[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Why is everything a SaaS product?
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       Ask HN: Why is everything a SaaS product?
        
       I understand the advantages of Saas - transparent updates, cloud
       based, redundancy, subscriptions, scaling, unicorns etc.  Why don't
       we have more businesses following the JetBrains model specially if
       the product is not a service that needs to run 24/7. I buy the
       product once and use it for perpetuity. If I want updates, I pay
       more.  As a consumer, my data does not leave my perimeter, my data
       is not sold or used for ads and I am not hooking into a
       subscription that I am going to forget soon.  1) Personal photos
       and videos backup and viewer. - Just give me a cheap cloud for
       backup and a desktop app for viewing. 2) Personal budget - Just
       give me a desktop app that connects to my different accounts and
       gives me overview.
        
       Author : kevivni
       Score  : 112 points
       Date   : 2022-09-15 18:52 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
       | yodon wrote:
       | Software is sold as SaaS for the same reason games are
       | multiplayer. Both are driven by the need to stop your app from
       | being pirated. The recurring revenue piece is just a side effect
       | of adopting the only effective anti-piracy mechanism ever
       | developed.
       | 
       | If all the code runs on the user's laptop, it doesn't matter
       | whether it's a game or a productivity app and it doesn't matter
       | whether it's cheap or expensive, it will be cracked and it will
       | be pirated.
       | 
       | If a critical piece of the product runs on a server that you the
       | business founder own, whether that's multiplayer lobbying or MMO
       | sharding or some key part of your productivity app (like data
       | storage or whatever), piracy ceases to be a crippling problem for
       | your business and becomes a non-issue. You also have the
       | opportunity to get a recurring revenue stream rather than a
       | single payment, which is generally preferable for the business
       | (and better aligned with the fact that you do now have monthly
       | per-user costs because you're hosting part of the app on your
       | servers).
       | 
       | As a data point to back up the importance of piracy in the
       | equation, look at the distribution of start dates for successful
       | software companies. There were lots of successful software
       | companies started in the 80's and early 90's, but almost no
       | successful software companies were started between 1995 (when the
       | first web browsers made piracy easy for the first time because
       | you didn't have to physically know someone with a physical copy
       | of the cracked software, you could download the crack from anyone
       | anywhere) and 2006 (when Salesforce.com showed the world what the
       | games industry had already figured out, which is that hosting
       | part of your app on your own server is a great way to stop piracy
       | and get recurring revenues).
       | 
       | Once Salesforce.com showed the industry that "SaaS" works, all of
       | a sudden people could start launching tons of profitable software
       | companies again. Can you find a successful software company
       | started during those dark ages of 1995-2006, of course you can,
       | these are trends not absolutes. Was it far harder to be a
       | software company in those dark days? Absolutely. That's why we
       | have SaaS today and that's why SaaS is here to stay.
        
         | debevv wrote:
         | Has piracy really ever been a crippling problem for any
         | business?
        
           | cookiengineer wrote:
           | Just read up on the famous game dev tycoon mechanism, where
           | the gamedev (player) goes broke with his company due to too
           | much piracy.
           | 
           | 97% of players played the cracked game that the publisher
           | seeded on purpose via piratebay and other trackers.
           | 
           | They thousands of forum posts after this because pirates
           | weren't able to realize that this was a copy protection
           | mechanism.
           | 
           | So yeah, I'd argue that piracy is a huge problem.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Yes
           | 
           | https://irdeto.com/news/game-piracy-results-in-
           | over-21-milli...
        
             | xtracto wrote:
             | Mhmm, that's an anti-piracy PR blurb from an "anti-piracy"
             | service selling site. Not sure it is the most unbiased
             | source... I think it has been demonstrated elsewhere that 1
             | pirated download does not equate to 1 lost sale.
             | 
             | Where I live (Mexico) I know so many people that have
             | pirated Adobe, Microsoft apps and plenty of games, who
             | there is NO WAY they would have bought the software if they
             | hadn't been able to pirate it.
        
       | hkon wrote:
       | Money
        
       | Evan_Hellmuth wrote:
       | Better business model (definitely for business owner, arguably
       | for customers)
        
       | 0xbadc0de5 wrote:
       | As others have said - recurring revenue models are easier to
       | structure businesses around. It makes business planning and
       | employing people easier. It also makes VC funding easier because
       | the books are more consistent and easier to understand.
       | 
       | It may or may not be what best serves the customer or represent
       | consumer preferences, but it is (increasingly) how things are
       | done in order for a business to compete (or exist).
        
       | smt88 wrote:
       | Jetbrains can offer a perpetual license[1] in theory because old
       | versions don't continue getting updates. They spend (relatively)
       | little on "supporting" old versions -- mostly just the cost of
       | the download servers.
       | 
       | The two use cases you described don't work that way. Both of them
       | have cloud components, which means they need frequent security
       | patches, and they likely also need bug fixes and other updates.
       | 
       | "Connects to my different accounts" by itself is a huge
       | undertaking that most people outsource to Plaid or a similar
       | vendor.
       | 
       | So to answer your question: a lot (not all, but most) SaaS
       | products are services because they _are_ services. They are
       | updated incessantly by developers and have rolling updates.
       | 
       | 1. https://sales.jetbrains.com/hc/en-
       | gb/articles/207240845-What...
        
         | brianwawok wrote:
         | To me, the keep your old version forever was a thing Jetbrain
         | did to "soften" the blow when going from buy once, use
         | forever.. to buy every single month.
         | 
         | Still, one of the most valuable softwares I pay for.
        
           | that_guy_iain wrote:
           | A lot of people really didn't like the fact they were going
           | from having a perpetual license to having a subscription. The
           | reality is, the way it worked out is basically the same as
           | before but I could pay monthly. Since I paid for my own
           | license instead of allowing an employer to buy it (so I could
           | get IntelliJ for all languages instead of getting a language
           | specific version) that was nicer.
        
       | bitL wrote:
       | JetBrains tried to switch to the usual subscription model when
       | they got new management and due to a massive backlash they ended
       | up with a gobbled subscription similar to their superior previous
       | licensing model.
        
       | that_guy_iain wrote:
       | 1. Easier to manage updates. If you control the service you can
       | ensure it's up to date. If everyone is using their own version
       | you have to deal with bug reports for bugs that have been fixed.
       | 
       | 2. As many point out, subscriptions are best for a business
       | because it's recurring revenue and you can grow. One off sales
       | makes this harder.
       | 
       | 3. The Jetbrains model is basically subscription model now. They
       | only allowed you to have perpetual license because of backlash.
       | However, I liked their approach of you can have a peretual
       | license for the version that was available 12-months before your
       | subscription ended. It's what I'm going to be using with my
       | product with a slight modification.
       | 
       | 4. As you point out, you're likely to forget about a subscription
       | therefore the company makes money while basically providing
       | nothing.
       | 
       | 5. Overall, the problem is that everyone is accepting the current
       | setup and paying for subscriptions instead of buying things so
       | more companies are getting in on the gig.
        
         | kevivni wrote:
         | OP here: Those are fair points.
         | 
         | I get it from the business' perspective and also from a
         | software developer's perspective.
         | 
         | Its unfortunate that there is so little option for a consumer
         | here when they are just wanting to just simplify their lives
         | without sharing their personal data and/or subscribing to a
         | service.
        
           | emaginniss wrote:
           | You claim that the consumer has it better with the desktop
           | app, but you're ignoring the number of people who want quick
           | access to their photos or finances from their mobile device,
           | or from the computer at their friend's house when their
           | computer dies. SaaS also implies universal access to a
           | system.
        
