[HN Gopher] Best Practices of Civil-Military Relations
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       Best Practices of Civil-Military Relations
        
       Author : lando2319
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2022-09-08 10:10 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (warontherocks.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (warontherocks.com)
        
       | dogman144 wrote:
       | War on the rocks can sometimes read as Officers deploying big
       | words (they are often the authors).
       | 
       | But, good points in all.
       | 
       | Context on this isn't just DJT, it's a significant rot across all
       | of those points since Iraq/Afghanistan started but it dates back
       | to Vietnam.
       | 
       | First, The military internally was getting partisan in
       | uncomfortable ways when I served. Mike Flynn or Mastriano in PA
       | are the craziest example of this, but below the very professional
       | wall of senior leadership, quite a lot of f-Obama and go-Trump
       | went on in carefully angled speech. The junior officer who knew
       | enough to be dangerous but still had a bachelors degree from
       | Phoenix U in criminal justice were large offenders, paired with
       | junior soldiers and their first line leadership from rural
       | wherever.
       | 
       | "Civilian control is exercised within the legislative branch"
       | disappeared as a concept a few years into Iraq/Afg.
       | Authorizations for use of military force (ie congress votes to go
       | to war) were replaced by repeat deployments directed via shady or
       | at least very out of date authorizations. This started in
       | Vietnam. Congress, and by extent the people, seemed to forget
       | there was a war going on after 2006 or so, or take half measures
       | that resulted in danger for deployed service members (what
       | President Obama was accused of most internally).
       | 
       | Judicial branch - UCMJ exists for a very good reason, and there's
       | been more noise and criticism vs substance and nuance about why
       | that should change, again resulting in a very confusing set of
       | norms to navigate for the Commander.
       | 
       | Yes, all the Miley <> DJT stuff was ugly. Miley should go down in
       | our history as a Soldier's Soldier who navigated that all safely.
       | When I got concerned over the last couple years, I'd look to
       | Miley for a rough temp check on how bad it was getting. The more
       | he left total silence and started targeted and veiled pushback
       | against DJT, the more concerning it was.
       | 
       | Mutual trust - again, seems like people forgot there was a war (2
       | wars) on. Poor urban and poor rural and a handful of idealistic
       | middle/upper class went on repeat deployments for years and
       | suffered limbs and divorces. Seems like civilians checked out
       | right around when the halftime show with a large flag ended.
       | 
       | Law enforcement - cops cosplay soldiers, soldiers join law
       | enforcement and think they're still soldiers, military vehicles
       | and TA-50 end up on cops patrolling neighborhoods.
       | 
       | Public role - there hasn't been a universally loud "disbarring"
       | of Michael Flynn. DJT and "his generals."
       | 
       | Elections - when Jan 6 happened, high speed units that usually
       | are in and out of Africa or Middle East had to consult the
       | manuals on if what was happening in DC counted as a special
       | situation. That it even got this close is very bad.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | After a popular 2008 Obama speech viewed by millions in Europe,
         | candidate Obama won the US Elections with enthusiastic,
         | emotional support. Both Europe and his own fans in the USA were
         | confused and dismayed when the record-breaking USA/NATO
         | military budgets went UP AGAIN right after that.. and again,
         | and again, then a new war, then up again..
        
       | canjobear wrote:
       | There seems to be some background lurking behind this text. Could
       | someone explain it?
        
         | dirtyid wrote:
         | https://warontherocks.com/2022/09/not-their-plane-to-land-ge...
         | 
         | > Chris, Melanie, and Zack discuss Doyle Hodges' recent article
         | scrutinizing Gen. Mark Milley's behavior in the waning months
         | of the Trump administration. Journalists have rendered a
         | relatively favorable treatment of Milley's insubordination, but
         | Hodges questions the long-term implications for civil-military
         | relations. Should senior military officers be expected to
         | follow lawful orders, even if they are morally objectionable?
         | Or is resignation the only proper response when those in
         | uniform cannot faithfully execute an order? And is the problem
         | of civil-military relations unique to the Trump administration
         | or does the Milley case portend a future in which the
         | military's standing is filtered through the same partisan
         | lenses that inflict our politics across the board?
        
