[HN Gopher] Potential Issues of Using a USB Powerbank as a UPS (...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Potential Issues of Using a USB Powerbank as a UPS (2021)
        
       Author : walterbell
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2022-10-04 07:15 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (goughlui.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (goughlui.com)
        
       | exikyut wrote:
       | Tangentially related question I'm actually trying to answer in
       | earnest at the moment:
       | 
       | I want to put together an EDC portable Linux box using something
       | like a Radxa Zero or OrangePi Zero, with the idea that it'll run
       | for some nominal amount of time away from a wall outlet.
       | 
       | A power bank is obviously the answer, but I don't want "push the
       | status button and guess at what the 5 LEDs are saying" to be my
       | answer to "how much power is available?". I want something I can
       | ideally turn into an ETA, so that I can then monitor that ETA and
       | send myself alerts when the battery is critically low.
       | 
       | I've found RPi hat "UPSes" that seem to provide exactly this data
       | over I2C... but none of these seem to also provide an all-
       | important enclosure that would ensure I don't accidentally short
       | anything out and literally burn a hole in my pocket. Not viable.
       | 
       | I've not yet explored the world of 3D printing, but I do
       | understand enough to be know that my first 3 or 5 or 28 prints
       | will be slightly janky. :)
       | 
       | So, I'm trying to find a premade solution to this problem -
       | either a power bank that provides Actual Data(tm) over the USB
       | connection (!), or some kind of devkit-style solution that'll
       | viably/safely fit into a standard enclosure of some kind.
        
         | dicknuckle wrote:
         | Find someone locally who has a 3d printer. If you don't already
         | know how to model 3d objects, they will likely charge you for
         | that time and then 3d print a test. Then when you have it
         | right, there are plenty of pro shops that can produce a more
         | permanent 3d object through Laserjet Fusion or other methods.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | One of those plagues of shitty consumerism & no market
         | pressure: there's a standard that works great but no one
         | implements it, cause they suck & are no good & there's no
         | consumer pressure to do basic shit.
         | 
         | USB HID has all kinds of sensors & telemetry it can do. USB HID
         | includes a whole sub-spec on Power Devices, with all kinds of
         | information that chargers & batteries can report. To take one
         | example, the Battery System Page (x85) can report Current,
         | Voltage, Temperature, Absolute/RelativeStateOfCharge,
         | RemainingCapacity/FullCapacity, RunTimeToEmpty,
         | ChargerConnection, OutputConnection, ChargingIndicator, and
         | CycleCount (among many other factors) to tell you what is
         | happening. You can set RemainingCapacityLimit or
         | RemainingTimeLimit to trigger a USB alarm condition when
         | capacity falls under threshold. You can monitor individual
         | inputs & outputs separately.
         | 
         | (The one ask I have that's not supported by the spec: a
         | StopChargeAtCapacity setting for batteries, so I can stop my
         | UPS's 5000mah battery at 4200mah to extend it's life
         | drastically)
         | 
         | It's a stupid senseless world where the obvious never happens.
         | Consumers aren't educated enough to have sensible asks. What is
         | possible is ignored. I'll try to break out 'lsusb' more in the
         | future when charging, but my impression is that basically no
         | one- not batteries nor chargers- implements the ancient,
         | obvious, sensible, & easy spec for power devices to report the
         | basics about what they are doing. For shame!
        
           | joshspankit wrote:
           | > StopChargeAtCapacity
           | 
           | I'd also love to see this on power bricks so that I can tell
           | the charger to stop charging my phone and tablet at 80%,
           | regardless of what the device manufacturer gives in terms of
           | software control
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Something like OpenUPS2 [1] seems to provide data over USB, and
         | even has Linux software to support that. It does not seem to
         | have an enclosure though; it's apparently intended to be put
         | into an enclosure of the device it supports. Also, pricey.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.mini-box.com/OpenUPS2
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | About 10 years ago I tried using an Anker power bank for a UPS.
       | It had some issues w/shutting itself down when switching power
       | modes. I reached out to their support line and they completely
       | misunderstood my questions, sending me a brand new battery
       | instead despite my protest. I was hoping to just send some
       | feedback on what I thought were firmware issues.
       | 
       | In the end I got two beefy Anker power banks that didn't work as
       | a UPS, and eventually migrated myself over to using PoE power for
       | the Pis (AliExpress gigabit -> 5V/3A PoE extractor), with a Unifi
       | Dream Machine Pro SE powering them.
       | 
       | My UPS is now a used, enterprise Dell 1300W monster that pretty
       | much runs the entire local networking stack + servers for nearly
       | an hour without power.
        
