[HN Gopher] Blue gold turned into sand: will the waters return t...
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       Blue gold turned into sand: will the waters return to the Aral Sea?
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 35 points
       Date   : 2022-09-19 09:37 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theperspective.se)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theperspective.se)
        
       | lordgrenville wrote:
       | How feasible is it to restore the whole thing to pre-1960 levels?
       | If they stopped cotton farming and opened up the dams, would the
       | ecosystem naturally heal?
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | What is your timeline?
         | 
         | It took a couple of generations for the lake to get in this
         | poor condition. It will likely take at least that long for it
         | to be restored since the area has become more arid.
         | 
         | If left totally alone with all natural flows enabled it will
         | eventually fill. That assumes that water is not used for
         | irrigation along the way. If you allow continued irrigation of
         | thirst crops then your recovery is delayed or disabled.
         | 
         | The countries that share responsibility for the health of this
         | lake need to work together to design a long-term regional plan.
         | This will probably put a lot of families who depend on
         | agriculture out of work and displace them.
         | 
         | In the long term though it will allow fishermen the opportunity
         | to return to an active fishery that supplies healthy food
         | options for local consumption or for export.
         | 
         | Solving the issue of accumulated soil contaminants could partly
         | be handled in stages using plant filters along the lake edge as
         | the lake level rises slowly. Managing contaminants in
         | agricultural areas where runoff feeds the lake could also be
         | accomplished in stages by alternating swaths of plants that
         | sequester contaminants with other agricultural crops so that
         | over the region, all the land has a remediating crop at least
         | once a year.
         | 
         | Maybe? I don't know. It will take a while no matter how you do
         | it.
        
         | gedy wrote:
         | From the article it sounds like the countries talk around that
         | by "bringing life back", etc but not stopping the agriculture.
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | This story would be more balanced if they also included pictures
       | of all the land irrigated by draining the Aral Sea. By only
       | showing one side, it makes it look like there are no tradeoffs to
       | refilling it.
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | Reading the post on the Scottish island of Gruinard, led to me
       | finding out about the Soviet bio-weapons site of Aralsk 7 which
       | was similarly built on an island for isolation, only the Aral Sea
       | which surrounded the island has since shrunk hugely:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozrozhdeniya_Island
        
         | raxxorraxor wrote:
         | He, didn't work out that well. I was actually surprised that
         | some eastern parts of the sea reflooded in recent years. But
         | considering the short amount of time where the water vanished I
         | doubt there is much hope. I believe the pollution is also
         | considerable, with or without soviet bio weapons.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | The pollution seems like a bigger problem all around.
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
       | They could float solar on it to cut the evaporation rate,
       | presuming there is anything to float on.
       | 
       | Same for the Great Salt Lake in Utah. As it is they are panicking
       | about the arsenic dust that will be blown over the city from the
       | dry lake bed.
        
         | Tangurena2 wrote:
         | The governor of Utah has a large farm growing alfalfa. This
         | crop requires large amounts of water, much of which is
         | exported. 82% of the water used in Utah goes to agriculture. So
         | rather than reducing his own water consumption, he's been on TV
         | telling Utahns to "pray for rain" - so his personal crop won't
         | fail.
         | 
         | Western _water use_ and _water rights_ are broken. They can 't
         | be fixed as long as they are massive welfare projects. The book
         | _Cadillac Desert_ covers the history and politics of why this
         | is so.
        
           | throwawaylinux wrote:
           | The problem in your first paragraph is much broader than
           | water rights. Politicians get money and favors from other
           | people and corporations based on access to the office, they
           | own and trade in shares and a lot of other things.
           | 
           | It's not like the governor would suddenly not be lobbied by
           | farmers and others interested in water extraction if he
           | didn't own his own farm.
        
           | prottog wrote:
           | > Western water use and water rights are broken. They can't
           | be fixed as long as they are massive welfare projects.
           | 
           | Absolutely! There is a government-imposed ceiling on the
           | price of water in the West, way below what the market would
           | bear. No wonder the Colorado hasn't reached the ocean in
           | years.
        
