[HN Gopher] Airships Rise Again (2021)
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       Airships Rise Again (2021)
        
       Author : DoreenMichele
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2022-09-22 02:17 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Always will i upvote airships.
       | 
       | I love the solar power potential! And dynamic aerodynamics. And
       | come on, safe hydrogen harvested from the ocean, why not?
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | I wonder if it isn't possible to add a de-humidifier so it can
         | remove water from air, elctrolyse it to and use to hydrogen to
         | re-fill itself. Eternal balloons!
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | With the huge power density of solar panels on its massive
           | upper surface, why not?
        
             | Kelteseth wrote:
             | Just adding a huge amount of solar panels has other
             | problems like massive thermal problems that would result in
             | an expation of the helium inside. Source: I live in
             | Friedrichsafen, the brithplace of the Zeppelin. Artur
             | Brauchle Head of Electrics and Avionics at Zeppelin once
             | told me this.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | Yeah, problems that definitely need to be solved!
               | 
               | Also, I almost went on a zeppelin this year, I didn't
               | know it was possible to still book them in your town!
        
               | voakbasda wrote:
               | So use the heat to turn water to steam. Steam-powered
               | airships sound much cooler anyway.
        
         | downvotetruth wrote:
         | This was initially a good laugh:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24739220 . Since one
         | cannot reply to that post anymore, turning the monitor off is
         | not a feature of a text editor; although font color is a
         | feature the length or presence of entered text is visible by
         | the cursor position & neither options disable editing (append
         | only?). Using a command similar to this on a POSIX terminal is
         | an option to hide the input & seem to disable backspace &
         | delete:                  echo "Thoughts?"; read -d $'\04' -s x;
         | echo "$x"
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | Happy to amuse!
        
           | anamexis wrote:
           | You seem to have misplaced your comment.
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | He's linking to a post from dr_dshiv and hijacking
             | dr_dshiv's comment to reply to him because the original
             | post has been archived...
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | The actual request is a little more subtle:
           | 
           |  _I think just a letter or two... Anything more and I 'd want
           | to edit. Anything less and I'd worry about whether it was
           | working. But, I will try it with my screen off_
        
             | downvotetruth wrote:
             | y=;while read -rN1;[ "$REPLY" != $'\04' ];do
             | clear;y="$y$REPLY";echo "$REPLY";done;clear;echo "$y"
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | karteum wrote:
       | If it's filled with helium, I guess it won't scale to replace the
       | thousands of aircrafts in operation due to the finite amount of
       | helium on earth. If it's filled with hydrogen, then people should
       | remember the Hindenburg tragedy (and R101 too, glorified in Iron
       | Maiden's "Empire of the clouds")...
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | I'm old enough to have seen this suggestion refloated for going
       | on five decades. It keeps on not happening, and the older I get,
       | the more I understand why. There are simply massive constraints
       | on large-scale airship development, construction, and operation.
       | Niche applications: maybe. Widespread adoption _in the face of
       | extant or potential viable alterantives_? No.
       | 
       | More in this 9-month old comment of mine:
       | <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29611076>
       | 
       | And from others in a thread from just over a year ago:
       | <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28119943>
       | 
       | What I'm thinking instead:
       | 
       | Ground transportation should see a revolution in rail,
       | particularly in flexibly coupled-and-decoupled trainsets which
       | would eliminate marshalling issues for present freight rail
       | systems. "High speed" transcontinental freight presently tends to
       | take 10--30 _days_ by rail. This could be significantly improved
       | on. Worse, the lack of flexibility makes _short haul_ rail
       | freight,  < 500 mi / 1,000 km, highly impractical, and prefers
       | tucks. For all the talk of EV-based trucking, rail is still
       | vastly more _efficient_ in terms of mass moved distance per unit
       | energy, it 's the organisation that's utterly lacking, and there
       | seems to be vanishingly little research into this area as I've
       | mentioned in some previous comments.
       | 
       | Electrified _air_ transport seems to me a fairly unlikely option
       | for anything other than small-passenger count short-haul (~100
       | mile or so) commute hops at speeds low enough that high-speed
       | rail is almost certainly a viable contender.
       | 
       | The interesting question is transoceanic transport, and here I've
       | been thinking that submerged floating tunnels, as proposed for
       | Norway's fjord-spanning highway projects, might be an option.
       | Shorter links (Bearing Strait) could be achieved by conventional
       | tunnels, and much of the Indonesian archipelago might be joined
       | similarly or with bridges. The notion of a transatlantic link,
       | perhaps from Newfoundland to Scotland, or from Brazil to Western
       | Africa, would require traversing about 3,000 mi / 5,000 km of
       | open water. The notion of a tunnel floating at 20--50m depths is
       | provocative and not _entirely_ implausible. I 'd suspect such
       | projects might best be piloted as automated freight conduits
       | first, with live human passenger travel coming afterward. It's
       | possible to link at least five or six continents within reason,
       | and possibly even Antarctica.
       | 
       | Trans-Atlantic transit times might range from 15 hours at
       | conventional speeds (240 kph / 150 mph) to as little as 2.5 hours
       | in a hyperloop-like evacuated tube at 1,600 kph / 1,000 mph. Even
       | at a more modest 300 kph / 186 mph an overnight journey could be
       | made (16 hours).
       | 
       | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submerged_floating_tunnel>
       | 
       | I've ... floated this concept a few times on HN without any
       | nibbles so far.
       | 
       | <https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...>
        