       | INTPenis wrote:
       | The title makes me remember my raspberry pi camera I made for my
       | apartment in 2011. I hooked it up to a simple USB powerbank at
       | the time, and then the powerbank to the power outlet. Thinking if
       | anyone cut the power to my apartment it would still record for 15
       | minutes.
       | 
       | Of course had anyone cut the power to my apartment it would have
       | no way to upload the recordings because I didn't add a 3G
       | failover.
        
         | xani_ wrote:
         | I remember some article of someone trying it, only to discover
         | their power bank cut power for few milliseconds when you
         | disconnected the external power supply, resetting the device...
        
       | sys42590 wrote:
       | I really love the fact that the presented circuitry avoids fully
       | charging the battery cells to extend their lifespan.
       | 
       | SO many consumer electronics intentionally charge lithium cells
       | to their limits to boast long battery run times and high
       | capacities in the specs while severely shortening the products
       | lifespan.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | Lithium batteries are awesome, but I think lead acid just makes
         | a lot more sense for a UPS- they like to be fully charged, last
         | virtually forever when maintained that way, and don't require
         | any complex charge management circuitry.
        
           | Merad wrote:
           | > they like to be fully charged, last virtually forever when
           | maintained that way
           | 
           | If that's the case why do the lead acid batteries in consumer
           | UPS's never last more than 3-5 years?
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | I think cheap batteries, poorly designed starter circuits,
             | and occasional full discharge in use, which all coordinate
             | to damage the batteries early. Also if your power is low
             | quality, it causes the device to switch to battery often,
             | and can put a lot of cycles without actually having a power
             | outage. High quality lead acid batteries in solar systems,
             | car starting, and commercial UPSs often last a decade or
             | longer.
        
               | 1-6 wrote:
               | VRLA batteries are commonplace for commercial UPS units.
               | For lithium, I'd explore LiFePO4 batteries. Not all
               | lithium chemistries are alike and LiFePO4 are considered
               | safe. It doesn't have great capacity to weight ratio but
               | it wasn't meant for consumer electronics anyway.
        
       | cat_plus_plus wrote:
       | If you have corruption or super long reboots on brief power loss,
       | you have a bigger and unnecessary problem, because UPS can also
       | fail and for many applications a brief service loss is otherwise
       | acceptable. For example, I often handle California power outages
       | by running an inverter off my car and powering up my home network
       | through a cord run through kitchen window. If my NAS got borked
       | in between, that would be very unfortunate. Your point stands in
       | regards to equipment like security cameras where continuous
       | availability is the point. But would a Raspberry Pi usually be
       | the best choice vs special design equipment with built in backup
       | batteries and low idle drain or say a cheap Android phone running
       | an appropriate app?
        
       | heythere22 wrote:
       | Dave from EEVBlog had the same issue. His mains power battery
       | does not do 0ms switching:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JT8M8v_zNg
       | 
       | Semms like, if you want the features of an UPS, you should get a
       | UPS.
        
       | yencabulator wrote:
       | > Herein lies the problem - just because you have pass-through
       | charging does not mean that your output is uninterrupted.
       | 
       | Okay, so this Framework laptop I'm typing on can power from any
       | of its 4 USB-C ports. Ignoring that it already has a battery (you
       | can buy just the motherboard and a non-laptop case), doesn't that
       | work around this neatly?
       | 
       | Plug one USB-C directly to wall, plug second USB-C to powerbank.
       | 
       | For absurdity, repeat until you have a highly available array of
       | 3 powerbanks. You can even put them on timers so you don't need
       | pass-through charging!
        
       | aristus wrote:
       | Living in Mexico City around a lot of construction, I've had my
       | heart (and kit) broken by dirty, inconstant power. For small
       | things like a Wifi repeater a 10Ah battery inline works ok. But
       | for anything beefier or without its own internal battery, eg a
       | NAS / printer / modem, you still need a proper UPS.
       | 
       | The end result is we have a 750-100VA box under every desk and
       | one in the comms closet. Unsurprisingly even small office supply
       | stores around here have a wide selection of UPS and power kit.
        
       | axiolite wrote:
       | Get a 12V SLA battery, solar charge controller, 14-20V AC
       | adapter, and a USB car charger if you need 5V output in addition
       | to 12V. DONE!
       | 
       | The "DC UPS" units you can find for sale (as well as USB power
       | banks) don't have any monitoring/data connection. Real UPSes have
       | them to tell your systems to perform a clean shutdown when the
       | battery gets low. Since they're all just simple dumb batteries
       | anyhow, you might as well roll your own for less cost and much
       | more runtime...
       | 
       | To make it a proper smart UPS, you would just need to add a low-
       | voltage trigger that talks over USB, RS-232 or Ethernet.
       | Something like a 12V relay could act as a "contact closure"
       | signal, though you'd have to test the cut-off voltage and perhaps
       | try a few different values of resistors to fine-tune the low-
       | battery signal.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | I got a large power bank (Bluetti EB55) to get me through the
         | expected power cuts this winter. Supports charging from mains
         | or solar while supplying power. Of course at PS900 it's hardly
         | a cheap option ...
        
