[HN Gopher] Google loses EU appeal and is fined a record $4B
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Google loses EU appeal and is fined a record $4B
        
       Author : april_22
       Score  : 532 points
       Date   : 2022-09-22 13:37 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.axios.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.axios.com)
        
       | throwaway4837 wrote:
       | Government: Hey big company, we have laws to protect the people
       | and you broke them and caused damage to the people! Now pay us,
       | and we'll keep the money, because we don't really care about the
       | people either.
        
         | t_mann wrote:
         | Are you claiming that EU officials are illegally pocketing the
         | collected fines for themselves, or do you just not know how
         | government budgets work?
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | Isn't that the case with any fine collected by any government?
         | Why are people suddenly so much against these types of fines
         | when it's the EU fining them?
        
           | NtochkaNzvanova wrote:
        
             | brynjolf wrote:
             | "mad"
        
             | berry_sortoro wrote:
        
       | antonymy wrote:
       | The fallout from this should be interesting. This fine is a
       | substantial part (roughly 25%!) of Google's overall revenue from
       | the EMEA region (Europe, Middle East, Africa), of which the EU is
       | probably like 90%, at least, of the total, so it's probably toing
       | the line of actually making the EU unprofitable to Google
       | considering the costs of future compliance to avoid being fined
       | again. Worse: this was not as steep as the fine could have been,
       | they could've fined them about double this amount under current
       | regulations, but chose not to. Probably because that would have
       | pushed Google's EU operations into the red for sure and made the
       | decision easy for them.
       | 
       | To be sure the company won't be in trouble financially, their
       | global revenue can cover the fine, but that doesn't stop the EU
       | from potentially being a net loss for the company going forward.
       | Abandoning the EU would be a drastic step, though. It's going to
       | be interesting to see how they adapt to this. Another fine on
       | this scale and I think they will pull out.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | Bear in mind a global company like Google would much rather
         | operate in the EU in the red than pull out. Simply because
         | Google only survives on being a monopoly, and leaving one of
         | the biggest global markets makes too much room for a competitor
         | to develop that can eventually challenge them across the world.
        
         | locallost wrote:
         | They do 200 billion in ad sales a year. Without checking the
         | data, I am pretty sure the EU is at least their third largest
         | market, if not the second. This is definitely a lot less than a
         | 1/4 of their revenue and they're not going anywhere.
        
         | uni_rule wrote:
         | I hate that fines proportional to the revenue giant companies
         | make from doing shady shit are the exception and not the rule
        
         | weatherlite wrote:
         | The EU seems fine with the idea actually - it wants more
         | independence on technology and said so several times. There
         | will be many many pissed off European users for sure but that
         | never stopped the EU elite from making a decision. Still -
         | seems like a reach to me.
        
           | antonymy wrote:
           | I just remember when the EU passed that legislation that made
           | it legal for member states to require Google to pay a fee to
           | newspapers for linking to their content in Google News. Only
           | a few countries bothered to try enforcing it, notably Spain
           | did, and the result was Google called their bluff and de-
           | listed every newspaper in Spain from Google News. It did not
           | take long until Spain relented and permitted newspapers to
           | waive the requirement with exemptions (i.e. allow status quo
           | ante), which is exactly what happened for the bulk of them.
           | 
           | Google definitely wants to stay in this market, but I don't
           | think the EU has as much leverage as they think.
        
             | osculum wrote:
             | It took about 8 years? And my understanding is that it
             | changed because Spain now allows the newspapers to
             | negotiate directly with Google, not because Google doesn't
             | have to pay those fees
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-news-re-opens-
             | spai...
             | 
             | Disclaimer: I work for Google in an unrelated product.
             | Opinions are my own.
        
         | babelfish wrote:
         | To be clear, while the fines might make operating in the EU
         | unprofitable, they could just...follow EU regulations...and
         | remain profitable, albeit at a likely lower margin
        
           | antonymy wrote:
           | That's probably the goal, but Google is probably going to
           | have anxiety about getting fined again if their compliance is
           | not enough. Except in this case, the fines are so steep that
           | it'd be very hard to over-spend on compliance. But it's just
           | a race to the bottom in any case, Google only stands to make
           | less and less money in the EU from now on.
        
             | dangjc wrote:
             | It's not walking on egg shells. It's very clear directions
             | to avoid anti competitive behavior. Maybe it's harder
             | without a moral compass telling them to not be evil.
        
           | ranman wrote:
           | EU regulations + individual country restrictions are written
           | in a way that's allergic to running a profitable business
           | (with a few notable exceptions).
        
             | DandyDev wrote:
             | That seems like hyperbole to me. Did you do concrete
             | research/calculations to prove that for example Google in
             | this case would not be able to turn a profit in the EU when
             | they'd comply to regulations?
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | To be fair, it's often very unclear how regulations relating
           | to markets apply. Which is why lawsuits around them often get
           | reversed on appeal, re-reversed on another appeal, and so on.
           | 
           | It's often very open to interpretation what constitutes a
           | market, what constitutes bundling, what constitutes
           | dominance, what constitutes monopoly, what even constitutes a
           | product. There's neither such a thing as clear-cut
           | definitions, nor even common sense (since different people's
           | common sense can be diametrically opposed).
           | 
           | It's things as basic as: is a Sony Walkman with headphones
           | one product or two? What's the difference between Sony
           | requiring you to buy headphones together with the tape
           | player, or Android requiring Google to be the default search?
           | Is "portable cassette player with headphones" a single
           | market, or are "portable cassette players" and "headphones"
           | separate markets?
           | 
           | There's no such thing as "just follow EU regulations". Google
           | and other observers can genuinely believe it's following
           | them, while a specific EU court and yet other observers can
           | genuinely believe it's breaking them.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | Also, prior to Google throwing vast sums of money at phone
             | companies, Bing was paying off many EU mobile phone
             | providers to install Bing as the default search engine on
             | all their Android-based devices _and lock users out from
             | changing it to anything else_. Since those companies were
             | government-enforced oligipolies, this meant ordinary users
             | effectively couldn 't get devices that sent their searches
             | to Google or anyone other than Bing in many countries
             | unless they went off-piste and bought their own device
             | online from someone other than their mobile provider (which
             | doesn't work a lot of the time these days with 4G calling).
             | This could well end up substantially reducing consumer
             | choice in a way that directly hurts Google. In fact, an
             | astounding chunk of the Google anti-trust actions from the
             | EU seem aimed at giving Bing unearned advantages...
        
             | ephbit wrote:
             | > What's the difference between Sony requiring you to buy
             | headphones together with the tape player, or Android
             | requiring Google to be the default search?
             | 
             | Sony and headphones together with tape player ... there's a
             | synergy there, when they can sell them together, it's a
             | small one though. (Selling two pieces of hardware together
             | generates more turnover with one transaction.)
             | 
             | With Android requiring Google to be the default search ...
             | in comparison to the headphones there's a huge synergy
             | here, I'd say. Collecting data (via non search software on
             | the Android phone) and adding to it more data from search,
             | makes all data more valuable in a very non-linear way. With
             | the tape player I'd say it's more linear.
             | 
             | So for me, the search data is a quite obvious non-
             | neutrality issue.
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | I just meant it as a rhetorical question... just to point
               | out that what is obvious for one person, the opposite is
               | obvious for another. And so just "following regulations"
               | doesn't always necessarily have any kind of objective way
               | to do it -- as evidenced by courts often disagreeing with
               | each other in specific situations.
        
               | ephbit wrote:
               | I think I understood what you were after, giving an
               | example, that is.
               | 
               | When I read the example though, I immediately thought it
               | didn't quite ring true. So I tried to explain to myself
               | why and came up with what I wrote.
               | 
               | Even though there are obviously many examples one could
               | give, where it'd indeed be difficult to see a difference,
               | I didn't want to let this specific example go
               | unchallenged. Why? Because it is so close to the actual
               | topic (Google).
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | > What's the difference between Sony requiring you to buy
             | headphones together with the tape player, or Android
             | requiring Google to be the default search?
             | 
             | Because of the tying of third-parties, I don't think that
             | this is an equivalent comparison. This is more like going
             | into the record store (since we're going back to the 80s
             | with our Walkman) and finding that you think the Walkman
             | comes with garbage headphones. So you pick up a Panasonic
             | player and the headphones you want. Then you pick up a
             | couple of tapes that you wanted to listen to, get to the
             | counter, and the store owner explains that those albums are
             | on the BMG label, so he can't sell them to you. In fact, he
             | can't sell any Sony Music group cassettes unless you own
             | those shitty Sony headphones, because if he does, Sony
             | Music won't let him sell any more Sony Music albums in his
             | store.
        
       | gwerbret wrote:
       | A summary of the original findings by the European Commission
       | (1):
       | 
       | "By decision of 18 July 2018, the Commission fined Google for
       | having abused its dominant position by imposing anticompetitive
       | contractual restrictions on manufacturers of mobile devices and
       | on mobile network operators, in some cases since 1 January 2011.
       | Three types of restriction were identified:
       | 
       | 1. those contained in 'distribution agreements', requiring
       | manufacturers of mobile devices to pre-install the general search
       | (Google Search) and (Chrome) browser apps in order to be able to
       | obtain a licence from Google to use its app store (Play Store);
       | 
       | 2. those contained in 'anti-fragmentation agreements', under
       | which the operating licences necessary for the pre-installation
       | of the Google Search and Play Store apps could be obtained by
       | mobile device manufacturers only if they undertook not to sell
       | devices running versions of the Android operating system not
       | approved by Google;
       | 
       | 3. those contained in 'revenue share agreements', under which the
       | grant of a share of Google's advertising revenue to the
       | manufacturers of mobile devices and the mobile network operators
       | concerned was subject to their undertaking not to pre-install a
       | competing general search service on a predefined portfolio of
       | devices."
       | 
       | 1: https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/p1_3862705/en/
        
         | guelo wrote:
         | The irony is that if Google had not licensed Android and only
         | manufactured its own devices, like Apple does, it could
         | restrict consumer options much more harshly without EU fines
         | and restrictions.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | If you look at their in house phones the odds are that this
           | would actually have tanked android entirely.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | If Google chose that path, other manufacturers would still
           | need an OS to put on their phones - and it's likely Windows
           | Phone would be the contender. So maybe we'd live in a world
           | with 3 mobile OS's and more competition.
           | 
           | The point is, the alternative scenario involves more actors
           | making different choices.
        
             | slaw wrote:
             | We would live in a world with 2 mobile OS's iOS and Windows
             | Phone. Android would land in Google Graveyard.
        
               | kernal wrote:
               | Windows Phone was always destined to fall. There is no
               | scenario in which Windows Phone would not been beaten
               | into irrelevance by Google and by Microsoft's own actions
               | in undermining their underwhelming and unpopular mobile
               | OS.
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | Windows phone was destined to fail mainly because they
               | were the third to show up to a two-man race. If Android
               | never showed up, or completely biffed it at the starting
               | line, then Windows Phone probably could have succeeded
               | with enough time.
               | 
               | The other possible alternative is Palm WebOS, but I think
               | they were too Apple-like for their own good. The key
               | differentiators that helped Android succeed as an iPhone
               | alternative (wide device variety, more "open" platform)
               | apply much more easily to Windows Phone.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Well, this thread is in the parallel universe in which
               | Google would have sold only its own Android devices. So
               | no Android + LG, Sony, Samsung, Huawei, etc.
               | 
               | If you look at Google's hardware's capabilities, Android
               | would have flopped immediately.
               | 
               | As bad as the org level issues were with Windows Phone,
               | it would have still beaten Android-on-Google-hardware-
               | only.
        
               | kernal wrote:
               | Microsoft actually charged a license fee for Windows
               | Phone OS which is just one of many reasons OEM's
               | abandoned the OS. Google also would have undercut their
               | licensing fees to ensure their failure. Additionally, the
               | absence of any Google apps would have also ensured a
               | quick death for Windows Phone. Its failure was inevitable
               | and justified for what they did to their customers and
               | OEM's.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | In this hypothetical Android apps are far less relevant
               | with that ecosystem only being present on Google phones.
               | 
               | I wonder without AOSP or some other major FOSS mobile
               | operating system to shake things up, if smartphones would
               | be more like the PDA industry in the 1990s, with
               | proprietary OS's from OEMs competing with each other.
               | Maybe Palm sticks around and webOS gets a long lease on
               | life. Maybe Samsung, Intel, the Linux Foundation, and co.
               | try to get mass adoption of Tizen, with hilarious
               | results. Though perhaps if Nokia sticks around, MeeGo as
               | based on the Harmattan design in the N9 gets wider use,
               | delaying the need for a successor like Tizen. In any
               | case, with only Apple and Microsoft as their mobile
               | competitors and without Android devices cutting at their
               | margins, BlackBerry still has a fighting chance.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | Then maybe Firefox OS and Ubuntu Touch would still be
               | around as FOSS mobile OS.
        
               | doublepg23 wrote:
               | Firefox OS was built from a lot of Android internals.
        
             | Apocryphon wrote:
             | Maybe Nokia would have stuck around unmerged and there
             | would have been hope for the very polished MeeGo build seen
             | on the Nokia N9.
             | 
             | Not to mention BlackBerry and webOS still being contenders.
        
             | babypuncher wrote:
             | I think Google would have killed off Android before it
             | could really take off if they went that route. Early
             | Android was very rough compared to iPhoneOS, and one of its
             | biggest selling points was the variety of hardware you
             | could get it on. Early successful devices like the Motorola
             | Droid and HTC Evo 4G were important to solidifying Android
             | as a serious smartphone platform. This strategy allowed
             | Google to focus on improving the software while experienced
             | hardware manufacturers did what they already do best.
        
           | rococode wrote:
           | DMA may be coming soon and would most likely affect Apple
           | too.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Markets_Act
        
             | _aavaa_ wrote:
             | > The list of obligations would include prohibitions on
             | combining data collected from two different services
             | belonging to the same company (e.g. Facebook and WhatsApp);
             | 
             | Would this not simply kill the kind of integration that
             | Apple has between its different services? Or any of the
             | smart assistants?
        
           | dagaci wrote:
           | This is true, but the case for the acceptance of Android in
           | the Market was that its was and open-platform and open-
           | source. This is what gave it legs despite its early
           | questionable software and hardware merits (the mantra being
           | that you can fix it yourself!). The slow moving EU, a
           | decade++ later is on target from this point of view. ....
        
             | mhermher wrote:
             | Not even necessarily the "market" of consumers, but more
             | specifically the market of manufacturers.
        
             | babypuncher wrote:
             | Android is not really all that open anymore, at least not
             | in the sense that it was in 2010 when AOSP was basically
             | just a de-Googled Android. The AOSP today is more like
             | Darwin is to macOS than Chromium is to Chrome.
             | 
             | I think today's ruling reflects this, as much of it has to
             | do with how Google handles the licensing of their
             | proprietary Android bits.
        
           | dahfizz wrote:
           | Theoretically, yes. But I am confident the EU would find
           | other ways to extract fines from Google in that case.
        
             | stingraycharles wrote:
             | "Extract fines" makes it sound like the EU is the evil one
             | here, rather than Google abusing its position.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | The world is not a child's cartoon. It can be
               | simultaneously true that Google is a scummy monopolist
               | and the EU is not acting in good faith.
        
               | krzyk wrote:
               | Yes, but this Google. They are far away from having
               | consumers as their top priority.
               | 
               | And this is EU, which mostly does have them as top
               | priority.
        
               | pmyteh wrote:
               | It's acting in good faith insofar as it _does_ care about
               | establishing transparent markets (and also protecting
               | citizen privacy). It 's fortunate (at least for itself)
               | that these ambitions are entirely consistent with
               | political expediency - which means they can pursue them
               | without reserve.
               | 
               | If an EU company did similar it might not be hit so hard
               | (which would be hypocritical). But that doesn't make this
               | action (a fine for obviously anticompetitive action) in
               | bad faith, so much as it would make the other (lack of
               | fine) so.
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | If you're accusing others of acting in bad faith you need
               | to substantiate that. With a proper argument. Otherwise
               | you're not acting in good faith yourself.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | I wouldn't use the term bad faith but it's clear the EU
               | wants American big tech out
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | The EU very regularly fines European companies. AFAIK
               | there is no statistics showing a preference towards
               | investigating American companies. Though that is
               | certainly the case for large software companies, simply
               | by due to the fact that there are more of them and with
               | larger revenues than European ones.
               | 
               | Have you any evidence, numerical or otherwise, to
               | substantiate your assertion?
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | The EU doesn't want big tech out. It wants big tech
               | abusers out.
               | 
               | And guess what, most of those big tech abusers are
               | American.
               | 
               | But if it helps with anything, it doesn't look too kindly
               | upon Chinese companies, either.
               | 
               | It can't really do much about European big tech companies
               | since there aren't that many left... and they're in
               | enterprise markets where things work completely
               | differently (enterprises can sue you themselves very
               | efficiently if they're disadvantaged, thank you very
               | much).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | StingyJelly wrote:
             | As a counterexample there's Apple with not insignificant
             | market share in Europe - pushing icloud, not supporting
             | third party operating sysems or even sideloading, still
             | keeping proprietary connector despite everyone else using
             | usb-c, etc.
        
