[HN Gopher] Aristotle influenced the computer (2017)
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       Aristotle influenced the computer (2017)
        
       Author : conanxin
       Score  : 24 points
       Date   : 2022-10-01 01:04 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | ogogmad wrote:
       | My understanding is that Aristotelian logic could only operate
       | with statements of the form:                 - All x are y
       | - Some x are y       - Not all x are y       - No x are y
       | 
       | You could only substitute names for x and y, and there was no
       | recursion. As a result, you couldn't express gometric and number-
       | theoretic statements in this language.
       | 
       | The method of argumentation was syllogism, which is not much more
       | sophisticated than:                 All men are mortal. All
       | philosophers are men. So all philosophers are mortal.
       | 
       | This is limited compared to Natural Deduction. I thought it was
       | Stoic logic that was a lot closer to modern propositional logic.
       | There appear to be traces of predicate logic in the Aristotelian
       | system - making it original in a different way from the Stoic
       | system - but only slight ones because of the absence of
       | recursion.
       | 
       | I should say I haven't read the article. Busy.
        
         | fedeb95 wrote:
         | The article cites exactly the Aristotelian syllogism. I agree
         | the title is a bit clickbaity, but I found it well written and
         | explaining well how we got to computers since Greek times
        
         | macrolocal wrote:
         | Also, "all x are y" presupposes the existence of an x in
         | Aristotelian logic.
        
           | ogogmad wrote:
           | No. By "x" I mean some predicate. For instance, x is "men".
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | Stoic logic was much later than Aristotle.
         | 
         | The article traces the development of symbolic logic since
         | Aristotle, whose work is the oldest preserved in this domain,
         | through the time, until George Boole and Gottlob Frege in the
         | 19th century and Claude Shannon in the 20th century, when
         | logical operations became mapped to electrical circuits with
         | relays.
         | 
         | So it is right for any history of logic to start with
         | Aristotle. If there have been older treatises on logic, they
         | have been lost.
         | 
         | It is not surprising that the successors of Aristotle have made
         | some improvements upon his theory, it is more surprising that
         | the improvements were so few until the 19th century, despite
         | the fact that logic has been all the time an important object
         | of study for all cultivated people, being rightfully one of the
         | 3 branches of the trivium.
         | 
         | Of course a title about "How Aristotle has created the
         | computer" is completely wrong, because the creation of the
         | electronic computers had multiple equally important sources,
         | and the implementation of logic operations with relay circuits
         | was only one of those many sources. Those multiple sources had
         | separate histories that merged only around WW2, and some of
         | those histories had also stretched over several centuries. Of
         | equal importance for the genesis of the electronic computers
         | were the mechanical arithmetic calculating machines and the
         | electronic counters (invented in 1931 to count the pulses
         | produced by the detectors of cosmic rays or of nuclear
         | radiation).
        
           | ogogmad wrote:
           | > Stoic logic was much later than Aristotle.
           | 
           | I think it got lost and largely forgotten after the collapse
           | of the Western Roman Empire, while the Aristotelian system
           | got preserved. Amusingly enough, one 19th century philosopher
           | opined that Stoic logic was "dullness, triviality, and
           | scholastic quibbling" and he welcomed the fact that the works
           | of Chrysippus were no longer extant. See here:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoic_logic
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | I believe that the association of Stoic logic with Stoicism
             | might have been the cause for it being forgotten.
             | 
             | The early Christians viewed both Stoicism and Epicureanism
             | as competitors, so after they obtained the power in the
             | Roman Empire they have made efforts to discredit and
             | persecute anyone and anything associated with those 2
             | philosophies.
             | 
             | On the other hand, Aristotle and Plato were more distant in
             | the past and more disconnected from the then current
             | political issues, so they were not perceived as threats and
             | their study continued without impediments.
        
               | ogogmad wrote:
               | It's much more likely that preserving literature had
               | become less affordable following the collapse of the
               | Western Roman Empire. In the past, books were written on
               | perishable material, and needed to be copied down to
               | survive. The copying was tedious, labour-intensive, and
               | expensive. Without the Roman bureaucracy, I don't see how
               | many books could've survived. This is much more likely to
               | be the reason than some deliberate conspiracy be evil,
               | totalitarian Christians.
               | 
               | Blaming Christianity is lazy tripe. The Catholic and
               | Orthodox Churches actually helped to preserve a lot of
               | classical literature.
        
       | llaolleh wrote:
       | What a bottom tier article. Writing is all over the place.
       | 
       | Aristotle influenced the computer is like saying there is oxygen
       | in the air.
        
       | Joker_vD wrote:
       | I've read half of the article, and of course, the title is
       | sensationalizing: if anything, it was Leibniz with his "calculus
       | ratiocinator" who influenced the computer, not Aristotle.
        
       | taylorlapeyre wrote:
       | Confusing piece. By its logic, Aristotle also "influenced"
       | quantum physics. We all of course stand on the shoulders of
       | giants, but given the rate of development of computing in the
       | last 100 years, claiming that its ideas originated 2,300 years
       | ago doesn't contribute much to understanding of what is going on.
        
         | foysavas wrote:
         | Th article traces the development of computers back through the
         | development of symbolic logic.
         | 
         | It may seem silly to connect to such ancient history, but the
         | path from then to now has left a large backlog for future
         | technologists to resurface.
        
       | uwagar wrote:
       | if u look at any popular science book on almost any topic,
       | aristotle would have been the first to study that topic.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Hard to believe. The first to write down his thoughts on it,
         | maybe.
        
       | haspoken wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/QyBVJ
        
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