[HN Gopher] Google's "million's of search results" are not being...
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       Google's "million's of search results" are not being served
        
       Author : vincent_s
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2022-10-03 12:15 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (serpapi.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (serpapi.com)
        
       | pilgrimfff wrote:
       | I was expecting the number of search results here to be much
       | higher - like who cares if Google only serves the first million
       | results out of a billion?
       | 
       | Very interesting to see that Google will only serve a few hundred
       | links when they claim to have hundreds of thousands of relevant
       | results indexed.
       | 
       | I'm very curious where Google is getting that count and why the
       | reality is so different. Systematic overcounting? Suppressing
       | hundreds of thousands of results?
        
         | yazaddaruvala wrote:
         | The problem is generally called "deep pagination". It's
         | extremely inefficient to compute.
         | 
         | Specifically, counting requires very low memory. When data is
         | spread across 10,000 computers, all of them counting returns
         | just 10,000 numbers i.e. 4 bytes * 10,000 = 40KB. It's easy for
         | 1 computer to count those 10,000. Even at 100,000 computers
         | 400KB.
         | 
         | Merging sorted search results is extremely memory intensive.
         | Even with just the Id+Score pair, let's say 8 bytes. To get the
         | 10,000th search result, each computer needs to create a List of
         | 10,000 results, thats 10,000 * 10,000 * 8 bytes = 800 MB. For
         | the 100,000th search result 10,000 * 100,000 * 8 bytes = 8 GB.
         | OR if your data grows to 100,000 computers, thats 100,000 *
         | 100,000 * 8 bytes = 80 GB of intermediate results to process at
         | the end.
         | 
         | As you can see this doesn't scale well. You're required to
         | retain context (i.e. sessions) of the search in memory instead,
         | and get the search engine to better coordinate across all
         | 100,000 computers. This also has scaling limitations based on
         | memory of the session, the number of computers, the number of
         | sessions, and their TTL (someone can leave the search page open
         | for day and hit "next page" - should the sessions still be
         | open? Thats an answer each search engine has to decide).
         | 
         | The reality is, if a customer wants deep pagination, they are
         | better suited to a full data dump (i.e. full table scan) or
         | using an async search API, rather than a sync search API.
        
           | generalizations wrote:
           | Well at that point, who really cares if the content of the
           | 1001s page is deterministic, or in perfect order? Get the
           | first 100 or so pages right, and thereafter just request the
           | nth results from each of those m computers. No merge and no
           | memory explosion, you'll just get them slightly out of order.
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | You still need to filter based on the other indexes. If you
             | search for [bitcoin mining] you don't want to find pages
             | related to coal mining. So this data still needs to be
             | joined.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | the search term for this is intersection. The posting
               | lists for the two terms are intersected, then the results
               | are ranked. But there are a lot more steps in a
               | production search engine.
               | 
               | The long and short of it is if you really want the full
               | results, just join google, join the search team, and then
               | get enough experience so that you can do full queries
               | over the docjoins directly. This was part of Norvig's
               | pitch to attract researchers a while ago. For a research
               | project, I built a regular expression that matched DNA
               | sequences and spat out the list of all pages containing
               | what looked like DNA and then annotated the pages so in
               | principle you could have done dna:<whatever sequence> but
               | obviously that was not a goal for the search team.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | I used to work at Google but not in search, these are just my
         | own guesses.
         | 
         | > where Google is getting that count
         | 
         | This is very likely a fairly accurate of the number of pages in
         | Google's index that "match" the search query. Basically exactly
         | what you would expect when you see the number.
         | 
         | > why the reality is so different
         | 
         | Cost reasons. Most search engines are more or less scanning
         | down a sorted list of pages. The further you need to scan the
         | more expensive it is. Just like running "OFFSET 1000" is
         | usually slow in SQL. At some point the quality of results is
         | generally very low and the cost is growing so it makes sense
         | overall for Google to just cut it off to prevent it becoming an
         | abuse vector (imagine just asking Google for the 10 millionth
         | page of results for "cat").
         | 
         | The fact that few people realize that Google has a page limit
         | shows how rarely people actually want more pages.
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | If you've ever read Larry Niven's Fleet of Worlds series,
           | there's a Bussard Ramjet with an AI programmed to hide any
           | information that could help a hostile enemy/force find their
           | way back to Earth.
           | 
           | A small cadre of humans who were raised by an Alien Race who
           | came across a human seed ship cross paths with this Ramjet,
           | and one of the protagonists realizes something is off when
           | they do a query on the size of presentable search results in
           | the astrographic/navigational dataset, and realizes that the
           | number of starmaps the AI will produce is far smaller than
           | the amount of space the system actually dedicates to storing
           | said maps.
           | 
           | Point being, you can't trust any system that restricts
           | results to a subset to _not_ actually being designed to leave
           | out results. and it furthermore makes a great, plausibly
           | deniable way to drop search results... Force ranking to
           | 10001+.
           | 
           | You'll forgive me, I'm sure, if I question a company well
           | known for cooperating with an anti-humanitarian regime
           | (Project Dragonfly) and that regularly black holes other
           | undesirable datapoints, of engaging in less than up front
           | search result presentation, I hope?
        