               | at-fates-hands wrote:
               | Which kind of begs the question about the differences
               | between a "walled garden" in a way to protect their users
               | and what exactly amounts to anti-competitive business
               | practices.
               | 
               | Windows phones tried the Apple approach if I remember
               | correctly when their phones were on the market and it
               | wasn't enough to keep them competitive. They had a litany
               | of other issues to boot, but taking the "walled garden"
               | approach raised the ire of many developers.
        
               | gls2ro wrote:
               | At the first Google search (irony) I found that apple is
               | maybe around 30% maybe (depending on the source) a bit
               | hight than Samsung which is pretty close. but when
               | looking at iOS vs Android then we have 30% (iOS) vs 60%
               | (Android).
               | 
               | this does not look at all even close to a monopoly from
               | Apple.
               | 
               | As far as I see their power in Europe comes from the fact
               | that competition is following them in some decisions.
        
               | stingraycharles wrote:
               | For sure my recently bought iPad and Apple Watch use
               | USB-C, so I think that part is not true. Arguably due to
               | EU legislation.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Or they could have written their licensing agreements in a
           | way that doesn't violate antitrust law.
           | 
           | Apple has lots of partners, but Foxconn and Pegatron make
           | phones for many companies.
        
           | babypuncher wrote:
           | I don't think we would still be talking about Android today
           | if Google went down that path.
           | 
           | I think in this alternate universe, Windows Phone may have
           | actually succeeded.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | So I have no doubt Google threw their weight around in the
         | Android space. It's known that they impose conditions for
         | access to the Google suite of apps. But I have a thought that I
         | have a hard time reconciling.
         | 
         | Imagine Google had gone the Apple route of vertically
         | integrating handset production, distribution and sale in the
         | same way Apple did. If they had, there would be no antitrust
         | issue, just like there isn't with Apple.
         | 
         | That seems weird.
         | 
         | How is having third-party manufacturers (well, really it's just
         | Samsung now) create more antitrust issues than the Apple model?
         | That just doesn't seem right.
        
           | michaelmrose wrote:
           | If me and my wife decide to run with the bulls there is no
           | legal wrong doing so I don't understand why child protective
           | services took little suzy away just because she a five year
           | old had to run away in stark terror from a ton of hooves and
           | fury barely escaping with her life!
           | 
           | Differing relationships come with differing obligations. It
           | appears fairly straightforward that its illegal in Europe to
           | impose such obligations on other market players. If they
           | couldn't abide by that they could have declined to do
           | business in the continent. It's not really weird that
           | different places have different rules.
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Well, one way to lose an antitrust case is putting obviously
           | anticompetitive clauses into contracts, like here. This is
           | much easier to prove than the whole "customer harm through
           | abuse of dominant market position" thing!
           | 
           | Much like when Jobs called up all the book publishers and
           | told them straight up "we gotta agree on one price among us,
           | and remember we are doing this to harm Amazon who we both
           | hate". Now this was a slam dunk prosecution!
        
           | moritonal wrote:
           | Because Apple paid for all that integration. Google
           | essentially vassalised companies by using the immense money
           | they make from Search to wipe out a market of Phone-OS
           | developers forcing companies to use Android.
           | 
           | Kinda like how Uber was forced to accept they were an
           | employer because they dictated work hours to drivers. Google
           | is being forced to accept they have the potential to be a
           | monopoly, and have abused that.
        
         | nilsbunger wrote:
         | #2 is the same thing Microsoft got busted for by US antitrust
         | in the late 90s. Microsoft had required computer vendors to NOT
         | sell computers with other OSes (eg Linux). At one point they
         | insisted computer vendors pay for a Windows license on all
         | computers they shipped, even ones shipped without Windows.
        
           | at-fates-hands wrote:
           | The video deposition of Gates was pretty damning during their
           | anti-trust case. I just remember watching it and having my
           | image of Gates shattered right in front of me. The amount of
           | unhinged arrogance and hubris he had was startling. I know it
           | really damaged his clean cut, good guy image and many of my
           | friends said it completely reversed their opinion of him.
        
             | iforgotpassword wrote:
             | Do you think today's Gates really learned his lesson and
             | became a better person, or just better at putting on a
             | show?
        
               | b800h wrote:
               | Time alone mellows out most people.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sylware wrote:
           | Now, it is implicit, and you better care or the hidden OEM
           | price of doz, will skyrocket for _you_.
           | 
           | Even, rumors says that a future doz update may brick _your_
           | hardware...
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | Is it? My reading of #2 suggests Google just didn't want
           | phones with ancient or beta versions of Android in the market
           | with Google branding. Fairly reasonable demand, if you ask
           | me.
           | 
           | #1 is right up the alley that busted Microsoft, though.
        
             | ssddanbrown wrote:
             | #2 sounds like it would prevent manufacturers from
             | developing or using Android forks on completely other
             | devices so, for example, you could not sell a device with
             | Amazon's Fire OS (Even without Google's apps, so no
             | hindrance to Google's branding) while also selling other
             | Android devices with Google's apps. Would seriously hinder
             | entry-to-market for Android-based forks.
             | 
             | To be clear, I have not read the original agreements to
             | confirm this is the case, it's just my interpretation of
             | #2.
        
             | Tuna-Fish wrote:
             | Requiring that someone cannot use Google branding on a
             | phone with an ancient version of Android is legal.
             | 
             | Requiring that someone cannot use Google branding on _any_
             | device they manufacture or sell, if they also manufacture
             | or sell devices _without_ Google branding that use ancient
             | versions of Android, is entirely illegal in the EU.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | aeturnum wrote:
             | > _#2 suggests Google just didn 't want phones with ancient
             | or beta versions of Android in the market with Google
             | branding_
             | 
             | I think that would have been acceptable - my reading of #2
             | is that if you sold phones with a fork of Android, even if
             | that phone did not have Google branding, Google would not
             | allow you to sell *any* phones with Google branding. That
             | does seem very similar to the Microsoft example.
        
             | josefx wrote:
             | > with Google branding
             | 
             | Then the rule was overly broad, since it also prevented
             | them from selling Android phones without Google branding. I
             | think Amazon was involved in that lawsuit after it had
             | issues finding a manufacturer that wasn't bound by that
             | rule.
        
             | mhermher wrote:
             | Why would a manufacturer sell both devices with ancient and
             | current versions of Android at the same time? There is no
             | reason to limit this behavior because no one would do it.
             | This is entirely about smothering AOSP forks.
        
             | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
             | > versions of the Android operating system not approved by
             | Google
             | 
             | That could include deprecated versions and any forks.
        
           | saurik wrote:
           | AFAIK the idea isn't that you can't ship devices running
           | other operating systems but that you can't ship devices
           | running non-compliant forks of Android, which I do agree is
           | nigh unto the same thing--as Android is open source and
           | that's a decision Google already made--but I think is worth
           | noting explicitly as others sometimes see it as different
           | (both because it doesn't prevent a greenfield alternative,
           | and as Google gave away Android for free and arguably didn't
           | have to--though I kind of think they originally did to pull
           | off the coalition--and so this is one of the ways they
           | maintain ecosystem control without being closed source, which
           | they arguably could just do now without issue... I mean,
           | they've already gone back _hard_ on the level of openness
           | they started with, and for a year or so around Android 3.x
           | they _were_ closed source, which I have oft claimed was to
           | stifle Amazon).
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | > I mean, they've already gone back hard on the level of
             | openness they started with
             | 
             | From what I understand, AOSP is not dead, but it's
             | definitely far behind the latest versions of Android. The
             | default apps are not updated, the UI toolkit is behind,
             | most of the new services used by everything in Android are
             | the proprietary bits.
             | 
             | It's basically Darwin at this point, yeah, open source, but
             | in no way shape or form if you build Darwin, do you get Mac
             | OS.
        
               | saurik wrote:
               | (By "gone back hard" I don't mean "has returned to" but
               | "did a 180 away from". Maybe you are just expanding, but
               | it sort of sounded like you were disagreeing, when in
               | fact I am fully on board. I remember when they started
               | and their stated goal had been to separate all of their
               | build and hosting infrastructure from Google so everyone
               | was working with and seeing live commits to collaborate.)
        
       | typon wrote:
       | What amount would these EU fines have to be to make companies
       | like Google and Facebook decide to exit the EU?
        
         | speedgoose wrote:
         | That would be such a dream!
        
         | bzxcvbn wrote:
         | This is never going to happen. It's just too big of a market.
        
           | woevdbz wrote:
           | It's also _really_ not the outcome wanted by regulators.
           | Everyone losing access to their email and information,
           | YouTube, etc would create absolute chaos. Antitrust 's job is
           | to rein in profit, not destroy markets.
        
           | origin_path wrote:
           | Never is a big word. Every time the EU levies fines like this
           | it's effectively the market getting smaller.
           | 
           | Also, there's degrees of exit. Google can exit the market and
           | have zero presence in the EU whilst still sub-licensing tech
           | to affiliates who pay for the privilege and resell their
           | stuff, whilst dealing with all the local regulatory
           | overheads. Plenty of firms use that sort of model.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | probably 15-20% of annual revenue
         | 
         | its psychology, the board or ceo would react preemptively based
         | on the idea that shareholders would react on their behalf
         | 
         | shareholders (if they have voting power at all) would react for
         | the same result at higher fine amounts than that
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | Not annual, but projected maybe over decade... once you lose
           | the market you lost it also next years. Lets not forget its
           | 500 million of above-average rich folks that use google
           | services extensively.
           | 
           | The fine would have to be in range of 100 billion for them to
           | exit
        
             | antonymy wrote:
             | Their annual revenue from the EU is only 17 billion
             | dollars, as of 2021. The current fine is about a quarter of
             | that. This is revenue, not profit. So this fine very likely
             | impacted the bottom line for what Google is pulling out of
             | the EU. And it was not even as big as they could've made
             | it. It's very likely the EU refrained from the maximum fine
             | amount because it would've pushed Google's EU operations
             | firmly into the red.
             | 
             | And this is setting aside the costs of compliance to avoid
             | more fines. Even if the costs are less than another fine,
             | they're not nothing. You're looking at an entire year's
             | profits from the EU essentially being wiped out by this
             | fine, plus reduced profits going forward due to increased
             | compliance costs and probably losing sales. And this is
             | your best case scenario.
             | 
             | It would not take a 100 billion dollar fine to make Google
             | leave the EU, it would only take another fine like this
             | one.
        
               | jsnell wrote:
               | That's the quarterly revenue, not the annual.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | Speculation - google would want to operate in the EU even at
           | a loss:
           | 
           | 1. Other search engines regularly appearing in news / on
           | screens would remind the non-EU users about alternatives.
           | 
           | 2. Lost traffic is lost information. Google still relies on
           | knowing your behaviour to improve targeting.
           | 
           | 3. Giving a whole region to other search engines would build
           | up their financial standing and they could threaten Google in
           | other regions in the future.
        
             | origin_path wrote:
             | Very unlikely - the EU has proven it cannot build a Google
             | competitor worth a damn. Instead what would happen is that
             | Google would have no corporate presence here but the
             | website would still be accessible, and people would just
             | continue using it as normal but with fewer local
             | customizations and the only ads they'd see would be from
             | American firms, or from European firms that buy ads via
             | American subsidiaries / brokers.
        
             | Nasrudith wrote:
             | I personally doubt it, mostly because Baidu is a similiar
             | boat and hasn't been a spreading competitor of note in that
             | space. Not apples to apples obviously due to several
             | reasons admittedly, but that is most country to country
             | comparisons.
        
         | soheil wrote:
         | I just want to point out in Russia those companies have little
         | to no presence specially after the war. It's telling that we
         | always hear it's a sign of oppression and authoritarianism if
         | governments kicked out those services out of their country, but
         | here we are people advocating for it in the EU.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Only one way to find out!
        
       | ShredKazoo wrote:
       | Who gets the $4B? How will it be determined where it's spent?
        
       | RandomWorker wrote:
       | That increases the budget of the eu parliament with 2.2% on a
       | yearly basis if paid out in one go.
       | 
       | [1082B for 2014-2020, 4B/1082B*6y~2.2%]
       | 
       | A loss of 4B is a decrease of revenue by 1.5% for google.
       | 
       | [googles revenue was 256B in 2021 4/256~1.5%]
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | EMEA represents about 31% of revenues. Google makes about 76B
         | in net income.
         | 
         | So another way to look at this is 21% of profits in Europe for
         | a year.
        
           | josefx wrote:
           | Another way to look at this is 2% if you split it over all
           | the years the illegal behavior has been going on and then
           | going through the courts.
        
         | markdestouches wrote:
         | Gives you a good perspective on how big google is and how much
         | influence it potentially has.
        
         | davidguetta wrote:
         | what do they f**ing do with 1000B :/
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | if you would actually visit (not only) poorer parts of EU,
           | you would find entire new roads built or repaired completely
           | by EU funds. Parks created, playgrounds built, many many
           | useful things for common population. Companies can apply for
           | various funds ie to get more eco-friendly.
           | 
           | Its true that some of it gets stolen by local corruption but
           | overall this is the source of many good things that folks can
           | actually see around them, in places that wouldn't get any
           | otherwise.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | You mean The European Parlament, or Google?
        
           | dkarl wrote:
           | If you're interested, there's a fascinating book called Life
           | of a European Mandarin that provides an insider view and
           | manages to be entertainingly written despite being about the
           | incredibly dry work the EU does. It gives a vivid glimpse
           | into how hard and tedious it is to accomplish things that are
           | obvious wins like harmonizing trivial differences in laws
           | across borders. You would expect it to be the kind of book
           | you have to force yourself to finish, and there are certainly
           | moments like that, but overall it reads more like a guilty
           | pleasure, and I highly recommend it. It gave me respect for
           | that kind of work and also makes me very glad I chose a
           | different profession.
        
           | nielsole wrote:
           | The budget is publicly available: https://eur-
           | lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELE...
        
           | statusfailed wrote:
           | It mostly funds projects:
           | 
           | > Approximately 94% of the EU budget funds programmes and
           | projects both within member states and outside the EU. Less
           | than 7% of the budget is used for administrative costs, and
           | less than 3% is spent on EU civil servants' salaries.
           | 
           | From [0], see also [1]
           | 
           | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Uni
           | on#P...
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-
           | parliament/en/organisat...
        
             | origin_path wrote:
             | That's a tautology, the spending for every government will
             | primarily go on "programmes and projects".
        
           | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
           | Negotiate trade agreements for the second largest market in
           | the world. Make harmonised law and regulations and operate
           | the courts associated. Finance infrastructure projects and
           | the development of the poorest members. Manage various
           | cooperation efforts between members in sector like education.
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | EU _needs_ to do a better job at showing how useful it is,
             | where the money goes and so on, so that people stop having
             | this vague idea of what EU is and does, and start seeing
             | the benefits. Should do a good job at reducing the number
             | of eurosceptics.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | Funny. I just heard literally the opposite complain a
               | couple hours ago: that the EU advertisements are getting
               | obnoxious. Virtually every single infrastructure project
               | that is even partially financed by a EU agency shows all
               | the appropriate logos almost everywhere.
        
               | KAMSPioneer wrote:
               | Ha, I can see why; I work in an institute that receives
               | funds from time to time for infrastructure enhancements
               | and large projects. We have those logos scattered
               | throughout some equipment, hanging in rooms, etc. It's
               | far from intrusive, though. I would rather see a sign
               | that says "EU helped pay for this" than product
               | placement, if I'm being candid.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | The EU has a GDP of almost 20 Trillion, what kind of
           | magnitudes of cash would you expect?
        