         | greggsy wrote:
         | Why over complicate it with electronics? It's a computer.
         | 
         | Just have your device shutdown when it can no longer poll
         | another device. For example, if the router or some other
         | network device isn't contactable for longer than two minutes,
         | it might indicate that the power is out.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | And you call that "simple"?
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | You could do it with a bash one liner
        
           | justsomehnguy wrote:
           | And couple of months later you are investigating why the
           | branch gone dark in the middle of the day.
           | 
           | No.
           | 
           | Devices should survive powerloss, devices can have a graceful
           | shutdown from an external source.
           | 
           | Key is in your "might".
        
           | unregistereddev wrote:
           | The router is one of the first things I put on a UPS. The
           | telco equipment likely has fallback power as well.
           | 
           | Sure, you could find some device that isn't on a battery
           | backup and ping it regularly. But this approach forces the
           | device on your UPS to shutdown as soon as power is lost. That
           | buys you a clean shutdown, but you don't get the added
           | benefit of being able to run without interruption during a
           | brief brownout.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | tenebrisalietum wrote:
           | I heard of connecting an old modem to a serial port for this
           | purpose. If it doesn't respond to any AT commands then power
           | may be out.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Any networked device will do - switch, router, etc. If
             | there's no link on the port, power is down. USB-C Ethernet
             | adapters with power pass-through will generally power the
             | Ethernet module off the USB-C power port even if no host
             | device is plugged in. USB-to-Ethernet adapters _may_ also
             | light up the port even if only connected to power (and not
             | a host device).
        
         | jacknews wrote:
         | Sure but you'd need bigger pockets, probably even a bigger
         | backpack.
        
           | dicknuckle wrote:
           | Also a much bigger timeframe for testing and development.
           | This isn't something you slap together in a weekend and call
           | good. More like building an experimental drone than putting
           | together a 3d printer kit or building a PC
        
         | crashingintoyou wrote:
         | Sure the "DC UPS" are basically "simple dumb batteries", but
         | the sort of loads that you'd probably run off them and the
         | expected runtime of each tends to be quite different.
         | 
         | Guessing the average AC UPS that someone might back a desktop
         | with might last 5 minutes (or in a data centre long enough for
         | the generators to kick in). A "DC UPS" running a router or a
         | raspberry pi likely has a runtime measured in hours. Still
         | would be nice to have monitoring info available, but more time
         | for human intervention to shut down if need be.
         | 
         | "you might as well roll your own for less cost and much more
         | runtime..."
         | 
         | Depends on how much gear you want to power. If you just want to
         | keep a raspberry pi online a few hours I doubt you'd save much
         | money (if any) rolling your own. Could be fun as a project
         | though.
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | I have made a standard USB-PD powerbank into an ACTUAL UPS by
       | connecting a small board that allows you to manually select the
       | voltage of the output. By selecting 12V you can then wire up any
       | 12V device of reasonable power (say a wireless router) to the USB
       | powerbank. There is no loss converting to and from AC and the
       | power bank internals still handle all the complicated charging
       | and whatnot. All the little IO board does is request a specific
       | voltage (in the same way that any device with PD will negotiate)
       | and keep it there.
       | 
       | I also found a small fanless inverter that I wired to this setup
       | which gave me a tiny and completely silent AC power device. Super
       | small, super portable. Easily powers a few LED bulbs or strings.
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | Is there a proper name for the "small board" you mention?
        
           | simplyaccont wrote:
           | there are keywords like "usb pd decoy"
           | 
           | https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B07T6LPP9W
        
       | planede wrote:
       | What's the typical circuit found in a laptop or phone? They all
       | have to deal with this stuff internally.
       | 
       | IMO a cheapo x64 laptop is better than a raspberry PI + some
       | jerry-rigged UPS setup for a low-power home server setup, YMMV.
        
         | selfhoster11 wrote:
         | That depends on the amount of stuff you're running, and how
         | much you care about the UPS working. If the answer to both is
         | "very little" or "not much", I'd take the Pi setup any day.
        
           | mbreese wrote:
           | It also depends on how often you expect to lose power. If
           | that answer is "somewhat often" or worse, then even a minor
           | annoyance can be worth avoiding. There's a reason laptops
           | used as a server were known as "California servers". (aka a
           | server with a built in UPS)
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > What's the typical circuit found in a laptop or phone? They
         | all have to deal with this stuff internally.
         | 
         | Most phones and laptops operate at the "micro-cycling" mode
         | that the author describes, it's part of why portable devices
         | regularly end up in the news for swelling batteries. There's no
         | brand that didn't have complaints by people.
         | 
         | Additionally, the power quality of shoddy chargers [1] makes
         | life even worse for circuit designers - voltage ripple or,
         | worse, spikes that rise fast enough to hit the battery... the
         | list of problems is quite endless.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.righto.com/2012/10/a-dozen-usb-chargers-in-
         | lab-a...
        
