[HN Gopher] That annoying shade of blue (2018)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       That annoying shade of blue (2018)
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 238 points
       Date   : 2022-09-15 07:47 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bsago.me)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bsago.me)
        
       | Beltalowda wrote:
       | A lot of these colours were probably designed for white
       | backgrounds; the default xterm background colour is white, and
       | many terminals copied that. My old SparcStation uses a white
       | background colour from the moment it boots, etc. I'm not sure how
       | common it was in older systems, but it was definitely a thing.
       | 
       | In Vim it's been a fixed problem for ages if you use "set
       | background=dark" by the way.
        
         | bartread wrote:
         | I seem to remember that the Xerox Alto defaulted to a white or
         | light grey background as well, and of course the same for early
         | Macs. For me, in the 80s and 90s, lighter colour backgrounds -
         | even on essentially monochrome displays - were generally a
         | signifier of a higher end, or sometimes experimental,
         | workstation machine or OS, than black backgrounds, which felt
         | much more like corporate droneware.
         | 
         | (Of course, that wasn't always the case: the Sinclair ZX81 and
         | ZX Spectrum, both very cheap microcomputers introduced in the
         | early 80s - and I think also maybe the Acorn Electron -
         | defaulted to white backgrounds.)
        
         | naniwaduni wrote:
         | "Designed" is a stretch. Yellow and cyan become the nigh-
         | unreadable colors instead with a white background.
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | Having a dark background used to be the default in the
         | beginnings with CRT, colored/bright backgrounds look very ugly
         | when you can see the distinct scanlines.
        
           | estebarb wrote:
           | If I remember well, back then the black background wasn't
           | perfect black, but something like very dark green. I have
           | recently played again (with a LCD) games that I used to play
           | as a kid with a CRT monitor and in some cases the colors look
           | extremely ugly in the LCD. I don't know why
        
             | blueflow wrote:
             | Analog monitors like the CRTs back then suffered from
             | artifact colors[1], LCDs do not. Games that were designed
             | to account for these artifact colors do indeed look worse
             | on LCDs.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_artifact_colors
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Note that this is for the crappy CRT TVs most people used
               | (some home computers either connected to such TVs or used
               | similarly bad CRTs).
               | 
               | This was not an issue on computer monitors that were
               | meant to display crisp text.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | Less so on computer monitors, but the raster on a CRT is
               | not pixels. So graphics made for CRTs look worse on LCDs.
               | Even low-res games on a CRT look less chunky than on LCD.
        
               | teknopaul wrote:
               | The article mentions this the colours were not designed
               | at all. It was an accident.
        
               | blincoln wrote:
               | I think that is at least misleading, if not inaccurate.
               | They may not have been "designed" in the sense of a
               | graphic designer choosing the most pleasing or user-
               | friendly colours, but there was logic behind the choices.
               | They're the eight permutations (three primary colours
               | (red, green, and blue), three secondary colours (yellow,
               | cyan, and magenta), black, and white) that you get by
               | setting each of the three RGB channels to either zero or
               | maximum.
               | 
               | It's not great for terminal text on a black background,
               | but it's better than the CGA palette, IMO.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | 1 bit each for R, G, and B, plus one for intensity IS the
               | CGA text palette.
               | 
               | Since it's a digital signal, levels are dictated by IBM
               | hardware. I remember there were numerous different
               | monitors with slightly different palettes (defined by
               | resistors between reference voltages and the analog
               | electron gun power)
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | They were designed for sure; just by an engineer rather
               | than a graphic designer.
               | 
               | Like: for each character cell on this terminal, we have
               | an eight-bit memory budget for color. For each of
               | foreground and background, we're going to allocate one
               | bit for "bright" and one bit each for "red", "green" and
               | "blue" ... in the output circuit to the DAC that drives
               | the display, we're going to send a full-scale value for
               | each of R/G/B when the "bright" bit is set and a half-
               | scale value when it's not set.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | I thought we were talking about games in this subthread.
               | The artwork was not an accident.
        