         | bzxcvbn wrote:
         | The budget of the EU parliament? What do you mean? The budget
         | of the parliament was about 740kEUR in 2022.
         | 
         | Did you mean the budget of the EU itself? It's about what you
         | said (180BEUR in 2022). Of course, that doesn't account for
         | individual member States' budgets. The EU's budget is dwarfed
         | by the aggregate of all members' budgets, and it is lower than
         | most of the big EU countries' budgets.
        
           | 988747 wrote:
           | Did you mean 740k EUR per person? I can't find the whole
           | budget right now, but it costs EU parliament over 100 million
           | just to move it back and forth between Brussels and
           | Strasbourg (which is totally pointless and is only done so
           | that France can feel important). They also apparently spend 1
           | billion per year on translators.
           | 
           | EDIT: I guess I offended some French people, hence the
           | downvotes :)
        
             | nightpool wrote:
             | Apparently this is correct:
             | 
             | > In [2014], the European Court of Auditors (ECA) carried
             | out a further analysis of the potential savings if all
             | meetings were held in Brussels, following a request from
             | the Parliament. Their estimate of the cost of the monthly
             | move is 113.800.000 euro.
             | 
             | (From an EJTA fact checking website, which labeled a
             | separate 200MM euro number as "mostly false"
             | https://eufactcheck.eu/factcheck/mostly-false-travelling-
             | cir...)
        
             | Fiahil wrote:
             | > EDIT: I guess I offended some French people, hence the
             | downvotes :)
             | 
             | Yes.
             | 
             | But I have to recognise, they could - at least - hand out
             | "free" train tickets to most of the Parliament staff. Not
             | just between Brussels and Strasbourg, but everywhere in the
             | EU.
        
             | manholio wrote:
             | > They also apparently spend 1 billion per year on
             | translators.
             | 
             | Now that the UK is out of the Union, it would be nice for
             | sanity to prevail and most of those translators be made
             | redundant. Except for drafting official multi-language
             | legal documents, the bulk of the proceedings can go on in
             | English, and EMPs that require translation services should
             | request them from their own countries.
             | 
             | It will never happen, but one can surely dream.
        
               | FridayoLeary wrote:
               | Sanity is not one of the hallmarks of the monster that is
               | the EU bureaucracy.
        
               | ignaloidas wrote:
               | EU publishes tons of written material, and basically all
               | of it has to be translated. Costs for translating the
               | proceedings are very likely less than 1% of total costs
               | for translation.
        
               | manholio wrote:
               | > EU publishes tons of written material, and basically
               | all of it has to be translated.
               | 
               | But only legislative text needs to have translated
               | versions officially recognized as equivalent. The rest
               | can be produced and published in English, and member
               | countries can translate them as required, if necessary.
               | It's a huge expense that exists only to placate French
               | linguistic nationalism.
        
               | mqus wrote:
               | Well, Imagine your government (the EU is not far off of
               | being one) is now handling everything in spanish, even
               | though your country speaks english and english is your
               | official language. Lets be generous and there are only
               | about 10% of people not speaking spanish. Is it really ok
               | that there are official documents, meeting notes,
               | publications, advertisements,web sites, videos etc in
               | spanish and only the most important ones get translated
               | to your language?
               | 
               | For companies this would completely fine. For a
               | government this is not.
               | 
               | Apart from that, there is right now a huge source of text
               | that is publicly available and already translated into
               | the same X languages, with a huge quality to boost.
               | People have teached ML translators with that text source.
               | Ofc this is just a side effect but these translations
               | have made other translations and communication in the EU
               | a bit more simple just by being such a big reference.
        
       | AtNightWeCode wrote:
       | Android/GP is the most corrupted market in the history of
       | mankind. Just baffling how EU aim for non-important things.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | So... What's the end result? Google has to charge for Android?
       | Ask users their search preference?
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Android should damn well ship with multiple app stores and
         | multiple browsers, not just the GoogleApprovedTM app store
         | where they ban anyone that looks at them wrong or thinks about
         | blocking ads for more than 2 miliseconds.
         | 
         | The exclusive app stores are both iOS and Android's greatest
         | strengths and failings at the same time. Apple is arguably the
         | far worse offender there too. If there was an alternative app
         | store on iOS everyone would jump ship immediately.
         | 
         | Imagine having crossplatform Steam/GoG Mobile stores for mobile
         | games, etc.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | The way this EU ruling is setup, they want your Android not
           | only ship with other stores, but allow sales with exclusively
           | those stores as well.
           | 
           | Just like the case with Chinese phones now - I have bunch of
           | people in my family angry because they bought Huawei and they
           | now can't use their banking apps because it's an incompatible
           | build of Android that requires publishing in a Huawei
           | AppStore to work.
           | 
           | That's worse. That's strictly worse for everyone, even the
           | OEMs will lose their market to Apple by driving their
           | ecosystem into the ground... again. Samsungs, Nokias, ASUS,
           | etc. did this tragedy of the commons failure repeatedly and
           | reliably.
        
             | twobitshifter wrote:
             | Incompatible isn't the right word for it. The banking app
             | could run on the Huawei phone, but they're relying on
             | google to certify the device through the play store.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | > because it's an incompatible build of Android
             | 
             |  _sigh_
             | 
             | I guess it's impossible to go 5 min without somebody
             | wrecking the ecosystem. I don't understand how they can
             | even manage to be incompatible, it's fucking Java, or more
             | commonly these days just a wrapped PWA.
        
               | warkdarrior wrote:
               | Requiring OEMs to be compatible with some Google-given
               | (God-given?) Android version is a constraint on their
               | business and their users. The point of EU's ruling is to
               | allow incompatibilities to flourish. Let each user pick
               | the best Android flavor they want.
        
               | izacus wrote:
               | I mean, in days of Android 4.x, Samsung wasn't able to
               | not mess with core Android APIs for any release (and the
               | bugs weren't even same across different models of the
               | same darn phone).
               | 
               | My favorite bug in career is when we found out that OneUI
               | (2? Don't remember the version exactly.) redefined
               | @android:color/white resource. It was blue.
               | 
               | So anything that was set to white in your app was blue on
               | that one model. That's the quality you can expect from
               | the companies EU is trying to protect here. -_-
        
           | rsanheim wrote:
           | > If there was an alternative app store on iOS everyone would
           | jump ship immediately
           | 
           | citation needed.
           | 
           | if there was an alternative app store, 90% of apple users
           | wouldn't even be aware of it, the other 8% would hear about
           | it and never use it, and maybe, _maybe_ 2% would install it.
        
             | genewitch wrote:
             | there... are, though, for example, cydia.
             | 
             | I've never installed the AOSP or the oneplus specific
             | "android" versions so i have no frame of reference, but it
             | takes about 25 seconds to get cydia to come up on the ipad
             | i use it on, with no other weirdness needed on the ipad
             | itself.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | I mean if there was another competitor store installed by
             | default (as mandated by law, like browser choice was at one
             | point) that wouldn't charge devs $100/year to upload
             | anything and take 30% of all income you'd quickly see the
             | App store deserted.
             | 
             | Then Apple would have to set their pricings competitively,
             | instead of monopolistically.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | The end result is that Google either explains to their
         | shareholders where their dividend is going every quarter or
         | they adjust to what amounts to a fairly consistent signal out
         | of the EU that people there are running out of patience with
         | Google not complying with the rules there and that that has
         | financial consequences.
         | 
         | So, it's a game of ever escalating fines. At some point,
         | they'll hit diesel gate levels, which caused a bit of an
         | existential crisis for VW a few years ago. That signal actually
         | mostly came from the US BTW. The EU is demonstrating that that
         | kind of thin can work both ways and that they might go there
         | squeeze some US companies when they misbehave.
         | 
         | As for Google and Apple, Amazon, MS, Facebook, etc., they've
         | been going through rounds of increasingly larger fines from
         | different countries in the EU and them doing the absolute
         | minimum to maybe toe the line but never entirely. It's not
         | enough; they need to get more pro-active on this or they'll
         | have to deal with bigger fines and lawyer fees. Very simple.
         | Testing what is good enough in a court room like they have been
         | doing is a costly strategy. Judges not amused/impressed so-far
         | apparently.
        
         | MikusR wrote:
         | They already do both of those things.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | I think this is about Google's Android certification, that
         | allows manufacturers to ship Android with any google app. Some
         | like the Play Store are basically required by users, but Google
         | makes it a "get all or none" deal with a lot of other demands,
         | which includes a google search widget.
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | And Apple makes it so you can't even install apps outside
           | their app store.
        
           | josefx wrote:
           | The deal isn't just "all or none" on a single phone, it is
           | all or none over the entire inventory. If you sell an android
           | phone with the play store you are no longer allowed to sell
           | any android devices without it.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Think of the situation with Chinese non-Google phones. You
         | install your favorite app and it crashes on launch because the
         | manufacturer messed with the system APIs.
         | 
         | You run another app and it gets killed in the background, not
         | receiving messages, because it's not on the list of your phone
         | manufacturer partners.
         | 
         | This is the situation with degoogled Android today - a huge
         | compatibility mess.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | > Android has created more choice for everyone, not less
       | 
       | Did it? I can choose between an iOS phone and an Android phone.
       | 
       | I may be able to choose from different manufacturers on the
       | Android side, but on the software side there are just two
       | options.
        
         | that_guy_iain wrote:
         | Before I could choose the same manufacturers but things were
         | tied to those. I knew if I switched from Nokia to Sony for
         | example, it would be completely different. In a way Android
         | resulted in the choice to switch between manufacturers to be
         | painless. Realistically, now you can choose whatever non apple
         | device you want and know everything will continue to work.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | Easy to switch between giving all your data to Google and
           | giving all your data to Google, sure. Bear in mind, Android
           | hardware is no longer unique or distinctive, every glass
           | rectangle is the same, so those choices are pointless, but
           | our lack of privacy is pervasive.
        
             | that_guy_iain wrote:
             | Steve Jobs pointed this out along time ago. No one cares
             | about the hardware. Nice hardware is nice but what we care
             | about is the software.
             | 
             | Previously, we would switch from Nokia to Sony we would
             | lose our ringtones, our games, our apps, our photos, etc.
             | When each phone operator had their own operating system, it
             | was honestly terrible.
             | 
             | And honestly, shoehorning privacy into a conversation about
             | choices in phones is a poor show. Feel ashamed.
        
               | ocdtrekkie wrote:
               | Privacy is the top concern I have with phones. The fact
               | that 80% of them globally are compromised by default is a
               | huge deal. Nobody informed should be rolling with
               | Android, anywhere, and yet here we are.
               | 
               | Also, I care about hardware... when it matters. Sell me a
               | keyboard slider, the DROID 4 was the last compelling
               | reason to care about hardware and we've all been bored
               | senseless since.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | If privacy is a top concern why are you walking around
               | with a tracking device. Even without Google. It's
               | literally a tracking device.
        
               | ocdtrekkie wrote:
               | This is a defeatist justification for using Android that
               | fails to account for the fact that neither Apple nor
               | anyone whose app is on my phone knows where it is right
               | now.
               | 
               | My cell carrier has a non-precise idea of where it is,
               | but may not be able to tie it conclusively to my
               | identity.
        
               | that_guy_iain wrote:
               | Your cell carrier will be able to pinpoint your location
               | very accurately in a urban location. If you look at
               | people getting convicted of various crimes you'll see the
               | location data they're able to extract from the phone
               | number.
               | 
               | Also, they will almost certainly be able to tie it to
               | your identity even on a burner phone by who you contact.
               | If you have a contract then obivously they will tie it.
               | If you have a pay as you go and make payments via non
               | cash methods then that will be tied. Cash payments and
               | the location you made them from will help conclusively
               | tie it to your identity with a half decent amount of
               | work.
               | 
               | You are able to disable gps hardware on some Android
               | phones. But as previously noted, no matter who your phone
               | manufacturer is, it is a tracking device.
        
         | imiric wrote:
         | > I may be able to choose from different manufacturers on the
         | Android side, but on the software side there are just two
         | options.
         | 
         | What do you mean by "just two options"?
         | 
         | The AOSP ecosystem has a healthy range of ROMs to choose from
         | on many devices. The process of installing alternative firmware
         | may not be for everyone, but the choice is there, which is
         | pretty much nonexistent for iOS devices.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | That's like saying the Phoebus Cartell was fine because you
           | can make your own lightbulb.
        
           | Normille wrote:
           | >The AOSP ecosystem has a healthy range of ROMs to choose
           | from on many devices.
           | 
           | But it's not true choice is it? It's just the same old same
           | old with a different skin on top. Much the same as the
           | similarly claimed 'choice' in Linux distros pretty much boils
           | down to the same old same old collection of apps running on
           | the same old same old collection of desktop environments. But
           | with eleventy billion superficial skins layered on top, to
           | choose from.
        
             | RNAlfons wrote:
             | > But it's not true choice is it?
             | 
             | Compared to what?
             | 
             | Apple?
        
             | origin_path wrote:
             | You can fork AOSP in arbitrary ways and have a pretty great
             | OS. Most companies don't do this because they don't have
             | any particular ideas about how to do Android's core
             | differently - UI is one of the places where you can
             | actually innovate and users will notice, so that's where
             | the effort goes. But that's not Google's fault. They can't
             | make Samsung have brilliant ideas about how to rearchitect
             | the OS core.
        
               | Kbelicius wrote:
               | > But that's not Google's fault. They can't make Samsung
               | have brilliant ideas about how to rearchitect the OS
               | core.
               | 
               | One of anticompetitive restrictions identified was:
               | 
               | > 'anti-fragmentation agreements', under which the
               | operating licences necessary for the pre-installation of
               | the Google Search and Play Store apps could be obtained
               | by mobile device manufacturers only if they undertook not
               | to sell devices running versions of the Android operating
               | system not approved by Google;
               | 
               | So no, Samsung can't just fork AOSP.
        
               | origin_path wrote:
               | But Google approves forks that are AOSP compatible as
               | checked by an automated test suite. And if Samsung wanted
               | to, they could stop selling phones with the Google apps
               | and switch to their own AOSP fork. They've already laid
               | much of the groundwork after all.
        
               | Normille wrote:
               | >But that's not Google's fault. They can't make Samsung
               | have brilliant ideas about how to rearchitect the OS
               | core.
               | 
               | Of course not. But that's the point I'm trying to make.
               | The illusion of choice. Out of all eleventy billion
               | versions of Android you can get, who has actually
               | produced something that is truly different, as opposed to
               | just another skin on top of what everyone else has, or a
               | slightly different layout of the same functionality
               | everyone else has?
               | 
               | Here's one example: text editing on mobile. I'm sure I'm
               | not the only person who finds this excruciating.
               | Especially things like selecting text / copy & pasting
               | etc. And, it's 2022 and we still have no 'undo' function.
               | But, every single variant of Android [and iOS] uses the
               | same horribly flawed text editing functionality. Do any
               | of the eleventy-billion 'alternative' versions of Android
               | address any of this? Of course not. It's so much easier
               | to throw a new skin on top of the same old crap than to
               | actually innovate and make real changes.
        
             | wvenable wrote:
             | I'm not clear on what you want? There are two mobile
             | operating systems, do you want some company to make another
             | one? What is stopping them?
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Anticompetitive practices are stopping them. That's the
               | point of these fines. Google controls the predominant
               | non-Chinese marketplace for apps that are compatible with
               | android-based operating systems, and they use it as a
               | hostage to force other device manufacturers to
               | arbitrarily force other google products upon their uses,
               | for the purpose of unfairly expanding their market
               | dominance.
        
               | wvenable wrote:
               | Isn't that a whole other level though? Google is being
               | asked to stop forcing distribution of their software so
               | other Android software can compete.
               | 
               | Either way, you're still going to have 2 operating
               | systems: Android and iOS.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | It's a bit of a self reinforcing loop, though. Top apps
               | are all on Google Play because everyone using Android (on
               | this side of the GFW) is all but forced to stay in
               | Google's ecosystem.
               | 
               | The diversity of *nix based OSes are a testament to what
               | could happen in the absence of monopolistic powers.
               | 
               | If it weren't for Google's stranglehold, Android probably
               | would already be #2 to a fork made by Samsung.
        
