[HN Gopher] Engine makers sound downbeat on supersonic, leaving ...
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       Engine makers sound downbeat on supersonic, leaving Boom in a bind
        
       Author : kejaed
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2022-09-22 12:09 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.flightglobal.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.flightglobal.com)
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | > supersonic passenger aircraft would use 7-9 times more fuel per
       | passenger, per kilometre, than subsonic jets burning fossil fuel
       | 
       | Ick.
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | Yeah, that does seem like a massive drawback. Even
         | hypothetically with SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) from carbon
         | capture that they're spruiking, that's still a huge amount of
         | energy that could be used far more efficiently by not flying
         | supersonic...
         | 
         | If it was more like 3x, that might make it work on a cost
         | benefit in certain cases, but physics makes fools of us all it
         | seems...
        
           | cobaltoxide wrote:
           | The part of Boom's argument that makes absolutely no sense to
           | me -- their argument about how they will be "sustainable"
           | because they will burn SAF -- is that the same argument could
           | be applied to traditional commercial subsonic jet aircraft.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | If it costs in the same ballpark per seat as a long range private
       | jet, then for nearly all city pairs under roughly 5000km it's
       | difficult to find an economic justification.
       | 
       | Especially if the plane needs long runways to takeoff.
       | 
       | Due to the travel times others have touched on to the major
       | airports in nearly all big cities.
       | 
       | Lighter private jets have a huge advantage in travel time of
       | being able to take off from the closest small airports.
       | 
       | If it's a really long route, like Sydney to London, then it would
       | start making sense. But this could not support the thousands of
       | engines needed to break even on R&D costs.
        
         | nilsbunger wrote:
         | It's amazing how much of end-to-end travel time is NOT the
         | plane flying. It would be much more cost-effective to optimize
         | everything besides the actual flight time for almost all
         | flights. Things like:
         | 
         | * Airport-to-city travel time
         | 
         | * Airport security time
         | 
         | * Optimize boarding (very straightforward solutions but require
         | passenger education)
         | 
         | * Speeding up taxiing / takeoff sequencing (not sure how but
         | there's gotta be a better way than what we do now)
         | 
         | Each of those are challenging but would be more impactful (and
         | more solvable?) than supersonic flight time!
        
           | spaetzleesser wrote:
           | I think having a private jet solves the first three.
        
       | BasilPH wrote:
       | > Boom's other partners include Safran Landing Systems, Collins
       | Aerospace, fuel-system company Eaton and Northrop Grumman, which
       | is helping with a military variant.
       | 
       | Does anybody know more about this "military variant"?
        
         | cwmma wrote:
         | Air Force One seems to be the military use case.
        
           | cobaltoxide wrote:
           | Air Force One is gigantic: a modified 747, with offices,
           | bedrooms, etc.
           | 
           | That would not fit inside of Boom's aircraft.
        
       | gandalfian wrote:
       | Presumably if nasa makes their x-59 low boom noise plane
       | technology work then everyone will jump onboard? And if not...
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-59_QueSST
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | Anyone who has studied aerospace engineering in the last couple
       | of decades was taught that the economics of supersonic travel are
       | unworkable in an environment where fossil fuel energy costs what
       | it does and is on the way out altogether. I was hoping Boom had
       | cracked some constraint in that equation.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | The economics of supersonic travel using a plane and engine
         | designed in the 1960s (which had a massively upgraded newer
         | version planned in the 1970-80s which was cancelled due to lack
         | of interest) are unworkable. The Concorde was designed before
         | CAD, high bypass turbofans, composite materials, so it isn't
         | that easy to extrapolate to today.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | High bypass turbofans have significance disadvantages in
           | supersonic flight due to ram drag. It would require some
           | additional breakthrough for that to make a difference.
           | 
           | The other stuff is incremental efficiencies, not enough to
           | fundamentally change the very challenging math of supersonic
           | flight efficiency.
        
           | greenthrow wrote:
           | Modern CAD programs can't bypass the laws of physics.
           | 
           | The faster you go in an atmosphere the more the atmosphere
           | resists. It gets less and less efficient the faster you go.
           | That's just how it works.
        
             | willyt wrote:
             | At the altitude they used to fly at there wasn't much air
             | resistance. I think it's more the acceleration and climb
             | out phases when they are using the reheat (aka
             | afterburner). Cruising at ~50-60000 feet, Concorde was
             | pretty efficient, comparable fuel burn to a 747 from that
             | era, but the engines were super inefficient in all the
             | other phases of flight. I've heard it said that it used
             | more fuel to taxi to the end of the runway at Heathrow than
             | a modern A320 would use to fly London to Paris. (Someone
             | else can google that to see if it's true! I can't be
             | bothered.)
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Wheel mounted electric engines? Only turn engines on when
               | close to runway the batteries can't weight more than the
               | fuel.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | Safran showed a POC of this a couple of years ago at the
               | Bourget airshow, but i have no idea why it hasn't taken
               | on - their pitch was pretty good.
        
