[HN Gopher] Understanding gambling addiction (2012)
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       Understanding gambling addiction (2012)
        
       Author : robbybaron
       Score  : 48 points
       Date   : 2022-09-06 19:11 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.mit.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.mit.edu)
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | I will forever maintain that loot boxes are inherently worse than
       | casino gaming because they target people who haven't had the
       | education to understand probability, and laws should be altered
       | to regulate them just as all casino games are regulated. What is
       | a loot box but a way to groom children to gamble away their
       | money? And even worse, there's no return on these boxes. Not only
       | are they randomized, but in the event that you win a desirable
       | prize (and these are few and far between... the game developers
       | know this), you receive a digital asset that can't be traded.
       | Some companies are going into NFTs in order to justify this
       | behavior by allowing people to trade these assets, but that's
       | essentially just gambling one step removed.
       | 
       | EA made $1.6B last year from "Ultimate Game Mode" in their FIFA
       | game, which essentially allows gamers to gamble away their money
       | to access players from across FIFA leagues to build into a custom
       | team. A reddit thread I found showed that many people were
       | spending $1K+ annually just to have access to the same characters
       | year after year in this gambling scheme because the characters
       | are not transferable to next year's game.
        
       | philippejara wrote:
       | Framing gambling in that matter is quite interesting and does
       | line up with the allure of the quite recent explosion in
       | streamers doing straight up "online casino" gambling. Also shines
       | a light in the other forms of gambling videogame streamers do
       | related to lootboxes and why it attracts so many eyes, you're
       | almost living in this "zone" thru the broadcaster.
       | 
       | It does seem to be kind of similar to the "zone" in programming,
       | it's not uncommon to finish a task you were planning and just to
       | keep in the zone I started doing extra features, many times that
       | would be scrapped later because it was not relevant but just due
       | to the inertia and to not have to switch context.
       | 
       | There's also an interesting question there regarding adhd and
       | gambling, I'd imagine the hyper fixation would definitely make
       | the issue more acute. A quick search got me this[0] meta-study
       | which seems to find some link between adhd symptoms and problem
       | gambling, I'm no medical scholar however so don't take my word
       | for it.
       | 
       | [0]: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26832122/
        
         | Bakary wrote:
         | I wonder if the term 'hyper fixation' isn't a bit misleading
         | when it comes to ADHD. It's often marketed by sufferers as a
         | light superpower, but rather than being able to focus it's more
         | an inability to defocus, which is a significant difference even
         | if the end result seems similar.
        
         | davidhay wrote:
         | Good point and there is an overall high correlation between
         | addiction in general and ADHD.
        
         | thr0wawayf00 wrote:
         | ADHD has a very well-established connection to substance abuse
         | and addiction so a link to gambling makes sense as well. ADHD
         | can be difficult to diagnose but the substance abuse connection
         | is frequently discussed in the community as it relates to
         | compulsive behavior.
        
         | JusticeJuice wrote:
         | The article doesn't explicitly say it, but "the zone" certainly
         | sounds a lot like flow state[0].
         | 
         | Like when you're really engrossed in a task it certainly is
         | pleasurable, and it like really does make you forget about all
         | the other worries and problems and anxieties of the rest of
         | your life.
         | 
         | This framing does match my own personal experience with video
         | games, I could waste hours grinding queues - it's like just
         | putting everything else on pause.
         | 
         | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(psychology)
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | I believe that the human mind is a symphony of signals, and a
           | cacophony of contradicting forces at work. Flow-state is a
           | broad description of "active and steady" but that could
           | describe lots of very different things.. the torpid insensate
           | cocoon of the opiate user, to the comfortable zen of a
           | regular meditator; an accountant doing their third week
           | Wednesday "rollups", an aerobics instructor doing a regular
           | routine with thirty students at a gym; the captain of a small
           | sail boat going down a regular route.. many more. These
           | mental states are quite different, yet could be described as
           | "flow"
        
           | boilerupnc wrote:
           | And mine as well ... but in art. I would lose track of hours
           | during a pencil sketching session. It was partially
           | meditative, partially distraction and partially hyper-focus,
           | but 100% relaxing and enjoyable.
        
       | alexander_singh wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see a Reframe-like company in the
       | space of gambling addictions.
        