               | badsectoracula wrote:
               | Unless the CRT has some issue (out of focus, or whatever)
               | then graphics should look 99% the same as on an LCD,
               | especially low res graphics that gets double scanned.
               | 
               | Here is a photo i took some time ago from a CRT and a
               | flat panel i have with the same software showing the same
               | picture (with the picture at the top) - both monitors are
               | of relatively high quality:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/xlsGRRw.png
               | 
               | In both images you can see the pixels clearly and that
               | was in 640x480 (which doesn't get double scanned) for the
               | CRT - they also pretty much look the same (the small
               | color fringes are because of my awful phone camera, in
               | person they are almost identical).
               | 
               | Here is another one, same shitty camera (hence the glow)
               | but at the top left and right side (where there isn't
               | much glow) you can see how clear the pixels are - this is
               | double scanned:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/10oa6xe.jpg
               | 
               | The main difference between decent CRT monitors and flat
               | panels is that with the CRT monitors you get to use a
               | bunch of different resolutions without visual degradation
               | from scaling. Also scanlines, but that depends on the CRT
               | (more visible in larger CRTs with lower resolutions) and
               | you get a somewhat similar effect with some flat panel
               | monitors (especially larger ones). Beyond that when there
               | isn't any scaling (i.e. both display the art pixels at
               | 1:1 ratio) there will only be very minor differences.
               | Anything else would be due to a faulty CRT (nowadays many
               | are in bad condition due to their age) and not really
               | inherent in the tech.
        
               | okasaki wrote:
               | CRTs were never crisp at decent resolutions (like
               | 1280x1024 on a 17").
               | 
               | LCD sharpness was basically mind-blowing in comparison at
               | the time.
        
               | Melatonic wrote:
               | Not true at all - good CRT's could be overclocked and do
               | HD no problem. LCD's looked like shit in comparison.
        
           | floren wrote:
           | On the other hand, many video terminals (such as the VT100)
           | could be put into a reverse mode, dark text on bright
           | background, and I've seen it in enough old photographs to
           | assume people actually used it pretty often.
        
             | someweirdperson wrote:
             | The screen of my first computer (b/w screen, late 80s) had
             | a physical button to toggle inverted mode.
        
           | vikingerik wrote:
           | Is that inherent to CRTs? Windows and Mac used black text on
           | white background in their GUIs from the beginning.
           | 
           | Even some early text mode computers used a colored/bright
           | background - my personal experience was on the TI-99 in its
           | onboard BASIC environment.
           | 
           | Scanlines were normal at the time - I think we only see them
           | as ugly now after getting used to LCDs.
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | " _in the beginnings with CRT_ " almost certainly refers to
             | monochrome "green screen" monitors. The monitors you got
             | with Macs and most monitors that came out with Windows 3.1
             | were pretty different.
        
               | leoc wrote:
               | Yes, it's certainly not impossible to display white
               | backgrounds well on CRTs in general (consider upmarket
               | late-'90s CRT monitors in particular, still overall
               | decent displays by modern standards) but it wasn't to be
               | taken for granted on early-'80s CRTs. White-background
               | display conventions more or less came in with the
               | Engelbart/PARC GUI and IIRC (I think Levy's _Insanely
               | Great_ or https://folklore.org discusses this?) Apple put
               | a lot of effort into making the original Mac's (and I
               | assume Lisa's) monochrome display pleasant to use in that
               | manner.
        
         | rr888 wrote:
         | Sparc Terms were always the pinnacle of achievement for me. I
         | prefer white backgrounds still today.
        
       | aftbit wrote:
       | I actually find both the "actually readable" and the "something
       | decent" colors harder to distinguish than the original "annoying"
       | colors. (Ctrl-F the source for those quotes to find the images.)
       | I _am_ red/green color-blind but I have never had an issue with
       | blue.
        
         | superjan wrote:
         | That is expected to a degree: the revised colors are less
         | saturated because some white is blended in. The point is that
         | they stand out more against a black background. Is that also
         | your observation?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | leephillips wrote:
       | The author is the maintainer of exa, an excellent `ls`
       | replacement that makes effective use of color in the terminal.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | "I can't find any documentation on where these colours came from
       | -- they seem to have been passed down from terminal to terminal
       | since the dawn of time. But this can't be a coincidence!"
       | 
       | Is it really hard to understand why these colors were chosen?
       | #000 = black. After that, just iterate through the combinations
       | of each combination of replacing the 0 with an F. Full on, full
       | off. That's your choices. never mind 1-E of the in betweens.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ProllyInfamous wrote:
       | Slightly different perspective on [optical] perspective:
       | 
       | >Impossible Colors:
       | 
       | >https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impossible_color
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | I use an LG 4K TV as a monitor...something about the darker half
       | of the standard 16 terminal colors is incredibly hard to read on
       | this panel.
       | 
       | Irritating for screen sharing with people who use default putty
       | settings, small size courier new, default colors. Ugh. Savages.
        