               | wvenable wrote:
               | > The diversity of *nix based OSes are a testament to
               | what could happen in the absence of monopolistic powers.
               | 
               | You mean how they all died and Linux became king?
               | 
               | The market cannot support diversity of operating systems
               | -- users will flock to where the applications are and
               | developers flock to where the users are. Only a small
               | number of choices are ever sustainable.
               | 
               | If Android disappeared tomorrow and 10 operating systems
               | were designed to replace it eventually there would be
               | only 1 or 2 surviving.
               | 
               | If Samsung forked Android it will still need to run
               | Android apps and therefore be Android. That's pretty much
               | exactly what they do now.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Darwin and FreeBSD have huge install bases, and can run
               | many *nix applications, as android can too. OS developers
               | often think about compatibility, at least, when they're
               | not contractually prohibited from creating their own OS
               | to begin with.
               | 
               | There's no technological reason that you can't run
               | popular Android apps on other OSes. Other OSes _already_
               | support running Android apps. The primary reason this
               | isn't more common is anticompetitive.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | Are you seriously trying to argue that all linux distros
             | are the same except for their UI?
        
               | wiseowise wrote:
               | Are they not?
        
               | aembleton wrote:
               | No, the package management differs between distros
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | As someone who makes a living partially by doing custom
               | distros for arm custom boards (and apps on top of
               | them)... no. There is no difference between linux
               | distros.
               | 
               | Same for Android flavors for that matter.
        
               | n0tth3dro1ds wrote:
               | Yep. That's pretty much the case. They are functionally
               | the same for 99% of users.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | If you're looking for a phone without ads/spyware, there is
         | less choice because the EU sees Android as a similar product-
         | category as iOS, thereby not identifying iOS as a monopoly (and
         | Android as well, in its own category).
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | I think you can argue that iOS/Android are a duopoly but I'm
           | having a hard time seeing how iOS is a monopoly.
           | 
           | Mobile OS: iOS Android (third options from Korea/China?)
           | 
           | Hardware: iPhone Pixel Galaxy etc.
        
         | Hamcha wrote:
         | Remember when Google refused to put Youtube on Windows Phone
         | and when Microsoft made their own client, Google forced them to
         | take it off their own store? Truly advocating for more choice.
         | 
         | (Press at the time:
         | https://www.theregister.com/2013/08/16/windows_phone_youtube...
         | )
        
           | sangnoir wrote:
           | The Microsoft YT client didn't play ads. All it did was cost
           | YouTube bandwidth without bringing any revenue - there was no
           | way Google was going to let that slide.
           | 
           | More broadly, that was also the time Microsoft was going
           | after Android OEMs - never Google directly - threatening them
           | with a _secret_ list of patents that Android allegedly
           | infringed[1]. The settlement almost always resulted in the
           | OEM agreeing to manufacture Windows phones (HTC and Samsung,
           | off the top of my head). As an outsider, it appeared to be
           | part of a mobile marketshare shadow war.
           | 
           | 1. I'm guessing to prevent invalidation or work-arounds.
        
             | Hamcha wrote:
             | Far from me to want to put Microsoft on a pedestal, but it
             | always felt like neither liked playing fair. WP eventually
             | got a third party Youtube app that kinda stuck for a while,
             | but it was paid (and actually decent) and AFAIK it never
             | got any attention from Google, which to me always felt more
             | like Google was trying to be an ass and protecting their
             | revenue... but mostly their Android revenue.
             | 
             | I was around when Project Astoria almost saw the light of
             | day and I assume Google came back to shoot it down in a
             | similar way (which would be really nice karma given MS
             | patent story)
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | Project Astoria had weird timing, considering Microsoft
               | initially submitted an amicus brief in Oracle v Google
               | _on Oracle 's_ side, i.e. supporting the notion that APIs
               | are copyrightable - which was awkward as Astoria
               | implemented Android APIs. Sometime later, after both
               | sides appealed, MS submitted another amicus - this time
               | on Google's side. Possibly after seeing the light with
               | WSL and Astoria
        
           | MarkusWandel wrote:
           | I had a Windows phone. The web version of Youtube worked
           | fine. The Youtube app on Android is such a pain in the a*
           | that sometimes I use the web version of Youtube on an Android
           | tablet I have!
        
             | nfriedly wrote:
             | You should check out Vanced / ReVanced. Vanced is basically
             | a modified Youtube app with ads removed and a lot of the
             | other annoyances fixed. It's gotten trickier to find since
             | google sent them a nastygram, but they posted the SHA256 on
             | https://vancedapp.com/ so if you find a copy floating
             | around, you can quickly determine if it's legit or not.
             | 
             | ReVanced is a WIP set of tools to patch Youtube and other
             | apps - https://github.com/revanced
             | 
             | Vanced and Iceraven (Firefox with more addons enabled) are
             | two of the main things keeping me on Android.
        
             | oblak wrote:
             | I have only used the android version once and what a pain
             | that was. Clearly designed to only push content on the
             | unsuspecting user and nothing else.
        
           | kernal wrote:
           | Yes, I do remember. You, however, seem to have conveniently
           | left out the fact that they illegally reverse engineered the
           | protocol and filtered ads. Microsoft got what was coming to
           | them.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | And before that you could choose between multiple brands that
         | wouldn't run the same software and could only download apps on
         | a proprietary carrier app store.
         | 
         | Someone built an app for Nokia Symbian phones and released it
         | with O2 UK? Well, go to hell if you had Sony Ericsson Symbian
         | phone because that phones Symbian was incompatible on API level
         | with the Nokia, despite having the same OS. You could even have
         | the same Nokia, but good luck if yours had the T-Mobile DE
         | bloatware and their own store with their own profit sharing
         | deals.
         | 
         | Google enforces compatibility between Android phones with
         | CDD/CTS/VTS which ensures that the phones support a consistent
         | set of working APIs that application devs can rely on.
         | 
         | Before CTS/CDD/VTS tests grew enough, we Android devs had
         | hellova time making sure our apps worked across Samsungs, LGs,
         | Nokias and whatnot.
         | 
         | EU attacking Google for ensuring the Android ecosystem is
         | actually compatible is just ensuring that Apple will dominate
         | with it's lack of choice in the mobile market. The fact that EU
         | officials excluded Apple from consideration of how mobile
         | markets work is telling just how disconnected from reality they
         | are. Apple swept away all the old competitors BECAUSE it didn't
         | have the fragmented mess of lacking cross-device, cross-region
         | and cross-carrier compatibility.
         | 
         | And just to be clear - I'm not against EU issuing out fines to
         | big tech (god knows I've defended that a lot of times), but in
         | this case it's actively toxic for us Europeans.
        
         | Salgat wrote:
         | What they did with their manufacturers is a different issue,
         | but in general they offer a lot more options than Apple.
         | Android allows Manufacturers (such as Amazon and Samsung) to
         | have their own app stores and allows for side loading apps,
         | both of which are impossible with Apple.
        
           | Hamcha wrote:
           | You have it backward, Amazon and Samsung's own appstores are
           | desperate attempts to get enough traction out of Play Store
           | so that they are not forced to succumb to Google's demands.
           | The issue here isn't Android not being open (which it is),
           | the problem is Google having a lot of control (including full
           | veto power) on devices shipping with Google Play Services,
           | while making them an increasingly necessary part of Android.
           | You _can_ make an Android device without having to let Big G
           | call the shots, but they 're banking on you NOT doing that
           | because no one wants a phone without the Play Store and its
           | related services.
        
             | o_1 wrote:
             | It's not good. Google should let people opt out. Breaking
             | the trust of it's users makes people rabid for a feasible
             | opptuntiy to leave. Apple starting to monetize data doesn't
             | make a great argument for jumping in that walled garden.
             | Holding your users hostage is not a good look.
        
             | cloverich wrote:
             | Well also, and note its been a while, but when I used non-
             | Google software on the various other phones I've tried
             | (such as Samsung), the first thing I used to do was
             | uninstall all of their software and (if a available) get
             | the Google versions, because they were usually much better.
             | But this isn't new -- back when I was still purchasing
             | Windows machines it was the same way. For whatever reason I
             | just never found an OEM for laptops or phones whose
             | software seemed to add any value.
             | 
             | Now that I work in Software I get it. Most companies are
             | just really bad at making it.
        
               | mhermher wrote:
               | It's hard to find value in something that you immediately
               | uninstall.
        
             | Salgat wrote:
             | Apple strictly prohibits any apps outside their app store.
             | Google does not. Yes Google abuses their popularity, but
             | it's leagues better than Apple.
        
         | ehsankia wrote:
         | But what did Google do that's worse than what Apple did? It's a
         | bit ironic that by making their OS opensource, they somehow are
         | more guilty than Apple for keeping their OS locked down.
         | 
         | Android allows hundreds of companies to have a business and
         | make millions or billions, many of which are in EU and wouldn't
         | exist if Android had gone the Apple way.
        
       | asadlionpk wrote:
       | EU has decided to make a living out of fining the tech companies
       | regularly.
        
         | rr888 wrote:
         | They continuously fined the banks until they're all nearly
         | bankrupt. I guess tech is next now.
        
           | chmod775 wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure bailouts/other support the banking sector
           | received dwarf any fines they got _for breaking the law_.
           | 
           | Banks going bankrupt is their own fault entirely. It's a "you
           | had _one_ job " kind of thing.
           | 
           | If you want to find someone who is bad at managing your money
           | and somehow breaks the law at the same time, a bank is
           | apparently your best bet.
        
         | fabatka wrote:
         | Seems like it's still worth it for the tech companies, so I'd
         | say it's a smart move.
        
         | nebalee wrote:
         | And Google has decided to make a living out of breaking the law
         | regularly.
        
         | lizardactivist wrote:
         | No, they're not fined regularly, only when they knowingly
         | violate the law.
         | 
         | And it's $4B after 4 years since the beginning of the
         | investigation, a tiny increase to an already massive EU budget.
        
       | Normille wrote:
       | Cool. The EU does have its [many!] faults. But they have a pretty
       | good track record when it comes to consumer rights and consumer
       | choice. Next up I'd like to see them do the same for the plethora
       | of incompatible cordless power-tool systems out there as they did
       | with insisting all mobile phones standardise on a USB connector.
        
         | elsonrodriguez wrote:
         | If the EU standardizes on battery packs, Ryobi needs go get a
         | free pass or extension of some sort. Ryobi have kept the same
         | battery format for 25 years, whereas their competitors have
         | changed battery standards 2 or 3 times during that timeframe.
        
         | woeh wrote:
         | I was pleased to see recently that a couple of different brands
         | at my local DIY store had interoperable batteries. I bought a
         | small lawnmower which now uses the same battery as a cordless
         | drill from another brand. The brands that joined are listed on
         | their marketing site[0].
         | 
         | Edit: One of the companies has a slightly less obnoxious
         | website which also lists brands[1]
         | 
         | [0]https://www.powerforall-alliance.com/en/#technology
         | 
         | [1]https://www.gardena.com/int/products/powerforall/
        
           | franciscop wrote:
           | wow this is very interesting, and the main reason I hadn't
           | bought many cordless tools, because I didn't want 2-5 years
           | down the road to have a bunch of chargers and batteries that
           | are all incompatible among each other! I'll reconsider it
           | whenever I need new tools, thanks for sharing!
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | Oh cool, so there are two competing battery pack standards :D
           | 
           | https://www.cordless-alliance-system.com
        
             | mdiesel wrote:
             | Obligatory xkcd: https://xkcd.com/927/
        
             | bmicraft wrote:
             | I've never even heard of a power tool from any of those
             | companies
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | This is why the EU is right we have to regulate these
             | things. There just aren't right answers here, each battery
             | has pros and cons, so it's a political matter full stop.
        
           | Kerbonut wrote:
           | I'm glad we're finally working towards standard batteries for
           | power tools. I have to say that website is terrible.
        
             | pmx wrote:
             | It plays absolute havoc with the browser history, how did
             | they think that was a good idea?
        
           | dml2135 wrote:
           | Wow this is a great idea. I do have to say I'm disappointed,
           | but not surprised, that none of the bigger brands in power
           | tools look to be participating.
           | 
           | The only name I recognize there is Bosch, I've never had any
           | of their tools but my perception is that they are a mid-tier
           | brand. It would be great to see players like DeWalt,
           | Milwaukee, and Makita do something like this.
        
             | mrks_hy wrote:
             | Bosch segments its own market into the "green" and "blue"
             | parts, the latter being for professional use. They're very
             | well-made and costly, on-par and competitive with the other
             | brands you mentioned. But of course they are _not_ in this
             | Power4All alliance thing and are incompatible with the
             | "green" consumer stuff.
        
         | twblalock wrote:
         | > Next up I'd like to see them do the same for the plethora of
         | incompatible cordless power-tool systems out there as they did
         | with insisting all mobile phones standardise on a USB
         | connector.
         | 
         | We should all be glad that didn't happen with micro-USB or some
         | of the worse connectors years ago, because we would still be
         | stuck with them. USB-C was innovated by the market, not by EU
         | bureaucrats.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Sadly this decision will lead to more fragmentation, not less,
         | won't it? Would have be nice if there was a path forward for
         | Android standards.
        
         | scarface74 wrote:
         | The EU insisting on all phones standardizing on the USB
         | _connector_ is evidence of just the opposite and shows the
         | cluelessness and shortsightness of the EU.
         | 
         | You will still have phones that come with "standard USB C"
         | cables where some support different power delivery, data speeds
         | (or not support data transfer at all), very few will support
         | video over USB C (which is standardized), etc.
         | 
         | So still when the Android user with the cheap power only USB C
         | cord moves over to the hypothetical iPhone 15 with USB C, they
         | will still have to throw away their USB C cable that
         | potentially doesn't support high speed data or video over USB
         | C. Both supported by todays iPads with USB C.
         | 
         | If the same mandate had gone through when it was first
         | proposed, we would have been stuck with micro USB.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _So still when the Android user with the cheap power only
           | USB C cord moves over to the hypothetical iPhone 15 with USB
           | C, they will still have to throw away their USB C cable that
           | potentially doesn't support high speed data or video over USB
           | C._
           | 
           | Except that it's still a perfectly fine cable for charging,
           | which is what most people do with their cables?
        
             | scarface74 wrote:
             | As long as you don't care about data transfers of the very
             | large video and photos that modern phones can create or
             | connecting to a larger screen. If you want to "avoid
             | ewaste" why not "mandate" more than the least common
             | denominator?
             | 
             | If iPhone users were satisfied with the least common
             | denominator, they would be buying cheap Android phones.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | The amount of people that transfer videos/photos off of
               | their phone to a computer by any means is absolutely
               | minuscule.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | So you think the people shooting 4K video and taking RAW
               | pictures are posting them to Instagram?
               | 
               | The lowest common denominator is the same reason that
               | Bluetooth outside of the Apple ecosystem is such a shit
               | show.
               | 
               | Android has supported its own proprietary video over
               | micro USB for ages before USB C became more ubiquitous.
               | What are the chances that Android manufactures won't
               | cheap out and not ship with cables that can support video
               | over USB?
        
               | unionpivo wrote:
               | people who know what shooting 4k video means or what RAW
               | format is is probably way less than 10% of all users of
               | smartphones.
               | 
               | and I am probably overestimating by order of magnitude.
               | 
               | Most people shoot photos and show them to their friends
               | online. Some of them even share it through sites like
               | Instagram and Facebook or WhatsApp and similar.
               | 
               | And that is where it ends for most normal people.
               | 
               | As long as the cable can charge the phone, it will do for
               | the most buyers.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | people who _earn_ on twitch, instagram, etc use dslr or
               | mirrorless cameras, unless the video requires a phone in
               | hand.
               | 
               | I know the "standard setup" shown in media, and
               | advertisements, etc shows a ring light with a cellphone
               | using the _front facing camera_ as the recording device,
               | that 's just not technologically feasible.
               | 
               | And for the record, i move 4k and/or 108MP images from my
               | phones via wifi or cellular, using synology diskstation
               | autosync or syncthing, respectively. I've used syncthing
               | to upload unedited 4k30p drone footage with no issues,
               | and when i get home, it will sync to hard disks in
               | addition.
        
           | ThatPlayer wrote:
           | Because the mandate is not about phones or data. It's about
           | battery powered devices and charging. I don't need data in
           | the cable for my wireless earbuds, or my battery pack. My
           | toothbrush or my beard trimmer. So that hypothetical USB C
           | cable doesn't have to be thrown away, it can still be used
           | for other devices. Which is why standardization is good.
        
