[HN Gopher] Europe braces for mobile network blackouts
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Europe braces for mobile network blackouts
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 159 points
       Date   : 2022-09-29 14:02 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | masswerk wrote:
       | Seeing `&` on a page like Reuters is quite a throwback to the
       | 1990s. There's actually something soothing about the imperfect
       | exposing the "stroke" of the underlying media. :-)
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | This won't happen - instead big users will be told to shut down
       | completely.
        
       | maxsilver wrote:
       | A typical cell tower uses 4kW to 5kW, sometimes less (at least in
       | the states). That's reasonably close to a standard home's central
       | air conditioner, or a home's electric stove/oven/range.
       | 
       | I'd be highly surprised if, of all possible things, _this_ is
       | where they want to cut to lower electricity usage.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be more about the power simply is gone as in that
         | portion of the grid is out? I don't think they run custom
         | circuits just for cell towers as that would be quite expensive,
         | 5G sucks a lot of power and I don't think the backup batteries
         | can last for days on end of a severe power outage.
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | Indeed, not particularly, but they will just lose power
         | together with the buildings around them.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Load shedding occurs in larger regions of the grid.
         | 
         | The utilities don't have the ability to turn specific sites on
         | and off at random throughout the day.
        
         | alex_duf wrote:
         | I think it's more about the cell towers being cut at the same
         | time as their local area.
         | 
         | Where it's easy to anticipate that hospitals/police
         | stations/fire birgades will need a special connection to the
         | grid, it probably was harder 20 years ago to realise the
         | numerous new cell towers also needed to be put on a separate
         | connection.
         | 
         | So they'll get cut at the same time as the companies and the
         | houses in the local area.
        
           | vladvasiliu wrote:
           | In France, the talks about the rolling blackouts were
           | acompanied by assurances that private homes wouldn't be
           | affected, only industries.
           | 
           | So they should have some kind of ability to target at least a
           | kind of user. I don't know if cell towers qualify as industry
           | or their own, separate kind.
           | 
           | There's also the fact that there has been a massive rollout
           | of connected meters, so, at least in theory, they could
           | target individual homes for the blackouts (I'm not saying
           | that would be useful in any way).
           | 
           | I don't know if other kinds of endpoints have similar kinds
           | of meters, but they could.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | > So they should have some kind of ability to target at
             | least a kind of user.
             | 
             | Industrial power is easier to separate because it is almost
             | always a separate grid region. There aren't many houses
             | built up against your local steel mill or refinery.
             | 
             | Cell towers are collocated with residential areas because
             | that's where the users are. The power for homes and cell
             | towers comes from the same source.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | Yes. But since power cuts shouldn't affect residential
               | areas, cell towers should also be safe.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | My understanding is that many have supplemental power options,
         | or at least the ability to be hooked up to a mobile one.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | I wouldn't worry about powering the cell tower itself, but
           | more about the backhaul infrastructure that it relies on. In
           | cities it relies on fiber that's often leased from various
           | providers and terminates at datacenters where it shares
           | switching equipment with a lot of other customers of the
           | provider & datacenter, so power can't effectively be
           | segregated. If that datacenter can't be kept powered (and
           | that will require _a lot_ of power), it doesn 't matter
           | whether the tower itself remains powered.
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | > A typical cell tower uses 4kW to 5kW
         | 
         | Just to give some perspective, that figure is less than 2 times
         | what a single Antminer S19 Pro Bitcoin mining appliance draws
         | (found by searching "most used bitcoin mining hardware").
         | Mining farms contain from hundreds to thousands of these
         | devices (search "antminer farm") kept on 24/7. Also, that model
         | is far from being the most power hungry. And no, they're not
         | only operating in poor countries where energy is cheap: all it
         | takes for whoever operates them is being able to profit more
         | than the cost of energy plus maintenance, no matter where.
         | 
         | Rationing power for cell towers would be pure idiocy that would
         | give nothing in return, while there are well known places where
         | lots of energy is wasted 24/7.
        
       | chriscappuccio wrote:
       | Lots of people here seem to echo the idea that there is a way to
       | prioritize cellular towers. That's up to whoever runs then. The
       | power goes off for everyone in the area. They need to have enough
       | batteries and generator capacity. Many sites have no generators
       | and battery capacity will vary. Some carriers try to have a week
       | or two of battery capacity but that isn't practical at small
       | sites. When power starts going off, the towers will be
       | prioritized through alternate power sources maintained by the
       | carriers or their contractors.
        
       | scifibestfi wrote:
       | This will be amazing advertising for Starlink.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | You should check out how much power the Starlink base station
         | requires. It's one of its main issues.
        
           | scifibestfi wrote:
           | You just need a phone and network that uses it.
           | 
           | https://www.t-mobile.com/news/un-carrier/t-mobile-takes-
           | cove...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | james_pm wrote:
             | And a few years until it actually exists.
             | 
             | "starting with a beta in select areas by the end of next
             | year after SpaceX's planned satellite launches". On Elon
             | time, that's 2025 and perhaps never.
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | This headline is awful. There's nothing specific to "mobile
       | networks" in this news at all. They're saying that there's a
       | potential energy crisis and that it might impact phones.
       | 
       | ...which is also just plain ridiculous! Phone service is a
       | critical piece of infrastructure and in almost all markets
       | subject to special treatment and provided with redundant power
       | mechanisms.
       | 
       | Lots of things may break this winter. Phones won't be one of
       | them.
        
       | doix wrote:
       | I've been in South Africa for the last month, which has had an
       | energy crisis since around 2007 and somehow they manage to keep
       | mobile networks up during load shedding. There are 2:30 hour
       | (sometimes 4:30 hour) blackouts daily and yet everything seems to
       | keep chugging along.
       | 
       | Mobile towers are probably have some of the highest
       | electricity:benefit ratios out there, it would be silly to not
       | prioritize them.
        
         | pram wrote:
         | The towers have battery backups usually.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | The less reliable the grid, the more backup power is planned
         | into infrastructure like cell towers.
         | 
         | In Europe the grid has historically been quite reliable, so
         | backup options are likely more limited at these sites.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | My wife is from SA. There, every supermarket and even smaller
           | stores have generators because blackouts are frequent.
           | 
           | A few years ago, we had a bigger 6h or so power outage, all
           | the stores had to throw tons of products away because there
           | was literally no redundant power supply at all. It was my 2nd
           | power outage in Germany in over 30 years.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | Yes: this is the same as when an inch of snow shuts down a
           | warm city and people from cold cities say "we handle worse
           | storms several times a month". People engineer for likely
           | conditions, and those aren't the same everywhere.
        
             | DoughnutHole wrote:
             | Hot weather too - runways were melting in the UK this year
             | in what would be regular summer temperatures in Arizona.
             | The engineers weren't feckless - few people plan for
             | conditions that literally haven't happened once in 200
             | years of records.
        
             | horsawlarway wrote:
             | Yup. And in most cases it simply doesn't make sense to
             | spend the capital on the preparations.
             | 
             | Ex: Atlanta gets roughly 2 inches of snow a year (usually
             | one or two minor snowfalls) and it's far cheaper to simply
             | shut down for a day when it happens than it is to have the
             | infrastructure in place to handle staying open.
             | 
             | Every 10 years or so we'll get a big snow, and be down for
             | a week (ex: 2014) and people will freak out - but on the
             | whole, still much cheaper to have that downtime than to be
             | exorbitantly over-prepared for situations that are rare and
             | not disastrous.
             | 
             | I suspect this will be the case for the mobile outage here
             | - on the whole, the circumstances causing the outage (lack
             | of power) is likely not recurring, and the costs of
             | weathering this outage with existing infra is much more
             | favorable than being over-prepared for blackout conditions
             | which are rare.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | As someone who lived there for awhile, was going to
               | mention Atlanta too. And I'd assume similar latitude
               | cities like Birmingham, Charlotte, and Dallas?
               | 
               | Cities operate with limited budgets. It does not make
               | financial sense to prepare for some relatively rare
               | events, versus allocating that money to better prepare
               | for likely events.
               | 
               | If Atlanta had a fleet of snowplows, they'd be unused 75%
               | of winters and used for only a couple days in 20%. Bad
               | investment.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | To be fair, if you experience blackouts that often your
         | infrastructure is probably prepared for it. Most of Europe
         | basically _never_ has blackouts, so why spend money on backup
         | batteries when they will be deprecated before they 'll even be
         | used once?
        
           | beached_whale wrote:
           | Canada/US learnt that lesson back in 2003 with the Northeast
           | Blackout. Generators on cell towers where not fueled and some
           | data centre's caught fire when the cooling went down but the
           | systems didn't. Lessons where learned. Cell infra is
           | strategic and should not be allowed to go down, everything
           | uses it and people will die if it goes down.
        
             | thanatos519 wrote:
             | Indeed! In Toronto, the cooling for 151 Front Street West
             | was grid-powered electric pumps pulling cold water from
             | deep in Lake Ontario... so despite all the fuel they had
             | ready to run the systems, they couldn't use it and had to
             | shut the building down.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | If everything is tied to the "same grid" you may not be able to
         | shut off only specific classes of customers.
         | 
         | If the grid is designed for unreliability, you probably have
         | the ability to order load sheds of various levels, so you can
         | cut power to houses without cutting streetlights and cell
         | towers.
         | 
         | Alternatively, you could have it built into smart meters.
        
         | ryanjshaw wrote:
         | It's unfortunately not that simple. I'm South African. We have
         | load shedding "stages", where each stage sheds 1GW from the
         | grid.
         | 
         | We were just at stage 6 recently, and this means there are days
         | with 1x2.5hr outages and 2x4.5hr outages, with maybe 2-3hrs
         | between these stages to recharge batteries. In my experience
         | the cellphone towers do not always have sufficient time to
         | recharge their batteries.
         | 
         | I live on an estate with a cellphone tower owned by the largest
         | network operator, and this is still an issue. SMS-based MFA
         | becomes a problem when this happens.
         | 
         | Interestingly, I have never once had a fibre outage through
         | years of load shedding. (I have battery backup for my fibre
         | CPE.) I can easily get 200mbps to a local DC while people
         | relying on 4G or 5G are completely cut off.
        
         | tapland wrote:
         | In Sweden we haven't separated their power supply from anything
         | else, so rolling blackouts will kill them as well. And the
         | blackouts are probably coming sooner than a fix can be in place
        
           | yobbo wrote:
           | There are different generations/eras of "towers". The ones
           | dating from NMT and the cold war have their own little
           | shrapnel-protected bunkers and most likely UPS:s.
           | 
           | The latest ones which hang on every roof in cities might be
           | turned off, but it just means phones scan until they find
           | 2G/3G signals.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | I remember in the several hour long power outage in
             | Southern Sweden in 2003 the GSM network was still up
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | I actually had a problem with Swedens approach a few years
           | ago.
           | 
           | The Swedish power grid is a single grid and the idea is: all
           | eggs in one basket, but pay close attention to the basket.
           | 
           | Unfortunately when it comes to datacenter designations, two
           | independent power feeds is required for tier 2 and above.
           | Excluding all datacenters in Sweden.
           | 
           | At least _some_ portions of Canada are also excluded because
           | they have rules that say that only hospitals are allowed to
           | have two independent power feeds. So Ubisofts Montreal
           | Datacenter is in the same building as a hospital...
        
             | Gud wrote:
             | What do you mean by independent power feeds?
             | 
             | If you mean fed by two different substations it's not a
             | problem in Sweden at all. Most(every station I've ever
             | worked in) medium/high voltage substations in Sweden are
             | fed by at least two separate lines. Same as any other
             | country I've built substations.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | That's interesting, we visited many datacenters across
               | Skane and none of them said anything higher than T2 is
               | possible due to the single power grid.
               | 
               | Does Bahnhof and Tele2 know about your stations?
        
               | Gud wrote:
               | Just curious what you mean by independent power feed. If
               | you mean fed by two separate power plants, you are right,
               | but I don't see how that would be possible in any
               | country.
               | 
               | My next work assignment literally starting in a week is
               | building a high voltage substation for a data
               | center(customer is well known on HN) so that's why I'm
               | curious
        
             | gerikson wrote:
             | How does that work in for example the US? The Texas grid is
             | separate from the rest of the continent, no?
        
               | lostapathy wrote:
               | You can connect to separate energy providers - such that
               | if one provider or their transmission infrastructure goes
               | down, you're still connected to and online with the other
               | provider.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | The "two separate flow" refers not the national/regional
               | grids but instead to the specific substations, the idea
               | being that if a substation was tripped (due to chance or
               | for maintenance) you can still get electricity from the
               | alternate route.
        
           | gerikson wrote:
           | Sweden is not on the same power network as most of the rest
           | of Europe.
           | 
           | It's a factor in the recent price spike - Swedish companies
           | are selling surplus power to Europe at the prices these are
           | prepared to pay.
        
             | yobbo wrote:
             | "Surplus power" is not accurate. It's more accurate to say
             | that the transfer cables are mostly at full load because
             | the European demand is so large. In effect, this means
             | European prices in Scandinavia.
        
       | scifibestfi wrote:
       | "Russia's decision to halt gas supplies via Europe's key supply
       | route in the wake of the Ukraine conflict has increased the
       | chances of power shortages."
       | 
       | Europe's decision, Germany especially, to be reliant on Russia
       | for energy when they could have not shut down nuclear plants and
       | built more.
        
         | j-pb wrote:
         | Thats a false dichotomy.
         | 
         | Germany was well on it's way to become entirely self sufficient
         | on renewables, until the conservative party which was in charge
         | for the last 20 years, sabotaged the entire effort.
         | 
         | The german energy industry calls this the "Altmaier"-Dip, named
         | after one of their politicians.
        
           | scifibestfi wrote:
           | No they were not. Their geolocation and battery technology
           | means it wasn't feasible regardless. It was sabotaged to
           | begin with. No other efforts needed.
           | 
           | https://zeihan.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/2020/03/13-globalwinds...
        
             | j-pb wrote:
             | Location? Germany has huge amounts of wind, especially in
             | offshore. Your own map even shows this. We also have plenty
             | of solar, enough that the conservatives introduced a solar
             | installation LIMIT to keep fossil fuel and nuclear
             | competitive.
             | 
             | As for storage, with large enough over-capacity it's really
             | easy to retrofit old coal plants to work off head
             | capacitors, and we have plenty of those.
             | 
             | It's just no good if there is no political will to do it.
             | And the "nuclear narrative" is one of the whataboutisms
             | together with "breakthrough hydrogen tech" to distract from
             | the solutions that are cheaply implementable today.
        
               | origin_path wrote:
               | The idea that this is just a matter of political will is
               | nonsensical in the extreme, it's impossible to understand
               | how anyone can believe this except via massive
               | propaganda. Here's a graph of German solar/wind power
               | production:
               | 
               | https://energy-
               | charts.info/charts/power/chart.htm?l=en&c=DE&...
               | 
               | Notice how it frequently drops to _near zero_. For
               | example the morning of the 22nd where total wind+solar
               | production in Germany was just 1.34 GW. Peak load in
               | Germany often reaches 65-70 GW.
               | 
               | The people saying renewables cannot work and power must
               | come from coal, gas or nuclear aren't evil conservatives,
               | they are rational people who understand what renewables
               | can and cannot do. The fact that the left systematically
               | refuses to accept this reality is now not only destroying
               | the European economy but flat out endangering lives. How
               | long must the rest of us put up with this sort of rampant
               | irrationality?
        
               | j-pb wrote:
               | You accuse other of irrationality, yet you prop up a
               | straw-man that's been debunked over and over again.
               | 
               | Nobody argues that renewables deliver peak power all of
               | the time. The goal is to have enough capacity and
               | intermediary storage to be able to deliver constant peak
               | power with both combined.
               | 
               | The current economic situation would be much better had
               | we spend all our money on renewables and storage instead
               | of nuclear and gas, which ultimately end up fueling the
               | very regimes that give us trouble e.g. saudi arabia,
               | iran, russia, instead conservatives implemented arbitrary
               | constraints like the solar cap and maximum wind farm
               | distance.
               | 
               | Solar is already the cheapest form of energy per watt
               | produced, investing into any other technology than the
               | cheapest and most sustainable one is what's irrational.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | there is no storage capability that would allow europe to
               | work on renewable it doesnt scale just look at how your
               | storage batteries are made! look ar how lithium is
               | harvested please...
        
               | j-pb wrote:
               | Theres plenty of other ways to store energy.
               | 
               | Insulated thermal for example is extremely cheap and can
               | be retrofitted to existing power plants. All you need is
               | a insulated steel vessel filled with something inert when
               | heated, e.g. sand. If you want to go real fancy you could
               | use quicklime, that could be used both as a bulk heat
               | store and additonally releases more energy in it's
               | hydration bonds than lithium ion batteries.
               | 
               | You can actually run a surprising amount of existing coal
               | plants on iron dust, which when burned becomes iron
               | oxide, which can then be recycled to metalic iron.
               | 
               | Northern germany has many salt caverns which can be used
               | as pressurised air storage.
               | 
               | Southern germany also has huge pumped hydro storage
               | potentials.
               | 
               | Batteries are one storage technology, there are plenty
               | others, far cheaper if you just want bulk and dont't care
               | about space.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | stingraycharles wrote:
           | Not trying to argue with you, just trying to understand as
           | someone from a neighboring country -- could you elaborate a
           | bit more about what happened with the Conservative Party
           | undermining the green energy effort? And how close would
           | Germany realistically have been to being completely self-
           | sufficient by now if that didn't happen?
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | Realistically: not close at all. But significantly less
             | close: in the last few years, German renewable buildup per
             | capita effectively collapsed. Expressed in _the most German
             | units imaginable_ , buildup dropped from "world champion"
             | to "failed to qualify for the tournament". Part of it is
             | certainly caused by running out of low-hanging fruits, but
             | yay can't be the only explanation.
        