             | notriddle wrote:
             | This isn't the revelation you act like it is. Because of
             | course Google hides results. They don't pretend not to, and
             | they even inform webmasters when it happens. The Search
             | Console calls it a "Manual action" when they do so.
             | 
             | More importantly, the people asking for a "censorship-free
             | search engine" are expressing an incoherent desire. The
             | whole point of a search engine is to take the zillions of
             | web pages that have matching keywords, push the crap to the
             | bottom, and leave the gold on top. A system that does this
             | is inherently censorious. We're just quibbling over what
             | the criteria should be.
             | 
             | What our world lacks is a reasonably-quick way to hold
             | Google accountable when they fail to represent the
             | interests of the public who searches with them. The real-
             | world consenquences of their filtering decisions need to
             | filter back to the people making these decisions. Because
             | "just don't make any filtering decisions" isn't going to
             | result in a usable information retrieval system.
        
               | kevincox wrote:
               | > "censorship-free search engine" are expressing an
               | incoherent desire
               | 
               | That's not really true. `grep` is a censorship-free
               | search engine. It just reports every matching result.
               | 
               | Of course that wouldn't generally be useful over the web,
               | however even with sorting it is possible to be censorship
               | free. You just need to include every matching result
               | eventually.
               | 
               | Of course you would find that generating later pages
               | likely also becomes expensive, so you may also add a page
               | limit and ask the user to refine the query instead. Of
               | course then you are back to this problem of it can be
               | very difficult to find every result because you need to
               | guess what words are on the page.
               | 
               | But all of this is basically moot because Google doesn't
               | claim to be censorship-free so they have much simpler way
               | of hiding results.
        
               | notriddle wrote:
               | > even with sorting it is possible to be censorship free.
               | You just need to include every matching result eventually
               | 
               | Do you honestly think that the people who complain about
               | their favorite website being censored by Google would be
               | satisfied with showing up on page 200*? I wouldn't.
               | 
               | It's only "not censorship" in the same sense that having
               | your emails sent to the Spam folder isn't censorship. The
               | spam folder, and low-scoring SERP results, are so full of
               | items that every reasonable person acknowledges to be
               | crap that getting banished to that area is pretty much
               | equivalent to having someone blast your roadside protest
               | with strobe lights and a sonic cannon. Surrounding you
               | with so much garbage data that nobody can see or hear you
               | any more is only "not censorship" on the dumbest
               | technicality.
               | 
               | * Ignore, for sake of argument, the fact that page 200
               | won't even load in our universe. I'm imagining a parallel
               | world where Google pretends to be censorship-free because
               | they only push things far down in the results instead of
               | removing them entirely.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | "Do you honestly think that the people who complain about
               | their favorite website being censored by Google would be
               | satisfied with showing up on page 200*?"
               | 
               | My complaint has nothing to do with my favorite website.
               | My complaint has to do with not being able to discover
               | information and websites because Google won't allow me to
               | dig very far into their search results. They're spidering
               | the vast majority of the internet, and all I get are
               | crumbs.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | They're doing more than "push the crap to the bottom".
               | They're pushing the crap to the bottom and then limiting
               | how far you can dig into the pile. I am sometimes
               | interested in that crap.
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | I agree. If you really want to see every result for a topic
             | this system hurts you. However I think that use case is
             | vanishingly rare. Most users would be better served by
             | refining their query for what they are interested in than
             | paging through hundreds of pages of results.
             | 
             | Google isn't designed to be a archive of every webpage
             | matching a search result, it isn't what their
             | infrastructure is optimized for.
        
               | metabagel wrote:
               | "Google isn't designed to be a archive of every webpage
               | matching a search result, it isn't what their
               | infrastructure is optimized for."
               | 
               | I believe that's exactly what Google is. Limiting search
               | results probably has to do with being able to serve more
               | queries and respond quicker.
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | > The fact that few people realize that Google has a page
           | limit shows how rarely people actually want more pages.
           | 
           | I used to (years and years ago) go past the first page pretty
           | often, but results are so bad now that it rarely helps, so I
           | almost never even click "2", let alone later pages. It's all
           | gonna be obviously-irrelevant crap google "helpfully" found
           | for me or the auto-generated spam that google used to try to
           | fight (circa 2008 and earlier) but no longer seems to, just
           | letting it gunk up and dominate up any results you get that
           | aren't from a handful of top sites.
           | 
           | So this is _in part_ one of those  "we broke a thing and now
           | no-one uses it, guess they didn't want it!"
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | The thing has always been "broken". Google has had a page
             | limit for at least a decade.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | No, by "broken" I mean "let lazy auto-generated spam take
               | over the results almost completely". So now those of us
               | who _did_ used to browse past page one (which, to be
               | fair, may not have been many people) don 't bother
               | anymore.
               | 
               | [EDIT] For those who weren't around for it, Google used
               | to play cat-n-mouse with spam-site operators. It'd go
               | through cycles where results would slowly get worse, then
               | suddenly a ton better, though _never_ as bad as they are
               | today. Around  '08 or '09 they (evidently, I'm just
               | judging from the search engine's behavior starting around
               | then and continuing to this day) seemed to give up and
               | just boosted a relatively small set of sites way up the
               | results, abandoning the rest to the spammers.
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | Kagi has been working very well for me as an alternative
        
               | pbadams wrote:
               | Part of the difficulty is, if very few people are
               | browsing to page 2, deciding what to put on page 2
               | becomes harder and harder.
               | 
               | Google has a lot of user behavior signals to decide what
               | should be in results 1-10. Deciding if a page should be
               | ranked 20, 200, or 2000 without any user clicks to check
               | if you're right is really difficult.
               | 
               | I would bet that since 2008/9, the relative numbers of
               | spam site operators, Google engineers, second-page
               | searches have changed significantly.
        
