[HN Gopher] Two hundred years ago, the Rosetta Stone unlocked th...
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       Two hundred years ago, the Rosetta Stone unlocked the secrets of
       ancient Egypt
        
       Author : rntn
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2022-09-27 12:28 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | pseingatl wrote:
       | Champollion's achievement was bad news for Joseph Smith. See,
       | *The Book of Abraham."
        
         | scrapcode wrote:
         | So, basically, it showed that he was completely making up his
         | 'translations' of hieroglyphs to say what he wanted them to say
         | while pinning them as words of God?
        
       | bobsmooth wrote:
       | So glad I was able to see it when I went to the British Museum.
        
       | keepquestioning wrote:
       | Why didnt Egyptians get industrial revolution or electricity?
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Are there coal deposits there? And some kind of use for the
         | energy?
        
         | danschuller wrote:
         | When the same is asked of the Romans a common reply is that
         | they had a mass of slave labour and that removes some of the
         | incentives for automation. But the Egyptians didn't even have
         | much knowledge of making iron until very late - contemporary
         | with ancient Greece or Rome.
         | 
         | This is a question I find fascinating too.
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
       | You can still walk right up to the Rosetta Stone in the British
       | Museum. It always has a big crowd around it. Don't bother taking
       | a picture of it, there are lots.
       | 
       | There are certain rockfaces in Australia covered with authentic
       | hieroglyphs, discovered last century sometime. Some of the glyphs
       | used only appeared in dictionaries in this century. Experts who
       | have examined it date the vocabulary used to late period, close
       | to 2000 years ago, just a few centuries before hieroglyphs were
       | abandoned and forgotten.
       | 
       | People in antiquity did get around. Just not always on an
       | industrial scale.
        
         | TSiege wrote:
         | Never heard of these glyphs in Australia before, but they seem
         | to have been debunked as fake pretty quickly. (Sources 1, 2)
         | 
         | That being said, Indigenous Australians of New South Wales
         | (where these phony glyphs are) have done a lot of impressive
         | things themselves and have an amazing history to learn an
         | appreciate all their own. The most famous I'm aware of was the
         | complex societies built upon massive fishery management.
         | (Sources 3, 4)
         | 
         | Sources:
         | 
         | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosford_Glyphs
         | 
         | 2: https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/tim-the-
         | yowie-...
         | 
         | 3:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewarrina_Aboriginal_Fish_Tra...
         | 
         | 4: https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Life/Ancient-Aboriginal-
         | fi...
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | It is always easy to claim things are a hoax. You don't even
           | need to look at them. How the hoaxers found out about glyphs
           | that had not been published yet seems to need explanation.
           | And that they actually spell words and sentences not about
           | gods or pharaohs, as sequences copied would have.
           | 
           | The Ceruti mastodon butchered near San Diego 130,000 ya is
           | one people tried really hard to debunk, and are now forced to
           | admit is real. Nobody has a clue if it was H.s, H.n, H.e, or
           | "others".
        
             | wl wrote:
             | If you copy signs from a Greco-Roman period inscription,
             | chances are good you'll copy a sign that's missing from
             | some Greco-Roman sign lists. There are just so many more
             | signs used in that period than the earlier periods--and the
             | work of cataloging them is still ongoing.
             | 
             | Looking at various pictures, I see many mistakes and the
             | signs are badly copied. Even assuming Egypt sent their
             | worst scribes to Australia, why would they be copying
             | fragments of standard funerary texts--for example--on
             | random rock walls far away from anything resembling an
             | Egyptian burial?
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | What funerary texts?
        
             | TSiege wrote:
             | I'm all for accepting evidence when it's there. I do
             | believe humans have been highly mobile for our entire
             | history. Hell, the ancestors of Aboriginal Australians
             | migrated to both Australia and Madagascar, proven by the
             | fact that Madagascans are genetically much more closely
             | related to Aboriginal Australians than Africans. The
             | debunking of these glyphs are quite thorough, and looking
             | at them as a lay person they look quite fresh. There's even
             | a local known nearby aboriginal site that is 250 years old
             | and looks it.
             | 
             | As for the mastodon, it's news to me, but I'm highly
             | suspect of any positive findings. I believe humans were in
             | the Americas before the widely touted 14,000 year mark.
             | There's solid evidence that Monte Verde in Chile could be
             | 30,000 years old, but maybe just 14,000 years ago. But
             | either way that's far into southern Chile begging the
             | question of when did humans really first arrive in America.
             | But as I said, 130,000 years ago? I'm skeptical, and so are
             | most anthropologists from what I'm seeing
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Madagascans are related to Indonesians, who like
               | Polynesians have been traced back, ultimately, to Taiwan.
               | There has been recent mixing with Australians. This
               | happened historically quite recently.
               | 
               | The marimba started life as the gamelan. The language is
               | also Indonesian.
               | 
               | The arrival is dated only 800ya.
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | No one is forced to admit it is real. In fact, if you read
             | the wikipedia article, there are a number of people
             | offering alternative explanations to explain the site.
             | 
             | But really, do you think there is a cabal of powerful
             | academics who have their identity so wrapped up in "Humans
             | only came to the Americas 25,000 years ago", that they
             | would try to explain away clear evidence of humans in the
             | Americas 130,000 years ago?
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Yet, astonishingly, did.
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5z3DbmOuaFI
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | Maybe if you find hominins in North America 130,000 years
               | ago difficult to contemplate, you will have greater
               | difficulty with 200,000 years?
               | 
               | Look up "Leakey Calico Early Human site". Yes, _that_
               | Leakey. National Geographic sponsored work. They dug down
               | dozens of feet, kept finding older worked stone. 1960s.
        