             | throw827474737 wrote:
             | Blocking wind power and grid efforts everywhere, stopping
             | planned storage efforts, man we even shut down pump
             | storages etc over the last decades that would be so
             | necessary to have any chance to support and realize base
             | load with renewables. Right now we are shedding cheap bio
             | gas and wind power production again (and that given we
             | build up much too little as we could have) while the power
             | stock exchanges have fun gambling.
             | 
             | On top this constant nuclear narrative, which is not even
             | much significant for current power production, this is all
             | beyond any funny.
             | 
             | Google translate those for few alternstive povs:
             | 
             | https://www.klimareporter.de/strom/deutschland-fackelt-
             | gas-a...
             | 
             | https://www.makawind.de/index.php?show=news
             | 
             | https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pumpspeicherkraft
             | w...
        
               | chess_buster wrote:
               | Oh yeah, I forgot. All of that, too.
               | 
               | And this is the look of the politician in question https:
               | //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Peter_Al...
        
             | chess_buster wrote:
             | Many things:
             | 
             | * Blocked Biogas by imposing a limit on installed capacity
             | 
             | * blocked solar by imposing a limit on yearly added
             | installed capacity (1GW)
             | 
             | * introduced the so called EEG-Umlage that made storage
             | technologies unprofitable when used to store renewable
             | energy
             | 
             | * introduced a shitshow of bureaucracy to prevent new solar
             | and wind projects from coming online
             | 
             | * introduced another shitshow of bureaucracy to prevent new
             | solar and wind projects from coming online on top of the
             | existing shitshow
             | 
             | * undermine EU law by just not implementing it, for example
             | regarding neighbours giving energy to each other
             | 
             | * introduced redicoulus "Abstandsregeln"/distance
             | regulations, so for example open pit mines that use
             | demolitions have an allowed min distance of 300m and
             | windfarms 1000m
             | 
             | * When China poured billions into the companies forming
             | China's solar industry, while German's companies had no
             | help with their investments and funding
             | 
             | the list goes on and on and on and on...
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | They also proactively chose in the wake of the 2003 invasion of
         | Iraq to avoid importing more natural from the US. Schroeder and
         | co wanted to reconnect Western Europe to Russia and avoid any
         | dependence on the U.S. I think we now all see who the more
         | reliable partner for Western Europe has been.
         | 
         | [edit] if you're going to disagree, I'd be interested to hear
         | your specific objections. The shift away from US natural gas is
         | well documented.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | LNG is more expensive than Russian gas so it makes or made
           | economic sense to do that.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | > LNG is more expensive than Russian gas so it makes or
             | made economic sense to do that.
             | 
             | It only made sense if one pretends that Russia is not
             | Russia.
             | 
             | To get there you'd have to forget to take into account all
             | of the factors, namely that Russia's culture will always
             | bring it back to trying to conquer its smaller/weaker
             | neighbors.
             | 
             | Risk is a factor when considering economic security.
             | Whether something makes economic sense must include that
             | factor or it's a garbage calculation. The EU widely ignored
             | this obvious risk regarding Russia. It has been obvious
             | what Putin was for at least 15-20 years. And anybody that
             | missed it after 2014 is an outright fool. I remember
             | reading about his moves to strip the Russians of human
             | rights in the early days of his reign and it was quite
             | clear what he was doing and what direction he was going
             | (standard Russian authoritarian), all of this is the
             | natural culmination. I don't believe the EU was taken by
             | surprise by Putin's choices, they merely wanted their cake
             | and wanted to eat it too (for as long as possible), which
             | is pretty typical behavior. Now they get to pay for that
             | willful mistake.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Does it make sense now that the pipeline is shut down and
             | Russia is in conflict indirectly with Western Europe?
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | Hindsight is 20/20. There were plenty of reasons to be
               | skeptical that russia would turn off the tap. There's
               | always counterparty risk when importing things, the US
               | could also decide to cut europe off from LNG if they
               | wanted.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | The US has been a stable ally since the end of WWII and
               | really prior for countries other than Germany. It's also
               | quite hard for a president to just unilaterally suspend
               | trade. US sanctions require acts of congress, and it
               | would be hard to get an anti European majority in the
               | senate. So no, there was never any risk of the US
               | suspending trade.
               | 
               | Meanwhile Russian has almost always been hostile to or at
               | least in competition with Western Europe. Moreover
               | Russia's Duma follows Putin's lead.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | Russia has only turned off the tap after Europe had
               | already turned off every possible economical tap flowing
               | in the direction of Russia, so in a sense, Europe did it
               | all by itself. Sure, it's the right thing to do for
               | Europe as no one want to help Russia sponsor the war on
               | Ukraine... but that doesn't change the fact that Russia
               | wouldn't just turn off the tap without Europe turning
               | highly hostile to it and basically leaving Russia no
               | option (it's costing much more to Russia than to Europe).
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | This is not true, Russia started reducing output last
               | summer. Before their invasion of Ukraine.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | They spent billions to create the second pipeline to
               | *increase* exports... are you trying to say they didn't
               | have interest in increasing output? Why?!
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | At this point it is obvious that their occupation of
               | Ukraine outweighs the $11 billion cost of the new
               | pipeline. That's just the total cost by the way, not who
               | paid what exactly.
        
               | Ambolia wrote:
               | LNG is expensive because you have to outbid the global
               | market to get it. It would have been expensive and
               | damaged the German industry 5 years ago as well. Maybe it
               | would have been better to do it at their pace, but it's
               | not like sacrificing cheap energy and natural resources
               | is an easy step to take.
        
           | DenisM wrote:
           | I'd be interested to see that documentation if you have it
           | handy.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Sadly I'm on my phone and some stuff I want is locked up in
             | Jstor , but look into the France-Germany-Russia troika in
             | the run up to the 2003 invasion. Schroeder was pushing a
             | bigger gas deal with Russia at the time and selling it on
             | the basis of European independence.
        
           | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
           | The difference is that when the US invaded Iraq, Germany
           | complained a bit but didn't do much else, but when Russia
           | invaded the Ukraine, Germany decided to cut Russia off
           | economically. The reason why the US is a "reliable partner"
           | is that German politics is willing to accept American wars.
           | And before we hear any cries of, "Iraq was different," recall
           | that it was an illegal war of aggression that caused the
           | deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, led to large scale
           | torture, and generally caused a monumental societal collapse
           | in Iraq.
        
             | ramesh31 wrote:
             | >And before we hear any cries of, "Iraq was different,"
             | recall that it was an illegal war of aggression that caused
             | the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, led to large
             | scale torture, and generally caused a monumental societal
             | collapse in Iraq.
             | 
             | I've been trying to come to terms with this since the
             | invasion of Ukraine. Yes, the details on the ground are
             | significantly different. But it doesn't change the legal
             | reality of what occurred. I've come to the same conclusion
             | about Iraq recently.
             | 
             | I was an 18 year old US Army infantryman getting ready to
             | deploy to Iraq in 2007. I made the decision back then to
             | not go, because ultimately something just felt completely
             | wrong about it during training. The guilt around that had
             | haunted me ever since. It wasn't until this year that I
             | understood clearly what I did was the right decision, and
             | felt vindicated. The entire last 20 years, our country has
             | been engaged in global terrorism led by the neo-con hawks
             | like Rove, Rumsfeld, and Bolton. It's sickening to truly
             | realize and accept the horrible things we did, but I am
             | forever grateful for having refused to take part.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | You'd definitely made the right decision for yourself,
               | and possibly in the general case.
               | 
               | I'd add that while the bursts of hawkishness in US
               | foreign policy are awful, they pale in comparison to the
               | barbarism of other past powers or modern regional powers.
               | That isn't meant to excuse anything, but look at the
               | Russian invasion and the intentional atrocities being
               | committed. Compare that to the invasion of Iraq and I
               | think any honest reading will reflect governments and
               | societies with very different values.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | I cannot see how one can claim that the US invasion of
               | Iraq was less barbaric than the Russian invasion of the
               | Ukraine.
               | 
               | First of all, hundreds of thousands of Iraqis died. The
               | US practiced torture, as we all found out when the
               | pictures of Abu Ghraib came out. The US worked with
               | Shiite militias that conducted ethnic cleansing and
               | torture on a massive scale. The US put down uprisings in
               | places like Sadr City, Najaf and Fallujah with full urban
               | ground invasions. As a result of the invasion, Baghdad
               | turned into a warzone for years, and the city's
               | religiously mixed neighborhoods were ethnically cleansed
               | (or however you refer to its religious equivalent). Iraq
               | became a byword for failed state.
               | 
               | Finally, I would tell anyone who talks about "values" to
               | take a look at the "Collateral Murder" video, in which
               | helicopter pilots crack jokes while shooting explosive
               | rounds into the windshield of a van full of children.[0]
               | Only two people have gone to jail for that: the soldier
               | who leaked the video (Manning) and the guy who published
               | it (Assange).
               | 
               | 0. https://youtu.be/zYTxuW2vmzk
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > I cannot see how one can claim that the US invasion of
               | Iraq was less barbaric than the Russian invasion of the
               | Ukraine. First of all, _hundreds of thousands of Iraqis
               | died._
               | 
               | >> Estimates of the total number of Iraqi war-related
               | deaths are highly disputed. According to Keith Krause of
               | the Graduate Institute of International and Development
               | Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, "the consensus seems to be
               | that around 150,000 people died violently as a result of
               | the fighting between 2003 and 2006."[1]
               | 
               | I am in no way attempting to justify or defend the Iraq
               | War, which I and many believe was both illegal and a
               | Republican political gambit to stay in power by
               | heartlessly leveraging outrage from the 9/11 attacks. I
               | think one can make the argument that both the wars in
               | Iraq and Ukraine were invalidly justified using
               | manufactured and outright false intelligence. But while
               | yours and other comments above are searing, astute and
               | poignant, in essence both it and previous opposing and
               | supporting comments are tu quoque arguments.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_
               | War#Tot...
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Estimates of total deaths in Iraq due to the war
               | generally come up with a figure of several hundred
               | thousand. You can look at the page you linked to for
               | examples of these studies.
               | 
               | Iraq Body Count tracked 120k individually verifiable
               | civilian deaths in Iraq through 2011 (a figure that has
               | increased significantly since, due to the rise of ISIS,
               | which was a side-effect of the Iraq War). But in a war
               | zone, many (maybe even most) deaths go unrecorded. If you
               | use survey methods (going random homes to ask for death
               | certificates) to try to get a statistical estimate of the
               | number of deaths, you find a number that is a factor of a
               | few higher, as several studies in Iraq have shown.
        
             | hnhg wrote:
             | I'd add to the list: indirectly creating ISIS, enabling an
             | enormous amounts of ethnic cleaning/genocide of minorities,
             | allowing a takeover of the country by Iran and related
             | militias, and hosing down the place with depleted uranium:
             | https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/09/21/new-study-
             | do...
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | That has nothing to do with my original comment. As a
               | response to the Iraq war, pivoting to Russia as an energy
               | supplier now looks foolish.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | There was no turn to Russia, the USSR was a reliable gas
               | supplier since the 60s and all the way through the Cold
               | War...
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | My point is that Germany chose further reliance on Russian
             | gas as a response to the Iraq war, they didn't just
             | complain. Making that choice looks pretty naive in
             | hindsight.
             | 
             | I'm not here to justify the Iraq war, and no good faith
             | reading of my post would suggest that.
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Germany imported Russian gas because it was cheap.
               | 
               | It had nothing to do with the Iraq War. If you look at a
               | graph of German natural gas imports from Russia by year,
               | you will not see any major changes after 2003. Imports
               | from Russia (back then, the USSR) reached 50% of total
               | imports in the 1980s, and flatlined after that.[0]
               | 
               | 0. https://rujec.org/article/55478/zoom/fig/11/
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Don't confuse the meme of Germany's "dependence" on
               | Russian gas being "the root" of yhe current "evil
               | inflation" with facts. Not to mention that regardless of
               | all other sanctions, following a war _Russia_ started,
               | the EU, and the West in general, excluded energy. This
               | left a door open for Russia, it also allowed to mitigate
               | the energy markets problems we currently see. Heck, both
               | sides did their best to prevent damage to the gas
               | pipelines in Ukraine. It was Russia, more precisely
               | _Putin_ , that closed that door and caused the
               | clusterfuck on energy markets.
               | 
               | I say energy markets, because global availability of gas
               | doesn't seem to be an issue, prices are. Gas shortages
               | have nothing to do with crazy electricity prices lately.
               | And even then there were no shortages or blackouts
               | anywhere in Europe so far. Energy prices did hurt
               | industry and drove inlfatuon, sure, but this is a global
               | issue not sole caused by the war in Ukraine, COVID,
               | Chinese lockdows and the chip shortage all played a role
               | in that. As did the constant injection of money into the
               | global economy since 2008.
        
             | megous wrote:
             | > but when Russia invaded the Ukraine, Germany decided to
             | cut Russia off economically.
             | 
             | Yeah, 8 years after invasion, maybe.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | It's upsetting that so many here want to take a genuine (and
         | very scary) international crisis and use it to flog their own
         | personal peeves.
         | 
         | Needless to say, "German energy policy of the last two decades"
         | and "Let's Invade Ukraine and Blackmail Europe!" _are different
         | decisions_ , and subject to different analysis. You can have
         | reasonable opinions about both, but if your opposition to
         | Russian adventurism and brinksmanship[1] is grounded only on
         | your support for the German nuclear industry, I think you're
         | not helping the discourse.
         | 
         | [1] It's looking increasingly likely that they blew up
         | Nordstream, which is _dangerously_ close to an act of war
         | against other nuclear powers.
        
           | UnFleshedOne wrote:
           | > "German energy policy of the last two decades" and "Let's
           | Invade Ukraine and Blackmail Europe!"
           | 
           | There is a good argument that those two are related. Energy
           | is a weapon of war for russia, and it works best when there
           | is a dependency on it. A lot of money flows towards
           | increasing that dependency, including towards advocacy groups
           | with irrational stance against nuclear.
        
           | rkachowski wrote:
           | There is of course nuance required, but it's already
           | acknowledged inside and out of Germany that the dependency on
           | Russian gas / nordstream had an effect in bankrolling the
           | aggression against Ukraine. Zelenskyy himself addressed the
           | Bundestag and said as much.
           | 
           | > Why is this possible? When we told you that Nord Stream was
           | a weapon and a preparation for a great war, we heard in
           | response that it was an economy after all. Economy. Economy.
           | But it was cement for a new wall. [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/promova-prezidenta-
           | ukra...
        