             | samatman wrote:
             | I find search results are frequently even worse than this,
             | in that the first page will have nothing useful, with about
             | three good links split between the second and third page.
             | If I'm lucky.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | >The fact that few people realize that Google has a page
           | limit shows how rarely people actually want more pages.
           | 
           | the fact is I just want the long tail or weird results to
           | escape content farms, but I guess if it were possible for
           | google to serve those content farms would spring up to game
           | the long tail or weird results market.
        
             | bmicraft wrote:
             | Google tries to ignore them already, so the long tail is
             | probably littered with old and mitigated content farms
             | because they "match" but have a low page rank
        
       | RajT88 wrote:
       | Incidentally, conspiracy theorists have used this behavior as
       | evidence of the "Dead Internet" theory.
       | 
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/conspiracy/comments/xt8jzj/complete...
       | 
       | For those who are behind the times on the "Dead Internet" theory:
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/08/dead-...
        
       | evancox100 wrote:
       | It makes sense if you separate the indexing process from the
       | result ranking/retrieval process. Building up the index it has
       | encountered the word "dog" millions (billions?) of times, but the
       | Google search API's job is NOT to operate as a catalogue that
       | will list every single web page on the internet with the word
       | "dog". Instead its job is to show you what it thinks are the most
       | relevant dog results.
       | 
       | That said I think this could be communicated more clearly when
       | you get to the end of the results. The fact that the results
       | number _changes_ is an own goal that makes it seem like they have
       | something to hide. Instead it should just say "Google Search
       | shows a selection of the most relevant occurrences of your search
       | term. If you didn't find what you need, try XYZ."
        
       | spullara wrote:
       | These posts are just stupid. Search is for finding what you are
       | looking for. I feel like most of the posts in here think that it
       | should be for browsing content with the word in it. There is
       | nothing to see here.
        
         | sleepymoose wrote:
         | >Search is for finding what you are looking for.
         | 
         | And at that, it performs miserably.
        
         | kuschku wrote:
         | I want an index, like in a library, with the ability to filter
         | on it.
         | 
         | I want to know all content, add many different filters, sort by
         | different properties, and get all results.
         | 
         | Just like I'd do with an auto sort/filter table in excel
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Imagine believing there's a sensible discrimination between the
       | 200000th result and the 200001st result. The relative ranking
       | among the top results is supportable but below the top 10 and
       | especially the top 100 the relative ranking has no signal.
        
         | bitcurious wrote:
         | I might not be able to discern between the 1000 and 1001 but
         | there's no reason I can't discern between 1001 and 100001.
         | Things can be fuzzy nearby while still being coherent overall.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | I used to believe that, until I played https://semantle.com/.
        
       | lousken wrote:
       | yea, google has been terrible at this for a while now, the most
       | annoying thing is that you can't get to those results, i haven't
       | found a way which is quite frustrating if you can't find what
       | you're searching for in those few results
        
       | ValleZ wrote:
       | It shows not the number of shown results which is pretty much
       | same for any query, but number of all pages that contain the
       | keywords. It is not really feasible to rank and show millions of
       | pages, but is possible to do that for few hundred pages. This is
       | why search engines work fast.
        
       | gkoberger wrote:
       | I actually like this feature. I don't want to see the 1,000th
       | results (who would?), but it does help with perspective. If I'm
       | searching for something that should be common, having an order of
       | magnitude helps me realize I'm going in the wrong direction.
        
       | kweingar wrote:
       | I was curious, so I tried to do this with GitHub search.
       | 
       | The search "Golang" returns 225k+ repositories. Each page of
       | results has 10 repositories. I queried page 1000 to see the
       | 10001st-10010th results and got a 404.
       | 
       | I searched Wikipedia (using its own search page) for "America"
       | and was told there were 1.9M results. I requested the 10001st
       | result and it failed with this message:
       | 
       | "An error has occurred while searching: Could not retrieve
       | results. Up to 10000 search results are supported, but results
       | starting at 10000 were requested."
       | 
       | There was an HN thread along these lines about web search
       | somewhat recently, with people making confident accusations about
       | false advertising etc.
       | 
       | But it really seems that everyone does this. I don't know, maybe
       | it's still wrong or misleading.
       | 
       | But personally I'm ok knowing "there are X hits and we will serve
       | you some of them".
       | 
       | EDIT: I just searched the Library of Congress for "god" and was
       | told I was viewing results 1-25 of 324,782. Sure enough when I
       | asked for page 10,000 I was rebuffed. I really don't think this
       | is a Google thing
        
         | jaredsohn wrote:
         | Not sure what GitHub uses internally, but Elasticsearch has a
         | default limit of 10,000 records unless you update the index
         | with a parameter. I imagine a lot of apps have a limit for this
         | reason.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | I think if you jumped forward by tens, you might see some
         | results on some of those sites. Skipping forward in a search
         | index is exactly the same on the server side as moving
         | incrementally, and they likely didn't want to do 10000 pages
         | for one request.
        
         | alas44 wrote:
         | Mentioned previous related discussion is here
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32777737
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Library of congress is quite explicit about this on their first
         | search page, rather than showing an irrelevant number. So,
         | having limits isn't unusual, but not everyone is deceptive
         | about it.
         | 
         |  _You Searched: ALL: God
         | 
         | Your search retrieved more records than can be displayed. Only
         | the first 10,000 will be shown.
         | 
         | Titles List: 1-25 of 10000_
         | https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg=God&searchCod...
        