         | Tangurena2 wrote:
         | There are at least 2 situations that I'm aware of:
         | 
         | *1* For July 4, 2018, Trump wanted a North Korea style parade
         | "in his honor". Some news articles call it a French Bastille-
         | day type of parade [0] because his discussions of what kind of
         | parade he wanted started after returning from the 2017 Bastille
         | Day celebrations (July 17).
         | 
         | > _But the gulf between Trump and the generals was not really
         | about money or practicalities, just as their endless policy
         | battles were not only about clashing views on whether to
         | withdraw from Afghanistan or how to combat the nuclear threat
         | posed by North Korea and Iran. The divide was also a matter of
         | values, of how they viewed the United States itself. That was
         | never clearer than when Trump told his new chief of staff, John
         | Kelly--like Mattis, a retired Marine Corps general--about his
         | vision for Independence Day. "Look, I don't want any wounded
         | guys in the parade," Trump said. "This doesn't look good for
         | me." He explained with distaste that at the Bastille Day parade
         | there had been several formations of injured veterans,
         | including wheelchair-bound soldiers who had lost limbs in
         | battle._
         | 
         | > _Kelly could not believe what he was hearing. "Those are the
         | heroes," he told Trump. "In our society, there's only one group
         | of people who are more heroic than they are--and they are
         | buried over in Arlington." Kelly did not mention that his own
         | son Robert, a lieutenant killed in action in Afghanistan, was
         | among the dead interred there._
         | 
         | > _"I don't want them," Trump repeated. "It doesn't look good
         | for me."
         | 
         | > _The subject came up again during an Oval Office briefing
         | that included Trump, Kelly, and Paul Selva, an Air Force
         | general and the vice-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
         | Kelly joked in his deadpan way about the parade. "Well, you
         | know, General Selva is going to be in charge of organizing the
         | Fourth of July parade," he told the President. Trump did not
         | understand that Kelly was being sarcastic. "So, what do you
         | think of the parade?" Trump asked Selva. Instead of telling
         | Trump what he wanted to hear, Selva was forthright.*
         | 
         | > _"I didn't grow up in the United States, I actually grew up
         | in Portugal," Selva said. "Portugal was a dictatorship--and
         | parades were about showing the people who had the guns. And in
         | this country, we don't do that." He added, "It's not who we
         | are."_
         | 
         | > _Even after this impassioned speech, Trump still did not get
         | it._
         | 
         | > _It turned out that the generals had rules, standards, and
         | expertise, not blind loyalty. The President's loud complaint to
         | John Kelly one day was typical: "You fucking generals, why
         | can't you be like the German generals?"_
         | 
         | > _"Which generals?" Kelly asked._
         | 
         | > _"The German generals in World War II," Trump responded._
         | 
         | > _"You do know that they tried to kill Hitler three times and
         | almost pulled it off?" Kelly said._
         | 
         | > _But, of course, Trump did not know that. "No, no, no, they
         | were totally loyal to him," the President replied. In his
         | version of history, the generals of the Third Reich had been
         | completely subservient to Hitler; this was the model he wanted
         | for his military. Kelly told Trump that there were no such
         | American generals, but the President was determined to test the
         | proposition._
         | 
         | Some of the generals mentioned in the New Yorker article have
         | signed the statement.
         | 
         | *2* After Trump's attempted insurrection on Jan 6, 2021, many
         | people were convinced that Trump would start a nuclear war
         | because he was angry and was going to throw a temper-tantrum:
         | Congress did not overturn the 2020 election, and no one hanged
         | Pence. So some of the generals agreed that if he decided to
         | "push the button" then they were not going to process the
         | orders [1].
         | 
         | > _In the aftermath of the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol,
         | Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Mark Milley -- then former
         | President Donald Trump 's top military adviser -- took
         | precautions to limit Trump's ability to launch a military
         | strike or deploy nuclear weapons, according to a new book by
         | Bob Woodward and Robert Costa of The Washington Post._
         | 
         | > _In "Peril," Woodward and Costa write that Milley was afraid
         | Trump had constructed "his own alternate reality about endless
         | election conspiracies" and was worried the former president
         | could "go rogue," CNN reported._
         | 
         | > _In an rare move, the outlet reported, Milley called a secret
         | meeting of senior military officials at the Pentagon on Jan. 8
         | to review the process for military action -- including
         | launching nuclear weapons. He instructed those in charge of the
         | National Military Command Center, the Pentagon 's war room, not
         | to take orders from anyone without his involvement._
         | 
         | > _Milley also reassured Chinese Gen. Li Zuocheng of the
         | People's Liberation Army that the U.S. had no intention of
         | launching a strike against China, according to the paper. It
         | was one of two secret phone calls shared with Li on the issue._
         | 
         | Holy cow! Calling his counterpart in China promising not to
         | launch nukes if Trump went off the rails? [2]
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/inside-the-
         | war...
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42065714
         | 
         | [2] -
         | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/09/14/gen-...
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | I assume the context of this is the recent discussion around Gen.
       | Mark Milley.
       | 
       | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/15/inside-the-war...
       | 
       | This situation was terrifying, in a way that I think the media
       | didn't cover well at the time. I'm glad they're starting to,
       | because it's terrifying, even existentially so.
        
