[HN Gopher] Europe is in danger of rolling electricity shortages
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Europe is in danger of rolling electricity shortages
        
       Author : Vindl
       Score  : 172 points
       Date   : 2022-09-25 11:49 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Scary, especially in light of the coming winter. This does seem
       | to be ignoring some positives though - German putting some
       | nuclear shutdowns on hold and France is looking like they might
       | get their fleet back on track by beginning 2023 after they sorted
       | out their corrosion issues. UK just fasttracked fracking (sigh)
       | and sizewell C nuclear plant seems to have gotten the go ahead.
       | 
       | Quite unfortunate that the writeup is on twitter though. To fix
       | their broken UX you need threadreader and that in turn is broken
       | too: "The table below"...nope no table. Videos broken too. So now
       | you get to cross reference two broken platforms just to figure
       | out what someone is trying to say. sigh...
        
         | MisterSandman wrote:
         | Not saying this isn't bad, but as long as the blackouts are
         | frequent but short, I feel like heating is probably the least
         | of our worries? Heat stays in a room for a while and most
         | heaters don't stay on all day anyway.
         | 
         | This is, at least, from my experience living in India (in a
         | part where it does get cold). Heating was whatever since the
         | blackouts Werner long, and since blackouts are normal, we had
         | backup generators and UPSs for things like WiFi routers and
         | elevators.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | >German putting some nuclear shutdowns on hold
         | 
         | They put _two_ reactor shutdowns on hold in case OIL powered
         | floating generators wont suffice. Third one is being shut down
         | permanently just like russian friends requested.
         | https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/berlin-eyes-oil...
         | 
         | >But despite warnings of multi-hour blackouts, Economy and
         | Climate Action Minister Robert Habeck confirmed the country's
         | planned nuclear power phase-out by the end of 2022.
         | 
         | >Germany's nuclear exit will only be forestalled by a temporary
         | cold reserve of two power plants, which could be reactivated if
         | needed to ensure grid stability in the country's South
         | 
         | >On Monday, Berlin decided to mothball two of its nuclear
         | reactors for months despite a host of experts insisting they
         | continue running, while the third will be shut down completely,
         | to be replaced by swimming oil-fired power plants.
        
         | bArray wrote:
         | > German putting some nuclear shutdowns on hold
         | 
         | This is precisely what I had been jumping up and down about for
         | years, especially at the beginning of this year. The irony that
         | Germany doesn't want nuclear power internally, yet buys their
         | direct neighbour's nuclear power instead.
         | 
         | > France is looking like they might get their fleet back on
         | track by beginning 2023 after they sorted out their corrosion
         | issues
         | 
         | Apparently. I doubt it. Too little too late for this winter.
         | 
         | > UK just fasttracked fracking (sigh) and sizewell C nuclear
         | plant seems to have gotten the go ahead.
         | 
         | I'll take fracking over freezing to death. The alternative is
         | people will burn whatever is not nailed down, and you can bet
         | that would be worse. Sizewell C is too little too late. None of
         | this will make a difference this winter.
         | 
         | > Quite unfortunate that the writeup is on twitter though.
         | 
         | Something as important as this should be on a news outlet's
         | website. People most definitely need to see it and read it.
        
           | quonn wrote:
           | Actually Germany usually exports power to France. In fact
           | many of the nuclear plants in France don't work, especially
           | this year.
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | "usually" just means when their renewable power happens to
             | be running.
             | 
             | French have been using the last few years to do maintenance
             | on their nuclear plants.
             | 
             | Going into this winter, Germany will suffer far far more
             | than France.
        
               | quonn wrote:
               | Let's see. France heats with incredibly inefficient wall
               | heaters.
               | 
               | In any case, this winter is very special. It's not a good
               | example to make an argument for one technology or
               | another. Long-term I think Germany is better prepared. A
               | lot of work has been going into heat pumps, properly
               | isolating houses, renewables and so on.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | If you already have a system where everybody uses
               | electricity in house warming its far, far, far (and lots
               | more fars) easier to switch to heat pumps while in
               | Germany lots of houses have gas/oil heating. Going from
               | that to heat pumps is 100x more difficult and costly.
               | 
               | France is in a much better situation. Better isolation,
               | heat pumps are technology independent, you just need
               | reliable electricity.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | Actually it is the other way around. The houses designed
               | for electric heating usually don't have any heating pipes
               | but just resistive heaters as part of the floor. You
               | cannot convert that to heat pumps, you have to build a
               | new heating system into the house including laying pipes,
               | new floors.
               | 
               | On the other side, if you have a central heating system,
               | you can replace the burner with a heat pump and leave the
               | rest mostly unchanged. I say mostly, as you want to
               | optimize the whole system towards lower water
               | temperatures to get higher efficiencies of the heat
               | pumps. But this can be done, and if you have in-the-floor
               | heating already, this can be skipped as that works with
               | low water temperatures anyway.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | You can have airair pumps, but ye airwater or waterwater
               | (ground heat) is better. Especially if the house is not
               | small.
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | Switching from electric heaters to heat pumps is very
               | easy for the grid, but not at all easy in existing homes.
               | Central heating needs water pipes, which traditional
               | electric heating doesn't have. Adding the pipes is going
               | to be a major hassle.
               | 
               | I'm not sure if there is a major difference in
               | insulation. Old houses are in Germany are not great, new
               | houses usually are, and it's probably the same in France.
        
               | koheripbal wrote:
               | WINTER is a special case? Is this a serious comment?
               | 
               | If renewables cannot handle WINTER then that's pretty
               | telling of what quality of a solution it is.
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | Current existing renewables infrastructure, not renewable
               | energy theoretically. If you had no natural gas
               | infrastructure it would be useless.
        
               | algorias wrote:
               | We're talking about a winter with out-of-equilibrium
               | energy markets here, not generic winter.
        
               | hrpnk wrote:
               | You can watch live on https://app.electricitymaps.com/map
               | how cross-border exports look like across the countries.
               | There is also a historical view.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | Amazing that people shit on France when the have been
             | providing and exporting nuclear energy for 40 years. Saying
             | that nuclear plants don't work is just idiotic when at any
             | point you can look at CO2 intensity and France is always
             | among the very best, and the best for a country so
             | industrialized. And not just in the last 5 years, but the
             | last 30 years.
             | 
             | And the only reason nuclear plants in France have been down
             | this year, is because as always in the last 30 years, the
             | French Left attempted to kill nuclear and starting in 2015
             | started de-prioritizing it.
             | 
             | And those plans will soon be online when the maintenance is
             | done and then continue to provide green energy for decades.
             | 
             | The failure in France was to try to get away from nuclear
             | and stop building new plants. Instead starting to use more
             | and more gas.
             | 
             | France had amazingly advanced nuclear plants ready for to
             | be built in large numbers to secure the future. But guess
             | what happen, the French Left (with Greens) killed these
             | programs.
             | 
             | French nuclear works fine, and has been for 40 years. Had
             | other countries acted like France we would be in a much
             | better situation now.
             | 
             | And I for one would prefer some temporarily offline plants
             | rather then breathing lots and lots of coal dust.
        
               | daniel-cussen wrote:
               | Yeah it's political. Greens have to get their money from
               | somewhere, plus...plus sometimes people fuck up 200%. Not
               | only not be in favor of something, and be neutral, that
               | would be 100%. 200%, being doggedly against the only
               | solution.
               | 
               | I consider evangelical Christians to have fucked up 200%
               | with their response to gay marriage, instead of fighting
               | it they should have made it mandatory, much better for
               | the current spread of untold sexual diseases, not only
               | the ones you've heard of, but thousands of new ones. All
               | because they couldn't form the only bubble (group of sex
               | partners) that actually works, a bubble of two. Marriage.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | > German putting some nuclear shutdowns on hold
         | 
         | ... or at least we "want" to do that, but it turns out that
         | some operators of nuclear power plants have delayed some much-
         | needed maintenance in light of the upcoming shutdown, so at
         | least Isar 2 doesn't seem to be ready to operate longer.
         | 
         | And all the Bavarian politicians have "accidentally" failed to
         | disclose this until far too late (in Bavaria, CSU is the
         | dominant political party, and they aren't in power at the
         | federal level right now, so don't feel compelled to play nice).
        
       | michaelwww wrote:
       | One day I noticed I only had a jar of mayo in the fridge so I
       | decided to do an experiment and turn my refrigerator off. I cut
       | my electricity bill in half. I'm able to get by on food that
       | doesn't need to be refrigerated.
        
       | jhoechtl wrote:
       | I carefully read many of the well recherched comments.
       | 
       | My take-away: Green parties all over Europe were in dictatorship
       | of the accepted moral public opinion, making fun of counter
       | arguments and led Europe (just Germany?) into the missery they
       | are in now.
        
         | thoughtstheseus wrote:
         | Mostly Germany. France has a diversified national energy
         | strategy of nuclear and gas from many areas.
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | And yet it was Germany which through this summer increased
           | the power generation and exports to replace the missing
           | French nuclear power in the European grid and keep it stable.
        
             | thoughtstheseus wrote:
             | Europe is saving its non-gas power generation for when they
             | lose gas access.. That seems like an ok approach
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | This is exactly the wrong moment to be deciding policy by
       | tweetstorm. These issues _require_ an engineering report to
       | digest, not soundbites. This person may not intend to produce
       | soundbites, but if it makes a good Twitter chain it is a string
       | of sound bites.
       | 
       | I can't distinguish this thread from one of those crazy-lists
       | people sometimes put together. It is too disjointed and lacks
       | citations or developed thoughts.
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | I just read the screenshots of an actual article at the top. I
         | mean, why isn't that article what was linked to?
         | 
         | Ugh. I hate Twitter.
        
         | libertine wrote:
         | Or at least we have to assume that the people that managed to
         | make the feat that he boasts about, know what they are doing:
         | 
         | > _The European electricity grid is a modern miracle. It is the
         | largest synchronous electrical grid (by connected power) in the
         | world. It interconnects 520 million end-customers in 32
         | countries, including non-European Union members such as Morocco
         | or Turkey._
         | 
         | But then he makes a sharp turn to:
         | 
         | > _Here is the thing. The grid builds on physics, not
         | ideology.(...)_
         | 
         | ...So is the grid a feat of engineering, or ideology? Haven 't
         | the decision makers being in contact with the ones who built
         | and maintain this "modern miracle"? Or was this modern miracle
         | the product of pure luck?
         | 
         | To end up on:
         | 
         | > _What am I trying to explain?_
         | 
         | > _Europe will NOT deliver on its climate targets._
         | 
         | > _The energy transition is an order of mangnitude more complex
         | than laws or ideology allow for. Accept._
         | 
         | Ok.
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | > non-European Union members such as
           | 
           | and since 2022, also Ukraine and Moldova
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Aparently those people creating the grid have been replaced,
           | at all levels, by ideological do gooders led by politicians
           | with the sole goal of ruining industry and living standards.
           | According to authors like the one who's article we are
           | discussing.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | libertine wrote:
        
         | guidethought wrote:
         | I read it as 'guided thinking', but won't sound offending you.
         | So please keep your mind eye spinning for a moment about this
         | (missquoted): 'First, who keep you consumers honest about
         | what's essential?'
         | 
         | This may be another 'sound-bite', you named it so, but (another
         | OT) i was asking myself, the 100% loss at the moscow-stock-
         | exchange (on friday!?) wich about i read yesterday, where did
         | the losses went... and maybe with another (there was a
         | 'unuseful'-swinging within what you wrote) 'sound-bit' you may
         | become a larger view (perception ? perspective...word-
         | list...full-text...what ever, feel free to name it by
         | yourself... and good luck to estimate what may be in your
         | intention, and what...^^), which is commanded right for your
         | (opened) eyes... (-:
         | 
         |  _hu_ well now for my own, i thought that was a bit
         | 'offending' never mind...
        
       | thrown_22 wrote:
       | There are far too many people who don't understand the difference
       | between power and energy.
       | 
       | If you give me a lump of coal you give me power. If I burn that
       | coal I get power.
       | 
       | Renewable energy is cheap. Renewable power isn't.
       | 
       | Nuclear energy is expensive. Nuclear power isn't.
       | 
       | You can't run a modern economy on renewables because you can't
       | turn off society when the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't
       | blow.
       | 
       | Europe is now learning this painful lesson.
        
         | khariel wrote:
         | > If you give me a lump of coal you give me power.
         | 
         | Did you mean energy here?
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | Typical nuclear fanboy.
         | 
         | Nobody is running on renewables. Well, there are some
         | exceptions. Countries like Norway and Sweden have enough hydro
         | that they do run on renewables. But ignoring those, nobody
         | does.
         | 
         | Wind and solar pairs well with natural gas. Coming from a
         | fossil fuel situation, wind and solar paired with gas have the
         | big advantage that you get a reliable system, easy reduction of
         | CO2 by adding more wind and solar. And it is cheap.
         | 
         | New nuclear is not cheap (compared to Russian gas).
         | 
         | Of course where this failed was in the gas part. Obviously,
         | wind and solar need to be blamed for the lack of Russian gas.
         | Same with Texas, when something goes wrong, blame renewables.
         | 
         | The obvious problem, for both renewables and for nuclear is
         | cheap fossil fuel.
         | 
         | Expensive fossil fuel might make nuclear attractive.
         | 
         | Expensive fossil fuel will result in a focus on storage. But
         | before that, most EU countries need a lot more wind and solar
         | before they can focus on storage. There is no point in focusing
         | on storage if output of renewables can't keep up with demand.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | Won't you just need 10x capacity spread over a large area with
         | good transfer connections.
         | 
         | Maybe, a but if pumped hydro, some batteries, and power
         | intensive industries running only when power is cheap?
         | 
         | (Not that nuclear wouldn't be nice, it's just never quick fix)
        
           | thrown_22 wrote:
           | >What if we turned off society whenever the sun stopped
           | shining?
           | 
           | Sure. Hope you don't have anything important running on
           | electricity, like say life support systems.
        
       | frank_bb wrote:
        
       | tluyben2 wrote:
       | I am happy I got solar earlier this year. I thought it would be
       | very expensive but we are very frugal with energy and it only was
       | 7k euro to go off grid. During the day we can run anything (tons
       | of sun so washing, dish washing, etc etc), during the night less
       | so but we go to bed early (21:00) and get up at 5.
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | Did you have to go through a lot of bureaucracy to get the
         | whole thing installed?
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | No, because I am not connected to the grid. If I wanted to
           | be, it's a big hassle.
        
             | bogomipz wrote:
             | Does this mean that the solar elements are not connected to
             | the grid, i.e you don't send your excess back to the energy
             | company's grid or does it mean that your only power is
             | solar? If is the former how does that work in practice you
             | have different circuits for connected to the solar stuff?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | This is the key. Disconnected from the grid makes
             | everything simpler and cheaper.
        
         | bArray wrote:
         | Next investment for you then would be chemical batteries to
         | store power.
         | 
         | Given that you are paying in Euros, how do you expect to get
         | enough solar energy over winter?
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | Where I live (Portugal) I already did many winters with solar
           | when renting; I had the generator on a few hours 1 day in 1
           | year, the rest was enough sun to make it work.
           | 
           | Same in Spain when I lived there.
        
             | quonn wrote:
             | How many square meters solar and how much did you get out
             | of it? Did you use a battery?
        
         | NKosmatos wrote:
         | Good for you. That's the best way to go, solar on the roof and
         | batteries down the basement so as to be as independent as
         | possible. Wish I could do the same.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Solar installers here in the UK have literal years of backlog
         | and are either not returning calls or quoting installation
         | dates in 2024.
        
           | cypress66 wrote:
           | Doesn't UK weather make solar a bad idea?
        
             | perlgeek wrote:
             | Ever-dropping prices for solar panels are slowly making it
             | economically feasible where it used to be a bad idea.
             | 
             | According to https://uk.renogy.com/blog/what-is-the-
             | average-payback-perio... the payback time is now around
             | 12-18 years, which is worse than here in Germany (I did a
             | calculation for a small 600W installation in my area, and
             | it came back with 8 years), but still better than the
             | expected life time (20-25 years). This data is from 2021,
             | maybe rising energy prices will lower the amortization
             | time.
             | 
             | In general, smaller installations have lower amortization
             | times, because the higher percentage of power produced that
             | you consume yourself (and you pay more for a kWh than you
             | get for selling one).
        