         | mwcampbell wrote:
         | > Irritating for screen sharing with people who use default
         | putty settings, small size courier new, default colors. Ugh.
         | Savages.
         | 
         | I'm visually impaired, so if I were to screen-share my PuTTY
         | window, you'd be treated to 22-point bold Consolas and mostly
         | white on black.
         | 
         | This points out, though, that for accessibility, frame-buffer
         | sharing is really not ideal. What we really need is some kind
         | of high-level content sharing, where the content is re-rendered
         | on the viewer's machine with their settings.
        
           | drewzero1 wrote:
           | I've never figured out how to use it (never had the need) but
           | I've heard GNU 'screen' is capable of sharing the same
           | terminal window to multiple people. Since it runs in the
           | terminal, it would be rendered to each viewer using their own
           | terminal emulator settings.
        
           | praash wrote:
           | https://asciinema.org/
           | 
           | I wish Git(Hub|Lab) READMEs could embed asciinema sessions
           | instead of blurry, bulky, un-seekable GIF clips.
        
         | Nihilartikel wrote:
         | If it's an older panel check to make sure it's not chroma
         | subsampling the red channel.
         | 
         | I had one where I had to change settings to keep any text with
         | red from being a muddy mess.
        
           | bluedino wrote:
           | Switching to straight HDMI instead of USB-C to HDMI fixed it!
        
       | sbf501 wrote:
       | On every term that supports 256-bit color I've mapped this to
       | `dodgerblue` for at least two decades.
        
       | hexo wrote:
       | Speaking of annoying, what's up with that gray (#606060) text
       | again.
        
       | mcv wrote:
       | One issue with this article is that it seems to assume that
       | everybody is using a black background. I know PuTTY supported
       | white backgrounds, because that's what I used. White background
       | makes the blue perfectly readable; suddenly it's bright yellow
       | that might be a problem. So anyone looking to fix terminal
       | colours should not just pay attention to blue, or to how they
       | look on black, but also to yellow and how it looks on white.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | You really need two different palettes for white vs. black
         | background if all the (other) colors are to be readable with
         | good contrast on the respective background.
        
           | Beltalowda wrote:
           | The problem here is that applications can set a background
           | colour, and that as an application you don't know what
           | colours the user defined.
           | 
           | For example Angband just sets the background colour to black
           | (not sure about Nethack), so if you defined colours that work
           | well on a light background you're still going to have a bad
           | time. Quite a few other terminal programs (especially those
           | using ncurses or other interactive TUI interfaces) tend to
           | set a background colour.
           | 
           | There isn't really a good way to deal with this using the
           | default 16 colours other than never setting any background
           | colours, which can be a bit limiting for interactive
           | applications. The best solution is to have application
           | support for this and using 256 or 24 bit "true" colours
           | (256-colour support is pretty much universal, and 24 bit
           | colour support is very wide-spread).
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | The best solution is for the background color (and possibly
             | other colors) to be configurable for the application, as
             | many applications allow. If a user prefers white or black
             | background, he/she usually prefers it in all applications.
             | 
             | 256 or more colors has the drawback that the user can't
             | configure the colors anymore to his/her needs (light vs.
             | dark, high-contrast, color blindness, etc.), unless the
             | application also provides comprehensive theming support. In
             | that case, the 16-color variant is a much simpler solution.
        
       | cesaref wrote:
       | Complaining about colour terminals for nethack? All we had were
       | green screens. But you know, we were happy in those days, though
       | we were poor.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | Heck! Because we were poor!
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | I always use Tango for terminals. Simple, usable and that
       | colorscheme it's available everywhere.
        
       | todd8 wrote:
       | This is a reassuring article. I had started to feel like I was
       | losing eyesight because some "themes" are so hard to read,
       | especially those dark themes using the annoying shade of blue.
       | This is especially true for Emacs users. There are so many themes
       | available for Emacs that finding the good ones can be difficult.
       | 
       | My advice with respect to Emacs themes, the built in themes are
       | quite good and especially the _modus_ themes (and also the
       | package _ef-themes_ ) both by Protesilaos Stavrou.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Nethack, Omega... Angband... Those games are so deep. A true
       | evolutionary sweet spot. I was in love/addiction for a long time.
       | 
       | Naturally I have given much thought to what the next step might
       | be.
       | 
       | No, not prettier pictures, realtime or 3d. All those newfangled
       | mmorpgs took the obvious, and wrong, turn.
       | 
       | Sometimes I think that a different tesselation (than square grid.
       | Something with more directions). And variable size icons.
       | 
       | Would that detract?
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | With BSD games (specially ATC, Tetris, Trek, Adventure and
         | others) you can have fun with very little. Add Slashem and IF
         | games and you can play with a and with a shitty SVGA card.
         | 
         | On "graphical" games, Shadowrun for the Genesis with the 2058
         | patch (ips.pl it's your friend) it's the only "modern" game I
         | play.
         | 
         | And yet Shadowrun pales against Nethack/Slashem's interactivy
         | between monsters, objects, statuses and the world.
        
