[HN Gopher] The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on ...
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       The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth
        
       Author : Vaslo
       Score  : 132 points
       Date   : 2022-09-21 14:48 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.pnas.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.pnas.org)
        
       | sdeframond wrote:
       | > This exceeds the combined biomass of wild birds and mammals and
       | equals 20% of human biomass.
       | 
       | So humans are not mammals anymore?
        
         | janef0421 wrote:
         | I think it's "wild (birds and mammals)", not "(wild birds) and
         | mammals".
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | It is completely crazy that human biomass is so big in
         | comparison.
        
       | x32n23nr wrote:
       | You could fit all of them in a cube with edge length 400 meters
       | (1312 feet)
        
         | snickerbockers wrote:
         | but how would you get them to stay still?
        
       | fblp wrote:
       | For once i want to say that this article needs an in infographic
       | to visualize the numbers
        
         | Joeri wrote:
         | There's a summary news article here that has the infographic.
         | The total mass of ants is one fifth of humanity.
         | 
         | https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2022/09/20/de-aarde-telt-minste...
        
       | doodlebugging wrote:
       | I just want to know how many Olympic sized swimming pools we
       | could fill with all these ants.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | Crushed or live?
        
           | exitb wrote:
           | I wonder if it's even possible to fill an Olympic-sized pool
           | with ants without crushing the ones near the bottom.
        
             | zimpenfish wrote:
             | A column of ants 2M high would be about 1000 ants (assuming
             | 2mm height for an ant). According to [1], ants range from
             | 1mg to 150mg(!) but most commonly 5-10mg - call it 8mg as
             | an average and your bottom ant would be supporting about 8
             | grams over an area of (I assumed in another comment) 9x4mm
             | or 36mm^2 to give about (if I'm operating [2] correctly)
             | about 0.3psi. [3] suggests that ants can lift about 5000x
             | their own weight which should mean the bottom ant would not
             | only be fine but could probably carry the 2M column around
             | without any trouble...
             | 
             | [1] https://whatthingsweigh.com/how-much-does-an-ant-weigh/
             | [2] https://www.sensorsone.com/force-and-area-to-pressure-
             | calcul... [3] https://entomologytoday.org/2014/02/11/ants-
             | can-lift-up-to-5...
        
         | jp57 wrote:
         | Assume a spherical ant...
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | According to this link and size of the pool is 2500m3. It comes
         | out to around 54,000 pools to fit roughly 40 quadrillion 3mm
         | sized ants.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/theydidthemath/comments/4mohnd/requ...
        
         | zimpenfish wrote:
         | If you say 9x4x3mm for an ant's volume (wild guesstimate based
         | off carpenter ants) (which is way off for most species since
         | they range in size from 0.75 to 52mm[1]) and an Olympic
         | swimming pool as 50x25x2m[2], you get the pool as
         | 2500000000000mm^2 and the ant as 108mm^2 giving an approximate
         | count of 23150000000 or twenty three billion, one hundred and
         | fifty million ants. Which means you'd need about 863931 pools
         | to hold them all at that carpenter size - round up and call it
         | 1.25M pools to hold all the world's population?
         | 
         | [1] https://pestsamurai.com/ant-size-chart-and-comparison/ [2]
         | https://phinizycenter.org/olympic-swimming-pools/
        
           | googlryas wrote:
           | And for reference, 863,931 olympic pools if built in a square
           | would be about 50km long by 25km wide
        
       | wonderwonder wrote:
       | If I had to do it all over again I would study social insects.
       | Fascinating topic
        
         | netrus wrote:
         | The Agent-based modelling community has some accessible, fun
         | overlap of biology and CS.
        
           | enviclash wrote:
           | Indeed the Ants model comes by default in the netlogo
           | library, very instructive and motivating for kids.
        