             | teamonkey wrote:
             | Not a bad idea, just with a longer break-even point than
             | many people can stomach. If you treat it as a long-term
             | investment it still performs well enough with very little
             | risk.
             | 
             | It wouldn't help in the case of these energy shortages
             | though, unless you're fully off-grid, as by law grid-tied
             | inverters must shut off in the case of a black out, in
             | order to prevent feedback to the grid.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Plenty of people seem to have it.
        
         | nine_zeros wrote:
         | We keep talking about alternative energy's importance in
         | reducing fossil fuel emissions. But here is another example of
         | why alternative energy is so important. It provides
         | diversification from shortages and geopolitical nonsense that
         | can your lifestyle.
         | 
         | If you can get solar for yourself, get it while still being
         | connected to the electric grid. You will have a much more
         | reliable energy system than just relying on the grid.
        
           | fy20 wrote:
           | Solar alone won't do anything to make it more reliable as the
           | inverter will shut down if the grid goes down. This is a
           | safety feature, as if the grid is shut down for maintenance
           | you don't want inverters feeding anything in.
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | I agree but here you have to spend a lot more and do a lot of
           | paperwork to connect to the grid; easier to just go off. But
           | yes, you are right.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | I'm happy for you as big fan of the nuclear reactor in the
         | skies. I wonder though, what is the feasibility of energy
         | storage? Is it too expensive to have enough storage till
         | midnight?
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | And in the mist of this chaos they want everyone to switch to
       | electric cars, how do they plan to charge them?
        
         | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
         | rat87 wrote:
         | With electricity
         | 
         | What a silly comment. The switch over to an electric cars is a
         | multi year process that will take at least until 2030 just for
         | new cars. The current problems won't last nearlt that long
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Someone forgot the laws of physics regarding electricy
           | production for the amount of cars in transit.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Petrol prices rising are part of this crisis too.
             | 
             | Most EVs are charged over night, when grid usage is low.
             | Doesn't that maximise the use of a strained system?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Most countries need their electrical heaters and cooking
               | stoves as well during the night.
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Yes but lights are turned off, factories are turned off,
               | trains aren't running and many other things as well. And
               | most people don't cook during the night.
        
               | thrown_22 wrote:
               | Right, so we just need to burn natural gas to meet that
               | new demand. We can get that from ... oh.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | For peak load, yes, but base load has a lot of nuclear.
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | What the efficiency of electric motor vs ice since you seem
             | to be physics buf?
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | We are discussing the efficiency of the electric power
               | grid to charge all existing vehicles from 2022, assuming
               | they would be all electric as of tomorrow.
        
               | dilyevsky wrote:
               | Sure but they won't be tomorrow, not in 10 years. Even so
               | burning crude at a power plant and powering electric
               | motor should be more efficient per mile travelled than
               | ice
        
       | locallost wrote:
       | I read the whole thread. At one point he goes on and on how
       | France is shaky because their nuclear plants are offline caused
       | by corrosion issues etc. On the very next tweet he blasts Germany
       | for prematurely shutting down "the most reliable energy source
       | nuclear". Well if they're reliable, why is France in this world
       | of hurt right now?
       | 
       | I agree about one thing, and that it really is a perfect storm of
       | issues, and that the winter will be very rough. I hope it brings
       | a needed change in a lot of ways.
       | 
       | The part about renewables requiring trillions in investment to
       | replace nuclear I didn't get at all - they're the cheapest
       | possible solution. New nuclear that is needed would be even
       | worse. If he thinks they're expensive, don't know what else is
       | there. My guess is that renewables will continue to be a huge
       | winner, especially in this crisis. Even Macron came out a couple
       | days ago and said France needs to build more renewable capacity
       | and ease regulations and remove road blocks. That was a huge
       | shock for me.
        
         | AnonCoward42 wrote:
         | > The part about renewables requiring trillions in investment
         | to replace nuclear I didn't get at all - they're the cheapest
         | possible solution.
         | 
         | The problem with renewable energies in Germany is that we do
         | not have (or can't get?) enough water power plants. Solar
         | energy doesn't really work at all, because energy is also
         | needed at night and wind energy is also not very reliable. To
         | compensate for this you need even more wind turbines. The
         | assumption here seems to be that these are really better for
         | the climate, but I don't see that either if you have to use
         | that much resources to build these to compensate for miniscule
         | amounts of basic electricity load.
         | 
         | > My guess is that renewables will continue to be a huge
         | winner, especially in this crisis.
         | 
         | Winner of what? In Germany we have thousands of thousands of
         | wind turbines and still we are sliding into an energy crisis.
         | Sure, some days they probably could produce 100% of the
         | electricity demand, but some days they barely produce any
         | electricity. The idea was to compensate with gas power plants
         | ...
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | The idea was to build offshore wind farms, but there was a
           | lot of complaining about "subsidies" from the right so the
           | government effectively blocked them. Imagine if offshore wind
           | had been being built by Germany (and all the other EU nations
           | that fell for the same BS) at full speed since 2012.
           | 
           | We'd have a lot more cheaper power and a lot less Government
           | subsidies.
        
         | autokad wrote:
         | you have to ask yourself what 'reliable' means. Its my
         | understanding that nuclear is called 'reliable' due to the
         | availability of the fuel source as well as the constant
         | electricity output it produces (its very stable / constant ).
         | 
         | That speaks nothing to the 'reliability of keeping plants
         | online' that you are referring to. even if the reliability
         | referred to by the author was claiming they are easy to keep
         | online, that doesn't except France from the need of keeping
         | good maintenance of the plants.
         | 
         | Now the 2nd part on your claim about renewables. most claims in
         | output and gains in renewables include hydro electric (which is
         | kind of weird since the super green crowd villainised hydro
         | electric ), which is a great solution but unfortunately most of
         | the best opportunities for hydro electric have already been
         | exploited. wind and solar makes sense in certain situations,
         | but in most it doesnt.
         | 
         | renewables should be part of the planning as much as possible,
         | but they are not in a position to help Europe in its current
         | situation. Germany's decision to shut down nuclear power plants
         | just after fukushima because it was the social media hip thing
         | to do at the time, has been a disastrous decision.
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | The decision to wind down nuclear was made almost 10 years
           | before Fukushima and it was Merkel who initially postponed
           | the decision. Once Fukushima happened they figured it wasn't
           | such a hot idea to have decades old plants running. So it has
           | nothing to do with hip.
        
         | arvonle wrote:
         | Numerous French nuclear plants are past due date but their
         | lifespans have been extended beyond their expected lifespans
         | for what looks to me like political and economic reasons -
         | instead of building new ones in time to handle the transition.
         | 
         | I do not know what the intersection is with the set of reactors
         | that had to be shut down. One must understand that EDF is under
         | immense pressure as an underfunded public provider, as it is
         | forced to comply with price regulations (out of its own pockets
         | as the government owes it a lot of money that curiously fails
         | to be paid back), provides electricity at a discount to other
         | European countries - someone has to compensate for Germany's
         | plant closures - and private providers - which do not produce
         | anyhting, they buy power at a discount from EDF then resell it
         | to French people at a markup et voila. EDF is also bound by law
         | to buy solar energy produced by homes for a higher price than
         | they end up selling it later on.
         | 
         | Basically my argument is that this might have less to do with
         | the reliability of nuclear energy and more with how the EU, the
         | govt and private parties rip EDF off while leaving it with no
         | option as to what to do with its aging nuclear park.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | > Well if they're reliable, why is France in this world of hurt
         | right now?
         | 
         | This an exceedingly intellectually lazy argument which shows
         | that you're either horribly biased (and never engaged with the
         | reading material properly) or didn't even spend a minute
         | thinking through what you're asking. It's somewhere on the
         | level of "well, why is there snow in New York if global warming
         | is happening HUUUUH?!".
         | 
         | (Not to mention that the French nukes are in process of being
         | started already.)
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | They're in the process of being started for months now. It's
           | even mentioned in the tweets that EdF has a poor track record
           | of keeping their word. How much I would know if I would only
           | read the material properly.
           | 
           | Reliability is a word and it has a meaning. With that in mind
           | nothing beats renewables because the tech just works and
           | they're so decentralized that a glitch of huge proportions
           | would be needed to make them not work as designed. On the
           | other hand a huge power plant can go out unexpectedly and
           | take a massive part of the grid offline just as unexpectedly.
           | That's unreliable and it's in fact what has happened this
           | year.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | >They're in the process of being started for months now
             | 
             | Of course they are, that's how they work. 6 of them came
             | online in last two weeks. But that's not what you were
             | honestly implying there, is it?
             | 
             | > Reliability is a word and it has a meaning. With that in
             | mind nothing beats renewables because the tech just works
             | and they're so decentralized that a glitch of huge
             | proportions would be needed to make them not work as
             | designed. On the other hand a huge power plant can go out
             | unexpectedly and take a massive part of the grid offline
             | just as unexpectedly. That's unreliable and it's in fact
             | what has happened this year.
             | 
             | Whatever meaning "reliability" has (especially in practical
             | terms of you getting your power), it's really not what you
             | wrote in the other sentences. Especially it's not a word
             | that means "ignoring drawbacks of whichever option I like."
        
           | zh3 wrote:
           | Erm, EDF. I'm in favour of nuclear, but EDF/Hinckley Point
           | are how not to do it (I think the only residential consumers
           | they have left have failed to do any sort of shopping
           | around/don't care about the cost - very possibly different
           | for business/vested interests).
        
             | pjerem wrote:
             | That's not the whole story. EDF is a very competent company
             | which have everything needed to provide cheap electricity
             | to the whole country while making money.
             | 
             | The point is (and I think it's a scandal) that EDF is
             | forced, by law, to resell its nuclear electricity to its
             | competitors at an under the market price.
             | 
             | EDF is also required to offer an electricity plan with a
             | law fixed price. Which is a good thing because
             | historically, it allowed end users not to suffer from
             | market price fluctuations.
             | 
             | Now what is happening is that all those fake competitors
             | that did resell EDF electricity cheaper than EDF offerings,
             | took their margin for more than a decade and are now asking
             | their customer to unsubscribe and to go back to the EDF
             | fixed-by-law offer.
        
           | mijoharas wrote:
           | I don't think that's fair.
           | 
           | If almost 40% of french nuclear is offline right now[0][1]
           | then I think it's reasonable to ask questions about
           | reliability.
           | 
           | Could you explain how the position is lazy?
           | 
           | (Note: I'm in favour of nuclear power)
           | 
           | [0]
           | https://twitter.com/BurggrabenH/status/1567971418255532035
           | 
           | [1] Our forecast is for 59% utilisation or 315TWh based on
           | EDF's guidance.
        
             | chiph wrote:
             | The French reactors were taken offline for scheduled
             | maintenance and repairs. Those hours don't count against
             | reliability metrics because the plants weren't expected to
             | be operating.
             | 
             | The argument is lazy because it's false equivalence. A
             | power plant failing suddenly is not the same thing as a
             | power plant being taken offline to fix a known issue.
             | 
             |  _edit:_ EDF has announced that they will be restarting
             | their nuclear plants by winter. How this plays into the
             | Russian gas shortage is that France also generates a lot of
             | electricity off natural gas. By working to get the nuclear
             | plants running by winter they won 't need to run their
             | natural gas generation plants, leaving more gas to be used
             | for industrial purposes & home heating.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7BlzKHfxPk
        
               | mijoharas wrote:
               | Thank you.
        
               | brazzy wrote:
               | > The French reactors were taken offline for scheduled
               | maintenance and repairs. Those hours don't count against
               | reliability metrics because the plants weren't expected
               | to be operating.
               | 
               | That is a lie. A total of 12 reactors are down for
               | unscheduled repairs because of corrosion damage that was
               | found during inspections in October 2021.
               | 
               | Some of the others are down unscheduled because they used
               | river water for cooling, which due to the hot and dry
               | summer threatened the rivers' ecosystem.
        
             | mijoharas wrote:
             | If you're arguing that the French nuclear run by EDF is
             | unreliable, while the German nuclear power was reliable
             | I'll grant that, but that wasn't what I took from your
             | comment. (It's possible I misinterpreted)
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | For starters: to compare reliability (which is a
             | statistic), you need to first look at more than a single
             | anecdotal time sample.
             | 
             | This is like... highschool level stuff. (Which is also the
             | reason why I have very little will to refute your points,
             | because they seem to be done from either dishonesty or
             | ignorance. Anyone on HN is old enough to understand why
             | anecdotal single sample evidence is not a way to refute
             | statistical phenomena).
             | 
             | That is to say - even if EDF massively, critically fscked
             | up this time, it has little effect to the reliability of
             | nuclear power as a whole. Just like a single exploding
             | windmill in Denmark doesn't change much about reliability
             | of wind power.
        
               | mijoharas wrote:
               | Ok, this is ridiculous, given your position, I'm not
               | going to spend long on this but:
               | 
               | > Just like a single exploding windmill in Denmark
               | doesn't change much about reliability of wind power
               | 
               | First off, you realise France has 56 nuclear power
               | stations? I'm wondering where you're getting "single
               | sample" and "single windmill" from
               | 
               | If, over a year, 40% of windmills in Denmark weren't
               | producing power, it would make a hell of a lot of sense
               | to question the reliability of Danish windmills.
               | 
               | I don't know why you pulled out the straw man of saying
               | the person was questioning all of nuclear power, but they
               | had a very reasonable fact-based question.
               | 
               | I'd be very happy to listen to any data or explanations
               | you could bring, but frankly you don't seem to be
               | discussing things in good faith right now.
        
       | trasz wrote:
       | It's sad when you look at China building 20 new reactors at the
       | moment and then comparing to what we have in EU.
        
         | tmikaeld wrote:
         | While simultaneously investing billions in EU wind-farms [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.politico.eu/article/chinese-wind-farm-
         | investment...
        
       | iza wrote:
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1567929340737863680.html
        
       | maCDzP wrote:
       | As a Swede that just went though an election with electricity
       | prices being discussed this is very interesting. Prices in Sweden
       | are at an all time high.
       | 
       | I don't remember this analysis being talked about. The problem
       | was cast mostly as a domestic issue - that's my take at least.
       | 
       | In hindsight I think it was only the left that had a solution
       | that maybe would address this for Sweden at least. They wanted to
       | have domestic and EU-pricing.
       | 
       | Then the prices for electricity in EU would become so high that
       | Italy would be forced to act?
        
         | Gud wrote:
         | The left created this mess to begin with. They shut down
         | multiple functioning nuclear power plants in the south of
         | Sweden where the energy is needed the most.
        
         | philjohn wrote:
         | Always be wary a political party promising solutions to
         | situations outside their control ...
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | > They wanted to have domestic and EU-pricing.
         | 
         | But would it be legal? That kind of protectionism would
         | definitely run counter to the ideals if the EU common market.
         | 
         | It's hard to know what EU countries might do, but during covid
         | the EU avoided protectionism when it came to vaccines.
         | 
         | Of course, it could be different this time.
        
           | maCDzP wrote:
           | Good question - I agree it would run counter the common
           | market.
           | 
           | If I remember correctly that was one of the main arguments
           | against the left's solution. The counter argument was that
           | other countries are already doing this or planning on doing
           | it. I believe some parties in Italy has talked about putting
           | a price cap on electricity and gas. But the same applies to
           | them - is it legal?
           | 
           | It doesn't create good incentives when Sweden exports
           | electricity to Italy (and others of course) that the Italian
           | government would step in and put a price cap. I guess the
           | Italian government will spot the difference - though lending
           | from the EU?
           | 
           | Same would would apply for the left in Sweden I guess.
           | Setting a domestic price cap and market price on exports.
           | 
           | What a mess.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | Also, if there really is s scarcity of electricity, then
             | every country subsidizing it won't help.
             | 
             | That said, to some extend it might just be more expensive
             | LNG that dictates the price -- maybe there is sufficient
             | electricity at a high price point.
        