           | deckard1 wrote:
           | I always see recommendations on /r/HomeServer for using a
           | laptop and I always shudder a bit. I had a battery swell on a
           | Macbook. The thought of leaving a laptop running unattended
           | for months at a time, possibly stuffed in a garage or closet
           | where you won't be watching it for awhile just sounds like a
           | disaster waiting to happen.
           | 
           | The other thing is that if you have a laptop worth using as a
           | server then you have a laptop _probably_ worth selling. Use
           | that money to buy a proper UPS and cheap server and you may
           | even have money left over. You also can 't plug routers or
           | cable modems into a laptop, so it's rather pointless anyway.
           | 
           | I have a UPS because I'm hit with short brownouts every
           | summer (yay, California). But if my grid was better and I
           | only saw outages every few years then screw it. Let the
           | server crash. This isn't the 1980s. Nearly all filesystems
           | and databases (ACID, anyway) recover just fine today. Use ZFS
           | if you're truly paranoid.
        
       | eternityforest wrote:
       | Hard to believe USB-PD upses aren't a common products.
       | 
       | There's no reason anymore that a power bank should ever even have
       | an off mode unless it's so cheap there's no passthrough, which
       | shouldn't be a thing either because it's annoying and probably
       | saves 50 cents.
       | 
       | It's microamps with a good eco mode switcher.
       | 
       | Inline USB ultracapacitor banks seem like a reasonable product
       | too though.
       | 
       | Hopefully USB will give us standards for power banks someday so
       | you can get certified ones with a defined form factor and
       | behavior.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >USB will give us standards for power banks
         | 
         | USB Energy Provisioning Aggregate Network 4.3 Revision 11
         | Gen3x4 48gbps SuperCharge-C.
        
           | dividedbyzero wrote:
           | Sorry, can't do better than 5W with that pricey Revision 12
           | Gen4x4 cable of yours.
        
             | Dalewyn wrote:
             | Electricity is measured in gbps as ordained[1] by the USB-
             | IF. We must be universal.
             | 
             | [1]: https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-
             | content/uploads/2022/09/USB-p...
        
               | dividedbyzero wrote:
               | Yes, but between Revision 11 and 12, all manufacturers on
               | the consortium unanimously voted to up all voltages by
               | 0.4V to increase incompatibility. Still the same gbps
               | though.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | There's something sort of horrifying in the fact that I
               | can't tell if the posts in this thread are real ... or
               | fake in pretending to be a bureaucratic, ridiculous joke.
        
               | therein wrote:
               | Traumatizing.
        
           | justinjlynn wrote:
           | Nah, it'll be USB-P PB (LiIon Annex 3) UP 2+++ over USB-C
           | (constant cycle) USB-P 2+++-compatible (certified)
           | connectors.
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | For some reason I still cannot fathom, the 50-cent saving is a
         | point of great pride to electrical engineers. They repeat some
         | phrases about million-unit manufacturing runs and I just seethe
         | with anger that we can't have nice things.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | No, they are required to do that by management.
        
           | babypuncher wrote:
           | I imagine it's a similar feeling of pride felt by the
           | engineers who design outdoors equipment that only fits in the
           | provided container when folded precisely how it was at the
           | factory with no margin for error.
        
           | llampx wrote:
           | Its more the operations/supply chain/bean counting
           | department.
           | 
           | It goes like "They'll never know the difference!" and pretty
           | soon you've gone from a premier brand to a cheapo outsourced-
           | to-China generic product.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | You can have nicer things, you just have to pay for it.
           | 
           | But because of economies of scale, you don't just pay the
           | difference in BOM cost, you pay that difference _plus_ the
           | difference in fixed costs divided by a much smaller unit run.
           | 
           | USB UPSes exist, and they're really not that niche. Amazon
           | has one for $50. That's mass-market pricing as far as
           | electronics are concerned.
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | As far as I can tell, there are a few no-name DC-only ups
             | systems, but it would be really nice to have a USB-only DC-
             | only ups that did things like USB-C with PD.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | APC has a DC UPS but iirc it's 12V only. Mainly intended
               | for routers etc.
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | Good case study for Harvard Business School. When a design
           | engineer wants to cut a feature to save a few pennies, they
           | are teamed with a marketing pair-analyst to assess the TAM
           | and margins, considered holistically with other feature
           | subsets.
        