             | scarface74 wrote:
             | So grab a random "standard" USB C cable. What are the
             | chances that it will charge my MacBook Pro 16 inch that
             | does support "standard" USB C?
             | 
             | Will that "standard" USB C cable that comes with my Beats
             | Flex headphones charge my iPhone 12 Pro Max? My Anker
             | battery?
        
               | ThatPlayer wrote:
               | Maybe not, but what's the alternative? Should we give up
               | because of incompatibilities and go back to proprietary
               | cables for everyone? Do we move back to DC jacks that
               | offer no voltage negotiation so you can blow up your 5V
               | battery pack with a 24V input?
               | 
               | You're letting perfect be the enemy of good here.
               | 
               | Also I think the ideal endgame is that your Beats Flex
               | headphones don't come with cables at all because of
               | standardization. Look at Apple (and most phone
               | manufacturers) no longer packaging chargers.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | If the aim is to prevent eWaste yes. Someone should be
               | able to buy a "standard" USB access cable and know that
               | it actually work across devices if it is government
               | mandated. If not, what's the point of the "standard"?
        
               | ThatPlayer wrote:
               | Well like you say, it is to prevent ewaste.
               | 
               | And even the cheapest power only USB cables with the
               | cheapest USB power supply provides "standard" 5V power.
               | If your device doesn't accept that, isn't that a problem
               | with your Macbook and not the cable?
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | How far do you think a 5W USB C cable will get charging a
               | 16 inch laptop?
               | 
               | The USB standard is fine until the unsuspecting consumer
               | who left the USB C cord to his MacBook Pro 16 goes to a
               | random drug store to pick up a standard "USB C" cable and
               | wonders why their laptop is still going dead after a few
               | hours of heavy use not knowing the cord is incapable of
               | delivering 100W of power.
               | 
               | Or the hypothetical iPhone 16 user goes to the same store
               | because he wants to watch video on his TV and buys a
               | "standard" USB C cable and finds out that the cable
               | doesn't support video over USB C - which is part of the
               | standard.
               | 
               | Not to mention the unsuspecting tourist who wants to back
               | up the pictures and video from his phone to his computer
               | so he won't incur roaming charges and finds out the USB C
               | cable he purchased is power only.
        
               | ThatPlayer wrote:
               | Once again, you're letting perfect be the enemy of good.
               | A 5W USB C cable will charge faster than the perfect
               | universal cable standard that doesn't exist.
        
               | scarface74 wrote:
               | For all intents and purposes, charging at 5W is basically
               | useless on the iPad Pro (which does have USB C) or a
               | MacBook.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | 5 watt cables do not exist.
               | 
               | Basic cables support 60.
               | 
               | It's unfortunate when cables don't say their Gbps, but
               | that's a different issue.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ignaloidas wrote:
               | > What are the chances that it will charge my MacBook Pro
               | 16 inch that does support "standard" USB C?
               | 
               | Most likely yes, unless it's a non-compliant cable in the
               | first place, and possibly at a reduced speed (60W max).
               | 
               | >Will that "standard" USB C cable that comes with my
               | Beats Flex headphones charge my iPhone 12 Pro Max? My
               | Anker battery?
               | 
               | Ignoring that iPhones don't have USB C, yes to both at
               | the fastest charge rate available.
               | 
               | Only times where you have to worry about a cable with
               | USB-C when charging is if charging power exceeds 60W or
               | the cable is optical. Above 60W you need marked cables,
               | some go up to 100W, and some (will, not seen in the wild
               | yet) go up to 240W. There are plans to deprecate the 100W
               | tier as well.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | can it "charge"? yes. The charging circuitry either can
               | query the output voltage of the power supply, or knows
               | what the voltage should be (on insertion, 5VDC) and
               | determines if the wire is too small or too long to
               | support higher wattage. There's a reason that quickcharge
               | et al use 9, 12, 18 volts, same wattage, but compatible
               | with any of old, too long, or too small gauge wires.
               | 
               | You'll notice weirdness with anything that speaks a
               | different language, i think USB defaults to power
               | delivery, which is 5V @ 2.5A - or whatever. If your
               | charger speaks the same protocol as your device, it will
               | get as much power as it can through whatever cable you
               | use.
               | 
               | this doesn't speak to other comments about "high speed
               | USB C" - i have plenty of power delivery cables that do
               | decent wattage but cannot transfer data, it doesn't even
               | beep the computer when you plug something in to it.
        
         | rlpb wrote:
         | I don't mind so long as third parties are free to make
         | compatible batteries and tools. Unfortunately there's no
         | reasonable migration path for someone already invested in tools
         | and batteries. Unlike phones that get cycled through in just a
         | few years, I am invested in my tools with the expectation that
         | the majority of my less-used tools will last my lifetime. I'd
         | like to be able to buy replacement compatible batteries for at
         | least that long.
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
        
         | suction wrote:
        
         | origin_path wrote:
         | _" consumer choice ... insisting all mobile phones
         | standardise"_
         | 
         | Although it's not the most important thing in the world,
         | forcing standardization through law is the opposite of giving
         | consumers choices.
        
           | largepeepee wrote:
           | Nice joke
        
           | jlokier wrote:
           | I don't think it qualifies as an "opposite", because enforced
           | standards also create consumer choice sometimes.
           | 
           | Case in point: The enforced standardising of mobile phone
           | chargers has _given_ consumers _more choice_ of chargers to
           | use with their phone. Thas proven quite useful in practice,
           | e.g. when they leave the one that came with their device at
           | home because they didn 't expect to need it, or when the
           | manufacturer's own brand is more expensive than an
           | alternative, or if they have an old phone.
           | 
           | I remember before USB-C standardised phone power, when
           | visiting someone the chance that they had a power supply you
           | could use was very low, because each one used a different
           | connector. Even different models from the same brand. If you
           | went travelling at short notice, you might have to buy a
           | second charger just to keep you going for a few days. That's
           | no longer required. Over the years you would end up with a
           | box full of incompatible chargers, all e-waste. I think I
           | have about 10.
           | 
           | This particular consumer benefit didn't happen voluntarily
           | among manufacturers (unlike, say, SIM cards), so forcing it
           | has increased consumer choice in some useful respects.
           | 
           | I prefer Apple's lightning connector (even though I don't
           | have an iPhone), and other connectors better than USB-C would
           | surely emerge if allowed to, so I do see benefits in not
           | enforcing a standard like that too strictly. But the
           | situation before USB-C mobile power was less consumer choice
           | not more, for consumers of almost every phone.
        
           | Normille wrote:
           | That's a bit of a disingenuous comment though. I'd make a
           | distinction between forcing standardisation on something like
           | a power supply connector and forcing standardisation of
           | actual products themselves.
           | 
           | Standardisation of the former means we don't have to have
           | half a dozen sockets on the wall because every domestic
           | appliance manufacturer uses a different design plug... or
           | have each of those sockets provide a different voltage
           | because every appliance manufacturer opted for a different
           | voltage.
           | 
           | Standardisation of the latter leads to waiting 15 years for
           | your Trabant.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | You lose choice of plug, which almost nobody wanted.
           | 
           | You gain choice of charger to use with your phone, which most
           | people do want, especially when outside their home.
        
         | tmoravec wrote:
         | > pretty good track record when it comes to consumer rights
         | 
         | Are you sure EU has "pretty good track record" with these fines
         | of Google, FB, et al.? If anything, I'd say the EU puts a mild
         | theatre every now and then, and gives the US giants a free pass
         | otherwise.
        
           | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure one of the main reasons the EU exists is to
           | fine US tech companies instead of trying to compete
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | I am pretty sure that one of the main reasons US companies
             | are so successful is that they flout laws all over the
             | world, up to and including numerous scandals involving
             | child labor, slavery and corporate manslaughter. CEO of
             | Union Carbide is still wanted in India for 4000 deaths and
             | half a million injuries, and he is hiding in US.
             | 
             | EU is one of the few institutions that reigns them in
             | occasionally, and for some Americans apparently that's a
             | constant source of outrage.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | The standard business practice of many US tech companies is
             | to go:
             | 
             | We have a ton of VC capital. Can we use this to price dump
             | our way into the market or to do slightly illegal or very
             | illegal things covered in great UI/UX/XD so that some
             | consumers are our own side, and by the time they ban us,
             | we're too big too fail and fines we get are lower than our
             | profits?
             | 
             | Examples: Uber, Airbnb, LinkedIn, ...
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | Dear Americans,
             | 
             | Not everything in this world revolves around you.
        
             | chuckSu wrote:
        
           | oblak wrote:
           | You have a point, though one must not forget who runs the
           | world. Spoiler alert: it's not the EU. The bigger theater is
           | forcing the big US bois to invest here (building data
           | centers) by playing the privacy card.
        
           | Normille wrote:
           | >Are you sure EU has "pretty good track record" with these
           | fines of Google, FB, et al.?
           | 
           | I wasn't specifically referring to the Google [and other]
           | anti-trust measures. I was thinking of things along the lines
           | of abolishing roaming charges for mobile phone use, the right
           | to open a bank account in any EU country, the right to work
           | and reside in any EU country, the introduction of the Euro
           | [which I know a lot of people are ambivalent about, but it
           | did get rid of currency conversion charges]. All of which I
           | consider to be 'consumer friendly' actions.
           | 
           | I'm also a European. But unfortunately resident in UK. So all
           | those benefits and more are now lost to me. Still. At least
           | we showed Johnny Foreigner who's boss, eh?
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | What really matters is how many dollars did they take from
           | european citizens and businesses, and how many tax and fine
           | dollars did they return.
           | 
           | Europe needs to make sure these tech giants get to keep just
           | enough money that they don't pull out of europe entirely, but
           | not much more.
           | 
           | Big fines are a start, but a better approach is taxation,
           | since that takes away the regulatory risk for the companies.
        
             | oblak wrote:
             | Huh? The EU tech sector would absolutely love the US giants
             | pulling out (phrasing) of Europe. Who wants to fight all
             | these behemoths that pay almost no taxes here because they
             | "invest" so much
        
               | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
               | Let's imagine for a second that someone really wanted FB
               | out of Europe. FB would fight tooth and nail to stay -
               | because losing the European market would be a huge blow
               | to them. Practically every European business at least
               | tried using FB ads, some have permanent campaigns. There
               | is no way FB would ever leave Europe. They will fight,
               | they will pay, they will protest, but the chances of them
               | leaving are exactly zero.
        
             | tmoravec wrote:
             | > Big fines are a start, but a better approach is taxation,
             | since that takes away the regulatory risk for the
             | companies.
             | 
             | Companies should obey the laws first and foremost. I'm not
             | sure there's a lot of regulatory risk either; Google
             | certainly has enough lawyers to know that what they did was
             | illegal.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | There is no reason to think Google is not aware of EU
               | laws.
               | 
               | One such law for example forbids fake reviews.
               | 
               | Google creates profiles for small businesses, invites
               | everyone to anonymously say whatever they want about
               | business and rate it.
               | 
               | Then they list advertisement from competitors next to it.
               | 
               | Their solution for the public shaming contest is that you
               | should send more <s>customers</s> people to google to
               | review your business and of course purchase adds.
               | 
               | The law says that if you want to do reviews of any kind
               | you must be able to prove the review is from someone who
               | purchased a product or service. The fines are in % of
               | global revenue. Google could have some legal talking
               | point if they allowed business to disable it.
               | 
               | We didn't know wont fly.
        
           | timmg wrote:
           | > and gives the US giants a free pass otherwise.
           | 
           | Probably because I work in tech in the US, but that has not
           | been my view.
           | 
           | What was the fine that the EU put on VW for _intentionally_
           | cheating on emissions standards? And how does that compare
           | with the _many_ fines Google has gotten?
        
             | DoughnutHole wrote:
             | Volkswagen has definitely been fined less than Google -
             | they were fined about a billion. The difference is though
             | that the EU wasn't really prepared for the Volkswagen fraud
             | - there was no standing law setting enormous fines for
             | companies engaged in an emissions fraud of that scale like
             | there is for GDPR violations. Since the scandal they
             | brought in legislation to prevent it in the future,
             | including fines of up to EUR30,000 per car sold violating
             | the emissions guidelines.
             | 
             | EU regulator powers operate with an honestly fairly limited
             | scope based on the laws passed by parliament and the
             | commission. There's no EPA like organisation with broad
             | powers to persue companies for most forms of misbehaviour
             | like there is in the US - that's left to the member states,
             | with countries like Germany and Italy individually
             | prosecuting Volkswagen executives for fraud.
             | 
             | The difference with GDPR and anti-trust violations is that
             | the EU has been deliberately granted the power to exact
             | severe fines on companies _for each individual offence_. If
             | post-scandal Volkswagen had been caught falsifying
             | emissions again and again (similiar to Google 's repeated
             | GDPR violations) they might have been hit with more and
             | more fines of the severity that Google has.
        
               | timmg wrote:
               | Couldn't they have prosecuted VW on the basis of
               | "competition"?
               | 
               | Like VW had an unfair advantage over other (non-EU) car
               | companies because they didn't meet the standards.
               | 
               | The reality is that they didn't want to hurt VW that much
               | because it is an important EU company. Same reason the US
               | fined the crap out of them -- but would have been lenient
               | on Ford in the same circumstances.
               | 
               | This is normal stuff. I was just responding to the idea
               | that the EU was "too soft" on US tech companies.
        
               | Narishma wrote:
               | Unless I'm missing something, this fine has nothing to do
               | with the GDPR but with Google's anti-competitive
               | behavior.
        
             | tmoravec wrote:
             | IIRC it was mainly about cheating in the US, no? The US
             | definitely gave VW huge fines. And jail time for an
             | executive.
             | 
             | Not that it's relevant to Google...
        
         | efsavage wrote:
         | I support the charging connector standardization, but not tool
         | batteries. There are so many factors in play I don't see how
         | standardization would offer enough benefit to offset innovation
         | penalties. Even within a given brand/connector, there are
         | variations on capabilities like size and duty cycle and power
         | output. I have a bunch of Milwaukee cordless tools on the M18
         | platform, and the smaller tools (e.g. drills) can use any
         | battery but some tools (e.g. chainsaw) only work with a subset
         | because of higher power draw.
         | 
         | I have cordless tools across a number of battery platforms and
         | while it's convenient when they can be shared, it's ultimately
         | not a big deal to have a few if another company makes a better
         | tool. Tradespeople won't lock themselves in if the right tool
         | is on a different platform.
        
           | rahimnathwani wrote:
           | "Tradespeople won't lock themselves in if the right tool is
           | on a different platform."
           | 
           | Right, but home users will. I have 5 Ryobi One+ batteries, so
           | there's no way I'll buy a battery-operated tool from a
           | different brand, even if the tool itself is better/cheaper
           | than the equivalent Ryobi product.
        
             | Normille wrote:
             | >Right, but home users will.
             | 
             | Agreed. I've got about half a dozen Makita cordless tools
             | taking the LXT battery. I'm pretty happy with the brand but
             | I do kind of feel like I'm trapped using whatever Makita
             | offers from now on.
             | 
             | The charger cost about PS70 and the 3 batteries I have were
             | a similar price, each. So, for me, changing brands for a
             | particular tool would mean an outlay of _' Price of Tool' +
             | 'Price of Charger' + Price of n Batteries'_ which just
             | isn't worth it, unless the rival company's tool was 2 or 3
             | times as good as the Makita offering.
             | 
             | I've sometimes thought that maybe Metabo, DeWalt or
             | Milwaukee's version of a certain tool I wanted was slightly
             | better than Makita's one. But, as I say, not twice or three
             | times as good, to justify that kind of outlay.
             | 
             | So, like quite a few people commenting here, I'm kind of
             | stuck with supporting the blue team now --even when they
             | occasionally get outplayed by their opponents.
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | Tradesperson.
             | 
             | There's a reason Milwaukee, Makita, DeWalt, AEG, and Bosch,
             | are wildly popular.
             | 
             | They're almost entirely indistinguishable. We also have
             | some Hilti branded cordless tools, also fine.
             | 
             | My personal preference for home use is something like Ryobi
             | One+ or Ozito PXC (less than half the price of the One+)
             | because I'm actually at work all day using power and
             | cordless tools supplied by work, I don't plan on taking my
             | home tools to three or four hundred commercial construction
             | sites or building 1000 houses with them.
             | 
             | Tool brand preference is, in my opinion, largely a sport-
             | like
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | The cordless power tools typically have the battery management
         | system in the _device_ , not in the battery. The battery tends
         | to contain protection circuitry, but no logic that determines
         | charge rate etc.
         | 
         | That means every device manufacturer will claim, even if the
         | law requires that devices must all have the same plug, that a
         | competitors device drew too much current, or charged their
         | battery too fast/too slow/at too a low a temperature, and thats
         | why performance sucks.
         | 
         | In reality, these technical problems could be solved - but
         | device manufacturers will make the small hurdle into a big one
         | when explaining why they can't all standardize.
        