           | rightbyte wrote:
           | > It's hard to know what EU countries might do, but during
           | covid the EU avoided protectionism when it came to vaccines.
           | 
           | There was A LOT of backstabbing in the beginning regarding
           | medical supplies. Landlocked countries got screwed in
           | transit. Even Red Cross aid was confiscated.
           | 
           | Thankfully the panic only lasted about one two weeks or
           | something.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | Yeah, collaboration around covid was perhaps a bit easier
             | to force, because no country could do a vaccine on its own
             | (including production, packaging, etc).
             | 
             | But in this case Sweden and Norway probably could do
             | electricity without supplies from the European grid. But
             | they might not want to be as unreliable partners as Russia
             | turned out to be...
             | 
             | If you void contracts and begin backstabbing when things
             | get hard, people won't trust you in the future.
        
         | rasz wrote:
         | Its the other way around. countries relying on gas for
         | electricity like Italy are the source of EU problem right now.
        
       | troon-lover wrote:
        
       | emptyfile wrote:
       | Looks important, if only it weren't written in a bunch of twitter
       | posts with GIFs and reaction pics thrown in every paragraph, I
       | might even read it then.
       | 
       | Seriously, looks like a 14 year old wrote it. I'm not wasting
       | even 5min to parse it.
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Here is what Switzerland is doing at the moment to prevent the
       | worst case which would be rolling black outs.
       | 
       | They are planning for the worst case so they don't get caught
       | with their pants down. This includes:
       | 
       | - Currently trying to fill as many reservoirs as possible
       | 
       | - Securing gas in foreign reservoirs.
       | 
       | - Plan for emergency gas plants that can be operational by
       | January/February, the time Switzerland has the least electricity
       | available.
       | 
       | - Legal framework to deal with energy shortage such as deciding
       | which industry is considered essential and what kind of
       | compensation would be provided for those that get shut off if it
       | gets to this.
       | 
       | - The SBB is calculating how much electricity they can save by
       | reducing trains and also piping power into homes instead of
       | trains. From what I heard, current calculations show reducing
       | service by 30% only saves around 10% electricity.
       | 
       | They also put out a plan which starts with asking people to use
       | less electricity to worst case which would be planned 4 hour
       | rolling blackouts.
       | 
       | Peoples' homes not getting electricity will be the last resort
       | and unlikely as large industries will be asked first to stop
       | producing and take the government money.
       | 
       | Switzerland produces more electricity per year than it needs. The
       | issue is that the amounts don't line up so they export excess and
       | import when they don't have enough.
        
         | dafrie wrote:
         | Additionally there are preparations to temporarily suspend
         | noise/pollution legislation that forbids backup power
         | generators to run for more than 50 hours a year [0]. While the
         | current idea is to only exempt sites (around 300 sites, 250 MW
         | installed capacity) that are already used by SwissGrid for
         | Ancillary Services [1], there is political pressure to
         | temporarily include all sites with installed backup power
         | generators (> 4 GW).
         | 
         | If even a fraction of this installed capacity would run in
         | times of shortages, this should further reduce demand without
         | causing disruption on industrial production or even having to
         | schedule rolling blackouts.
         | 
         | [0] (German) https://www.srf.ch/news/wirtschaft/drohende-
         | energiekrise-str...
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancillary_services_(electric_p...
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | > They also put out a plan which starts with asking people to
         | use less electricity to worst case which would be planned 4
         | hour rolling blackouts.
         | 
         | Time to buy some powerbanks
        
           | bitL wrote:
           | Any particular one to recommend?
        
             | deepserket wrote:
             | For blackouts that last less than a day one or two 10Ah+
             | power banks with a flashlight built-in should be enough.
             | 
             | Remember to dress well so you won't freeze
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | An EV is a pretty good powerbank if one needs a car anyway.
        
               | bitL wrote:
               | That's a bit too steep just for a powerbank ;-)
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | If you have a gasoline car you can charge in that from
               | the starter battery.
               | 
               | A starter battery is about 1kWh.
               | 
               | Or just keep a lead acid battery around charged up and
               | connect a ciggarette lighter socket to it.
        
               | bitL wrote:
               | I was specifically curious about dedicated powerbanks.
               | This discussion got sidetracked to cars.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I wonder if it is cost effective going forward to install _two_
         | meters and panels on every house with one being "essential" and
         | the other being "intermittent" so the power company has the
         | option of blacking out the intermittent boxes only. I'd rather
         | have all my computers, lights, etc shut down than my whole
         | house.
        
           | cypress66 wrote:
           | Doing that seems insane instead of just fixing the root
           | problem.
        
           | whiplash451 wrote:
           | You might be better off capping the power for each home and
           | letting their occupants decide what is essential or not.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | People in general are idiots and would freeze to death at
             | the end of the month just as they roll to credit when the
             | paycheck dries up.
             | 
             | You'd have to do it on a day to day basis or hourly. That
             | could actually work - use too much power in an hour or day
             | and it shuts off for awhile.
        
               | bittercynic wrote:
               | GP suggests capping power, not energy, which avoids this
               | scenario.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Do you mean limiting the size of the service to a house?
               | Because unless you have massive batteries for
               | intermittent loads that would prohibit dryers and ovens
               | from being electric.
        
               | bittercynic wrote:
               | If we're going to the effort of having dual-service to
               | each home, we could have the "essentials" service of 500W
               | or something that we'd try to make very reliable, to
               | operate the fridge, medical equipment, communications, or
               | whatever the residents deemed essential. Then the other,
               | regular service could still have whatever capacity was
               | already there, but would be subject to intermittent
               | blackouts as necessary to keep everyone's essentials on.
               | 
               | This would require some additional infrastructure, but
               | might be worth it if the blackouts are going to be too
               | frequent.
        
             | elric wrote:
             | So your freezer shuts down when your toaster is on? A hard
             | cap that's low enough to make a difference seems like a bad
             | idea, there are many devices which shouldn't be cut off
             | suddenly. And that's ignoring things like medical devices.
             | 
             | Of course there's already a hard cap (usually ~9kW over
             | here), but I suspect most people never reach it.
             | 
             | There are plans in Belgium to charged based on peak power
             | (something silly like "max power used in any 15 minute
             | period"), which would drive up the cost for the average
             | consumer without reducing demand (as people tend not to
             | have much choice in when they use their most power hungry
             | appliances).
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | > So your freezer shuts down when your toaster is on?
               | 
               | That is actually not a bad idea. Would only decrease
               | power though, not energy consumption.
               | 
               | (Assuming the freezer is built to read the power meter
               | and decide when to not run the compressor).
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | US houses can draw 166 KW (or half that if older 100amp
               | service) but you'd probably be raided for running a grow
               | op.
        
               | elric wrote:
               | I think you've got your units mixed up. 100A @ 120V =
               | 12kW. Assuming the newer homes are 200A, that would be
               | 24kW. 166kW seems ... unreasonable, especially over 120V,
               | that's like 1400A. Toasty.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | As the other person posted, you are mistaken.
               | 
               | Houses in north America are fed with two 120V "legs" and
               | so the 100A is actually at 240V.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Ah I found 200 amps at 220 threephase which is still a
               | bit more than most houses.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | Your math was still off, 200 amps at 220v three-phase is
               | ~76.2 kW.
               | 
               | 200*220*sqrt(3)=76210 watts
        
               | ars wrote:
               | US homes are measured at 240 volts. 100 amp would be on
               | each of the 120v legs.
               | 
               | High power US home is 200 amp times 240 volts. More
               | typical homes are 100 amp or 150 amp.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | I think this is happening. Except, instead of two separate
           | meters they are instead installing "smart meters" which can
           | do this and much more.
        
           | bitschubser_ wrote:
           | isn't it much "easier" to implement some kind of progressive
           | price on energy? first 1000kw/h are "cheaper" than market
           | (per person in household), next 500kw/h double the price,
           | next 500kw/h doubles again etc... For things like heatpumps
           | you usually have an extra meter with special day/night tarifs
           | (in germany), the rest is metered as general consumption. I
           | always wonder through how much energy my peers burn, we have
           | a 2 person household with 2 e-bikes which are used regulary +
           | both in home office (heating is gas) and "just" need 1200kw/h
           | pA (and our appliances are not all A++)
        
             | cperciva wrote:
             | BC does that for electricity, but there's talk of getting
             | rid of it -- because it punishes people for using electric
             | cars and heat pumps.
             | 
             | Great for reducing electricity consumption; not great for
             | reducing _total energy usage_.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | You could design a pricing scheme that takes this into
               | account:
               | 
               | - Make it for all energy use, not just electricity
               | 
               | - Give an extra allowance for electric car owners
        
             | rdtwo wrote:
             | I think that already exists. You get some base amount with
             | hookup fee and the rest you pay extra for
        
             | evandijk70 wrote:
             | Something like that is currently proposed in the
             | Netherlands, and will probably be implemented January 1st.
             | Electricity and gas use up to the consumption of the
             | average Dutch household (1100 m3 and 2200 kWh of the top of
             | my head) will be cheaper than market.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Progressive pricing exists for commercial users but in
             | general has been too complicated for home users.
        
               | bitschubser_ wrote:
               | just out of curiosity because I have no clue :D why is it
               | regarded as complicated? For waste you already have a
               | basic tarif + extra for every member in the household,
               | and the "progression" is that you have to buy really
               | expensive "waste bags" if you produce more waste
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Use more pay more is pretty simple and implemented - and
               | the lowest tiers are really cheap.
               | 
               | The complicated one is daily tiers - when power is more
               | or less expensive at different times.
        
               | bitschubser_ wrote:
               | are daily tiers and dynamic pricing really needed for
               | consumers, shoudn't it even out on the long term? Until
               | recently it worked quite well for a energy supplier to
               | supply me with a fixed rate for a year and still making
               | profit (when I take a look at their yearly earnings
               | report, I think I also subsidized heavy users with my low
               | usage :D). over a year the price should average out quite
               | nicely when I look at the energy mix in germany and the
               | cost. The only "problem" we currently have is the merit
               | order principle and the pegging of the (haywire) gas
               | price to the energy price which makes calculations for
               | suppliers difficult (and the absence of building
               | renewable, and the maintenance and shutoffs of nuclear
               | :D). Aside from that consumption is quite foreseeable and
               | production also, so daily rates should not matter that
               | much? I think paying by the hour/daily makes things just
               | more complicated, I actually don't really want to time my
               | laundry cooking with future prices on an hour/daily base
               | :D
        
               | bitschubser_ wrote:
               | yeahh I see or just preload the washing machine and
               | trigger it if the spupply is high .. but that means a lot
               | of interconnected appliances.
               | 
               | I'm also planning to add one or two small 800Wp PV
               | systems "Balkonsolar" to our flat (we have plenty of
               | space on the south facing side) this will also involves
               | pre planning for energy intensive stuff including a
               | planned AC in the summer... let's see how this works out
               | :)
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The goal with it is to encourage people to move load to
               | coincide with demand. But it's complicated and changes -
               | during solar peaks the best time to do laundry may be
               | midday but durning wind peaks that could be the middle of
               | the night.
               | 
               | The solution is power storage either at a grid level or
               | at a home level where the information is available to the
               | smart batteries. And/or so much excess solar and wind
               | that we just don't care.
        
               | ryanhuff wrote:
               | My utility (SCE in the US) has traditionally had
               | consumption based progressive tiered pricing for years
               | (monthly basis). Recently, they have been pushing
               | consumers to time of use pricing though (higher rates at
               | peak time of peak consumption). So, consumers can adapt.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | I think we need to figure out how to de-complicate
               | variable rates for residential customers. Forcing people
               | to pay what electricity actually costs (ideally, in real-
               | time) is a good way to make your demand-side much more
               | responsive.
               | 
               | During the Texas winter crisis, virtually no residential
               | customers saw a financial incentive to wind down power
               | usage. Only those crazies on Griddy, et. al. were
               | impacted.
        
               | gonzo wrote:
               | During: true.
               | 
               | But most Texas utility customers now pay a surcharge
               | every month to pay off the accumulated debt of that
               | crisis.
               | 
               | https://www.dallasnews.com/news/watchdog/2022/02/11/how-
               | much...
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | _Forcing people to pay what electricity actually costs
               | (ideally, in real-time) is a good way to make your
               | demand-side much more responsive._
               | 
               | That's only a valid strategy if your customers _can_ be
               | more responsive, but in a freak cold snap where most
               | customers are running heaters at 100% to keep their homes
               | habitable, there 's little they can go to reduce demand.
               | 
               | Many people have purchased generators after that crisis,
               | but telling (and maybe subsidizing) millions of people to
               | buy a generator and stockpile fuel because the grid can't
               | handle cold weather is not good energy policy.
               | 
               | It'd be better if regulators required demand-response
               | automation that would let them intelligently scale back
               | demand of high-energy appliances before the grid reaches
               | critical levels without heavy-handed rolling blackouts.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Both in Texas and California recently lots of people
               | voluntarily cut back but it'd be nice to reflect that in
               | the billing in some way. The Griddy way may have been too
               | extreme but encouraging conservation of energy is a
               | generally good idea (imagine things like rebating permit
               | fees based on sliding scale of how much you "beat code"
               | on a blower door and insulation test).
        
               | ab_testing wrote:
               | It is actually the opposite. In California, police attack
               | your home if you are thrifty and use less energy.
               | Apparently you are placed on some sort of suspicious list
               | and accused of stealing power.
               | 
               | https://www.yahoo.com/video/senior-asian-couple-
               | california-g....
        
             | playingalong wrote:
             | As a response the houses will be artifficially split into
             | two. What counts as a household is not that deterministic.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | Firstly, how would you keep consumers honest about what's
           | essential?
           | 
           | Secondly, I think "essential" will depend on the duration of
           | the blackout. For a blackout of a few hours, keeping WiFi
           | running so that work from home can continue probably is more
           | essential than heating a water boiler. If the blackout takes
           | a few days, that may change.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | There will always be some cheaters and "lifehack - do this
             | dangerous wiring and keep the wifi on" but in general
             | people leave things alone.
             | 
             | We already have interconnect devices for A/C and water
             | heating and car charging in some locations.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Charge higher rates for essential. Offer rebates for
             | certain users with life safety requirements for
             | uninterrupted power.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | > Charge higher rates for essential.
               | 
               | This makes ZERO sense..
               | 
               | I live in a cold climate.. Our furnace is "essential" to
               | prevent my family and i from freezing to death. Under
               | your plan we should pay more for this?
               | 
               | And those who cant afford it? Let me guess, government
               | rebates, making a complex program even more complex?
               | 
               | Any time your solution requires "rebates".. it is flawed
               | from the start.
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | You can also write "Charge higher rates for essential" as
               | "Offer cheaper electricity that has lower quality of
               | service guarantees".
               | 
               | If seen that way, you wouldn't pay more; you would have
               | to he choice to get cheaper electricity.
               | 
               | I foresee high demand for electronics that seamlessly
               | switch from the lower quality of service feed to the
               | 'essential' one when that cheaper feed stops working,
               | though.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | You could have tarrif rules that the essential meter
               | charges at the regular rate if the regular meter is
               | energized, or near the regular rate. That would have the
               | benefit of letting the power utility accurately forecast
               | the essential load, and would disincentivize the transfer
               | switches.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | It would make sense to have say your stage 1 heating that
               | could keep your house livable but rather cold on
               | essential, and your stage 2 heating which made things
               | comfortable on the less available feed. I'd also put
               | refrigerators and minimal lighting on essential.
               | 
               | The alternative as presented was some sort of compliance
               | program hoping people wouldn't just run everything off
               | the 'essential' feed regardless of need, or rolling
               | blackouts as currently practiced.
               | 
               | It seems you agree that 'essential' loads have much more
               | value to you and others, but you're not willing to pay
               | the value?
        