       | Turing_Machine wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be about that butt-ugly Twitter blue,
       | as seen in every crap Bootstrap site on the net.
        
         | flemhans wrote:
         | Me too!
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | Why not turn off the colorizing? That's the first thing I do
       | (even outside of NetHack), because the colors often render things
       | unreadable.
        
       | blueflow wrote:
       | These "defaults" are the 4-bit colors linearly mapped onto the
       | RGB space. It made the color generation easier to implement in
       | hardware.
       | 
       | I think the sensible use case for this color is as background
       | color, like the Norton Commander, derivatives of it, and several
       | other ncurses programs do.
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | At first I was amazed that the author went into so much detail
         | about this "mistake" without stopping to consider that it may
         | have been due to technical limitations of hardware at the time.
         | But then I realized that there's a whole generation of people
         | who have only known a world with 24-bit color.
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | Exactly! I just wish the article got to the real issue, which
         | is that sRGB isn't a linear color space (roughly quadratic) and
         | your eyes perceive blue luminosity as ~10% of the brightness of
         | green (red is ~%50).
         | 
         | That means that a half blue (00 00 7F) would be 22% as bright
         | as full blue (00 00 FF) with an apparent luminosity (Lab) of
         | 2.2% compared to full green (FF 00 00) or 1.6% of the
         | luminosity of full white (FF FF FF). No wonder it's hard to
         | see!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | This is a problem introduced by Windows. In VGA and earlier
           | text modes, the dim blue was brighter.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Colors
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Yep, the venerable 16-color palette is at least as old as CGA:
         | [1]. And the "annoying" dark blue is not even #00F, it's
         | approximately #00A (and similarly to the other "dark" colors;
         | the "bright" colors are roughly #55F etc.) CGA text mode
         | character cells comprise 16 bits, with 8 bits encoding the
         | character, and 3+1+3+1 bits the foreground color, foreground
         | intensity, background color, and blink state respectively.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Graphics_Adapter#Color_p...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | codeflo wrote:
       | Those colors never looked great, but I remember them being a lot
       | less jarring back then.
       | 
       | At least some of the colors weren't pure binary RGB values as
       | claimed in the article. For example, "dark yellow" was closer to
       | a brown #804000 than #808000. Maybe that depended on the graphics
       | card? Otherwise, I'm not sure why many terminal emulators would
       | have gone with a pure dark yellow instead.
       | 
       | Also, maybe the overall contrast was lower on CRTs. At least I
       | think the blacks were less dark on early monitors, which might
       | have helped to make the colors look less harsh.
        
         | blueflow wrote:
         | The yellow/brown thing was a CGA fix:
         | https://www.aceinnova.com/en/electronics/cga-and-the-brown-c...
        
         | rep_lodsb wrote:
         | CGA used 2/3 brightness (#AA) for the primary colors, then
         | added 1/3 gray (#555555) if the intensity bit was set. The
         | exception is that with low intensity, yellow is turned into
         | brown by reducing green to 1/3 (#AA5500).
         | 
         | Unfortunately a lot of terminal emulators get it wrong, the
         | normal colors are too dark and the intensified ones are too
         | saturated!
         | 
         | I also remember blue being easier to see in the past, but that
         | is likely my eyes getting worse.
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | There's a lesson here for anyone doing a "dark mode" UI as well.
       | Avoid blue.
        
       | lelandfe wrote:
       | > _If your terminal emulator gets told to make text blue, and
       | instead it makes it unreadable, then you can't say that's not a
       | problem with the terminal emulator._
       | 
       | Hear, hear. A neat tool to tell you who will be able to read a
       | combination of background and foreground colors:
       | https://www.whocanuse.com/
        
       | zhte415 wrote:
       | Never being a fan of purple, I do feel Ubuntu get it just right
       | as a background colour - over grey and black as defaults. The
       | screenshots in the article highlight this. While it of course can
       | be changed, kudos for whoever did that. Having given up on Ubuntu
       | over Snaps and going with Debian for everything, this is one of
       | the first settings I changed - back to purple.
       | 
       | Small things are important.
        