               | LgWoodenBadger wrote:
               | Or just use a tug, which everyone has everywhere, 99% of
               | the way
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Yes, but a modern CAD program can make the design faster
             | (to design) and cheaper. Turbofans with high bypass ratios
             | are more efficient than the engines the Concorde used.
             | 
             | Of course it would be less efficient than a subsonic jet,
             | but they never claimed the opposite - the idea was for it
             | to be faster, but not (much) more expensive than today's
             | business class on subsonic jets.
        
             | bbojan wrote:
             | The faster you go the higher in the atmosphere you can fly,
             | therefore reducing drag (due to air being more rarefied).
             | So it's not as simple as you're thinking.
        
             | avn2109 wrote:
             | >> "The faster you go in an atmosphere the more the
             | atmosphere resists."
             | 
             | This is actually not even approximately true; like many
             | aerodynamic phenomena, drag is super nonlinear in airspeed
             | and not even monotonic, with a bunch of weird outcomes
             | around mach 1. The first chapter of every aero textbook
             | probably includes a variation of this famous chart [0],
             | showing drag coefficient or sometimes drag force (estimated
             | for some famous/classic airframe) as a function of mach
             | number.
             | 
             | This is why prolonged supercruise can exist for airplanes
             | without giant comical fuel tanks etc.
             | 
             | That said, your main point about CAD/physics definitely
             | stands and is a good one; imho it would be unlikely to
             | design and build e.g. a 10x better airplane than the
             | Concorde today, even with all the fancy computers
             | simulations etc.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Drag-coefficient-
             | as-a-fu...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | linkdink wrote:
               | You're conflating drag with drag coefficient. The plot
               | you linked doesn't say anything about drag. Drag is more
               | strongly proportional to speed than drag coefficient.
               | That type of proportionality analysis is what's usually
               | in the first chapter of aero textbooks.
               | 
               | Computers are great for marginal gains and saving labor
               | costs, but they can't give a 10x improvement unless
               | there's already a 9x improvement in materials and
               | techniques. Small nit, but CAE is simulations, while CAD
               | is just drafting.
        
         | thinkingkong wrote:
         | I havent spent much time digging into Booms plans before but
         | its sort of wild that their secret weapon was just... nothing?
         | We already know we have airframes that can achieve supersonic
         | flight, so why wasnt the engine design the number one priority?
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Their secret sauce, at least according to marketing was
           | composite materials and high bypass turbofans, which combined
           | could make a drastically more efficient plane than the
           | Concorde.
        
             | aunty_helen wrote:
             | High bypass turbofans are the "engine" part we're talking
             | about no body wanting to make for them. How saucy is an
             | engine that doesn't exist?
             | 
             | And composite materials like on the A350 and 787 have been
             | around, see the A350 and 787.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > High bypass turbofans are the "engine" part we're
               | talking about no body wanting to make for them. How saucy
               | is an engine that doesn't exist?
               | 
               | The plane doesn't exist either, it was a plan.
               | 
               | > And composite materials like on the A350 and 787 have
               | been around, see the A350 and 787
               | 
               | Their point of comparison is the Concorde. If they can
               | make a plane that is significantly cheaper than the
               | Concorde, thanks to the great tech that is now mainstream
               | (composites, turbofans, CAD) but wasn't back then, it can
               | be similar in cost to modern day business class, while
               | still being supersonic. At least that was their marketing
               | pitch, i don't see it taking off without an engine.
        
             | avn2109 wrote:
             | I know nothing about Boom, but the "high bypass supersonic"
             | thing raises the obvious question, how do they avoid the
             | drag from the large (by definition) cross sectional area of
             | the high-bypass fan?
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | They actually wanted medium-bypass engines. Low-bypass
               | relative to modern airliner engines, but high-bypass
               | relative to supersonic military turbofans.
        
               | bbojan wrote:
               | I'm not privy to what Boom is doing, but variable intake
               | geometry easily takes care of this.
        
               | snovv_crash wrote:
               | You still have the massive frontal area though
        
           | greenthrow wrote:
           | Their secret weapon is that their product is their valuation
           | and the hype surrounding it.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | And not just an engine design but an engine design that
           | fundamentally changes the economics of commercial supersonic
           | flight.
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | I thought noise was the issue with commercial supersonic
             | flight not economics.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Noise is an issue for overland flying (which of course
               | affects the economic viability of a supersonic aircraft).
               | 
               | But even if you assume there's a viable transatlantic
               | market for supersonic flight, you probably can't charge
               | all that huge a premium over business/first. If your
               | premium has to be 2x to 3x, I doubt you have a market.
               | 
               | Handwaving away noise issues with supersonic flight over
               | land gets you closer to something viable. But you still
               | need economics that aren't _that_ different from an all
               | business-class subsonic. (And my understanding is that
               | British Airways had trouble making all business work on
               | the London to New York route.
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | > _And my understanding is that British Airways had
               | trouble making all business work on the London to New
               | York route._
               | 
               | I don't know - the all-business class A318 service from
               | London City to JFK ran from 2009 to 2020 and was up to
               | two flights a day for a significant part of that time. I
               | guess it was really Covid that killed it.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Fair enough. Although that is also obviously not a run-
               | of-the-mill city pair.
        