               | derefr wrote:
               | > It seems you agree that 'essential' loads have much
               | more value to you and others, but you're not willing to
               | pay the value?
               | 
               | In a similar sense that I'm not willing to pay more for
               | "essential" food than for luxury food; or in the same
               | sense that it seems unfair to have to pay for life-saving
               | medical treatments.
               | 
               | It is both unethical and pointless to exploit _inelastic
               | demand_ -- the whole meaning of the word  "inelastic"
               | being that changing the price of it won't incentivize
               | people to use any more/less of it.
               | 
               | Inelastic demand should, at the very least, be
               | _subsidized_. This is why public healthcare exists; why
               | food stamps exist; etc. But better yet, inelastic demand
               | -- because it is so _predictable_ -- should be optimized
               | heavily for by suppliers (for power plants, this is
               | "building out base-load capacity") such that economies of
               | scale enable the supply for inelastic demand to be
               | satisfied with lower cost than the supply for elastic
               | demand.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | The point is not to exploit inelastic demand, but to
               | _separate_ inelastic demand from elastic demand when
               | there isn 't enough supply to fit both needs.
               | 
               | With food, it's possible to manage supply through
               | stockpiling. With electricity, storage is tricky, so when
               | there's a change to supply, demand has to be changed to
               | match. You can do that with blackouts or economics. Many
               | large customers have contracts where they pay a lower
               | rate in exchange for disconnecting their load when needed
               | to reduce demand. Anything essential would be on another
               | meter that has a higher rate.
               | 
               | Why is it a problem to apply the same principle to
               | residential connections?
               | 
               | Of course, in my area, most of my utility outages are a
               | result of interrupted lines and not supply issues, both
               | essential and non-essential would be equally disrupted.
               | And, it's not feasible to switch a significant number of
               | residences to a two-meter system in any reasonable amount
               | of time, so this is firmly in the thought expirement
               | category.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | > It is both unethical and pointless to exploit inelastic
               | demand
               | 
               | WELL PUT.. the logic on this debate is astonishly bad..
               | 
               | "Charge more for essential services" just sounds terrible
               | and you are correct, inelastic demand needs to be
               | affordable, and subsidized if it is NOT affordable.
               | 
               | i dont understand how someone would advocate that
               | "essential services has higher value to me and should
               | cost more".
               | 
               | Essential services like heating my home does not have a
               | higher value, it is an absolutely essential service to
               | prevent death from cold temperatures..
               | 
               | This person should try living in -24C without heat and
               | see if it changes their views.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | If I lived in -24C, it would be extremely valuable for me
               | to have heat.
               | 
               | As it is, I live in a climate that does dip below 0C from
               | time to time, and having access to heat is important, so
               | I have a backup generator for the house, and another for
               | the well, because water is important too. When I use
               | them, just the energy cost is much higher than utility
               | power, so I don't use them when utility power is
               | available. There's capital cost and operational costs to
               | pay too. Many people who live around me don't have
               | generators, so they have to hope outages won't be too
               | long, or that they can make it to a warming center ---
               | but outages are often coincident with locally heavy
               | snowfall and our roads are always steep, so that makes it
               | difficult to travel even short distances to get to
               | warmth.
               | 
               | In my area, the issue isn't rolling blackouts, it's
               | usually lines broken due to falling trees. Paying more
               | for uninterupted utilities wouldn't fix that, but if it
               | were rolling blackouts, I would certainly prefer to pay
               | more for utility power for essential loads rather than
               | paying more for local generation for essential loads.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | > It seems you agree that 'essential' loads have much
               | more value to you and others, but you're not willing to
               | pay the value?
               | 
               | what does taking what i wrote, then reworking the
               | sentence to suit your purpose serve?
               | 
               | I did not agree that essential loads have more "value"...
               | you did.
               | 
               | If you think that heating your home is not essential,
               | come by in the winter and i can put a tent in the back
               | yard for you. It reaches as low as -24C, but i'm sure you
               | will be fine.
               | 
               | If you think that people should be forced to pay more to
               | heat their homes.. you are mistaken. No one should have
               | to choose between food and heat and any program
               | structured such that "essential costs more" will NEVER
               | work.
               | 
               | I said that it is UNFAIR to charge more for essential
               | loads, and that if a program depends on "rebates" it is
               | flawed.
               | 
               | There are many other alternative solutions, such as what
               | we have here via "time of use" billing that is also
               | seasonally adjusted.
               | 
               | this "pay more for essential services" logic is severely
               | flawed, much as you twisting my words to suit your
               | purpose was.
               | 
               | the persons below really made the point when they wrote
               | "It is both unethical and pointless to exploit inelastic
               | demand "
               | 
               | what you are proposing is unethical...
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | Sounds like a good idea, but would, IMO, split less along
               | the essential/non-essential line than along the richer-
               | poorer line.
               | 
               | Richer people likely also would counter this with battery
               | or diesel powered backup power (already happens a lot in
               | countries that have irregular blackouts). If they use
               | batteries, their power usage would even go up dues to
               | losses in the charge/discharge cycle.
        
             | sp332 wrote:
             | Well, threaten them with blackouts if they dont cut enough
             | usage.
        
           | kennend3 wrote:
           | Here (Ontario) we have "time of use" billing
           | https://www.oeb.ca/consumer-information-and-
           | protection/elect...
           | 
           | The idea is to move "load" from peaks to avoid shortages by
           | charging more to use power during peaks.
           | 
           | The idea of "priority customers" has a long standing
           | principle. "High usage" customers often agree to be the first
           | to be cut in return for discounts.
           | 
           | Targeting "residential customers" in this way is NOT
           | effective as it takes a LOT of houses to equal the amount of
           | power "commercial/industrial" users consume.
           | 
           | Time of use billing is probably the better option.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Something similar was done in Canada about 40 years ago with
           | the high-usage lights installed in every home (usually next
           | to the washer/dryer).
           | 
           | If the light was on, people paid significantly more. It was
           | very very effective at reducing peak consumption.
        
             | hrpnk wrote:
             | This is great, because it shows/teaches people what high-
             | usage is. So far, I've seen very little guidance and advice
             | to citizens on how exactly they can contribute to lower
             | energy usage. Only businesses say they will stop production
             | or change opening times. Is this a missed opportunity?
        
               | Gigachad wrote:
               | These days we have the tech to make this really smooth.
               | Have a phone app with live prices, and integrate with iot
               | makers so things like washing machines and dish washers
               | can be set to trigger on the cheapest times.
               | 
               | Have houses automatically heat up earlier in the morning
               | before people start waking up and consuming more power
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | > because it shows/teaches people what high-usage is.
               | 
               | Consumer awareness of what appliances use the most power
               | should really be a lot higher. It's actually pretty
               | simple too - devices that generate a lot of heat are the
               | ones consuming a lot of energy. That includes devices
               | whose purpose may be to keep things cool - your fridge
               | and A/C still generate significant waste heat even in the
               | latter case it's vented externally. A rare exception
               | would be a car-battery charger, which can obviously draw
               | significant power but the heat is generated later when
               | the power is drawn from the battery and in a dissipated
               | fashion that's hard to detect directly but is still
               | significant.
        
             | kennend3 wrote:
             | This doesnt make sense, at least not for Ontario.
             | 
             | Prior to "Time of use" billing (and having to upgrade all
             | our meters in like 2016) i dont see how this was possible.
             | 
             | The old meters simply measured how much power was used,
             | they had no idea of WHEN it was used.
             | 
             | The electric company would go house to house and "read the
             | meter" once a month and report this back to billing. Based
             | on your usage a bill would be produced and sent to you.
             | 
             | How/when would a "high usage light" come into play?
             | 
             | I grew up in a house which was over 40 years old, there was
             | no "high-usage" lights near the waster/dryer. Mostly
             | because homes built back then had the waster/dryer in the
             | basement and any "usage lights" would be ineffective.
        
               | teraflop wrote:
               | It's called a multiple-tariff meter. Of course it's
               | easier to implement with modern electronics, but there's
               | no reason you can't design an electromechanical meter
               | device that has two different mechanisms to tally up
               | "peak" and "off-peak" usage. I just did a quick Google
               | search and found patents dating back to the 1970s.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | I think you intentionally overlooked my point.
               | 
               | I wasn't debating if these meters exist or not, it was
               | that they were never used in Ontario.
               | 
               | Continuing your logic, did Canada ever use these
               | "multiple-tariff" meters? If they did, what was the point
               | of the light the OP mentioned?
        
               | teraflop wrote:
               | I certainly didn't _intentionally_ overlook anything. I
               | took your  "doesn't make sense" to mean that you were
               | questioning the _possibility_ of an  "old" meter
               | accounting for different electricity rates at different
               | times. Since it seems that's not what you meant, I
               | apologize for misunderstanding you.
        
               | tom_ wrote:
               | Economy 7 in the UK switches meters based on time of day:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_7
        
               | fy20 wrote:
               | ...which is triggered by a radio signal.
        
               | tom_ wrote:
               | Indeed! More secure that way than trying to do it
               | locally, probably, and now BST is somebody else's
               | problem.
               | 
               | But since it's been around since the late 70s, clearly
               | you can do this without needing too much advanced tech -
               | which is what I interpreted as being the perceived
               | problem. (Perhaps incorrectly, but it looks like I wasn't
               | the only one...)
        
         | fy20 wrote:
         | How exactly will rolling blackouts work when the grid spans
         | many countries? What's to stop Germany saying they will pay
         | more to keep some industry running if Poland turns off
         | electricity to some homes?
        
         | trebligdivad wrote:
         | The 'Securing gas in foreign reservoirs' is going to get messy
         | for everyone, all the countries are doing this, but when
         | everyone is short of it (if there's a very cold winter with low
         | wind) - what's going to happen? Some of those 'secure gas'
         | isn't going to deliver.
        
           | cloutchaser wrote:
           | Well, that's the trillion dollar question no one has the
           | answer to.
           | 
           | But politicians say it's going to be ok. So you know, we're
           | probably screwed.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | The issue here is that Switzerland does not have any large
           | gas storage in its borders and has for a while been paying
           | other countries for storage. They need to make sure that gas
           | still belongs to Switzerland when it comes down to the wire.
        
         | thefz wrote:
         | To nitpick, Switzerland is not part of Europe.
        
           | nairboon wrote:
           | It isn't? I didn't realized that we've moved...
        
             | bitL wrote:
             | News for hackers...
        
             | nix23 wrote:
             | You can thank CERN for that and the mirror-black-hole they
             | created ;)
        
               | sschueller wrote:
               | I guess we are the hole in the "Swiss Cheese" or for non-
               | Americans; Emmentaler that is Europe.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | Spanish cheese has much more holes...but smaller ;)
        
           | Sin2x wrote:
           | EU does not equal Europe.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | The saddest vote (outside of immigration) in Swiss history is
         | our complete destruction of nuclear energy in terms of both
         | research and production. Instead of building new reactors we
         | have committed to ... something. I only hope we can overturn
         | this complete idiocy and start to build new reactors.
         | 
         | Having been a fan of this for so long this is just sad and
         | pathetic that we now have to consider things like rolling
         | blackouts.
         | 
         | That this is a thing in Europe in general is sad.
        
           | kennend3 wrote:
           | As someone who is also "pro-nuclear" it is upsetting to see
           | this take place.
           | 
           | The "anti-nuclear" camp has won, but based on what sort of
           | logical argument? Fear? what about Chernobyl?
           | 
           | It is one thing to be "anti-nuclear" but they failed to
           | provide alternatives. "WIND" or "Solar" is not going to
           | replace 3,500 MW of nuclear power without damaging a LOT of
           | land.
           | 
           | Now millions face rolling blackouts and energy shortages when
           | nuclear could have been providing clean energy. I live within
           | 8KM of a nuclear plant which has been running accident free
           | 24x7 since 1971.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | > "WIND" or "Solar" is not going to replace 3,500 MW of
             | nuclear power without damaging a LOT of land.
             | 
             | Well, let's see. Wind uses negligible land if incorporated
             | onto farms, so I'll assume it's all solar.
             | 
             | Nuclear capacity factor (fraction of the time it's
             | operating): 0.9, call it 100%.
             | 
             | PV capacity factor 0.2
             | 
             | PV nameplate panel production per square metre 200W
             | 
             | PV land coverage fraction (access paths beside PV panels
             | take up space) 0.5
             | 
             | Total land needed for PV to deliver equivalent power:
             | 
             | 3 500 000 000 / (200 * 0.2 * 0.5) = 175 000 000 m^2 = 175
             | km^2.
             | 
             | Switzerland's population is 8.5M. Assuming it is 80%
             | urbanised and 20 m^2 per person in cities (less than in
             | Dhaka, 8.9M / 306 km^2): then Switzerland's cities take up
             | 136 km^2. In reality, probably several times this figure.
             | 
             | So the land area is probably less than Switzerland's
             | cities.
             | 
             | If Switzerland wished to accelerate the development of two-
             | layer PV cells, increasing production per area by 50%, then
             | the bulk of the 3.5GW could be provided by rooftop solar in
             | cities.
             | 
             | In reality a mix of wind and PV would be used. Wind is
             | highly compatible with pastoral farming, leaving 90% or
             | more of the land area it "occupies" free for grazing.
             | 
             | The real challenge at present would be sourcing enough
             | storage for the daily usage cycle.
             | 
             | Now, damage. Covering land with inert PV panels does indeed
             | change the soil ecology, but not irremediably. Remove the
             | panels, and the soil would be back to normal inside a
             | decade. Contrast with coal mines and ash piles, and uranium
             | mines. And, as above, the PV could all be on rooftops,
             | which have already damaged the land. Get rid of the
             | buildings!
             | 
             | TLDR: the "LOT of land" is not much, really, and the damage
             | is minimal.
        
               | glenstein wrote:
               | TY for explaining this. I would not have made the point
               | as well as you have, but the "solar + wind is inefficient
               | use of land" argument is an old debunked talking point
               | that has been around for decades.
               | 
               | Like you say, wind can be co-located on farms or other
               | areas that are not otherwise economically useful, with
               | minimal environmental obstruction. Something on the order
               | of 99.99% of the acreage occupied by windmills can
               | continue to be used for other purposes. Solar panels can
               | also be efficiently and thoughtfully located.
               | 
               | Of course, they can also be located poorly as well but
               | it's not something that's like definitionally baked into
               | the technology, it's a matter of having good policy about
               | siting.
        
             | rasz wrote:
             | The role of Russian-funded environmental organisations in
             | shaping EU climate policy https://www.europarl.europa.eu/do
             | ceo/document/P-9-2022-00127...
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Dramatic Question.
               | 
               | Boring but sensible answer:
               | 
               | https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/P-9-2022-00
               | 127...
               | 
               | > Russia is one of the world's biggest producers of oil,
               | gas and coal. Continuous reliance on fossil fuels and
               | delays to clean energy transition benefit Russia.
               | 
               | > Following on from this the Commission has put forward
               | an additional proposal to speed up transition to clean
               | energy sources by amending the directives on the Energy
               | Performance of Buildings, Energy Efficiency and Renewable
               | Energy[3].
        
             | Gwypaas wrote:
             | Simply cost. If the plants started in the early 2000s would
             | have been delivered on time and budget they would be a huge
             | part of the transition today.
             | 
             | Now nuclear costs 3-5x more compared to renewables and is
             | simply not relevant.
             | 
             | > "WIND" or "Solar" is not going to replace 3,500 MW of
             | nuclear power without damaging a LOT of land.
             | 
             | If land use is what you measure impact based on a much
             | better target is the beef industry.
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/land-use-per-kg-poore
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | >Now nuclear costs 3-5x more and is simply not relevant.
               | 
               | Compared to what ? Energy prices have jumped 2-3x in some
               | places so far, and it's not even winter yet. Comparing
               | renewable prices as averages or whatever is fine if you
               | like blackouts ?
        
               | Gwypaas wrote:
               | Then it's even better to get 3-5x the effect per invested
               | dollar.
        