           | beAbU wrote:
           | I'm not sure that I agree with this statement.
           | 
           | Many of the packs that I've seen the inside of has balancing
           | circuitry included.
           | 
           | Also worth considering these packs are charged separate from
           | the tool. So this means the tool cannot control the charge
           | rate etc.
           | 
           | Lastly, based on my luddite eyes, the difference between
           | makita, milwaukee, bosch, dewalt and ryobi batteries seem to
           | me to only be a different keying in the plastic mating parts.
           | This suspicion is amplified when you consider that some of
           | these brands are made by the same company.
        
             | Normille wrote:
             | >Lastly, based on my luddite eyes, the difference between
             | makita, milwaukee, bosch, dewalt and ryobi batteries seem
             | to me to only be a different keying in the plastic mating
             | parts
             | 
             | The fact that you can buy adaptors to allow one brand's
             | batteries to be used on another brand's tools would seem to
             | back up your theory. However, with the adaptors costing
             | around PS20 each and being produced by no-brand 'warranty
             | voiding' unofficial third parties you've never heard of, it
             | would be an expensive business if you wanted to be brand
             | agnostic in your power tool choices, as you'd need a heap
             | of adaptors to cover all the various combinations of tool &
             | battery. Added to which is the potential for a dodgy 3rd
             | party adaptor to damage tool or battery.
             | 
             | I'd like to see the EU designate a common battery interface
             | for all newly manufactured tools & batteries. That way we
             | could buy the best tool for the job each time, instead of
             | being locked into using whatever the Blue, Yellow, Red or
             | Green team are fielding in that area.
             | 
             | The manufacturers would doubtless also produce their own
             | adaptors to allow their existing tools & batteries to work
             | with this new 'One Interface to Rule Them All'
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | I much enjoyed my mobile phone with AA batteries. I had a
               | pocket full of charged ones but if they ran out every
               | corner store sold them. (They drained pretty quickly
               | eventho it had a led display but replacing them was as
               | fast as reloading a gun)
        
             | deelowe wrote:
             | Of the tools you listed, none are made by the same company.
             | At least for their primary products.
             | 
             | All of the large format packs have pins for each cell, so
             | charging with a standard balance charger is pretty easy.
             | You can find plenty of schematics for homemade controllers
             | online. Where they differ however, are the other pins. Some
             | use a communication protocol like SMBUS. Some have
             | dedicated pins for specific things like overcurrent or
             | temperature. It varies highly from manufacturer to
             | manufacturer.
             | 
             | AFAIK, all tool brands are moving to communication
             | protocols for the packs.
             | 
             | [EDIT] Someone mentioned adapters. I don't believe there
             | are adapters that support newer communicating packs (e.g.
             | the OEM chargers won't work with the adapter). Older packs
             | are all analog, so conversion is just a simple matter of
             | rerouting the pins.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | But in all honesty, that is their problem. They chose
               | this road and knew there were riches on it but also
               | risks.
        
               | deelowe wrote:
               | Who's problem exactly? The communicating packs are WAY
               | better. They last much longer than the old style. It
               | makes sense why this was done.
        
             | sorry_i_lisp wrote:
             | +1 that the plastic is the main difference are the
             | "everything to Ryobi"-plastic adadpters you can buy. I use
             | Makita battery->Ryobi tool and it works great.
        
               | NikolaNovak wrote:
               | Ryobi are actually the first batteries that I genuinely
               | dislike; I have 8 year old Black & Decker drill whose
               | battery still works great. Similar experience with some
               | other manufacturers. But we went all-in on Ryobi at Home
               | Depot a few years ago, and we now have to buy 2-4 new
               | batteries a year. Then after 12-18 months, the battery
               | shows as defective on its charger.... brutal.
               | 
               | (probably less-than-average usage patterns as we are lazy
               | house owners; stored inside, not abused)
        
               | Normille wrote:
               | That pretty much echoes the reputation Ryobi tools have.
               | ie. the tools themselves are really good but the
               | batteries don't last.
        
         | fatboy wrote:
         | I think that's a bit trickier. If Makita or whoever was forced
         | to change their batteries, anyone with a big catalogue of their
         | tools would be pretty miffed.
         | 
         | Also, I've mentioned this on hn before, there is already the
         | Cordless Alliance, which does exactly this.
         | 
         | Sadly, there's only a couple of useful-in-a-mainstream-sense
         | brands in there: Mafell and Metabo. The rest are very niche.
        
           | TheRealPomax wrote:
           | Why? It's not like manufacturers haven't switched all their
           | batteries themselves before? If all of them are forced to
           | have the same batteries, that's no different from makita or
           | dewalt or bosch going "we're switching to a new 24V battery
           | system, and your old tools won't take them. deal with it".
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | I would be wary of this "cordless alliance", the dynamics are
           | closer to that of a kingdom than an alliance... it's
           | basically lots of small(er) german tool manufacturers using
           | Metabo batteries instead of developing their own. Which is
           | great, but not really the same thing as an alliance of equals
           | agreeing to align existing systems
        
             | fatboy wrote:
             | That's not really so surprising though. Any brand that
             | already has a system would be penalising existing customers
             | by changing, we're not talking usb cables here.
             | 
             | Good on Metabo for doing it, and good on Mafell for signing
             | up to use them. The smaller brands it's a no-brainer I
             | guess.
        
           | 6510 wrote:
           | I just sold some tools for 5 euro each. They need new
           | batteries but company is gone. Makita can just continue to
           | sell their old batteries while their new tools use a
           | standardized form factor. They could also make an old type
           | battery with replaceable cells.
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | As somebody who has a couple of Makita tools and batteries,
             | it would be really bad if they were hypothetically forced
             | to change. Specifically because not being able to get new
             | tools that use my existing 18V batteries would mean buying
             | a whole set of new batteries, and then it's so annoying
             | keeping two kinds of batteries that when the old ones wear
             | out, I'd probably instead buy new tools for the new ones.
             | So the old tools potentially become e-waste far sooner than
             | they would be (the old batteries wouldn't be available
             | forever) as well as the waste of resources for the
             | premature replacement of all the tools and batteries...
        
               | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
               | Perhaps not an entirely ideal solution for all scenario,
               | adaptors are available for any of the big brands.
               | 
               | Perhaps part of a battery standardisation push could
               | include making these available at a reasonable price.
        
             | fatboy wrote:
             | I have five or six Makita 18v batteries and a load of their
             | tools. If they only make new tools with the new battery
             | they are potentially making me quite miffed. If I want the
             | new tool I need also the new batteries and charger. Also
             | I'd need multiple batteries because you can't really only
             | have one.
             | 
             | Personally I'd be happy for that situation because of the
             | big upside, but I can see why a company would not want it.
             | 
             | Plus, the most logical thing to do is not make a new
             | standard, but pick an existing one. But who gets to be the
             | golden brand whose battery system remains unchanged?
             | 
             | I would love it to happen but I can't see it happening for
             | a while.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | > But who gets to be the golden brand whose battery
               | system remains unchanged?
               | 
               | The first one to make all relevant patents & designs
               | available royalty-free.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | There is probably some sensible time frame to adopt a new
               | battery.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | It's not clear to me what the EU, specifically, wants Google to
       | do here from the article. Any insight?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | For example, not require that Chrome be preinstalled as the
         | default browser on Android devices, and not require that a
         | bundle of Google apps be preinstalled if any of them is
         | preinstalled.
        
           | wara23arish wrote:
           | there is no way to delete safari from iphones
        
             | mqus wrote:
             | I would think the same and can only assume that apple is
             | not as much of a monopoly as google/android in the EU. I
             | think Vestager &co also wanted to have a solid case (as
             | evidenced in the appeal losses right now) and the apple one
             | was more difficult to establish? I don't know.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | Apple's lawsuits are different
             | 
             | https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/25/22996248/apple-
             | sideloadin...
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | That's Apple's choice as the manufacturer of the device,
             | while Google enforces conditions on Android device
             | manufacturers. Apple would have the same problem if they
             | would allow other companies to build iOS devices but force
             | Safari to be the preinstalled as the default browser AND
             | derive ad income from the use of Safari.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Microsoft chose to have desktop browser integration as
               | the manufacturer of Windows. That didn't protect them
               | from fines.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | That's not the same situation, Microsoft didn't
               | manufacture the PCs.
        
             | mhermher wrote:
             | This news is about Android.
        
             | hellisothers wrote:
             | I know it's a nuance but Apple doesn't license its OS to
             | other manufacturers. So while Google dictates "if you use
             | the Android OS you must bundle Chrome", Apple isn't
             | dictating terms like that to another manufacturer.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Technically Google isn't really making anyone use Play
               | Store, either. They're free to use AOSP and bundle their
               | own set of apps, no?
               | 
               | In fact, I'd argue these rules the EU enforces are
               | counter productive. Manufacturers should fork android and
               | band together and create their own App Store. Google will
               | either cede their position or we'll have a viable,
               | growing third ecosystem.
        
               | the_duke wrote:
               | The Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act will
               | change a lot of things for both Apple and Google.
        
               | mhermher wrote:
               | This is what the entire ruling is about. They are _not_
               | free to do so if they _also_ sell with Google Play
               | Services. It 's the root of the entire issue is that the
               | above requirement is in the agreements that Google has
               | with manufacturers. The EU is striking down this type of
               | agreement such that manufacturers will _actually_ have
               | that freedom.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | That's absolutely not what the ruling wants.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | Is this not already possible with things like LineageOS?
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | It's for example not possible for Android device
             | manufacturers to ship a phone with Google PlayStore
             | installed but not also have Chrome be preinstalled as the
             | default browser.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | It's about the contractual obligations Google forced on
             | makers. What the user does with the device after purchase
             | is out of the scope of this ruling.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | No, what I mean is that manufacturers don't have to
               | include the play store if they don't like Google's
               | requirements around using it?
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | Google forced them to take the Play Store and search
               | widget (including default search engine) as a condition
               | to get Play Services.
               | 
               | Play Services is required by a majority of android apps
               | and developping and maintening a compatible system layer
               | is just out of reach of most(all?) device makers.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Yes, but my point is - can't they they just not use the
               | play store at all like lineageos?
               | 
               | Ultimately Google will always have control over android
               | if what you're saying is true unless an alternative
               | ecosystem is created
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | > can't they they just not use the play store at all like
               | lineageos?
               | 
               | This changes nothing about if google's behavior was
               | illegally tying two products together.
               | 
               | You are bringing up a non-sequitor that does not change
               | the law.
        
             | MrStonedOne wrote:
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | Its an issue with bundling. If a phone manufacturer wants
             | to ship an Android phone _with Google Play Store_ (and they
             | all do), then they must also include a bunch of other
             | Google stuff. The EU wants Google to license the Play Store
             | but not force the inclusion of all their other apps.
             | 
             | So yes, a manufacturer could ship a phone with a de-Googled
             | LineageOS. But they cannot today ship a phone with Play
             | Store, but without Chrome, etc.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Interesting - thanks for the info.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | Pay a fine, first of all :-)
         | 
         | Wikipedia has more:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitrust_cases_against_Google...
         | 
         | > In October 2018 Google revamped how it would distribute its
         | Google Play Store with Android in the future: Charging a
         | licensing fee for the store, without requiring installation of
         | Google apps, but making it free to pre-install the Google apps
         | if they want.
         | 
         | > Furthermore, Google's hardware partners will be allowed to
         | market devices in the EU that run rival versions of Android or
         | other operating systems.
         | 
         | > In March 2019 Google announced that it will give European
         | users of Android phones an option of which browser and search
         | engine they want on their phone at the time of purchase to
         | further comply with the EU's decision.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | The original ruling:
         | 
         | https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/18/17580694/google-android-e...
         | 
         | Basically dirty stuff we all knew Google was doing, but kept
         | getting away with until then
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | It looks like it's about forcing manufacturers to ship with
         | chrome and the google search widget, so like the old Microsoft
         | forcing IE upon everyone case.
        
       | gniv wrote:
       | It's interesting how the two continents are keeping each other in
       | check when it comes to major abuses. The EU fining big US tech
       | and the US fining VW are the prominent examples. In each case the
       | home country has big incentives to keep the status quo fully
       | aware that it's bad for consumers.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
         | I can't help but roll my eyes at the hypocrisy of the EU. One
         | prime example is French websites forcing you to pay 3 euros
         | when you refuse cookies.
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | Google's reaction.
       | 
       | > We are disappointed that the Court did not annul the decision
       | in full. Android has created more choice for everyone, not less,
       | and supports thousands of successful businesses in Europe and
       | around the world.
       | 
       | s/Android/Windows/ and s/Europe/USA/ and it could be Microsoft at
       | the end of the antitrust case in the 90s.
        
         | josefx wrote:
         | > Android has created more choice for everyone
         | 
         | Same way IE did back when Microsoft provided it for "free".
        
       | BenjiWiebe wrote:
       | Apparently the court system still uses 32 bits.
       | 
       | (~4B is the 32bit integer limit...)
        
       | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
       | If the page fails to scroll on your screen, just disable JS (one
       | click in uBlock Origin).
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
       | Yet, still pocket change.
       | 
       | It is commendable that EU does not allow miscreants to tie up
       | fines in an endless legal maze.
        
         | dahfizz wrote:
         | What % of global revenue or profit do you think an appropriate
         | fine is?
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | That is for courts, but it should be enough to produce
           | correct behavior by eliminating incentive to violate. If the
           | fine is too small, it becomes operating expense, as is usual
           | in the US.
           | 
           | Probably any fine should accompany (but not depend on results
           | from) criminal charges for a company officer.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | So you believe Google made more than $4B with their Android
             | licensing practices in the EU?
             | 
             | I think that is unlikely, and I think it is likely we will
             | see Google change the illegal licensing.
             | 
             | I am more than happy to see a Google exec get charged for a
             | crime if you can prove beyond a reasonable doubt that they
             | committed that crime.
        
               | mqus wrote:
               | > I think that is unlikely, and I think it is likely we
               | will see Google change the illegal licensing.
               | 
               | According to another comment, they even already changed
               | their practices in response, a few years ago
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | If it takes a $4B fine to get Google to behave, then a
               | $4B fine is the right amount, regardless of revenue.
               | Revenue hints at the fine that would get their attention.
               | 
               | We charge people with a crime to see if their part in it
               | can be proved. Second-guessing the court produces often
               | bad results.
        
       | caldarons wrote:
       | While I am in favour of efforts like the GDPR to protect users
       | data, I wonder if all this anti-bigtech sentiment is actually
       | justified and where it will eventually lead to
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | It is a long time coming and still a long way to go and the
         | surveillance big tech giants should pay a high price for
         | abusing and violating the privacy of hundreds of millions of
         | users.
         | 
         | It's a shame that this fine is too generous to Google and it
         | won't scare them. It should be much larger than that and should
         | be in the multi-billions of dollars.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | What? Did GPT3 write the parent comment? This is a multi-
           | billion dollar fine, a $4.1B fine.
        
             | rvz wrote:
             | > What? Did GPT3 write the parent comment?
             | 
             | No. Why do you think that is?
             | 
             | > This is a multi-billion dollar fine, a $4.1B fine.
             | 
             | As it should be the standard and nothing less than that.
             | Even so, this one is a 'generous' multi-billion dollar fine
             | that won't scare them.
             | 
             | I am saying it needs to be much higher than that. GPT-3
             | cannot explain itself or its own comments, can it?
        
