[HN Gopher] Intelligence and radical economic attitudes
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Intelligence and radical economic attitudes
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 53 points
       Date   : 2022-09-20 17:12 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sciencedirect.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencedirect.com)
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | I think the way more interesting thing in this is buried in the
       | table of correlations for study 3.
       | 
       | - the positive correlation between intelligence and income at 30
       | is 0.11, and highly significant, p<0.001
       | 
       | - the positive correlation between intelligence and income at 42
       | is 0.05, highly significant, p<0.001
       | 
       | - the positive correlation between income at 30 and income at 42
       | is 0.11, highly significant, p<0.001, and this was the strongest
       | correlation of any variable with income at 42.
       | 
       | I.e. what you earn when you're 42 is more tied to what you made
       | more than a decade ago than it is to how smart you are. The
       | strength of that link between income over time is the same
       | strength as the influence of intelligence on income at 30.
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | > the positive correlation between income at 30 and income at
         | 42 is 0.11
         | 
         | I'm surprised this correlation is so low, most people have
         | already started their main career at 30, do people really
         | change career that much between 30 and 42? Only reason I see it
         | can be that low is that they have women who quit work or
         | something, otherwise I'd expect high earners to continue to be
         | high earners at that age and vice versa.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Workplace politicking and climbing the career greasy pole
           | does not always correlate with intelligence.
        
             | pedrosorio wrote:
             | The comment you replied to does not mention intelligence
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | While the degree of economic extremism (perhaps better described
       | as investment or fluency) seems to correlate well with
       | intelligence, I think it's unlikely that one can decide whether a
       | given economic philosophy is the 'smarter' choice. Economic
       | preferences may not be the outcome of pure rationality so much as
       | differing values which in turn are based on different criteria of
       | emotional satisfaction.
       | 
       | There is some evidence* that these value preferences are
       | independent of experience and established quite early in life. It
       | might be that a lot of theoretical sophistication is an elaborate
       | rationalization of the axiomatic preferences rather than
       | objective assessments of 'reality'.
       | 
       | It's also worth considering that preferential attachment and
       | assortivity could lead to clustering of particular value systems
       | at local, regional, or national levels. A policy which is
       | 'natural' and 'efficient' in a society where one value system
       | prevails might not work elsewhere, because the people there to be
       | more competitive, or more cooperative, or more risk averse. Their
       | aggregate economic outcomes would then be poorer because the
       | policy is at odds with their social norms.
       | 
       | * https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600451
       | 
       | The speculated-upon correlation with big 5 personality factors in
       | the current paper is intriguing and worthy of further research.
        
       | tqi wrote:
       | I wouldn't be surprised if "intelligence" would loosely predict
       | extreme attitudes on almost any topic (such as is a hotdog a
       | sandwich?).
        
         | kelseyfrog wrote:
         | Pretty much. For those who possess average intelligence,
         | centrism(compromise) and status quo maintenance is a decent
         | decision heuristic.
        
           | lame-robot-hoax wrote:
           | The thing is, right vs left doesn't necessarily capture
           | extreme positions.
           | 
           | For example, you have r/neoliberal on Reddit. There users are
           | overwhelmingly in favor of YIMBY policies (zoning reform,
           | banning single family zoning, focusing on high density
           | coupled with public transit), getting rid of the Jones act,
           | pro free trade, automating ports, pro carbon tax, etc. while
           | also being very liberal/progressive (imo) on most social
           | issues.
           | 
           | So, while not necessarily extreme left or right, they have
           | views that would be relatively extreme compared to the
           | average voter, namely views on housing and trade.
        
             | pram wrote:
             | I think because extreme 'right' and 'left' are used today
             | to characterize basically non-liberal ideologies, and
             | liberal positions are described as the 'center'
             | 
             | Historically liberalism can be very extreme and radical,
             | considering groups like the Jacobins.
        
             | kelseyfrog wrote:
             | Certainly. That's the downside of heuristics and in this
             | case collapsing a multidimensional non-linear space down to
             | a linear value. Any point on that projection doesn't
             | necessarily map to a commonly held/centrist belief.
        