               | moonchrome wrote:
               | Yes - amazing - the reason prices are spiking is because
               | supply is unstable and unable to support demand - and
               | will be even more unstable in winter. Great for people
               | selling electricity from renewables (although EU is
               | capping their profit for 'fairness') but sucks for
               | consumers.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | I can easily earn a huge profit by trade 3-5x energy at
               | one point in time, to get 1x energy at an other.
               | 
               | As an example, in my zone, if someone provided 1x energy
               | at 7pm, and I repaid that by providing 3x of that energy
               | at 3am, I would still earn a profit of about 25%.
               | 
               | The price prognosis for tonight is even lower, so I could
               | trade 1x for 6x and still make a nice profit from the
               | price difference.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | This is the CORE of the energy debate..
               | 
               | People throw out whatever nonsense they like to support
               | their position.
               | 
               | "Nuclear costs 3-5x" and as you point out, compared to
               | what?
               | 
               | The cost of sitting around for 20 years debating this and
               | not taking any action at all has lead to much worse
               | problems - power shortages.
               | 
               | These "anti-nuclear" types fail to apply logic to their
               | debate.
               | 
               | I asked how much power is produced by solar during the
               | long winter months, i suspect they will not respond as it
               | is against their view - solar is NOT viable in cold-
               | weather climates. You need a reliable "base" system and
               | nuclear is very well suited for this. Our plants (CANDU)
               | can be refuelled while producing near-full power greatly
               | reducing the need to shut them down.
               | 
               | The reason the temperatures fall below zero during the
               | winter where i live is obvious.. The energy we receive
               | from the sun has been greatly reduced.
               | 
               | How would solar power address the reduction in available
               | solar energy, and the increased demand for energy for
               | heating?
        
               | Gwypaas wrote:
               | Because no one proposes solar in the north European
               | winter. It's all about the geographically decoupled off
               | shore wind.
               | 
               | For the cost see for example:
               | 
               | https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-
               | energy-...
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | I assume you find the "subsidized wind" prices
               | attractive? Who pays the subsidies?
        
               | ideamotor wrote:
               | Maybe google some actual research papers on this and
               | other energy policy questions? But what do I know.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Surely the main issue with winter in more northern
               | regions is the significantly reduced period of the day
               | for which any solar-generation is even possible. During
               | the daylight hours there's still more than enough total
               | insolation to heat the small amount of air we need to
               | inside our houses, but you obviously need some form of
               | storage (or incredibly good insulation, arguably a form
               | of storage too) to ensure buildings can remain a
               | comfortable temperature throughout the day and night.
               | From a purely technical feasibility point of view,
               | there's always sufficient insolation somewhere/somewhen
               | to provide all our energy needs, but whether it's
               | practical or economical compared to alternatives such as
               | nuclear is worth doing the sums on.
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | >solar is NOT viable in cold-weather climates
               | 
               | I agree with a lot of what you say, but also don't fall
               | into the trap of what you are accusing others of doing.
               | 
               | In places like Germany, Wind and solar actually counter-
               | balance each other very well. [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Seasonal-cycle-
               | of-the-ca...
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | what*a*bout*ism /,(h)w@d@'boudiz@m/ noun BRITISH the
               | technique or practice of responding to an accusation or
               | difficult question by making a counteraccusation or
               | raising a different issue.
               | 
               | what does "beef" have to do with converting land to wind
               | farms?
               | 
               | perhaps you could respond back with how solar panels are
               | not actually very environmentally friendly? They produce
               | a lot of toxic chemicals to manufacture.
               | 
               | Tell us, to replace 3,500 MW of nuclear power, how many
               | acres of land must be converted to wind/solar? what is
               | the environmental/social impact of doing this?
               | 
               | How much power is produced in a cold / dark winter via
               | solar/wind vs nuclear.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | There's plenty of studies done comparing the footprint of
               | nuclear to solar/wind, generally they show they're more
               | or less equivalent, depending on what you measure and
               | various assumptions built into the study - at least one
               | IPCC study showed nuclear could have a measurably (up to
               | 4x!) lower carbon footprint than solar. At any rate
               | there's certainly no real reason to object to nuclear on
               | environmental grounds (but on economical grounds,
               | terrorism risk, plutonium proliferation, etc., sure,
               | there are downsides that don't really exist with
               | renewables).
        
               | deevolution wrote:
               | > "Now nuclear costs 3-5x more compared to renewables and
               | is simply not relevant."
               | 
               | We're seeing the hidden cost of renewable energy now,
               | aren't we? Cheap because it's supplemented with natural
               | gas to provide base load. If the politicians actually
               | cared about the climate, they would be adamant about
               | supplementing with nuclear, which is far far more energy
               | dense.
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/1162/
        
               | derefr wrote:
               | A bit of Googling suggests that Switzerland doesn't
               | _have_ a beef industry. Steak costs more in Switzerland
               | than pretty much anywhere else in the world, as it has to
               | be imported (no local industry), and the tariffs on it
               | are also very high.
               | 
               | Of course, they have cows, for milk, for the cheese
               | industry that they do have. But raising dairy cattle has
               | only a fraction of the impact that beef cattle do (as
               | you're not constantly slaughtering them and feeding up
               | new ones.)
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | Just over 80% of beef consumed in Switzerland is produced
               | in Switzerland.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | Here's what rich countries are doing in general: outbidding
         | pour countries for the limited amount of resources available in
         | the short term.
         | 
         | I lived in Switzerland and of course they are doing great, but
         | Swiss people won't be the ones freezing to death in winter.
         | 
         | Also the amount of LPG redirected from India and Pakistan to
         | Europe will have a huge effect on those countries.
         | 
         | In Hungary the country is trying to get back to wood burning
         | and lignite (the worst type of coal), which will increase air
         | pollution enourmously, but I believe it will the worst winter
         | there since I was born (40 years ago).
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> Here's what rich countries are doing in general:
           | outbidding pour countries for the limited amount of resources
           | available in the short term._
           | 
           | Not just energy, but food, vaccines, medical supplies,
           | consumer products, etc. This has always been the case but now
           | it's at the point where third world countries will probably
           | have major civil unrest and emigration due to the shortages
           | of food and energy they will face from being outbid by Europe
           | and other rich countries during this shortage.
           | 
           | Europeans can resort to going on fewer and less expensive
           | vacations to compensate for the increased prices of energy,
           | food, game consoles and GPUs, but I doubt anyone here will
           | actually starve or freeze to death, while that may be an
           | actual reality for some people in some developing nations.
        
             | jotm wrote:
             | EU food is (was?) flooding markets all around it due to
             | being cheaper and higher quality _even after_ import taxes
             | /customs duty.
             | 
             | Should've bought local, but as someone from a poor country
             | neighbouring the EU - fuck that, learn to make quality or
             | you deserve to go under. I'm not paying 2.5x the price for
             | local atrocious quality.
             | 
             | And farmers saying lack of rain will ruin them can Google
             | "artificial irrigation" on their gigabit fiber and
             | unlimited 4G. But hey, I guess those new BMWs were worth
             | it.
        
             | incone123 wrote:
             | Poor people in Europe already die of cold every winter. The
             | UK especially has a lot of housing in bad condition. Before
             | the pandemic I would regularly see retirement-aged people
             | sitting in the local indoor shopping centre all day in
             | winter.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | Where exactly? At least in Northern Europe it's very rare
               | that even homeless would die of cold, and most of such
               | cases are due to drunkenly passing out in the snow.
        
             | jozvolskyef wrote:
             | European != middle class.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | The poor and vulnerable people in places like Austria,
               | France, Germany, Netherlands, etc. receive generous
               | welfare and assistance from the government to not starve
               | and freeze to death. They'll be fine.
               | 
               | In Eastern Europe, not so much.
        
               | jozvolskyef wrote:
               | Are you implying that France, Germany, and Netherlands
               | don't have homeless and elderly people? These two groups
               | are the most at risk of dying form cold.
               | 
               | edit: I'm glad that you mention Eastern Europe, which is
               | where I come from. Paradoxically, more people die from
               | cold in the West, because their milder climates don't
               | force them to invest in insulation.
               | 
               | edit2: the previous claim may be based on flawed
               | methology, see https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/articl
               | e/38/4/806/2966950
        
             | xiphias2 wrote:
             | If you really think that all Europeans are going to
             | vacations and buying game consoles, you havent been to a
             | village in an Eastern-European country yet.
             | 
             | I am sure that living from $70/month would be hard for any
             | of us, but some people have to keep their whole family
             | alive from that money, and definately depend on the
             | government this winter. If they freeze, nobody will know
             | about them and they will be just deleted from the
             | statistics.
             | 
             | Heres a video of how the poorest part of Hungary looked
             | like a few years ago, and I am sure their life has just
             | gotten much worse since a few years ago:
             | https://youtu.be/FvoTaqutfVk
        
               | Tenoke wrote:
               | I've been to villages in Eastern Europe and wood burning
               | is among the main methods of heating. I'm guessing the
               | price increases of everything else is what's a bigger
               | problem there.
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | > I've been to villages in Eastern Europe and wood
               | burning is among the main methods of heating.
               | 
               | I am from Eastern Europe (Latvia) and this does mostly
               | hold true for the countryside: wood burning stoves are
               | common.
               | 
               | However, it is likely that inflation and other cost
               | increases will also affect the prices of firewood from
               | here on out, as well as getting it delivered (unless you
               | decided to secure your own, though depending on where/how
               | you do that, the legality might be dubious).
               | 
               | From what I know of, most people are noticeably hit by
               | the increase of prices in the stores (as well as a
               | _somewhat_ decreased selection of what 's available), in
               | addition to greatly increased electricity prices, which
               | has been a topic that gets brought up often in the news.
               | 
               | There aren't that many great solutions for that, to be
               | honest - both diesel generators and solar panels are too
               | expensive for most people, even though there are programs
               | to aid families with purchasing and setting up their own,
               | if they're capable of partaking in those:
               | https://www.altum.lv/en/services/individuals/energy-
               | efficien... (the Latvian translation has more information
               | https://www-altum-
               | lv.translate.goog/pakalpojumi/iedzivotajie...)
               | 
               | That said, it's probably difficult to undertake something
               | like that, when you're living from paycheck to paycheck.
        
               | fy20 wrote:
               | Here in Lithuania a tonne of wood pellets went from
               | 125EUR last year to 500EUR today. It will probably go up
               | even more as the winter progresses.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | > Also the amount of LPG redirected from India and Pakistan
           | to Europe will have a huge effect on those countries.
           | 
           | India's buying the excess gas from Russia though, so they
           | have access to a seller that Europe won't touch.
        
             | distances wrote:
             | There are currently no European sanctions against Russian
             | gas. Nobody is very happy about it, but Europe would still
             | buy that gas if the pipelines were open.
        
               | origin_path wrote:
               | Multiple gas pipelines from Russia are closed because
               | European governments refuse to allow them to run. That's
               | gas sanctions, why do you argue otherwise? For example
               | Germany refuses to open Nord Stream 2, and Nord Stream 1
               | is broken due to sanctions on equipment repair - the
               | turbines are made by Siemens and several are sitting in
               | UK factories unable to be re-exported back due to
               | sanctions.
               | 
               | Although the troubles with Nord Stream 1 are well known,
               | the termination of the other pipelines is less well
               | understood. Poland for example closed the Jamal pipeline
               | due to the war in Ukraine:
               | 
               | https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/poland-terminates-yamal-
               | gas-...
               | 
               | We also have to remember that Europe seized Russian euros
               | and broke contracts in other ways, so at this point even
               | if the pipelines were re-opened and the equipment
               | properly repaired, it's not really obvious if Russia
               | would even want to go back to selling to Europe.
               | Unreliable partner after all compared to China, India and
               | elsewhere. Europe is buying their gas anyway due to
               | arbitrage so it looks like a winner for Russia
               | unfortunately.
        
               | kken wrote:
               | >Nord Stream 1 is broken due to sanctions on equipment
               | repair
               | 
               | It's well known that this is not true. You are
               | perpetuating russian propaganda.
        
               | foverzar wrote:
               | > It's well known that this is not true
               | 
               | Well known? Is it? Could you please give some reference
               | then?
               | 
               | No one would be surprised to see a "work-to-rule" action,
               | but how is it "russian propaganda" that Europe had
               | sanctioned Russian energy industry and it "somehow" had
               | consequences?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | KronisLV wrote:
               | I don't really care much for the debate, or fully buy
               | into either perspective on the issue, but here's what a
               | quick search turned up, from the 31st of August:
               | https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/31/business/nord-
               | stream-1-eu...
               | 
               | > Russian state energy giant Gazprom cut all deliveries
               | through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline on Wednesday in what
               | it said was a planned shutdown until Saturday for
               | maintenance work.
               | 
               | > In recent months, Gazprom has slashed flows through
               | Nord Stream 1 to just 20% of capacity, citing maintenance
               | issues and blaming Western sanctions on exports of
               | technology imposed in response to Russia's invasion of
               | Ukraine.
               | 
               | > Russia has also cut off supplies to several
               | "unfriendly" European countries and energy companies over
               | their refusal to pay for gas in rubles, as the Kremlin
               | insists, rather than the euros or dollars stated in
               | contracts. European leaders say Russia is trying to
               | blackmail countries over their support for Ukraine.
               | 
               | > France's Engie (EGIEY) is the latest casualty. On
               | Tuesday, Gazprom said it would completely suspend
               | deliveries to Engie (EGIEY) from Thursday, claiming that
               | it had not received full payment from the company for the
               | gas it supplied in July.
               | 
               | Someone can probably look up Gazprom's own PR response
               | and see how it matches up (or doesn't) with the statement
               | by Engie, as well as what differs. Most of the time it's
               | good to look up what various sources say, if you're
               | interested in it, and come to your own conclusions.
               | 
               | From my perspective, reliance on another country, the
               | relations with which have historically been troubled (and
               | are now further strained, given the geopolitical events),
               | does not seem like the best of ideas - alternative means
               | of securing the resources that are needed for providing
               | electricity/heat are more than welcome.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | Russian propaganda says that Nord Stream 1 is closed due
               | to repairs. It obviously is not. It is closed because
               | Russia wages economic warfare against Europe. You won't
               | find a peer-reviewed double-blind study saying this,
               | signed by foreign minister Lavrov with an interview in
               | the appendix where he states that this is in fact
               | Russia's deliberate policy choice, but one can use some
               | basic reasoning.
               | 
               | The desire for punishing Europe certainly stems from
               | Europe's similarly uncompromising economic warfare
               | against Russia, but let's at least try to focus on the
               | ground truths and not get caught up in a bunch of
               | transparent lies.
        
               | hi_herbert wrote:
        
               | micwag wrote:
               | > We also have to remember that Europe seized Russian
               | euros and broke contracts in other ways
               | 
               | First point is true, but the second ist not. Germany went
               | out its way to ensure all contracts are fulfilled to
               | avoid this claim.
               | 
               | > it's not really obvious if Russia would even want to go
               | back to selling to Europe.
               | 
               | Russia very much wants to go back to selling gas and oil
               | to europe, they have after all no other relevant
               | industries and pipelines to China/India don't have the
               | capacity to replace european delivery.
               | 
               | > Europe is buying their gas anyway due to arbitrage so
               | it looks like a winner for Russia unfortunately.
               | 
               | Even chinese and indian experts see russia as the loser
               | of this conflict and to be relegated to a possible
               | chinese puppet state in the future.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | > Even chinese and indian experts see russia as the loser
               | of this conflict
               | 
               | how is the ruble doing on international currency
               | exchange?
        
               | micwag wrote:
               | To quote the state owned russian news agency:
               | 
               | > "Repeated case of interference of the Bank of Russia
               | into implementation of the budget rule in terms of
               | foreign currency purchases means that the floating
               | currency rate regime existed from the end of 2014 until
               | early 2018 is _'only on paper now'_ and is actually
               | substituted by regulation of the currency market by the
               | Bank for Russia for the purpose of eliminating threats
               | for financial stability, jeopardized by the budget rule
               | effect, "
               | 
               | https://tass.com/economy/1026029
               | 
               | This was 4 years ago, and is even more so true now. The
               | ruble at the moment is NOT free floating.
        