           | whiplash451 wrote:
           | Technically speaking, you could totally imagine a SaaS
           | software that does not require you sharing your data. These
           | two things are fairly orthogonal.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | How so? At the very least, you need to have some sort of
             | payment method on file with the company.
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | I wonder why SaaS has not spilled over to other businesses, ie.
       | food as a service, car as a service, fridge as a service etc. It
       | exists in some cases, but it s not popular
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | "Car as a service" is really popular, usually in the form of
         | leasing. You can own the car at the end, but many people
         | replace it with a new car after the period ends as there are
         | incentives to do so.
         | 
         | "Food as a service" is called restaurants. But even for
         | groceries, this is by nature a recurring business. They don't
         | need you to sign a contract, they know you will come back if
         | you want to stay alive, they have loyalty cards though.
         | 
         | I never heard of "fridge as a service", or any home appliance
         | for that matter. But it was popular for a times with phones:
         | subsidized phones are essentially that. You pay your phone with
         | your subscription, and after some time (often 2 years), you get
         | a new phone, you got to keep the old one though.
         | 
         | The new thing is recorded entertainment. Streaming services
         | have took over music and video. Video games are a mixed bag,
         | but we are starting to see "all games" subscriptions. Books are
         | stubbornly sold on a "per item, keep forever" basis for some
         | reason though, even on Kindle, which is ironic since "books as
         | a service" have been a thing since the early days of
         | civilization, in the form of libraries.
         | 
         | Thinking of it "buy once, keep forever" is not that common. I
         | just took a look at my bank account and most of my payments are
         | services and/or recurring: utilities, gas, groceries (most of
         | it made up of repeat purchases), subscriptions, taxes,... And
         | usually, when I can buy something forever, I take that option,
         | and I pay cash.
        
         | sbuk wrote:
         | Food as a service?
         | 
         | hellofresh.com
         | 
         | Car as a service?
         | 
         | zipcar.com
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | you just described Rent-a-center, and they've been around for
         | awhile.
        
         | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
         | Well, you can rent appliances and cars and there are services
         | that will cook and deliver food for you for a monthly fee.
         | 
         | So yeah. All those things are available on-demand or as
         | recurring service.
        
         | MangoCoffee wrote:
         | SaaS business model is nothing new. it just another form of
         | contract.
         | 
         | my employer is in utility management/service. they sign yearly
         | contract with city and MUDs.
         | 
         | i don't see the difference between monthly fee (contract) and
         | yearly/multiple years.
        
         | didibus wrote:
         | It has.
         | 
         | I'm subscribed to a weekly milk and veggie delivery.
         | 
         | Car leases for rentals has been a thing for decades.
         | 
         | Ok I can't think of fridge as a service... But what about
         | extended warranty plans and servicing?
        
         | Bilal_io wrote:
         | I think you're looking at it backwards, other stuff as a
         | service is the OG, and SaaS is the relatively new thing.
         | 
         | Food as a Service: Restaurants, Cafes, Uber eats, Door dash,
         | and other services that rich people use where they order food
         | to be made and delivered by a private kitchen (not an open
         | restaurant)
         | 
         | Car as a Service: Taxis, Yellow Cab, Uber, Lyft, car rentals,
         | and car leasing
         | 
         | Fridge as a Service: there are stores that would rent you a
         | fridge, it's not as common, as most rental places come with
         | fridges, but I've seen many in Houston without. I've also seen
         | Laundry machine and Dryer rentals
         | 
         | [Anything] as a Service: they exist, but not common or unknown
         | to people like you and me. For example there are dog walking
         | services. Another one that appeared in the past decade is
         | related to clothing where you get a box every month that
         | contains some clothing articles, or others that would assign a
         | personal stylist to help you shop for clothes... Etc
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | car leasing is a subscription payment, everything else isn't
        
             | Bilal_io wrote:
             | Not sure I agree. They're services. Uber is a car as a
             | service. You don't pay monthly, but you use it as a
             | service.
             | 
             | I don't pay a subscription for Gmail or their productivity
             | suite, but those are SaaS.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | seydor wrote:
               | I mean saas as subscription, i don't think it's
               | applicable otherwise. E.g. hotels are not a service as
               | are not airplanes. Neither is uber, you buy itemized
               | rides from individual riders, the fact that uber mediates
               | it doesnt make it a xaas. Otherwise, every grocery store
               | would be a xaas
        
         | umeshunni wrote:
         | Housing as a service has been around for 1000s of years
        
           | seydor wrote:
           | Yeah that is very old. i am wondering, if XaaS was so
           | successful for software, why havent we seen other kinds of
           | products turning to subscription-based. Some companies are
           | trying to make car seats-as-a-service but that s just
           | ridiculous
        
         | 7speter wrote:
         | Isnt bmw offering monthly subscriptions for extra car options?
        
       | candiddevmike wrote:
       | As someone who built a SaaS for your 2nd use case (Homechart:
       | https://homechart.app, lifetime license available!), the real
       | reason is any kind of software that integrates with other things
       | has an ongoing maintenance cost that needs to be paid by all of
       | the users to keep it working. Like connecting to your bank
       | accounts, that's not a one and done thing typically.
        
       | streetcat1 wrote:
       | Jet brain moved to subscription first.
       | 
       | The reason is that you do not want to start over each month sales
       | wise.
       | 
       | Again, as a consumer you can "consume" what is offered in the
       | market.
       | 
       | I.e. if you have an option to not buy, the seller has the option
       | to maximize its profit.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > Jet brain moved to subscription first.
         | 
         | This is why I stopped using their software.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | "You will own nothing, and be happy."
       | 
       | I don't know about the second part, but they sure are trying to
       | push the first. As many others here have noted, the reason is
       | money, or more precisely, greed and control.
        
       | philippejara wrote:
       | Because people pay for it and companies like money, it's a bit of
       | a dismissive answer but it's just what it is really.
        
       | skadamat wrote:
       | 1. Recurring Revenue
       | 
       | In some sense, every business dreams of wanting to be a recurring
       | revenue business.
       | 
       | - Gyms want you to pay monthly, and discount annual plans (and
       | sometimes discount again if you try to cancel your annual plan)
       | 
       | - Restaurants want you to come frequently, 6th time is a free
       | sandwich or coffee
       | 
       | - Bars want you to come to happy hour, at the same time, every
       | day
       | 
       | - Content creators often have a daily, weekly, biweekly, or
       | monthly cadence
       | 
       | SaaS is all about recurring revenue. In theory, SaaS aligns
       | incentives because you can quit once the product or service
       | deviates from your expectations or no longer serves your needs.
       | Of course, in practice, SaaS companies want to keep the monthly /
       | annual drip coming and may make it hard to export your data or
       | switch providers. Local first software could be one antidote to
       | this (https://www.inkandswitch.com/local-first/) and perhaps
       | there are others.
       | 
       | 2. SaaS loosely resembles old-school semiconductor VC investing
       | 
       | SaaS is similar to old-school tech VC investing because the
       | marginal cost is low but the upfront cost is somewhat high /
       | fixed. A lot of investment houses think in terms of recurring
       | revenue as well (e.g. your mortgage is a monthly payment). So if
       | you want external funding, show a premise of recurring revenue!
        
         | c-linkage wrote:
         | You are correct, but I also hate that "recurring revenue" is
         | the right answer.
         | 
         | Not only does a subscription fee act as a constant resource
         | drain (as opposed to a one-time charge) but it further pushes
         | society into the zone of "you won't own anything and like it".
         | 
         | Human life and the ability to interact with others and our
         | environment should not be reserved to those that can sustain a
         | high velocity of money.
         | 
         | Focusing on a consistent cash flow makes financial management
         | easy but makes everything else suck. It optimizes for the wrong
         | metric.
         | 
         | UPDATE: You can also look at subscription fees as a tax on
         | productivity. If I pay once for Adobe software I can amortize
         | that over the entire time I use it, and eventually the monthly
         | cost will reach nearly zero. With a subscription fee I can
         | never amortize the software, meaning the fee is effectively a
         | tax. And if I stop paying the fee I completely lose my ability
         | to use the product.
        
           | WA wrote:
           | On the other hand, you can regard one-time fees as
           | subscriptions in disguise, because hardly any useful software
           | can be used forever. File formats change, collaboration
           | changes, operating systems change.
           | 
           | Yeah you could run your bought-once MS-DOS accounting
           | software in a VM forever, but most useful software has a
           | clear expiration date, especially if you try to collaborate
           | on data.
        