         | nh23423fefe wrote:
         | I'm not sure political positions have means.
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | Any concept projectable down to a single dimension can have a
           | mean. Are there valid projections for certain contexts or at
           | all is a decent line of inquiry.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | I'm sad that free markets are viewed as an "extreme" position.
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | Purely free markets also have some very well-known failure
           | cases: tradgedy of the commons, ability of a large
           | participant to drop prices to eliminate competition then
           | raise prices, inability of market forces to handle extreme
           | tail risk like major natural disasters.
        
             | somenameforme wrote:
             | There is one issue with your argument here, an increasingly
             | relevant one in contemporary times. You are implying that
             | since one choice can be shown to be provably bad, it must
             | therefore be the case that another is better by default.
             | 
             | But this assumes that there are good choices, and that
             | there are bad choices. Reality, unfortunately, is often not
             | so kind, and instead leaves us to choose only between bad
             | choices and horrible ones. And so emphasizing the flaws of
             | one choice, says very little about the desirability of an
             | alternative.
             | 
             | In some ways I think game theory is most appropriate for
             | chaotic systems. The goal is not to pick the system that
             | works the best, under some ideal set of criteria, but the
             | one that works the least-worst under the most hostile set
             | of criteria.
        
               | aeternum wrote:
               | It doesn't need to be a purely free market. I'm very much
               | a proponent of free markets but there's also a need for
               | some amount of thoughtful regulation.
               | 
               | Allowing market participants to discharge toxins into the
               | local water supply is not in society's interests but is
               | quite possible in a purely free-market system.
               | 
               | There's now a good amount of evidence that a hybrid
               | system: mostly free-market, with some regulation, and
               | some kind of social safety net is the least-bad choice.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > Allowing market participants to discharge toxins into
               | the local water supply is not in society's interests but
               | is quite possible in a purely free-market system.
               | 
               | A pure free market system would not allow people to
               | pollute other peoples' property.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | > tradgedy of the commons,
             | 
             | Communal ownership is not free market, hence the tragedy of
             | the commons is not a failure of the free market.
             | 
             | > ability of a large participant to drop prices to
             | eliminate competition then raise prices,
             | 
             | Has never happened successfully.
             | 
             | > inability of market forces to handle extreme tail risk
             | like major natural disasters.
             | 
             | The free market does very well at rushing supplies into
             | disaster areas. At least until the government put a stop to
             | that with anti-gouging laws. So now, disaster victims have
             | to wait around until the government gets its act together,
             | which takes a lot longer.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | This would be such a beautiful world if only people were
               | more selfish!
        
               | twblalock wrote:
               | Selfishness is inevitable. You can either try to deny it
               | and end up with a broken system where people are still
               | selfish anyway, or you can channel it toward beneficial
               | goals.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The beauty of the free market is that instead of
               | suppressing selfish motives, it enables them in a way
               | that benefits society. It's why Americans live the
               | highest standard of living in the world.
               | 
               | Socialism fails because it relies on altruistic behavior,
               | which is in short supply in humans.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | > in a way that benefits society
               | 
               | So when accusations of price gouging arise (say in the
               | aftermath of a disaster), you're saying that it's the
               | government interfering while the people in the disaster
               | area area are eager to pay top dollar for suddenly-rare
               | commodities like water or hand sanitizer? If I see
               | regular-seeming people complaining about prices, should I
               | assume they're covert government agents?
        
               | twblalock wrote:
               | Those things are often suddenly rare because people hoard
               | them, which can be prevented by allowing supply and
               | demand to properly work. Prices should go up if goods are
               | in more demand. In addition, the higher prices will
               | motivate sellers to send more products to the impacted
               | area. That eventually leads to price stabilization at the
               | intersection of the supply and demand curve, i.e. how
               | things are supposed to work.
               | 
               | Do the higher prices mean some people won't get any
               | water? Yes! But if you artificially suppress prices,
               | there will also be some people who don't get water,
               | because other people will hoard it.
        