           | m348e912 wrote:
           | Honest question. How did you get to the logical conclusion
           | that Russia is the most likely party that bombed Nordstream?
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | To me it's completely obvious - Poland and its 50 million
             | citizens depend on the Norway->Poland gas pipeline for
             | having any gas this winter at all. Blowing up Nordstream is
             | clearly a signal from Russia that if we don't stop pushing
             | back on Ukraine, then that pipeline is next to go. That's
             | how I read it anyway.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | To me, it's completely obvious the truth is the exact
               | opposite. I feel like only someone who is no longer
               | thinking rationally can claim that Russia would blow up
               | their own pipeline and make it impossible, even after
               | hostilities cease (yes, they will cease one day, they
               | always do... or are you still hostile to Germany?), to
               | get billions and billions of easy Euro flowing down on
               | its coffers.
               | 
               | If you know history you should understand that a "small"
               | even like this, in a highly volatile situation like we
               | have now, could easily trigger an irrational war no one
               | can win to start. I would think that Putin knows that
               | very well, so it's not imaginable to me that he would
               | risk.
               | 
               | Could someone who feels so strongly against Russia, given
               | all the news we're being fed daily in the West, actually
               | want NATO to enter this conflict directly to finally
               | "destroy" the enemy (which seems to be the only thing
               | that will make Putin give up on Ukraine's East)?? I feel
               | like, given responses like yours, that's exactly what's
               | going on. You believe Putin is so murderous that he would
               | just blow up one of his country's main sources of income,
               | which he supported (against American strong opposition)
               | for so many years, just "to send a signal" he will blow
               | up Poland's main source of energy if the West doesn't
               | back off... I can totally see someone who believes that
               | also believes the only acceptable thing to do right now
               | is to start a full scale war against Russia.... which
               | would be so disastrous to humanity that, once we look
               | back before that happened, we will wish we had just had
               | the balls to freaking sit down with the Devil himself and
               | have a talk and resolve our issues if that would've
               | prevented Armagedon.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > If you know history you should understand that a
               | "small" even like this, in a highly volatile situation
               | like we have now, could easily trigger an irrational war
               | no one can win to start. I would think that Putin knows
               | that very well
               | 
               | Isn't the very existence of a ground war in Ukraine clear
               | evidence that Putin does _not_ "know that very well"?
               | Your point seems to be "Putin clearly won't escalate
               | because he already escalated". That seems poorly
               | grounded.
               | 
               | And in any case the logic seems generic anyway; you can
               | make that argument about literally any theory about "Who
               | Blew Up Nordstream?". If you think Putin is risk-averse,
               | why do you think western governments aren't? You really
               | think Biden is going rogue over this but you... trust
               | Putin to be a steady hand at the tiller?
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | Russia made it clear since the 1990's that if Ukraine
               | ever tried to go the NATO way, they would intervene...
               | this war was a long time coming.
               | 
               | Now, you can't compare invading Ukraine, right on
               | Russia's backyard, with invading or attacking a NATO
               | country (or its supplies in this case, which has the same
               | effect).
               | 
               | My argument was not the Biden did it :D is that really
               | what you read from what I wrote?? My argument is that
               | someone in the West (or just on Ukraine's side), not
               | thinking rationally anymore, may have been responsible.
               | That's the only thing that fits with all we know so far -
               | lots of people in the West see Putin as the new Hitler...
               | would you do everything in your power to stop Hitler if
               | you were in a position you believed you could?
               | 
               | If you believe only a Government has the capability to do
               | such thing... then it's not so difficult to find one that
               | would be "desperate" enough. Ukraine itself seems to be
               | the one who would most benefit from NATO entering the
               | war, right? But would they really risk getting caught and
               | losing the trust of NATO? I don't know, but when your
               | country is half in ruins you may not think straight
               | anymore.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | I mean, the problem here is that you basically assumed
               | what my position is and then argued against it, but it
               | isn't based on anything that I have said so far.
               | 
               | The only point I want to address is that I really don't
               | believe Putin is acting rationally in this war. Nothing
               | he has done has been rational. If he cared about the
               | billions of euro flowing through those pipes, he simply
               | wouldn't have attacked Ukraine in the first place.
               | Judging him by what he's done in the past is pointless -
               | he has congratulated and praised Zelensky when he was
               | elected, now suddenly the guy is a fascist neo-nazi?
               | Putin has military objectives and he won't stop until he
               | achieves them. I wouldn't support an all our NATO Vs
               | Russia war, but I do think that Putin shouldn't be
               | allowed to annex parts of Ukraine just because he wants
               | to - because yes, as a Polish man that triggers a very
               | deep response, response that tells me that at some point,
               | maybe not now but at some point, he will come and just
               | declare that portions of Poland are now Russian. The
               | comparison to Germany isn't really relevant here because
               | Germany isn't attacking its neighbours currently like
               | Russia is - but if it was I'd feel the same for very
               | similar reasons.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | If you claim that Putin isn't rational then you can claim
               | that he is liable to do anything and everything since his
               | actions don't make sense. Hence the obvious question: why
               | would one theory be more likely than any other?
               | 
               | You yourself haven't given any rational reasons for your
               | original theory.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | Trying to scare EU/NATO to back off or a country of 50
               | million people will go without gas this winter isn't a
               | rational theory? Seems like a very clear thing to
               | threaten in this situation.
               | 
               | >>Hence the obvious question: why would one theory be
               | more likely than any other?
               | 
               | Well, I mean, some theories are obviously more likely
               | than others - it's more likely that Russia blew it up
               | than that Japan blew it up, right?
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | No, it isn't a rational theory. Because the only
               | elaboration you have given is that you are a worried
               | Polish person.
               | 
               | Putin has already given quite brazen warnings like
               | "remember that we have nukes". And yet he would covertly
               | sabotage Russia's own pipeline? What kind of a limp-
               | wristed warning is that?
               | 
               | > Well, I mean, some theories are obviously more likely
               | than others - it's more likely that Russia blew it up
               | than that Japan blew it up, right?
               | 
               | Yes, a country on the other side of the planet probably
               | had nothing to do with this. Well said! Probably not Fiji
               | either.
               | 
               | Any more brilliant counters?
               | 
               | Alternatively there _are_ countries that are closer to
               | the Baltic Sea which are both not Russia and Japan... as
               | well as countries that have geopolitical interests in
               | that general area.
        
               | 5560675260 wrote:
               | Reminding about nukes doesn't work. The only outcome is
               | being reminded by US that Russia will not survive
               | consequences of using them. Nobody takes that as a
               | serious treat.
               | 
               | Now pipes being blown up in a somewhat deniable way is
               | treat, because that's something that can realistically
               | happen without Moscow being nuked in the process.
               | 
               | Russia being a culprit here is so unthinkable for you
               | probably because you vastly overestimate value of
               | pipelines being affected. NS2 was never going to deliver
               | gas, NS1 was turned off, likely forever. And hey, Yamal
               | is still there, unaffected, if Russia actually will want
               | to sell anything to Europe instead of China.
        
               | brabel wrote:
               | > Nobody takes that as a serious treat.
               | 
               | You misunderstood the threat (probably because news are
               | always distorting things and people tend to believe
               | uncritically in times of war). Putin's threat is very
               | clear: he will use tactical nukes ("small" scale ones) to
               | defend "Russia" against aggression... by annexing part of
               | Ukraine, he gets the excuse he needed to use them against
               | Ukrainian forces... that's why the Kremlin keeps pointing
               | out to their "nuclear doctrine" which states that Russia
               | may use nukes in self-defense. The annexation makes total
               | sense when you understand that.
               | 
               | People claiming the threats are directed at western
               | Europe countries are misinformed or trying to generate
               | panic intentionally. If that was the actual threat, you
               | would be right, it wouldn't be a serious one... but the
               | one he actually meant is very close to becoming a
               | reality... just wait a few weeks and you'll see it...
               | specially in case Ukraine continues imparting serious
               | losses on Russian forces. There's approximately zero
               | chance Russia will just go away from the territories it
               | occupies now.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | > Reminding about nukes doesn't work. The only outcome is
               | being reminded by US that Russia will not survive
               | consequences of using them. Nobody takes that as a
               | serious treat.
               | 
               | The world would not survive the consequences of a full-
               | scale nuclear war. It is still rational to fear nuclear
               | war because hasty decisions could still bring it about.
               | 
               | > Russia being a culprit here is so unthinkable for you
               | probably because you vastly overestimate value of
               | pipelines being affected. NS2 was never going to deliver
               | gas, NS1 was turned off, likely forever. And hey, Yamal
               | is still there, unaffected, if Russia actually will want
               | to sell anything to Europe instead of China.
               | 
               | So it is unthinkable to me because I overestimate the
               | value of the affected pipelines. So Putin wanted to send
               | a strong message by sabotaging useless infrastructure.
               | 
               | A light bulb has gone off and I can see things
               | clearly...?
               | 
               | Refer to my other comment about blowing up a Russian
               | ghost town to "send a message".
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33026408
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | >>No, it isn't a rational theory.
               | 
               | Again, I don't really see why. What's so irrational about
               | threatening enormous economical and societal consequences
               | in a situation like this? Surely it's a credible threat?
               | Is it just the fact that I'm Polish that bothers you
               | about it, because you maybe think I can't keep a straight
               | head about it?
               | 
               | >>What kind of a limp-wristed warning is that?|
               | 
               | The same one as poisoning your critics with unique poison
               | that only Russia could have and then denying any
               | responsibility, I guess? Sends a message, which is the
               | main point.
               | 
               | >>Any more brilliant counters?
               | 
               | Do you think we can have this discussion without you
               | being sarcastic?
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Classic scare tactic. Station your troops on someone
               | else's border and suicide them. That sends the message
               | that friendly fire can become invasion fire.
               | 
               | Makes perfect sense.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | I mean, those pipes were clearly not going to be used
               | anytime soon. It's not like they blew up anything that
               | was actively making them any money, nor did they
               | sacrefice their own troops to do this like you compare
               | to. It's a good target because it sends a message but
               | it's pretty useless otherwise.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Compare it to blowing up a ghost town near Finland, then.
               | 
               | No one would be scared of a military managing to destroy
               | something on their own soil.
               | 
               | In fact, a better theory for you would be to claim that
               | Russia did it in order to make it look like sabotage from
               | the EU/America. Just a propaganda exercise since the
               | pipeline is "useless" to them right now in any case. But
               | you are clearly so desperate that you just go for the
               | first cartoonish theory that you can come up with.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | >> But you are clearly so desperate that you just go for
               | the first cartoonish theory that you can come up with.
               | 
               | That is very uncalled for. I really feel like this is a
               | direct threat to Poland, but obviously I'm talking about
               | it from a perspective of a Pole. Maybe if you live
               | elsewhere you just don't feel that way - but I don't see
               | any reason to describe this theory as "cartoonish".
               | 
               | >>No one would be scared of a military managing to
               | destroy something on their own soil.
               | 
               | Yeah, except that pipeline wasn't destroyed on Russia's
               | own soil, was it?
        
               | m348e912 wrote:
               | I don't agree with your assessment but I upvoted you
               | anyway. Not sure why you were downvoted.
        
             | chimen wrote:
             | I would say Ukraine destroyed it. They are, at this moment,
             | the only ones with a benefit in having Europe unable to
             | received Russian gas any more. It's either Ukraine or the
             | US which has popcorn in the microwave at this war by proxy
             | which bleeds Russia of resources down to nothing. My 2c
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | https://www.wsj.com/articles/nato-formally-blames-
             | sabotage-f... https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/28/politics/nord-
             | stream-pipeline...
             | https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-
             | national-s...
             | 
             | It's at the point now where you have to believe that every
             | government in the west is outright lying about this to buy
             | a scenario other than "Putin did it to burn his bridges and
             | prevent a coup". Now, this is the internet, so surely there
             | will be plenty of people in this topic willing to
             | disbelieve their governments. But it's good enough for me.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | You don't have to believe that every government in the
               | West is lying about it. You just have to believe that one
               | government (the one who did it) is lying, and the rest
               | don't know because they weren't told.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | You don't even need one government to lie; you only need
               | a small portion thereof.
               | 
               | And if you did it right, you could have setup this whole
               | procedure ages ago and then have complete deniability.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | You don't even need a small portion to lie, you can just
               | take them at their word:
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-german-chancellor-
               | nord-st...
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | > _You just have to believe that one government (the one
               | who did it) is lying, and the rest don 't know because
               | they weren't told._
               | 
               | Or the rest figure it out and independently conclude that
               | siding with NATO is still their best choice, so they
               | better keep up the lie and avoid the drama of calling out
               | their ally.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | > Now, this is the internet, so surely there will be
               | plenty of people in this topic willing to disbelieve
               | their governments.
               | 
               | Can you even imagine? Degenerates who don't trust their
               | own governments? _Verrater_.
               | 
               | Being mildly skeptical of one government is... _fine_...
               | but two who are allies? Eight who are allies? The
               | official Nato position? Surely, at some point they all
               | become infallible.
               | 
               | Don't discredit your own fatherland, mensch.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | If we're going with that speculation then we could also
               | speculate there is a small likelihood someone doesn't
               | want someone else get cold feet and Kapitulieren in the
               | middle of a bitter cold winter.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | No options now to turn on the pipeline.
               | 
               | I recall USA sabotaged a USSR pipeline way back in 1980s.
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/02/2
               | 7/r...
        
               | m348e912 wrote:
               | The way the article reads it's not clear if the US
               | sabotaged software that was ultimately stolen by the
               | Russians and used on pipelines or if the US intentionally
               | and covertly transferred the flawed technology through
               | more legitimate channels.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | I recall it as USA found out from a spy the shopping
               | list, and created sabotaged items that would be stolen.
               | Supposedly the explosion shockwaves were expected by a
               | few USA insiders. I have yet to read the referenced book,
               | though it looks like a fascinating (though white-washed)
               | read.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | scifibestfi wrote:
           | Ah yes, this is straight from Sun Tzu. Attack thyself. /s
        
             | marcfr wrote:
             | Quite honestly, if a bank robber goes into a bank and
             | shoots himself into his foot, saying: 'now imagine what I
             | could do to you' - I'd be pretty impressed!
             | 
             | Related, an article in the WaPo about this behavior: https:
             | //www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/02/27/r...
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | What's the advantage of blowing up a pipeline over simply
           | shutting the valve when you control the valve AND supply?
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | Removing the incentive for your own power structure to
             | knife you in the back to get the gas pipe turned back on.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I think they have special "camps" and unfortunate mundane
               | accidents such as inopportune tripping hazards next to
               | open 10th floor windows and landlubbers swimming in open
               | ocean for that.
        
             | Rexxar wrote:
             | Show everybody that you can to it on other pipelines while
             | doing it only on a currently useless one (I answer the
             | question by giving one possible advantage, I have no
             | opinion on the real cause at the moment)
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | As a show of force I will destroy one of my own
               | battalions. _Watch out world: I could do the same to
               | yours!_
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | Exactly. Except for Intelligence agencies, we do not know
               | who did it. However, the media consensus is that the
               | enemy did self sabotage to show us they can do bad
               | things? We know they very well can do bad things. They do
               | not have to prove it.
               | 
               | Hell, GWBush was an inch away from approving tactical
               | nuke use in Afghanistan but ultimately talked out of it
               | and opted for the MOAB, but now a cornered rat thinking
               | about it is now crazy? Does that mean GWB was crazy too?
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | There is little value in crazy showing crazy can do crazy
               | things. We know crazy can do crazy. It like Kim, jung-un
               | --it does not have to show us it is willing to lob a
               | nuke, we know it would lob one if if needed to for self-
               | preservation. These are rational actors, their reasoning
               | might be foreign to us and operate differently, but they
               | act within their own rational frameworks.
        
               | Rexxar wrote:
               | > There is little value in crazy showing crazy can do
               | crazy things
               | 
               | There can be some strategical value in some situation to
               | be perceived as crazy.
               | 
               | > These are rational actors
               | 
               | Probably but it's not 100% guaranteed
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | This place started to think in memes I feel. Every issue comes
         | with the automated arguments, the same ones every time. If the
         | topic is energy someone must write the "they shouldn't have
         | closed those Nuclear power plants, silly environmentalist".
         | 
         | Anyway, France is full blown nuclear state and they are having
         | energy issues too, because as it turns out nuclear power plants
         | require long regular maintenance periods.
         | 
         | Maybe there's no simple answer for energy issues and countries
         | don't simply build or close down power plants over single
         | issue? Maybe it wasn't done just to please some tree huggers?
         | 
         | Maybe someone in Germany could have had crunched the numbers
         | too and see the risks? Maybe some politicians were too close to
         | fossil fuel money? Maybe it was considered as a way to keep the
         | relationship with Russia profitable for Russia and encourage
         | Russia to build good relationships with their primary customer?
         | Maybe EU wanted to have Russia as a reliable petrostate as an
         | alternative to the USA so they can do their thing without USA?
         | Maybe they wanted to reduce their footing in Africa by not
         | relying for them in Uranium production? Maybe it make more
         | economical sense to use the non-nuclear solutions?
         | 
         | Just maybe it wasn't a single issue decision even if it didn't
         | play out as hoped? Europe is acutely aware of its tight energy
         | situation, that's why they have been regulating the efficiency
         | since decades, it's not coincidence that in Europe everything
         | is very energy efficient. They squeezed it to the point where
         | faster water heaters and more powerful vacuums were presented
         | as Brexit benefits.
         | 
         | Oh, I'm so fed up by this culture war.
        
           | mjthrowaway1 wrote:
           | While the arguments are repetitive this isn't a culture war.
           | The EU made its bed (or more likely, imported it) and now has
           | to sleep in it. Deindustrialization has been ongoing.
        
             | systemvoltage wrote:
             | In California, I get physical mail pamphlets that help me
             | prepare for power outages and what I should do to reduce
             | quality of life. It's not from PG&E, but our city.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I don't think this part of living in the future was
               | predicted on _The Jetsons_
        
               | systemvoltage wrote:
               | Oh my, I didn't realize The Jetsons aired in 1962:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jetsons
               | 
               | Thats 60 years ago. Wow.
        
               | dsr_ wrote:
               | George Jetson's birthdate is arguably this year.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | German government published a cookbook to teach people
               | how to cook without electricity.
               | 
               | "Kochen ohne Strom" https://www.bbk.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pr
               | essemitteilungen/DE/202...
               | 
               | It would have been useful to keep coal powered electric
               | plants in use and stocked with a mountain of coal.
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | They will likely keep some coal plants online longer than
               | was originally planned, so that is definitely a thing.
               | They even restarted some plants to reduce their current
               | dependency on Russian gas.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | There have been logistics issues getting coal to the
               | plants. It feels like energy production followed the
               | manufacturing motto of "just in time" instead of
               | stockpiling the input coal. This lack of resilience was
               | unnecessary.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | I am not aware cial, usually shipped in bulk and very
               | easily stored, was ever delivered JIT. But whatever, JIT
               | was already the reason why the chip supply from Asia to
               | overseas car factories was disrupted, at least according
               | to certain people without the slightest clue of how JIT
               | works. Or supply chains in general...
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | It is an ad hoc solution to the current situation so I'm
               | not surprised it's not exactly smooth sailing. It doesn't
               | help that they recently shut down some of their reactors,
               | they could have at least kept them open until the
               | situation stabilized.
        
             | medo-bear wrote:
             | > The EU made its bed (or more likely, imported it) and now
             | has to sleep in it
             | 
             | we should have taken the US more seriously when they said
             | to buy US oil. not wise to piss the US off
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | I have thoroughly enjoyed the acrobatics required for
               | Europeans that try to blame all of this on the US because
               | they need a scapegoat so as to avoid personal
               | responsibility.
        
               | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
               | This has nothing to do with scapegoating, the US military
               | literally attacked european infrastructure this week
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Really? Where?
        