       | tomgp wrote:
       | Addiction By Design is one of the very best non fiction books
       | I've read. I highly recomend it to anyone interested in the
       | intersection of tech/ society/ psychology/ capital/ design and a
       | whole bunch of other stuff. It really is fantastic (if
       | occasionally more than a a little bit bleak)
        
       | yamrzou wrote:
       | (2012)
        
       | throwaway188ga wrote:
       | I have an addiction (not gambling) and my life has been changed
       | by a 12 step program. I can't say it will work for everyone, but
       | it's worked for a lot of people.
       | 
       | https://www.gamblersanonymous.org/ga/
        
       | Sin2x wrote:
       | Gambling addiction is not different from social media addiction,
       | i.e. brain seeking dopamine rush. The question is how to
       | practically desensitize.
        
         | jstx1 wrote:
         | This seems like a very superficial conclusion, they're very
         | different in practice.
         | 
         | - you can't go broke from spending too much time on
         | facebook/twitter/instagram
         | 
         | - doing something dumb on social media usually doesn't come
         | with the same feeling of regret that's common in people who try
         | to stop gambling but can't
         | 
         | - social media might be addictive but it's a weakly negative,
         | comfy, it-feels-good-when-my-attention-is-here type of
         | addiction, gambling is a whole other beast
         | 
         | - there is very little shame in talking about how much time you
         | spend on social media, hiding gambling losses on the other hand
         | is much more common
         | 
         | Sure, dopamine is probably something they have in common,
         | that's where the similarities end.
        
           | Flankk wrote:
        
         | banannaise wrote:
         | Or to build things that use that attention/addiction in less
         | harmful ways. Gambling addiction is only a serious problem if
         | gambling is a process of consistently losing things of value.
         | Casinos (defined broadly) are not an inherent feature of the
         | world; they are an optimization to convert other people's
         | attention and/or addiction into revenue.
        
           | Tyr42 wrote:
           | I mean, it takes time too, not just money.
        
             | banannaise wrote:
             | And if time is used enjoyably, what problem is that? We're
             | not here to be productive at every waking moment.
        
       | elliekelly wrote:
       | I think about this Australian woman[1] all the time. It's clear
       | that the prospect of winning money isn't the primary motivation
       | for most problem gamblers and gambling addicts and it scares me
       | to think of the implications, especially when helped along by
       | technology. I think those of us who aren't problem gamblers have
       | an easier time turning a blind eye to the predatory nature of
       | gambling because for most of us the fun _is_ winning a few bucks
       | on a penny slot or putting $10 on black. (Or at least we think it
       | is!)
       | 
       | But, like the app in the article I linked, what's a casino that
       | takes in real money but never pays out? It's hard to see it as
       | anything other than predatory. And while the woman shouldn't have
       | embezzled funds from her employer we've sent her to prison and
       | then allowed the obviously exploitative app to continue
       | operating. And when some other unlucky person who is, for
       | whatever reason, predisposed to problem gambling becomes addicted
       | to this app and it ruins their life and possibly the lives of
       | their friends and family we'll again focus on the "personal
       | responsibility" of the victim and ignore the system and industry
       | that not only facilitated but targeted and then nurtured the
       | victim's problem in order to profit.
       | 
       | [1]https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7547225/woman-
       | stole-9...
        
         | tomgp wrote:
         | There's a fairly large section in Addiction By Design (the book
         | which the OP is talking about) dealing with the specifics of
         | machine gambling industry in Australia. Highly reccomend it!
        
         | ratg13 wrote:
         | > _It's clear that the prospect of winning money isn't the
         | primary motivation for most problem gamblers_
         | 
         | It's been measured that the dopamine rush for gamblers comes
         | when they place a bet, not when they win.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | This excerpt from a memoir by Norm Macdonald provides insight
           | into this mindset:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0V-C5yr5sg
        
             | fernandopj wrote:
             | Which anecdotally is what I've noted playing poker against
             | phenomenal losers (and also in a few poker blogs) - it's
             | all about the moment where their "life" hangs in the
             | balance and the final cards haven't been dealt yet. The
             | results don't matter, wins are celebrated just because they
             | allow to play longer.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | Interesting. Do you know whether this is true for _all_
           | gamblers? Or only for problem gamblers? If it's true of
           | everyone then I wonder what the difference is between people
           | who can walk away and those who feel compelled to keep
           | playing.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | "these games become an all-consuming pursuit, a way of shutting
       | out the world and its problems for long, long stretches of time."
       | 
       | So like all other addictions.
        