               | aeternum wrote:
               | >Communal ownership is not free market, hence the tragedy
               | of the commons is not a failure of the free market.
               | 
               | Ah yes so in this free-market utopia shall we purchase
               | bottled air from Nestle for our breathing needs?
               | 
               | Shall all aerospace companies pay a toll to the estate of
               | Yuri Gagarin whenever they launch a rocket? He was the
               | first in space so must have the most logical claim to the
               | ownership rights. His estate could then help us avoid
               | Kessler syndrome.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Isn't climate change the result of communal ownership of
               | the air?
               | 
               | As for space, the orbits are full of dangerous space
               | junk. A classic tragedy of the commons.
        
               | aeternum wrote:
               | Much of the most heavily polluted land in the US is
               | privately owned, so I don't see how that eliminates the
               | issue.
               | 
               | I'd be much more concerned with issues like groundwater
               | contamination, seeping gasses, and toxic waste dumping.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | > groundwater contamination, seeping gasses, and toxic
               | waste dumping
               | 
               | Are all not allowed in a free market. A free market does
               | not condone damaging other people or their property.
               | 
               | BTW, US military bases are on some of the most polluted
               | ground because they polluted it.
        
           | liotier wrote:
           | Free markets indeed is an extreme position: efficiency in
           | trade requires regulation.
        
             | Test0129 wrote:
             | Regulations? You mean the same mechanism ISPs, food
             | companies, "sin taxable" companies, etc use to capture
             | entire segments of the market and price fix their way to a
             | billion dollar profit? Or the regulations that nearly sank
             | Tesla in the cradle that existed for no reason other than
             | politicians are as corrupt, if not more, than the worst
             | CEOs?
             | 
             | 99.9% of the time regulation is unnecessary. Over-
             | regulation is a huge problem and one that only an _actual_
             | theoretical free market could address. I see people on HN
             | complaining about last mile politics often. Yet people seem
             | hard pressed to look to the free market for a solution. I
             | 'd rather deal with a corrupt CEO whose power will end when
             | their life does, rather than a politician whose power will
             | continue for centuries until someone with a few more brain
             | folds steps in and stops it.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Free markets require a government to enforce contracts,
             | property rights, and ensure there's no force or fraud in
             | the transactions.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | When people buy apples it is considered absolutely normal
           | that apples go bad and spoil over time. If your unit of
           | measurement is a golden apple that never rots, then it is
           | only natural that the return on a spoiling apple is negative.
           | 
           | The moment people talk and think about money, they consider
           | the mere concept of a negative return as some kind of
           | monstrosity going against nature itself, despite the fact
           | that money is a claim on labor and labor spoils just like an
           | apple. The saver expects a reward for idleness, while the
           | laborer without a job is getting punished by his enforced
           | idleness. Money without negative return obligates men to
           | become golden statues that never age, a world view that is
           | obviously in dissonance with nature and reality.
           | 
           | Whenever the economy isn't growing, people will prefer an
           | asset that bears a 0% return at no risk over any real
           | investment.
           | 
           | In other words, there is no such thing as a free market
           | without a monetary reform that allows negative interest rates
           | or simply allows money to expire, the same way people age.
           | 
           | Here is another problem, eternal private landownership has
           | the same problem. Let's assume you have a perpetuity that
           | returns you $1 per year. At a zero interest rate its value is
           | infinite and no, that isn't a problem with the concept of
           | zero interest, the obvious problem is that a perpetuity
           | cannot exist, even the planet itself has a finite lifespan,
           | meaning the value of a single plot of land will only amount
           | to billions of dollars. What's worth more? Money that works
           | according to supply or demand or land that doesn't? Of course
           | people are going to pick land. If landownership was eternal,
           | then owning all of the land on the planet is equivalent to
           | turning everyone else into illegal aliens that merely have
           | been granted permission to exist on the planet and whose
           | permission can be withdrawn at any time.
           | 
           | In the face of these two forces there cannot be something
           | like a free market. It would always be a coercive market in
           | one form or another.
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | yes, as you move toward more intelligence, you tend to move
         | toward the edge of human knowledge, which by definition, are at
         | the extremes (not in everything of course, but in areas of more
         | intense focus).
        