         | SeanAnderson wrote:
         | What do you find fascinating about social insects? :)
        
           | wonderwonder wrote:
           | That they are essentially little machines controlled by the
           | crowd.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | I guess they are on ipv6
        
       | raydiatian wrote:
       | The question I'm interested in is the mass comparison of "all
       | humans" to "all ants". I mean the back-of-my-eyelids math
       | calculates that Human-tron vs Ant-tron is in ants favor.
        
         | kilovoltaire wrote:
         | The abstract answers this, I believe. Human-tron is 5x as
         | massive!
         | 
         | > ...a biomass of ~12 megatons of dry carbon... equivalent to
         | ~20% of human biomass
         | 
         | Honestly the unfathomable biomass of humans creeps me out more
         | than the biomass of ants...
        
           | retzkek wrote:
           | This sounds even more terrifying than Popolac vs. Podujevo
           | from "In the Hills, the Cities" by Clive Barker.
           | 
           | (spoilers) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Blood#%22In
           | _the_Hills...
        
           | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
           | Ants are tiny. 100 grams of seeds is enough to feed a small
           | ant family for a whole year.
        
           | netrus wrote:
           | This picture put it into perspective for me [0].
           | 
           | We use most of the Earth's dry surface to feed ... What ever
           | that picture shows.
           | 
           | Disclaimer: I did not check their math, but it is in the
           | right ball park.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.reddit.com/r/theydidthemath/comments/p0qws3/s
           | elf...
        
             | happyopossum wrote:
             | > We use most of the Earth's dry surface to feed
             | 
             | We don't even come close to using 10% of the earth's dry
             | surface for food production, let alone most of it.
        
               | TSiege wrote:
               | This is wrong, according to the UN's Food and Agriculture
               | Organization, we currently use ~38% of the earths surface
               | for agriculture.[1] Most of that is used for pastor
               | lands. But crops alone are 10%. Now imagine how much of
               | the earth's surface is actually suitable for agriculture
               | and livestock. We use most of the earths surface for
               | ourselves. In fact it's estimated that only 23% of the
               | land on earth, excluding Antartica, is devoted to
               | wildlife.[2]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.fao.org/sustainability/news/detail/en/c/1
               | 274219/ [2] https://theconversation.com/five-maps-that-
               | reveal-the-worlds...
        
               | noselasd wrote:
               | And about 1/3 of earths surface is deserts. (While
               | they're not devoid of life or agriculture, they provide
               | _very_ little support for flora and fauna compared to
               | most non-desert areas).
               | 
               | We'll be squeezing out pretty much all remaining wildlife
               | in a few hundred years,
        
       | 11235813213455 wrote:
       | I'm very surprised ants biomass is not more than human biomass,
       | we are definitely too many, livestocks biomass is also incredibly
       | huge, much much more than wild mammals
       | https://www.ecowatch.com/biomass-humans-animals-2571413930.h...
        
         | happyopossum wrote:
         | > we are definitely too many
         | 
         | Err, ok? What's the 'correct' number of humans on this planet,
         | and who decides who gets to live and reproduce?
        
           | Xeoncross wrote:
           | According to Google, the size of Dallas / Fort-worth
           | metroplex area is 9,286 square miles. That is 28,764,444,444
           | yards / 7 billion people = each person gets 4 square yards.
           | 
           | So while a 6'x6' space isn't a lot, you could fit the whole
           | population of the earth in just one area with plenty of room
           | around each person.
           | 
           | I think politics and greed are a bigger cause of starvation
           | and pollution than population size.
        
             | 11235813213455 wrote:
             | exactly, if the average CO2 footprint in rich countries
             | were 2T/year instead of 10T/year, it would be sustainable,
             | but currently it's not
        
             | black_knight wrote:
             | This reminded me of this classic: https://what-
             | if.xkcd.com/8/
        
             | slibhb wrote:
             | > I think politics and greed are a bigger cause of
             | starvation and pollution than population size.
             | 
             | Interesting model. What does it tell you that starvation
             | has been trending downward for decades?
        
               | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
               | The question suggests that you expect the answer wouldn't
               | simply be that there are counter-forces to politics and
               | greed that are at least strong enough to make a
               | difference. That doesn't mean that said forces don't need
               | to overcome politics and greed in order to make
               | starvation less common.
        
           | 11235813213455 wrote:
           | The maximim number is a multiplication of the number of human
           | by their average CO2 impact, and currently it's too high. The
           | average carbon footprint per person is 7 tonnes CO2e per
           | year. 2T might be sustainable, and achievable (with smaller
           | vehicles and less consumerist behaviors)
           | 
           | No one decides about it for now, like we do for other
           | invasive species, but we should probably start considering
           | regulating ourselves
        
           | shagmin wrote:
           | Even though the article is about biomass and not consumption
           | per se, I take it like a reminder the global human population
           | (in our current state) is currently throwing the atmosphere's
           | equilibrium off into a negative feedback loop that may render
           | the planet uninhabitable for many - human activity has to
           | change, otherwise it will inevitably cost (more) human lives.
        
       | smm11 wrote:
       | If ants took us on one-by-one, they could rule the world.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | Jack Handey:
         | 
         | > "I'm not afraid of insects taking over the world, and you
         | know why? It would take about a billion ants just to AIM a gun
         | at me, let alone fire it. And you know what I'm doing while
         | they're aiming it at me? I just sort of slip off to the side,
         | and then suddenly run up and kick the gun out of their hands."
         | 
         | Never fear, friend.
        
           | lapetitejort wrote:
           | Mixing the two greatest philosophers of the 20th century,
           | Jack Handey and Mitch Hedburg: Ants are great when you're
           | angry and want to kill 2000 of something
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | They can poison your food, destroy your things, bring down
           | your home. In the chaos, civilization would collapse. Ants
           | don't have to kill us one-on-one; they just let us kill each
           | other.
        
             | reidjs wrote:
             | Jack Handey was a ficticious humorous philosopher from
             | Saturday Night Live. But you're also right.
        
               | pdabbadabba wrote:
               | I believe he is actually a real person!
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Handey
        
       | andrewf wrote:
       | So we can give them each their own /64 is what I'm hearing
        
       | anderspitman wrote:
       | I was hiking on Kauai recently. For 11 miles of trail, nearly
       | every surface was covered with small, fast moving ants each
       | separated by about 15-20cm. It was quite unnerving until we were
       | sure they didn't bite. Having them crawl on you while sleeping
       | wasn't my favorite though. Mind boggling to extrapolate that
       | number to the entire forest/world.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | > This exceeds the combined biomass of wild birds and mammals and
       | equals 20% of human biomass.
       | 
       | They don't count humans as mammals?
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | humans and livestock are at least 96% of all mammals
         | https://www.ecowatch.com/biomass-humans-animals-2571413930.h...
         | so more interesting to not count them
         | 
         | I guess pets as well were excluded
        
         | boltzmann-brain wrote:
         | I suggest anyone who is impressed by these findings reads
         | Clifford Simak's "City". It is a very short novel. I won't
         | spoil it for you. I'll just say that it's one of the best and
         | most beautiful sci fi stories I've ever come across.
        
         | gwill wrote:
         | maybe 'wild' is applicable to mammals in that sentence and they
         | don't consider humans to be 'wild mammals'?
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Makes sense.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | BirAdam wrote:
           | Go to Walmart on Black Friday and see if you can still
           | reliably make a claim that humans are not wild mammals.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Yay finally a good use for this website:
       | 
       | https://www.themeasureofthings.com/results.php?comp=weight&u...
       | 
       | trying to find a favorite, how about
       | 
       | "It's about 150,000 times as heavy as The Space Shuttle"
        
       | agentultra wrote:
       | I love ants. Ant farming is an interesting hobby if you like ants
       | too. They're so essential to many biomes that it's hard to
       | imagine how we'll survive if the mass extinction takes them.
       | 
       | That's a lot of biomass!
        