               | xani_ wrote:
               | Both. Noise limits where you can go, and that limits who
               | will want the service.
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | Maybe they could use a SABRE engine:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SABRE_(rocket_engine)
             | 
             | Mind you, I've been hearing about that since I was at high
             | school and I'm in my late 50s. :-)
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Peeking at Boom's Wikipedia page - their 1/3 scale "technology
         | demonstrator" test aircraft, which they originally said would
         | fly in 2017, has been changed & pushed back & changed & pushed
         | back... And it _still_ has not managed to even taxi down a
         | runway.
         | 
         | It doesn't much matter what is/isn't possible, or what
         | could/couldn't be economical, if the company & engineers who
         | _say_ they are working to develop it...are not actually capable
         | of shipping even a puny nerfed toy version of their supposed
         | product.
         | 
         | My guess: the RR engineers concluded "maybe it's possible, but
         | these idiots will never achieve it". Then quietly shared that
         | with their colleagues at other engine makers.
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | The guess in a thread commenting on an earlier article was
           | that Boom expected RR to fund the development of a new
           | engine.
           | 
           | Haven't seen any explanation on why Boom can't just buy a few
           | current fast jet engines for their demonstrator.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | Because no existing commercial engine can supercruise. It
             | needs to be a new design.
        
             | rocket_surgeron wrote:
             | Boom did buy a current jet engine for the demonstrator, the
             | GE J85. That engine is used on the T-38/F-5 so there are
             | thousands of them on the market. The demonstrator is
             | actually bad for Boom from a business analysis perspective
             | because it is such an easy project that they have not been
             | able to realize after hundreds of millions of dollars.
             | 
             | The "small supersonic aircraft" which is what the XB-1 is,
             | is a solved problem. "Advanced composites" is irrelevant,
             | any aerospace firm can make a supersonic-capable aircraft
             | out of "advanced composites". Scaled Composites build
             | SpaceShipOne in three years with about a hundred people in
             | a hangar.
             | 
             | But Boom hasn't gotten the XB-1 into the air after five
             | years and tons more cash.
             | 
             | Building a new supersonic airframe: easy
             | 
             | Building a new supersonic jet engine: hard
             | 
             | Literally and actually with no exceptions every single
             | modest-sized aerospace firm can build a supersonic
             | airframe. That problem is solved. Tens, if not hundreds, of
             | thousands of supersonic aircraft have been built and many
             | of them are capable of carrying passengers.
             | 
             | This is not an exaggeration. My employer isn't even in the
             | supersonic aircraft business and we could build and fly a
             | supersonic aircraft if some executive got a wild hair up
             | his butt, in less time and money than Boom. Tiny and
             | embargoed firms in a variety of foreign countries with
             | small or non-existent aerospace industrial bases have done
             | it.
             | 
             | The research into the aerodynamics and stresses on
             | supersonic airframes is done.
             | 
             | Engines are hard. There are only a handful of companies
             | with the expertise and cash needed to develop a supersonic
             | jet engine, especially one that can super cruise.
             | 
             | Boom is saying "yah we're gonna build a supersonic
             | passenger jet, uhhh, don't worry about the engine we'll
             | figure that out later, give cash please".
             | 
             | What Boom is doing is functionally equivalent to an EV
             | startup saying "Yeah we're going to design a car that can
             | go 300mph (easy, individuals {Bob Dauernheim, for one} in
             | garages have done it) that is powered by electric motors
             | (hard) that don't exist yet and that someone else will
             | design" and then getting hundreds of millions of dollars to
             | design the chassis while negotiating with motor and battery
             | suppliers to do the R&D into the hard bit at their own risk
             | with the promise of profits from future sales to all of the
             | people who want a 300mph EV.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | Well written analysis. Add max distance limits to reduce
               | market to exclude the longest routes, and you can write
               | for HBR in newsstands in airports.
               | 
               | Why does AA and UAL mess around with this company?
               | https://news.aa.com/news/news-details/2022/American-
               | Airlines...
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | Boom appears to be a scam of the Nikola/etc. genre.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | Wikipedia strongly suggests that Boom already has bought
             | some of these engines -
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_J85 - to
             | power the demonstrator.
             | 
             | My impression is that Boom was not looking to RR for
             | engines for their demonstrator, but for their full-size
             | production model. Those engines would have to be carefully
             | designed & optimized for economic long-haul supersonic
             | operation. (Vs. existing supersonic military jet engines
             | are basically cost-no-object gas-guzzling hot rods.)
        
               | MichaelCollins wrote:
               | Their intent to use GE J85s for the demonstrator is
               | corroborated by the "Boom Fact Sheet" in their press kit:
               | [PDF] https://boom-press-assets.s3.us-
               | west-2.amazonaws.com/BoomFac...
               | 
               | Three GE J85-15 engines for the XB-1 demonstrator.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | I wonder if United will now take down the Boom advertising they
       | have (inexplicably) scattered around various airport terminals.
        