               | CapricornNoble wrote:
               | It was almost certainly a state actor behind the
               | destruction of the Nord Stream pipelines recently.
               | https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/another-nord-
               | stream-l...
               | 
               | A former Polish Minister of Defense posted "Thankyou USA"
               | to Twitter after the attack. Various US officials have
               | made public statements since the start of 2022 stating
               | the US wouldn't allow Nord Stream to go forward. The
               | whole reason the pipelines were built was for Russia to
               | cut out the Ukrainian/Polish middlemen (transit fees)
               | involved in selling gas to Germany, so the Russians don't
               | have any incentive to blow up their own pipeline.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I agree that a state actor was involved.
               | 
               | I disagree that Russia has no incentive.
               | 
               | While the USA obviously has the means and more than zero
               | motivation, I don't see this type of infrastructure
               | damage so close to allies as likely. Especially given the
               | EU was already in the process of permanently ending the
               | purchase of all Russian gas, not just these pipelines.
               | 
               | Russia, however, is looking at one never-opened pipeline
               | and one already-offline pipeline, which is going to a
               | bloc that has announced that it won't pay as much as
               | Russia is asking for its gas, won't pay in the currency
               | Russia is demanding, and wants to rapidly move away from
               | Russian gas entirely, and which is currently sanctioning
               | against Russia. Russia appears to believe that cutting
               | off gas to Europe will end European support for Ukraine,
               | and therefore has an obvious incentive to cut it off.
               | Russia has incentives to make this look like it isn't
               | Russia's fault, for the same reason anyone who might have
               | done this would have had an incentive to hide their own
               | identity.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | It was probably Russia, Germany would be to pissed if
               | Biden did that
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | u mean like when ukrained was trained by us operative,
               | its leadership selected by us operative and using us
               | weapons . the only country that used nuclear are the usa.
               | i wouldnt trust them not to push for a nuclear attack
               | again
        
               | pkaye wrote:
               | It was not just US but includes UK and Canada and the
               | NATO organization.
               | 
               | https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/S
               | N07...
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | nato is usa
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | i have thoroughly enjoyed americans enjoying this and
               | telling everyone i told you so
        
           | finikytou wrote:
           | france nuclear was fine until macron five years ago pushed
           | for decommissioning 15 reactors (the 15 he wants to open
           | after 5 years...) and obviously by sending the signal that it
           | was not the industry for the future of france investments
           | into its future stopped just liked the CEO of EDF said "we
           | didnt hire people to build reactor or even maintain those we
           | focused on hiring people to decomission reactors" and guess
           | what they arent many people in this field. its not IT. people
           | who know are either retired or dead.
        
           | throw827474737 wrote:
           | Yeah 100%, given we need to keep our nuclears now on to
           | mainly support France's rotten ones and neglecting the
           | lobbying and corruption that happened and didn't get us much
           | further away from fossil+nuclear (we are shedding wind and
           | bio gas right now again) is the actual depressing thing..
        
           | anovikov wrote:
           | Thank you! Agree with all of it except
           | 
           | >Maybe EU wanted to have Russia as a reliable petrostate as
           | an alternative to the USA so they can do their thing without
           | USA?
           | 
           | The decision to rely on Russia was made when USA was a net
           | energy importer, with some dependence on natural gas from
           | Canada, and terrible dependence on oil from whoever could
           | offer any.
           | 
           | To add to that, nuclear was phased out to a large degree
           | because it gets in the way of renewables, as it's impossible
           | to regulate. Nuclear reactor is pretty much an on/off thing
           | and can't safely operate on power levels much under 100%
           | continuously, and if it's off, it can only be restarted in a
           | day, or even a few days. It makes balancing the grid
           | including a lot of intermittent renewables, a huge headache.
           | Renewables already provide more electricity in EU than
           | nuclear ever did, and they cost a lot less to build, and
           | almost all of them were built in less time than it takes to
           | build a single nuclear reactor.
           | 
           | Speaking of the future, all of this discussion is meaningless
           | again, because of time. If we start today, electricity will
           | be 100% solved by renewables everywhere in EU before any new
           | nuclear can be commissioned.
        
             | champtar wrote:
             | French nuclear reactor can vary their power +-80% in 30min
             | (article in french
             | https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suivi_de_charge)
        
           | sascha_sl wrote:
           | > as it turns out nuclear power plants require long regular
           | maintenance periods.
           | 
           | That's because everyone has been operating their PWRs/BWRs
           | way beyond the design lifespan, which would be fine if we
           | didn't just stop building new ones in the past 20-40 years
           | (depending on country) to prevent too many of them needing
           | regular maintenance at once.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | This is something I never understand about the anti-nuclear
             | crowd. There are plenty of good arguments against nuclear
             | but most often the ones used are not that great.[0] I mean
             | we could talk about the expense of them and that they
             | require long-term investments, making them not attractive
             | to bureaucrats and political leaders, which led to the
             | situation of extending lifetimes, losing knowledge, and
             | increasing maintenance periods. Which let's be real, that's
             | a critical flaw if it requires humans to act in ways that
             | aren't what humans typically do. But maybe that's why we
             | always fight. I mean the pro nuclear camp isn't that much
             | better as there are plenty of people arguing for it that
             | don't know the difference between a beta+ and beta-
             | particle.
             | 
             | Then again, the parent says all these things and goes to
             | the culture war. Feels a bit all over the place to me.
             | Though it does seem that a lot of these issues are all
             | caused by us trying to act more intelligent than we are and
             | social signaling. But I don't think that's what the parent
             | was saying.
             | 
             | [0] You could also easily make the argument that we
             | wouldn't be in this mess if Germany didn't shut down their
             | nuclear plants early because doing so increased their
             | dependence on France and Russia for power. But this also
             | isn't that great of an argument.
        
               | wolpoli wrote:
               | > There are plenty of good arguments against nuclear but
               | most often the ones used are not that great.
               | 
               | I suspect that the cost-based anti-nuclear arguments
               | aren't really meant for the crowd that understands
               | budgeting or long term planning, since the arguments tend
               | to highlight numbers out of context. It's really meant to
               | create short, stand-alone soundbites that could be
               | repeated in social media posts and news articles.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I mean the cost issues are pretty complex themselves.
               | We've seen that estimates are unreliable because every
               | time we build a new reactor we have to rebuild the entire
               | tooling and supply chain. Westinghouse filed bankruptcy
               | over exactly this issue. So are we discussing building
               | one reactor? A few? Or a hundred? But are we also
               | discussing rolling out a hundred and then not building
               | many again for decades? There's also bureaucratic issues
               | that prevent newer and cheaper reactors from being built.
               | Some of those issues have merit and others don't. I think
               | it is easy to oversimplify the issues here, especially
               | when we mostly get social media soundbites and
               | explanations from news articles that don't consult
               | various experts. I just think it is hard to garner a
               | strong opinion without also having deep knowledge.
        
               | glaucon wrote:
               | >don't know the difference between a beta+ and beta-
               | particle.
               | 
               | I don't know the difference between a beta+ and beta-
               | particle so please tell me, why would my, positive to
               | some degree, views on nuclear energy be more valid if I
               | did ?
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | So it is basically an example of basic knowledge.
               | Something you'd learn in Chapter 1 of an introductory
               | textbook. If you do not know this knowledge it is
               | impossible for you to also know much about nuclear
               | theory. A litmus test if you will.
               | 
               | Now what does this specific test have to do with nuclear
               | energy? I'll be honest that the specific example only has
               | a little, and that's to do with waste. These particles
               | are common forms of radiation and knowing how they
               | interact is important in understanding safety and
               | longevity of waste. (our decay typically comes in the
               | form of alpha, beta, neutron, and gamma)
               | 
               | I do want to be clear though, that this doesn't -- and
               | shouldn't -- stop you from having an opinion. But it
               | should note how strong those opinions should be, as it is
               | naive to have strong opinions on topics you also do not
               | care to learn about the details. This is more what I'm
               | getting at. Strong opinions matched with weak knowledge
               | is a dangerous situation. The key part being the strength
               | of the opinion, not existence.
               | 
               | I also don't think this disqualifies other types of
               | opinions that you can have about nuclear (or other
               | topics). An economist could not have any working nuclear
               | theory knowledge but also be well qualified discussing
               | the cost. But they may also not be well qualified to
               | discuss the cost of decommission or waste without the
               | support/collaboration of someone with working nuclear
               | theory. At least we can recognize that without the
               | combined effort that the opinion is limited in accuracy.
               | (this is also true in the reverse direction fwiw)
               | 
               | So for some signals that may help you navigate this space
               | (these are not absolute, mind you, but there is a
               | tendency).
               | 
               | Pro-nuclear armchair experts tend to hype up thorium,
               | ignore costs, claiming nuclear's issue is only fear, and
               | dismissing the waste issue completely.
               | 
               | Anti-nuclear armchair experts tend to exaggerate the
               | waste issue, ignore developments over the last half
               | century, and pit nuclear against renewables (a position
               | no scientist actually has. Our opinion is that nuclear is
               | a zero carbon energy source and should be _on the table_.
               | Which isn't a strong stance btw).
               | 
               | But mainly I think the issue is that in a world of ever
               | increasing complexity we are also gaining access to large
               | amounts of high level knowledge and internalizing that as
               | expertise. I do think this is a recipe for disaster and
               | we're already seeing the effects of it. We see this
               | commonly in climate discussions. Where even the pro-green
               | people are not always aligned with the scientists albeit
               | substantially closer in alignment than the anti-climate
               | people. But climate is one of the most (if not them most)
               | complex issues humanity has ever faced. Unfortunately
               | complex issues require substantial amounts of nuance and
               | require complex solutions. Which ironically includes
               | political support which is hard to garner without these
               | same high level explanations. I'm not sure there's a good
               | solution to all this tbh.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | Expense is also not a good argument.
               | 
               | Nuclear power should be subsidized as necessary for the
               | exact same reason healthcare is: energy security is a
               | critical matter.
               | 
               | A nation like Germany for example could easily afford to
               | have many more nuclear power plants and be pushing that
               | much more energy over the borders to the rest of the EU
               | in exports. They could do a lot to further the EU's
               | energy security, given their fiscal and engineering
               | capabilities. Their main reason for not doing it (fear)
               | is heavy in emotionalism, irrationality.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > Nuclear power should be subsidized as necessary for the
               | exact same reason healthcare is: energy security is a
               | critical matter.
               | 
               | Not that I disagree, but money is not an infinite
               | resource. So yeah, it does matter. Maybe I'm interpreting
               | your comment as more dismissive than it actually is.
        
               | janef0421 wrote:
               | Money is not infinite, at least for practical purposes,
               | but it is socially constructed, and consequently not a
               | hard constraint. If a nation has the means to obtain the
               | necessary resources and labour, it will be able to build
               | and run nuclear power plants.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | This seems a bit naive. While money is a social construct
               | it is also a proxy for resources. Also, to be clear, just
               | because things are socially constructed doesn't mean they
               | aren't useful. Most things are social constructs.
        
               | janef0421 wrote:
               | Money is a useful proxy when used to allocate resources
               | to individual economic agents, but is not useful when
               | analysing and coordinating an entire economy. In fact,
               | the loss of fine-grained information and introduction of
               | social subjectivity is often highly counter-productive.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I think I understand what you're saying? That money isn't
               | a good proxy for issues of things like shared resources.
               | A la tragedy of the commons types of issues? If that's
               | what you're saying then I fully agree. Money has been a
               | great tool for proxying local economic effects and
               | facilitating trade but it is not nuanced enough to
               | capture more long range phenomena like ToC. But I do feel
               | like this is where governments are supposed to step in.
               | While I'm pretty critical of authority I do see this
               | aspect as part of the need for strong governments and
               | limitations to pure democracies, as we have yet to find a
               | structure where large swaths of the population can either
               | be accurately informed or where we can have sufficient
               | reliance upon experts. Obviously too much in the other
               | direction (authoritarianism) comes with its own slew of
               | problems (ones I think are worse).
               | 
               | (I do think a wide distribution of ideas that we can
               | sample from, with a fairly normal-ish looking
               | distribution, creates a powerful framework to build
               | democracies. You do need anarchists, nationalists, and
               | extremists, but not in large potions. When the mean
               | shifts to any of these I think the system becomes
               | unstable. But neither should we truncate the
               | distribution.)
        
           | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
           | > Anyway, France is full blown nuclear state ...
           | 
           | ... with a fuel cycle that goes through a breeder in Seversk,
           | Russia
           | 
           | ... with no long term plan for low radioactive waste and
           | contaminated equipment
           | 
           | ... with almost no uranium deposits worth exploiting left
           | 
           | as is true for all of europa
        
             | ohgodplsno wrote:
             | No, what is sent to Seversk is not just the spent fuel, but
             | also radioactive material that was used during the
             | treatment of the spent fuel.
             | 
             | No, the fuel cycle doesn't depend on Seversk, the contract
             | from EDF was signed in 2018 (and EDF says that nothing was
             | sent yet)
             | 
             | No, this is not even the fuel cycle, Orano signed a
             | contract with Rosatom so that they could send spent URT and
             | Rosatom uses it for their own reactors. Literally selling
             | spent fuel (instead of burying it)
             | 
             | No, you are lying, there are plans both for long term
             | storage (Cigeo) and for low radioactive waste which the
             | Andra handles. (https://www.irsn.fr/FR/connaissances/Instal
             | lations_nucleaire...)
             | 
             | No, you are lying once again. The uranium deposits are not
             | worth exploiting because it is currently cheaper to get
             | mines in say, Niger, but Europe still has large potential
             | mining sites, and extracting it from lignite is easy.
             | 
             | So, no, your sources are Greenpeace and are lying.
        
               | Jon_Lowtek wrote:
               | >> _No, the fuel cycle doesn 't depend on Seversk_ +
               | "Literally selling spent fuel" (instead of burying it)
               | 
               | well, if you put it that way, then the fuel cycle doesn't
               | even exist at all, france just imports fresh uranium from
               | Russia, Nigeria, Kazhakstan and Australia and sells spent
               | fuel to Russia.
               | 
               | > _and EDF says that nothing was sent yet_
               | 
               | under that new contract maybe, here is an article from
               | 2009 in which EDF _" told news agency AFP that it is only
               | "recyclable uranium from fuel processing at EDF nuclear
               | power stations that is transported to Russia to be
               | enriched."_ - rfi.fr/actuen/articles/118/article_5481.asp
               | 
               | > _No, you are lying once again. The uranium deposits are
               | not worth exploiting_
               | 
               | that is literally what i said. They are not worth
               | exploiting
               | 
               |  _> So, no, your sources are Greenpeace and are lying._
               | 
               | that is just low effort insults, here have an IAEA
               | uranium deposit database: https://infcis.iaea.org/UDEPO/
               | France largest "reserves" are the trace amounts in the
               | rocks around a mine they closed 21 years ago. Even if the
               | price rises to a point where exploitation of those trace
               | amounts becomes worthwhile again, there are no large
               | reserves in europa, we are talking a demand in the
               | thousands of tons per year.
               | 
               | The nuclear industry in europa depends on imports, stop
               | peddling some makebelieve about large untapped reserves
               | with which europa could theoretically become energy
               | independent if they would just use them. It is
               | nonsensical
        
           | rglover wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/mTHchH9VRh0?t=34
        
           | sbf501 wrote:
           | You provide such a wonderful list of factors that may/may-not
           | have contributed to a this crisis that I went cross-eyed and
           | drooled a little at the depth of the complexity. But isn't it
           | a little ironic that you end by blaming the culture war?
           | We're literally a part of it, and it is an enormous obstacle
           | to enacting policies in a rational way. It's not something we
           | can bail-out on, like people fleeing to Canada when they
           | don't get their way in US politics, instead it is something
           | that has to be embraced and worked within as a medium, for
           | better or for worse. I'm reading a book about early humanists
           | in 15th century Italy and the issues are exactly the same.
           | Culture wars are wars of rhetoric and polemic, and will
           | always be with us. Best to master them, no?
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | I'm not anti-nuclear and I don't have a problem discussing
             | it as an option. I have a problem with repetitive arguments
             | that push an agenda though. The "Only if they hadn't closed
             | those few plants everything would have been perfect"
             | argument is not only false but is pushing an agenda that is
             | part of the culture war.
             | 
             | Notice the OP doesn't even mention the environmentalists
             | etc. but the comment is instantly recognisable. It's the
             | same talking point that needs to be repeated every single
             | time.
        
           | scifibestfi wrote:
           | The people are fed up with dangerously incompetent
           | leadership, who literally laughed when warned to not be
           | dependent on Russia for energy. It's not a meaningless
           | culture war. The loss of energy means lower standard of
           | living at best and mass death and famine at worst.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | The solution is not obvious, it's obvious only to zealots.
             | It's kind of obvious that the solution is in PHV and wind
             | energy but you can fight it to death with people who would
             | claim that it's obvious that the solution is Nuclear
             | energy.
             | 
             | This is not a good discussion, this is fanatics fighting.
             | Anytime someone suggest simple solution to a big problem
             | %99.9 of the time they don't actually have a simple and
             | obvious solution.
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | Europe's gas problem is entirely theoretical and goes
               | away if any part of Russia exists and wants to be part of
               | society at the end of the winter, or if 2 in 3 Europeans
               | can follow simple directions to not be selfish and dead.
               | 
               | I find it tiring that any country that plays chicken with
               | the superpowers gets all these warnings and abuse while
               | the superpowers themselves do not give a crap who does
               | what to undo their progress to Armageddon.
               | 
               | Germany was right to give Russia an option not to suck,
               | the idea that Russia would not already suck worse by now
               | and yet still be a military superpower if Germany didn't
               | try to keep a vague semblance of balance in economics is
               | a fantasy.
               | 
               | Is it seriously believable that Russia would have done
               | nothing with violence by now to force changes in the
               | economics if the west was shunning its natural resources
               | for strategic reasons since the 1990's?
        