       | hackerlight wrote:
       | Could be because the people who even know what those extremes are
       | tend to be high IQ. It could still be true that self selecting
       | into these beliefs conditional on knowing they exist predicts
       | lower IQ.
       | 
       | E.g, people who knows what ararcho-syndicalism is have a mean IQ
       | of 125. People who believe it's a good idea are a subset of this
       | group with an IQ of 115. So it appears that the belief predicts
       | IQ but it's actually the knowledge that it's even an option.
        
         | openfuture wrote:
         | My hot take is that people who believe in IQ have low IQ.
        
           | JamesBarney wrote:
           | What does it mean to not believe in IQ?
           | 
           | Does that mean these high IQ people don't think IQ exists. It
           | obviously exists. It's a real measure that people use.
           | 
           | It's not like midichlorian count which is a measure from
           | Starwars. Which doesn't exist because it only exists in the
           | movies and doesn't measure something real (the force).
        
             | altruios wrote:
             | I would say (it has been a while), the common complaint
             | that I've heard is the tests for IQ are not standardized -
             | there are a million snake-oil pitches for free and paid
             | online IQ tests - or that the real tests have a bunch of
             | cultural bias that might skew the results... Or that IQ is
             | inadequate as a measure of general intelligence (if IQ
             | measures pattern matching effectively and it misses other
             | kinds of reasoning entirely)...
             | 
             | lots of complaints I've heard - can't say one way or the
             | other if there is any salt to them.
             | 
             | I haven't heard the complaint before that IQ is imaginary,
             | that's a new one... I think through reading the exchange I
             | see where the semantics shifted between people's thoughts,
             | I doubt that's what the the poster above you meant - likely
             | they meant a combination of the many complaints to dismiss
             | the general usefulness of IQ tests as a predictor of
             | intelligence.
        
               | solveit wrote:
               | That sounds like a complaint that online IQ tests are
               | bad, which is obviously correct but also not really
               | relevant to IQ as studied in psychometrics.
               | 
               | The complaints I hear about IQ are completely opposite!
               | People dislike standardized exams, including IQ tests,
               | _because_ of their standardization! That is, the need to
               | assess everyone the same way precludes assessment
               | specific to the individual being assessed. Detractors of
               | IQ, insofar as they would like assessment at all, would
               | prefer a more holistic procedure where the
               | characteristics and capabilities of the assessee are
               | analysed with due attention paid to the specific life
               | history of said assessee.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | There are certainly a lot of valid complaints about IQ.
               | The lack of standardization is obviously a problem, and
               | the cultural understanding of it is severely lacking. But
               | study after study have shown that IQ is highly correlated
               | with financial success, and at this point the confounders
               | have been controlled well enough to say it's hard for me
               | to deny that pattern recognition, which is what well made
               | iq tests measure, is a cause of success.
        
         | kiliantics wrote:
         | Yeah but Noam Chomsky thinks anarcho-syndicalism is a good idea
         | so it's clearly the superior choice of the true intellectual :p
         | 
         | and if that's not convincing enough, how about Alexander
         | Grothendieck
        
         | thwayunion wrote:
         | This is a good point.
         | 
         | Additionally, IQ measures a very specific type of cognitive
         | ability. I am not so sure that those cognitive abilities are
         | perfectly correlated with the sort of social and emotional
         | intelligence required to assess the likely effectiveness of a
         | political system.
        
           | solveit wrote:
           | If only there were half a century of research into exactly
           | what IQ does and doesn't correlate with! Anyhow, my lukewarm
           | take is that no level of "social and emotional intelligence"
           | will allow you to assess the likely effectiveness of a
           | political system, because why in the world would the built-in
           | intelligence for interacting with a couple of hundred people
           | be any good at predicting the aggregate behaviour of billions
           | of people.
           | 
           | Instead, we have more general problem-solving skills that
           | allowed us to develop things like statistics and economics
           | and political theory. I leave it to the reader to determine
           | how much social and emotional intelligence is required to
           | excel at those. (As opposed to the _merely_ analytical
           | intelligence that IQ measures, I suppose. I have yet to see a
           | definition of social /emotional intelligence that is coherent
           | enough to be measured, and also actually meaningfully exists
           | when measured.)
        