       | blutack wrote:
       | Question for anyone with inside insight...
       | 
       | When something like Boom announces:                   American
       | said it too had paid a "non-refundable deposit" - it also did not
       | say how much - as part of an agreement to buy up to 20 of the
       | jets.
       | 
       | Does that really mean AA paid them $1 (or a nominal amount) in
       | return for the marketing impact of having AA's name mentioned in
       | a few press releases?
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Think of it as AA backed a Kickstarter campaign that never got
         | off the ground.
        
       | UltraViolence wrote:
       | Boom is basically a scaled down Concorde when you look at it from
       | a distance. They've reduced the speed somewhat to keep the fuel
       | burn within certain limits, but it has the same drawbacks that
       | Concorde had: a supersonic boom and enormous fuel burn per
       | passenger. In this day an age of Climate Hysteria this simply
       | won't fly.
       | 
       | I foresee the failure of all supersonic airplane ventures until
       | NASA comes up with a viable sonic-boom free design. Even then,
       | the fuel burn could still make it unsalable.
        
       | zionic wrote:
       | Starship E2E (earth 2 earth) will make in-atmo supersonic
       | pointless.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | I have a feeling most normal people will be reticent to strap
         | themselves into a suborbital rocket.
        
           | qayxc wrote:
           | And don't forget the required pressure suits. You can't just
           | to use simple masks like in airplanes, since cabin pressure
           | loss at heights beyond 25km would make breathing using just
           | oxygen masks impossible.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | And would such craft be allowed to launch from your average
         | airport?
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Does a cruise ship launch from your average airport?
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | Isn't the point of Starship E2E to be a fast way of travel?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | The only way for sub-orbital travel to make sense is for
               | something like NYC->Tokyo type distances. LA->NYC makes
               | no financial sense.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | A short boat ride off the coast is all it will take to get
           | form NY to Tokyo in 40 minutes or less. Worth it.
        
             | qayxc wrote:
             | A "short boat ride" you say... Current exclusion zones and
             | logistical requirements suggest otherwise.
             | 
             | Realistically, P2P using giant rockets is a nothing but a
             | pipe dream. Just straight forward things like weather proof
             | this. The latest F9 launch had to be scrubbed two times due
             | to unfavourable weather at the launch site, for example.
             | 
             | Now multiply that just that weather-risk by two, since the
             | landing site also requires good conditions at the same
             | time.
             | 
             | Then there's the "little things" like airspace closures,
             | launch permissions, boarding procedures, the requirement
             | for personal pressure suits (simple masks won't do in case
             | of cabin pressure loss), etc.
             | 
             | The idea sounds so easy on paper, but there's a lot of good
             | reasons that in over 60 years of crewed space flight, the
             | idea hasn't even been demonstrated.
        
               | cnlevy wrote:
               | F9's fineness ratio makes it very sensitive to weather.
               | Soyuz rockets can launch in blizzards. Starship should be
               | weather insensitive as well.
               | 
               | Now for the launch platform, it will have to be built
               | about 30km from shore, and could be accessed by high
               | speed train, the travel time would be 15-20 minutes from
               | the shore
        
         | crystaldecanter wrote:
         | what's the seat-kilometre fuel burn on this compared to sub and
         | supersonic jets?
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | If passenger density was comparable to a typical airliner, an
           | intercontinental E2E flight should be roughly comparable to a
           | subsonic flight. The supersonic flight would be substantially
           | worse. Rockets have the advantage that they very rapidly get
           | out of the dense part of the atmosphere.
           | 
           | In reality a Starship flight would probably sell few very
           | expensive seats instead; just like Boom's aircraft only has
           | 50 seats. Which would make it worse than subsonic flights in
           | terms of fuel used, but still competitive with supersonic.
        
             | cnlevy wrote:
             | Starship's payload volume is around 1000 m ^3, which should
             | be about the same as an A380 interior volume.
             | 
             | For a flight time between 20 (minimum) and 40 minutes
             | (maximum) to anywhere on earth, this volume could
             | comfortably fit 1000 passengers per flight.
             | 
             | At 2 or 3 times the price of a regular ticket, their offer
             | would be a direct competitor against business class
             | tickets, if they can reduce enough the risk, and handle
             | logistics of rapid reuse.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | Should be much better, you spend most of the time coasting
           | and most of your acceleration in very thin atmosphere, vs a
           | plane that has to cruise down in the soup.
           | 
           | Also, starship has more pressurized volume than a 747. You
           | can fit a lot of people.
        
         | jraines wrote:
         | If you're healthy enough to withstand 3 Gs and they make
         | rocketry about a million times safer
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | E2E payload weight will be much lower than typical LEO
           | configs, total altitude lower. You don't need to circularize
           | etc etc.
           | 
           | This means you can spend more fuel/be less efficient overall
           | for a much more comfortable acceleration profile.
           | 
           | In terms of safety, starship will fly hundreds, perhaps
           | thousands of times before people fly on them. They'll get
           | there.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | This is never going to happen for safety, cost and noise
         | reasons. It's just more Musk fraud.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | monkaiju wrote:
       | I really hope supersonic passenger aviation stays dead. Its
       | environmental footprint alone is completely unjustifiable.
        