       | spaghettiToy wrote:
       | Does anyone else see gambling as worse than ever?
       | 
       | Maybe I'm young and didn't experience it, but in the 90s you
       | would plan a trip to Vegas and lose a few hundred dollars.
       | 
       | Today I see people doing this from their phone on every random
       | sports game. Further there are constant ads on TV, the Internet,
       | and on billboards.
       | 
       | I'm fortunate for a teacher who says "gambling is a tax on people
       | who can't do math". And having tried gambling, it was a labor
       | intensive way to lose money.
        
         | fishcrackers wrote:
         | not at all, I saw this ad yesterday and everything seems fine
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjsv5haDg7E
        
           | spaghettiToy wrote:
           | Yikes!....
           | 
           | Not sure if I want to advance brain science, maybe these
           | companies can be legally held accountable... Or maybe
           | gambling companies will get to the research first and
           | manipulate us.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | Legally held accountable for what, exactly? Providing a
             | service that is explicitly legal and heavily regulated?
        
               | nico wrote:
               | Like subprime mortgages?
               | 
               | Sometimes legal and heavily regulated activities can
               | still have devastating results.
               | 
               | Legal != moral
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | My question had nothing to do with morality (which is
               | subjective, of course) but with legality. So I'm not sure
               | what you're getting at.
        
               | nico wrote:
               | The comment you replied to above, expressed that
               | organizations and people involved in exploiting gambling
               | addicts should be punished for doing so.
               | 
               | Sure, they said "legally held accountable" and you
               | replied that these organizations are already operating
               | legally.
               | 
               | So then the matter is: should these companies be allowed
               | to continue operating as they currently do because it's
               | legal? Or should we push for laws/regulations to be
               | changed so they stop exploiting people?
               | 
               | This is not a matter of fact issue. It's a moral,
               | political, and yes subjective, issue.
               | 
               | So your question, even if you didn't intend it to, very
               | much has to do with morality.
        
         | bearjaws wrote:
         | I was born in Miami and I would say its become far more
         | accessible, specifically fantasy sports betting.
         | 
         | Maybe Miami isn't a great example, but you had every form
         | available, cock fighting, dog fighting, grey hound racing,
         | horse racing, dice, cards, illegal street racing...
         | 
         | Any event that brought people together had its gambling, it
         | just wasn't available in an app.
         | 
         | My guess is the apps have actually reduced the amount of
         | gambling in these other areas (both illegal and legal).
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | Here in the Netherlands the government decided to legalize
         | online gambling smack in the middle of the covid crisis. There
         | were adverts for it everywhere, to the point that even many
         | regular people (who in my experience normally aren't against
         | advertising at all) expressed their annoyance and there is talk
         | of curbing advertisements for online gambling (not sure if and
         | to what extent this has actually happened). Completely nuts
         | that they were giving weekly press conferences about how
         | vulnerable and lonely people are and that we have to take care
         | of each other, and then do this at the same time.
        
         | ianbutler wrote:
         | The only gambling I've done was a Sunday poker night with
         | friends for relatively low stakes and that was over 4 years
         | ago. Right now I see ads for sports betting all the time and
         | its ridiculous. Not only do I really not care much for sports
         | (except formula 1 --- maybe football during end of season) I
         | have never gone to a casino, never so much as looked at a
         | sports betting site and I see them all the time. I'm simply not
         | interested.
         | 
         | I keep blocking them on twitter and sharing not interested on
         | reddit but it doesn't seem to change much.
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | Check out uBlock Origin.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | The freedom crowd loves gambling. It's nuts.
         | 
         | Everything from kids arcades to sports has turned into a grand
         | casino. The sports thing is a particular bummer as it will
         | change sports in what imo a bad thing.
        
         | Bakary wrote:
         | I don't think it's just gambling. Gambling is a subset of a
         | larger problem, which is that it's easier than ever for smart
         | but ruthless people to extract money out of the rest of the
         | population.
         | 
         | It's probably the case that the majority of the smartest people
         | in the most recent generations are involved in rent-seeking,
         | Ponzi schemes, advertising, and/or skinner box creation in the
         | form of FAANGs or other tech/fintech/crypto companies.
        