               | kennend3 wrote:
               | > how is the ruble doing on international currency
               | exchange?
               | 
               | I always find it strange when people post comments like
               | this. It is a clear indicator you don't understand
               | financial markets.
               | 
               | If you were to look at the data yourself, you would see
               | in Oct 2017 it was 58.11 and in Oct 2022 it is 57.88 (vs
               | USD)
               | 
               | In your opinion, what does this indicate? FX is always
               | "Currency vs currency", so has the Ruble weakened?
               | Perhaps the US dollar strengthened? What caused the
               | change? Is the change even meaningful?
               | 
               | Is the change "market driven" or has the state
               | intervened?
               | 
               | It looks like the state has been actively defending it,
               | so what is your actual point?
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | A higher FX is usually neither here nor there and whether
               | it's desirable depends on the makeup of exports vs
               | imports. That's why countries often have a fixed peg
               | instead of a "just make it go up" policy.
               | 
               | Russia is the definite loser out of this, and indeed
               | everyone is, the decision to invade was a catastrophe for
               | everyone on multiple levels.
        
               | hi_herbert wrote:
        
               | origin_path wrote:
               | The contracts to buy gas were denominated in euros, they
               | then refused to pay in euros and in fact seized the euros
               | that were already paid but not yet converted. Even the
               | most generous interpretation of a contract would struggle
               | to consider this sort of behaviour not a violation.
        
               | phicoh wrote:
               | The key thing to remember is that Russia reduced the gas
               | supply to Europe already one year ago. Way before they
               | invaded Ukraine, and therefor before any of the recent
               | sanctions.
               | 
               | It is assumed that Russia sent a warning message to EU
               | countries not to interfere. Fortunately, most EU
               | countries recognized that Russia was no longer a reliable
               | supplier. And imposed sanctions, delivered weapons
               | anyhow.
               | 
               | Russia thought they could threaten their most important
               | customers. The problem Russia now has, it that there is
               | hardly any capacity to sell gas to other countries.
               | Building pipelines will take many years and will have to
               | happen without western technology (I'm sure Russia would
               | like China to own their pipelines). Or Russia has to
               | build more LNG terminals, but that is also not ideal. And
               | ship from western countries probably won't go there.
               | 
               | Of course, the downside of relying to much on Russian gas
               | is that EU countries now have to deal with an enormous
               | energy shortage.
        
               | cloutchaser wrote:
               | I think you are reading way too many one sided sources.
               | 
               | The Russians are selling more to China and India since
               | the war. The higher price of gas means in the short run
               | they are making more money.
               | 
               | Yes, some sanctions might be annoying, in the way a
               | mosquito is annoying to you, but basically nothing europe
               | has done has really had an impact. (Most weapons have
               | come from the US).
               | 
               | So while parts of what you say is true, frankly the
               | situation is terrible for Europe, quite bad for Russia,
               | and pretty awesome for the US
        
               | phicoh wrote:
               | Yes, Russia is selling a little bit more to China and
               | India. Not nearly enough to make up for the reduction in
               | sales to EU countries. In addition, China and India get
               | nice discounts.
               | 
               | Yes, Russia makes a lot more money at the moment because
               | the small amount of gas they still sell to EU countries
               | is expensive enough that it nets more money.
               | 
               | Anybody who has been following the war a bit will notice
               | that Russia is now seriously running out of modern
               | weapons. By the time tanks from the early 60s show up at
               | the front line, you can be sure something is wrong. At
               | the moment, and due sanctions, Russia has a bit of a
               | production problem.
               | 
               | Since the 2014 sanctions, Russia has a bit a problem with
               | obtaining micro-electronics. The effects of that are also
               | quite noticeable.
               | 
               | In any case. Over the summer, EU countries managed to
               | fill their gas storage while producing enough electricity
               | to keep most stuff running. So yes, the situation is bad
               | for the economy and EU countries have to figure how to
               | help people pay their energy bill, etc. But if the
               | current situation is 'terrible' then I wonder what word
               | has to be used for a real disaster.
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | Not sure about India, but China is buying the gas at
               | prices way below market rate, likely at loss - because
               | Russia has no other choice but to give them whatever they
               | want, simply to stay relevant. Which means, the more they
               | sell, the more they lose.
        
               | distances wrote:
               | You have quite the nerve to spread these falsehoods here,
               | and then claim it's _Europe_ that is the unreliable
               | partner. Amazing and supremely twisted.
               | 
               | I have no interest in discussing this with you as you're
               | not here with good intentions, but I would let others
               | know that Western countries were very accommodating with
               | the spare parts, which in practice called the Russian
               | bluff. I doubt Germany will go back to Russian gas after
               | they pulled this one.
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/nord-stream-
               | turbine-...
        
               | hi_herbert wrote:
        
               | osipov wrote:
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | > Peoples' homes not getting electricity will be the last
         | resort and unlikely as large industries will be asked first to
         | stop producing and take the government money.
         | 
         | Interesting. Here in Finland the plan is to target domestic use
         | first if the push comes to shove, to keep the industry up and
         | running.
        
           | mtsr wrote:
           | One reason for the difference could be that heating in
           | consumers homes is very much dependent on electricity
           | (whether or not the actual heating is gas-powered
           | notwithstanding), whereas in other countries there may be
           | more woodfired heating, for example.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | Does Switzerland border Russia or another country that may
           | invade if industrial production shuts down?
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | Russia is in no shape to attack anybody right now. And
             | industrial production doesn't really have anything to do
             | with any hypothetical acts of war. The fact is simply that
             | the industry is vital to keeping the economy running, while
             | rolling blackouts in homes are in the end merely an
             | inconvenience.
        
       | flohofwoe wrote:
       | What's up with all the European energy crisis scare posts making
       | it to the front page today? Did the Russian troll factories
       | discover HN just now, or what else happened?
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | Why do comments like these only pop up on articles that
         | highlight problems in europe? I never see them in the hundreds
         | of articles per month that focus on the US. It's weird because
         | that is exactly the type of comment you used to read from
         | fragile patriotic americans that were unable to handle any
         | criticism back in the early 2000s, but this time from
         | europeans.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | >Why do comments like these only pop up on articles that
           | highlight problems in europe?
           | 
           | Probably because the US is a net exporter of energy and is
           | not in danger of running out of fuel during the winter like
           | most of Europe is.
        
           | qsdf38100 wrote:
           | Because social media is currently under MASSIVE attack from
           | Russian trolls. And then there are people doing it for free,
           | because their are easily manipulated or because they think
           | they'd benefit from Russian puppets taking over their
           | country... I wonder on which side you are.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | What do you mean? Even if we ignore the "you are with us or
             | with the terrorists" tone of your comment (that kind of
             | prove my point) it still does not make sense. Where are the
             | accusations of Russian bots/dinsfo on articles about
             | American healthcare, or wealth inequality or gun violence
             | in the US? Because those are also subjects that can be
             | exploited by foreign powers in an effort to destabilize the
             | US.
             | 
             | In fact, tons of europeans online love, _love_ to highlight
             | and amplify those exact issues, so I guess they are
             | exploited by russian propaganda too? Or is it only
             | europeans that get to use that as an excuse to deflect
             | criticism and discussion about their internal issues?
        
             | gergov wrote:
             | just because we are kind of worried about the winter even
             | with IT wages doesn't make us russian bots?
        
             | koheripbal wrote:
             | The coming EU energy crisis is real.
             | 
             | Read the articles. These aren't Russian trolls. They are
             | well described fundamental problems.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Are you honestly suggesting this is a fabricated crisis?
        
           | The_Colonel wrote:
           | Isn't it obvious? Gas is not sanctioned, yet the supply of
           | Russian gas to Europe was significantly reduced. After many
           | b***t excuses, Russia admitted that the gas supplies won't be
           | resumed until the sanctions are lifted.
           | 
           | So yes, the crisis is manufactured by Russia to produce a
           | political leverage. And part of that strategy is of course
           | spreading FUD through various media.
        
             | eldenwrong wrote:
             | Europe sanctioned Russia so they retaliated? It was
             | obviously expected and politicians were okay with that
             | outcome. It was not a 4d chess move
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | I don't disagree, but that's not what we're discussing.
               | OP doubted that the crisis is manufactured, which is just
               | plain wrong.
        
             | emkoemko wrote:
             | why does Russia need sanctions lifted Putin said it won't
             | effect Russia at all
        
         | masswerk wrote:
         | No, this is another agenda, if any. Energy crisis scare was
         | already around last winter.
         | 
         | BTW, phasing out nuclear power plants without a suitable
         | replacement in the high demand segment is actually a problem,
         | which is only elevated by the problems with natural gas
         | imports.
        
         | kaybe wrote:
         | It might have become more present for everyone because it
         | became colder. Two weeks ago it was still very warm around
         | Germany.
        
         | jopnv wrote:
         | How can it be a scare when it is currently happening?
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | Digestable topics involving tech, math, and logistics are
         | usually interesting to the hn crowd? Intersting topics often
         | get front page.
        
       | bpodgursky wrote:
       | Belgium just shut down a functional nuclear reactor:
       | https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Belgium-T...
        
         | nebalee wrote:
         | https://taketonews.com/engie-repeats-message-after-open-lett...
         | "The closing dates are determined by law and the licenses to
         | operate the power plants end on those dates. That has been
         | established for a long time and we have been preparing for that
         | for a long time."                   The government did ask
         | Engie in July to see whether both reactors could possibly
         | continue for a few more months to bridge the difficult winter,
         | but according to the French energy group, that is unfeasible
         | both technically and in terms of safety.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | If you only have governments that create regulation that make
           | it impossible to operate then things are impossible to
           | operate.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Germany tried to make the exact same claim this year about
           | their three remaining plants - but the nuclear engineers
           | running the plants were brave enough to say the gov't was
           | lying. ...not that it mattered because the German gov't just
           | doubled down on closing those plants regardless.
           | 
           | There is no technical reason they could not have extended
           | their shutdown plans.
           | 
           | This is just an unfortunate combination of bureaucratic
           | lethargy and anti-nuclear ideologues.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | When do you suggest nuclear reactors should be shut down? After
         | they stop being functional? Seems risky.
         | 
         | Is the timing unfortunate? Yes. But everything else is just
         | exaggerated. This was a small reactor which was responsible for
         | a tiny amount of production in a tiny country.
         | 
         | Should we replace it? Maybe. But then we should have started
         | construction 20 years ago. Given that this didn't happen, the
         | rest of the discussion is somewhat moot. We could probably
         | start replacing it today, but not many nuclear power plants are
         | being built in Europe, costs are insane, and timeframes are so
         | long that no one is willing to invest.
         | 
         | There are (somewhat literally) crowd funded suppliers of
         | renewable energy (cooperatives like Ecopower.be). Perhaps
         | someone should start something similar for nukes.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | This reactor could have continued to run for a long time. It
           | should be should down only if continued running it is more
           | expensive then a complete rebuild of a base load that can
           | replace it (not just a wind farm, but long term storage as
           | well).
           | 
           | This is really a tragedy.
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | 5% of Belgium's power doesn't seem tiny to me.
        
         | pennaMan wrote:
         | Just..... Why? This is so balatanly stupid I can't find my
         | words..
        
           | nxm wrote:
           | Because "green energy"
        
             | orwin wrote:
             | It's not, its because it reached end of life, and the date
             | we could've done something about it was ten years ago.
             | 
             | I'm as pro-nuclear as you can be, since at least 2017 but
             | especially since i've read about it, in 2019, but let's not
             | blame nuclear failure on "green energy" when it's not.
             | Nuclear tech have been abandonned by the general public and
             | the politician since the 90s, and especailly after
             | fuckushima, was faded by the society.
             | 
             | It has nothing to do with green energy. Maybe Greepeace is
             | at fault, but this is probably one of the most corrupt
             | environmentalist NGO anyway, so i doubt serious people
             | listen to them.
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | Yes.
               | 
               | We see how "well" it goes in France, where they kept
               | nuclear going and now their reactors are rotting away
               | under their butts and they have to import from Germany.
               | 
               | Life in Europe would be better if conservatives wouldn't
               | have failed us and we actually had "green energy" by
               | now...
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | Actually, the nuclear situation in France is the exact
               | same as Belgium, with the same causes, except in 2010
               | some investment were made to make the plant last twenty
               | more years. Those investments weren't done between 2019
               | and 2022, for multiple reasons but with one base: the
               | general public don't really care, nor like talking about
               | nuclear plant. Conservatives have nothing to do with
               | this, as they weren't really in power since 2012.
               | 
               | Energy is a complex issue, probably the most complex
               | societal, technical and social issue we have, and trying
               | to put everything on one single actor (or movement) do
               | not make the discussion constructive. I'm for a diverse
               | mix and reducing gas, oil and coal, not in percentage but
               | in actual quantity (we don't really do this in europe
               | sadly).
        
               | TheLoafOfBread wrote:
               | So we could have rolling blackouts sooner, because
               | without storage to sort out intermittencies and without
               | gas they are inevitable.
        
           | astra90 wrote:
           | In 2003, the Belgian government decided to stop producing
           | nuclear energy, mostly driven by the Green party. They
           | introduced a law that contained a schedule to shut down a
           | number of nuclear power plants in the country.
           | 
           | In 2015 the government already extended the lifespan of 2
           | nuclear power plants. However, the power plant that was just
           | shut down (Doel 3) did not get an extension of lifespan and
           | so it has been shut down according to the initial law
           | introduced in 2003.
           | 
           | It's an understatement to say it's unfortunate that it has
           | been shut during an energy crisis.
        
             | baobabKoodaa wrote:
             | Let me get this straight... Politicians wrote a schedule in
             | 2003. According to the schedule, this particular plant
             | should be shut down now. And we have people in this thread
             | (not you) claiming that there are "technical reasons" why
             | the plant has to be shut down right now, not after this
             | winter. So, by pure coincidence, politicians in 2003 just
             | happened to predict the exact date 19 years in the future
             | when it would no longer be technically feasible to operate
             | the plant? The exact date! Can I please have these same
             | politicians predict next week's lottery numbers for me?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | When you have a planned shutdown date, you stop doing
               | maintenance work that is needed to continue operating
               | after that date. Maybe there's some leeway, maybe there
               | isn't. Depends on how much maintenance was skipped, and
               | how much maintenance is required de jure and how much
               | maintenance is required de facto.
               | 
               | Ideally, on the day after planned shutdown, your reactor
               | would be in need of refueling, and all the other large
               | maintenance items; and you wouldn't have the parts on
               | hand to do it. 19 years is plenty of time to align the
               | schedules.
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | That is the same issue with the idea of keeping the
               | German reactors running. Everything has been planned with
               | the scheduled stop of operations at the end of the year.
               | After politics is now considering to keep them running,
               | the whole technical challenges come to the the light.
               | Take the one reactor operating still in Bavaria: the fuel
               | rods are so weak that after November the plant cannot be
               | restarted with these fuel rods. Also, there is a leaking
               | valve which soon has to be repaired. Only optinon now is
               | to shut the reactor down, repair the valve and restart
               | ist. But even then, the operation isn't guaranteed, as
               | reactors often have to be shut down for small incidents.
               | But any of those would mean the stop of the operation of
               | the reactor.
               | 
               | One way or the other, the next time this plant shuts down
               | after November, it stays down. So there is no big hope of
               | this plant operating for much longer any way you turn it.
               | Of course, new fuel rods could be ordered, but probably
               | that would take over a year, as far as I know. Which
               | means, it will not be part of the energy supply for the
               | next 12 months and whether the investment into getting
               | new fuel rods and keeping the plant ready for service for
               | another year is worth it, is another question.
        
           | elric wrote:
           | Why? Because the reactor was ancient and decrepit. It doesn't
           | help that the power plant in question was badly damaged by a
           | saboteur a few years ago. A saboteur who was never caught nor
           | identified.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | The 40 year license expires by the end of this year, and an
           | extension wasn't granted.
           | 
           | Someone who can read Belgian news will need to explain why
           | the license extension wasn't granted, and whether that makes
           | sense.
        
