
           | discovered.
        
       | nyanpasu64 wrote:
       | Interestingly I have a similar experience of flashing displays,
       | though my issue reflected the backlight and not the panel poweron
       | sequence. After chip-level-flashing an Ivy Bridge Dell laptop
       | with a corrupted BIOS chip, I was disappointed to find that the
       | backlight was dimmed using PWM at 100 Hz (10ms periods)
       | (CORRECTION: 200 Hz), where 50% brightness in Linux sets the
       | light to turn on for 5ms, then off, and repeat every 10ms. This
       | causes noticeable flicker when I move my hand in front of the
       | screen.
       | 
       | Reading through the i915 driver and Sandy/Ivy Bridge GPU
       | datasheets, I found that the backlight was controlled by two GPU
       | registers at 0x48250 and 0x48254 (CPU-written?), with mirrors-ish
       | at 0xC8250 and 0xC8254 (PCH-written?). There's actually a script
       | to decrease the backlight period register at
       | https://github.com/edio/intelpwm-udev, but the problem is that
       | Linux still scales the pulse width register based on the original
       | period (10ms) at time of bootup and doesn't see the userspace
       | tool writing a shorter period (higher frequency). If you halve
       | the backlight period to 5ms, 50% brightness suddenly configures
       | the GPU to turn the screen on for 5 of 5 ms, setting the screen
       | to full brightness instead (all lower brightness values are
       | doubled, and all higher ones are technically illegal chip
       | configurations). As an added gotcha, if you write to the wrong
       | register mirror (0xCxxxx vs 0x4xxxx), you get seizure-inducing
       | screen backlight flicker comparable to the issue report at
       | https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/intel/-/issues/7013.
       | 
       | I tried recompiling the i915 driver to increase the PWM frequency
       | at boot time, but was unable to compile and replace that driver
       | alone due to symbol version mismatches (and I didn't want to
       | rebuild the whole kernel on an obsolete dual-core Ivy Bridge). So
       | I tried changing the backlight frequency in the BIOS itself,
       | which was OS-agnostic and didn't require editing Linux drivers. I
       | began decompiling the UEFI firmware in Ghidra and tracing control
       | flow across multiple undocumented labyrinthine EFI executables,
       | finding that I had to modify a VBT file's backlight PWM frequency
       | field to change the refresh rate. Sadly this only affected pure
       | UEFI boot and not CSM mode, but disabling CSM causes Windows 7
       | (the OS I used when the laptop was new, and which I keep this
       | laptop just to run) to show a black screen. And I got burnt out
       | from reversing EFI, _and_ broke a flash chip leg and two
       | motherboard pads reflashing my BIOS (and barely managed to patch
       | the BIOS chip circuit back together with bodge wire soldered to
       | the chip 's stub)... so I'm still stuck with 100Hz flickering...
        
         | dbttdft wrote:
         | Nice trek.
         | 
         | 100Hz flicker is terrible. It's amazing vendors still are so
         | clueless.
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | Sorry, I misremembered, the native flicker frequency is at
           | 200 Hz, I had to look up my notes again and verify by
           | listening to my solar panel hooked up to a 3.5mm jack.
           | 
           | I forgot to mention, I actually managed to write a program
           | that would dynamically rewrite the period and pulse width
           | registers to play music off the screen backlight, based off a
           | conversion of the Monkey Island tunes from
           | https://www.thanassis.space/monkeyisland.html. It almost
           | worked... except that whenever I decreased the period (raised
           | the pitch), there was a random chance the new period would be
           | greater than the current phase, and so the display would hang
           | at full or zero brightness nonstop (producing a gap in the
           | sound) until the 16-bit counter running at 0.98 MHz (=
           | 125/128) rolled over, rather than instantly setting the
           | counter to zero and turning the display back on. I've
           | recorded my "best effort" attempt at music, at
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qt0ssFk410 (every recording
           | has different gaps when pitch increases).
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | That's the kind of things I'd try lol
             | 
             | Wonderful writeup BTW!
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | So, 30 years later and the advice regarding bad X Windows
       | configurations still apply.
        
         | akho wrote:
         | This is not X, failure is in early stages of boot.
        
       | kjoedion wrote:
        
         | ranguna wrote:
         | If you are going down that route then you won't use any
         | consumer grade OS ever, since they all have bugs like these
         | every once in a while, from hardware damaging bugs to full
         | lockout and major security vulnerabilities.
        
         | grnmamba wrote:
         | Because macos doesn't have hardware destroying bugs?
         | 
         | Bug free software doesn't exist. Hardware destroying bugs are
         | thankfully very rare, but they do exist.
         | 
         | https://www.macrumors.com/2019/02/22/adobe-premiere-pro-fix-...
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | I have a friend who tried installing Ventura Beta on a Mac,
           | and it overheated and cooked two of her SD cards.
        