           | kweingar wrote:
           | I guess they have multiple search interfaces.
           | 
           | I navigated to loc.gov and searched directly from the home
           | page.
           | 
           | I was sent to this page:
           | https://www.loc.gov/search/?in=&q=god&new=true&st=
           | 
           | At the top, it says "Results 1-25 of 324,782" and does not
           | mention the limit of 10,000 anywhere.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Ahh, looks like the limit on results is 100,000 items on
             | that page. https://www.loc.gov/search/?q=god&sp=4000
             | 
             | But you can subdivide the search results by date and get
             | every item on your original list:
             | https://www.loc.gov/search/?dates=1890/1899&q=god&sp=1808
             | 
             | So, they have and can show you every single one of those
             | 324,782.
        
             | mattkrause wrote:
             | It does once you get to the 4,001st page of the results
             | (which is actually 100k items): "Sorry! We can't process
             | this request. This request exceeds the maximum search
             | results depth." The error page even includes a link to "LC
             | for Robots" (https://labs.loc.gov/lc-for-robots/), a list
             | of APIs, since few humans are going get that far on their
             | own.
             | 
             | The number here also seems less misleading because all
             | 324,782 results do seem to exist. It doesn't want to
             | generate a pagination for the entire set, but you could get
             | to them by choosing different formats, date ranges,
             | collections etc. The number Google repors, as far as I can
             | tell, needs to be taken on faith.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | So clearly as a society we've forgotten how to count
         | -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
         | throwawaylinux wrote:
         | > But personally I'm ok knowing "there are X hits and we will
         | serve you some of them".
         | 
         | That's not what it is, or at least that's not what they're
         | trying to convince people it is. Otherwise they wouldn't the
         | numbers on the last page.                   Page 21 of about
         | 16,890,000,000 results (0.82 seconds)         Page 22 of about
         | 214 results (0.95 seconds)
         | 
         | I don't think other companies doing the same thing make it okay
         | if it's not reasonably known puffery. That said I suppose it's
         | not false advertising because you're not buying a search.
        
         | taeric wrote:
         | It is easy to think that this is normal. And I can think of
         | many non crappy reasons that it became so.
         | 
         | That said, I do think it hinges on dishonest. Even if well
         | intended, there is absolutely no faith in thinking that there
         | were actually that many meaningful hits on any of these
         | searches. Nor is there really much gained by presenting such
         | large numbers.
         | 
         | I can almost buy that it is intended directionally to help
         | refine search terms. But, the numbers are so silly large that I
         | don't. Especially as there is no way to see the last results to
         | know exactly why they count as hits, but are not worth serving.
        
           | SR2Z wrote:
           | This reads more like a sign saying "over x customers served"
           | on a fast food restaurant. It doesn't really matter, nobody
           | will ever care about the accuracy of the information, but
           | it's a pride thing and makes a point about the establishment.
           | 
           | Obviously there aren't millions of meaningful hits on most
           | terms, but you don't need to go to page 10001 for that. You
           | can get to page 3 and know it for sure.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | I'd argue that, to a layman, if it is obvious that there
             | aren't that many meaningful hits, then there weren't that
             | many hits. :(
             | 
             | This does call back to the odd false confidence that our
             | industry bakes into the interview process. "Design a
             | realtime chat program that can notify any number of
             | followers that you posted and let them respond with sub
             | millisecond latency."
        
               | pitched wrote:
               | I can't push a single key in less than 20ms latency.
               | Those poor interviewees are building Twitter but for
               | bots. Unfortunately, that is probably a relevant skill...
        
           | mrazomor wrote:
           | The number of search results is plenty useful. Even for
           | grammar! If spell checker isn't of help, use Google and see
           | which option is more popular (I used to use it often when I
           | wrote more in my native language, which has a few
           | peculiarities). It can give valuable insight in popularity of
           | different things.
           | 
           | I do hold the number of results trustworthy (not exact, but a
           | good estimate). Having the index in the Inverted Index
           | format, and efficient joins (solved problem), it's just about
           | getting the size of the term list and summing over the
           | shards. Something that Google anyway has to do for the
           | regular retrieval.
        
           | zeven7 wrote:
           | If you look at the _number_ of results rather than the
           | results themselves, you clearly care about the number. The
           | number _is the information_. It can answer a question like:
           | How many books in the Library of Congress contain the word
           | "God"?[1]
           | 
           | Similarly whenever I've looked at the number of results in
           | Google it was to judge how common something is. For example,
           | if I want to know the most commonly used spelling between two
           | options, I Google both and check the number. That's what the
           | number is helpful for, and really the only thing it could be
           | helpful for. It is its own information.
           | 
           | [1] I know the question might need to be revised for the
           | number to reflect the answer accurately; you get the idea.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | But that number has no way of inspecting it to know what it
             | actually means. Is it including prefix searches? Suffix?
             | Whole word only? Possible misspellings? Acronyms?
             | Translations?
             | 
             | I get that it can be somewhat directional, but I question
             | that anyone is getting meaningful data out of it. :(
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | You can in some cases compare different keywords to each
               | other.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Also, some pages are mirrored all over the internet.
        
           | P5fRxh5kUvp2th wrote:
           | right, I would understand "found 10k results but can only
           | show the first 1k, please refine your search".
           | 
           | That's reasonable. But as you said, what they're doing now is
           | bordering on dishonest.
        