             | pg314 wrote:
             | In 1999, to obtain the participation of the greens in the
             | government, the other parties agreed to the closing of
             | nuclear reactors after 40 years of operation [1]. 2022
             | seemed like a long time away at the time, especially in
             | politics.
             | 
             | In 2012, small cracks were discovered in the pressure
             | vessels of a number of reactors, introduced by hydrogen
             | during the casting of the steel. That was grist on the mill
             | of the anti-nuclear lobby. According to the expert reports,
             | the vessels should be ok (there are some links to English
             | reports on the nuclear safety agency website [2]), but it
             | is easy to fear-monger when nuclear energy is involved.
             | That seemed to have sealed the fate of the nuclear
             | reactors.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_phase-
             | out#Belgiu... [2]
             | https://fanc.fgov.be/nl/dossiers/kerncentrales-
             | belgie/actual...
        
       | hef19898 wrote:
       | It is so funny to see all those anti-renewable lobbiests come out
       | of the woods everybtime _something_ happens with regard to energy
       | that can be, somehow, blamed on renewables. Previously it was the
       | fossil fuel lobby, now it is the pro nuclear lobby. All predict
       | doom, everytime. And all of those fail to properly analyse the
       | way electricity is priced on the European market, and _then_
       | start looking at those special causes, French lower then expected
       | nuclear capacity, a screwed up gas market among other things.
        
         | retinaros wrote:
         | lower than expected capacity because macron wanted to go away
         | from nuclear five year ago. what do you think the shareholders
         | of french nuclear and energy company wanted when they heard
         | that? to reduce cost, hires, maintenance. the government is to
         | blame for everything happening in france for abidding to the
         | green party that were fed russian propaganda about renewable
         | energies such as solars that just have renewable the name
         | (cheap solar panel made in china using gas and with a life of
         | 10-20years) not the pro nuclear lobby.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > because macron wanted to go away from nuclear five year ago
           | 
           | Source? The plan was to _reduce_ nuclear share to ~50%, not
           | "go away from nuclear", which still required building a ton
           | of new reactors to replace those close to their end of life.
           | Furthermore, the nuclear reactors are owned and operated by
           | EDF, which has always been majority state owned and is in the
           | process of being renationalisated. Shareholders were never
           | asked about anything.
        
             | retinaros wrote:
             | tomorrow your boss says to you he's gonna reduce headcount
             | in IT by 50%. what is your boss gonna do short term? is he
             | gonna plan how he is gonna manage your promotion when you
             | will be one of the few not fired or is he gonna focus on
             | firing the 50% he needs so that shareholders are happy with
             | stock price?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Not reduce _by_ 50%, reduce _to_ 50% from the current
               | 50%. With the increasing electric consumption, it 's
               | barely a reduction in real terms at all.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Oh, so it is some politians fault that power plant operators
           | screw up maintenance?
           | 
           | PV and wind, using Chinese modules, outbid nuclear already in
           | 2017 (?), being cheaper then Hinkley C. Never mind where we
           | vet nuclear fuel rods from, right? Plus the fact that the
           | summer heat wave and drought had negative effects on power
           | plant output, not for the first time, due to limited cooling
           | capacities. But hey, the current political climate is great
           | to turn that into a "we are all gonna freeze in the darkness
           | of winter" narrative, one thatt is _easily_ highjacked by
           | populist movements. Movements, I have to remind everyone,
           | that are, and have been, manipulated by Russia.
           | 
           | It is the German greens that oush for more weapons for
           | Ukraine and extensions for nuclear power plants. It doesn't
           | get anymore real politik than that.
        
             | ohgodplsno wrote:
             | What you are saying is both inaccurate and lies.
             | 
             | >Oh, so it is some politians fault that power plant
             | operators screw up maintenance?
             | 
             | Firstly, EDF, the french operator for nuclear power plants
             | belongs to 80+% to the state. So, first off: fucking yes it
             | is, especially when said politicians have spent the last 20
             | years not investing in their plants, despite the insane
             | work that EDF has done. Reminder that said politicians are
             | forcing EDF to sell 120TWh worth of electricity to
             | "alternative providers", who are currently kicking out
             | their customers to just make money selling that electricity
             | back on the market.. Secondly, maintenance was delayed by
             | Covid, a once in a century event, and two years worth of
             | delay is remarkably short. Thirdly, due to said politicians
             | continuous non-maintenance of the nuclear sector, there are
             | indeed very few people able to maintain said reactors.
             | Surprising isn't it ? Spend 20 years saying nuclear is shit
             | and should be abandoned (purely because of political plays
             | to win alliances with the greens) and then play surprised
             | when your only source of reliable power doesn't have anyone
             | to maintain it, because what engineer would do the career
             | suicide of going in an industry which is being abandoned ?
             | 
             | >PV and wind, using Chinese modules, outbid nuclear already
             | in 2017 (?),
             | 
             | Ah yeah, the PV and wind that Germany has installed, that
             | are currently pretty much all not working (https://app.elec
             | tricitymaps.com/zone/DE?utm_source=electrici...,
             | 370gCO2/kWh, up to 510 yesterday, and hasn't gone
             | underneath 300 for the past month) ? Sounds great. Both for
             | people who get to sell their PV that only needs to run for
             | half the year because it literally can't in winter and for
             | the petrol groups that are selling gas to make up for the
             | energy.
             | 
             | But sure, they cost less. Don't take into account the
             | insane maintenance costs (have fun changing your turbines
             | every 20 years, they're made of non recyclable material,
             | it's all good), the insane land use (contrary to some
             | beliefs, not every country has surface to waste like the US
             | does), the inconsistency of the production (see: germany).
             | 
             | The german greens are, for once in their fucking lives,
             | doing something sensible, both when it comes to Ukraine or
             | nuclear power plants (and they're doing so because they are
             | forced). Don't let that make you forget the past 30 years
             | of decisions that set all of us back.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | Your post would be a lot more convincing without the easy
               | scape goat identifying and cursing.
        
               | ohgodplsno wrote:
               | No, it's you choosing to cherry-pick it because I said
               | "fucking". Grow up.
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | Of course PV and wind outbid nuclear. Using those when the
             | weather are optimal and Russian natural gas when it doesn't
             | was much cheaper than having a nuclear plant produce both
             | when the weather is optimal and when it isn't. It was this
             | economic model that resulted in Russian natural gas being
             | declared green by Germany.
             | 
             | Operating a nuclear plant only in order to compete with oil
             | and natural gas is simply too expensive, and wind and solar
             | can always out compete nuclear when its windy and sunny.
             | Everyone has acted economical rational to create the
             | situation we are in.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Not to mention that next generation nuclear in France was
           | also killed by the Left and the Greens in the 90s. France
           | could have many Superphenix by now.
        
         | davidro80 wrote:
        
         | eldenwrong wrote:
         | The "pro nuclear lobby" doesn't even exist.
         | 
         | There's two big players, oil and renewable companies. Which are
         | actually the same and both hate nuclear.
         | 
         | I thought this was obvious to everyone?
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | > now it is the pro nuclear lobby.
         | 
         | Its hilarious that a real button support for nuclear is claimed
         | to be driven by a nuclear lobby.
         | 
         | The scary Nuclear lobby of Greenpeace imagination has never
         | existed and was always tiny and almost totally incompetence.
         | 
         | But it just so happens that these dangerous underground force
         | comes out of nowhere during this energy crisis to destroy
         | renewables.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | phicoh wrote:
         | Part of the pro-nuclear 'lobby' seems to be people who can't
         | handle that wind and solar are less predictable.
         | 
         | So they create horror stories where the lights go out when
         | there is no wind in the middle of the night in winter. And then
         | nuclear has to save the day.
         | 
         | Any kind of storage is immediately dismissed as infeasible or
         | too expensive.
         | 
         | The make it extra scary, this article also introduces importing
         | electricity as really bad. Without any kind of argument why
         | just a single number of how much is imported shows how bad it
         | is.
         | 
         | This way, shutting down a nuclear plant in Germany can be made
         | extra scary because of a few neighboring countries that import
         | electricity.
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | We need more nuclear power plants and we need them yesterday,
       | there is no other mid term solution for the ongoing/coming energy
       | crisis. The problem is that replacing old nuclear power plants
       | (or building new ones) takes many years, time we don't have...
       | Let's see how this situation evolves.
        
         | pmlnr wrote:
         | Yeah... about that. I was completely pro-nuclear until very
         | recently, when I learnt that:
         | 
         | - the summer droughts caused nuclear reactors to stop due to
         | the lack of water
         | 
         | - russia provides ~40% of ALL nuclear fuel
         | 
         | - even France is getting their from Kazahstan
         | 
         | So in light of these: more solar and wind, combined with
         | possibly metan generation to store it as per
         | https://caseyhandmer.wordpress.com/2022/07/22/were-going-to-...
        
           | flaviut wrote:
           | According to [1], fully enriched and fabricated uranium fuel
           | is approx $2770/kg, or about $0.0077/kWh.
           | 
           | The average heat rate for natural gas is something like
           | 7732BTU/kWh, or 44% efficient[2]. The cost of natural gas
           | around Sep 2019, before this whole mess, was $2.56/MMBtu[3].
           | That comes out to $0.02/kWh, 2.5x per kWh than nuclear.
           | 
           | At current price levels of $8.81/MMBtu, that comes to
           | $0.068/kWh, or 8.8x per kWh than nuclear.
           | 
           | Not even considering how nuclear fuel can be stored and
           | stockpiled much more effectively than gas, the benefit to
           | Russia of using gas is much much higher than using nuclear.
           | 
           | [1]: http://www.energybc.ca/cache/nuclear/nuclear2/www.world-
           | nucl... [2]:
           | https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=667&t=3 [3]:
           | https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/hist/rngwhhdm.htm
        
           | oneoff786 wrote:
           | Kazakhstan is not part of Russia. Russia appears to be a very
           | small supplier?
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_uranium.
           | ..
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > - the summer droughts caused nuclear reactors to stop due
           | to the lack of water
           | 
           | That very much depends on specific technology and is not
           | inherent in all nuclear. If and how much water is needed
           | depends very much on what and where you are building.
           | 
           | If we were not stuck with technology from 1960 this wouldn't
           | have been an issue for decades, but instead of innovating the
           | last 40 years nuclear industry had to fight a battle for
           | survival and with very little research.
           | 
           | > - russia provides ~40% of ALL nuclear fuel
           | 
           | This is because Russia had a explicit policy of underbidding
           | nuclear everybody in nuclear fuel providing.
           | 
           | This is not inevitable, there is plenty of nuclear material
           | in lots of places and many places that can make fuel.
           | 
           | Nuclear fuel is far easier to transport then gas.
        
           | akvadrako wrote:
           | These are very weak arguments. Uranium is plentiful all over
           | the world, it just isn't currently mined in the West because
           | it's so cheap to buy. And Nuclear reactors can be designed to
           | work without large supplies of fresh water.
           | 
           | Even if they were good arguments, Nuclear isn't just slightly
           | better than solar/wind, so some problems don't change the
           | conclusion.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Good luck with that in Germany.
         | 
         | The cabinet member in charge of energy is literally a former
         | Greenpeace executive who doubled down on closing the three
         | remaining plants in Germany THIS YEAR.
         | 
         | German is insane.
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | What you write ist plain untrue. The cabinet member who is a
           | former Greenpeace executive is part of the foreign ministry,
           | the job is to talk to other countries about actions against
           | the climate change. In no way is she responsible for the
           | German energy politics.
           | 
           | And please refrain from calling a whole country as insane,
           | especially based on wrong information.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | >We need more nuclear power plants
         | 
         | They're 5x more expensive than wind and solar and about 2x more
         | expensive than a wind+solar+pumped storage combo.
         | 
         | In France their capacity factor has declined to ~72% which is
         | only about 5% above the best wind farms.
         | 
         | What's the up side? I dont see it any more. It's an overpriced
         | means of generating electricity that is _slightly_ less
         | variable that has a lead time of 19.5 years more than a solar
         | farm.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | This 5x number is nonsense. Its generalizing for a few
           | projects that happened in a time when there was very limited
           | constructionist and because of 40 years of neglect not even a
           | workforce that was available.
           | 
           | > wind+solar+pumped storage combo
           | 
           | Pumped storage is available in most places. And there is
           | literally no alternative.
           | 
           | Its insane to build a society on a technology that if
           | something goes wrong, society only has 1-2 days of
           | electricity storage.
           | 
           | > In France their capacity factor has declined to ~72% which
           | is only about 5% above the best wind farms.
           | 
           | The best windfarms that only exist in a few places and is
           | certainty not generally that high.
           | 
           | An France this year had some issues that happened because
           | nuclear was neglected for years as their leadership jumped on
           | the all renewables trend.
           | 
           | France had advanced reactors in the 90s and guess what,
           | instead of building them they were killed in the endless
           | attempted by some forces (usually greens and left) to prevent
           | nuclear from happening.
           | 
           | Had France simply build 3-5 of those plants they had ready in
           | the late 90s they would be amazing by now.
           | 
           | > slightly less variable
           | 
           | Is actually much less variable if you look at it in totality.
           | 
           | > lead time of 19.5 years
           | 
           | Again this is just generalizing from the worst possible
           | example. If a country actually commits to building a
           | significant amount of plants rather then a single project
           | that constantly on the verge of being canceled things look
           | quite different.
           | 
           | Had Germany in 2000 simply started to build as many reactors
           | as possible they would be finishing them at many a year now
           | and building them at a rate of 4-5 years a pop. They would be
           | far more green and far more reliably then what they have
           | actually managed with their green revolution (and huge
           | investment in gas).
        
       | kurupt213 wrote:
       | It's hard to be sympathetic when this situation was so obvious
       | and preventable. This is what short term greed and irresponsible
       | governance looks like.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | A huge part of this was Putin. How would you prevent Putin?
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | Not being hugely dependent on him would've been a good start.
           | The war in ukraine didn't start in 2022. It started 8 years
           | ago, which would've been plenty of time to move away from
           | russian energy for any competent leadership/government.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | An EU energy policy that didn't rely on Russian gas and
           | didn't funnel literally hundreds of billions to Putin's
           | regime would have been a start.
           | 
           | There were SO SO many public warnings about this.
        
           | baybal2 wrote:
        
           | nivenkos wrote:
           | By building nuclear power plants and electrifying industry
           | over the last 15 years since the Litvinenko poisoning, etc.
           | 
           | But joining the war this year was crazy given the current
           | situation, Europe is doomed.
        
             | marvin wrote:
             | Look on the bright side. At least Europe has made it clear
             | that they won't bow down to force. It should ideally have
             | made the obvious policy choices eight years ago at the
             | latest.
             | 
             | But doing the short-term irrational thing and joining the
             | economic (and in weapons support, kinetic) war against
             | Russia is exactly what the fucked-up initial conditions
             | require. When you've worked yourself into that kind of
             | lose-lose situation, making the rational choice has a long-
             | term game theoretic downside.
             | 
             | The next Putin that manages to maneuver a Western country
             | into a bind can't count on them rolling onto their backs
             | and crying for mercy, even if that seemed like the rational
             | choice. We've seen it demonstrated, also disproving that
             | Westerners are lazy, fat, spoiled and unable to handle
             | significant pain for a greater cause.
             | 
             | This is certainly a lesson for the West, but it's also a
             | lesson for the autocrats.
        
             | quonn wrote:
             | Europe is not doomed.
             | 
             | If we didn't join this war, the war would come to us. Most
             | Europeans fortunately understand this.
        
               | eldenwrong wrote:
               | It kind of is. A failed experiment sadly. They have
               | brainwashed their people into destroying their quality of
               | life to "save" the environment.
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | The vast majority of the affected aren't the ones responsible
         | for this mess, why is it hard to be sympathetic for those
         | people?
        