       | FunnyBadger wrote:
       | It would be nice. The problem is the same as self-driving cars:
       | they work but ONLY in certain very constrained and limited
       | application scenarios that limit their adoption.
       | 
       | Self-driving cars will never do well in snow country during a
       | blizzard.
       | 
       | Airships will never do well in thunderstorms or other similar
       | severe weather.
       | 
       | Failing to recognize the limitations of an idea or technology is
       | the #1 way innovators, inventors and startups fail - they lack
       | the critical thinking rigor and fail to nip bad ideas in the bud
       | because they are too emotionally attached (by ego or by lack of
       | brain cells) to KILL their bad ideas. You attack your own ideas
       | as aggressively as any competitor would to get good ideas.
        
         | JasonFruit wrote:
         | > Failing to recognize the limitations of an idea or technology
         | is the #1 way innovators, inventors and startups fail - they
         | lack the critical thinking rigor and fail to nip bad ideas in
         | the bud because they are too emotionally attached (by ego or by
         | lack of brain cells) to KILL their bad ideas. You attack your
         | own ideas as aggressively as any competitor would to get good
         | ideas.
         | 
         | I vouched for this comment based on this paragraph. I have
         | watched this play out in press releases over and over: an
         | innovation is presented as the next huge revolution in _X_ ,
         | where it is actually a great improvement only in section
         | 3.5.227 of _X_ , and overextending it to try to revolutionize
         | the entire field kills the innovation.
        
         | smileysteve wrote:
         | > Self-driving cars will never do well in snow country during a
         | blizzard.
         | 
         | to be more specific, human visible spectrum cameras looking for
         | white lane markers will never do well in snow country.
         | 
         | For certain situations, different technologies are useful.
         | 
         | Drivers without polarized glasses won't perform optimally in
         | snow or rain.
         | 
         | You include technologies like lidar, infrared, and radar and
         | self driving can "see" a lot more in the snow and rain at a
         | much longer distance than 20/20 vision through a safety
         | windshield, with wipers.
         | 
         | "Self driving" "cars" that aren't dependent on properly marked
         | roads, aren't sharing with human drivers, she drive at a "safe"
         | speed will do just fine.
        
           | hnburnsy wrote:
           | Don't forget infrastructure updates and vehicle to vehicle
           | communications!
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | > "Self driving" "cars" that aren't dependent on properly
           | marked roads, _aren 't sharing with human drivers_, she drive
           | at a "safe" speed will do just fine.
           | 
           | Then you've just reinvented personal rapid transit, which has
           | failed in the past because in general building totally
           | separate rights of way only really works out cost-wise with
           | really space-efficient modes like trains.
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | There's a corollary to your last paragraph:
         | 
         | Failing to recognize the limitations of an idea or technology
         | is the #1 way innovators, inventors and startups succeed, too!
         | 
         | Every innovator I've talked to, when I asked them, "if you knew
         | ahead of time all the problems with your original idea, would
         | you have gone through the trouble?", all answer pretty much the
         | same way: The only reason they saw it through was that at any
         | point, they thought "That's gotta be the worst part. Now how
         | hard can the rest of it really be?"
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | One fine example of persistence in the face of seemingly
           | insurmountable challenges paying off is ASML development of
           | EUV [1] [2] [3].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.wired.com/story/asml-extreme-ultraviolet-
           | lithogr...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/23/inside-asml-the-company-
           | adva...
           | 
           | [3] https://www.asml.com/en/news/stories
        