         | schroeding wrote:
         | > I queried page 1000 to see the 10001st-10010th results and
         | got a 404.
         | 
         | Yeah, the GitHub API also only serves 100 pages with 100
         | results each max. If you want more, you need to use dirty hacks
         | like slicing the search into blocks by sorting and filtering
         | based on the creation date or the number of stars of a repo.
         | 
         | Be careful though, in my experience the results are not
         | consistent anymore as soon as you enter low star or old
         | repository territory, probably depending on the actual API
         | server you hit, forcing you to query multiple times to really
         | get (hopefully) all results. :)
        
         | levkk wrote:
         | My guess is the estimate comes from term frequency index which
         | is pretty easy to build. Estimates of that can come from
         | HyperLogLog or similar.
         | 
         | Asking for page 10,000 is asking the search engine to search
         | and _rank_ 10,000 * 10 results and give you the last one.
         | That's very expensive and ultimately useless - search is about
         | finding what you're looking for on page 1, not on page 10,000
         | :)
         | 
         | So it is true that there are 225k+ repositories using Golang
         | (you can compute that with an index scan once a week), but
         | searching them is an entirely different problem.
        
           | phpthrowaway99 wrote:
           | If you search a famous name like Joe Biden or Donald Trump,
           | it might be useful to read the 10,000th thing written about
           | them, wouldn't it?
        
             | CrendKing wrote:
             | Like the others have said, Google wants you to refine your
             | search, rather than dump low quality results on you. You
             | don't have to agree with Google's rule by switching to
             | other search engines, but if you do use Google, abide to
             | that.
             | 
             | For instance, "Joe Biden foreign policy" instead of "Joe
             | Biden".
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | If they cannot give you the page results how can you trust
           | page 1 is better than page 34557
        
             | Version467 wrote:
             | Huh? It's a ranked retrieval model. Each result has scored
             | a little bit worse on their relevancy function than the one
             | above it.
             | 
             | To not trust that the results on page 1 are better than
             | those on page 34557 is the same as saying that their
             | ranking function does not work at all, which would mean
             | that it's at best as good as random chance. That's clearly
             | not the case, therefore I can trust that page 1 indeed has
             | more relevant results than page 34557.
             | 
             | With that said, Page 34557 doesn't exist. And that's fine.
             | The result count estimate is not based on the actual
             | ranking that has taken place (at least not directly). It
             | would be an absolute waste of resources to rank that many
             | results. If you cannot find what you're looking for on the
             | first page, then it's much easier to reformulate your
             | query. Easier for you because it gives you more control
             | over what you want your search results to be and easier for
             | google because it only needs to rank a couple hundred
             | results instead of a bajillion.
        
         | achillean wrote:
         | If you're using Elastic then it's inefficient and discouraged
         | to allow accessing random pages (ex. requesting page 100 before
         | having visited pages 1-99). I.e. this could be a technical
         | limitation and there aren't use-cases that require accessing
         | those pages arbitrarily. For Shodan, we allow random access for
         | the first 10 pages but if you want to go beyond that then you
         | need to go in order so we can use a search cursor on the
         | backend to more efficiently go through the results.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | From LOC website:
         | 
         | "Note about deep paging limitations
         | 
         | Due to the technical limitations of search engine technologies,
         | it is not recommended that users page through a large number of
         | result pages. If the number of result pages is excessive, it
         | will be better to use faceting or more specific search terms to
         | reduce the result set. Paging past the 100,000th item in a
         | search result is not supported at this time. In some searches,
         | responses may fail before 100,000 items."
         | 
         | https://www.loc.gov/apis/json-and-yaml/
         | 
         | This is what the OP states:
         | 
         | "A misconception regarding Google's search results is that all
         | of the results are being served to the user conducting that
         | particular search. Those 2 billion search results can't be
         | gotten through Google's pagination, and it seems that this
         | number is somewhat arbitrary to the search, or commonality of
         | the keyword."
         | 
         | That seems accurate. One cannot retrieve the full number of
         | results. The parent demonstrated this with some examples.^1
         | 
         | The pertinent question IMO is how many results can one
         | retrieve. As someone who started using www search engines in
         | 1993, that number keeps shrinking. IMO, this is a reflection of
         | companies like Google seeking to commercialise the web for
         | their own benefit. Google wants the web and paid advertisement
         | to be synonymous.
         | 
         | With Wikipedia or LOC, one can retrieve more results that one
         | can using Google. More importantly, the sorting order (ranking)
         | is different. Not sure about Wikipedia but no one uses "SEO"
         | for LOC. It is a curated collection, unlike the uwashed web. In
         | the pre-Google era, people would choose the name "Acme" for
         | their businesses so they could be listed first in the Yellow
         | Pages. Google does not allow alphabetical listing. The reader
         | should be able to figure out why. It's because the web is not
         | curated. It is not a library. Google is only interested in what
         | sells advertising.
         | 
         | Using Google from the command line (no cookies, no Javascript)
         | "golang" 457 results max        "god" 576 results max
         | "america" 448 results max
         | 
         | Those numbers are laughable if one sees Google as some kind of
         | "oracle" for open-ended questions, a gateway to the world's
         | information, or even to the contents of the www, as many seem
         | to do. It is not even close. It is a filter. The filter has a
         | purpose. The purpose is commercial.
         | 
         | Of course Google is useful but one is kidding themselves if
         | they believe Google is anything like a library. Libraries
         | (public, academic) generally do not subsist on selling
         | advertising services. Library websites and Google may use
         | computers and similar software that have limitations but that
         | does not mean they share the same principles. There is no
         | reason to believe LOC would not serve all www users with more
         | than 10000 results if the software allowed it. LOC is not
         | promoting some results over others based on commercial
         | objectives.
         | 
         | The parent may be referring to this recent HN comment allegedly
         | from a former Google employee:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32785079
         | 
         | Google fans are happy if the reader conflates (a) technical
         | limitations with (b) commercial objectives, e.g., "secret
         | algorithms" for ranking results. Anyone using computers and
         | software will be subject to (a) but not every entity using
         | computers and software to assist patrons with searching its
         | catalog (database) must engage in Google-like behaviour.
         | 
         | 1.
         | 
         | YMMV, but I found Github would only return 90 results max for
         | "golang" when searching from the command line (no cookies, no
         | Javascript).
         | 
         | Wikipedia caps results at 10000. This is stated on the website.
        
           | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
           | To see the Wikipedia statement
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?limit=500&offset=10000&.
           | ..
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _But it really seems that everyone does this_
         | 
         | If everyone lies, that doesn't make it right to lie, no matter
         | the technological barrier.
         | 
         | We should't accept and normalize this behavior. If a search
         | claims there are six million results, I should be able to see
         | any or all of those claimed.
         | 
         | If Google (and the others) can't let me see all the results, be
         | honest and tell me. "Google found 6,553,500 results. Showing
         | the 5,000 most relevant."
         | 
         | Google advertises that it has _x_ results, but there is no way
         | to know if that is true, or a lie.
         | 
         | Is it really so hard to not lie to your users?
        
           | kirbys-memeteam wrote:
        
           | rhdunn wrote:
           | The issue is that the number of results is often an estimate
           | for performance reasons. So the results should say something
           | like "around X results" or "approximately X results" to make
           | that clearer.
           | 
           | If Google or some other search-based service had to check
           | every document for a match to verify that the results were
           | accurate (to avoid false positives and negatives) then 1)
           | search would be slow; 2) it would be expensive; and 3) the
           | search couldn't handle many requests (as that would kill the
           | database server).
           | 
           | What search engines/databases tend to do is make use of fast
           | and efficient lookup tables or indices, then perform
           | operations on those results (such as joining between
           | different tables) depending on the particular search
           | terms/options (e.g. if you are searching for a specific
           | content type or timeframe).
           | 
           | There is a lot of complexity in making the numbers and
           | results both accurate and efficient.
        
       | bhartzer wrote:
       | What I have an issue with is that Google's numbers change if you
       | click on a few pages of results. Search for a keyword. Go to the
       | bottom and click on the last page of results. Then keep clicking
       | as deep as you can... notice that the number of results for that
       | keyword will change.
       | 
       | For one keyword search query, first it's 9,480, then 11,800 and
       | then 105. Changes if you click on the next page of results (page
       | 2, 3, 4, ... 10, etc.)
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | Has anybody noticed that a Duckduckgo search (at least with
       | infinite scroll) will serve you the same first page of search
       | results over and over again? I've been trying to figure out
       | whether that's a bug or if they're really fluffing one page into
       | the appearance of multiple pages.
       | 
       | I think the internet is closing up.
        
         | turminal wrote:
         | Maybe they used a char to store the array index and you hit an
         | integer overflow?
        
         | omega3 wrote:
         | I've noticed plenty of websites now do this.
        
         | 42365767567 wrote:
         | Same with Google Images. If you keep hitting more and more
         | results, it'll just recycle the top ones.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | How can it be anything but intentional to give you the same
           | image over and over again in an image search? That's not
           | something you could possibly miss when checking for the
           | quality of results.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | I can't even tell what this blog post is complaining about, it
       | seems so badly organized and written.
       | 
       | But it seems obvious that if "coffee" gives 2 billion results
       | that, no, you're not going to be able to browse to page
       | 187,398,384 to get those results. There's no use case for that
       | for any normal consumer (as opposed to competitor, researcher,
       | etc.). If you're capped at browsing the first 10 pages or
       | whatever, that's entirely reasonable.
       | 
       | > _A misconception regarding Google's search results is that all
       | of the results are being served to the user conducting that
       | particular search._
       | 
       | That misconception lies only with the author. Nobody's being
       | "served" 2 billion results, I don't even know what that would
       | mean. The number of results being reported is quite obviously in
       | order to allow users to judge the breadth of search queries. If
       | it says 2 billion, you might want to refine. If it says 15 and
       | they're all useless, go broader.
       | 
       | (It's useful for researching item popularity too, although that's
       | been superseded by Google Trends which is built specifically for
       | that.)
        
         | latexr wrote:
         | > I can't even tell what this blog post is complaining about
         | 
         | They're not complaining, they're advertising their own (paid)
         | service (which serves Google results programatically) while at
         | the same times being able to point to customers why they're
         | getting fewer results than a regular Google search (they
         | aren't, because Google's number doesn't reflect what you can
         | look at).
        
         | twblalock wrote:
         | Most people never go past page 1 of the results.
        
         | bitcurious wrote:
         | > If you're capped at browsing the first 10 pages or whatever,
         | that's entirely reasonable.
         | 
         | Not to me. I've tried a bunch of times to look for obscure shit
         | I've seen before (and know exists) but have bumped up against
         | the limit. This is especially annoying when the thing I'm
         | looking for vaguely sounds like a more popular topic, and so
         | the first 10 pages are just about the more popular version.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | If you can't find it after 10 pages (100 items) you likely
           | couldn't find it even after 100 (1,000 items). It's
           | diminishing returns, so more pages isn't the solution.
           | 
           | The solution to avoid the more popular version as much as
           | possible is to exclude keywords associated with it, and/or to
           | add required keywords associated only with the thing you're
           | looking for. Exact string matches ("go programming language"
           | rather than "go") help too.
        