       | pjc50 wrote:
       | > Politically, military professionals confront an extremely
       | adverse environment characterized by the divisiveness of
       | affective polarization that culminated in the first election in
       | over a century when the peaceful transfer of political power was
       | disrupted and in doubt
       | 
       | This is a lot of words for "Please for god's sake do not put us
       | in the position of having to decide which of the two competing
       | claimants for President is the legitimate one when one or both is
       | ordering us to turn our guns on Americans".
       | 
       | (I remember a Romanian friend of mine explaining the situation
       | after the fall of Ceaucescu; because there was no real legitimate
       | succession, no democracy, and the leader had just been executed
       | by his own security services, there were outbreaks of reports of
       | "terrorism" that led to different army units firing on each other
       | in the streets. It was an incredibly confused situation.)
        
       | dancemethis wrote:
       | The perceived need of a military is the ultimate proof that
       | "humanity" is a currently failing experiment.
       | 
       | The only best practice is to let _civils_ do "civilization", and
       | _militaries_ deal with their "militias" until they rot.
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | war is the continuation of politics by other means. until you
         | have a way to ensure the political process pleases everyone
         | there will be some who disagree, and in some situations will
         | even disagree to the point of violence
        
         | hypertele-Xii wrote:
         | An experiment in civilization that continues to fail is
         | preferable to one that successfully ends.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | every mobile animal hunts in some way.. the evolution is FROM
         | the hunt TO the civilization.. the "proof" statement is drama,
         | not logic here
        
         | hx833001 wrote:
         | What makes you think you'd have civilization without a military
         | to protect it? Have you ever read a history book?
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | There are also no civilizations in history that haven't
           | struggled with disease outbreaks, yet I'm comfortable
           | claiming that a civilization could still thrive if it were
           | able to eliminate disease outbreaks.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | The main job of a military is to loot and plunder other
           | countries.
        
             | hypertele-Xii wrote:
             | Russian military maybe.
        
               | aa-jv wrote:
               | Name an exception to the rule in the modern era. There
               | isn't one.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | A quick search says that's been considered a war crime
               | since Nuremberg, so probably most in the modern era are
               | exceptions. Not all but most, the test I would apply is:
               | do the militaries take accusations of this seriously, or
               | flatly deny them?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | Do you want me to go alphabetically?
               | 
               | Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
               | Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan.
               | 
               | There's 10 countries, I'm not even out of the B's yet,
               | and this is still skipping any country for which I think
               | anyone _might_ try to argue for the military 's main
               | focus to be to "loot and plunder other countries," not
               | whether I agree with that assertion. Hell, I excluded
               | armies whose main focus could arguably be to loot and
               | plunder _its own country_ rather than other countries
               | (hi, Algeria).
               | 
               | And note that there a more countries on my list in this
               | alphabet range than not on the list. Truly, there are
               | more exceptions than examples to your proposed rule in
               | the modern era, a very far cry from "there isn't one"
               | indeed.
        
               | clucas wrote:
               | To my knowledge, the U.S. military has not been used for
               | looting and plundering in the modern era.
               | 
               | If you are going to say "but Iraq 2003!" I would ask you
               | to consider the money we spent funding that expedition
               | vs. the supposed financial gain. The reasons to invade
               | weren't great, but looting and plundering were not among
               | them.
        
               | googlryas wrote:
               | It's also a shame when I hear smart people say Iraq was
               | "about the oil"(a response I'm anticipating for your
               | post). If it was about the oil, it doesn't really make
               | sense that America "let" Russia, China, and a whole other
               | slew of non-US-aligned states get into Iraq to run oil
               | operations there. If it were really about the oil,
               | wouldn't America have locked down Iraq so only we could
               | benefit from it, and not Russia and China?
        
               | hulitu wrote:
               | Now the military only paves the road for other companies
               | to do the job.
        
               | clucas wrote:
               | If you took all the reasons the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003
               | and had to assign assign percentages for how much each
               | one contributed to the decision to invade, what value
               | would you assign to "securing lucrative contracts for
               | defense and oil companies"?
        
             | suoduandao2 wrote:
             | Well, yes. And the best military is so good at its job that
             | it never needs to do it.
             | 
             | I'm sure there's a term for the slight problem that someone
             | who's good at a job usually wants to do it - the Praetorian
             | Paradox maybe?
        
           | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
           | I think the long and full history of people organizing
           | themselves to kill and destroy is the point.
        
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