               | blablabla123 wrote:
               | Although I think Smartgrids and all technology close-by
               | including usage counters would really make a difference.
               | No matter if you're for renewables or even Nuclear.
               | Considering how much energy goes to waste because of
               | inefficient usage. Every 60W laptop has an elaborate
               | power management but multi kW homes aren't even close.
               | 
               | Still that's just one building block obviously...
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | Increasing complexity decreases resiliency and
               | reliability.
        
               | blablabla123 wrote:
               | But one part of Smart grids is just measuring everything.
               | Another part is decentralization which actually increases
               | resiliency. In a positive light it's probably a bit like
               | Internet vs. telephone network. Higher complexity but the
               | tools are there to make it work
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | origin_path wrote:
               | Pumped hydro is very limited and most resources are
               | already exploited. Wind energy is not a solution because
               | sometimes it just doesn't appear when you need it.
               | 
               | Nuclear actually is a solution, in the sense that if you
               | implement it, the problem will go away. Renewables are
               | not a solution in the sense that even if you over-
               | implement to an absurd degree, with present technology
               | the problem will sometimes remain.
               | 
               | The people pointing this out are not zealots, they're
               | people with a basic understanding of how electricity
               | works. It's the people who insist against basic physics
               | that renewables can power 100% of the grid that are the
               | zealots, and now we all will pay the price for
               | accommodating their extremism :(
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | This is an overdone and incorrect response.
               | 
               | Variable renewable sources can't power 100% of the grid,
               | but they can easily power 80% of it without any of the
               | normal whatabout problems. Renewables could also power
               | 120% of the grid without problems, interesting variable
               | loads to take up the extra very cheap energy would
               | manifest soon enough.
               | 
               | Claiming exactly 100% is full of problems is true,
               | pedantic, and nowhere close to any reality which would
               | happen.
               | 
               | Of course there will be a mixture of power sources,
               | relax. You can develop a lot of variable renewables
               | before the issues come up.
               | 
               | Europe needs to develop every power source at the same
               | time, distributing resources compromising for risk,
               | several time frames, and cost. This involves a solar/wind
               | heavy mix along with longer term nuclear developments and
               | large scale energy imports from North America.
        
               | drran wrote:
               | Cheap long time storage methods, like "Sand battery"[0],
               | can change the equation.
               | 
               | [0]: https://polarnightenergy.fi/sand-battery
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | > _The solution is not obvious,_
               | 
               | The _problem_ of relying on Russia for energy was
               | obvious. There isn 't a singular "the solution" because
               | there were many possible solutions, nuclear energy being
               | just one. In addition to investing in wind/solar, there
               | are other solutions besides nuclear. Particularly,
               | fracing and coal mining. Both of these are unpopular for
               | obvious reasons (which is the reason everybody talks
               | about nuclear instead), but I think both are better than
               | the political autonomy of an entire subcontinent being
               | threatened by a belligerent foe.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | > The _problem_ of relying on Russia for energy was
               | obvious.
               | 
               | In 2020, the EU imported 13 786 PJ of natural gas, while
               | gross available energy was 57 767 PJ, i.e. gas imports
               | accounted for 23.9%
               | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
               | explained/index.php...
               | 
               | Also in 2020, 27.2% of petroleum gas imports into the EU
               | were from Russia. https://oec.world/en/profile/internatio
               | nal_organization/euro...
               | 
               | Put together, 6.5% of gross available energy in the EU
               | was from Russian gas.
               | 
               | It's not so obvious that that is a problematic level of
               | reliance threatening the political autonomy of an entire
               | subcontinent.
               | 
               | If it meant that 6.5% of the population will be left
               | without any energy, that would be quite terrible. If it
               | meant a 6.5% drop in GDP per capita PPP, it would be
               | worse than the drop from 2019 to 2020, but still only
               | throw the EU economy back to 2013 levels.
               | 
               | That doesn't mean it isn't worth planning ahead for the
               | consequences of reduced energy availability, but maybe we
               | don't need to panic, either.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I can see why someone might hear that number and shrug.
               | But given what's happening to the energy prices, I think
               | those 6.5% are more significant than "1/16th" feels like
               | it ought to be.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | Yes, the price increase is larger than the reduction in
               | supply. Nobody wants to reduce their energy use by 6.5%,
               | so everyone is trying to snatch up as much of the shrunk
               | energy pie as possible, bidding up the prices in the
               | process.
               | 
               | But there's a limit to the price war. At some point, a
               | factory making widgets is going to look at price
               | increases that make the cost of producing a widget
               | greater than its expected sale price, at which point
               | they'll probably stop their production lines, unless they
               | feel like setting money on fire to keep them running.
               | Those factory closures then provide for the necessary
               | reduction in energy use. But everyone else still needs to
               | pay the higher prices.
               | 
               | Fortunately, higher energy prices also incentivize
               | increasing supply from alternative sources, so the EU
               | probably won't have to reduce energy use by the full
               | 6.5%. And as long as people setting money on fire are
               | sufficiently rare, it will be energy-intensive, low-
               | profitabilty users who give up first, so the economy
               | likely won't shrink by 6.5% either. But a larger fraction
               | will be captured by energy suppliers as profit.
        
               | neodypsis wrote:
               | > The problem of relying on Russia for energy was
               | obvious.
               | 
               | Indeed. Always found it strange that Germany didn't see a
               | problem with relying on Russia for their main energy
               | source.
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | Motivated reasoning. Cheap energy is extremely
               | attractive, so seemingly obvious downsides can be swept
               | under the rug.
        
               | caeril wrote:
               | I think this is very _human_ reasoning.
               | 
               | People laugh at Preppers and call them crazy for taking
               | prudent preparedness steps as insurance against future
               | risks. It's a very human thing to do.
               | 
               | During the early days of COVID, some people started
               | coming around to preppers being not-so-crazy-after-all,
               | which lasted for precisely a few months before the toilet
               | paper returned and preparedness being an acceptable idea
               | left mainstream thought.
               | 
               | Expediency and lifestyle will _always_ trump prudence in
               | the human mind. It 's the primary reason we will
               | eventually exterminate ourselves, regardless of the
               | specific existential risk we succumb to. The Great Filter
               | is no great mystery.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | > People laugh at Preppers and call them crazy for taking
               | prudent preparedness steps as insurance against future
               | risks. It's a very human thing to do.
               | 
               | I think most of the time people are laughing at preppers
               | on TV. Having an emergency radio, a gun, extra water
               | storage, a back-up generator, etc. - I haven't experience
               | many people who laugh at that, though certainly I imagine
               | someone exists who does. The government publishes info on
               | emergency disaster preparedness kits and other things
               | too.
        
               | mullen wrote:
               | Due to Earthquakes, California asks that you have at
               | least 3 days of supplies on hand at all times, with 7
               | days of supplies being prefered and 14 days of supplies
               | being the best. Same thing from my county and city. They
               | all know that when "The Big One" hits, your average
               | citizen is going to be on their own for at least a couple
               | of days.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | Germans would have happily helped train Russian military
               | if 2014 did not happen. Money's good.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Where did you get _that_ idea from? Without looking it
               | up, I suspect Germany, as a NATO country, helped Ukraine
               | as other NATO allies did. And supported the orange
               | revolution, as the other EU nations did before 2014.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | https://www.dw.com/en/rheinmetall-poised-to-honor-
               | military-d...
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Some quick numbers: 2020/21 exports of weapons from EU
               | cointries to Russia were aroind 100 million (or
               | thereabouts, might even include icebreakers, good luck
               | using those for conquering Mariupol). Since February 2022
               | EU countries committed to send 2.5 _billion_ of military
               | gear to the Ukrainian forces.
               | 
               | I guess details and context still matter.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | Germany (along with France and others) supplied military-
               | related stuff to Russia, even after 2014.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Under contracts signed _before_ 2014. Seems like a detail
               | worth mentioning.
               | 
               | EDIT: Which is bad reason, but at least an understandable
               | when it comes to foreign policy. And it is not that arms
               | exports are actually hindered by morals, all the exports
               | to Saudi, UAE, Mexico and every other crisis region show
               | otherwise. Personally, I think the West shouldn't export
               | to those countries or conflict zones. The West also needs
               | the industrial base to maintain reasonably strong
               | militaries so, and with defense spending being a less
               | than popular thing after the Cold War ended, exports are
               | necessary for that. This could change so, and already did
               | in Germany with additional military spending.
        
               | mecsred wrote:
               | "The solution is not obvious, it's obvious only to
               | zealots. It's kind of obvious that the solution is [...]"
               | 
               | Seriously?
        
             | jlmorton wrote:
             | There were legitimate reasons to be wary of becoming
             | dependent on Russian energy supplies. There were also
             | legitimate reasons to pursue tighter economic integration,
             | which when it comes down it, is the entire raison d'etre
             | for the EU. There were also legitimate reasons to pursue
             | cheap, reliable natural gas.
             | 
             | Trying to now pretend, ex post facto, that this was
             | strikingly obvious and the result of incompetent leadership
             | is profoundly narrow-sighted.
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | I agree, none of this was blatantly obvious and a lot of
               | aspects need to be taken into account. The world isn't
               | black and white even though it would be nice if it was at
               | times.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | finikytou wrote:
             | many people in usa laughed at trump, called him a racist
             | for wanting to block china trades and having some of the
             | 20's policy of america 1st. turns out biden pushed those by
             | an extent trump wouldn't dream of and everyone is fine with
             | it now. leadership is corrupt and just want power even if
             | it means bringing our nations to their knees.
        
             | jhoechtl wrote:
             | > The people are fed up with dangerously incompetent
             | leadership
             | 
             | When thinking of politicians, Intelligence is not an
             | attribute which comes naturally to my mind.
             | 
             | Yet the absence of intelligence in karge swaths of green
             | politicians is striking. Im specifically talking about the
             | German green movement, not generalising.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Like being inteligent enough to prolong nuclear reactor
               | runtimes, signing LNG deals with the UAE, fillong up gas
               | reservoirs faster than anticipated, pushing for military
               | aide for Ukraine, figuring out fallback plans for
               | potential gas shortages?
               | 
               | Yeah, absolutely stupid things to do in the current
               | situation.
        
             | subsubzero wrote:
             | We also have to remember Europe had the absolute disaster
             | of a vaccine purchase program which was totally down to its
             | incompetent leadership which for some reason the US media
             | fawns over. The delay in getting vaccines to citizens
             | probably cost 10's of thousands of lives.
        
           | xienze wrote:
           | > Maybe there's no simple answer for energy issues and
           | countries don't simply build or close down power plants over
           | single issue?
           | 
           | Well, two things. One, pretty sure the push to shut down
           | Germany's nuclear plants was a response to a single issue,
           | Fukushima.
           | 
           | Two, one simple answer to this particular situation is to
           | assess your energy independence before sanctioning the
           | country you rely on for natural gas. Germany is getting raked
           | over the coals with the same talking points precisely because
           | they walked into a situation they weren't well-equipped to
           | handle.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | Nuclear power plant construction is flat since Chernobyl
             | and seen slight decline after Fukushima: https://dropover.c
             | loud/ec077b#c8239728-7d32-49ab-98c7-865fb0...
             | 
             | Safety concerns are definitely an issue that can nudge you
             | to prefer alternative sources but this doesn't make it
             | single issue. It's simply one of the things you consider.
             | 
             | As you can see, despite NPP construction stalling in late
             | 1980s, world energy consumption continued to increase:
             | https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-consumption
             | 
             | This simply means, considering the risks and cost of all
             | energy sources, nuclear power fell unfavourably. Doesn't
             | mean single issue.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | I think this is mostly due to the fact that the advantage
               | of nuclear is long term and humans -- and especially
               | politicians and bureaucrats -- aren't good at long term
               | planning. Globally we basically rolled out a bunch of
               | nuclear plants and went "welp, that'll hold us off for
               | the next 50-60 years." It's like exercising and eating
               | right for a year and expecting this to keep you healthy
               | for decades as you eat poorly with little to no exercise.
               | Maintenance and continual production is key to cost
               | reduction and advancement but this is something nuclear
               | never got. I really do think nuclear's biggest flaw is
               | its lifespan. Just allows people to get lazy.
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | > assess your energy independence before sanctioning the
             | country you rely on for natural gas.
             | 
             | Trump blurted that to the Germans around 2019. The press
             | brushed it off as "highly misleading".
             | 
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/13/trump-is-exaggerating-
             | german...
        
               | ramesh31 wrote:
               | >Trump blurted that to the Germans around 2019. The press
               | brushed it off as "highly misleading".
               | 
               | And the Germans literally laughed in his face:
               | https://youtu.be/FfJv9QYrlwg
               | 
               | Pretty hard to watch now. The smugness is palpable.
        
               | aiilns wrote:
               | > President Donald Trump repeated a highly misleading
               | claim on Friday that Germany will soon depend on Russia
               | for 50 percent to 70 percent of its energy needs.
               | 
               | Then the article spends significant time pointing out
               | that Russian natural gas plays only a small part in
               | Germany's total demands in energy, citing numbers like
               | 20% & 13% and thus Trump's claim is am exaggeration.
               | 
               | And then goes on to say:
               | 
               | > To be sure, Russia also accounted for about 40 percent
               | of Germany's crude oil imports and 30 percent of its
               | foreign coal supplies in 2016, according to IEA. But that
               | hardly makes it an outlier in Europe.
               | 
               | How is that glossed over? Is it just me or - I hate to
               | say it - Trump actually had a point?
        
               | jskrablin wrote:
               | I tend to think that Trump is not the sharpest knife in
               | the drawer. Now thinking about people/politicians that
               | laugh him off when they were warned about energy
               | dependence on Russia... they must be dumb AF or bribed by
               | Putin or both.
               | 
               | EU/Germany energy politics were/are a trainwreck and that
               | was obvious for at least a decade. Instead of recognizing
               | the obvious warning in 2014, most of the continent
               | doubled down on Russia energy dependency.
               | 
               | As a citizen of EU county - this is depressing. Most of
               | our political elite should be locked up somewhere and
               | keys tossed away. They are directly responsible for the
               | clusterf*ck that follows.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | He has been shown to have been correct on this. I think
               | he was also correct to ask Europe to fund NATO on their
               | own. As USA taxpayer, I don't want to pay for it.
               | Europeans know where they live and their history.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | This is a bit tricky and I don't think many consider it.
               | One of the leading theories for peace in Europe is the
               | lack of militarization in Europe. Countries with standing
               | armies are more likely to go to war with one another. So
               | we got the rise of superpowers and where better to place
               | that superpower than across an ocean and in an area with
               | few contested borders and not thousands of years of
               | history of fighting? I mean it seems the other approach
               | is akin to what China did. Just be successful in
               | conquering the region.
               | 
               | Obviously this point is _highly_ debatable but it is
               | worth consideration. And it is not like the US hasn't
               | benefited from the military industrial complex. Though I
               | do think the funding structure could be reworked or we at
               | least acknowledge that this is what is happening.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | we dont want nato it was pushed on us. no one ever voted
               | for being a tool in the us armada. you know the usa that
               | would definitly go crazy if russia or china had weapons
               | in mexico but see no problem of doing the same. one day u
               | will understand that american people live well because
               | their number one investment is their army and nato
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > Is it just me or - I hate to say it - Trump actually
               | had a point?
               | 
               | I'm not sure why people are afraid to say this. He has
               | literally said everything under the sun. You throw enough
               | darts and you're bound to eventually hit the board.
               | Supporters just focus on the hits and don't pay attention
               | to the misses, but this isn't different from any populist
               | (I mean look at Musk. If you keep predicting that
               | autopilot is a year away you'll eventually be right and
               | that's all we'll ever remember)
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | HN doesn't think in memes more than before. It's just you who
           | percieve commenters to be NPCs because the same things keep
           | getting upvoted.
           | 
           | > Maybe EU wanted to have Russia as a reliable petrostate as
           | an alternative to the USA so they can do their thing without
           | USA?
           | 
           | Considering the EU's actions since the war started we can
           | safely discard this theory.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | Yeah, because the war Ukraine was no valid reason to revise
             | whatever plan you had before...
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Hmm? Could you be more coy and less direct in your
               | replies, please?
               | 
               | Did Russia transform from a cosmopolitan, Western
               | European-loving, tolerant nation with fantastic relations
               | to the EU overnight into a savage brute in Feb 2022? Or
               | was it always at least a little bit backwards, clearly
               | not democratic, sphere of influence-envious, and had
               | already arguably been at indirect war with Ukraine since
               | _2014_?
               | 
               | To claim that Germany/EU wanted closer relations with the
               | Russian Empire contra the American Empire is clearly
               | asinine if you look at the actions of Germany/EU.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Since Europe has not enough natural resources to be self
               | reliant, and the US only has enough oil gas due to
               | fracking, there is no alternative other than dealing with
               | oppressive, human rights ignoring regimes. Iran is under
               | sanctions, the UAE and Saudi are by no means better the
               | Putin at his worst days (we in the West just don't give a
               | damn about the war in Sudan and Yemen). And yes, closer
               | relationships to Russia are, well have been, a good
               | thing.
               | 
               | Russia decided to throw all that away in a failed bid to
               | keep NATO away from their borders. Or rather Putin did.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | That's better. Thanks.
        