             | mathaway wrote:
             | Any kind of news event can be repeated by dozens of
             | articles. It's a really absurd system and it also means you
             | can't easily find alternative perspectives on events.
             | 
             | Searching by date range doesn't work either since it brings
             | up current articles as well.
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | For many search terms the first few pages are nothing but
             | advertisement and sites gaming Google search. I'd love to
             | go beyond page 10. Not with Google, even if says "100k
             | results found". It just doesn't bring them money to link to
             | those pages
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Pre-Google, it was pretty common to have to dig several pages
           | into the results from early search engines to find what you
           | were looking for. Seems like we're just returning to the bad
           | old days.
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | I agree that it's very poorly written. The heading is
         | especially confusing, it took me a long time to understand that
         | "SerpAPI" was the search term, not a Google service. It is also
         | the name of the company he's promoting, which makes it even
         | more confusing.
         | 
         | But I don't agree that it's "obvious" that "you're not going to
         | be able to browse to page 187,398,384 to get those results. I
         | would argue that a search result is only a search result if you
         | can actually view it. If not, it's just a marketing, or
         | statistics.
        
         | okasaki wrote:
         | I don't think that's obvious at all. This first came up a while
         | ago here I think. Even after having the time to think about it,
         | it's still not obvious.
         | 
         | The search page for coffee says "Page 1 of about 3,600,000,000
         | results"
         | 
         | How are we to know that we can't load page 360,000,000? Maybe
         | it's obvious if you're familiar with search engine
         | internals/algorithms, which the vast majority of people won't
         | be.
        
         | admax88qqq wrote:
         | Feels like SEO blogspam trying to capitalize on Google's
         | currently negative public profile after the Stadia
         | cancellation, and general negative google sentiment.
         | 
         | Really easy to get clicks (and upvotes on HN apparently) by
         | complaining about literally anything Google related.
        
           | adamrezich wrote:
           | why do you think this? nothing in the article indicates this,
           | and Google's questionable search results (compared to what
           | they once were) has been a nearly constant topic of
           | discussion for years now
        
             | kweingar wrote:
             | I'm not conspiratorial about this, but I'm confident that
             | an article like "Google doesn't actually serve you all the
             | results" drives more clicks, engagement, and outrage than
             | "literally no sufficiently large search tool gives you all
             | the results, including Bing, DuckDuckGo, Wikipedia, GitHub,
             | the Library of Congress, etc."
        
             | admax88qqq wrote:
             | > Google's questionable search results
             | 
             | This is exactly my point. This article spends a thousand
             | words to say "google doesn't actually let you see every
             | result from the billions it claims to have."
             | 
             | Okay cool, I'm not gonna read a billion search results
             | anyways, that's why I ask google about a topic.
             | 
             | The writing is poor, the "findings" mundane, it's a
             | marketing fluff piece that tries to convince you there's a
             | problem and then plug their service as a means to solve it.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | I don't know where that quote is, but I remember reading one from
       | someone at The Google who, in response to a question about
       | DuckDuckGo, said something along the lines of "We're not
       | competing on search." Turns out what they were saying was pretty
       | truthful, assuming I'm not misremembering. Their "search", last I
       | looked, shoves a bunch of crap above the fold that aren't exactly
       | the _results_ per se. The actual results usually aren 't
       | plentiful like I remember them once being. YouTube search has
       | become astonishingly worse to such an extent that I get maybe 3
       | relevant results and the rest being videos I've already watched
       | or stuff I'm clearly not interested in.
        
       | the_third_wave wrote:
       | Try searching for "january 6" on bing for some insight in how
       | results are both manipulated as well as censored:
       | 
       | https://www.bing.com/search?q=january+6
       | 
       | Once you get past page 6 of the _96 200 000 results_ they keep on
       | repeating the same results, page after page, with either a
       | _Guardian_ ( _January 6 committee postpones Wednesday hearing
       | over ..._ ) or (every now and then) _Yahoo_ ( _Jan. 6 hearings to
       | resume following bombshell revelation about ..._ ) article on top
       | of the page. The rest of the page is largely identical, page upon
       | page until it comes to page 32 ( _307-316 of 96 200 000 results_
       | ). Whatever you tell it to do beyond that page it will always
       | serve page 32 with that _Guardian_ article on top and the other -
       | similarly slanted - results below it.
       | 
       | I don't know whether this is just another example of typical
       | Microsoft incompetence in that they make their meddling with the
       | results so incredibly obvious or whether they're just telling
       | visitors this is what they should read and nothing else but it
       | does show these search engines are as unreliable when it comes to
       | politically sensitive topics as e.g. Wikipedia is.
        