         | qayxc wrote:
         | Depends. If (and that's a mighty big "if") the fuel situation
         | could be sorted out in terms of being able to produce it in a
         | sustainable way, the footprint would be quite minimal compared
         | most other modes of transportation.
         | 
         | You also wouldn't need to add any additional infrastructure as
         | opposed to ideas like vac-trains or MAGLEV in general.
        
       | manacit wrote:
       | This company is the next Theranos, and I don't think it's even
       | that bold of a statement to say.
       | 
       | They don't have an engine for a plane that they have yet to fly,
       | for a concept that has limited commercial viability in the first
       | place. We will look at companies like United and American
       | Airlines that signed letters of intent to purchase these as
       | foolish idiots.
       | 
       | In the day and age of remote meetings, there is nearly no alpha
       | in being able to be in London three hours earlier from NYC. You
       | would simply hop on a Zoom call if it were that urgent. Nobody is
       | going to pay up for the cost if they are flying for leisure.
       | There are limited viable routes in in the first place.
        
         | seehafer wrote:
         | > This company is the next Theranos, and I don't think it's
         | even that bold of a statement to say.
         | 
         | It's a very bold statement to say when you have no evidence
         | that Boom would or even could ship an airplane that would put
         | people's lives in danger.
         | 
         | Theranos was not simply a company that made large promises that
         | required leaps in technology and then lied repeatedly about
         | having succeeded in making those leaps. They risked patient
         | safety by providing phony blood test results. It's important
         | not throw around that epithet unless it's earned.
        
           | jpm_sd wrote:
           | Yep, I think it's more accurate to call them the next Nikola
           | - another vaporware effort with "superior technology"
           | supposedly waiting in the wings
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > We will look at companies like United and American Airlines
         | that signed letters of intent to purchase these as foolish
         | idiots.
         | 
         | Has it cost them anything at this point? A little PR bump for
         | zero expense and zero consequences doesn't seem all that
         | foolish.
        
         | rippercushions wrote:
         | LOIs are nearly free. They're basically securing a spot at the
         | front of the line just in case Boom manages to deliver.
         | 
         | Unlike Theranos, supersonic engines already exist and they are
         | regularly used by the military. The issue is that none of the
         | big boys are willing to pony up a _lot_ of money to build, test
         | and certify one for civilian use unless they can definitely get
         | paid for their effort.
         | 
         | And yes, there are willing buyers who will pay ludicrous
         | amounts for comfort or speed, as the increasingly elaborate
         | arms race in first class (eg. multi-room suites a la Etihad's
         | Residence) and the entire private jet market demonstrate. The
         | Concorde was profitable towards the end of its life despite
         | mind-bogglingly high fuel costs, so there's definitely a market
         | if -- and it's a big if -- Boom can pull it off.
        
       | therealbilly wrote:
       | I thought Boom had a smaller plane in the works. Trying to design
       | a big 4 engine plane sounds daunting to me. A smaller craft with
       | two engines sounds somewhat easier. Something able to transport
       | 25 people maybe.
        
       | rjsw wrote:
       | An earlier related thread:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32768166
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | This basically boils down to ESG. With companies like Blackrock
       | owned Morningstar rating companies on that kind of criteria,
       | there's no way that a company is going to put themselves in a
       | position to be providing engines for this sort of thing.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | supersonic is cool, but a solution looking for a problem
        
       | runako wrote:
       | Supersonic commercial service is interesting, but it was a small
       | niche that the pandemic made even smaller.
       | 
       | Constraints on the customer base:
       | 
       | - Absolutely must have face-to-face meetings on another continent
       | 
       | - Rich/"important" enough to pay for business-class
       | transcontinental flights
       | 
       | - Can't do any productive work on a normal flight, so important
       | to reduce flight time
       | 
       | - Not staying for a long visit, so cutting a couple of hours from
       | the flight is important (Edit: added this item)
       | 
       | - Not rich enough to fly charter
       | 
       | That's a tough set of criteria, especially with CFOs looking to
       | cut unnecessary business travel. Zoom is a lot cheaper than
       | business-class travel.
        
         | stult wrote:
         | > Not rich enough to fly charter
         | 
         | The growing backlash against the environmental impact of
         | private jets may change this calculation a bit.
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | The backlash only matters if you get caught. Low key charter
           | is a luxury good. I've never done it, but I know a lot of
           | younger co-workers who have "splurged" on chartering for
           | destination vacations/weddings/etc. at $10k each or whatever.
           | 
           | That kind of diffuse luxe stuff will not get cleaned up by
           | pushback.
        
         | UltraViolence wrote:
         | A private jet (either owned, leased or rented) is a much better
         | option for executive and VIP's than a supersonic one.
        
         | thetinguy wrote:
         | The Concorde made money for both Air France and British
         | Airways.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | The Concord practically defines "small niche." Entirely
           | possible it made money, but less money than could be made
           | charging Concorde fares for First Class seats on normal
           | flights.
        