               | scrubs wrote:
               | What? Russia better than Saudi Arabia? The Saudis are
               | neither stupid enough to attack something like Ukraine
               | nor do they have the backbone to even think about it.
               | They're not as caught up in cold wars or bemoaning their
               | version of what Gorbachev did. Human rights aside
               | wouldn't most petrol customers prefer SA over Russia?
               | Granted, Europe and Germany esp. didn't but then again
               | trade was supposed to mute the stupidity of the Russian
               | government and that didn't ultimately work.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Culture is preference. Democracy is voting preference.
           | Authoritarians get fed up with competing preferences and
           | squash other preferences/opinions but risk making the wrong
           | decisions.
        
         | potatototoo99 wrote:
         | It was Europe's decision to halt gas imports, not Russia's.
        
         | rr888 wrote:
         | Russia and Germany have been at war for centuries. The last few
         | decades when their economies became co-dependent was a blissful
         | peace. Beware the long term consequences of buiding a new wall
         | between them.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | It's too late... the scene is already set up for the next big
           | war.
           | 
           | We're in a situation where the hate between both sides is
           | very close to the surface, no one is trying to hide it
           | anymore.
           | 
           | All that's needed now is one excuse... as it happened so many
           | times before, for centuries... one small thing - an important
           | figure murder, a bomb that lands on the wrong side of the
           | border (accidentally?)... the destruction of NordStream,
           | which I thought would be enough to start a full scale
           | conflict with Russia, but for some reason hasn't yet (though
           | it remains to be seen). It's very clear that what we're
           | seeing today looks exactly like what we saw just before other
           | large wars: a mostly regional conflict that serves as a proxy
           | conflict between the bigger players causes the hostile
           | rethoric on both sides to grow more and more, until the
           | population not only supports a conflict, but demands it.
           | Whether or not the news are telling the truth (which anyone
           | who was there in previous situations like this, including
           | Iraq not so long ago, knows is full of lies and uncontested
           | half-truths from both sides) doesn't even matter anymore.
           | It's a matter of time, you can be sure of that.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | Sorry but from the perspective of Central Europe, the times
           | when Russian and Germany are friendly, have been the most
           | dreadful. We barely avoided it this time.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | So, those times were worse than WW1, WW2? Interesting
             | perspextive, that...
        
               | odiroot wrote:
               | Interestingly, WW2 was one of these times.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Barbarossa might have a word with you... And the
               | Holocaust only got really going after that. So how again
               | were Germany and Russia _friendly_ during WW2?
        
               | rr888 wrote:
               | > So how again were Germany and Russia friendly during
               | WW2? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribben
               | trop_Pac... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93
               | Soviet_Boundary...
        
               | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
               | Germany and the USSR (there was no independent Russia at
               | that time) were not friendly in 1939. The Soviets signed
               | the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact because they knew Germany
               | planned to invade the USSR at some point, and they wanted
               | to buy time.
               | 
               | It was a scurrilous, unprincipled deal (much like
               | Poland's deal with Germany to divide up Czechoslovakia a
               | year earlier), but the Soviets didn't make it because
               | they were friends with Germany. They had actually
               | preferred to sign an alliance with France, in order to
               | protect Czechoslovakia, but that had failed due to a lack
               | of willingness from France and a refusal by Poland to
               | allow Soviet troops to cross Poland to reach
               | Czechoslovakia (for some reasons that were
               | understandable, given that the USSR and Poland had
               | recently fought a war, and also because Poland itself
               | wanted a piece of Czechoslovakia).
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | But times when Germany/predecessors and Russia hand been
           | allied haven't exactly been peaceful either. History is the
           | worst foreign policy advisor of them all.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Exactly. You can't safely drive forward by just looking in
             | the rearview mirror.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | The last time nowadays Russia and nowadays Germany were
             | allies was at the end of the Napoleanic Wars and during
             | Bismarcks, IMHO ingenious, coalition policy between the
             | large European powers. Back then we talk about _actual_
             | Emperors. After Bismarck, things deteriorated to WW1,
             | followed by WW2, in between both, the USSR ans Nazi-Germany
             | were short term allies for military build up and at the end
             | to split Poland. After that, both sides were totally not
             | allies. And after that we had the Cold War, which had
             | Eastern Europe under Communist rule but without any active
             | wars. Those were fought in Korea and Vietnam, withkut
             | German participation.
        
         | yrgulation wrote:
         | It's worse than you think. Germany blocked or was against a
         | large number of alternative pipelines and was preparing to
         | actively block nuclear at an eu level.
        
           | bpfrh wrote:
           | Which pipelines are you talking about?
           | 
           | "actively block at an eu level"
           | 
           | Do you mean not labeling investment in nuclear as green?
           | 
           | Because that is very fair, if I invest my money in "green
           | energy" I don't expect to fund nuclear.
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | So _nuclear_ (zero CO2 emissions) isn't "green" but _gas_
             | (CO2 + methane emissions) is?!
             | 
             | This is the reality of institutional stupidity at the
             | highest EU political levels.
        
               | f1shy wrote:
               | Believe it or not, the green party is one of the most
               | hard opponents to nuclear. Of course, they suggest the
               | alternative Wind+Solar, not gas.
        
               | DocTomoe wrote:
               | In fact, in the 1970s, the German Green Party proposed
               | replacing nuclear with more coal power plants.
               | 
               | They were anti-nuclear first, the whole CO2 thing only
               | ever started to get traction with them when they won
               | their first Atomausstieg and needed a new topic to
               | terrorise children into next-generation voters with.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | What was a bigger issue in 70s, 80s and 90s? Nuclear
               | power, Chernobyl just happened as did the Pershing
               | deployment, the Ozone layer or climate change? To answer
               | the question, climate cjange only recently got the
               | traction it deserves. Assuming you believe global warming
               | is an actual problem, and not just something evil Greens
               | and environmentalists are scaring our youth with.
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | > _they suggest the alternative Wind+Solar, not gas._
               | 
               | Storage technology to support an industrialized nation
               | with pure Wind+Solar does not exist, necessitating gas.
               | Advocating for Wind+Solar but not gas is like advocating
               | for building with lumber but not cutting down trees. One
               | inescapably implies the other.
        
           | stingraycharles wrote:
           | Why would they do that, what's their motivation?
        
             | glogla wrote:
             | Being "green".
        
               | yrgulation wrote:
               | Not just that. Keeping east europe under developed and
               | thus reliant on "eu funding" coupled with corruption and
               | sheer incompetence.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | Yeah, probably. The moment Germans started on EU level to
               | push natural gas (which burns into co2) as green and push
               | zero emission nuclear as not green, I stopped believing
               | they are more than Russian puppets or useful idiots.
        
             | f1shy wrote:
             | I think ideology. "Green movement"
        
             | tick_tock_tick wrote:
             | Merkel fucked loved Russia and China for some reason we'll
             | probably never know and that's pretty much the whole story.
        
             | adambyrtek wrote:
             | So that Gerhard Schroder could get a job at Gazprom: https:
             | //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der#Relation...
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | > In 2022, it was reported that Schroeder was paid nearly
               | $1 million per year by Russian energy companies.
               | 
               | Who knew sabotaging a continent's energy policy was so
               | affordable.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | Fossil fuel executives sure as hell do.
        
             | barbariangrunge wrote:
             | Question: could Russian disinformation have played a role
             | in germanys policy here? Perhaps they were pushing anti
             | nuclear viewpoints for a decade leading up to this?
             | 
             | To be clear, I have zero evidence either way, I'm just
             | curious how large an effect these campaigns have had on
             | public policy across the world
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | I think you're right. The anti-nuclear activists of the
               | 20th century focused as much on nuclear weapons as
               | nuclear energy, frequently conflating the two.
               | Furthermore these activists were almost always left wing
               | and had obvious affinity for their idealized vision of
               | what the Soviet Union was. I think the Soviets fomented
               | anti-nuclear sentiment in the west during the Cold War to
               | give themselves an edge in the nuclear arms buildup.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I wouldn't use that word. Germany made choices, and
               | believed in a way that Russia could be pulled westward.
               | Russia intended to use this belief to its own advantage
               | at Western Europe's expense. People pointed this out, but
               | German politicians shouted that down as cold war
               | thinking.
        
               | jmarbach wrote:
               | Of course, everyone is a booster for their own cause.
               | 
               | The angles of attack range from the top-down to the grass
               | roots. There are tactics for each (e.g. corrupting state
               | leaders vs controlling mass media narratives).
        
               | gadders wrote:
               | It's possible. They also push anti-fracking campaigns.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _Question: could Russian disinformation have played a
               | role in germanys policy here?_
               | 
               | As a German, no, that was quite voluntary. People like me
               | completely agreed. I only woke up on 24 February. I'm
               | from East Germany, speak some Russian, and have been to
               | Russia a few times, and to Ukraine too, for months
               | actually. I did not care about the Krim annexation
               | either. I think because it was peaceful, and because I
               | did not see Ukraine and its government in any better
               | light than the Russian one. The corruption problem was
               | (is? no idea now) real, and some really bad and shady
               | stuff happened in Ukraine.
               | 
               | The reason I turned is all because of the behavior and
               | the atrocities of Russia. My opinion does not require a
               | "good" Ukraine, so arguments like "but... corruption"
               | (for Ukraine) don't matter any more. To me, having seen
               | the incredible modernization of Russia - supported almost
               | completely by the West and a little bit from Asia, not
               | self-made, and then Putin's declarations about "war with
               | the West" was one of the things that turned me. You owe
               | the "evil West" BIG TIME! I actually have friends who
               | have done business in Russia since the 1990s, so I've
               | followed along the stories passively and still do.
               | 
               | No, you cannot blame Russia for what we Germans thought
               | and did before this war. I was for Nord Stream 2, I was
               | outraged about US interference when they pressured us to
               | stop the project, I was outraged when Trump made his
               | comments. This was not because of any "propaganda", that
               | was my own 100% self-made opinion. I only read some
               | mainstream news portal headlines to begin with, so I'm
               | not exposed to anything like those people in some
               | Telegram channels, or Stammtisch discussions in some
               | places in East Germany (I moved out of East Germany - and
               | in the end to the US for a long time - not long after
               | reunification).
               | 
               | You need to understand a lot of Germans, especially East
               | Germans of course, did not fear Russia but saw them as a
               | true partner. Putin spoke in the Bundestag in a "historic
               | speech"! They were mostly interesting to do business
               | with. They needed so much from us (and got it), and we
               | had good use for their oil and gas and metals and other
               | things. Business was really good, for both sides! We
               | ignored Russian aggressive moves with mostly just some
               | eye-rolling - "that's just how they are" but did not
               | think much of it.
               | 
               | Now, I see that Russian society as a whole has a big
               | problem. It's very far from only Putin being responsible.
               | If they don't lose _very_ hard they may develop like
               | Germany after WWI, thinking they only lost because of
               | "Dolchstosslegende" (stab in the back myth -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth). I
               | want us to ignore the nuclear threats and to sent Leopard
               | tanks and Marders. Biden too seems a bit afraid, e.g.
               | limiting rockets for HIMARs to the shortest range "to not
               | provoke Putin".
               | 
               | I find this strange, if the West wants Ukraine to win
               | Putin will be _very_ "provoked". What kind of conflict is
               | this when the enemy gets to decide which weapons out side
               | is allowed to use? Essentially, Putin now has veto power
               | over what weapons the West sends. I _hope_ there is more
               | going on underneath the surface, because this does not
               | make sense.
               | 
               | Maybe they _want_ Putin to invest more and more and grind
               | Russia down slowly? Losing too quickly would leave Russia
               | with too much left? Of course, the cost of such a
               | strategy would be borne by the Ukrainians, who pay in
               | blood. They may agree though, I don 't know, because only
               | a big loos for Russia would give them real peace instead
               | of just a pause. Just my speculations about why we hear
               | (tome) flimsy excuses instead of seeing more done to let
               | Ukraine win more quickly.
        
               | speeder wrote:
               | I am Brazillian but been following a lot of the events in
               | Europe for a while.
               | 
               | Something a lot people miss, is why Russia is doing what
               | they are doing, many assume they just want to conquer
               | Ukraine "just because", or that it is a purely cultural
               | issue, or that it is Putin personal design.
               | 
               | The major point of contention here is that USA and allies
               | (including NATO and the non-NATO members of Five Eyes)
               | have proven themselves to be very aggressive, there are
               | repeated claims that NATO is defensive, yet a lot of the
               | wars in the past 25 years were started by USA or allies
               | in first place.
               | 
               | So first thing is, yes, Russia has reason to fear USA.
               | 
               | The other problem here is strategic and geographic:
               | Russia border is enormous and in the middle of plains,
               | driving across the border with tanks and reaching Moscow
               | and other major population centers right now is something
               | trivial to do, Russia still didn't recovered properly
               | from WW2 and don't have the manpower to defend such huge
               | border from a land invasion.
               | 
               | When Putin says he is defending Russia survival, he is
               | speaking that literally, Russia border is a major
               | vulnerability.
               | 
               | There are basically three "good" solutions for this
               | problem:
               | 
               | 1. Have NATO disbanded or made much smaller. Or join NATO
               | in first place. It is obvious this won't happen and
               | Russia doesn't have the means to make it happen.
               | 
               | 2. Conquer surrounding countries until they reach the
               | mountains, that are easier to defend. This of course
               | would result in massive negative repercussions, also a
               | lot of countries that Russia would need to conquer for
               | this joined NATO.
               | 
               | 3. Convince somehow the countries between Russia and the
               | mountains, to be neutral and not accept NATO inside them.
               | This way if NATO decided to invade Russia by land, there
               | would be time to mount defenses.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | Russia was basically attempting to do the solution 3
               | using diplomacy. USA did their best to prevent that,
               | because it would be a victory for Russia and a clear loss
               | from USA point of view. Russia then decided that the
               | option left was force option 3. Attack Ukraine and force
               | them to be neutral.
               | 
               | It ALMOST worked, but the peace talks in march ended
               | being cancelled by the Ukranian side.
               | 
               | So plan became a mix of 2 and 3, conquer some parts of
               | Ukraine and keep trying to convince some "Neutrality"
               | peace.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | The problem now of trying to help Ukraine win, for
               | example by giving them tanks as you suggested, is that
               | option 3 would be gone, and Russia would see themselves
               | forced to use option 2. Russia not declaring war and
               | using "special operation" is meaningful, they are STILL
               | trying to do things semi-diplomatically, but as soon it
               | becomes clear this is impossible, things will be very
               | ugly.
               | 
               | Also Russia has a time limit here, their population is
               | still declining for various reasons (including a cycle
               | where each generation that is descendants of WW2 adults
               | are smaller than the others, Russia demography graph look
               | "wavy" because of this). They must solve the problem of
               | the massive hard to defend border with NATO "now", thus
               | they will get more and more desperate, the next
               | generations will be too small population-wise to defend
               | that border effectively.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | If NATO never had expanded right up the border with
               | Russia, all this would probably been avoided. Yes I know
               | people in the countries that border Russia that joined
               | NATO are happy with NATO and wanted to join, but this
               | doesn't change the fact that NATO members been attacking
               | other countries left and right, and Russia thus has all
               | the right to be terrified of NATO on their giant flat
               | plains border.
               | 
               | Still, NATO did. So what is left now? Ideally NATO should
               | pull back with the condition Russia pull back too, but I
               | think the chance of this happening is close to zero.
               | 
               | What will most likely happen is Russia will keep trying
               | to secure their border by any mean necessary. For NATO
               | this is in a sense a golden opportunity, it means they
               | can keep Russia busy there and grinding themselves to
               | dust as they try to get defensible borders.
               | 
               | But for me that is in Brazil, and I am not pro-Russia,
               | neither pro-USA, I think this is extremely dangerous,
               | because eventually there might be a situation, where the
               | only way for Russia to be safe, is if they turn the the
               | area between their border and the mountains into a
               | wasteland hard to cross, and decide to bomb the shit out
               | of the people there until all that is left is craters and
               | rubble that can be used for defensive purposes.
               | 
               | I see Ukranians having only these paths:
               | 
               | 1. Somehow, winning the war without getting bombed to
               | oblivion. (I think the chance of this working is minuscle
               | and not worth attempting for real).
               | 
               | 2. Fighting to win and get utterly annihilated
               | eventually, with Russia making sure the country becomes a
               | barrier between NATO and Moscow (unless Russia conquers
               | all of Ukraine first).
               | 
               | 3. Cutting their losses, giving Russia some territory
               | that moves the border away from Moscow, and pledging to
               | not help NATO invade Russia in the future.
               | 
               | EDIT: forgot option 4 here, because it is unthinkable,
               | but could happen: Ukraine attempts to win the war because
               | it convinced other countries to actually help them beat
               | Russia, for example with actual boots on the ground...
               | but this would turn into WW3, in this scenario everyone
               | loses.
        
               | qqqwerty wrote:
               | > It ALMOST worked, but the peace talks in march ended
               | being cancelled by the Ukrainian side.
               | 
               | This is a Russian talking point that has been getting
               | spread around the internet lately. Those talks failed
               | because Putin refused to negotiate on a few key items,
               | and it quickly became apparent that he was trying to use
               | those talks to buy time to regroup his forces after the
               | initial invasion. But lately, right wing leaning news
               | sources are now taking a quote from Boris Johnson out of
               | context to try and frame the failure of those talks as
               | some Western conspiracy to prolong the war.
        