         | lliamander wrote:
         | I think there's also a (small) correlation between IQ the
         | personality trait of "intellect", a sub-trait of openness that
         | measures not so much how smart you are, but rather how
         | interested you are in intellectual pursuits.
         | 
         | My guess is that people who score higher on "intellect" are
         | more likely the kind of people who "take ideas seriously". That
         | is, they tend to follow ideas to their logical conclusions.
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | I suspect this isn't limited to economic attitude. Intelligence
       | is likely associated all over the place to having strong opinions
       | about things in every which way.
       | 
       | > Conservative economic attitudes have been theorized as symptoms
       | of low cognitive ability.
       | 
       | This has to be the most formalized way of saying "only dumb
       | people could be conservatives".
        
         | mountainriver wrote:
         | Eh strong opinions are usually morally based, and have little
         | to do with intelligence.
        
       | scarmig wrote:
       | People like the sense that their views are coherent. Intelligent
       | people are more likely to see how their point of view is
       | incoherent. So they adopt points of view that are more coherent.
       | Our world, both in its material basis and the ideology
       | under/overlying it, is a messy hodgepodge, so those points of
       | view tend to be radical i.e. a rejection of the existing basis of
       | the world.
        
         | wutbrodo wrote:
         | Yea, related effects are well-established in politics: "elite"
         | voters (esp as measured by education) are more coherent and
         | thus more extremist, while the average voter is all over the
         | map because they're not as interested in (or capable of?)
         | having a coherent model of reality.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Or they are less willing to mutilate reality in order to try
           | to make it fit within some
           | intellectual/philosophical/political system.
           | 
           | And the more radical the system is, the more it mutilates
           | reality in order to try to make it fit within the system.
        
         | jackmott42 wrote:
         | Or they just pick the view that benefits them, with no regard
         | to how it affects others. Smart people definitely do better in
         | a fuck you got mine economy than dumb people.
        
           | openfuture wrote:
           | Or they pick the view that benefits everybody but nobody
           | wants that because they are busy exploiting something that
           | gives them relative advantage and don't see how they would be
           | better off if they would have less relative advantage but
           | better commons. Smart people have historically often been
           | left destitute for their convictions.
        
       | tbrownaw wrote:
       | Hubris, the third great virtue.
       | 
       | The more you're confident in your own ability to figure things
       | out, the less you need to seek out an established consensus to
       | follow.
       | 
       | Sometimes it'll work, sometimes it won't, but hopefully on net it
       | works more than it doesn't.
        
       | fallingfrog wrote:
       | The way they are interpreting their data here is highly suspect.
       | First off, the data points are pretty much in a circular cloud,
       | and so the association must be super weak.
       | 
       | What bothers me even more is the way they arbitrarily divided the
       | top and bottom halves of their data set into two separate data
       | sets. This is highly unusual. Doesn't the way you draw the line
       | introduce some kind of bias?
       | 
       | I think you cannot draw any concrete conclusions from this data.
        
       | clairity wrote:
       | anything that starts off with "left" and "right" as an underlying
       | political model is already hopelessly lost in poor thinking. this
       | particular model is especially prone to tautological "evidence"
       | of its own potency but it's simply uncovering a bias embedded in
       | its own premises. start with a more realistic multidimensional
       | model of political space and then maybe we can have productive
       | conversations about things like intelligence and economic
       | attitudes.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | > tautological "evidence"
         | 
         | Do you (or anyone else) have any idea if this is a formal term
         | in any discipline, or did you come upon it on your own? I
         | notice people engaging in this _all the time_ in arguments, and
         | having thought about it a fair amount I think it is almost
         | impossible to avoid doing unless one is paying _extremely_
         | close attention to their word choice, as typically (~only)
         | happens during technical discussions.
         | 
         | > start with a more realistic multidimensional model of
         | political space
         | 
         | This seems like a good idea... But how might one go about doing
         | it?
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | "tautological" comes generally from logical reasoning as a
           | field (in which i have interest but no formal training). is
           | that what you're asking? it's "circular reasoning": a
           | (usually hidden) premise comes around to "prove" the causal
           | chain, which means it's not really proven at all, but merely
           | reasserted. it's a pretty common logical mistake to fall for,
           | because it's hard to detect without that close reading (the
           | platitude that "falsehoods can travel the world before truth
           | has had breakfast" comes to mind here as well).
           | 
           | i think political scientists do research the
           | multidimensionality of issues all the time. it's just that
           | politicization (as in partisan politics) wants to collapse
           | the problem space into memes that can lodge in people's
           | brains without further thinking, and simpler (binary) memes
           | are more easily remembered and propagated. in any case, the
           | standard remedies certainly include voting reform (to lessen
           | the incentive towards this binary collapse), parliametary
           | systems (accommodating multiparty coalition-building),
           | federalism (smaller governments are more responsive to the
           | local populace), direct democracy or finer representation,
           | etc.
        