           | mandevil wrote:
           | When you buy a plane for 1 pound/franc, and don't have to
           | worry about paying any development or manufacturing costs,
           | you should be able to make money. If you can't, it's a
           | serious problem!
           | 
           | And I'm not sure that Air France was actually making money.
           | The story I heard was that AF wanted to retire their fleet
           | after the accident, because they hadn't made money on it. BA
           | balked because they were making money but having to pay full
           | costs of fleet maintenance equipment, rather than splitting
           | those with AF, changed the numbers enough that BA would have
           | lost money, so the whole fleet was retired.
        
           | sushid wrote:
           | At the cost of billions incurred by France and UK though. The
           | economics never looked good for Boom.
        
         | oblak wrote:
         | Yeah but doing important drug deals on zoom is a major no-no.
         | 
         | Seriously, we know for a fact that all internet communications
         | have been completely compromised for a long time. If they have
         | ever been safe. It makes plenty of sense if money is no object
         | and certain things have to be discussed. That said, it's a
         | massive waste. I wonder what happened to Musk's idea to have
         | rockets fill that niche
        
           | markdestouches wrote:
           | It has been a dumb idea from the start. In a nutshell, making
           | the whole process secure to acceptable levels would slow
           | things down to the point where it's the same time as a
           | regular plane flight. Yet it would cost orders of magnitude
           | more. Edit: I'm commenting on Musk's rocket travel proposal
        
           | cma wrote:
           | SpaceX announced the plan for cross-world rocket flights
           | cheaper than a business class ticket in 2018, by 2028, and
           | Musk doubled down on the timeframe in an interview in 2020.
           | Boom doesnt have a chance of earning back its investment if
           | it will only be able to operate for a few years before Musk
           | comes through on his aggressive timeline. Passengers will
           | need to be fitted for spacesuits and there is no launch abort
           | system.
        
           | nemo1618 wrote:
           | Curve25519, ChaCha20, and plenty of other cryptographic
           | primitives haven't been comprised (and there's a good chance
           | they never will be). You can absolutely communicate over the
           | internet without others reading your messages.
           | 
           |  _Metadata_ though... that 's another story.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Yeah. People are obviously getting back to face-to-face
         | meetings. But I'd at least like to think that jetting from NYC
         | to London just to sign some documents or to shake hands on a
         | deal over lunch is something we'll see less of.
         | 
         | If you're doing a longer road tour anyway, saving a few hours
         | on the transatlantic legs doesn't really buy you a whole lot.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | You save more time by flying a 'private plane' (with
           | checking/security lines + it will fly at your preferred time)
           | than flying a commercial supersonic jet
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Surely a supersonic private plane would be even faster than
             | a subsonic private plane though?
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | The point was that you get to bypass a lot of the usual
               | airport routine with private and also have greater
               | flexibility when you fly. (Though flight plans still need
               | to be filed and airport runways can still be congested.)
               | 
               | And, yes, a private supersonic would be even faster but
               | then it becomes even more of a question about the size of
               | the market.
        
             | landemva wrote:
             | Big schedule help is to leave when you are ready to leave
             | (the plane and pilots wait for you), and avoiding the herds
             | at customs and immigrations.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | I assume the airlines that buy supersonic planes also have
             | solutions to get the ~50 passengers/plane through check-in
             | and security in no time at all.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Oh this is absolutely another problem for supersonic time
               | savings.
               | 
               | Supersonic flight over the continents is problematic, but
               | not everyone lives on a coast. So many customers will
               | have to take slow planes to aggregation hubs, which can
               | easily add hours to an itinerary. Edit: And the
               | aggregation hubs may not all serve the same destinations.
               | Could easily see SF residents having to fly commercial to
               | NYC to catch a Boom to London, even though there might be
               | a Boom that flies SF-Tokyo.
               | 
               | Once you add up the fixed time costs of getting to the
               | airport, security, flying to a supersonic hub, the
               | percentage of time that can potentially be shaved off the
               | itinerary dwindles.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Boom unfortunately does not have the range to make it
               | transpacific nonstop either. Which is kind of a shame
               | because 10+ hour Asia-NA flights would be a great nut to
               | crack in terms of halving travel times.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Yeah, even with lie-flat seating pods, transpacific is
               | just a _long_ time to be sitting, however comfortably.
        