         | synu wrote:
         | Children have been on a gambling funnel thanks to loot boxes
         | for about ten years, so we should start seeing the societal
         | impacts now.
        
           | MontyCarloHall wrote:
           | Kids have been at it for way longer than that. What are packs
           | of trading cards, if not loot boxes in the physical world? I
           | knew plenty of kids who spent all their allowance money on
           | packs of Pokemon cards, hoping to score that rare Charizard.
        
             | synu wrote:
             | They've really amped up the dopamine triggers and optimised
             | the addiction loop since the days of opening up a pack of
             | cards.
        
               | elliekelly wrote:
               | And removed _all_ of the friction. They're available 24
               | hours a day in unlimited quantities. You don't have to
               | wait until after school. You don't have to wait for the
               | local toy store to open. You don't have to wait for the
               | store to have them in stock. The next box is always just
               | one push of a button away.
        
         | kradeelav wrote:
         | I got introduced to a gacha game for the first time about 2
         | years ago, compared with classic mid 2000's Gamecube games.
         | Gacha is a type of Japanese gambling game that is found on
         | mobile phones, and can be tied to various media properties to
         | link into pre-existing fondness for characters.
         | 
         | I don't consider myself as having an addictive personality
         | (only got a smartphone about the same time, etc) but it has
         | been an education in how much effort one has to put into not
         | making it take over your life. If I didn't have a strict "only
         | money you spend on this is the flat 5$ monthly subscription
         | fee, no more" rule, I can easily see a bad night wrecking havoc
         | on a pocketbook. The thought with the subscription for me, is
         | that the gameplay's fun enough for me to spend a starbucks-a-
         | month on it.
         | 
         | The wildest thing is, this specific gacha (Fire Emblem Heroes)
         | is considered _very tame_ compared to most gachas, when it 's
         | all said and done.
         | 
         | Given the popularity (an order of magnitude larger than FEH) of
         | other gachas like Genshin Impact among Gen Z ... and the horror
         | stories I've been hearing of former friends backstabbing each
         | other and sabotaging fandom projects to steal money for gacha
         | addictions ... this worries me.
        
         | philippejara wrote:
         | I wouldn't minimize the gambling problem as just "plan a trip
         | to vegas and lose a few hundred dollars", even before the
         | widespread internet gambling was a serious issue. I can't speak
         | for the US but from where I'm from "analog" gambling has a much
         | wider array of options than just casinos(including illegal
         | casinos), and those tend to be available locally everywhere in
         | some manner even today.
         | 
         | It probably is worse than ever I do agree, the internet age
         | gives far too much visibility and access to it, to the point
         | where the most popular sports games have progression pretty
         | much tied to some form of lootboxes, and that's before even
         | getting into the rabbit hole of gacha.
         | 
         | The acceptance of loot boxes because "it was just cosmetic" was
         | a tragic slippery slope, all the problems with having cosmetics
         | on said loot boxes aside, that turned into "you can also buy it
         | with in-game currency", which then started offering in-game
         | currency for purchase and making the prices to buy said things
         | extraordinary, which generated a lot of money and allowed for a
         | free release that would then feed the circle over again.
        
         | lmkg wrote:
         | There are several reasons why it is more accessible than
         | before. One is internet gambling. Another is that SCOTUS struck
         | down a federal law banning sports betting in 2018. So gambling
         | used to be a "big thing" involving a trip to Vegas (or Atlantic
         | City or whatever). Now it's something comparable to scrolling
         | Facebook.
         | 
         | Many of the laws around gambling are still quasi-religious
         | morality rules from the Prohibition era, focusing on Games of
         | Chance. Regulation has not caught up to the current
         | understanding of gambling as an addiction.
        
         | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
         | It's DEFINITELY much worse that before, for the sufficient and
         | simple reason you stated, it's just that much easier to gamble
         | these days. I know a colleague at work with a problem, who
         | comes into work after the weekend cussing out his wife for
         | hiding his credit card after he loses a few hundred bucks on
         | Friday night.
         | 
         | I know another guy who only ever talks about his wins, which
         | has me guessing he must be badly in debt just based on the long
         | odds. Both of these colleagues are Asian-American, and for them
         | it seems just culturally OK to do these things.
        