         | dwringer wrote:
         | I agree, Ubuntu's seems far more legible than the others. The
         | "new Windows console" design still seems a lot closer than the
         | pathological example they show than it does to the Ubuntu text.
         | It is certainly a step toward being more legible but the
         | contrast still doesn't work for me.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | I spent an unusually large amount of time trying to get this
       | color change just right:
       | https://github.com/solvespace/solvespace/pull/446
       | 
       | It's the blue and yellow only, but IMHO it made Solvespace a lot
       | more readable.
        
         | BWStearns wrote:
         | I love solvespace. Thanks for contributing to it!
        
       | mminer237 wrote:
       | Only somewhat related, but it reminds me how Alacritty actually
       | has its green color set as yellow because the creator thinks it
       | looks nicer: https://github.com/alacritty/alacritty/issues/1561
       | 
       | It's really hard for a terminal developer to trust that what it
       | looks like on your system looks much at all like it will for your
       | users.
       | 
       | Also, I see with the new Windows colors that black has a glow
       | now? Does anyone have any more screenshots of that or is that
       | just something the author added? I ask because it is 100% solid
       | black everywhere for me still.
        
       | hedgehog wrote:
       | The cause is simpler than this article makes it out to be. Older
       | displays had pretty narrow gamuts so very saturated colors washed
       | out to something more legible and the crude palette construction
       | was not much of a problem back then.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Yes, and by the time displays were able to reproduce colors
         | with any reasonable fidelity, every sensible application
         | changed those codes to represent some color that reflected what
         | a person would see on a bad monitor.
         | 
         | The author is just using a terminal with non-sensible defaults
         | (on way more things than color palette), but tries to pin the
         | flaw into everything else (from nethack to our eyes), instead
         | of putty.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | One of the worst "ossifications" of non-standards is the notion
       | that colour is three channels of 0..255, one each for red, green,
       | and blue. Combined with the incorrect assumption that the scale
       | is linear[1], and you have a perfect combination for a Dunning-
       | Kruger effect: A bunch of programmers[2] who think they've
       | figured out "graphics", but haven't even _begun_ to understand
       | how any of it works. Not any of: light, display technology,
       | colour standards, or even the human eye.
       | 
       | A short list of falsehoods programmers believe about vision:
       | 
       | - sRGB is the only graphics standard.
       | 
       | - Monitors are actually sRGB and follow that standard.
       | 
       | - Colour intensities are on a linear scale.
       | 
       | - White is 0x00FFFFFF or 255,255,255
       | 
       | - 50% Grey is half of the above: 127,127,127.
       | 
       | - Blending colours is just a matter of linear interpolation.
       | 
       | - Red, green, and blue have a single consistent definition.
       | 
       | - 8 bits is enough for each colour channel.
       | 
       | - Okay, 10 bits is enough.
       | 
       | - 12 bits is enough, surely.
       | 
       | - 0 means black.
       | 
       | - Okay, 16 means black on televisions.
       | 
       | - Fine, black can have different levels in different standards,
       | but it's always clear which level is black.
       | 
       | - At least the white level is consistently defined.
       | 
       | [1] Narrator: it's not even remotely linear.
       | 
       | [2] Including myself until recently.
        
         | VMG wrote:
         | This would make for an excellent blog post
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | I would, if I thought it would make a difference. It won't.
           | 
           | I just bought a new 2022 model flagship television, and its
           | colour management is very visibly broken![1] My partner, who
           | knows _nothing_ about colour standards mentioned that she
           | thought the colours were  "off" within minutes of using it.
           | 
           | This is the _good_ brand and model according to reviews. I
           | 've seen the other brands in the store, and they're
           | _markedly_ worse.
           | 
           | Like... stupidly bad. Garish beyond belief. People looking
           | like they're wearing clown makeup. Normal colours looking
           | like neon tubes.
           | 
           | Are most people colour blind? Am I weird? Did I marry someone
           | equally weird?
           | 
           | Or is it a mistake to just say: red = 0xFF0000, commit the
           | code, and call it a day?
           | 
           | It's probably just me. Never mind.
           | 
           | [1] Unless I connect an Apple TV to it, on which nothing is
           | broken. It's amazing that only one company on this planet is
           | able to comprehend colour. Every other organisation,
           | propriety limited, corporation, and charity is staffed
           | entirely by colourblind people or robots that see only black
           | and white.
        