         | zizee wrote:
         | > Self-driving cars will never do well in snow country during a
         | blizzard.
         | 
         | > Failing to recognize the limitations of an idea or technology
         | is the #1 way innovators, inventors and startups fail - they
         | lack the critical thinking rigor and fail to nip bad ideas
         | 
         | Another failing is to assume your experience is the norm and
         | failing to identify significant market niches.
         | 
         | I'm not sure if you meaning to, but you comment hints that you
         | think self driving cars won't succeed because they cannot drive
         | well in blizzards. I will tell you now that a significant
         | portion of the worlds population has never experienced a
         | blizzard, let alone attempted to drive in one.
         | 
         | If you were just using blizzards as one example of many for the
         | reasons automated cars will fail to catch on, my apologies.
         | That said, I think it's a great go to market strategy to
         | identify a smaller niche to start with, and slowly expand as
         | your product utility increases to service broader markets.
        
       | credit_guy wrote:
       | Here's how to think about airships using numbers.
       | 
       | You need about 1000 liters of helium or hydrogen to lift 1kg of
       | cargo (the difference is only about 10%, despite the fact that H2
       | is twice as light as He they are both so much lighter than air,
       | that you can almost think they are weightless, so all that
       | matters is the mass of air displaced).
       | 
       | Let's say you want to lift 1 ton. You need a cube of balloon
       | that's 10m x 10m x 10m. Let's put 4 of those next to each other,
       | so you can lift 4 tons with a box-shaped balloon that's 40m x 10m
       | x 10m. Let's make it a cylinder instead, and make the Soviet
       | assumption that pi=3, we end up with a cylindrical balloon that's
       | 40m long and 10m tall and can lift 3 tons. Since the ends of an
       | actual dirigible are not quite flat, let's say you need a 50m
       | long and 10m tall dirigible to lift about 3 tons. The ratio of
       | lengt/height of Hindenburg was 7:1 and of Graff Zeppelin was 6:1.
       | Current Goodyear blimps have a ratio of about 4:1.
       | 
       | So our intuition building block is a dirigible that's 50m long
       | and 10m tall and can lift 3 tons.
       | 
       | Multiply that by 10 in all dimensions and you get a 500m long by
       | 100m tall giant that can lift a whopping 3000 tons of cargo.
       | 
       | Multiply by only 5 in all dimensions and you get a 250m long by
       | 50m tall dirigible that can lift 375 tons of cargo. That is a
       | large dirigible, but not impossibly large. That was roughly the
       | size of Hindenburg: 41 m tall and 245 m long.
       | 
       | Hindenburg was build 100 years ago. We can probably build one
       | like that nowadays for much less. How about one that's double in
       | size in all dimensions? I find that conceivable. And such a
       | dirigible would have 3000 tons of lift. Can you imagine that? For
       | comparison, the cargo capacity of the famous Liberty ships was
       | about 4300 tons. You could get airlift capacity that's only
       | available nowadays as sealift.
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Thanks for this. This is the first reference I've seen to the
         | soviet pi=3 thing. What's the origin of that?
        
         | jstanley wrote:
         | This is really interesting, I hadn't thought of it like that.
         | It looks like airships are one of those things that work _much_
         | better as you scale them up.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | Isn't helium extremely expensive and even getting more so every
         | year?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | The math isnt that simple. As they get bigger the structure
         | needed for very heavy lifts also multiplies. The old airships
         | only carried light/small objects like people and mail. Lifting
         | large individual objects is a totally differnt game. Ok, the
         | new beast has a 3000kg capacity, but the crane/truss necessary
         | to suspend a 3000kg object will itself weigh perhaps 1000kg.
         | You then need a ballast system, separate from the crane, that
         | also can hold 3000kg (big water bags or equivalent) to hold the
         | airship down when it isn't loaded. That also requires more
         | structure and equipment. The cargo-carrying behemoth that can
         | quietly lift giant refinery parts into place is not a simple
         | equation.
        
       | sophacles wrote:
       | I've been seeing some variant of this article for as long as I
       | remember. The return of the airship feels like aviation's fusion
       | at this point.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | That was my first thought.
         | 
         | Every 10 years we seem to forget how little weight these things
         | can actually carry and start dreaming again of cruise ships in
         | the sky.
        