               | metadat wrote:
               | Losing 5% of Google's annual profits will absolutely
               | scare the shit out of them.
               | 
               | Consider how much this harms their ability to keep
               | reinvesting the profits into growing the business. A 5%
               | loss is likely sufficient to get them to stop for a
               | moment and rethink their strategy so the punishment won't
               | recur.
               | 
               | > No. Why do you think that is?
               | 
               | Because you lament the lack of a multi-billion dollar
               | fine when the title states that it's a $4B fine. This
               | comes off as nonsensical and disconnected from reality,
               | in a way that triggered "-\\_(tsu)_/-, maybe it's GPT3".
               | 
               | With that said, I meant it as a joke, not a serious
               | accusation. The likely explanation here is this comes
               | down to the common case of human confusion.
               | 
               | As a tangential aside:
               | 
               | I can only conclude that due to the curse of knowledge,
               | we collectively are overly paranoid about bot commenters
               | on HN. I was just accused of being a bot just two or
               | three days ago.
               | 
               | Cheers and take care.
        
               | rvz wrote:
               | > Losing 5% of Google's annual profits will absolutely
               | scare the shit out of them.
               | 
               | No it won't. We all know that this won't be the last of
               | such violations from these big tech companies like Google
               | which the EU is disputing and especially when Facebook
               | paid a similar fine to the FTC years ago and is once
               | again still violating the privacy of its users. So it is
               | clear that they still wouldn't change even if the fine is
               | as high as that.
               | 
               | The fact is, they are not scared of these fines. Setting
               | them in the multi-billion dollars should be the standard
               | and the minimum and continuous violations warrant a much
               | higher significant fine than this generous discounted
               | fine which Google knows it can easily afford to do it
               | again.
               | 
               | For them, the violations is worth it and pays more than
               | these so-called generous 'fines'.
               | 
               | > Because you lament the lack of a multi-billion dollar
               | fine when the title states that it's a $4B fine. This
               | comes off as nonsensical and disconnected from reality,
               | in a way that triggered "-\\_(tsu)_/-, maybe it's GPT3".
               | 
               | Except I already said that _' this'_ fine _" needs to be
               | much larger"_ and disagreed with the EU's 'generous'
               | fine. I'm talking fines of over $10B dollars, which that
               | still qualifies as _' multi-billions of dollars'_ and _'
               | much larger'_ than the EU's small fine. I made myself
               | perfectly clear on my whole point.
               | 
               | So my comment is hardly 'GPT-3 bot' generated.
        
               | metadat wrote:
               | Sigh, it's never enough for some people.
               | 
               | If the amount of the fine would deal a fatal or nearly
               | fatal blow to the company, they'll simply exit the market
               | and not pay. It's a balancing act.
               | 
               | I'm grateful for the EU setting a good example in this
               | case: a fine which the perp feels is painful, without
               | killing them. This is one proven path to rehabilitation.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | If you're in favor of efforts like the GDPR, why do you call
         | this anti-bigtech sentiment? It's pro-privacy sentiment.
         | 
         | The GDPR applies to smalltech, too, and smalltech gets fined.
         | For example, an _individual_ got fined EUR600 about two months
         | ago for pointing a video camera at a shared access road
         | (https://www.enforcementtracker.com/ETid-1397)
         | 
         | You can find many more examples of small fines at
         | https://www.enforcementtracker.com/.
        
         | athenot wrote:
         | With a small fine, it's just an annoying cost of doing
         | business. With this ruling, there's a possibility it may
         | actually change the risk/benefit assessment for companies that
         | insist on doing whatever they want with user data.
         | 
         | Maybe the lines of business which require promiscuous data
         | sharing in order to be profitable will stop operating in the
         | EU, and give rise to other business models. Whether these newer
         | ones will be better or worse is not yet known, though the
         | gamble in the EU is that it won't be worse.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | ... wasn't the case about Android app bundling, not user
           | data?
        
         | ActorNightly wrote:
         | >GDPR to protect users data
         | 
         | GDPR was never about users data from the start. This is all
         | political theater to garner popular support from mostly
         | clueless voters who have no idea what their data even looks
         | like.
        
         | xani_ wrote:
         | Breaking the law that applies to is not a sentiment. The same
         | law punished small companies too
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | GDPR has been pro-big tech according to all the studies i have
         | seen
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | Studies such as?
        
             | seydor wrote:
             | https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/gdpr-effect-how-data-
             | privacy-...
        
         | jlokier wrote:
         | The EU appeal the article is about has nothing at all to do
         | with GDPR, user data, or privacy.
         | 
         | It's about anticompetitive behaviour, i.e. antitrust. Antitrust
         | is not particularly about tech companies, and it has been
         | around a long time, since before modern computers.
         | 
         | It's about misusing a position of market dominance to prevent a
         | healthy competitive market from operating. Very large companies
         | which are market-dominant face this problem, but they also have
         | the resources to understand and handle the responsibility. They
         | can either do so, or face fines and injunctions to make them do
         | so. In severe cases they can be forced to break up dominant
         | business units, such as happened with the breakup of AT&T in
         | the USA some years ago.
         | 
         | This is the same sort of thing as might have blocked nVidia
         | from buying ARM, for example (until nVidia pulled out
         | voluntarily). You can see how that has nothing to do with GDPR;
         | it wasn't even in the EU.
        
         | zmgsabst wrote:
         | I expect some kind of:
         | 
         | - common carrier status for "platforms"
         | 
         | - PII laws, broadly
        
           | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
           | For your first point, that's more or less what the Digital
           | Market Act is and it was adopted in July. They call
           | "platforms" "gatekeepers" but you got the idea of it. It
           | should become enforceable by Q3 2023.
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | Hopefully it can actually entice Google into changing it's
         | behavior. The US fines are so small they are a joke, a light
         | tax on doing business.
        
       | saurik wrote:
       | Previously discussed at:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32835000
        
       | Fiahil wrote:
       | Maybe a boring question, but where do the money goes ?
       | 
       | Can they use that to finance grants or RFPs for other projects ?
        
       | robomartin wrote:
       | Does the money in these cases go to government? Not sure how it
       | is in the EU.
       | 
       | This is one of the aspects of government-based fines I dislike.
       | The money should go to the people, the victims, not government.
       | They go after a company that may have damaged consumers and then
       | proceed to grab the fine instead of giving it to the people who
       | were the actual victims of the transgression.
        
         | wickedsickeune wrote:
         | The money of this fine is not to repair damages to individuals,
         | it's to disincentivize behaviour. Plus if it's used for
         | expenses of the EU, it indirectly goes to the people, as they
         | will have to contribute less taxes.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | It's simply not practical to determine with certainty who owned
         | an Android phone during the time that Google violated the
         | antitrust laws, and divide the payout among them.
        
           | genewitch wrote:
           | I get class action checks from a single online grocery order
           | i made in 2010. I'm getting a class action check for a used
           | vehicle i bought in my state where my state isn't involved in
           | the class, but the vehicle was originally sold in a class
           | state.
           | 
           | i'm pretty sure the panopticon that is google can determine
           | who had an android phone, ever.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | The money will go into the EU budget, which for the most part
         | benefits EU citizens. And everyone will benefit from Google
         | having to change (or already having changed) their agreements
         | with device manufacturers.
         | 
         | It's like when you pay a parking fine, the money doesn't go to
         | the specific people inconvenienced or endangered by your wrong
         | parking, it goes into the municipal budget.
        
       | mritun wrote:
       | Extremely interesting point in this ruling that I have never seen
       | before and I guarantee is sending shockwaves to the boardrooms is
       | the definition of market. In this ruling EU chose to define the
       | market as " _Android_ phone manufacturers all over the world
       | _except China_ ".
       | 
       | Of course that definition is very peculiar. I was doubtful that
       | it would stick but apparently it did.
       | 
       | This is fascinating that a regulator can define market as "users
       | of YOUR_PRODUCT excluding all competitors you thought AND across
       | the world EXCEPT the very place where everything is made".
       | 
       | Now that it has stuck, it would change the dynamics of business.
       | It started with tech but its going to trickle down :)
        
         | ThatPlayer wrote:
         | The market they're interested in is the EU. So "all over the
         | world except China" includes the EU. Defining the market as the
         | region the governing authority has power over is nothing new:
         | The FTC rules on the US market, the European Commission rules
         | on the EU market.
        
       | dalbasal wrote:
       | I'm kind of bummed that FOSS licencing isn't one of the teeth
       | here. The anticompetitive aspects here are based in overly
       | restrictive distributor contracts. The fact that android and
       | chrome are so full of FOSS, yet Google does what it does...
        
       | drexlspivey wrote:
       | That's 1.45% of their annual revenue or 5.2% of their annual net
       | profit.
        
         | p-e-w wrote:
         | Which is essentially nothing. Imagine an individual, caught
         | committing an illegal act of this magnitude _for the third
         | time_ , being fined 1.45% of their annual pre-tax salary, with
         | no other consequences.
         | 
         | Speeding tickets are costlier than this in many jurisdictions.
        
           | BiteCode_dev wrote:
           | If you were earning minimal wage in France, that would be
           | about $1500 of fine for the equivalent of being caught
           | commiting burglary for the 3rd time.
           | 
           | Quite lucrative.
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | Factor in marginal utility of income, and it's even more
             | lame. $1,500 means a lot more to someone making minimum
             | wage than $4,000,000,000 does to Google.
        
           | colinmhayes wrote:
           | I don't care how much money you have or make. $4 billion can
           | buy an enormous amount of stuff, it is in no way essentially
           | nothing.
        
           | tester756 wrote:
           | >Which is essentially nothing.
           | 
           | Holy shit.
           | 
           | Is it some sign of being on HN too much?
           | 
           | Sure, 1.45% is small, because % is shitty at representing the
           | real value at this point
           | 
           | at the end of the day it's fucking $4 000 000 000
           | 
           | It's year salary of 2200 well paid engineers
           | 
           | That's industry-changing level of possibilities
        
             | Fiahil wrote:
             | closer to 8000 engineers, if you want to spend 500k/eng in
             | salary alone (pre tax)
        
             | rvz wrote:
             | Google makes twice more than Facebook in their annual
             | profits and still Facebook can afford to pay the FTC's
             | record fine and still continues with collecting more PII
             | and violating the privacy of their users. $4B is
             | essentially nothing and instead it should be the minimum
             | fine for these companies.
             | 
             | Repeated violations from them should be in the significant
             | multi-billions, much higher than this generous discount of
             | a fine that the EU is asking for. This proves that they
             | will do it again and won't change until the fines get
             | higher than $10B.
        
             | bush-bby wrote:
             | 1.8 mil is "well-payed"...?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tester756 wrote:
               | ops, I've taken annual salary as monthly :D
               | 
               | I wanted to have 150k per person, thus "well-paid".
               | 
               | This way it is even more ridiculous since
               | 
               | 4 000 000 000 / 150 000 = 26 666 engineers!
               | 
               | but, 1.8 mil is definitely well paid!
        
         | 988747 wrote:
         | Yes, but it's also a threat of further fines in future if they
         | don't stop their shenanigans.
        
       | sizzle wrote:
       | I really respect the EU for having the guts to hold corporations
       | accountable.
        
       | p-e-w wrote:
       | > This is Google's third EU antitrust fine. Previously, the
       | search giant was fined in a shopping case and an online
       | advertising case.
       | 
       | Apparently, "three strikes and you're out" only applies to
       | individuals, who with a repeat offense of this magnitude would
       | have their lives destroyed by the justice system, and get locked
       | away for a decade or more.
        
         | synu wrote:
         | Wow, what country has three fines and you go to jail for a
         | decade? That sounds intense.
        
           | foepys wrote:
           | RICO laws in the United States work that way.
           | 
           | > Under RICO, a person who has committed "at least two acts
           | of racketeering activity" drawn from a list of 35 crimes (27
           | federal crimes and eight state crimes) within a 10-year
           | period can be charged with racketeering if such acts are
           | related in one of four specified ways to an "enterprise."
           | Those found guilty of racketeering can be fined up to $25,000
           | and sentenced to 20 years in prison per racketeering count.
           | In addition, the racketeer must forfeit all ill-gotten gains
           | and interest in any business gained through a pattern of
           | "racketeering activity."
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corru.
           | ..
           | 
           | The Wikipedia article also lists a few famous cases.
        
           | dahfizz wrote:
           | In some places in the US, if you commit a felony 3 times, you
           | go to jail for life. Usually it has to be a violent felony,
           | but every state is different.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-strikes_law
        
         | dahfizz wrote:
         | I don't believe Europe has three strike laws. Anyway, in the
         | US, three strike laws only apply to criminal charges and not
         | civil ones.
        
           | sgjohnson wrote:
           | > Anyway, in the US, three strike laws only apply to criminal
           | charges and not civil ones.
           | 
           | And not even to all criminal charges. Three strike laws
           | usually apply only to felonies.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | While the EU doesn't use a "three strikes" model, they do use
         | progressively higher fines and other consequences for repeat
         | offenses. If Google had ignored the 2017 Google Shopping order,
         | for example, they would have lost a repeat investigation
         | relatively quickly and there would have been very large fines.
         | But instead, they changed how the product works, in a way that
         | looks like they're responding to the decision and trying to
         | follow it.
         | 
         | In a company with as many independent lines of business as
         | Google has it's possible to have multiple instances of anti-
         | trust enforcement that don't look like "we already fined you
         | but you're continuing with the prohibited behavior", and the
         | Android, Ads, and Shopping cases do all look really different.
         | Plus they're covering overlapping time periods, which limits
         | how much the regulator can say "you should have listened to us
         | before".
         | 
         | (Disclosure: I used to work at Google)
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | The 3 strikes law is a US thing.
        
           | Normille wrote:
           | One of the few areas where I think the US has got it right.
           | No-one should need more than 3 chances to stop being a dick.
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | This law results in people landing in jail for being poor:
             | https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/cruel-
             | an...
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | This law results in people landing in jail for being
               | habitual criminals. Being poor does not excuse criminal
               | behavior.
        
               | johnday wrote:
               | On the other hand, it appears that being rich _does_
               | excuse criminal behavior - that is, if you hire a lot of
               | people and get them to work in an office, and they commit
               | crimes, the company gets fined and you don 't go to
               | prison (almost always).
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | If you hire a lot of people and then steal their wages
               | you don't go to prison either. You can be proven to be a
               | murderer (OJ Simpson) or a child rapist (DuPont,
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2019/06/14/how-a-
               | du-po...) and you won't get punished if you're wealthy
               | enough. If you are poor, you'll get life sentence for
               | stealing socks. It's not a bug in US judiciary system,
               | it's how the system was designed.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | We really need the equivalent of jail time for companies.
         | Clearly after a certain size, fines do not cut it. Jailing
         | executives is too hard, so laws should exist that remove the
         | company from a market for x years or something, like if they
         | were in a cell.
        
           | guitarbill wrote:
           | > Jailing executives is too hard
           | 
           | Do you mean "too difficult" or "too bigger punishment"?
           | Either way, I disagree. If they reap the reward of huge
           | salaries, they ought to take some of the risks.
        
             | ocdtrekkie wrote:
             | Yup. And if you put Sundar Pichai and Mark Zuckerberg in
             | jail for a year or two, watch the tech industry whip itself
             | into shape in weeks. Hold people actually responsible for
             | the damage they do and you'll see real change.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I doubt that giving the power to overseas nations to
               | criminalise and incarcerate US citizens has no downsides.
        
               | cyphar wrote:
               | Believe it or not, committing a crime in a foreign
               | country as a US citizen will result in you being
               | incarcerated in said country regardless of your
               | citizenship status.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | Most crimes committed by US citizens in foreign countries
               | are in the context of their military service: War crimes.
               | And instead of being incarcerated for those, they just
               | complete their tour of duty and go home. With any luck
               | there's some public outcry about their crimes, but often
               | not even that. The US is also not party to the Rome
               | statute (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome_Statute), and
               | has even threatened to personally target International
               | Criminal Court employees if they try to prosecute US
               | citizens.
               | 
               | ... but I suppose you're right about more mundane, non-
               | government-sanctioned crimes.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I do believe it. But that's not relevant, because OP is
               | talking about an additional power.
        
               | cyphar wrote:
               | In that case the argument should be about whether or not
               | it should be a criminal offense _at all_ (meaning whether
               | European CEOs should be jailed in the case of malicious
               | actions against their users). The fact it would
               | theoretically extend to people in the US (good luck
               | extraditing them) is IMHO not really an important thing
               | to consider.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Well, that was the example this thread was talking about.
               | You could change the topic and make what we were talking
               | about unimportant, but that seems a bit churlish to
               | phrase it that way : - )
        
               | ocdtrekkie wrote:
               | Both individuals have committed crimes (perjury, for
               | starters) here in the United States as well. We can jail
               | them here!
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | They can certainly be jailed for crimes, yes.
        