         | ben-schaaf wrote:
         | macOS Monterey shipped with a firmware that could (soft) brick
         | T2-based devices. You needed a 2nd mac to recover it:
         | https://www.macrumors.com/2022/03/17/macos-monterey-
         | bricking....
         | 
         | Note that unlike said macOS bug this one isn't in a stable
         | operating system release. It's the equivalent of finding a bug
         | in the macOS Ventura alpha. How else was this bug supposed to
         | get fixed if not by people running the latest kernel and
         | finding said bug?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > If you want Unix in a competent OS get a MacBook.
         | 
         | If you don't mind the ads that are coming your way ...
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33069696
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | I have to disagree here.
         | 
         | Linux is great on laptops. A bug can happen anywhere. And macOS
         | is way too locked down for many people. Of course Linux is
         | great for servers too but why stop there? I really love KDE as
         | a desktop. It's just more free and configurable than either
         | Windows or Mac. I don't like being stuck with the choices made
         | by the developer. For this reason I don't use gnome either but
         | it's good that it exists for those who do subscribe to the
         | opinionated software concept. That's the biggest strength of
         | Linux. It can be whatever you want it to be.
         | 
         | PS using FreeBSD as my daily driver desktop myself :) But not
         | on a laptop but on a NUC.
        
           | CoolCold wrote:
           | > Of course Linux is great for servers too but why stop
           | there?
           | 
           | UNIX philosophy - do one thing and do it right?:)
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | That philosophy pertained to userspace tools, not the OS as
             | a whole. And the waters have been muddied a lot (think
             | systemd which does a lot of things and is still embraced
             | for servers and desktop alike).
        
           | _-_-__-_-_- wrote:
           | I have to agree with you.
           | 
           | Linux on laptops is great, especially ThinkPad's and machines
           | older than a a few generations. I just started using gnome
           | after being a loyal xfce user for years and it's refreshing
           | with all it's integration (with lots of extensions for
           | customization).
        
             | PcChip wrote:
             | If you think gnome is good, wait till you see KDE
        
               | RunSet wrote:
               | Yeah after they see KDE they'll _really_ think gnome is
               | good.
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | I really like KDE, but there's always something that
               | annoys me enough I move away. I try most new major
               | releases (GNOME too), then jump back to XFCE.
               | 
               | For example, does it use the same keyring as the rest of
               | the applications yet? Does the WiFi menu still select an
               | entry different than the one you click?
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Well, if you use gnome/GTK apps, of course it uses gnome-
               | keyring.
               | 
               | If you use Qt apps, it will use KDE's keyring. This is
               | simply caused by the lack of standardisation in such
               | elements of Linux desktop environments.
               | 
               | I tend to use mostly Qt apps, because they look the most
               | 'native' on KDE and have the best integration. They also
               | have the same philosophy (the more user choice and
               | settings the better) which I subscribe to, so I naturally
               | gravitate towards them.
               | 
               | And no the wifi applet always worked correctly for me (I
               | don't use wifi on my main desktop but on laptops it works
               | fine for me)
               | 
               | There's also things I don't like with KDE but there's
               | almost always an option to change it. Whereas with Gnome
               | there is almost never any such option, it could be there
               | is an extension that does it but having too many
               | extensions tends to drag you into a quagmire of version
               | dependencies making it really hard to upgrade.
               | 
               | The one thing I really don't like about KWin is that the
               | virtual desktops of each display can't be switched
               | independently like with i3 for example. They're all stuck
               | together. But this is a minor inconvenience compared to
               | all the things I dislike about Gnome.
               | 
               | Of course YMMV and that is why we have Linux <3
        
         | api wrote:
         | While I agree that Mac is still a better desktop, IMHO this is
         | a hardware bug. It should not be possible to damage a computer
         | with a simple setting. Things like intentionally wearing out
         | SSD with endless writes are unavoidably possible but the
         | hardware should not allow a driver bug to brick it.
        
           | jvermillard wrote:
           | Apple hardware which can be destroyed by software, the M1
           | speakers: https://github.com/AsahiLinux/docs/wiki/Feature-
           | Support#spea...
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | It is not a hardware bug. Is a feature. The spec is to make
           | it cheap and implement SW protection.
        
           | megous wrote:
           | Pretty much any computer can be destroyed by SW or firmware
           | (which is also just SW, BTW). Any laptop or smartphone has a
           | PMIC that can produce out of range voltages, thermal
           | protection can often be worked around or disabled, battery
           | can be overcharged or overstressed, etc. etc. With USB-PD,
           | you can just configure the HW wrongly and let the USB PSU
           | send you 15V when you can only handle 5V, which will surely
           | brick something. There are way too many ways to brick the HW.
           | 
           | Lot of these highly dangerous things are controlled over I2C
           | or SPI buses, which don't use any checksum mechanisms, so SoC
           | can send "set CPU core voltage to 1.1V" and PMIC can
           | plausibly read "set CPU core voltage to 1.8V" due to noise on
           | the data line, or what not, and just do it.
           | 
           | It's kind of interesting that failures don't happen more
           | often.
        
       | qbasic_forever wrote:
       | Ooph that sucks. The 5.19 kernel completely broke audio for my
       | Ryzen APU laptop too, I have to wait for a 5.19.10+ kernel in my
       | distro (pop os) to get a fix.
       | 
       | I dunno what's up but the 5.19 kernel has had some pretty shoddy
       | releases or major bugs getting through. I kind of think the
       | video, audio, etc. drivers for these highly integrated SoCs are
       | just getting way too complex and unwieldy for anyone to reason
       | about or review.
        
       | yc-kraln wrote:
       | Surprised no one has mentioned the Therac-25 debacle:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therac-25
       | 
       | This is a lesson we've learned many times over by now: Software
       | limits alone are insufficient.
        
       | jiripospisil wrote:
       | It looks like the issue was caused by a wrong merge, not by a
       | particular commit.
       | 
       | https://lore.kernel.org/all/YzsfrkJcwqKOO+E%2F@intel.com/
        
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