           | allemagne wrote:
           | In my understanding, it's all true that:
           | 
           | - Alfalfa is an especially water-thirsty crop
           | 
           | - The vast majority of Utah's water goes to agriculture
           | 
           | - The Great Salt Lake is rapidly diminishing, endangering
           | over 2.7 million people
           | 
           | - The Cox family owns an alfalfa farm in Fairview
           | 
           | - Cox told Utahns to "pray for rain":
           | https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2021/06/03/gov-
           | spencer-...
           | 
           | - Cox has come out against water cuts to agriculture:
           | https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/07/16/cox-says-its-
           | ignorant...
           | 
           | To me this makes it clear that the governor probably has a
           | conflict of interest to some degree when it comes to water
           | conservation and it's good that it's being called out.
           | 
           | However:
           | 
           | - He has described his farm as "small" in the past. Is he
           | just lying/being misleading? I can't really find anything
           | written about this. How much of a financial incentive does he
           | have personally tied into keeping this farm running?
           | 
           | - My guess is it's probably _not_ worth giving him the
           | benefit of the doubt here, but I can 't find whether or not
           | his farm is held in any kind of trust or whether he is the
           | sole or partial owner of it.
           | 
           | - Utah has several watersheds that don't feed into the GSL:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Great_Basin_watersheds
           | as well as a significant portion that drains into the
           | Colorado River. Is water usage for the GSL watershed more or
           | less geared towards agriculture?
           | 
           | - Fairview is in the Sevier Lake endorheic watershed, which
           | makes it seem like at least his farm is not directly related
           | to the GSL crisis (which often seems to be an implication).
           | 
           | - Agriculture using far more water than urban use is not
           | uncommon at all, in and outside of the Western US
           | 
           | - How much desert agriculture is ultimately acceptable in
           | order to save the GSL and effectively conserve for the
           | ongoing megadrought? How close are we really to that number?
           | How many small towns would be made infeasible without the
           | income from farming? Zero? 100,000 people?
           | 
           | This narrative about Cox as a kind of alfalfa magnate who
           | stands in the way of water rights seems to be coagulating
           | quite a bit, but I honestly don't know whether it's a useful
           | heuristic to understanding the dynamics at play or a
           | misleading oversimplification. Even outside of what could
           | very well be a huge gubernatorial scandal happening in slow
           | motion, the entire subject of water usage in Utah seems
           | totally underdiscussed. Local news outlets seem to mostly
           | stay above surface level and entirely cleave either to this
           | mostly urban and left-of-center narrative or the farmer's
           | perspective.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Amounts matter, 82% of water use being for agriculture is
             | unusual. Farms near me generally don't have irrigation
             | systems for crops because rainfall is enough.
             | 
             | US water rights sit outside the free market and result in
             | exactly the inefficiency you might expect.
        
           | doodlebugging wrote:
           | It reminds me that back in 1983 they had sandbags running
           | down streets directing floodwater into the lake and the lake
           | level was rising so fast that there were crews working 24
           | hours a day to keep raising the dam so that the interstate
           | highway didn't flood. The Union Pacific Railroad has a track
           | that crosses part of the lake and they raised the track bed
           | several times during that flood episode.
           | 
           | I have photos I took of machinery hauling rock and materials
           | from the interstate which was about 25 feet lower than the
           | lake surface at the time.
           | 
           | I have wondered why, instead of fighting to hold the lake off
           | of the interstate, didn't they just let it go off across the
           | salt flats while they built an elevated interstate highway
           | section similar to that across Lake Pontchartrain.
           | 
           | The level of the lake would've been lower though the
           | shoreline and surface extents of the lake would be much
           | larger. By continuously raising the dam level they forced the
           | water level higher in the populated area and flooded many
           | shoreline attractions.
           | 
           | It's only water. Just let it go. It'll wash off.
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | A quick Google says the Aral Sea is currently about 170,000
         | km^2 and the largest solar farm is 160km^2.
         | 
         | I think it would be difficult to reduce evaporation that way.
         | 
         | I think the logistical complications of salt water would
         | further impede that approach.
         | 
         | Finally, solar is an industrial technology and would likely
         | have a substantial negative environmental impact on an already
         | compromised set of ecosystems.
         | 
         | But I could be wrong.
        
       | cracrecry wrote:
       | That is a global problem.
       | 
       | The US did the same with its rivers, just look at the Colorado.
       | But thanks to that the US can eat, from food produced in places
       | like California.
       | 
       | In the future it will be possible to grow food using ten to one
       | hundred times less water with technologies like vertical farming
       | and cellular cultures that grow cotton and other textiles
       | directly. But right now we can't.
        
         | As_You_Wish wrote:
         | https://duckduckgo.com/?q=why+aren%27t+vertical+farms+being+...
        
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       (page generated 2022-09-19 23:01 UTC)