         | scarmig wrote:
         | Conflict tends toward dualism, and politics is inherently about
         | conflict. The space of possible positions is indeed very wide
         | and multidimensional, but the process of effective contention
         | and coalition building drives everything into two sides. Actors
         | who don't want to do this can avoid falling into that binary,
         | but they're also then less engaging in politics than
         | philosophy.
        
           | thwayunion wrote:
           | _> the process of effective contention and coalition building
           | drives everything into two sides._
           | 
           | This doesn't seem right.
           | 
           | First, there are a lot of political systems with more than
           | one "side", and in which coalitions are at least somewhat
           | fluid. This is even true in the United States; if you have
           | ever served on a board that proposes a bond issue or tax
           | increase, you know that that coalitions are quite local and
           | easy to fragment (need to build a new school on the south
           | side, but the north side has lots of tax hawks? Include a new
           | football stadium on the north side as part of the issue).
           | 
           | Second, think about conflict outside of politics. There is a
           | lot of conflict in markets, for example, but most markets do
           | not tend toward duopoly.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | "drives everything into two sides."
           | 
           | Mostly true for political systems that are set up as dual
           | parties. Turns out if you have a system that encourages a
           | more open political ecosystem, there are more "sides" that
           | people can end up on.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I was stuck in between 5 groups all arguing over a data
           | interchange format. Several groups insisted that the system
           | should categorically not be allowed to support some of the
           | business cases of the people they either got information from
           | or gave it to. I still don't understand how they thought
           | having the whole project fail was going to get them whatever
           | status they were looking for.
           | 
           | I got real fond of saying, "compromise means everybody is
           | equally unhappy with the solution" and giving them solutions
           | that worked but often took each of them a couple extra lines
           | of code. Helping them figure out what those lines were
           | smoothed some feathers, but I don't think any of those people
           | were comfortable unless at least a couple feathers were out
           | of place. It's weird when people 10 years older than you are
           | acting like babies. It's not like 'mature' is the first
           | adjective people would use to describe me at that time. When
           | you don't want to be the adult in the room, it's all the more
           | annoying when you have to be.
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | no, that's _post hoc_ rationalization. the world is more
           | complex than 2 points on a line, always. sure, our brains
           | like 2-dimensions the best, because they 're easier to reason
           | about, but there's no law that says that that simple
           | reasoning translates into either an accurate read of a given
           | situation, or an accurate prediction about the future (which
           | is what we want models to do).
           | 
           | that's why starting with the "political spectrum" is bound to
           | give you false information. it compresses too much of the
           | complexity down into a simple model that doesn't predict the
           | world in any meaningful way. it may aid conflict, but that's
           | exactly the trouble: couching sociopolitical challenges
           | purely in terms of conflict itself perpetuates, rather than
           | helps to solve, problems.
           | 
           | and as others have noted, you can just as easily have
           | multiple political coalitions coming together to solve
           | problems without devolving into dualism. humans prefer but
           | don't require binary political stances as you're asserting.
           | moreover, even binary issues won't all fall neatly into a
           | single left-right spectrum without active coercion (which is
           | most of what we see in mediopolitical theater).
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lliamander wrote:
       | > While this reveals motives such as malicious envy accounting
       | for around half of support for redistribution (Lin & Bates, 2021;
       | Lin & Bates, 2022; Sznycer et al., 2017)
       | 
       | Holy smokes, _half_? I 'll admit this is something that appeals
       | to my biases, but that seems like a rather significant finding
       | (if true)
        
       | robertk wrote:
       | Edge tails of high variance inputs lead to very different values
       | of the computational outputs of thought derived from those
       | inputs, news at 11.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Intelligence isn't knowledge. Wisdom is the combination of
       | intelligence with knowledge.
        