               | kolinko wrote:
               | How long is it?
               | 
               | I flew business multiple times, Frankfurt-SF (~14h), and
               | it's a breeze if you can lie down and sleep. Not even
               | boring. Jet lag is way worse than the flight itself.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | JFK - HKG is 17h30. Even SFO to HKG is 12h30, and those
               | are two cities on the coast in a middle position. (I'd
               | rather pick Shanghai as a comparison but there are no
               | direct flights at this time due to zero COVID so the info
               | is hard to get.)
               | 
               | The longest scheduled flight right now is probably SIN to
               | JFK at 18h30m. Qantas wants to do a 20h JFK-SYD route.
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | I bet early Boom clients would get luxurious treatment and
             | priority. Speed is obviously important to them -- they are
             | willing to pay for it.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | Hmm I'm not so sure. My sister used to be a project manager at
         | an Enterprise software company. She lives in NL and was put on
         | a project in Prague at some point. Think 10-20 engineers
         | setting up some product at the customer site, ie it was worth
         | tens of millions (licenses + consultancy fees).
         | 
         | After months of mostly living in a hotel, she got tired of it,
         | told he boss she wanted to go back to basketball training in
         | her home town so wanted a different project.
         | 
         | Her boss solved it by flying her to Prague and back every week
         | so she could make basketball training on Thursday nights.
         | 
         | I think that if there was supersonic flight they'd happily have
         | found her a project in New York next and foot the bill, twice a
         | week, just so she could keep going to basketball training and
         | still run the project in person.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Honestly that sounds exactly like the type of "small niche"
           | of customers that GP talks about. There can't be too many
           | megacorps willing to do this and I bet most project managers
           | wouldn't go for it either.
           | 
           | Btw, that sounds like the worst solution your sister could
           | have agreed to. She was tired of living in a hotel but is
           | willing to keep living in an hotel _and also_ fly back and
           | forth between Prague and Amsterdam every week?
        
             | skrebbel wrote:
             | She'd live in the hotel 3-4 nights a week and, well, she
             | did like the project itself.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | This is a dying niche (source: have worked in Enterprise
           | software for 20 years, used to live on a plane like your
           | sister) that is largely moving to cloud deployments run by
           | remote teams (those teams may themselves be co-located). The
           | other prevalent model is opening a satellite office on the
           | customer's continent, so that staff can be semi-local with
           | shorter commutes.
           | 
           | And even if she was a good representative, look at the ratio:
           | 10-20 engineers to 1 project manager flying supersonic. I'm
           | not sure that's a great market niche.
           | 
           | > if there was supersonic flight they'd happily have found
           | her a project in New York next and foot the bill, twice a
           | week
           | 
           | I do have to laugh at this, because there are numerous
           | consultants who do this now, using our current planes.
           | 
           | Edit: Amsterdam<->NYC 4x monthly for business/first class
           | (equivalent to Boom pricing) looks like it will shake out in
           | the range of $30k monthly in airline tickets. Very few
           | employees in a company will justify that kind of travel
           | spend. (And still not fly on a corporate jet.)
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | Transatlantic is a bit of a special case as most corporate
             | jets don't have the range for that, without doing something
             | extreme like going way out of their way and stopping in
             | Iceland (and thus being even slower than commercial)
        
           | fiat_fandango wrote:
           | Damn, do I need an MBA to land a gig like this?
        
             | jpm_sd wrote:
             | Air travel 2x/week goes from glamorous to miserable very
             | quickly.
        
               | qayxc wrote:
               | Agreed, I used to do that 15 years ago and I wouldn't do
               | it again.
               | 
               | The most miserable part isn't even the flight itself -
               | it's the hassle at the airports.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | 'Million miler' or 2M status meant something different
               | twenty years ago than now. Now it means the person is
               | unable to use communication tech and instead subjects
               | themselves to invasive screening at airports.
               | 
               | It was unavoidable for some people twenty years ago. Now
               | it is a badge of stupid.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | > Her boss solved it by flying her to Prague and back every
           | week so she could make basketball training on Thursday
           | nights.
           | 
           | And we wonder why the planet is set to "broil."
           | 
           | "Who cares, someone else is paying for it."
        
         | rishav_sharan wrote:
         | I am not sure if you travel cross continent a lot. I live in
         | India and for me to travel to the US for work takes 24 hours of
         | continuous travel over multiple flights. If I can cut it down
         | to 12 hrs, that would be a game changer for me.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | This is a classic case of "supersonic is not the answer."
           | Depending on the city pair, this is a ~15h nonstop on a
           | commercial flight today. If an airline started serving your
           | city pair, you would immediately save 9 hours.
           | 
           | Also keep in mind that supersonic won't help beyond the
           | coasts due to noise/overflight rules that would require
           | flights to slow down over the continents anyway.
        
             | kylehotchkiss wrote:
             | One example of this is Los Angeles-Delhi. Probably possible
             | with existing planes but would require cargo or passenger
             | limits, which would make the route not profitable. No
             | American airline is interested, given the connections
             | available elsewhere, and Air India's (they've expressed
             | interest in this pair before) habit of running routes at
             | big losses will probably start to reduce now that they're
             | privately owned. Airlines are perfectly happy to add more
             | hops to your trip.
             | 
             | If there was a supersonic LAX-Singapore (I doubt India
             | would allow supersonic planes), at least the longest leg of
             | the trip is mostly over ocean, supersonic, and the
             | Singapore-DEL flight is just a normal one.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Looks like United was running flights from SFO nonstop to
               | Delhi until Russia closed their airspace to US flights.
               | Looking at the list of longest nonstops, a hypothetical
               | LA-Delhi, assuming usage of Russian airspace, flight
               | would fit within the range of a couple of aircraft.
               | 
               | The JFK-Singapore direct would still be hundreds of km
               | longer.
        