           | spookthesunset wrote:
           | > 50-cent saving is a point of great pride to electrical
           | engineers
           | 
           | As an engineer you are given a power budget, a thermal
           | budget, a size budget, a weight budget and a monetary budget,
           | among many other constraints. This means, like any
           | engineering endeavor, there are tradeoffs to make. That
           | 50-cents you saved on some power controller might be "spent"
           | somewhere else that has a higher impact on the product.
           | 
           | There is a near infinite set of things you can do to make the
           | product better somehow. Unfortunately you don't get to do
           | them all. Many of the things conflict with eachother--more
           | battery life might mean more weight and size that you have to
           | "steal" from some other aspect of the product to balance out.
           | Faster, better charging might cost 50-cents but that might
           | mean in order to stay on budget you'd have to use a lower
           | quality plastic shell that is more prone to damage. That
           | faster, better charging might also eat into your thermal
           | budget, meaning you'll need to spend more on cooling, weight
           | and size.
           | 
           | It's all tradeoffs. There is no free lunch.
        
           | xani_ wrote:
           | It's not EEs, it's beancounters, EE's are just paid to please
           | them. Just like developers really
        
         | sorenjan wrote:
         | Anker has a power bank with integrated charger[0], or charger
         | with built in power bank. Don't think it's made to be used as a
         | UPS, but maybe it can be.
         | 
         | > Inline USB ultracapacitor banks seem like a reasonable
         | product too though.
         | 
         | I actually saw just that in a GreatScott Youtube video about
         | Aliexpress gadgets just the other day[1]. Not sold as a UPS,
         | but rather a power filter or buffer.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B085CFD3Z9/
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/fUdlfc1nJcY?t=117
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | The ChugPlug saved my bacon more than once when stuck in the
           | desert at night a hundred miles from power around 2005:
           | https://www.ilounge.com/index.php/mac/entry/lenmar-chugplug
           | 
           | Weighed more than my MacBook, but indispensable. Too bad they
           | don't make them anymore.
        
             | wlesieutre wrote:
             | Laptops can run off of any USB-C power bank now, so it's no
             | surprise there's no market for something like this. Cool
             | product though!
             | 
             | It's on the line voltage side like any other UPS, so not as
             | efficient as you could be with a solution that didn't have
             | to convert AC to DC then back to AC then to DC again in the
             | brick. But with Apple's proprietary charging connector
             | soldered to the device end of the brick, what else can you
             | do about it?
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | My MacBook Air will happily draw 5w at 5V from a USB-A
               | power bank from years ago through the laptop's USB-C
               | connector.
               | 
               | In short, it will take whatever it can get and boost.
               | 
               | Kinda inefficient to run 2x boosts, but it does the job.
               | 
               | Will buy you time during use and slowly charge while
               | closed.
        
         | xani_ wrote:
         | > Hard to believe USB-PD upses aren't a common products.
         | 
         | Insanely easy to believe. The role of UPS is to prevent data
         | loss when power fails. If something is powered by USB-C it
         | almost always already have its own battery preventing from
         | that.
         | 
         | The only devices that are not are stuff like say, raspberry Pi
         | 
         | Also, there literally are devices like that, just aimed more at
         | stuff like camping, so much bigger battery, usually an inverter
         | on board and solar input.
         | 
         | > Hopefully USB will give us standards for power banks someday
         | so you can get certified ones with a defined form factor and
         | behavior.
         | 
         | If it will be like USB-PD then it will be insanely
         | overcomplicated and nobody will be able to get it right.
        
           | flutas wrote:
           | > The role of UPS is to prevent data loss when power fails.
           | If something is powered by USB-C it almost always already
           | have its own battery preventing from that.
           | 
           | That's a very narrow minded approach to both UPSs and items
           | using USB as their power plug imo.
           | 
           | A UPS isn't just "to prevent data loss when power fails."
           | It's also to keep critical (for home, not DC) things running
           | in the event of power outages. Current uses for USB-C power
           | banks as UPSs I have (or have recommended to friends) that
           | aren't "to prevent data loss".
           | 
           | - Power bank running as a UPS on (a few critical) wireless
           | security cameras (that use USB-C for power).
           | 
           | - Power bank running as a UPS on my cats water fountain (uses
           | USB for power), if the power goes out she still needs to
           | drink water, and I may not be home to put down a standard
           | bowl.
           | 
           | - Friend has a baby monitor and took my idea of using a USB
           | power bank as a battery backup on the camera and monitor so
           | that if his power goes out he can still keep tabs on his
           | child. (no sense waking her up to move her if he doesn't have
           | to)
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | There may be a market for an ATX USB-PD power supply. My
           | desktop has no spinning rust nor discrete video card. A 60
           | watt power supply could power it easily, especially if there
           | were a small lipo for the occasional burst.
        