         | lock-the-spock wrote:
         | I believe up to a few years ago it was the original Rosetta
         | stone, but when I last visited 2-3 years ago it was just a copy
         | (with a sign explaining why).
        
       | lordleft wrote:
       | > (For a sense of just how long ancient Egypt thrived, writes
       | Dolnick, consider this: "Cleopatra came at the very end of
       | Egypt's imperial run, 13 centuries after King Tut, 20 centuries
       | after the golden age of Egyptian literature, 26 centuries after
       | the Great Pyramid." To put it in another context, the reign of
       | Cleopatra is closer to the year 2022 than it is to when the
       | pyramids were built.)
       | 
       | The scale of ancient civilization is always astounding to me.
        
         | retrac wrote:
         | As another bit of trivia, when Cleopatra and Caesar were
         | together, they toured Egypt. They almost certainly made a stop
         | at the Pyramids. (As much of a must-see in Egypt then as now!)
         | But they wouldn't have known, not with certainty, who built
         | them and when.
        
           | tiffanyh wrote:
           | > But they wouldn't have known, not with certainty, who built
           | them and when.
           | 
           | Are you referring to the long held contemporary debate on
           | whether or not Khufu built the pyramids?
           | 
           | https://www.gaia.com/article/book-of-enoch
        
             | alrlroipsp wrote:
             | Or rather the fact that they were like 1800 years old by
             | then.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | By the time of Cleopatra, written Egyptian had been dead
             | for hundreds of years. No one could read the old
             | inscriptions. Herodotus, some ~400 years before may have
             | had some access to records in some way, or oral tradition,
             | and he wrote an account of Cheops (Khufu) and the
             | construction of the Great Pyramid. An event more than 1000
             | years before Herodotus himself. How much of Herodotus was
             | myth and how much history was already under debate while he
             | was still alive, and it still is. Being able to read
             | Egyptian gave a whole new perspective in the 19th century:
             | Khufu's name is on the king's list at Abydos.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | I'm surprised at how such information could be lost over
               | generations. Yet, I recall having to read Shakespeare and
               | barely being able to glean meaning from the passages
               | despite them being written in English. If you go even
               | farther back to the works of Chaucer, the text is
               | essentially indecipherable for any layperson without a
               | teacher. And that is a span of only about 600 years. I
               | must admit that even reading the Federalist papers is a
               | little difficult and those are only a little more than
               | 200 years old.
               | 
               | It gives me a newfound appreciation for how much language
               | changes and the challenges of conveying information
               | across generations.
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | Our civilization has not collapsed since Shakespeare.
               | Ancient Egypt's did c. 1200 BC and never exactly
               | recovered in terms of literacy though remnants remained
               | into early Roman times. Then it was conquered by the
               | Greeks.
               | 
               | Mesopotamia was even more completely buried and
               | forgotten. A few names in the Bible, nothing more of the
               | history survived until rediscovered in modern times.
               | Around 400 BC, Xenophon returning from his campaign
               | against the Persians, marched past the ruins of a great
               | city. He was impressed with the size of it. The walls on
               | stone foundations 20 ft tall! They're still there today,
               | more or less. Perhaps the Medes had built it, according
               | to the locals. Not much was known of the Medes, to the
               | Greeks. It may have been quite ancient.
               | 
               | Xenophon did not know that it was Nineveh, the capital of
               | Assyria, last of the great Mesopotamian empires. It had
               | been destroyed some 200 years before in the final war
               | between Babylon and Assyria. The Mesopotamian cultural-
               | political system sort of fell apart after. The languages
               | of administration and history stopped being used. Written
               | records ceased. The Persians came to rule the area. Only
               | two hundred years and already forgotten.
        