             | galangalalgol wrote:
             | I can't even tell the difference between the color settings
             | on my phone or TV. I am not colorblind, I pass those tests.
             | I think maybe I have spent so much time staring at screens
             | in my life that my brain has internalized rgb.
             | 
             | One of the most enlightening things for me long ago was
             | trying to write a converter between wavelength and rgb
             | value. It led to all the right questions.
             | 
             | Ultimately I still dont understand color perception. It is
             | hideously complex. But also so fascinating. The mothers of
             | colorblind men are often tetrachromatic. I really wonder
             | what TV's look like to them, since they assume 3 normal
             | frequency responses.
        
             | finnh wrote:
             | Garishness on new TVs also comes from the "soap opera
             | effect", caused by motion smoothing, which is enabled on
             | every new TV I've seen (and which tends to reset itself
             | every few months on my home TV). Turning that off makes
             | everything so much better.
        
               | dumpsterdiver wrote:
               | On my TV it's called "perfect motion" and it's terrible.
        
             | zokier wrote:
             | > This is the good brand and model according to reviews
             | 
             | Any half-decent review should mention both out-of-the-box
             | colors and "calibrated" colors, or colors in different
             | modes.
             | 
             | Its kinda open secret that the default modes and settings
             | of TVs are absolute bullshit. Most "good" TVs can be
             | adjusted to decent color reproduction (albeit not always
             | without compromises).
             | 
             | It feels like the tide might be turning; stuff like
             | "Filmmaker Mode(tm)" is popping up, and generally people
             | are becoming more aware of the stuff. But that is not
             | without its downsides, just recently there was a story
             | about how big-box stores are price gouging unaware
             | consumers with their "calibration" services that they are
             | very aggressively selling with TVs.
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | Check your TV's settings. Most, if not all, TVs ship in
             | some sort of display demo mode that jacks up the contrast
             | and sharpness and does all kinds of horrible things to make
             | it stand out in the environment of a show floor. On
             | Samsung, it's called "Dynamic" last I knew, but other
             | euphemisms are used by the other manufacturers. I call it
             | "Claw Your Eyes Out Mode", but that's obviously just me.
             | 
             | Generally if you tune your TV to any other "mode" as a base
             | mode, you'll get much better colors. At first it'll look
             | dull next to Claw Your Eyes Out Mode, but stick with it a
             | bit and your eyes will rapidly come to appreciate not being
             | clawed out.
             | 
             | You can also generally find suggested settings for your TV
             | from people who calibrate them with professional tools.
             | You'll see them also say you shouldn't just take them
             | directly because your TV may be different, but from my
             | point of view, the upgrade from CYEOM to "calibrated based
             | on the same model even if it is a different instance" is
             | probably about 99% of the upgrade you can expect and I
             | don't consider the remaining single-percent upgrades that
             | may be theoretically possible to be worth the effort
             | required.
        
             | otikik wrote:
             | Well this is a thing that exists after all:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy
        
             | bdowling wrote:
             | > Unless I connect an Apple TV to it, on which nothing is
             | broken.
             | 
             | Did you calibrate the Apple TV using an iPhone? (e.g.,
             | https://www.macworld.com/article/344476/iphone-apple-tv-
             | colo...)
        
             | skipkey wrote:
             | The problem with the color balance on most TVs is that the
             | red channel has been turned way up. The reason
             | manufacturers do this is it makes the picture stand out
             | when TVs are displayed in a big line. A properly balanced
             | TV looks bland in comparison. And most people don't realize
             | this and have just gotten used to the way things look.
             | 
             | There are other things to do, but usually just turning down
             | red significantly gets you a lot of the way there for
             | minimal effort.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | That's the thing about Dunning-Kruger. It's always invisible.
         | You could be surrounded by a herd of 100-ton Dunning-Krugers
         | and never know it.
        
         | DizzyDoo wrote:
         | > - Blending colours is just a matter of linear interpolation.
         | 
         | I recall there being a particularly contentious bug report for
         | Adobe Photoshop eight or nine years ago. The original thread is
         | here: https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-
         | ideas/p-g... - but all the users have been replaced by
         | "FeedbackCommunityMember", so it's a bit hard to figure out who
         | is talking to who (perhaps someone can find a properly archived
         | url).
         | 
         | In any case, an Adobe product person was unbelievably stubborn
         | about their assumption there is just a single way colours can
         | blend one to another, and that all the other ways couldn't
         | possibly be desirable. It was pretty hard to read.
        