           | moolcool wrote:
           | > Insanely easy to believe. The role of UPS is to prevent
           | data loss when power fails. If something is powered by USB-C
           | it almost always already have its own battery preventing from
           | that.
           | 
           | That's a moot point though, IMO. Like if you're travelling,
           | wouldn't it be nice if your charger and your battery bank
           | were the same device? Just because it doesn't have the same
           | specific utility as a UPS, doesn't mean that it's not useful
           | in other ways.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | > wouldn't it be nice if your charger and your battery bank
             | were the same device?
             | 
             | Like this?
             | 
             | https://www.anker.com/products/a1621
             | 
             | There's a lot of these devices. "Wall plug power bank"
             | worked as good keywords for me on Amazon.
             | 
             | These could still be different in operation than a UPS
             | though
        
               | dude3 wrote:
               | I tried this it does provide power like a ups but it cuts
               | out for a moment and restarts the device.
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | > The only devices that are not are stuff like say, raspberry
           | Pi
           | 
           | Or IP cams, I have some here that sounds really benefit but
           | I'm worried about the safety of a powerbank plugged in 24/7
           | that's not meant for it.
           | 
           | I could see it being a thing. A niche thing but a thing.
        
         | jacknews wrote:
         | Exactly, even 5000mah in your standard USB-PD 60w adapter would
         | be a huge boon, especially for laptops where the internal
         | battery has begun to fail and replacing the battery means
         | replacing half the laptop, app..cough..le
        
           | nicolaslem wrote:
           | > replacing the battery means replacing half the laptop,
           | app..cough..le
           | 
           | These kind of comments are surprisingly common on HN and
           | annoy me slightly.
           | 
           | Yes, most phones and laptops do not have user replaceable
           | batteries anymore. It's a pity. That does not mean a dead
           | battery is a justification to throw away fine equipment.
           | 
           | Any phone repair shop or computer shop can replace batteries.
           | They usually have all the equipment and spare parts, even
           | more so for popular Apple devices. It usually takes half an
           | hour and costs way less than replacing the whole device.
           | 
           | I always recommend that to friends and family because most of
           | them are not even aware this is possible. They usually thank
           | me later saying how painless and affordable it was to give a
           | second life to their devices.
        
           | snerbles wrote:
           | > where the internal battery has begun to fail
           | 
           | Assuming the default failure mode of the battery is degraded
           | capacity. Over the years I've had an alarming number of
           | lithium-polymer batteries puff out in consumer devices
           | ranging from my Dell XPS 13 (9343 model, battery was replaced
           | three times) to the Moto Z Play phone (dislocated the screen,
           | replaced twice by Asurion, third time they claimed it was a
           | warranty issue and played support tennis with Verizon) to an
           | iPod Touch (also popped the screen out).
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I just did a battery replacement on a 2017 MBP. While there
           | were a lot of screws needing to be removed and lots of
           | lifting/prying to get to cables, half the laptop did not need
           | to be replaced.
           | 
           | Now, if you said the keyboard...
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | The keyboard and the whole topcase if you do it the
             | official Apple way.
             | 
             | I can see how someone would call that half the laptop.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | >replacing the battery means replacing half the laptop
           | 
           | And that's assuming you can even find a decent replacement
           | battery.
        
       | dtx1 wrote:
       | If you are going to use lithium batteries for UPS purposes, you
       | should look into lifepo batteries. Much safer for that purpose
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | What makes them safer? Can you explain please?
        
           | dtx1 wrote:
           | They are in no particular order more resistant to under and
           | overvolting, much more cycle resistant, much more resistant
           | to storage under high charge level, much harder to get to
           | explode etc. For UPS purposes they are the correct choice all
           | around-
        
           | AzN1337c0d3r wrote:
           | Basically, they are much less likely to vent violently.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery.
           | ..
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | For some non-UPS but related use cases... I don't think it's
       | uninterrupted, but I use this Anker PowerCore Fusion III as my
       | main wallwart USB-C fast-charger, with the bonus that it also
       | keeps its own internal 5 Ah battery charged:
       | https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B085CFD3Z9/ Current model might
       | be: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01K702S66/
        
       | riobard wrote:
       | > To treat the cells well requires sacrificing some capacity to
       | reduce the voltage stress on the cells.
       | 
       | Battery-power devices like smartphones should have a mandatory
       | control of what percentage of battery it should be charged up to.
       | 
       | For Mac there's this nice utility AlDente
       | https://apphousekitchen.com
        
         | pitaj wrote:
         | I think this is a standard feature on Samsung phones, but I
         | really wish it was standard in Android.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | https://github.com/sriharshaarangi/BatteryChargeLimit seems
           | to work anywhere there's root access (though yes I absolutely
           | agree that it should be a standard part of the OS)
        
       | permo-w wrote:
       | >Herein lies the problem - just because you have _pass-through_
       | charging does not mean that your output is _uninterrupted_
       | 
       | the author says this as if the two are easily confused, when its
       | him that makes the association in the first place. why would you
       | assume this at all?
        