             | everforward wrote:
             | Subscriptions are almost definitely more profitable.
             | 
             | E.g. Photoshop is now $240/year. The last price I could
             | find for a version you could actually buy was $500.
             | Assuming someone uses it for 4 years (which might be short,
             | the few people I know who use PS latch onto a version for
             | forever), it would be ~$1,000 for a license.
             | 
             | A lot of stuff would be fine for about a decade. That would
             | be ~$2,500 for comparable income.
             | 
             | Subscriptions tend to be dramatically more expensive than
             | buying software was. $5/month over a decade is $600. A lot
             | of stuff wants to charge $5/month for something I wouldn't
             | pay $600 to own for a decade.
        
             | jimmygrapes wrote:
             | I understand this perspective and sometimes I want to agree
             | with it, but it requires some kind of
             | competition/innovation/refinement process to exist. One
             | time purchases means the provider needs to entice you to
             | upgrade one way or the other - compatibility with new
             | formats and paradigms, better X, something. Subscriptions
             | don't have that incentive once they're relatively
             | entrenched as de facto standards. Granted, one time
             | purchases also suffer from hubris at that stage (see
             | unnecessary UX changes to Photoshop, Windows, etc.) but
             | it's more obvious with SaaS due to the sunk cost fallacy.
        
             | josephg wrote:
             | Even knowing that, I much prefer software I buy and own
             | forever. I have too many subscriptions already and I feel
             | icky knowing there's all these leeches draining money
             | automatically from my bank account every month, with not
             | enough visibility.
             | 
             | A few weeks ago I was looking at iPad apps to help me learn
             | piano. They all want a $15/month subscription or something,
             | and I hate it. I know what I'm like - I'll subscribe then
             | forget and end up spending $100 for an app I use twice. I
             | ended up getting an in person music teacher instead. It's
             | more expensive, but it feels better spending the money like
             | that.
             | 
             | Software I buy then own (or even, pay for once a year for
             | updates like Jetbrains) feels better because each renewal
             | feels like an active, conscious choice.
        
               | birdman3131 wrote:
               | I have a file manager for my phone. (File commander) They
               | have a pro version that I would gladly pay for but the
               | only way to get it is as a monthly subscription. So I
               | just don't buy it.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | I would guess that in many cases, you could use it longer
             | than the SaaS would exist.
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | It also puts the burden on the user to remember to cancel
           | things. If I stop using my bike, it just sits in my garage.
           | If I stop using the gym, I keep paying for it until I jump
           | through their hoops and cancel my membership.
        
           | didgetmaster wrote:
           | I actually don't mind subscriptions if they are structured
           | correctly. If I had the choice of buying a software package
           | that I could expect to be useful for 5 years (even good
           | software becomes out-of-date over time) for $100 or paying a
           | $20 yearly subscription; I would rather have the
           | subscription.
           | 
           | The problem is that most vendors want you to pay about half
           | of what a package would normally cost for a perpetual license
           | on a yearly basis. Anything over 2 years becomes more
           | expensive.
        
             | tryptophan wrote:
             | Yeah this. I don't mind SaaS in theory. In practice it is
             | just a more expensive and invasive way of a way to get your
             | software.
             | 
             | Too many apps think 10$/mo is reasonable. Thats 120$ a
             | year. Absurd.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | You would think lump sum is better. Monetizing sooner means you
         | can put that money into other investments sooner that will
         | generate greater return for you overall than having it dripped
         | out to you at a fixed schedule.
        
           | xboxnolifes wrote:
           | In the perfect world where every monthly subscriber would be
           | willing to pay 20-100 times (or more) the amount for a one-
           | time, up-front purchase, sure. But that's not reality.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | No, because the lump sum can't be depended upon, it's
           | unpredictable. Will you have 50 buyers this month or none at
           | all because it's holiday season? Or maybe you'll saturate
           | your market niche. You can't plan anything ahead.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | You can say the same for whether or not you will net a
             | subscriber next month or have cancellations. What I'm
             | saying is that if your license is priced correctly, that
             | revenue the consumer pays up front can go into a fund that
             | exists to perpetually support this software indpendent of
             | having to maintain an appeased subscriber base in
             | perpetuity. It's this idea of having a growing pile of
             | money that exist because of what already happened, versus
             | having constant revenue that must continue to be depended
             | upon indefinitely.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > In some sense, every business dreams of wanting to be a
         | recurring revenue business.
         | 
         | As do individuals. The only thing preventing it before was the
         | expense in enforcing licensing terms. Today's software and
         | cloud hosting makes that much more trivial.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Repeat business at your local pub is recurring revenue. SaaS is
         | just collecting rent.
        
         | intelVISA wrote:
         | SaaS is also quite easy to churn out as a lone SWE, think most
         | of us prefer to make our own income than toil on legacy CRUD
         | apps all day.
        
       | ineptech wrote:
       | Imagine a world in which most middle-class families have a cloud
       | VM where they run server-side stuff (Mom's blog, Junior's
       | minecraft server, etc), and when a software vendor sells you
       | software with a client/server model, it's normal for them to
       | deliver the server component as a container to run on your
       | server.
       | 
       | That's the world in which you can buy the software you described
       | without SaaS. As long as the vendor is running the server side,
       | you're paying by the month.
        
       | PaulWaldman wrote:
       | I won't elaborate on the very real pessimistic comments because
       | those are addressed from others.
       | 
       | What I haven't seen mentioned are scenarios with non-technical
       | customers. In the extreme use case of resource intensive software
       | with completely non-technical customers, who is going to man the
       | ship? It's like selling someone a car who is incapable of
       | driving.
       | 
       | Even if you provide an on-prem system turn-key, who is going to
       | manage and maintain the system? Yes, you can sell perpetual
       | licenses with support agreements, but the delimitation of
       | responsibilities will be difficult for non-technical customers to
       | understand.
       | 
       | SaaS essentially allows customers to outsource their IT
       | operations.
        
         | whizzter wrote:
         | Exactly, as much as we love open source in many ways it's also
         | kind-of destroyed the mid-segment of fixed-software sales(the
         | dBase, Lightwaves, Turbo Pascals,etc) and we really need a way
         | to find back to it.
         | 
         | Because not only is people not gaining income from their work
         | (even if for example the Blender foundation exists.. how many
         | people can live off it?) but we're also straining a lot of open
         | source developers with support that really needs to be paid-for
         | in some fashion.
         | 
         | I don't fault Stallman in this instance(not a fan in general),
         | the GPL always allowed re-sales and I think he did see
         | something akin to the shareware world even with free software,
         | but what happened was the combination with the Internets
         | ubiquity made everyone just jump to the source (kind of
         | rightfully due to bad shenanigans by middlemen actors like
         | SourceForge or worse) leaving potential supporting middlemen
         | screwed.
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | Stallman would probably be happy with the idea of paying an
           | expert who used open tools. It's no different from taking a
           | bus, or hiring a taxi if you don't know how to drive.
           | 
           | My impression is that the key aspect revolves around freedom
           | to participate in society. In theory anyone can run their own
           | email, irc, matrix, etc servers. Anyone is free to use an off
           | the shelf open source product, a paid product, or even write
           | their own if there is need.
        
         | themoonisachees wrote:
         | Ms exchange and aws, azure come to mind. The cost of paying $10
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | There's a deep and rich ecosystem of IT consultancies that
         | sell, operate and maintain shrink-wrapped software and
         | appliances from the likes of Microsoft, Cisco, VMWare, Citrix.
         | These consultancies sell "SaaS" in the form of, like, we'll
         | have a technician drive to your site, get the keys to the
         | server closet, and spend N hours checking on and maintaining
         | things every month. You can make a living as the SQL Server guy
         | for Duluth or the Cisco phones guy for Milwaukee.
         | 
         | It's hilariously inefficient compared to cloud/SaaS, and no
         | surprise that cloud and SaaS are eating this world's lunch.
        
       | theonemind wrote:
       | I really dislike the subscription model and avoid it wherever I
       | can. It serves the software publisher at the expense of the user.
       | If I can't license your product, I'll pay by usage of resources
       | or usage of minutes or hours. I won't pay for _access_. I will
       | pay to _use_ the product.
        