         | lliamander wrote:
         | I agree that intelligence and knowledge are not the same, but I
         | would say that wisdom is more than just the sum of the other
         | two.
         | 
         | The way I see it:
         | 
         | 1. Intelligence is how fast you can go
         | 
         | 2. Knowledge is where you start from
         | 
         | 3. Wisdom (or "perspective" as Alan Kay would say) is the
         | direction you are going.
         | 
         | If we think of intellectual activity as searching on the
         | terrain of ideas for truth, knowledge and intelligence can both
         | help you get to the truth faster, but ultimately what matters
         | most is whether you are pointed in the right direction.
        
       | bediger4000 wrote:
       | If true, this would explain tensions here on HN when discussion
       | of economic issues happens. HN readers are self selected high
       | cognitive ability people.
        
         | mjreacher wrote:
         | Well that's what we would like to think of ourselves.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | That's covered by "self-selected."
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | Self-identified seems more fitting?
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | HN is maybe 1.5 standard deviations above mean, which is a very
         | dangerous place to be.
        
         | antegamisou wrote:
         | > HN readers are self selected high cognitive ability people.
         | 
         | Tech literate maybe, but if we judge from the deplorable
         | quality content of the front page the past 1.5 year...
         | 
         | Unless editorialized titles and 2500-word essays on CRUD are
         | what high cognitive ability people are into now!
         | 
         | I am aware there are exceptions to this, which is the reason I
         | joined the site, but I've become disappointed over time to see
         | that they are indeed a minority.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | nh23423fefe wrote:
         | Do people of average intelligence even have views? Can you
         | really be said to hold a view that you can't even evangelize.
         | 
         | Lots of people hold a view like, "my body my choice" or "its
         | actually just murder" but they couldn't even get the next
         | sentence out when prodded.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > Can you really be said to hold a view that you can't even
           | evangelize.
           | 
           | Yeah, most definitely, I realise as I get older (I'm in my
           | early 40s now) that life is quite complicated and there's
           | almost no "evangelical"-like truth to it. Especially not when
           | it comes to economics, that's for sure.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | This view is actually very narrow-minded, much more than
           | simply having views you aren't able to deftly articulate or
           | defend against a dedicated opponent. It compresses an
           | absolutely huge realm of human experience (believing
           | things???) into a very small one (arguing about them on the
           | internet), and then tries to judo it so the first doesn't
           | matter unless you can ably commit to the second. Tragic
           | reduction of your world here.
           | 
           | This is such a content-lite view of intelligence it's
           | embarrassing to even take it seriously. It really comes
           | across that you consider intelligence a virtue and it just
           | isn't. You probably have a lot to learn from "people of
           | average intelligence" about actual virtues like obligation
           | and responsibility, commitment, compassion, understanding,
           | and growth. We aren't lesser than you and I'd take a "average
           | intelligence" person over this sort of smart ass shit as my
           | teammate, business partner, lover, or friend in a second.
        
             | mistermann wrote:
             | Is this to say that the proposition has no truth or
             | validity to it, that there are not people who hold
             | extremely confident opinions on certain matters _but are
             | literally not able_ to accurately substantiate their claims
             | in detail in a logically consistent manner given sufficient
             | time?
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | The idea that beliefs are only valid _if you are able to
               | adequately articulate them to the standards set by
               | someone else_ is invalid, yes.
        
               | mistermann wrote:
               | I see you answered a question other than the one that was
               | asked.
               | 
               | Would you mind answering the one that was asked?
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I'm not taking either side of this argument. I just want
               | to say that I found your question to be incomprehensible.
               | I can't blame giraffe_lady for not answering it; I
               | couldn't, because I can't tell what you're asking.
        