           | Tyrannosaur wrote:
           | That is a pretty wild thread to read. Also funny to note the
           | update- > Special thanks to @bennettf96052341 for his
           | gracious feedback
           | 
           | I remember a youtube video from years ago explaining this
           | problem with photoshop's gradient tool (and other naive
           | implementations), but I can't find it now.
           | 
           | Colors are hard.
        
         | moring wrote:
         | > White is 0x00FFFFFF or 255,255,255
         | 
         | Calling this a falsehood isn't even beginning to describe the
         | problem: - does not distinguish between a white surface
         | (reflects all light) and a white emitter (emits blackbody
         | radiation in a specific temperature range) - there is no
         | maximum intensity for emitted light, but there is a maximum for
         | reflection - RGB (255,255,255) does not produce a blackbody
         | curve -- though it _can_ cause the same reaction as a blackbody
         | curve for people with exactly three working cone types. This
         | point may be wrong on this list because it may be thought of as
         | a solved problem. - RGB (255,255,255) does not specify the
         | temperature - that is before monitors even start being
         | imperfect
         | 
         | Oh, and a general one: An emitted color (e.g. monitor) and a
         | reflected color (e.g. printout) cannot be the "same", ever,
         | because only the latter depends on how it is illuminated.
        
           | rr888 wrote:
           | > An emitted color (e.g. monitor) and a reflected color (e.g.
           | printout) cannot be the "same", ever, because only the latter
           | depends on how it is illuminated.
           | 
           | Surely there is a case when the light coming into your eye is
           | the same for both? If the printout is lit by the monitor
           | wouldn't it be the same?
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | The colors can be the 'same' under a specific illumination
             | condition. Standards that help make sure prints look like
             | your screen specify the illumination condition of viewing,
             | and then demand the spectrum radiating from the screen and
             | paper 'look' the same.
             | 
             | Often this is a daylight lamp shining on the paper with a
             | specified intensity, in an otherwise dark room (I believe)
             | compared to watching the screen in a specific ambient light
             | (again daylight with a given intensity).
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | What about RGB (256, 256, 256) though?
           | 
           | Edit: Oops, I read "there is a maximum for reflection - RGB
           | (255,255,255)" as one statement rather than two fragments but
           | I still like my response. :P
        
             | rr888 wrote:
             | Light speed is too slow!
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | I always understood OxFFFFFF to be "give me all you've got".
           | Of course a quasar is going to be able to emit more powerful
           | photons than a 90s CRT. But if said quasar had a GUI,
           | 0xFFFFFF would mean "master blaster", and the same for the
           | old screen. My expectation as a programmer was never that the
           | colors would have any semblance of "realism" or "uniformity",
           | and to expect variance from machine to machine. Perhaps since
           | I have not involved myself with photography software and kept
           | my budget for displays below the thousands-per-unit this has
           | held true so far
        
         | taneq wrote:
         | Also:
         | 
         | - Pixels are squares
         | 
         | - Pixels are as wide as they are tall
         | 
         | - Limiting the colour gradient across an area will make it look
         | smooth (Mach banding yay)
         | 
         | - The number of bytes in a line of an image is bits_per_pixel *
         | pixels_per_line
         | 
         | - High frame rate means smooth animation
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | And Pink isnt even real :-)
        
         | BrandoElFollito wrote:
         | The first one would be "colors exist as a physical concept".
         | They do not.
         | 
         | There is no relationship between the physical nature of light
         | and what we call "color". A wave has a frequency. There is no
         | concept of "color" associated to a wave.
         | 
         | We statistically put names on some convoluted detector/brain
         | transformations and everyone does the transformation
         | differently. This is why most of the people agree that a tomato
         | is "red".
         | 
         | As an ex-physicist, I hate to speak about colors in a physical
         | context (and yes, we have charts that show that higher
         | frequencies are "blue" and lower ones "red"). Color is a
         | biological concept and should stay that way.
         | 
         | And then, as a farther, I have to explain to my children the
         | convoluted course on _colors_ in high school in France.
         | 
         | Sorry, I had to let off some steam.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | 450 THz electromagnetic waves are unambiguously red light,
           | you can nitpick about the shade of red, how people perceive
           | it, etc... but it is red. It may look differently to
           | colorblind people, or dogs, but it is red. The
           | electromagnetic spectrum of frequencies just lower than red
           | is called infra-red, don't tell me that physicists don't talk
           | about infrared.
           | 
           | If you look up some colors in Wolfram-Alpha you will have
           | precise ranges of frequencies, I am not sure they are
           | officially defined ranges, but colors, at least pure colors
           | correspond to physical quantities.
           | 
           | There is some overlap with biology, and there are some colors
           | are special (brown, purple, ...) and can't be defined by a
           | single frequency. Then you can introduce color perception,
           | and how very real and physical red photons are perceived as
           | red, why a combination of red and green photons are perceived
           | the same way as yellow photons and how spectrometers reveal
           | the difference, and how there are no purple photons.
           | 
           | Composite colors are a bit more complicated, you need to add
           | a bit of math (namely, a color space) in order to formally
           | define them from physical quantities, but saying that it is
           | not a physical concept is going a bit far.
           | 
           | No need to make physics more abstract than it is. Because
           | what's next? Temperature is not a physical concept because we
           | don't all agree on how hot something is? Like color,
           | temperature is a well defined physical concept that is based
           | on our perception.
        