       | joewadcan wrote:
       | People have already mentioned all the technical aspects, or
       | blamed capitalism... but I really think it's just the best fit
       | for the benefits that software delivers. It provides lower
       | barriers to try for consumers and higher long term rewards for
       | the company that builds the software. You can certainly find
       | companies that have a flat rate or fixed price, but the incentive
       | to build those projects from the beginning is usually outcompeted
       | by the incentive to build a subscription product.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > I really think it's just the best fit for the benefits that
         | software delivers.
         | 
         | How so? The only "benefit" you cite for the user is lower cost
         | of entry, but the total cost of using the software over time is
         | higher, so that's not a clear benefit.
         | 
         | From a user's point of view, SaaS does have some other
         | benefits, certainly, but it also comes with some rather large
         | drawbacks. So it seems to me that, on the whole, it all just
         | adds up to software costing more.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Besides the recurring revenue, SaaS is also a lock-in device, you
       | can surveil your users to find new ways to make money off 'em,
       | and many people are more apt to pay $10/month because they figure
       | they can cancel it at any time. All of this is more attractive to
       | venture capitalists than the JetBrains model.
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | Providing software for users to host themselves is quite
       | difficult. We do it at Pachyderm. Our software is basically data
       | version control where you can incrementally process data as it's
       | added (or your code changes). This is much more business-y than
       | the use cases you list, but I can describe why it's tough even
       | when your customers are compute platform teams.
       | 
       | Pachyderm started off as a self-hosted offering, but we did try
       | doing a fully-managed hosted solution, because it would be super
       | easy for users to get started. You write some automation to make
       | a perfect install in your preferred cloud environment, and then
       | users click a button and have a perfectly configured, monitored,
       | and backed up environment. If there's a problem, customer support
       | can go play with the underlying resources (always with explicit
       | user consent, of course; we were super strict about this), and
       | that means that users get a solution instead of a fun debugging
       | problem. Less surface for them to configure, less chance for
       | configuration problems. Ultimately, this turned out to be
       | unappealing to users, for many of the reasons that you list.
       | People want to own their own data and not have to trust even the
       | nicest and most competent people with it. For that reason, we
       | doubled down on the self-hosted option.
       | 
       | There are many pain points with self-hosting. From the start,
       | it's difficult to offer something like a free trial. We'll give
       | you the software for free (hey, it's open source), but you're on
       | your own to find a computer to run it on. You'll need to setup
       | DNS. You'll need to get a TLS certificate. For our software,
       | you'll need to run Kubernetes. Before you can even see what value
       | we offer, you have to do a lot of grunt work. What this means is
       | pretty long sales cycles (while we assist you in navigating all
       | those requests through your organization), and a dropoff among
       | people that just want to have their problem solved today. (You
       | can see this yourself. I bet you'll click any link on HN that
       | sounds interesting. But if I just said "download and run this
       | .exe", you'd probably be quite scared, and it would take some
       | convincing. And rightfully so! That's the difference between SaaS
       | and self-hosted, at the earliest possible phase, "do I even want
       | this thing they make?")
       | 
       | From a technical standpoint, the amount of work you have to do
       | increases dramatically. We have to write code to talk to every
       | variant of object storage. We have to provide configuration
       | documentation and advice for 3+ cloud providers. (For example, we
       | used to depend on etcd pretty heavily. etcd's performance is very
       | heavily dependent on disk iops, and the standard storage classes
       | in your average cloud provider's are woefully inadequate. So we
       | have to get people's data from the inadequate storage to one that
       | is fast enough, and that's just a lot of work.) We have to
       | support customers' internal security initiatives. If you thought
       | keeping up with changes to one cloud provider for one instance of
       | your application was a lot of tedium, multiply that by 3 cloud
       | providers, by ARM and AMD64, by 6 ingress controllers, by 5
       | Kubernetes versions, by Local SSD, networked SSD, spinning rust,
       | by corporate-mandated HTTP proxies, etc. It is a ton of extra
       | work to make software that fits the customer's environment over
       | just making your own environment that is perfect for your
       | software.
       | 
       | Users dictate the upgrade cycle, not software engineers. I have
       | worked on teams where every commit to master just gets deployed
       | to production within 5 minutes. It's awesome. All you can do when
       | you self-host is to make available another version; if users want
       | it, they will upgrade it. Upgrades are always risky, especially
       | when you wait a long time. So every release has to provide value
       | worth the risk, or the same bug from 2 years ago will be reported
       | again and again. Because of the risk, we have to maintain stable
       | and testing release channels. Customers that want to try a new
       | feature in their dev environment can get a nightly build with the
       | latest features, but we still have to maintain a stable branch
       | for customers that are happy with the featureset and just need
       | security and bug fixes. We have to do work to lower their ops
       | risk. This is honestly twice as much work as just pushing master
       | to prod every so often. Backports cleanly apply most of the time,
       | but when they don't, you're just implementing the same fix
       | against slightly different code. It's work. (I'm a "if the tests
       | pass, there are no known bugs in the code" kind of guy, so I've
       | never been worried about deploying master to production.
       | Obviously, some care in your software engineering is required and
       | this doesn't work for many people, but it does work for me with a
       | very good track record of uptime. None of that matters when you
       | self-host, nobody would simply trust my assurance that the new
       | version is good to upgrade to.)
       | 
       | Even ignoring all of that, it's quite the change in how you as a
       | software engineer operate. You can't reach out and touch the
       | system, ever. You ship a build artifact, suggest that the
       | customer install it, and wait for their feedback. If you need
       | certain information to show health/non-health, you have to make
       | that understandable to the operator (who is often different from
       | the user, who has other health concerns). If you need to be able
       | to debug something, you need to add code to your app to do
       | everything that you would think of doing if you were debugging a
       | live environment, and make the results understandable to the
       | user.
       | 
       | The tooling around this is pretty much the wild west. I recently
       | investigated using Bazel to build our software, because we have
       | three parts that are pretty much completely coupled to each other
       | bidirectionally; Go, Typescript, and Python. There just isn't
       | tooling around all of our requirements (we support both AMD64 and
       | ARM deployments, as customers like those cheap ARM instances and
       | developers like M1s without binfmt_misc hacks), because big tech
       | companies that make these tools have the liberty to dictate their
       | requirements. As a result, we spend a lot of time hacking
       | together tools that meet our customers' requirements, but as a
       | startup, don't have the resources to build something perfect, so
       | developer experience honestly isn't as nice as, say, writing an
       | internal app at Google.
       | 
       | Finally, the hiring situation is complicated. Pretty much nobody
       | is building software that users deploy themselves, so it takes a
       | certain rare type of developer to be productive in this
       | environment. Your code has to show its work; operators that
       | didn't write the code will be running it in production, and your
       | software has to lead them to a solution to their problems. (Even
       | things like "my job ran out of memory" are hard to detect and
       | convey to users and operators.) You can't just push a fix you
       | think will work to prod to see if it fixes things; you have to
       | reproduce the customer issue in your own environment and fully
       | test it before your code goes into a release. It's slow going,
       | and care is of the utmost importance. Code review has to be
       | thorough; you need to understand your customers environment and
       | ensure that a fix for one doesn't break some other. (Yes, we have
       | tests for this sort of thing, but great care is the last line of
       | defense against regressions.) It's not just software engineers;
       | marketing types always want to run A/B tests, and customers don't
       | want to be subjected to this sort of thing. We have to make the
       | right decision in advance, we can't give 10% of users an
       | experiment and see if they rage-unsubscribe over the change.
       | 
       | All in all, it's a very different world. If you feel like your
       | job isn't hard enough just running one instance of your software
       | in an environment you control, selling your software for self-
       | hosting is the job for you. It's hard. It's a slog. But, it's
       | great for your users.
        