             | andreilys wrote:
             | I think they're referring to the NPC programming that
             | people receive through media/authority figures, and only
             | have those views because "my fellow tribe member on Fox
             | News/CNN said so"
             | 
             | You can't really blame them though, the average person
             | simply doesn't have the time to be well researched on a
             | given topic, and so are going to default to tribal thinking
             | that when you poke at, falls apart.
             | 
             | It has nothing to do with inability to articulate their
             | position, and everything to do with the fact that there
             | simply isn't enough time for most people to become well
             | informed on a given topic.
        
               | abeppu wrote:
               | > You can't really blame them though, the average person
               | simply doesn't have the time to be well researched on a
               | given topic
               | 
               | Sure, we can't all be well researched on most topics.
               | 
               | But we can learn to have better BS detectors. We can
               | learn to identify bad arguments. We can learn to question
               | the incentives of people arguing on cable TV. We can
               | learn to be skeptical of claims without evidence, and to
               | understand the kinds of caveats that accompany various
               | kinds of evidence.
               | 
               | These can separate the critical thinker who, after
               | watching a TV news segment isn't sure what's true but has
               | some pointed questions, and an uncritical viewer who
               | believes new claims made by whichever talking head they
               | already agreed with.
        
       | cardanome wrote:
       | They have not controlled for the most obvious variable: class.
       | 
       | Obviously higher class individuals would score higher on their
       | intelligence test having received better education
       | 
       | It should not surprise anyone that people higher up the class
       | hierarchy have more moderate, centrist views while those that are
       | struggling and for which radical change is an objective need
       | because the current system is not working for them, embrace
       | radicalism.
        
         | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
        
         | dllthomas wrote:
         | Then you should be _very_ surprised that they seem to have
         | found higher test scores implying more demand for change.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | They show correlations between household income and their other
         | measures in study 2 (significant positive correlation with
         | conservatism, insignificant positive correlation with
         | extremism), and between income at 2 ages in study 3 (in both
         | cases there was significant relationship to conservatism and a
         | weaker significant relationship to extremism).
         | 
         | I think it's more interesting that they focus on finding their
         | one relationship (between intelligence and extremism) and don't
         | really unpack the relative sizes to other correlations in their
         | own studies. E.g. the link between intelligence and extremism
         | is weaker than the link between intelligence and conservatism
         | (though studies 2 and 3 find _opposite signs_ for this
         | relationship) and is weaker than the link between intelligence
         | and income. So their study is basically consistent with the
         | possibility that some intelligent people earn higher incomes
         | and richer people are likely to be atypically conservative.
        
         | orthecreedence wrote:
         | As I've done better financially in life, I've become _more_
         | radical. I 'm one data point, but my experience contradicts
         | your conclusion.
         | 
         | I think in my case, it was a realization that I'm not working
         | _harder_ than other people or even working things that _matter_
         | more than anybody else (in fact, on the contrary) and that at
         | least 90% of my success can be attributed to luck. So if my
         | success is not due to my deeds but rather a randomized lottery,
         | then there 's no point in preserving the status quo.
         | 
         | And that's _only_ analyzing one aspect: me. There are a lot of
         | other reasons the world should change beyond what benefits just
         | me.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sharadov wrote:
           | Do you work in tech, WFH and make upwards of 200K/year :-)
        
           | seti0Cha wrote:
           | It seems to me you are overgeneralizing from your own case
           | and understating the effects of your choices on the outcome
           | in characterizing success as random. But even if it is
           | random, you should hold out for demonstrably better
           | alternative before giving up on preserving the existing one.
           | There are worse outcomes than randomly distributed success.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | AftHurrahWinch wrote:
         | > They have not controlled for the most obvious variable:
         | class.
         | 
         | What's the distinction you're making between household income
         | and class?
         | 
         | > The hypothesis that the positive association between higher
         | intelligence and economic extremism would be replicated was
         | tested using a linear model with total intelligence score as
         | the independent variable, and economic extremism as the
         | dependent variable, controlling for age, gender, education
         | level, and <<<household income>>>.
        
       | woodruffw wrote:
       | So convenient a thing is it to be a reasonable creature, since it
       | enables one to find or make a reason for every thing one has a
       | mind to do[1].
       | 
       | [1]:
       | http://jjcweb.jjay.cuny.edu/awinson/public_html/eng100-act/e...
        
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