           | NoSorryCannot wrote:
           | This is navel gazing along the lines of cocktail-fueled
           | debates over a tree falling in a forest. Does light still
           | have a color if no one is around to see it?
           | 
           | Fundamentally these words have lots of reasonable wiggle room
           | to expand or narrow their definitions. Still, lots of
           | technical domains would like to be explicit about what is
           | meant, especially when reusing common words, which is why man
           | invented the glossary.
           | 
           | Unfortunately this hasn't stopped endless argumentation over
           | whether a tomato is a fruit or a vegetable. For whatever
           | reason, it's often presumed that the definition of fruit used
           | in botany has "won", even though botany has nothing to tell
           | us about what a vegetable is or how to distinguish one from a
           | fruit.
        
             | BrandoElFollito wrote:
             | I am not sure I understand your point.
             | 
             | On the one hand you have light waves that hit some
             | receptors in the eye. These receptors (various kinds)
             | sensitive to frequencies according to a function. This
             | creates a specific signal that is analyzed by the brain
             | which assigns a "color" to that signal.
             | 
             | Everyone's, to some extent, functions are different. There
             | is a general trend so most people agree on "colors". When
             | you are colorblind, the functions differ drastically (or
             | are just flat).
             | 
             | This is why "color" is a biological concept (same as, say,
             | "pain") to which we are desperately trying to attach three
             | or four numbers (or, worse, a wavelength)
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Remember CGA?
       | 
       | Ah yes, MAGENTA+CYAN. Everybody's favorite palette.
        
         | rep_lodsb wrote:
         | CGA can do quite a bit more:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWDxdoRTZPc (Area 5150 demo)
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | That was dang cool. Thx
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | This is exactly the same palette the BBC Micro had.
       | 
       | It was frustrating to have such a fast computer, high resolution
       | (640x256) and be stuck with those awful colours.
        
       | ComputerGuru wrote:
       | Several years back, frustrated by this same problem and
       | underlying constraints, I spent a weekend writing a machine-aided
       | cost minification algorithm (aka what most startups call
       | "advanced ML") that used LAB and LUV to try and pick 2x8 colors
       | (the eight colors in dark/bright configurations) where the cost
       | was defined as
       | 
       | a) how far apart each of the color pairs was from one another
       | (hue only),
       | 
       | b) how far apart each dark/bright color in a pair were from one
       | another,
       | 
       | c) how high the contrast against a specific background color
       | (provided as a parameter),
       | 
       | d) how far the perceived brightness of any "bright" color
       | differed from the rest of the "bright" colors,
       | 
       | e) how far the perceived brightness of any "dark" color differed
       | from the rest of the "dark" colors,
       | 
       | f) how far each of the 8 base colors strayed from a range that
       | could passably be called the _de facto_ colors mapped to each of
       | the palette members (e.g. cyan, blue, black, white, etc) so that
       | TUI apps using colors not to distinguish but to draw (expecting
       | "blue" to be a shade of blue) would not be thrown off.
       | 
       | Unfortunately I never found the results to be pleasing to the
       | eye. I also think there was something wrong in either the math of
       | the individual cost function factors themselves or the weights
       | assigned to each factor because I didn't feel like the results
       | were properly spaced out or representative of what even a local
       | minima what look like if the math was all correct. I didn't
       | really want to put more time into it than I already had, but I'm
       | convinced that it's possible to generate a fixed set of 2x8
       | colors that meet these conditions for any given background color
       | (at least one for a black or dark grey background and another
       | palette for a white or off-white background).
        
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       (page generated 2022-09-15 23:01 UTC)