[HN Gopher] Digitizing Smell: Using Molecular Maps to Understand...
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       Digitizing Smell: Using Molecular Maps to Understand Odor
        
       Author : taubek
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2022-09-07 07:23 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ai.googleblog.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ai.googleblog.com)
        
       | isoprophlex wrote:
       | Some fluff in this PR piece, but I love the message that
       | molecular chemistry can now also benefit from deep learning
       | advances, thanks to graph neural networks. Because molecules are
       | by their nature graphs of atoms, it makes sense to learn a latent
       | representation of a molecular entity with a GNN, and use that for
       | various classification or prediction tasks.
       | 
       | Makes me wonder if the computationally expensive geometry
       | optimization calculations using DFT etc. can be partially done by
       | a GNN. So, pre-optimize a structure with a computationally
       | cheaper GNN to speed up convergence.
        
         | cing wrote:
         | This has been a previous area of research for Google
         | (https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/04/predicting-properties-
         | of-m...). It remains routine to benchmark GNNs and other
         | molecular machine learning models on predicting quantum
         | mechanical properties including energies (which speed up
         | geometry optimization)
        
       | 6stringmerc wrote:
       | I've been wondering for years if it might be possible to use a
       | UAV with a pretty hefty sniffer to check out some areas and
       | detect cannabis pollen. Then it would maneuver toward the origin
       | based on wind data and if it hits it would photo and log GPS and
       | auto fly to base ASAP. Then Subcontract to some hardcore
       | criminals to go rip it off and flip it. Totally risk free money!
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | Cannabis is typically grown with all males removed prior to
         | pollination (aka sinsemilla), so this scenario isn't likely to
         | exist.
         | 
         | This must be tongue in cheek, as even if there are grows with
         | that scenario, that it being a "business idea" is questionable
         | from the start.
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | Pollen is big enough that you could detect it directly.
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | seems like a risk to life (stealing drugs, hiring criminals,
         | etc) when you could just move somewhere where its legal and
         | start a legal business. And all for a fairly low value crop
         | compared to hard drugs.
         | 
         | I mean it doesn't sound impossible it just sounds like it isn't
         | worth it even if you could do it.
        
       | pontifier wrote:
       | Thinking about smell a few years ago I realized that individual
       | differences in odor perception might be due to missing smell
       | receptors.
       | 
       | In color vision we have only three different kinds of cones.
       | Color blindness due to a missing type of cone is present in a
       | substantial portion of the population.
       | 
       | I believe one of my children is colorblind, and it took a long
       | time to figure that out. With a missing smell receptor it would
       | be even more difficult to detect the differences between people.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | I'm curious how much Google's model would be improved by _not_
         | aggregating the individual humans together, instead treating
         | their identities as a part of the dataset.
        
       | durpkingOP wrote:
       | Does this mean we will finally get Smell-o-Vision?
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | Is that like Feel-O-Rama?
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-79Mb_uE9Fk
        
           | ggambetta wrote:
           | I think it's more like the Smell-O-Scope
           | (https://futurama.fandom.com/wiki/Smell-O-Scope).
        
       | olwmc wrote:
       | Obligatory: https://archive.google.com/nose/
        
       | adomasm3 wrote:
       | exciting direction in this largely unexplored area. Empirically
       | we have done a bunch of work with correlating mixtures of
       | molecules to human perception at Volatile AI
       | (https://volatile.ai) and the degrees of variation in mixtures
       | are really wild - a tiny amount of something in a mixture can
       | change the smell perception of the whole mixture. So getting
       | decent results will be so much harder when looking beyond single
       | molecules
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | > recently made discoverable by Google Books, which we
       | subsequently made machine-readable
       | 
       | You might say "WTF? Google Books already made it machine-
       | readable. "
       | 
       | The problem, as you'll discover here;
       | 
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/the-t...
       | 
       | is legal and political. Google has it in digital form, but they
       | can't give it to you, sell it to you, show it to you, or do
       | anything else with it. So the researchers had to re-digitize it.
       | Or maybe ("The Google Books team brought the USDA dataset
       | online.") the researchers had some special help from Google.
        
         | brilee wrote:
         | https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chemicals_Evaluated_as_...
         | 
         | Here's your data.
         | 
         | The "machine digitization" is referring to OCR of the PDFs and
         | subsequent translation of archaic chemical names into SMILES
         | strings.
         | 
         | disclaimer: I work on this team.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | Thanks. I was in Google Patent Litigation, and there was a
           | book I wanted to see. I didn't _know_ it was valuable; if it
           | was, there 'd be no problem buying it, but most of the time,
           | these things were false positives.
           | 
           | Someone in Books offered to let me come over and see it on
           | HIS screen, because he couldn't give me the link even as a
           | Google employee.
           | 
           | But I guess Sciences (or GAS, or whatever it's called), got
           | y'all to help. Good for them (and you).
        
           | csdvrx wrote:
           | > Here's your data.
           | 
           | No. It's the source.
           | 
           | > disclaimer: I work on this team.
           | 
           | Good then: is your research reproducible? As in, do you have
           | some code and data somewhere that can be used to verify your
           | results?
           | 
           | By that, I mean to run it on the input dataset to create
           | something that gives results similar to you GNN results for
           | whatever testset you used (in your example, predicting the
           | mosquito repellency of a set of molecules)
        
       | nico wrote:
       | This is very cool.
       | 
       | It would be great if they could also create an olfactory-nerves-
       | electrical-activity to odor map.
       | 
       | Then maybe with that, a device could be built that you could put
       | in your nose and feel different smells. Kind of like a VR headset
       | but for your nose.
        
       | skbly7 wrote:
       | In case someone is interested about this domain. There was an
       | interesting challenge around it on AIcrowd last year.
       | 
       | It was called 'Learning to Smell' and hosted by popular swiss
       | fragrance and flavour business Firmenich. It contains publicly
       | available dataset, baselines, winner codebases, etc., to play
       | around with.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.aicrowd.com/challenges/learning-to-smell
       | 
       | [2] https://discourse.aicrowd.com/c/learning-to-smell/357
       | 
       | [3] https://www.aicrowd.com/challenges/learning-to-
       | smell/noteboo...
       | 
       | Disclaimer: I have been affiliated with AIcrowd.
        
       | flobosg wrote:
       | If you want to have an idea of the molecular mechanisms involved,
       | last year the structures of an insect odorant receptor in complex
       | with two different odorants was published:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03794-8
        
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       (page generated 2022-09-08 23:01 UTC)