               | thaufeki wrote:
               | >Maybe they want Putin to invest more and more and grind
               | Russia down slowly? Losing too quickly would leave Russia
               | with too much left? Of course, the cost of such a
               | strategy would be borne by the Ukrainians, who pay in
               | blood.
               | 
               | I think this has been the conventional wisdom for a
               | while. One thing I ask people who are vociferous in their
               | support of Ukraine (and our paying for that support) is,
               | how is this going to end?
               | 
               | Russia quietly bleeds out and overthrows Putin? Is that
               | realistic? If Putin is a madman dictator, do you really
               | think he'll just whimper and disappear? It seems
               | necessary that a negotiation take place at some point,
               | and that negotiation result in lost territory for
               | Ukraine. It's not a question of justice, but
               | practicality.
        
               | qqqwerty wrote:
               | Russia has a history of throwing out leaders after failed
               | wars. On one hand Putin appears to have a fairly tight
               | grip on power right now, but it doesn't take much to
               | actually execute a coup. A small group of of participants
               | to capture or kill him, and maybe one or two handshake
               | agreements with one of the many security or military
               | forces might be enough. There is a reason Putin has been
               | spending most of this war in his bunker after all. It is
               | certainly not because he fears attacks from Ukraine. He
               | know this war has greatly eroded his leverage over the
               | oligarchs and as such he is acting accordingly.
               | 
               | Of course it is hard to even put a probability on
               | something like this happening, but I think most folks are
               | underestimating the odds. It is one of those things that
               | feels very unlikely to happen, until it actually happens.
               | 
               | However, I do think that the highest probability outcome
               | is Ukraine and Russia end up roughly where they were
               | before the invasion, perhaps with slightly different
               | boundaries. If you were not aware Russia and Ukraine have
               | been at war for 8 years. For most of the years, it was
               | effectively a stalemate, with a handful skirmishes to
               | remind each other of the others presence. And the rest of
               | the world for the most part carried on with business as
               | usual. If feel like this is the most likely scenario, and
               | if this is where we end up, I think it was 100% worth the
               | cost as it means Ukraine maintains self-determination and
               | Russia likely learns a really hard lesson regarding its
               | Imperialistic ambitions.
        
               | 5560675260 wrote:
               | The result will not be just "lost territory" it's hundred
               | thousands people left in Russian bondage. And that will
               | not be the end of it - Putin will be back for more in a
               | year or two. There can be no peace as long as his regime
               | is in power and as long as russians cling to a fantasy of
               | living in an empire. I don't know how realistic is to
               | bleed Russia, but fighting it now is only viable option,
               | there is nothing else.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | Thanks for the perspective from east side of the wall.
               | 
               | It was not voted on directly. Like removal of Deutschmark
               | under Kohl, it was done by those governing without direct
               | vote. The people didn't react, so you get what you
               | tolerate.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | If you are talking about reunification, we, the East
               | Germans, definitely overwhelmingly wanted it. There was
               | no need for a referendum, I will make that claim.
               | 
               | Remaining blocked off by not having any real money (GDR
               | money was useless! Exchange rates, if you could exchange
               | at all, were astronomical when you add the fact that East
               | Germans had very little of even our own money to begin
               | with), after we finally got the wall down and saw in
               | brief visits to the West, getting _Begrussungsgeld_
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begr%C3%BC%C3%9Fungsgeld),
               | now we should stay isolated in East Germany?
               | 
               | Without reunification everybody who could would have
               | moved to the West. Even so that movement existed even
               | after reunification, but it was a lot less than it would
               | have been without reunification.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | Oh, to clarify -Reunification was needed. I paid that
               | payroll tax in the 1990s!
               | 
               | Russian energy dependence was not voted on. Green (reduce
               | nuke and coal) was enabled by votes for those people.
               | 
               | I think euro would not have been voted in by German
               | people, if they were allowed to vote on d-mark or euro in
               | 1997.
        
               | yrgulation wrote:
               | Fascinating how a large portion of germans were enamoured
               | with a murderous corrupt dictator yet they speak with
               | disgust about peaceful east european allies and look down
               | on them and sanction their economies at first signs of
               | dissent. Truly one for science books. Is it because of
               | the age old "dream" of sharing east europe with russia?
               | If so, east europe shouldnt sit idle. It should respond
               | in kin.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _they speak with disgust about peaceful east european
               | allies and look down on them and sanction their economies
               | at first signs of dissent_
               | 
               | Wow this is such a bad comment. I will even be so bold
               | and call it outright lies.
               | 
               | You seem to be talking about Hungary. A country that I
               | actually really like, I was there in my (East German)
               | youth three times, once on vacation with my parents,
               | twice in youth camps, an East German group among
               | Hungarian kids.
               | 
               | Hungary even then was very much oriented towards the West
               | and very modern. Even the ice cream selection was an
               | order of magnitude better than in East Germany, never
               | mind that one could buy Western music and magazines. I
               | loved the country. I loved the food. Well, maybe not some
               | parts of the rooster in my soup.
               | 
               | The problem with Hungary's government now is that they
               | are going down a path of "removing" any opposition and
               | have moved towards autocracy. If they remained a
               | democracy they could have whatever opinion they want. The
               | problem is not their stance towards sanctions, for
               | example, but that they are no longer a democracy.
               | 
               | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-
               | room/20220909IP...
               | 
               | That is not a German opinion, as you can see.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | Ok so you explained your love affair with Russia. Thank
               | you for that, very insightful and courageous.
               | 
               | But why the hate of nuclear? Was there a lot of
               | propaganda in the media how dangerous it is? I really
               | don't understand it. It gives clean energy independence
               | almost for free!
        
               | sgift wrote:
               | The Chernobyl disaster was a big part of it. I wasn't old
               | enough back then, but my parents told me how people were
               | told to not play outside with the children, not to drink
               | milk, eat things and so on. No one really knew what was
               | going on. That fear has always been a big part of the
               | anti-nuclear movement here in Germany.
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | Germans particularly have a lot of good reason to dislike
               | nuclear _weapons_. If the Soviet Union had ever sent
               | tanks through the Fulda Gap, NATO would have dropped a
               | lot of tactical nukes on Germany to stop it. They had
               | plans for it all drawn up, weapon systems invented
               | specifically for this, etc. NATO and the Soviets were
               | both planning to actually continue fighting through a
               | nuclear war. Those in power viewed a nuclear WW3 as a
               | salvageable situation from which one side might emerge
               | victorious, not the utter end of the world. Germans who
               | called the planned nuclear battlefield their home
               | obviously weren 't enamored with this idea.
               | 
               | But I think Cold War era anti-nuclear activists exploited
               | this rational fear of nuclear weapons to vilify nuclear
               | power as well, to weaken the capitalist West which they
               | almost universally opposed.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | This is beyond illogical.
               | 
               | Funny enough, _having_ nuclear weapons is _the best way
               | BAR NONE_ to avoid becoming a nuclear (or any other kind
               | of) battlefield.
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | There were a ton of nuclear weapons _in_ Germany, that
               | didn 't belong to Germany, and I think those nukes
               | ultimately dissuaded the feared war. It's easy to see in
               | hindsight that there was no war, but at the time the
               | situation seemed very dangerous.
        
         | d0mine wrote:
         | "Russia's decision" to introduce sanctions against itself /s
         | 
         | And many people just eat it up without questions :)
        
         | barbariangrunge wrote:
         | There is a penn and teller episode where they argued that
         | globalization was creating world peace. Basically, when
         | everyone's economies are so entangled, they said, nobody would
         | want to go to war because of how expensive it would be.
         | 
         | Their model, I think, only works for democracies. When a
         | dictator controls a country, and their quality of life remains
         | unchanged and revolves mostly around delusions of grandeur
         | (like an impetuous monarch centuries ago), that dynamic isn't
         | enough of a deterrent. It only works when the leadership is
         | sensitive to the well being of the country and it's people
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | Even for dictators, economic costs are a real barrier. You
           | can't loot from a broken economy in the future or build
           | vanity projects if there's no money. Economic interdependence
           | constrains authoritarians as well, just a bit less.
        
             | LeanderK wrote:
             | I think it is all a game of perception. If you think you
             | can muscle your way through, either quickly enough so that
             | no harm is done to your economy/population until your goal
             | is reached or if you perceive a weakness in the opposition,
             | a fear of taking action against you, then you see the move
             | as possible.
             | 
             | I think the line of thought that economic (co-)dependence
             | makes conflict impossible or leads to a more harmonious
             | relationship is probably the gravest error in german
             | foreign strategy. I think it's a reason behind both our
             | relationship with russia and china. But it assumes a
             | rational actor who's concern is the well-being of its
             | people. Putin doesn't care for his people, he cares for
             | power. He want's to increase his power, the stability of
             | his regime etc. He might have employed the same flawed
             | thinking to come to the conclusion that europe won't help
             | ukraine if it's dependent on russian energy.
             | 
             | In reality, economic costs only become apparent after the
             | harm is done. The greatest strategy crumbles if it is build
             | on flawed assumptions.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I don't think that's the strongest version of the
               | argument. I would boil it down to something along the
               | lines of economic relatedness building roadblocks and
               | off-ramps on the way to conflict. Trade gives some
               | opportunities for low risk retaliation that can be hashed
               | out and deescalated prior to any shooting happening. It
               | presents resistance that can slow things down. It
               | obviously can't prevent a determined large nation from
               | barreling through, but it's a layer of defense.
        
           | yonaguska wrote:
           | > Their model, I think, only works for democracies
           | 
           | I no longer believe that most "democracies" are actually
           | democratic in the sense that people are actually represented.
           | One keystone to a functioning democracy is transparency and
           | an informed populace. That population also needs to be
           | capable of shared coherent goals. Culture is programming for
           | the masses, and was once something established through blood.
           | Now, culture is established by media, and control by control
           | of information.
           | 
           | Dictators are just as beholden to culture as a tool for
           | control as are democratically elected leaders. If culture can
           | be manipulated in short order, consent can be manufactured,
           | then there's really not that much difference the
           | authoritarian by declaration versus the authoritarian by
           | "consent".
           | 
           | As long as people have there very most basic needs met, and
           | they are sufficiently convinced that there is no other
           | possibly better state of existence for them- they will live
           | and they will die to the benefit of the leaders subsisting
           | from their labor.
           | 
           | The real, current example of this would be the USA- we've
           | been in conflicts for the entire duration of my life, it
           | hasn't been cheap, but the expenses have been neatly placed
           | on the shoulders of people that will probably never even
           | realize the origin of the burden they bear.
           | 
           | In the meantime, the expenses of war need to be paid to
           | someone, and with a democracy supplanted by lobbyists, we are
           | saddled with a parasitical class of elected officials that do
           | not answer to votes.
           | 
           | tldr - Even in a global economy, wars will happen, because
           | all wars are just wars against the lower classes. War won't
           | stop until the standard of living of the elites are
           | threatened, regardless of the political system.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | > Their model, I think, only works for democracies.
           | 
           | Completely agree but I suspect democracy is not enough. When
           | a leader manages to assume a power that can be kept by other
           | means like nationalistic rhetoric or cultural issues they can
           | too engage in economically irrational politics.
           | 
           | People often rally behind ideas about god, identity or
           | ideology. In fact this is very natural and expected because
           | otherwise people could have accepted offers like "if you let
           | me exterminate this group of people I will give you gas at
           | discount".
        
           | mminer237 wrote:
           | It's notable that in 1909, people thought the world was so
           | interconnected that there could never be another general war
           | in Europe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Illusion
        
           | origin_path wrote:
           | Democracies have often gone to war. The usual formulation is
           | that no two democracies have ever gone to war with each other
           | but this is specious reasoning - it asserts causality without
           | even bothering to speculate as to an actual underlying cause,
           | probably because there isn't one and any attempts to argue
           | otherwise would immediately fall apart. Democracies have been
           | invading, overthrowing and subjugating other countries for a
           | long time.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | Dictators benefit from economic prosperity just as Democratic
           | leaders do: the propensity benefits those who keep them in
           | power. In a dictatorship, economic prosperity rarely benefits
           | the average citizen, but that's because the average citizen
           | isn't important to secure the dictators power.
           | 
           | You can see Putin paying a price for the continued economic
           | hardships. He is absolutely risking an end to his reign, but
           | apparently the possibility of glory is more important to him.
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | I suspect if Putin is removed the hard-liners behind him
             | will make things quite difficult for the west. Careful what
             | we wish for?
        
           | golemotron wrote:
           | > Their model, I think, only works for democracies.
           | 
           | I think it's simplistic to rely on that dichotomy when
           | unaccountable power dwells within countries and bodies like
           | the EU that are ostensibly democratic, and nearly every
           | government that is called authoritarian holds elections of
           | some sort and is subject to regime change irregardless.
           | 
           | It is more of a continuum than a sharp line.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > There is a penn and teller episode where they argued that
           | globalization was creating world peace.
           | 
           | This is something that worries me about covid supply chain
           | onshoring.
           | 
           | > Their model, I think, only works for democracies.
           | 
           | It's kept China in-line, but it's also made North Korea a
           | pariah state.
           | 
           | The other lesson we recently got in world peace is countries
           | with nukes can do what they want to countries without nukes.
           | Could be the US and Iraq or Russia and Ukraine.
        
             | barbariangrunge wrote:
             | > countries with nukes can do what they want
             | 
             | Tragedy of the commons: to save the world, we need to get
             | rid of all the nukes. But unless you have nukes, you are
             | helpless against everyone around you, so everyone has to
             | get nukes (or a trustworthy ally who has them)
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | > globalization was creating world peace.
           | 
           | Wait. I thought their brand was about making fun of BS? Did
           | they peddle BS themselves as an ironic gesture?
           | 
           | > Their model, I think, only works for democracies.
           | 
           | Like the nominal democracy the US of A?
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | That quote also mischaracterizes the decision. Cutting gas
         | supplies was retaliation for sanctions. It wasn't really
         | "Russia's decision" as much as it was western Europe's decision
         | to back Ukraine.
        
         | sleton38234234 wrote:
         | I think there's a bigger lesson to learn in all this:
         | Increasing Self sufficiency is really important both on the
         | country level and individual level.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | neonsunset wrote:
       | Imagine using easily expendable and non-renewable resources,
       | subjecting the very processes our civilization is sustained by to
       | a great risk of failure while having an almost inexhaustible
       | source of energy that was invented more than 50 years ago.
       | 
       | Surely that would be a madness and no reasonable organization
       | would do this, right?
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | According to IAEA data, there is considerably more minable coal
         | than uranium on earth (by extractible energy). Current nuclear
         | reactors are not scalable to global energy requirements.
        
           | neonsunset wrote:
        
           | Ruthalas wrote:
           | Is that "more" by mass, or energy content?
        
             | fsh wrote:
             | Energy content of course. Uranium contains quite some
             | energy, but it is also extremely rare. Without breeders, it
             | would be exhausted in a few years.
        
         | dopidopHN wrote:
         | Is the inexhaustible uranium in your comment?
         | 
         | I'm unclear. Uranium is fine. But it's totally exhaust-able.
        
       | FollowingTheDao wrote:
       | My serious question: Is this a way for the EU nations to quell
       | public uprisings from fuel shortages by limiting network
       | communications while not taking the blame for it?
        
         | amalter wrote:
         | No. They are talking about limited disruptions to limited areas
         | due to planned load shedding. If your power and phone are out
         | for 4-6 hours - is that going to suppress your ability to
         | protest?
         | 
         | I know I'm not supposed to do this, but is this "concern
         | trolling"? I can't see how you could get from A->B unless
         | you're trying to rabble rouse?
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | I got from A -> B because
           | 
           | https://www.wionews.com/photos/in-pics-protests-across-
           | europ...
           | 
           | https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/03/31/government-
           | internet...
           | 
           | It is not a fault, but a virtue to be suspicious of
           | governments during times of protest. Does a 4 hour black out
           | slow down protests? Probably not, but it does not stop
           | countries like India from constantly doing so:
           | 
           | https://therecord.media/governments-intentionally-shut-
           | down-...
           | 
           | Planting narratives in the media is not an unusual agency
           | tactic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_influence_on_public
           | _opinio...
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | I see a lot of confusion in the comments about why cell towers
       | would be impacted. Load shedding in the grid occurs across
       | regions of the grid. The power companies don't choose which
       | specific sites to cut off. If cellular infrastructure is in part
       | of the grid that gets disconnected, it will go down too (after
       | exhausting its backup supply).
       | 
       | The top priority for keeping power on goes to grid segments with
       | life-sustaining equipment. If you live within a grid segment that
       | also powers a hospital you will likely not be subject to load
       | shedding.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | The critical detail is that the batteries are configured for
         | standby service, not cycling service, which means that they
         | don't recharge quickly when power comes back on. They're set to
         | a float voltage which maximizes battery service life (years),
         | at the expense of cycle time (hours).
         | 
         | The first time power cuts, you might have 8-10 hours to run on
         | battery. But if it comes back on and then goes off again just a
         | few hours later, the batteries might've only recovered 3 hours
         | of charge. Increasing the recharge rate wouldn't be technically
         | complicated (just adjust the rectifier output), but it would
         | have a logistical cost: These rectifiers aren't designed to be
         | fiddled with so it would take a bit of skill, and someone with
         | that skill would have to visit every site.
         | 
         | Worse, by boosting the rectifier voltage, the batteries would
         | then fail faster, as commensurate with cycling rather than
         | standby service. A site that normally gets 10 years on its
         | battery plant might need new batteries every 3 years, for
         | instance. That's a bad deal.
         | 
         | (And no, the rectifiers simply are not set up to do multi-stage
         | charging. That would add a bunch of coordination and complexity
         | that's just not needed in standby service where they can output
         | a simple float voltage and be done with it. Changing that would
         | be a forklift upgrade, replacing the simple rectifiers with
         | complex chargers.)
         | 
         | It's reasonable that new sites may be installed with lithium
         | batteries someday instead of lead-acid, and that may already be
         | occurring in some places, and that would solve the problem
         | quite simply because lithium just has such higher charge
         | acceptance rates. You can float-charge a lithium and still use
         | it in cycling service because it absorbs charge much more
         | readily even on float. Lead-acids charge incredibly slowly on
         | float, which is fine in a standby application, but it might be
         | the Achilles' heel here.
        