       | d_t_w wrote:
       | We have modelled our company/product specifically on JetBrains.
       | We're also bootstrapped, self-funded, etc.
       | 
       | We build a tool for Apache Kafka (https://kpow.io), it's not a
       | SaaS product, it's a single docker container or JAR that runs in
       | air-gapped environments, our users install it in their own
       | network and it just runs. That's what we thought engineers
       | wanted, and tbh it turns out we were right in plenty of cases.
       | 
       | Our licensing is an annual subscription however - but then again
       | so is JetBrains (well at least for the Intellij product that I
       | happily pay ~$150 a year for).
       | 
       | I think for us the recurring revenue is really important, we
       | wouldn't be able to sell you a perpetual license as we have
       | commercial costs that are ongoing and related to maintaining the
       | quality of the product. Not only is it better for us
       | commercially, but also we have only had one customer in the last
       | three years request a perpetual license, and we we explained we
       | don't offer that model they bought a subscription.
       | 
       | So I completely agree on the non-SaaS JetBrains model, and I love
       | that you mentioned that company. We often get asked about
       | Confluent in our area of expertise but quite honestly from day 1
       | in 2018 we've been aiming to be the JetBrains of distributed
       | systems. We even followed their dark branding style.
       | 
       | Edit: Just to add one more bit of context now I think of it.
       | Don't underestimate the power of the hive-mind.
       | 
       | We have spent four years building a boostrapped non-SaaS product.
       | We spend all our time talking to customers, shipping features,
       | squashing bugs - living the dream basically. That's a really rare
       | path to follow this decade.
       | 
       | We've also had four years of often well-meaning people trying to
       | intro us to low-information 'startup investors' or god-forbid
       | another startup 'accelerator'. We stopped talking to all of them
       | about two years ago, but for a while there we got told repeatedly
       | to build a SaaS product.
       | 
       | And the single worst piece of advice I've ever received which
       | nearly made me puke, when we were in year one of our product and
       | already had a reasonable number of users / clusters:
       | 
       | "Just grab all their information and stick it in an S3 bucket,
       | that information is what everyone wants! Number of clusters,
       | users, version, etc - you can sell that!"
       | 
       | Some people just don't understand that you can sell a tool that
       | does something valuable without making your customer base some
       | side product that you sell on the open market.
       | 
       | It has been hard at times when we see startups raise tens of
       | millions, but we're now in a position where we are miles out in
       | front of the pack, have a rock-solid product, a great roadmap yet
       | to go, and s stack of great customers who we respect. At no point
       | would someone else's cash or terrible advice have left us in a
       | better position - though we might have ended up with a SaaS
       | product instead..
        
       | ss48 wrote:
       | In many cases, it's easier to support. You control the hardware
       | serving the application to your users. You have access to more
       | information for troubleshooting issues your user may have. You
       | can better predict how many paying users you will have and be
       | able to allocate support staff more effectively. You can ensure
       | more of your users are on the latest version of the application.
        
       | CharlesW wrote:
       | Because businesses with a recurring revenue/subscription model
       | are valued far higher than comparable "buy" businesses.
       | 
       |  _And of course, the more guaranteed revenue you can demonstrate,
       | the more valuable your business is going to be for potential
       | acquirers. "Because a high percentage of the revenue of a
       | subscription-based business is recurring, its value will be up
       | to_ eight times that of a comparable business _with very little
       | recurring revenue," claims Warillow._
       | 
       | https://www.techradar.com/news/how-recurring-revenue-can-inc...
        
         | karatinversion wrote:
         | My pet theory is that the rise of SaaS in the 2010s is largely
         | a function of the low prevailing interest rates. Standard
         | pricing says that if interest rates are 0.5%, an annual
         | recurring payment of $100 is worth $20,000; but if interest
         | rates are 5%, like in the 90's, it is only worth $2,000. With
         | the fed increasing rates, maybe we'll see a return to pay-once
         | software?
        
           | benlumen wrote:
           | Are you saying that because for the SaaS company, $100 in
           | income can service $20,000 in debt?
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | Money and power. It lets companies squeeze more cash out of their
       | customers over time and it lets them make whatever changes they
       | want to something people have already paid for, leaves the door
       | open for things like continuously collecting their user's
       | personal data, and can help make it more difficult for users to
       | migrate away from their product.
       | 
       | It's terrible for users who value their money, security, and
       | privacy, but vastly more profitable for companies so most
       | companies will offer it increasingly leaving users with fewer
       | options for anything else.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | tchock23 wrote:
       | I have a software product that began with a traditional SaaS
       | model before I realized that usage was project-driven/sporadic
       | and it was better for the customer to do a pay-as-you-go model
       | with no subscriptions.
       | 
       | What happened after I made the switch away from subscriptions?
       | 
       | I received a bunch of support questions asking for the
       | subscription options back. People were truly confused/upset that
       | hosted software wasn't being sold on a monthly or annual
       | subscription basis - even though per-project was more flexible
       | and cheaper for them.
       | 
       | My takeaway is that - for better or worse - the SaaS subscription
       | model is just so expected among buyers these days that to defy
       | those expectations is just going to shoot yourself in the foot.
        
       | heavyset_go wrote:
       | Subscriptions are the ultimate rent-seeking business model for
       | software and online services.
       | 
       | When you need to increase profits to justify insane valuations,
       | eventually you need to start wringing your customers dry.
        
         | falcolas wrote:
         | See: Adobe Cloud
         | 
         | I cant think of a more exploitative "SAAS" off hand.
        
           | llanowarelves wrote:
           | They buy good software and then neglect them until they fall
           | into disrepair or kill them off. Extracting rents the whole
           | way.
           | 
           | Slumlords of software.
        
         | CharlesW wrote:
         | BTW, subscriptions/recurring charges aren't "rent seeking" per
         | se.
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rentseeking.asp
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | As I read the article you link to, the vast majority of SaaS
           | appears to qualify as rent-seeking. The exceptions would by
           | the things that can only usefully operate "as a service". But
           | that's a minority of the SaaS offerings.
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | Everything is SaaS because rent-seeking is hugely in fashion.
       | Companies want you to pay them on an ongoing basis.
        
       | phpthrowaway99 wrote:
       | If people actually looked at what they were paying for MS Office
       | over a decade they'd wonder wtf they were doing.
       | 
       | Small numbers are easier to sell. Before a company spends $20k on
       | a PM tool, they would discuss it to death. But signing up for
       | $299 a month and giving it a shot is easier.
        
         | ozim wrote:
         | To add to "they would discuss it to death" - yeah now imagine
         | you need to start a company and you have to shell out $300k up
         | front for multiple software licenses.
        
       | btbuildem wrote:
       | The questions feels directed more towards B2C, but let me share a
       | B2B take:
       | 
       | From a business perspective, a SaaS solution can be a ramp to
       | platform lock-in. Once your customers have committed, and your
       | software is part of their business workflows, it's expensive to
       | move away from it.
       | 
       | Another reason is that (for sufficiently complex solutions) the
       | software portion is just part of the service - the business can
       | also offer consulting services for onboarding / migration and
       | customization. That's an entire new revenue stream.
        
       | dugmartin wrote:
       | For your two specific product questions:
       | 
       | > 1) Personal photos and videos backup and viewer. - Just give me
       | a cheap cloud for backup and a desktop app for viewing.
       | 
       | It sounds like you want a one time purchase for backup that lasts
       | forever? I'm not sure who is going to rationally offer that
       | service as there are ongoing costs.
       | 
       | > 2) Personal budget - Just give me a desktop app that connects
       | to my different accounts and gives me overview.
       | 
       | At least in the US that means you have to directly work with
       | banks (ala Quicken), use a third party service (like Plaid) or
       | maintain your own scraping system that perpetually breaks and/or
       | violates the bank TOS. Any of those options is going to cost the
       | software provider ongoing costs. Again nobody is going to take a
       | one time payment and be liable for ongoing costs.
       | 
       | I do think there is money to be made in the right industry for
       | desktop apps that charge a decent amount ($100 and up) and offer
       | 1 year of updates and then perpetual use with the final updated
       | version for that year of use. This incentivizes the developer to
       | maintain security updates and make feature additions so users are
       | willing (but not required) to pay again in the future.
        
       | Garlef wrote:
       | Delivering the software is much easier:
       | 
       | * Do you want to build it for mac? And windows? And linux desktop
       | (lol)?
       | 
       | And from the clients side, it's also easier:
       | 
       | * You just need to open your browser you're good to go.
       | 
       | * No need to install updates. Just imagine what kind of hassle
       | rolling out updates for desktop software is in a company with
       | more than a few employees. This used to be a dedicated job.
       | 
       | And feature wise, it's also better:
       | 
       | * Compare working with google sheets to excel files being sent
       | around as email attachments.
        