         | perryizgr8 wrote:
         | Really strange behavior. For me the pages seem to be all
         | identical after page 2.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | A note to the downvoters: realise what your knee-jerk reaction
         | to anything which criticises the culture of corporate
         | censorship will lead to. Are you _really_ sure that those
         | corporations will always be on _your_ (i.e. the
         | "progressive/liberal") side? It is a certainty that they will
         | not stay there since their incentives are profit maximisation.
         | Once the tide turns - as it seems to be turning already -
         | against the current "progressive" (which in reality is
         | regressive but that is besides the point) ideology they will
         | listen to the new leaders who are quite likely to be
         | adversarial to many of your standpoints.
         | 
         | What will you do if suddenly your "diversity" campaigns can
         | only be found in reference to whatever the "conservative" side
         | tends to ascribe to them? When your "pride" parades are only
         | found in reference to "perversity and blasphemy"? When your
         | "equity" concepts can only be found in reference to
         | "communism"? That is what will happen if this type of
         | censorship becomes the new norm.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | DDG draws at least the vast majority of its results from Bing,
         | and does the same thing. Also, all of their news results seem
         | to be links to MSN and Yahoo versions of stories that were
         | published on other websites.
         | 
         | I don't know that what you're seeing has anything to do with
         | politics. For example, I just searched for "dog food
         | nutrition," (https://duckduckgo.com/?q=dog+food+nutrition) and
         | 
         | https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/soy-in-dog-food-...
         | 
         | Was the 14th result, and also the 36th, 68th, and 87th. It is
         | also the 108th result, where it first starts topping the page,
         | and from then on it's at the top of the rest of the pages,
         | which are repetitions, so 128th, 148th, 168th, unto infinity.
         | 
         | I just counted this result because it was topping the repeated
         | page of results, but all of the other results were repeating
         | arbitrarily until it was down to the same 20 results repeating.
         | I'm tempted to sum the number of appearances of every result.
         | I'm not sure there are more than 40.
         | 
         | Why "dog food nutrition?" I figured there would be a lot of
         | hits. I was wrong.
         | 
         | -----
         | 
         | edit: https://www.bing.com/search?q=dog+food+nutrition
         | 
         | https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/soy-in-dog-food-...
         | 
         | 22nd result, 31st, 45th, 59th, 73rd, and plenty from there on
         | out.
         | 
         | https://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/can-dogs-eat-peaches
         | 
         | 10th result, 20th, 34th, 48th, 51st, 66th, 70th, 88th, 93rd...
         | 
         | ... and the pages start repeating from page 9 on with our old
         | friend "Soy in Dog Food?" on top.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | That is not how it is behaving at all for me
        
           | the_third_wave wrote:
           | What do you see for that query? Are you logged in? Which
           | country? Which browser?
           | 
           | Here: Not logged in, Sweden, Firefox on Linux/Firefox on
           | Android. Same results every time, on both platforms.
           | 
           | I took screenshots for pages 6-15, compare these to what you
           | see and let us know in what way your results are different:
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/QGT044T
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | With: https://www.bing.com/search?q=dog+food+nutrition
       | 
       | -----
       | 
       | https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/soy-in-dog-food-...
       | 
       | is the 22nd result, 31st, 45th, 59th, 73rd, and plenty from there
       | on out.
       | 
       | -----
       | 
       | https://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/can-dogs-eat-peaches
       | 
       | is the 10th result, 20th, 34th, 48th, 51st, 66th, 70th, 88th,
       | 93rd...
       | 
       | ... and the pages start repeating from page 9 on with the
       | previous "Soy in Dog Food?" on top.
       | 
       | -----
       | 
       | Have the search engines given up on search? Also, can they really
       | say they're being gamed if they're serving the same results up
       | multiple times? Seems more like they're picking winners.
       | 
       | This search is pretending like <40 results is hundreds of
       | results, and someone had to make the effort to make sure that the
       | same link wouldn't show up in the same page of results. That
       | strikes me as a deliberate falsification.
       | 
       | edit:
       | 
       | As far as I can tell from
       | 
       | https://www.google.com/search?q=dog+food+nutrition
       | 
       | it seems like google are doing a hell of a lot better. Google is
       | also banned from setting cookies or using localstorage on my
       | machine, so the result isn't search bubbled. Nothing about soy or
       | peaches, and no repeats are jumping out at me even 100 results
       | in.
        
       | tethys wrote:
       | Related comment from someone from Google from not too long ago:
       | 
       | > It's because the counts are very fast, rough estimates. And
       | when you go into additional pages, we start to refine them.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32354785
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | Isn't it great that google has got rid of so many bugs?
       | 
       | After all, more than 1 result is a bug:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeIIpLqsOe4
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | TL;DR: "You know that Google problem everyone knows about, how it
       | reports millions or even billions of 'results', but actually
       | serves a couple hundred at most? Well, shocker of shockers, it
       | turns out that the _API_ has the same problem! "
       | 
       | Google really needs to stop using the word 'result' for whatever
       | it supposedly denotes, which is probably something like the
       | estimated number of pages crawled by Google which contain hits
       | for those terms, the majority of which will not be a search
       | 'result' (something delivered by the search function) under any
       | circumstances.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | Google is hardly the only search engine which exhibits this
       | behaviour, and the information of _total possible matches_ is
       | useful --- it indicates a grossly generic search phrase --- even
       | where all results are not presented.
       | 
       | As I noted recently in a similar thread
       | (<https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32923468>, HN's search
       | through Algolia is similar.
       | 
       | An unqualified search reports (at this writing) somewhat north of
       | 30 million results (30,121,402). It will display only 34 pages'
       | worth of results, I believe 1,000 in total.
       | 
       | See:
       | <https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...>
       | Final page:
       | <https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=33&prefix=false&q...>
       | 
       | As discussed recently on HN, the match count is useful
       | information even where all matching results are not displayed as
       | it indicates whether or not a query is generic.
       | 
       | Contrast search:
       | <https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...>
       | (one result as of this writing).
       | 
       | I can understand some confusion on this point, but implying some
       | sort of gross fraud or deception suggests far more wrong with the
       | complainant, not their subject.
        
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       (page generated 2022-10-03 23:01 UTC)