         | SeanAnderson wrote:
         | How come you love ants so much?
        
           | agentultra wrote:
           | I enjoy their shape and simplicity.
           | 
           | I find awe in the way they interact and accomplish tasks as a
           | whole colony that would be impossible for any single
           | individual. And how some species have developed complex,
           | specialized behaviours from the various Acromyrmex species
           | that farm fungi or the genus of Solenopsis that build bridges
           | over water. And they're fascinating to watch!
           | 
           | The idea that a single individual may not have the
           | neurological framework to manage these complex behaviours
           | that enable colonies to remember and optimize paths to
           | sources of food over time is fascinating.
           | 
           | Formica Rufus! They have a caste system of workers. They farm
           | aphids and plants, they have hunters, and they have builders.
           | They build huge mounts out of deciduous and coniferous plant
           | material around fallen trees. And yet rigid seeming as they
           | are there have been observations where individuals within a
           | caste that prefer certain kinds of tasks over others.
           | 
           | I really like spiders too but ants were my first fascination
           | and I still really enjoy them. My kids and I love to catch
           | and identify queens of various species in our area during
           | nuptial flights. It's a lot of fun... sort of like real-like
           | Pokemon.
        
       | lelo_tp wrote:
       | Sooo, it seems they're living in Asimov's Foundation?
        
       | filoeleven wrote:
       | > The latter corresponds to a biomass of ~12 megatons of dry
       | carbon. This exceeds the combined biomass of wild birds and
       | mammals...
       | 
       | This is a nice "wow" statistic, until you look at how few wild
       | animals are left.
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/1338/
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | Also how that statistic has changed over the past 12,000 years
         | or so (by Paul Chefurka, with data from Vaclav Smil):
         | 
         | <http://peakoilbarrel.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/2016/01/Terrestr...>
         | 
         | Details:
         | 
         | <http://peakoilbarrel.com/confessions-of-a-doomer/>
         | 
         | <https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/17788/how-
         | muc...>
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Yes I've heard it summarized that land animals are ~50% our
         | livestock and ~46% humans themselves. Leaving 4% wild animals.
         | 
         | Puts thoughts of living off the land, surviving a collapse of
         | our food chain, obsoleting animal husbandry etc out the window.
        
       | spuz wrote:
       | So roughly 2.5 million per human.
        
         | Vaslo wrote:
         | I wrote this in the title of the original post here but I guess
         | the admins edited the title
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | And still only 20% of the human biomass. You'd need 12.5
         | million ants on average to balance out a single human.
        
       | nixgeek wrote:
       | "How many ants are there in the world?" -Google Interviewer
       | 
       | I think Google has now mostly stopped with the brain teaser
       | questions but I could absolutely imagine this being one back in
       | 2010 or so!
        
         | onionisafruit wrote:
         | Somewhere there is a pissed off engineer who said 4 quadrillion
         | in their interview only to be told their answer is implausible.
        
         | tboyd47 wrote:
         | Just link it to climate change and you can get free money to
         | solve it now.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | I never saw any evidence that Google ever did this, at least at
         | scale.
         | 
         | This was, I believe, a Microsoft interview practice. Questions
         | such as "how many golf balls can you fit in a bus?" and "how
         | many piano tuners are in Chicago?"
         | 
         | Google engineering interviewing doesn't work this way and I
         | don't think it ever did.
        