         | dividedbyzero wrote:
         | Knowing very very little about battery technology I wouldn't
         | expect an interruption when starting to charge a pass-through
         | power bank either. I'd expect charge controllers to handle this
         | seamlessly, like the ones I get on those microcontrollers that
         | support batteries out of the box (which are dirt cheap too), or
         | the one in my laptop, or the one in pretty much all other
         | battery-powered devices; those don't switch off when
         | connecting/disconnecting to/from mains power. If that's so
         | well-understood, why would a decent power bank not do this as
         | well?
         | 
         | Actually, my big Anker 521 (256Wh) does provide pretty much
         | uninterrupted power when connecting/disconnecting to/from
         | mains, though it did switch off randomly once after a few days.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | ZMI no20 claims to support uninterrupted UPS mode, but doesn't
       | seem to be available for purchase,
       | https://www.macworld.com/article/539605/zmi-powerpack-no-20-...
        
         | Snuupy wrote:
         | ZMI Ambi (10k mAh/18W) does as well. Likely discontinued and
         | replaced by a newer model now though. Perfect for a rpi UPS.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | My ZMI PowerPack 20k & 20k Pro's are still my daily drivers
         | (good for 45W/65W only, but fine for my use), but I did snag
         | one of these off the indiegogo (for the high-speed dual port
         | capability). I hadn't realized it has this uninterrupted
         | capability- awesome. I use USB-C to dc-barrel jack adapters,
         | and this it an makes an affordable, reasonable capacity UPS.
         | 
         | It seems to still be available on alibaba and ebay.
         | https://www.aliexpress.com/i/3256802290206038.html?gatewayAd...
         | 
         | It is truly excellent seeing battery packs with >1 input-output
         | USB-C port (100W and 45W combined).
        
       | roboben wrote:
       | Market gap! Someone should produce USB UPS for the raspberryPi
       | server setups of this world. I'd buy one!
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Not usb but mini UPS to keep your modem going is a common thing
         | in India nowadays given constant power interruptions.
         | 
         | Ironically I got mine before I learned of the power cuts in my
         | new home while building it. I was just merely thinking of edge
         | cases of how a smart thief could undo my security cameras and
         | figured cutting off the power would be one option I need to
         | prepare, so got this UPS to backup both the modems (and
         | redundant internet connections) and the home bridge for the
         | battery backup security cam.
        
         | crashingintoyou wrote:
         | Not really a market gap.
         | 
         | Hit Amazon.com and search for "raspberry pi UPS" and you'll
         | find plenty of options. Or more generically try search terms
         | like "mini ups" or "router ups" or "dc ups" - loads of options
         | at places like Aliexpress as well.
         | 
         | Here in South Africa with rolling blackouts happening fairly
         | regularly these days a lot of homes have something similar to
         | keep internet connectivity live when it happens, with a lot of
         | those options having USB outputs as well.
         | 
         | I'm currently using one of these to keep my pi 4 + hdd setup
         | online: https://acconet.net/product/ups-rp7500a/
        
           | roboben wrote:
           | This thing looks great, also given the PoE feature. How much
           | does it cost? I cannot seem to find it to buy
        
             | walterbell wrote:
             | Similar-ish PoE UPS for $55 USD,
             | https://www.amazon.com/Battery-Uninterruptible-
             | Security-1000...
        
             | exikyut wrote:
             | A cursory search of AliExpress found these potentially
             | interesting candidates:
             | 
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/1005003164049579.html,
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/1005004107179526.html (POE)
             | 
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/32964061367.html (wall wart
             | style)
             | 
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/1005003765804094.html (looks
             | like a power bank with always-on output like the article is
             | describing)
             | 
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/4001204992959.html (BYO 18650s
             | and enclosure)
             | 
             | https://aliexpress.com/item/32421259702.html (looks
             | interesting but sadly "dead", was cached in google search
             | results from however long ago)
        
         | dividedbyzero wrote:
         | Not quite that but I ordered an Eaton 3S 850, which is a beefy
         | power strip with built-in battery and looks like a decent
         | compromise for cases where you don't really need a huge noisy
         | rack-mounted UPS, but something that can do a bit more than
         | just a Raspberry Pi (i.e. several Pis plus the router).
        
           | roboben wrote:
           | That's my point. Why having all the setup (and size!) for
           | doing 110/220V when you just need it for 5V USB.
           | 
           | Still a nice option!
        
             | dividedbyzero wrote:
             | But would you only need 5V? DSLAMs here have an hour or so
             | of UPS capacity as well, so if the router stays up, so does
             | the internet connection, same with 4G/5G routers. Though I
             | guess a 5/12/24V DC mini-UPS would still be a lot easier
             | than actual 110/220V AC.
        