             | rishav_sharan wrote:
             | But Supersonic is indeed AN answer. Delhi-Dubai takes 4
             | hrs. and if Dubai to NY could be done in 4 hours, I would
             | very much prefer to buy that ticket - even if the fare
             | prices are twice that of normal business class. Dubai-NY is
             | a crowded route and there are plenty of very rich
             | professionals who can take it on a regular basis.
             | 
             | And even for personal flights - considering that I have to
             | travel only once a year between India and the US, I would
             | very much welcome this option.
             | 
             | The current 24 hour long journey is just too brutal, and
             | often time constraints mean that I can't break the journey
             | into small hops over 3-4 days. And I shudder taking my
             | family with me on such trips, given how much of a stress it
             | causes.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Today's state of the art is what? a 2-hour flight from
               | Delhi to Mumbai, then a 16-hour nonstop from Mumbai to
               | Newark? 18 hours in the air. Versus a hypothetical 4 hour
               | Delha-Dubai then 5 hour Dubai-NY for 9 hours total in the
               | air.
               | 
               | So $1,100 for today vs $7,000 for supersonic (using
               | business class fares as a proxy) to save 9 hours of
               | flight time. My assertion is that there's relatively few
               | people on any given route who have enough money and fly
               | that route enough to make this a viable niche outside of
               | a very limited set of routes.
               | 
               | > I shudder taking my family with me on such trips
               | 
               | I hear you on that! But also the notion of spending $7k
               | for each of us is somehow worse.
        
               | zachthewf wrote:
               | As you say though, the cost is all the difference. Is
               | business class the correct proxy?
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Per Boom's website, they are targeting price points that
               | would let businesses economically sell seats at normal
               | business class fares. However, knowing airlines, I would
               | be surprised if they sold tickets for less than (say)
               | 1.5x the highest subsonic fare for the route.
               | 
               | Using the example above, that would put supersonic
               | flights in the range of 10x economy, which feels about
               | right for airline pricing. (At least until there are tons
               | of supersonic flights to push down prices.)
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | Even if there was a business here, it is not a good _startup
         | business_.
         | 
         | Startups, especially if any hardware is involved, mostly need
         | to be companies that are leveraging an entire stack of off-the-
         | shelf, on-the-market, mostly commodity components into a
         | product or solution which is mostly, at least at first, a
         | packaging exercise on the HW side and perhaps novel go to
         | market (AAS, for example), UI/UX, etc. experience on the SW and
         | solution side. Very few startups are going to work outside of
         | these guide rails, and even when they do the exit/invested is
         | pretty poor at this point and has been getting poorer for at
         | least 20 years. You get to tweak the last 5-10% of your tech
         | stack in HW and had better have something really compelling as
         | a result.
         | 
         | There's probably _business_ in SST but between the tech stack,
         | the dependencies, and just plain practical business issues like
         | liability/etc. not a business that you get to as a startup.
        
         | kylehotchkiss wrote:
         | > Rich/"important" enough to pay for business-class
         | transcontinental flights
         | 
         | Business class from east to west (via emirates and qatar for
         | example) can sometimes (more often pre-covid) be grabbed for
         | $1000 above an economy ticket. The departing US business class
         | ticket costs often seem very specific to our market. A lot of
         | people on HN can bump up their tickets while flying outside the
         | country even just for vacations.
        
       | MauranKilom wrote:
       | That title is unusually difficult to parse, especially since you
       | only realize halfway through that it's about aircraft.
        
         | JasonFruit wrote:
         | It's almost as though I'm right when I say that making nouns of
         | adjectives causes confusion. If we must have nouns from
         | serverless, solar, and contactless, we're damn well going to
         | get supersonic, too.
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | It's on an airline industry news website, I think they just
         | know their audience.
        
         | MarkMc wrote:
         | May I plug my Hacker News app reader? In the app the image
         | associated with this title makes it immediately clear it's
         | about aircraft
         | 
         | https://mclarentimes.com/
        
         | ape4 wrote:
         | It could be about music
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Or the ++ version of a hedgehog franchise
        
       | torginus wrote:
       | I think the reality is that aerospace engineering is literal
       | magic - the amount of resources, facilities, time and brainpower
       | is absolutely it takes to develop anything approaching modern
       | military hardware in performance makes it prohibitively expensive
       | to fund the development on market terms.
       | 
       | Developing a jet engine that could allow Boom to meet its
       | performance targets is a nation-state level endeavor.
        
       | TrevorJ wrote:
       | One issue they face here is that for most flights, the time
       | wasters aren't what happens once you are in the seat of the
       | plane. It's everything that happens before that at the airport.
        
         | xeromal wrote:
         | These would be smart to fly out of the smaller airports in an
         | area like out of long beach or burbank instead of LAX.
         | 
         | Much easier and faster experience. That's how JSX operates.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Usually, I breeze through with TSA Pre but neither myself nor
         | my car service likes to bank on that. (Also slowdowns on my >1
         | hour drive to the airport.) To your point, even if it's not
         | security, there's a certain amount of overhead and buffer for a
         | lot of people going to the airport for a flight.
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
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