       | slt2021 wrote:
       | 1. everything is mobile: people consume software from phones,
       | tablets, personal laptops, work laptops, desktops, corporate
       | servers. How do you imagine yourself installing your software 5-6
       | times for a single customer???
       | 
       | 2. now imagine updating your software with new release/bug fix.
       | royal pain. these two factors are enough to choose saas
        
       | fdr wrote:
       | Personally, I find it a lot easier to address bugs on the
       | producer side of SaaS. Back in the Bad Old Days where I worked on
       | a proprietary database delivered to a customer to run on their
       | servers with general-purpose staff, getting high quality bug
       | reports and working our way to resolution was a major issue, and
       | a very expensive part of the development process.
        
       | mfer wrote:
       | There are a few reasons:
       | 
       | 1. Higher total revenues. If you compare the subscription fee
       | with the sale fee and how often sales happen.
       | 
       | 2. More predictable revenue. There are many reasons people want
       | that.
       | 
       | 3. The more information (metadata/telemetry) they have on you the
       | more they can use that for something else. That could be details
       | on how you use the app. If they host your photos they may use
       | those photos to train an AI. Things like that.
       | 
       | 4. Finding and tracking unlicensed users is easier to stop and
       | manage. Everything is tied to a SaaS. Less stealing software
       | which cuts into revenue.
       | 
       | There are other reasons, too.
       | 
       | In a capitalistic society where the goal is constant revenue
       | growth, SaaS provides a means to do that more effectively. Look
       | at the goals.
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | I'd also add: it's easier to operate and iterate.
         | 
         | If you have a thousand different installs that you need to
         | provide support for, that makes for a very challenging support
         | and maintenance responsibility. People need to be able to
         | operate the software themselves, and may not upgrade when you
         | want them to.
         | 
         | SaaS on the other hand means you, the vendor, are in full
         | control. Sure, it means you need to be able to scale it, but
         | you and only you completely own the infrastructure, which makes
         | things so much simpler.
        
       | moomoo11 wrote:
       | It's a model that makes money printer go brrrrr
       | 
       | Most customers like it, it keeps the company able to push newer
       | features and maybe up sell them.
        
       | pryelluw wrote:
       | Rent seeking behavior is being adapted into all products with the
       | goal of replacing ownership with controlled access. Once people
       | use your service they are likely to be locked in and stay
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | They slap anything they can find with a subscription because it
       | is an easy way for them to rent seek and grift as much as they
       | can.
       | 
       | They don't want to admit that they are part of the griftopia that
       | they are creating; especially building a SaSS on-top of something
       | that does not need to be a SaSS or that can be done for free.
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | Because having a constant cash flow fits better the model of a
       | software company since you need to keep a dev team in perpetuity.
       | 
       | You can't hire devs per project like in construction. Developing
       | commercial software requires maintenance, knowing the codebase,
       | etc.
        
         | postalrat wrote:
         | The difference is software companies hire programmers while
         | companies that sell physical goods hire engineers. Engineers
         | work hard to get it right the first time while programmers are
         | constantly fixing their mistakes.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | This is a dumb take, product recalls happen all the time if
           | the issue is bad enough, otherwise everything else flies
           | under the radar. All physical goods eventually need upkeep,
           | too.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | Are they fixing mistakes or constantly adapting to
           | new/expanding requirements?
           | 
           | Try adding an extra bedroom or 3 mid-construction on a house
           | that had perfectly designed plans. One might be doable, seem
           | easy even but 3 might require a new foundation or something
           | to carry the load (scale).
           | 
           | What if the ask is to pivot to a commercial property. Now you
           | have to physically move it to piece of land that is zoned
           | appropriately. Or maybe just tear it down and start over
           | (refactor).
           | 
           | Those aren't mistakes, they just weren't planned when
           | construction began yet have insane implications to the
           | builders. Planning and expanding software never ends like it
           | would when you complete a tangible finished good.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > Are they fixing mistakes or constantly adapting to
             | new/expanding requirements?
             | 
             | Fixing their mistakes. Constantly adapting to new/expanding
             | requirements doesn't require SaaS.
             | 
             | But the way it's worked out is that SaaS lowers production
             | costs because code can be shipped fast -- with minimal
             | testing and before there's any real reason to have
             | confidence in it -- on the theory that you can just push
             | out updates later for any bugs that customers find too
             | annoying.
        
               | pier25 wrote:
               | It's a bit of everything. Sure there are mistakes, but
               | OTOH the complexity also grows exponentially.
               | 
               | And it's literally impossible to make software without
               | mistakes. Doesn't matter how much money you throw at it.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | True. However, companies used to engage in comprehensive
               | testing before release. SaaS removes the need to do that,
               | saving a lot of money in exchange for a lower-quality
               | product.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | Non-SaaS still exists. Why does my OS update every week?
        
           | zihotki wrote:
           | You probably don't understand how either of them work. Do you
           | remember for how long Apple was trying to fix problems with
           | their butterfly keyboards?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Jolter wrote:
         | I'm not saying you're wrong, but you can absolutely hire devs
         | per project. My employer has done it many times. I was in a
         | project that scaled up from 10 scrum teams up to 120 over a
         | year and a half, and then once the product was launched, down
         | to ~25 teams again for the maintenance part of the product
         | cycle. This would have been impossible without contractors.
         | 
         | That said, your first argument is sound.
        
           | pier25 wrote:
           | > I'm not saying you're wrong, but you can absolutely hire
           | devs per project
           | 
           | You're right of course. I should have written a more nuanced
           | comment that I had time for :)
           | 
           | My point was only that in other types of businesses it's
           | possible and common to hire the whole team per project or
           | season.
        
       | macspoofing wrote:
       | >I understand the advantages of Saas - transparent updates, cloud
       | based, redundancy, subscriptions, scaling, unicorns etc.
       | 
       | You answered your own question.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Because money
        
       | claudiulodro wrote:
       | Even if we disregard the recurring-monthly-fee part of SaaS,
       | which is popular because it makes more money, I think the "cloud"
       | part is a main reason there are so many. Nobody wants to deal
       | with creating installable business software, and businesses
       | mostly don't want to deal with installing software across their
       | systems. It's much simpler for a small dev team to have the
       | software live inside a website, and it's relatively simple to
       | bolt on a monthly fee for access to a website.
        
         | dgudkov wrote:
         | > businesses mostly don't want to deal with installing software
         | across their systems
         | 
         | And now they have to deal with cloud leaks of sensitive data
         | that they no longer control and various SOC2/ISO
         | "certifications" increasingly look like security theater and a
         | "feel good" measure because they don't guarantee anything.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | What is there to deal with? No one cares about leaks, and at
           | most you give out some cheap credit reporting nonsense. A
           | data breach is hardly news anymore.
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | This is the big one. It's far easier for both sides to use the
         | "cloud hosting" model. The seller only has to worry about
         | deployments on their own systems, and the buyer doesn't have to
         | worry about deployments at all. It really is a win-win.
        
       | ppjim wrote:
       | This has to do with both a technological and economic change.
       | Let's say it's the equivalent of music and movies we go from
       | "owning" through physical devices, then to virtual and now
       | streaming. We are moving to a society where we will no longer own
       | anything and will only use services. This is not only happening
       | in software. We can have car-as-a-service, food-as-a-service, and
       | the list goes on.
        
       | RobRivera wrote:
       | gotta pump those ARR numbers baby
        
       | pastacacioepepe wrote:
       | It's just that having a recurring revenue allows you to offer
       | features that you wouldn't be able to otherwise, and people WANT
       | those features.
       | 
       | For example, as a B2b software company, there is no way I'm
       | offering customers any complex cloud functionality, especially
       | involving data storage, if I can't guarantee that I will be able
       | to cover the costs in the future. Thus recurring revenue is a
       | must.
       | 
       | On the other hand, if you just need an offline app that can work
       | fine without being updated frequently, probably a single upfront
       | payment is better suited.
       | 
       | This is nothing new by the way, multiplayer games have worked
       | this way for a long time. In general a multiplayer game that asks
       | you a subscription fee has a much higher chance of being kept
       | online for longer. See WoW. Without subscription fees they would
       | have probably shut down a long time ago.
        