           | daniel-cussen wrote:
           | Yeah that was Microsoft.
           | 
           | Also Edison, General Electric early on (like lightbulb era),
           | had (according to one source, but it makes sense) like a
           | prototype of an IQ test, tested memory and general knowledge.
           | Basically how much you had read. By that point America had
           | ample libraries thanks to Carnegie, so it was fair, before
           | that there was no way.
           | 
           | Makes sense since Edison and Gates dropped out. And back then
           | college dropouts were too educated, so for instance JP Morgan
           | did a year in college, traveled a bit and that completed his
           | education. I dropped out recently (technically an impasse,
           | glitch meant I couldn't enroll again) and with that my
           | education is complete. But back then? Dude nobody finished
           | high school, Ford didn't, Wright Brothers said eh, like back
           | then if you went to college you were badly overeducated.
           | 
           | So the "how many piano tuners are there in Chicago" question
           | is a sanitized version of "how many kilotons of TNT did this
           | nuclear bomb yield?". Fermi problem, I think it's called, and
           | Fermi was great at it, got it to within a factor of 2. Wright
           | Brothers also nailed it very well, like got 1% margins on
           | admittedly easier math than the bomb, but with their other
           | invention, the wind tunnel, and very very low resources
           | initially. So the piano tuners sounds like a stupid question,
           | otherwise it would require that special nuke clearance, get
           | real. And it's the same thought process.
        
           | ASalazarMX wrote:
           | These useless riddles were intended to show problem solving.
           | Even if you didn't know obscure trivia about piano tuning,
           | New York, or buses, you could pass if you answered good
           | enough.
           | 
           | And that's how the Windows Update team was selected /s
        
             | raldi wrote:
             | Yeah, it's the same reasoning as, "How much disk space
             | would we need to make a Gmail clone with 100 million
             | users?"
        
             | drivers99 wrote:
             | Sounds like what they are looking for is if one knows about
             | Fermi estimation. Here's a (somewhat annoying) short video
             | about it using an example, with a timestamp to skip the
             | intro. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YzvupOX8Is&t=89s
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | Precisely. I believe some departments would benefit from
               | being proficient at this, but every developer? Most are
               | not system architects.
               | 
               | BTW, the "See also" section in Wikipedia is funny, it
               | even includes the spherical cow concept:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_problem#See_also
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | That's when I interviewed and it wasn't anything like that.
         | Just straight up algos and data structures.
         | 
         | I believe those came out of microsoft interview questions from
         | the 90s? Or at least that's how they were referred to, maybe it
         | was just a meme.
        
       | TradingPlaces wrote:
       | Pretty sure half of them are in my yard.
        
       | soniman wrote:
       | I estimated 1 million ants per person which gets to 8 quadrillion
       | which isn't a bad guess. Kind of suprised there aren't more ants.
        
         | subroutine wrote:
        
           | boltzmann-brain wrote:
           | Please don't post "ear-r*pe" videos ...
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | I recall some factoid circulating a while back that stated that
       | ants outweighed humans 8:1; this is saying that humans outweigh
       | ants 5:1.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | As measured by "dry carbon", whatever that it is.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Here's an article indicating ants have more mass:
         | https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/11/03/141946751...
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | For anyone who was curious, I too had to look this up but the
       | "dry biomass" is the mass minus moisture. I see different
       | estimates of this. This estimate [1] estimates humanity's biomass
       | at 60 megatons, which differs widely from this paper's estimate
       | (which seems to be 10 megatons).
       | 
       | Here's a fun fact. The desnity of humans is roughly that of water
       | (1000kg/m^3). Humans are 18% carbon so humanity's mass is 333
       | megatons. If we squished everyone into a sphere is would only be
       | 860 meters across.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/humans-
       | make-110000...
        
       | EngCanMan wrote:
       | If I just killed 3, how would I update their census?
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | That reminds me of a joke...
         | 
         | A family is getting a tour around a museum. The tour guide
         | points to a T-rex fossil and said "That dinosaur is 75 million
         | and 4 years old". The guest says "Wow, so precise!", and the
         | guide says "Yes, it was 75 million years old when I started,
         | and I've been here for 4 years".
        
           | hombre_fatal wrote:
           | I love it.
        
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