               | wl wrote:
               | Knowledge of Egyptian hieroglyphs, hieratic, and demotic
               | didn't completely disappear until a few centuries into
               | the Christian era, evidenced by priests producing new
               | texts in these scripts. They even produced texts in
               | Middle Egyptian--the phase of the language beginning
               | approximately 2,000 BCE--almost to the end of the use of
               | Egyptian hieroglyphs. This thread is about a copy of the
               | Memphis Decree, a text written in two forms of written
               | Egyptian (hieroglyphs, Demotic) produced about 150 years
               | before Cleopatra.
        
       | wildpeaks wrote:
       | Seeing it in person at the British Museum is still one of my
       | fondest childhood memories.
        
         | quercusa wrote:
         | And one of my not-so-childhood memories.
        
       | The_suffocated wrote:
       | It was Joseph Fourier, the Fourier in Fourier transform, who
       | showed the then 11-years-old Jean-Francois Champollion a copy of
       | the Rosetta stone.
        
         | wl wrote:
         | Thomas Young, who made many important contributions to the
         | decipherment, was an influential physicist and mathematician.
         | He's largely responsible for the wave theory of light. Young's
         | modulus is named for him.
        
         | danschuller wrote:
         | That is a great factoid
        
       | jonnybgood wrote:
       | The British Museum has free ~20min tour guides scattered
       | throughout the museum who begin at set times. I stumbled into the
       | one for the Rosetta Stone and it was really informative.
        
         | ourmandave wrote:
         | There's been a bunch of articles lately about the British
         | Museum under pressure to return artifacts to their original
         | owners / nations.
         | 
         | The argument being they don't need the original and could make
         | a near perfect copy with 3D printing and display that.
        
           | fknorangesite wrote:
           | > The argument being they don't need the original and could
           | make a near perfect copy with 3D printing and display that.
           | 
           | Well, also the argument that they were looted and stolen in
           | the first place.
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | It's a controversial argument. Many of the chief pieces on
             | display were officially purchased from the country in
             | question.
        
               | ourmandave wrote:
               | Every piece has it's own story and a lot of research has
               | to go into each one.
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | Just like a lot of land in the United States was
               | _purchased_ from some Native American chief who may have
               | been bought off, or under duress to save his tribe.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | So can we reverse any trade because X centuries down the
               | road we don't like the outcome?
               | 
               | I said it was controversial, not wrong. There are two
               | sides to the argument.
        
               | Thrymr wrote:
               | Specifically, the Rosetta stone was looted by the French
               | during Napoleon's invasion of Egypt, and then carted away
               | by the British after they defeated the French. There are
               | two sides to this, but none of them are Egyptian.
        
               | ourmandave wrote:
               | No, the Egyptians want their shit back.
        
               | jl6 wrote:
               | It really is an oversimplification to apply modern
               | standards of property ownership to this situation.
               | Egyptian history, like most history, is the story of
               | might-makes-right usurpation. It's easy to paint the
               | French rediscoverers as looters, but the Ottoman
               | administration they took the stone from were not exactly
               | what we would call the rightful rulers either. Is it part
               | of the cultural heritage of the Egyptian peoples? Yes,
               | sort of, and that's what makes it complicated. I say sort
               | of because the cultural continuity from the stone's
               | origin to 1799 is somewhat suspect - the stone was being
               | used as building material, with no recognized historic
               | value. Hieroglyphics had been utterly forgotten. So yes,
               | it is part of Egyptian history, but it's also part of
               | French and British history. It's complicated.
        
               | gherkinnn wrote:
               | Who are the Egyptians? The Arabs got there in 700AD, long
               | after the Rosetta Stone had been engraved. Remnants of
               | the Copts perhaps? Maybe the Greeks want a piece of it
               | too. And it was Napoleon who found it, so surely Corsica
               | has a claim as well.
               | 
               | You have to tie yourself in to all sorts of knots to
               | untangle this Ship of Theseus.
               | 
               | And while where at it, all filth of Roman, Norse, Anglo-
               | Saxon, and Norman descent better fuck out of GB. It
               | belongs to the Celts and I want my Gaelic back.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | suzzer99 wrote:
               | The point is just because someone in some position of
               | authority (who may have been motivated by greed or fear)
               | at one time agreed to sell off land or precious
               | artifacts, that may not make it right to keep them.
        
           | bobsmooth wrote:
           | I think the priceless historical artifacts should be kept
           | where they can be properly maintained.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Brazil_fire
        
             | ourmandave wrote:
             | I can take better care of the stuff I stole than you.
        
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