       | AussieWog93 wrote:
       | As someone who runs a retail (eCommerce) business for a living, I
       | think it's also worth pointing out that people get far more
       | "rational" about their purchases when you ask them to spend a
       | large chunk of money at once.
       | 
       | The same person who would think "do I really need this?" when
       | faced with spending $1200 on a high-end automatic espresso
       | machine wouldn't even think about spending $5 a day on a takeaway
       | latte (which ends up being an order of magnitude per expensive
       | once you amortise the cost of the machine over the number of cups
       | produced).
        
       | somesortofthing wrote:
       | One reason is that SaaS pricing is an easy way for people to
       | "hack" corporate spending restrictions. You need accounting
       | approval for that perpetual $10000 software license, but a $500
       | monthly subscription payment is totally at your discretion, even
       | if you end up spending more of the company's money in the end.
        
         | wolpoli wrote:
         | I am not in accounting/finance, but the world has been on SaaS
         | for so long that it's hard to imagine that the department
         | responsible for controlling spending hasn't caught on and
         | plugged this loophole.
        
           | somesortofthing wrote:
           | Yeah this is less true than it used to be but it's a big part
           | of how SaaS initially came to be the only game in town.
        
       | recursivenature wrote:
       | Completely understand the comments around valuation of a
       | recurring revenue business and ongoing maintenance. Those are all
       | true and accurate.
       | 
       | I've also been thinking about this from an ecosystem standpoint
       | that it is now very difficult to develop a software product that
       | is _not_ SaaS.
       | 
       | If everyone else is SaaS, and you are not, your business will be:
       | 
       | - Valued lower than equivalent revenue SaaS businesses, because
       | revenue is lumpy and comparatively unpredictable
       | 
       | - Have greater difficulty raising capital, because investors
       | aren't used to valuing non-SaaS businesses any more
       | 
       | - Have greater difficulty hiring engineers, as they know the next
       | job they have will likely be SaaS related
       | 
       | - Slower sales cycle due to higher upfront price required (IE -
       | Doesn't automatically fit on an employee card for land and
       | expand)
       | 
       | - Higher customer acquisition costs, as most customers, other
       | than those on HN, are used to the subscription model and prices,
       | and would encounter sticker shock at the high prices required to
       | make a one time purchase work
        
         | pleas4nt0ne wrote:
        
         | TAForObvReasons wrote:
         | > most customers, other than those on HN, are used to the
         | subscription model and prices, and would encounter sticker
         | shock at the high prices required to make a one time purchase
         | work
         | 
         | This one has basically come full circle last year. [1] Many
         | "customers, other than those on HN" have been burned by
         | subscriptions in the past and are rightfully using pricing
         | models assuming a 10x service spike in the future. We've found
         | it easier to sell one-time units for $25000 than subscriptions
         | of $250/mo
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28372532
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I don't get it. It used to be software licenses were being sold
         | for like $10 or $20 dollars. Now $.99 a month is somehow more
         | palatable than $20 for life? I don't believe it. I think
         | perhaps organizations got too large in their bureaucracy. Times
         | were probably leaner for the business folk when software were
         | sold for $10 and $20 or even $120 dollars for Adobe products.
         | 
         | All that being said, it stands to reason you could structure
         | your business to be lean enough to ask for $10 or $20 or $120
         | licenses again, because it worked fine a decade ago, and
         | nothing significantly changed to make it not work now other
         | than all the sexier corporate real estate these companies have
         | invested into across the US and expanding administrations.
         | 
         | You could take a share of that profit from license sales after
         | paying your immediate overhead to set up some sort of trust
         | that can pay out maintainers for that software long into the
         | future. It can even be structured to outlast the development
         | company if done correctly.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I know a lot of small business owners love SaaS that reduce
           | their IT department to someone who can buy a new iPad and log
           | into the apps again.
           | 
           | Payroll, POS, inventory, backup, etc and the owners can keep
           | track of everything remotely. Setup a backup mobile internet
           | solution, and your biggest IT problem becomes regional loss
           | of electricity.
           | 
           | Nothing for employees or others to steal, nothing to spend on
           | tech support labor, and being up and running again is just a
           | matter of replacing the iPad.
        
       | Mikeb85 wrote:
       | ??? JetBrains definitely offers monthly plans, SaaS-style.
        
       | scarface74 wrote:
       | You can't sustain a business on one time sales. Operating systems
       | change, markets change, and products need continuous updates.
       | 
       | Besides, managing servers is "undifferentiated heavy lifting",
       | why would most companies invest in infrastructure that "doesn't
       | make the beer taste better"
        
         | llanowarelves wrote:
         | Yeah but it's not like that software had lifetime free updates
         | either.
         | 
         | You pay for that full version (3.x to 4.0, or 3.2 to 4.2). Want
         | updates? Pay for an upgrade.
         | 
         | This is how a lot of software still works, and so the devs
         | aren't perpetually working for free to existing customers.
        
           | scarface74 wrote:
           | In that case you are holding back updates even though they
           | are ready for the "major" update. What if the "update" is
           | just compatibility/features for new browsers/mobile OS
           | versions? Besides, there is no "upgrade pricing" in either
           | mobile OS.
        
       | ggregoire wrote:
       | Interesting that you chose the "JetBrains model" as example cause
       | everyone I know who uses one or several JetBrains products uses
       | cracked versions. I know like 10 developers who use their
       | products and I don't think a single one of them paid for it. So I
       | guess one of the advantages of the SaaS models is that you can't
       | actually use the product without paying for it. And if you detect
       | that an account is fraudulent (hacked account, account sharing,
       | fake banking info, etc) or late in its payment, you can just
       | temporarily or permanently disable it with a simple UPDATE query.
        
       | togs wrote:
       | Capital in the 21st Century by Piketty claims the trend is labor
       | -> capital in terms of power, I.e. labor becoming worthless,
       | capital becoming more valuable.
       | 
       | Makes sense then that software among other things becomes a
       | service.
       | 
       | Problem is same old conflict: I work for money, they own my work
       | and take money, I resent that, they like it, then violence or
       | legislation or something.
        
       | JAA1337 wrote:
       | In general SaaS vertically scales to increase demand which means
       | factors of increased revue with no new work.
        
       | enos_feedler wrote:
       | Everything is a SaaS product because that is what users want.
       | That is the simplest answer. Innovation always comes back to the
       | end user. If SaaS was not a business model innovational that the
       | user wanted it would simply die out. Instead, it's growing.
        
       | bearjaws wrote:
       | It's best to think of it as three loops.
       | 
       | 1. The loop of just regular maintenance. How long is that version
       | of Node supported? 2 years? Alright assuming you did literally
       | nothing, no bugs, nothing else your software is already needing
       | to be tested against a new major version in just 2 years.
       | 
       | 2. External loops, integrate with XYZ platform? Oh version 1 is
       | EoL in 2 years? Guess you need to get on upgrading to API version
       | 2!
       | 
       | 3. Someone uses your out of date software and runs into an issue,
       | now they email you, tweet at you, complain that your software
       | sucks and you should support it better. (My first job would get
       | this all the time for software we released 6+ years ago) Oh you
       | fixed that bug in the new version? "I should get it for FREE!!"
       | 
       | Who is going to do this work for free?
       | 
       | Even if you cut the support emails down to a minimum, that alone
       | costs money to automate...
       | 
       | Another favorite of mine was complaining about price, "$5,000 for
       | a perpetual license?!"
        
       | xtracto wrote:
       | I just recently cancelled a $5 a month subscription to an Android
       | App/website service for storing food recipes. I was subscribed
       | for about 2 years to "support" the small developer, but really
       | could not justify paying any monthly fee for a program... I
       | replaced it with a self-hosted RecipeSage install.
        