           | Brusco_RF wrote:
           | You missed a critical point that by increasing the charge
           | rate of the battery you've also increased the load on the
           | grid, exacerbating the original problem.
        
             | abdullahkhalids wrote:
             | In Pakistan we have had daily blackouts for almost 15
             | years, though things were better in urban areas recently.
             | Basically, everyone in the middle class has a UPS, with
             | battery to power lights and fans for several hours. Except
             | these are maybe 70-80% efficient. So, yes, the grid has had
             | to deal with, in a very real way, with the increased power
             | demand of millions of households.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | The article seems to agree with your comment:
         | 
         | > "It [Enedis] said it was able to isolate sections of the
         | network to supply priority customers, such as hospitals, key
         | industrial installations and the military and that it was up to
         | local authorities to add telecoms operators infrastructure to
         | the list of priority customers."
         | 
         | This is also a good argument for mesh-networks between cell
         | phones independent of cell towers, although those don't scale
         | for large numbers connected phones and large numbers of users.
         | Texting could be supported via such mesh-nets easily I imagine,
         | but not video.
        
         | alibert wrote:
         | Indeed, a large part of cell towers are hosted on the rooftop
         | of residential buildings and mostly connected to the same
         | electrical network.
         | 
         | In France, most homes have a smartmeter (called "Linky") and
         | these could be used to have very precise load shedding (they
         | communicate with PLC) but I believe this feature is not
         | available or developed (yet?).
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | My first thought was actually that this was concerning EMP or
       | radiological issues if Putin goes nuclear.
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | If Europe's power systems are anything like those in the US,
         | Russia hopefully wouldn't risk a cascade failure going all the
         | way to Russia with an EMP.
        
           | gpvos wrote:
           | Europe's are actually a bit more robust, like the article
           | says. But still far from invulnerable.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I was thinking more about the electronics associate with
             | the towers and handsets.
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | That seems like a stretch
       | 
       | Mobile stations are usually very well prepared for power
       | redundancy
        
         | _trampeltier wrote:
         | Not as far, I know here in Europe. Why should they. For sure,
         | they have batterys for one hour or so. But there is no second
         | electric connection, to a diffrent electric grid. Something
         | like that does not really exist, because our electric grid was
         | not planed in mind for a such situation.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | Most main base stations have diesel generators, not second
           | power grid.
        
             | chinathrow wrote:
             | I am not so sure if this is true for mobile base stations
             | in Europe e.g. in cities, mounted on roofs of e.g. a church
             | or another building roof.
        
             | _trampeltier wrote:
             | Have you ever seen an antenna on a roof somewhere with a
             | diesel generator?
        
               | jcampbell1 wrote:
               | There is T-Mobile equipment on my building. They are
               | connected to the diesel generator circuit (shared with
               | the elevator) and have battery backup.
        
             | bobbob1921 wrote:
             | Or if like in USA commonly are fueled by natural gas
             | infrastructure, or propane in a tank (as well as the
             | Diesel, althou that is less common)
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | When we had a 6h power outage a few years ago in my city in
             | Germany, mobile services were completely down as well.
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | In Mexico power cuts are so frequent that most (probably all)
       | cell towers have batteries that last for an hour or two.
       | 
       | It's rare that power cuts last so long, usually it's like 10-15
       | mins, but I've experienced 3-4 hours cuts a couple of times over
       | the years. When I lived in Cancun these were more frequent
       | though, because AC consuming so much power during summer.
        
       | Aloha wrote:
       | I'm a former field engineer for a US Cellular carrier.
       | 
       | I don't understand how a two hour outage is a panic event, both
       | Cellular CO's and Cell Sites should have at least 3-4 hours of
       | holdover time. Thats just the standard of design.
       | 
       | Like, what happens if I storm blows thru, knocks down the
       | infrastructure, if you have heat related infrastructure failures,
       | or some other just normal failure - power outages happen, for
       | those sites in the states where long power outages are common
       | they'll have a permanent generator on site.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Same here and likewise baffled. TFA says:
         | 
         | > Europe has nearly half a million telecom towers and most of
         | them have battery backups that last around 30 minutes to run
         | the mobile antennas.
         | 
         | Which seems bonkers to me. Perhaps they deploy incredibly small
         | batteries because they're engineered for a different outage
         | profile than the US? Or perhaps the reporter is quoting
         | something inappropriately -- traditional large sites with many
         | hours, and many new small sites with no backup at all, might
         | well average out to 30 minutes.
         | 
         | I think there's real work to be done on improving bring-up time
         | when power returns, though. I worked on the EVDO rollout and
         | rebooting a site after work would take 20-30 minutes because
         | it's something that's only expected to happen once in a blue
         | moon. I believe if they relaxed GPS timing tolerances a bit and
         | optimized a few other things, this could be shortened to 5-ish
         | minutes without a whole lot of work.
        
           | Aloha wrote:
           | The Samsung gear I worked on would take about 10 min to come
           | back up, give or take. I know because I dropped a handful of
           | sites when I did power testing - visual inspection was not
           | always enough to verify if the power was wired correctly.
           | Most of them came back up in 10 min.. well, except once there
           | was one site that didn't come back because the Microwave
           | didn't like the power hit, lol - that required another tower
           | crew to revisit and hang a new RRU.
           | 
           | I just can't imagine power design is that different, I'm used
           | to these cabinets even in urban areas having 4 strings of
           | batteries in them, are they only building sites with a single
           | string in europe?
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | Just for some perspective: In my entire life in Germany, I
           | experienced two power outages, both more than 20 years ago.
           | The grid is rock-solid here; this might not warrant for huge
           | battery capacity in general (even though 30 minutes _does_
           | seem quite small).
        
             | Aloha wrote:
             | The grid in the states is rock solid here, in general -
             | certain cases not withstanding. Power distribution in the
             | states is largely arial, which means deeply effected by
             | large weather events, so while the power might be on - on
             | the transmission side - it doesnt mean that the
             | distribution side is in any condition to deliver any to you
             | at that moment. I cant say my overall experiences with
             | power are different than yours, I dont think I've ever had
             | an outage longer than one hour, and I've only had four
             | power loss events, each less than a half an hour in
             | duration over the last 20 years.
             | 
             | The US has many extreme weather events - Hurricanes,
             | Blizzards, Floods, Wind Storms, Ice Storms, Tornados,
             | Wildfires (yes, thats sorta weather), Heavy Rain events,
             | etc - that will often bring down trees onto distribution
             | circuits. I may be wrong, but I have the belief (based on
             | news reporting) that weather events which in the states are
             | considered 'normal' would be 'extreme' in Europe.
        
       | DoingIsLearning wrote:
       | Vodafone Portugal suffered an extremely successful cyber attack
       | in February 2022, taking down:
       | 
       | - 4G
       | 
       | - 5G
       | 
       | - Fixed voice
       | 
       | - Digital TV
       | 
       | - SMS
       | 
       | - voice
       | 
       | It took _several_ days to bring everything back online. [0]
       | 
       | No Ransomware requests issued, most likely a state actor.
       | 
       | Many people speculate the attack was a training ground for
       | Russian cyberwarfare.
       | 
       | I find this a much more likely failure mode for communications
       | (including emergency services) than network operators not
       | managing uptime because of blackouts.
       | 
       | [0] https://arstechnica.com/information-
       | technology/2022/02/vodaf...
        
       | rad_gruchalski wrote:
       | I live at a Germany/Belgium border, and have no mobile service
       | sometimes for days. So yeah, whatever...
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | I can understand why that'd happen. Where I live, in France atm,
       | there's _one_ cell tower around. And when it 's down, it's down.
       | I know because in June there have been one hour of electrical
       | blackout about once a week and, well, our smartphones weren't
       | working anymore. I don't even bother with an UPS or a 4G router
       | for my network: when there's no electricity, nothing is working
       | anymore anyway.
       | 
       | Stuff that keeps working for a few hours: the Kindle, tablet and
       | local files on the laptops. So there's that.
        
       | nivenkos wrote:
        
         | bitcharmer wrote:
         | So appeasement then? Please show one example when cowering to
         | the bully actually solved the issue.
        
         | COGlory wrote:
         | You can surely argue that it's not worth the cost in good
         | faith, but there's no way you can describe an invasion and
         | demands of territorial annexation as "reasonable" and still be
         | taken seriously.
        
           | leesalminen wrote:
           | I believe the parent was referring to Russia's demand that
           | the west agree to deny Ukraine membership to NATO and/or EU
           | now and in the future.
           | 
           | I'm not an expert on this though, that was just the
           | impression I got.
           | 
           | I don't think anyone could say what's happened since Feb is
           | "reasonable".
        
             | Huh1337 wrote:
             | How is that request in any way reasonable? It's an
             | independent, sovereign state. Would Russia listen to any
             | such requests or deem them reasonable?
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Make the case that it's unreasonable to not want Soviet
               | nukes in Cuba.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | Apples and oranges. US is not and never was plundering
               | Cuba, unlike Russians who plunder every single state in
               | their sphere of influence until nothing is left. This is
               | not about some nukes on Cuba, this is about living like a
               | normal person and not in a corrupt, fascist despotism
               | where you die decades prematurely and nobody cares.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | You're going to have a hell of a time convincing anyone
               | that the Cuban missile crisis nearly started a nuclear
               | war _because the US felt bad for Cuba_.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | I said it's apples to oranges, didn't I? This comparison
               | just makes no sense whatsoever.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | The comparison makes complete sense when we speak about
               | the roles of buffer states, which is the conversation
               | that the parent post started.
               | 
               | Your off-topic complaint that distracted from that point,
               | is that eastern imperialism was worse than western
               | imperialism. Maybe it's true, maybe it's not [1], but
               | it's not relevant to the subthread.
               | 
               | [1] It's difficult to have a meaningful conversation on
               | this subject, because every empire of note has a long
               | history of being smeared in shit, and spends a lot of
               | effort indoctrinating its subjects that its brand of
               | imperialism is way better than all the other ones.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | It's not off topic at all. If somebody abuses their
               | buffer states this much they can't have them. Perhaps
               | there wouldn't be such opposition to the claims of
               | reasonability of their request if the Russians treated
               | their buffer states nicely (or at least not so badly).
        
               | bskan wrote:
               | Talking about corrupt despotism it is not clear to me if
               | you are talking about Russia or Ukraine.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | Sure, Ukraine had - and still has - problems.
               | 
               | But one thing is to have your own problems, and entirely
               | another thing is to be forced to have Russian problems
               | and to have every hope for change destroyed by Russia
               | because it's threatening their position that they built
               | on sponsoring the corrupt people.
               | 
               | Consider that it was revealed that FSB has/had a massive
               | corruption campaign in Ukraine funded with billions of US
               | dollars _per year_. Let 's wait with judging Ukraine
               | until we can judge fairly.
        
               | itsyaboi wrote:
               | I'm curious what your definition of "plunder" is,
               | considering the USA's track record towards Cuba.
               | 
               | https://www.reformer.com/opinion/columnists/usategui-us-
               | poli...
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | Look up what the Russians did in Poland, Czechoslovakia,
               | Lithuania, Hungary etc. That's my definition. What the US
               | did is nowhere near that. My grandmother said she
               | preferred the Nazis to the Russians.
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | Of course Ukraine is an independent, sovereign state.
               | Russia wasn't making that demand of Ukraine, per se
               | (AFAICT). The demand was largely on existing NATO / EU
               | member states to actively deny any request from Ukraine
               | to join.
               | 
               | And, of course Russia would likely not acquiesce if such
               | a demand were placed on them.
               | 
               | I think whether that demand is reasonable or not depends
               | on one's perception. If one is a NATO ally or dependent,
               | then anything that limits or reduces NATO power is a bad
               | thing. If one is not, then demanding a buffer state
               | between the sides seems like a middle-ground compromise
               | from their point of view.
               | 
               | I'm only replying to these comments here to illustrate
               | the importance of looking at a scenario from your
               | opponent's point of view. Using the word "reasonable"
               | requires context and perception. No matter how much one
               | might disagree with the opponent, and how morally-right
               | your side is, it's still important to do. It helps one
               | understand their opponent's motivations and anticipated
               | outcomes.
        
               | Huh1337 wrote:
               | Well, as a citizen of one of the former buffer states, I
               | really don't think there's a single bit of reason in that
               | demand. I have the context and perception of living under
               | Russian rule. Russians don't just have buffer states -
               | they plunder them. Tens of millions of people in Ukraine
               | have done nothing to deserve this fate and now that I'm
               | also considered "the West" I won't let them fall into it
               | if I can help it.
               | 
               | Every single nation that ever had something to do with
               | them and was fortunate enough to leave their sphere of
               | influence is trying its hardest to join NATO, isn't that
               | a little telling? Perhaps Russia is not only looking for
               | buffer, but wants more?
        
             | gpvos wrote:
             | "Now" is actually reasonable. "In the future", not.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | Do you have a secret rulebook that I'm unaware of?
        
               | leesalminen wrote:
               | One could argue that acquiescing to the bully now will
               | make it harder to push-back in the future. From that
               | perspective, "now" isn't resaonable.
        
           | nivenkos wrote:
           | I meant his demands that the LPR and DPR hold recognised
           | referendums for independence, that Crimea be officially
           | transferred back to Russia (after being arbitrarily granted
           | to Ukraine by a Communist dictator), and Ukraine to remain
           | neutral.
           | 
           | https://www.reuters.com/world/kremlin-says-russian-
           | military-...
           | 
           | Fighting against those isn't worth hundreds of billions of
           | dollars and tens of thousands of lives. The first two will
           | continue to be problematic even if Ukraine wins.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | Mobile networks should of course be classified as critical
       | infrastructure, and thus be exempt from any rolling blackouts.
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | They already are. The article is just sensationalist. And from
         | all providers, they picked Deutsche Telekom, which is like the
         | provider with the worst reputation in terms of reliability and
         | service. Of course the german internet is in shambles if you
         | ask DTAG... because theirs is.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | > which is like the provider with the worst reputation in
           | terms of reliability and service
           | 
           | Every other provider would like a word with you. I don't even
           | think there's a good one outside tiny ones.
        
             | blueflow wrote:
             | Intentional superlative, DTAG is the worst, it doesn't say
             | the others are good. It just says they are less bad.
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | Too little time to implement that before the winter. Mobile
         | phones used to be supplemental to the old fixed phone network,
         | which _is_ on separate power.
        
       | torcete wrote:
       | USA is using and destroying Europe in its proxy war against
       | Russia.
        
         | _-david-_ wrote:
         | Maybe Europe should take responsibility for reckless energy
         | policies over multiple decades?
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | It's a little bit more complicated than that, much of Eastern
         | Europe is also happy to both make and hop into that bed.
        
       | izacus wrote:
       | I strongly strongly doubt that critical emergency call
       | infrastructure will be blacked out before literally anything
       | else.
       | 
       | Even when massive ice buildup took down a whole region's power
       | grid in my home EU country, mobile cell towers were the first to
       | be kept up and brought online to allow emergency services and
       | citizens to communicate.
       | 
       | This feels like a nothing burger from Reuters (which is
       | publishing some seriously dubious news these days).
        
         | Kye wrote:
         | The general vibe of quotes from governments/operators in the
         | article is they intend to find ways to keep essential services
         | running in the event outages last longer than a couple of
         | hours.
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | Indeed, they will just black out _together with_ everything
         | else. They are generally not on separate distribution circuits.
         | They do have some limited backup power though.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | The ones I was helping deploy usually had generators as
           | backup because the requirements from the government was that
           | emergency call infrastructure works when power goes out.
           | 
           | I can see smaller network operators save money on backups,
           | but major monopolies usually don't have a choice in this
           | manner.
           | 
           | So I wonder which regions don't do that?
        
             | bismuthcrystal wrote:
             | For how long can these generators run?
        
       | zanethomas wrote:
       | Easily predictable, and predicted, unintended consequence.
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Mobile networks are considered essential. They will be the last
       | thing to be turned off. I would expect trains to stop running
       | first and businesses having their power cut before any cell tower
       | would be affected.
       | 
       | I would also like the point out that network operators have
       | mobile cell towers they can deploy and do deploy during large
       | crowd events. These run for hours on diesel.
       | 
       | This is sensationalist journalism trying to sell papers. Every
       | paper will be reprinting this in their language as they do for
       | many reuters articles. Irresponsible IMO just like the weekly
       | nuclear holocaust headlines because of that reactor in Ukraine.
       | How about we educate the public instead of printing garbage
       | headlines?
        
       | antonymy wrote:
       | So it's not turning off mobile networks in particular, it's just
       | a general power shortage, a consequence of which might be some
       | cell service being interrupted. They made it sound like they were
       | going to shut off mobile networks specifically to save power,
       | which doesn't make sense for a couple of reasons.
       | 
       | Starting to feel like Reuters isn't worth my time anymore. Too
       | many clickbaity titles like this lately.
        
         | toyg wrote:
         | I was reading the other day that they've made dramatic cuts in
         | most of their local offices, and their material is now largely
         | produced in a central hub in a low-cost Eastern European
         | country. It shows.
        
           | throwie_wayward wrote:
           | they're running a business, after all.
        
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