           | arise wrote:
           | They have a romantic element to be sure. I think that's what
           | keeps pulling entrepreneurial talent and private equity into
           | these projects.
           | 
           | There's an old essay I can no longer find showing that
           | airships are way too costly for their speed and payload
           | capacities. There's a curve and they are simply way off it.
           | 
           | About the only use case that makes sense is picking up a
           | moderately heavy payload in a remote location that severely
           | lacks infrastructure, assuming you can (1) wait several days
           | and (2) the weather is nice and predictable. Very niche.
        
             | zizee wrote:
             | I'm not sure the economic term, but one of the economic
             | problems with airships vs winged aircraft is their
             | slowness. Let's say they take five times as long to arrive
             | at their destination. In a simplified model, this means a
             | winged aircraft can make five times the trips. That's five
             | times the utility, and five times the ability to recoup
             | your initial investment. I saw this argument made for how
             | SpaceX's StarShip could start to become cost competitive
             | with regular air travel. StarShip could travel halfway
             | around the world in a fraction of the time that a regular
             | jet takes. In theory it could complete multiple trips in
             | the same time as a jet, allowing you to spread the initial
             | purchase price of the craft across more flights.
        
           | isamuel wrote:
           | I don't know enough about the economics of freight shipping
           | to have an opinion on whether airships make economic sense
           | for that. But for passenger travel, I can imagine a high-end
           | market for the wealthy. Don't think "cruise ships" -- think
           | "yachts."
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Wealthy people don't want a "yacht" that can only fly in
             | good weather. It's hard to see how this could ever compete
             | with private jets. Maybe in a few tourist areas it could
             | work for sightseeing tours as an alternative to
             | helicopters?
        
         | 6stringmerc wrote:
         | There's a contract for 25 of them to go into service in Europe
         | within a decade I think.
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | So straightforward. Trade off speed for volume. Weight carrying
       | capacity is terrible, but---high ceilings, huge windows, low
       | altitude (better view), minimal sound... that is a real luxury
       | experience!
       | 
       | The world's most profitable route should be LA to Vegas.
       | 
       | It's that glass bottom ballroom, you know?
       | 
       | But really, flying europe would be amazing. Next time I'm at the
       | Bodensee in Germany, i really want to fly a zeppelin!
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | Turbulence doesn't make for a "luxury" experience. Airships
         | can't fly above the weather while carrying a useful load.
        
           | meowkit wrote:
           | Given the software advances in drone stabilization, would it
           | not be possible to add some sort of dynamic stabilization to
           | this hypothetical airship?
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | The rotor systems typically used by small drones don't
             | scale up well for use on larger manned airships. The weight
             | and drag penalty would be huge, and the higher inertia
             | doesn't allow for rapid dynamic adjustments to compensate
             | well for turbulence.
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | I'm firmly in the camp of "I'll believe it when I see it" for
       | modern cargo airships actually going into use. People have been
       | trying to do it since cargolifter AG in Germany raised vc money
       | and went bankrupt 22 years ago. Thus far, none successfully.
        
       | noneeeed wrote:
       | I really wish airships were actually viable, but it's just never
       | going to happen.
       | 
       | They seemed like a really nice way to travel, slow and sedate
       | like an ocean liner, but you could take them over land.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | You can book a ride right now if you want. It may never be a
         | dominant mode of transportation, but it _is_ happening:
         | 
         | https://incredible-adventures.com/zeppelin-airship.html
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Across the top: "This adventure is not currently available."
        
       | affgrff2 wrote:
       | Dreams of cargo lifting airships gave us
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Islands_Resort
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Sounds nice, until Amazon starts using them for freight
       | transport.
        
       | frompdx wrote:
       | As with LTA, he's pushing the humanitarian applications of
       | airships, having entered into a partnership with the World Food
       | Program that he hopes will eventually see his invention
       | delivering food to famine-struck regions.
       | 
       | Interesting, this is the same motivation the financial backer of
       | the AEREON 7 had. While the AEREON 7 never materialized, a scaled
       | down test aircraft known as the AEREON 26 flew, and demonstrated
       | the possibility of building a hybrid airship/airplane. The book
       | "The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed" describes the efforts of the AEREON
       | corporation's attempt and failure to bring airships back into the
       | mainstream of aviation. History seems to be repeating itself
       | here.
       | 
       | I would love to see airships return, and there are many
       | possibilities today that didn't exist in the late 19th and early
       | 20th century. However, like supersonic flight for the masses, it
       | doesn't seem likely to ever return to the aviation mainstream.
        
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