           | lucumo wrote:
           | They are responsible. Democracy doesn't mean that the people
           | get to pick their scapegoats. It means that the people have a
           | choice in steering the country, and consequently a
           | responsibility to steer it right.
           | 
           | Assigning someone with dumb ideas to run the country, not
           | checking and correcting them, and then scapegoating them when
           | it goes wrong... That's not democracy, that's laziness and
           | cowardice.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | TBH, the majority is responsible for electing right-wing
           | governments or coalitions that have put their head where
           | their wallet is: pumping up profits of their friends and
           | well-doers, lowering taxes, and privatizing and further
           | ignoring infrastructure and governmental duties (and ignoring
           | climate change, long-term changes in society, etc.). It hurts
           | me to say that the many of the former social-democratic, and
           | quite a few of the green, parties simply participated.
           | 
           | So the majority might be partially responsible. If you
           | disagree hard, we'll be heading into "politeia" discussions,
           | king-philosophers and what not.
        
             | tmikaeld wrote:
             | > It hurts me to say that the many of the former social-
             | democratic, and quite a few of the green, parties simply
             | participated.
             | 
             | In Sweden, the green and socialists have been running the
             | show for the past 8 years and during this period shut down
             | 4 nuclear reactors that had at least 20+ years left of
             | steam.
        
             | ryan93 wrote:
             | Every left wing government was fine with cheap russian gas
             | for decades.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | The wave of mass hysteria in Germany, after the Japan
           | incident, to kill nuclear (which I personally suspect was
           | driven by Russian influence operations) came with broad
           | public support.
           | 
           | ...so no, I continue to have little sympathy to any issues
           | Germany will have this winter.
        
             | hrpnk wrote:
             | Regarding influence - there is a fairly recent report (Sep,
             | 20th) from German journalists on the Russian lobby:
             | https://correctiv-org.translate.goog/aktuelles/russland-
             | ukra...
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | Well German politicians had little other options. The
               | country is so hilariously anti-nuclear and you clearly
               | can't bank on renewables without storage, what other then
               | gas should they have done?
               | 
               | Gas from the US or the middle east maybe?
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Us Europeans can still look at Texas, if we want to know how it
         | is properly done, can't we?
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | Saying the equivalent of "no u" when no one else even brought
           | up the USA is weird but I guess typically european way to
           | deflect criticism . Not that comparing a regional blackout
           | due to exceptional weather conditions, to a continent wide
           | energy shortage cause by policy that has been going on for
           | more than a year now makes any sense.
           | 
           | (Even quebec, which is very used to extreme winters, lost
           | electricity for nearly a month back in 1998. On the other
           | hand, I can't think of anything similar to this train wreck
           | situation europe managed to get itself into, not since the
           | 70s at least. So it is a pretty unique fuck up due to very
           | bad policy, and one that's been happening in slow motion)
        
             | mijoharas wrote:
             | > but I guess typically european way to deflect criticism
             | 
             | It'd be great if you didn't lower yourself to name calling
             | as well. (Note: I don't much like the comment you're
             | responding to, but let's be civil here)
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | You are right. Sorry about that, I didn't mean it to be
               | insulting.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | That makes two...
        
           | matjet wrote:
           | Texas has the same pattern as Europe; higher percentages of
           | solar and wind, resulting in an overdependence on gas.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | And the latter part is wrong: France is mostly nuckear,
             | Germany to a huge extent coal, gas has close to no
             | significance when it comes to electricity in Germany.
             | Norway is hydro, as is Austria.
             | 
             | And the share of renewables in Texas was negligible when
             | the frid broke down, that was due to failing gas power
             | plants because of low temperatures.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | This is more similar to California than Texas. Europe is not
           | facing a shortage of energy but a shortage of generation and
           | transmission capacity in times of peak demand. Luckily, as we
           | know from California, there are plenty of responsible people
           | in the society. When there is a risk of shortage and
           | blackouts, many people will voluntarily lower their power
           | consumption for a while.
           | 
           | Also, because this is about peak demand, increasing base load
           | generation is of limited help. There is a shortage of power
           | plants that are cheap enough to keep idle most of the time
           | but can be adjusted quickly. That means hydro and natural
           | gas. Even coal is too expensive. Storage may be the long-term
           | solution, but we are not there yet.
        
             | slfnflctd wrote:
             | > increasing base load generation is of limited help
             | 
             | Of course, but in a system trying to avoid fossil fuel use,
             | it smooths out the rough edges in significant ways: during
             | non-peak times, by preventing blackouts or brownouts when
             | there are medium to long term wind & solar outages (which
             | no realistic storage can cover yet in places without pumped
             | hydro), and during peak times by reducing the amount of
             | additional energy required.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | Structurally, the reason Germany has so many coal plants
             | compared to gas is that coal was third cheapest on the
             | marlets, right aftet wind and PV. That priced gas out of
             | the market, simpky because gas was more expensive than coal
             | and CO2 certificates to cheap to compensate.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | bogomipz wrote:
           | The intention of your comment appears solely to deflect,
           | however what happened in Texas and what is happening in the
           | EU right now are not even remotely comparable. The cause of
           | the Texas grid failure in February 2021 was a Winter storm
           | and a poor decision to cut power to parts to the parts of the
           | supply chain that powered the natural gas infrastructure. The
           | problem was not the result of not having the energy supplies.
           | This has actually been well-documented.[1][2].
           | 
           | The real irony of your comment however is that you are
           | actually looking to Texas now. The EU is now relying in large
           | part on the US for LNG and much of the LNG is being shipped
           | from the Gulf Coast in Texas. The majority of the US excess
           | natural gas supply is now being shipped to Europe. As of
           | April that was 74%. [3]. I'm guessing it's even more now.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.texastribune.org/2021/03/18/texas-winter-
           | storm-b...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.texastribune.org/2022/02/15/texas-power-grid-
           | win...
           | 
           | [3] https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=52659
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | Maybe not what you meant, but Texas based Enron's price
           | gouging lead to rolling blackouts in California 20 years ago.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000-01_California_electricity.
           | ..
        
           | zarriak wrote:
           | Texas is the opposite of this situation because they
           | purposely didn't connect their grid to anyone else. The US
           | equivalent for mismanagement would be the Colorado River.
           | 
           | The real problem with this situation is we are at a point at
           | which deploying fixes to these problems take so long that
           | even discussing it feels useless.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Most likely, Italy and eastern Europe, who are net importers.
       | Germany is a net exporter, so they would only have blackouts out
       | of solidarity.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Without Russian imports, Germany is only a net exporter when
         | their renewables are running.
         | 
         | This winter Germany will suffer major shortages of power.
        
           | quonn wrote:
           | No we won't.
           | 
           | Gas storages will be almost completely full and the usage has
           | already dropped a lot.
           | 
           | Maybe next winter. But by then we probably have a
           | replacement.
        
         | yolo3000 wrote:
         | You mean Germany is a net exporter of imported Russian gas.
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | What Eastern Europe? Romania (pretty balanced and not reliant
         | on gas) and Poland (mostly coal, locally mined) are self
         | sufficient. Baltics maybe?
        
           | tomwojcik wrote:
           | Re Poland locally mined - i dont know wtf went wrong but we
           | went from having huge reserves to buying from India within a
           | year... A lot of homes rely on coal to be available by the
           | time the winter comes and apparently they are left with
           | nothing. People stand in line for a few days (literally,
           | husband/wife/kid rotation in the queue) just to get the
           | ticket for the coal. The ticket guarantees you to get the
           | coal once the previous orders are filled. My friends waited
           | in such queue a few weeks ago. Eta for coal delivery for a
           | private household if you went through all this hussle: April.
        
             | rightbyte wrote:
             | When the Covid hoarding panic set in someone bought all
             | yeast in my local super market. Couldn't get any for weeks
             | becouse people started hoarding when it hit the shelves.
             | 
             | I guess some of your neighbours have years worth of coal
             | ... and toilet paper, of course.
        
         | lultimouomo wrote:
         | Blackouts wouldn't happen when wind and solar are plenty, which
         | is when Germany is exporting. They would happen on windless
         | rainy day, during which Germany is importing electricity.
        
       | polski-g wrote:
        
         | de6u99er wrote:
        
       | chironjit wrote:
       | Every nuclear proponent in this page conveniently glossing over a
       | significant issue: Nuclear waste disposal..
       | 
       | To quote a german article from 2020:
       | 
       | "If nuclear waste can actually be disposed at the new facility
       | starting 2050, that would still put Germany in the international
       | vanguard: 70 years after humankind began using nuclear energy,
       | not a single permanent waste storage site has been officially
       | opened anywhere in the world."
       | 
       | Source:https://dw.com/en/germany-launches-new-search-for-
       | permanent-...
        
         | sascha_sl wrote:
         | Finland will have one operational next year. [1]
         | 
         | That aside, even in a worst case scenario, nuclear waste
         | destroys local ecosystems. That cost would still be worthwhile
         | if we can prevent the destruction of the global ecosystem.
         | 
         | We're at a stage of impeding global disaster that I'd rather
         | have a 50km exclusion zone around Asse (or whatever other site)
         | than not being carbon neutral or negative.
         | 
         | But then again, nuclear waste disposal is mostly an unsolved
         | problem because it's expensive - and the resources aren't being
         | allocated to it because it's not seen as a priority, not
         | because it's impossible.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkalo_spent_nuclear_fuel_repo...
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | It's not so big of a deal. Quoting [1], "France is the largest
         | user of nuclear energy and has also mastered the process of
         | recycling their nuclear waste. These two statistics are no
         | coincidence. By not having to deal with nuclear waste
         | politically, France has been able to build a large number of
         | nuclear plants. If other nations would use their system,
         | nuclear energy would be a great deal more prevalent."
         | 
         | Some figures for background are given in [2].
         | 
         | [1] http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2015/ph241/anderson-k2/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/WR-
         | France_details_nuclear...
        
       | qalmakka wrote:
       | The situation in Italy is bleak - due to widespread NIMBY-ism
       | it's basically impossible to build anything. Even hooking up a
       | LNG FSRU temporarily in an emergency situation like the current
       | one is a monumental feat of burocracy and fighting against
       | everyone and everything.
       | 
       | There's a non zero chance that, together with the inevitable far
       | right government that will come out of today's elections, the
       | country will collapse between this and the following winter.
       | Italy is just too dependent from NG, it can't just survive a
       | total loss of supplies from Russia sadly.
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Russia is going to capitalize on this and the current EU/NATO
         | consensus on the Ukraine conflict will collapse.
         | 
         | This winter is going to be a very volatile time.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | Democracies can endure a lot of hardship. Deciding to give in
           | to Russia is not going to be popular.
           | 
           | It's possible EU/NATO will collapse, it's not a while since
           | we were tested like this. Well, maybe if we could endure
           | covid lockdowns, then maybe a few rolling blackouts won't be
           | the end of the EU.
           | 
           | If nothing else rolling blackouts would motivate massive
           | investment.
           | 
           | Moreover, I doubt politicians will be able to see submission
           | before Russia as a solution to rolling blackouts. The
           | opposition will point out the obvious, Russia can just do it
           | again.
        
           | qalmakka wrote:
           | It would be pointless for Russia to rest their hopes on Italy
           | to break NATO and EU unity - Meloni got fiercely pro-USA
           | recently, and unless a miracle happens, Salvini is heading
           | towards a total defeat tonight and is all but finished, same
           | goes for Berlusconi.
           | 
           | Also, it would be pointless for Italy to go against Europe
           | just to get more Russian gas - because in all likelihood it
           | would never happen in the first place. Russia can tempt
           | Germany to leave Ukraine in the dust and open North Stream 2,
           | but Italy gets its Russian gas through a pipeline that goes
           | through Ukraine, Austria and Slovenia - anyone but a fool
           | would think that the Ukranians would let the Italians get
           | away with that. Ukraine can cut Italy's supply in an instant
           | if they want.
           | 
           | Italy needs LNG regasification capacity, and it needs it now.
           | The only way to get it if FSRUs don't go online in the next
           | few months is through the existing pipeline from the
           | Netherlands.
        
           | yaddaor wrote:
           | Russia is trying to capitalize on this but the current
           | EU/NATO consensus on the Ukraine conflict will only
           | strengthen even further.
           | 
           | This winter is going to be a very hard time for Russia.
        
         | carlivar wrote:
         | What does the far right government have to do with the
         | "inevitable collapse"? I'm not choosing sides but if the prior
         | government's policies have led to this moment I don't see the
         | logic here. I can imagine there are distasteful things about
         | such leadership, but I'm curious about the economic and NIMBY
         | aspects only.
        
           | qalmakka wrote:
           | Italy is not in a situation to pull itself out of its
           | problems - it's paralyzed due its chronic political
           | instability and its abysmal political class born out of a
           | dysfunctional system. While the left isn't that great either,
           | the Italian right is among the worst in the continent -
           | sleazy, dishonest, without any trace of a program except
           | outright lies and the desire to grab power, and reform the
           | constitution to establish an authoritarian regime like in
           | Hungary.
           | 
           | The truth is that the Italian people have been deeply
           | disgruntled with politics for decades, and are only voting
           | Meloni this time because they've been cyclically protest
           | voting everyone that was in opposition to the last government
           | for the last 30 years, since Berlusconi in 1994. People do
           | not care a bit about her ideas, and I'd be damned if there's
           | more than a single digit percent of her voters that do know a
           | single policy she's pushing for. She simply wasn't in
           | Draghi's government, so she's not the current establishment.
           | If she fails to establish an authoritarian regime in the next
           | few years, she'll be destroyed the next election in favour of
           | someone else. That's how Italian politics work.
           | 
           | Italy needs access to credit with EU rates and a strong EU in
           | general to survive - but replacing a widely respected figure
           | (Draghi) with a previously unknown Fascist nostalgic nobody
           | really likes is not really a great way to project your
           | influence in Brussels - quite the opposite. For instance,
           | it's pointless for Italy to push for less sanctions to
           | Russia, because the main pipeline that goes from Russia to
           | Italy passes through several other countries, including
           | Ukraine itself. Italy needs a EU wide NG price cap, fast, or
           | it seriously risks social and economic collapse in the
           | following months.
           | 
           | About NIMBY: Italy rejected nuclear power due to widespread
           | fears after Chernobyl that were capitalized by the corrupt
           | political class of the time (a widespread sweep of that
           | system happened in 1992 with the Mani Pulite process, but it
           | was too late). Since then building ANYTHING in Italy
           | immediately causes spontaneous committees of citizens to
           | spring up to protest the realization of the aforementioned
           | structure, infrastructure or public utility.
           | 
           | For instance, people have protested in recent years:
           | 
           | - against high speed trains, when Italy is a country where
           | basically everything goes on polluting diesel trucks. This
           | opposition delayed the project for years, but now finally
           | Italy has a best in class high speed train service everyone
           | loves. Go figure.
           | 
           | - against dumps, waste-to-energy plants, biogas plants, and
           | so on. Nobody wants them close to their area, even though
           | they have to be built _somewhere_ and Italy has a very high
           | population density. Result? Rome is swimming in trash,
           | everywhere, with no solution in sight. Italy is paying
           | foreign countries to take their rubbish, wasting huge amounts
           | of money. Forcing such a project through would mean
           | committing a political suicide for any Italian politician.
           | 
           | - against windmills. There are lots of offshore windmill
           | farms that can't be built due to them being eyesores. It
           | doesn't matter that Italy does need those mills desperately -
           | it will still take them 4x the time to be built due to
           | basically EVERYONE suing the state at every possible court up
           | to the ECHR.
           | 
           | - against NG pipelines and terminals. The mayor of Piombino,
           | who ironically is from Brothers of Italy, is ferociously
           | opposing docking a FSRU in order to start regasify LNG
           | shipped from the US and Qatar, in order to cover for the
           | supply reduction of Russian gas. It does not matter that it
           | of paramount importance, people are suing the state company
           | and thus delaying the process until the courts clear up the
           | matter.
           | 
           | The whole thing is worsened by the fact Italians have been
           | the target of a deluge of fake news on social and
           | conventional media for decades, way before it was a worldwide
           | problem. That's how a media moghul such as Berlusconi got
           | elected in the '90s/'00s in the first place.
        
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