               | registeredcorn wrote:
               | I understand what you mean, but keep in mind that many
               | nations do have extradition treaties with one another.
        
               | markdestouches wrote:
               | You are already eligible for punishment for crimes
               | committed in foreign countries. I don't see how this
               | makes things any different.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | Some crimes, yes. If it doesn't make things different,
               | then there's nothing to change. If it does change things,
               | then that's because the US would be allowing it for non-
               | crimes.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | Proving guilt is difficult. Execs can and do go to jail
             | when it can be proved they personally did something
             | illegal.
             | 
             | Guilt by association is not acceptable in a first world
             | country. You don't go to jail if your brother commits a
             | crime, you shouldn't go to jail if your company commits a
             | crime. You only go to jail if _you_ commit a crime.
        
               | tomxor wrote:
               | > Guilt by association is not acceptable in a first world
               | country. You don't go to jail if your brother commits a
               | crime
               | 
               | Staw man. The only way that is comparable is if you
               | oversaw your brothers career and received part of his
               | income... if he then committed a crime (from which you
               | benefited), then yes, you could be held part accountable.
               | 
               | Execs are not merely "associated", they are responsible
               | and receive excessive compensation directly derived from
               | the actions of the organisation they oversee. If a
               | corporate crime is committed on their watch they could be
               | held accountable, if not through direct involvement,
               | through negligence - allowing it to take place by not
               | exerting enough oversight or management... to say
               | otherwise would be similar to allowing people to drive
               | cars negligently killing people without consequence, the
               | analogy is not exact, since the car (the organisation) is
               | not purely mechanical and has some degree of autonomy
               | which is where these matters are not cut and dry, and
               | those would be the finer points of a case exploring
               | whether an individual subverted reasonable oversight or
               | not - in the inexact analogy you could say, whether one
               | of the wheels decided to ignore instructions, or whether
               | the driver (exec) wasn't event bothering to steer.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | Too difficult: you need to prove they knew and took a
             | series of actions to get there, but it's very hard to do,
             | and they usually have fall guys all the way to protect
             | themselves. It's also easier than ever to destroy evidence.
             | 
             | The cost of going after those companies is ridiculous
             | already, once they are proven guilty, it would be simpler
             | if we could punish the company as a person, than to find a
             | real person to punish. After all, companies are very happy
             | to be persons for other legal purposes.
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | > Too difficult: you need to prove they knew and took a
               | series of actions to get there, but it's very hard to do,
               | and they usually have fall guys all the way to protect
               | themselves. It's also easier than ever to destroy
               | evidence.
               | 
               | Make it illegal not to have a "custody trace" of how a
               | decision came to be. Even if the CEO came up with it in
               | the shower, for the thing to be implemented, it has to
               | come across a lot of individuals. Make them having to
               | keep all of that data around, and required to disclose
               | how something came to be in case it's revealed as
               | unlawful.
        
               | feanaro wrote:
               | Yeah, that surely wouldn't grind everything to a halt and
               | effectively make the existence of non-megacorporations
               | impossible.
               | 
               | No, what should instead be done is prevent the existence
               | of these megacorporations which have disproportionate
               | influence on humanity in the first place. Prevent them to
               | form and chop up the existing ones aggressively into
               | smaller ones.
        
               | lioeters wrote:
               | I've long suspected that these "megacorporations" are
               | nurtured for national security reasons, to consolidate
               | and project power. The disproportionate influence is by
               | design, a feature not a flaw. Especially since those who
               | make the rules are owned by such powers themselves,
               | including those responsible for intelligence (corporate
               | spying, undermining workers unions) and regulation (not
               | preventing Metalphabetamazons from dominating a wide
               | range of industries).
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | This has at times been explicit policy. It's a big part
               | of how Japan (re-)joined the developed world so fast
               | after WWII--they gave a few megacorporations a captive
               | home market to keep them healthy & safe, used incentives
               | to get them to pool R&D money and share the output, then
               | set them loose on foreign markets.
        
               | skywal_l wrote:
               | Maybe but when you are CEO, the fact of "not knowing"
               | should not protect you from consequences. If not jail, at
               | least being banned from being a corporate officer in any
               | capacity and relinquish your stocks/benefits/whatever so
               | at least you remove the profit motive of fraud.
        
           | registeredcorn wrote:
           | Pretty much what I was thinking too! If your company has
           | violated the law previously in the same or similar manner,
           | you should not be permitted to sell to customers in that
           | market for the equivalent amount of time an individual would
           | be jailed for. I am not opposed to the concept of treating a
           | corporation as a legal entity, but I think that if a
           | corporation is going to be considered a legal entity, they
           | should inherit the same legal consequences a human would
           | incur, if they break the law.
           | 
           | Realistically speaking, I don't see many politicians
           | supporting this kind of change. I'm not even thinking of the
           | issues around corruption, but merely the knowledge that
           | hurting that company would in turn, also impact their own
           | economy in the process.
           | 
           | Imagine if no business of a nation were searchable in Google
           | for a 4 year period. It would be devastating.
           | 
           | Similarly, there are a lot of physical consequences to
           | consider as well. If you lock out a company like Apple or
           | Coke from operating in a country, suddenly there are a lot of
           | related issues.
           | 
           | If Apple could not operate in a specific nation for a set
           | amount of time, suddenly any stores they have would
           | presumably be closed. This would impact customers ability to
           | get their devices repaired. I would also have to assume that
           | all employees at each of those locations would be fired,
           | leaving a sudden glut of unemployment, impacting people who
           | had nothing to do with the situation.
           | 
           | If Coke were to be banned for some set amount of time, it
           | would make a lot of weird cases around things like Vending
           | Machines and Grocery stores. The _company_ might not be
           | marketing or selling their products to distributors, but
           | those distributors might still be selling that product. Once
           | their stock ran out, if they were to attempt to purchase more
           | from the company in a nearby country, who would be at fault?
           | Coke, or the distributor?
           | 
           | I imagine it would create a ton of issues with other things,
           | like agreements to pay X amount of money over time. Stock
           | trading would be another big one, not just in individual
           | stocks, but in mutual funds and ETFs that might be heavily
           | invested in that company. In one sense, it might make
           | investors and day traders more weary and discerning from who
           | they decide to trade with, but trying to figure out which
           | company is breaking which laws, and how likely they are to
           | get caught doing it, is practically impossible to determine,
           | without inside knowledge on the matter.
        
           | darkwater wrote:
           | But this would hit on workers who might be really
           | innocent/unaware, depending on their roles. If you go this
           | way, then just jail current/past executives, it would be more
           | fair.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | On the short run, yes. But on the long run, that would be
             | more effective. Once the customers and workers have been
             | burned once, they will be very hesitant to give their trust
             | to the company again.
             | 
             | Companies would then have to get their things in order
             | quickly, and win back the trust. A very effective
             | deterrent.
             | 
             | Imagine Google being out of the EU market for 3 months. How
             | many youtubers would try and publish their videos on other
             | plateforms? That would open competitions. People would boo
             | google everytime they suck because they would fear for
             | themself.
             | 
             | It would create pain right now, but a sane pressure that
             | would force companies to stop playing with fire because
             | they know they can't get a bad burn.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | Google exiting the market for 3 months would have
               | enormous economic impact, in a bad way. They're too
               | integrated into the economy to "just" close them out of
               | the economy for 3 months.
               | 
               | The world could tolerate YouTube being gone for a while.
               | 
               | What about Android though? Is the entire world supposed
               | to replace their phone while Play Services are down, and
               | Android isn't getting security updates?
               | 
               | What about GCP? How many businesses are also going to be
               | shut down when GCP suddenly stops working? They might
               | migrate, but that's not something you can do overnight.
               | 
               | What about Gmail? Email communications would be shattered
               | for a while, since so many people will need a new email
               | provider and will have to distribute that out. God forbid
               | anyone forgot their password and can't reset it because
               | Gmail doesn't work.
               | 
               | What about G Suite? Do all these other businesses just
               | suddenly lose access to their documents? That would
               | royally screw a lot of businesses.
               | 
               | You can't "just" shut down Google without a whole host of
               | second-order effects.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > Google exiting the market for 3 months would have
               | enormous economic impact, in a bad way
               | 
               | so too big to fail. Like with banks, they should be
               | allowed to do anything with impunity and we should use
               | taxpayer money to bail them out when they fuck up?
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | I'm not saying they shouldn't be punished, I'm saying
               | that the specific punishment of suddenly shutting them
               | down is going to punish everyone.
               | 
               | E.g. we could simply seize all profits for 3 months, so
               | Google sees no profit but the world can keep spinning. We
               | could fine them a % of their cash holdings, if we wanted
               | to. We could force them to split off lines of business so
               | we don't have to worry about a catastrophic failure if we
               | do need to kill the whole business.
               | 
               | I just don't think suddenly shutting them down is the
               | right move. There are ways to punish them with far less
               | collateral damage.
        
               | BiteCode_dev wrote:
               | You put everything read only, and you give a 2 years
               | notice before applying the sentence.
               | 
               | What do you think inflation is ? Their externalities
               | being taxed on the population. Since we have to pay no
               | matter what, at least they should feel it too.
        
               | everforward wrote:
               | > You put everything read only, and you give a 2 years
               | notice before applying the sentence.
               | 
               | This is probably still a multi-billion dollar cost when
               | spread across the economy. There are going to be tens of
               | thousands of workers who now have to work on migrating
               | off Gmail/GCP/GSuite rather than doing anything actually
               | productive. A migration like that is usually a multi-year
               | effort, involving huge man-hour expenditures.
               | 
               | We could just set a fine equal to their profit for X
               | months and accomplish roughly the same thing without
               | upending half the businesses in the world.
               | 
               | > What do you think inflation is ? Their externalities
               | being taxed on the population. Since we have to pay no
               | matter what, at least they should feel it too.
               | 
               | Inflation is a decrease in the value of currency, and the
               | causes are not well-understood. Pinning it on Google is
               | pretty spurious. We had low inflation through years of
               | Google doing shady things. I can't ascribe a cause to
               | inflation, but I can pretty confidently say that Google
               | doing shady things isn't the major cause.
        
           | samwillis wrote:
           | Rather than fine the company, fine the shareholders of public
           | companies. If they can't afford their share of the fine, then
           | they have to sell their shares to pay it.
           | 
           | That would immediately force them to comply.
           | 
           | Edit: Although looking at that and this fine, if you own
           | $1000 of google shares, you would owe $3...
        
             | adament wrote:
             | But this is exactly what happens when you fine a company.
             | 
             | Unless you fine the company enough for it to go into
             | bankruptcy in which case the shareholders are protected by
             | limited liability and the creditors take the hit instead.
             | But the bankruptcy angle is completely irrelevant to this
             | case, none of the fines considered are close yo bankrupting
             | Google.
        
             | registeredcorn wrote:
             | I have investments in a lot of different companies. I have
             | no idea if any of them are breaking the law. I have to
             | assume that they aren't, because they have not been charged
             | or convicted of any crimes previously. I have done as much
             | due diligence as I can to assume that their company is
             | financially solvent and stable. If they have lied to me
             | about any of those things, I have no way of knowing until
             | after the fact. Leaving my money in a savings account is
             | not an option, because the interest rates are taxed, and
             | don't even cover the cost of inflation, let alone give me
             | any sort of growth for retirement. That means not only
             | would I not preparing for my future, I would actively be
             | _losing_ money by not investing.
             | 
             | If a country violates international sanctions, should I be
             | sent to The Hauge because I have bonds tied to the bridges
             | and roads being built by that government?
             | 
             | To put it another way: If a restaurant is shut down for
             | health code violations found in the kitchen, should the
             | valet be lectured about proper food preparation?
        
             | madsbuch wrote:
             | This is an absurd idea.
             | 
             | That would be a complete detriment to one of the greatest
             | innovations in financing: Seperation of capital and
             | responsibility. When you buy a stock you know you can not
             | loose more than the stocks value, so you dare to invest.
             | 
             | Also, would bond holders also be burdened with this? what
             | about derivatives?
        
               | bdefore wrote:
               | That great innovation is at the root of the market's
               | disregard for negative externalities such as climate
               | change. I'm not in support of jailing shareholders, but
               | say a tax on the dividends of shareholders who front the
               | capital for companies that impose a burden on
               | civilization doesn't sound outrageous to me. Especially
               | since fining the company directly doesn't necessarily
               | discourage bad behavior at the tiers of power that have
               | the ability to take a different path.
        
               | BiteCode_dev wrote:
               | Not that absurd. People would start doing way more due
               | diligences to invest. They would put pressure on the
               | company to not do something stupid.
               | 
               | You invest in bad actors and want to make money with it?
               | Well you should pay the consequences for that.
        
               | poizan42 wrote:
               | Maybe a better idea would be to force the company to emit
               | new shares by some percantage of their total number of
               | shares and transfer those to the state. That way
               | shareholders lose a bit of value by dilution. And after
               | enough fines the state will eventually reach a
               | controlling majority ownership and can directly stop the
               | company from further transgressions.
        
           | perlgeek wrote:
           | I agree that we need better enforcement mechanisms, but I'm
           | not sold on a "time out".
           | 
           | What would that even mean? If you aren't allowed to
           | participate in the Maps business for, let's say, 2 years,
           | does that mean you cannot offer the app for download? Then
           | everybody stays on the old version, and cannot install
           | security updates.
           | 
           | Or that you cannot offer it as a new install? Then people
           | changing their phones are screwed.
           | 
           | Or that you cannot offer new maps? Then people rely on the
           | old ones, running into permanently closed roads.
           | 
           | Or that your servers must immediately stop serving map tiles?
           | Customer's won't be very happy about that either.
           | 
           | That you cannot make any revenue from the service? Kinda hard
           | to do when your service is maps, but the revenue source is
           | ads.
           | 
           | And so on, ad infinitum.
           | 
           | Consumers tend to switch apps pretty quickly, but what about
           | b2b software? Switching over to a database from another
           | vendor can easily be a 3 to 5 years project, so it's likely
           | that many customers would simply sit out such a jail time.
        
             | BiteCode_dev wrote:
             | First, 2 years is too long, because the consequences are
             | very heavy. But a 2 months of service interruptions of
             | youtube, google doc and gmap wouldn't crash the world, but
             | would be so painful people would find alternatives quickly
             | and never rely just on one monopoly again.
        
             | ignaloidas wrote:
             | I think just making so that for the next year a set % of
             | revenues that are associated with the product in question
             | get fined would be fine.
        
         | otippat wrote:
         | I don't think three-strikes laws exist anywhere other than in
         | the US to be honest.
        
           | hemloc_io wrote:
           | noone else is as beholden to baseball metaphors as us.
           | 
           | There's even judges who love baseball so much they quote it
           | in opinions lol.
        
             | asddubs wrote:
             | when will the sport of baseball stop wreaking havoc on the
             | justice system at last?
        
             | justnotworthit wrote:
             | Whenever someone goes in a long baseball analogy to make a
             | point, i start looking around the room uncomfortably.
        
           | p-e-w wrote:
           | But whether it's a repeat offense is taken into account by
           | almost every criminal justice system. A first-time thief
           | might get off with a light sentence by claiming that they
           | needed money and made a stupid mistake. That's not going to
           | fly when it happens for the third time.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | New Zealand had one until last month, when it was repealed.
           | Their ACT and National parties have said they will bring it
           | back if they ever get a chance.
           | 
           | I don't know enough about New Zealand politics to know if
           | those parties have a chance of actually doing so.
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | They're sleepwalking to a win in the next election,
             | sadly[1].
             | 
             | [1] I say sadly, less because I like the current
             | government, and more because they seem desperate to import
             | Bannon-esque culture war nonsense like attacking women's
             | rights.
        
           | spixy wrote:
           | Slovakia: https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20017344/three-strikes-
           | system-to-...
        
       | mdrzn wrote:
       | Yesss! EU is doing its job.
       | 
       | I'm very happy every time they manage to give a slap on the wrist
       | of these monopolies
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Wrist slaps are getting slightly stronger though!
        
           | [deleted]
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-09-22 23:01 UTC)