         | swores wrote:
         | Already exists, e.g. using the PiJuice HAT as explained here:
         | https://howchoo.com/pi/raspberry-pi-ups-uninterruptible-powe...
         | 
         | (Disclaimer: no experience myself, just remembered seeing
         | multiple HATs in this area in the past so did a quick search)
        
           | Ductapemaster wrote:
           | I used one of these for about a year on my PiHole, but
           | switched to a standard UPS because the hat's LiPo started
           | bulging from all the heat generated by the Pi's processor.
           | 
           | The hat is a great idea in principle, but because the battery
           | is sitting right on top of the processor, it doesn't stand a
           | chance given that lithium batteries are fairly temperature
           | sensitive.
           | 
           | I'd go with another option.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | Good to know, thanks!
        
           | roboben wrote:
           | A HAT seems to by way to complex and less flexible then a
           | small black box you can plug your USB charger in and a USB
           | cabel comes out
        
             | dicknuckle wrote:
             | Then you have a string of devices that need to be connected
             | together in a more n rigid fashion, either in separate
             | compartments of a bag or case with a USB cable between, or
             | strapped together with tape.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Really? I'd far rather have a UPS hat than another external
             | brick, assuming the hat provided passthru so it didn't
             | block the addition of further hats.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | And indeed that one does:
               | 
               | " _PiJuice will use up to just five of your GPIO pins
               | (just power and I2C), the rest are free to diversify your
               | project. The stacking header allows you to continue to
               | use your existing HATs and add-ons with PiJuice._ " from
               | https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pijuice-standard
               | 
               | But sure, some people/projects might prefer to shift the
               | hardware to not be attached to the Pi. I wouldn't be
               | surprised if you could find a product that does that too,
               | or at worst I presume a basic plastic box (there's
               | probably pre-made ones for the size of various Pi HATs?
               | and of course 3D printing) and some fairly simple DYI
               | wiring to connect the 5 pins through a cable wouldn't be
               | too tricky.
        
       | ryan-c wrote:
       | This exists, and has monitoring, but won't do USB-PD:
       | https://www.mini-box.com/OpenUPS
       | 
       | There are, however, USB-PD sources that can run from a fixed
       | voltage DC supply.
       | 
       | I would actually really like something like this that can fit in
       | my backpack with just shy of 100Wh (airline limit) of energy
       | storage, a retractable cable to plug into an outlet, and
       | monitoring via USB. In theory, I could build this myself around
       | OpenUPS, but sourcing a pack, retractable cable and suitable
       | enclosure is really annoying.
        
         | dividedbyzero wrote:
         | I'd also expect airport security to be quite a hassle with
         | (partially) homemade electronics containing large batteries.
        
           | brk wrote:
           | It is surprisingly not. I travel frequently with random ESP32
           | projects in various stages of looking highly suspicious and
           | never get hassled about them. 4oz of an unfinished bottle of
           | water though is absolutely not getting through security.
        
             | dividedbyzero wrote:
             | Do those have large li-ion batteries? Lets say you'd diy
             | your own charge controller, I could see that get treated
             | differently since you could cause a nasty fire that way.
        
               | brk wrote:
               | Not large, but they do often have some kind of battery.
        
           | bick_nyers wrote:
           | A nice 3D printed case and some fake branding would probably
           | minimize any possible hassle.
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | In London security will sometimes specifically ask if you
             | or anyone else has made repairs or modifications to any
             | electronics. Depending on how honestly you answer, this
             | could still be a hassle.
        
           | ryan-c wrote:
           | The secret is to travel with such a large quantity of
           | homemade electronics that you get classified as "harmless
           | nerd".
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | _> something like this that can fit in my backpack with just
         | shy of 100Wh_
         | 
         | This appears to fit the bill, if you can find it for sale,
         | https://www.macworld.com/article/539605/zmi-powerpack-no-20-...
         | & https://www.zmi.com/products/powerpack-
         | no-20-qb826g-25000-ma...
         | 
         |  _> 90 watt-hour (Wh)  / 25,000 milliampere-hour (mAh) battery.
         | USB-PD + UPS: 5V/3A, 9V/3A, 12V/3A, 15V/3A, 20V/5A 100W MAX _
        
       | joshspankit wrote:
       | Andreas Spiess (and community) have put a lot of work in to this
       | space as well. Feels like a good teamup.
        
       | DarthNebo wrote:
       | This is something one of my side projects aims to fix. Basically
       | make a programmable battery source out of 18650 cells, USB
       | Type-C, with automated charge & discharge control to keep it
       | between 30-80% for UPS or Solar augmented use cases
        
       | StuGoss wrote:
       | Wouldn't stringing two USB power banks together effectively be a
       | UPS for a Raspberry Pi?
        
         | avidiax wrote:
         | No, if they both have the cutout problem, they'll just cutout
         | in sequence.
         | 
         | You'd probably do better to have a supercapacitor or float
         | charge a battery with an amenable chemistry between the power
         | bank and the load.
        
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