       | Melatonic wrote:
       | It is all about money and ease of use. What you are describing is
       | how the software model used to work - it is simply easier to
       | outsource everything. But as you note, of course, this usually
       | makes things more expensive.
       | 
       | Cloud providers and software engineers have of course come up
       | with tons of new tools to make this outsourcing (or you could
       | also call it renting + outsourcing) cheaper (autoscaling being a
       | huge one) and this incentivizes moving to SaaS or PaaS
       | infrastructure. However as these new products mature companies
       | are also realizing they can use those same innovations in their
       | own "on prem" infrastructure. Most of the time it comes down to
       | how big the company is (do they hit the threshold where hiring a
       | bunch of people to run their own datacenter or machines makes
       | sense) and is their business long term focuses enough that they
       | care more about the big potential cost savings vs the advantage
       | of (from an accounting perspective) recuring regular costs per
       | quarter vs larger occasional purchases of hardware.
       | 
       | Personally I think we are going to see a huge "private cloud"
       | movement in a few years once the market matures and companies
       | realize they did not need to give absolutely everything to AWS. I
       | have always liked the hybrid cloud model and then using SaaS only
       | for things that are a huge pain in the ass to manage (since with
       | SaaS you are not just renting/outsourcing the hardware but also
       | all of the software work as well). Email is a great example of
       | this - its a huge PIA to manage yourself and often not that
       | costly to just pay someone else to do it.
       | 
       | In my opinion the holy grail for many companies is having their
       | big "regular" workloads (especially stuff computationally
       | expensive or requiring special hardware or large storages) run
       | themselves on their own hardware + seamless integration with a
       | cloud provider for autoscaling that process up as needed.
        
       | kaffee wrote:
       | Ben Thompson nails it, as usual:
       | 
       | "The brilliance of paying on a subscription basis is that a
       | company can buy exactly what it needs, when it needs it, and no
       | more."
       | 
       | From https://stratechery.com/2019/microsoft-slack-zoom-and-the-
       | sa...
       | 
       | He's written about this in other posts too.
        
       | cammikebrown wrote:
       | Capitalism, baby! Companies have figured out they can take more
       | of your money if they extract it little by little instead of in
       | chunks.
        
       | drivingmenuts wrote:
       | Rental fees, so to speak.
       | 
       | Software as a service becomes a rental property and owners can
       | milk consumers for more money over time as well as introduce
       | features to encourage lock-in. Basically, you're teaching frogs
       | to boil themselves.
        
       | UI_at_80x24 wrote:
       | Rent seeking behavour
        
       | stetrain wrote:
       | For 1), what exactly are you expecting to happen to enable this
       | cloud backup to continue working?
       | 
       | You pay once for someone to set up a hard drive in the "cloud"
       | you can put your photos on?
       | 
       | They charge you enough for a lifetime of transfer bandwidth?
       | 
       | What happens when the hard drive dies? Do you want redundancy so
       | that if one drive dies the photos aren't lost? Who pays the tech
       | to go change out the first drive when it fails so it can recover
       | before the others in the array also die?
       | 
       | What's your personal risk aversion for losing this data? Even a
       | two-drive RAID array can lose all of your data in some scenarios.
       | 
       | For 2), you want an app that connects to all of your accounts.
       | How does it do that? Usually by using web APIs or a third party
       | interconnect like Plaid.
       | 
       | What happens when they bank you use updated their API? Who is
       | going to provide you with updates to keep all of these account
       | connections working?
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Both scenarios you describe have ongoing maintenance. Things
       | weren't SaaS when they existed solely on your local computer and
       | continued working without constant maintenance, but your two
       | examples that come to mind show how our expectations of
       | technology have changed and we expect things to work online,
       | backed-up, and to keep working even as integration partners, OS
       | vendors, etc. update their systems.
        
         | teraflop wrote:
         | I think the point is that you should be able to use _one_
         | commodity service to handle your data storage and syncing
         | needs. (Or maybe a couple different ones, if you 're worried
         | about your account getting terminated.) But that doesn't mean
         | you should have to be nickel-and-dimed by subscriptions for
         | every individual application you want to use.
        
           | stetrain wrote:
           | Sure, I could build a photo app for a one-time purchase that
           | lets you add your own credentials for S3, B2, etc.
           | 
           | What's the market size for users who will set this up
           | themselves (versus going for a competing app that bundles the
           | cloud storage), how many platforms will I have to develop for
           | (Windows, Linux, Mac, iOS, Android?) and will they promise to
           | never complain when an OS update or API change breaks the
           | app?
        
             | swatcoder wrote:
             | We did that for _decades_. Many products still do. The
             | model is plenty well proven, and the markets well
             | demonstrated, so this kind of rhetorical "well what do you
             | expect?" stuff is unconstructive.
             | 
             | There are reasons a business may _prefer_ to provide their
             | product as an SaaS, but it's hardly some necessity.
        
               | yibg wrote:
               | If that's the case you should be able to build a non SaaS
               | competitor and take their market share. In the end if
               | SaaS is really bad for the end user, competition should
               | take care of that should it not?
        
               | stetrain wrote:
               | Yes, but that market mostly existed before everyone
               | expected every app to be online and connected to other
               | services, and since then the market has moved to SaaS. So
               | if customers will pay more for a subscription that is
               | inclusive of these details and maintenance, why would I
               | choose the option that leaves me with less revenue and
               | fewer customers?
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | We did cloud backup as a single-purchase pluggable-into-
               | any-provider desktop application for decades? I don't
               | recall anything like that.
               | 
               | The features OP is asking for in their not-SaaS product
               | wishlist just plain didn't exist before SaaS. There was
               | no cloud backup, there was no automatic account
               | connection in your budgeting app. It's not obvious to me
               | that things that _require_ a connection to an always-on
               | server (and some features really do require that) could
               | be sustainably delivered in a one-time purchase model.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | Microsoft Money and Quicken absolutely had account
               | syncing abilities in their one-time purchase software
               | license budgeting apps.
        
               | lolinder wrote:
               | Ah! I stand corrected.
        
               | count wrote:
               | Those decades didn't include the features, functionality,
               | scalability, or user-friendliness required by the
               | BILLIONS of people online now using services that weren't
               | able to use them when they required you to do your own
               | setup.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Software should be maintained in an almost private trust model
         | imo. Pay upfront for the license which generates a bunch of
         | money for the developer upfront. That money along with all
         | future revenues from new licenses are put into a trust that
         | grows over time and is used to pay salaries for maintainers and
         | to pay for server hardware. Maybe if you own your own hardware
         | you could even have a side business of leasing your spare
         | compute capacity and that perhaps could cover its costs.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | Nothing is stopping you from having such a model, but why
           | would everyone need to do this?
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | Because the MBA's decided they could make more money that way.
        
       | SilasX wrote:
       | Because enforcement of their copyrights in the digital asset
       | itself, that you would prefer to by, is extremely difficult. SaaS
       | sidesteps the piracy problem entirely.
        
       | maxwell wrote:
       | Margins.
        
       | somenameforme wrote:
       | Large companies are growing to levels that are arguably
       | unsustainable. When you have billions of dollars in baseline
       | overhead costs, an amazing product may not even get you in the
       | black. You'd need to do that every year, and likely multiple
       | times per year. It's simply not realistic. So the solution these
       | companies are choosing is rent seeking.
       | 
       | I'd add that this issue is affecting many other industries as
       | well. Entertainment being a visible one. Hollywood has big
       | budgets, big overhead, yet increasingly difficulty finding the
       | big ideas. So we get "Men in Spandex Save the World #83." AAA
       | games are behaving similarly. There seems to be less of an effort
       | than ever to even feign that "Next Big Shooter" is essentially
       | last years next big shooter, reskinned.
       | 
       | This is why I hold the certainly uncommon view that we are
       | probably nearing 'peak big business', at least until the next
       | great frontier emerges. It's difficult to imagine these
       | increasingly widespread "solutions" being sustainable in the
       | longrun. One issue, among many, is a tragedy of the commons with
       | many solutions. Charging rent sounds great for the individual
       | company, but the more companies that charge rent - the more
       | intolerant consumers become of it. See how online streaming went
       | from a golden goose to a bloodbath for everybody once "too many"
       | companies got involved.
        
       | Macha wrote:
       | Jetbrains wanted to go full subscription too but their userbase
       | revolted.
        
       | cosmin_caruxell wrote:
       | 1. Recurring revenue - revenue is repetitive, with, ideally, a
       | low churn rate. 2. Revenue forecasting (being able to predict
       | growth with higher precision than ever before, and also check out
       | how fruitful your marketing campaigns are). 3. Flexibility. If
       | users like your product (there's a real value that your product
       | or service provides to them), they'll stick around. If not, they
       | won't. 4. Profitability. The SaaS model tends to be a lot more
       | profitable (especially in the long term).
        
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