         | wombat-man wrote:
         | Gambling is kinda fun if you stay in your limits. I think it
         | really pulls in people who are just bored in life.
         | 
         | Online sports betting is just not fun for me. I want to get a
         | betting slip and walk away with dollars. Doing it on the phone
         | feels very lame to me for some reason. Probably for the best. I
         | also just don't have time to actually learn stuff about what
         | could affect the game, so I mostly just make fun bets.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | I will counterpoint this. I seem to have very high risk
           | aversion, but I still tried blowing a couple hundred for my
           | brother's bachelor party. It was the first time I had ever
           | done real gambling, in a casino. I was excited to play slots,
           | because I've had times in one videogame or another to play an
           | example of slots and it was fun to make the numbers go up.
           | 
           | Gambling isn't fun. The slot machines are just bright lights,
           | and the vast majority of their exterior is spent on
           | explaining the rules so they can have extremely complicated
           | games so they can legally boost payouts, without violating
           | the law. The very first machine I touched was something
           | involving ducks. I put in a twenty, pressed a button, and
           | lost ten dollars a second later. I literally sat there
           | wondering if I had missed something, or didn't understand how
           | to play.
           | 
           | Okay, whatever that's a higher stakes game than I should be
           | playing. So I moved onto the "penny" slots, which are
           | contrived bullshit machines. They "run" fifty "bets"
           | simultaneously so that one actual play is 50 cents but can
           | claim that each "game" is only a penny. So I got to actually
           | playing, pressing the bet button, getting the reels spinning,
           | and winning and losing.
           | 
           | There's nothing there. There are beeps and boops and things
           | moving, but like, so what? It isn't the 50s anymore, we
           | shouldn't really be entertained by the most basic beeps and
           | boops that were possible before transistors were invented. We
           | are well past pong in this day an age, shouldn't there be
           | something more? It's also VERY obvious from right the first
           | second that you WILL lose more than you win. After just ten
           | plays you will have a pretty good idea of the downward trend
           | you face, even if you somehow get big wins here and there.
           | 
           | So I move from machine to machine. I eventually find a
           | machine made by konami, you know, the guys behind huge
           | popular video game franchises, like castlevania and metal
           | gear and DDR. Turns out they make a lot of gambling machines
           | nowadays, and pretty much only those. This machine had a
           | large high resolution display, and bright lights and loud
           | sounds. But, it was exactly the same. It's just a few digital
           | reels that pretend to spin and lock into whatever set up the
           | RNG already decided you will get.
           | 
           | Okay, fine, I've always wanted to play blackjack and I have
           | $100 here I've decided to play until gone. So I go look at
           | the card tables. Turns out, every game has bespoke rules on
           | how you are allowed to bet, how you can play, and the game
           | runs at an absurd pace. Not only can you not use simple and
           | classic blackjack strategy because of the limited betting
           | system, but it nakedly shows how stupid gambling is at all,
           | because the rules unilaterally limit any possible upside for
           | the player, while leaving their downside wide open. A simple
           | house edge was not enough for this rule set, instead you are
           | required to set a personal max bet before each round, and it
           | doesn't matter how good you do that round you can't bet more
           | than that ante. The quick pace also makes it impossible to
           | actually think on your cards, decided how good you think that
           | is, and bet accordingly. Meanwhile, all the other players at
           | the table have obviously been here every day this month, are
           | losing hundreds every few hands, and keep telling you about
           | their "system" that totally works and definitely beats the
           | super stacked rules in this game.
           | 
           | That was it. That's when I realized that gambling isn't fun.
           | Gambling games simply are not designed to be fun, because
           | nobody plays them for fun. A more fun game does not bring in
           | more money for the casino. Instead, they make more money by
           | simply running more "games" per second, because most
           | regulation is around the odds you are allowed to set up "per
           | game" essentially. Look back at that konami slot. They make
           | ACTUAL games, for ACTUAL fun, at least at one point. Compare
           | the konami slot machine to an arcade cabinet of Gradius; It's
           | literally designed to kill you and take your coin once every
           | minute or so. And that is still less greedy, over-engineered,
           | optimized, and hollowed out than even the simplest slot
           | machine I could find. Castlevania is fun. Metal gear is fun,
           | even though I think the story is dumb. DDR is incredible fun.
           | Slot machines and gambling are not fun unless you get that
           | magic hit of dopamine every time you press that button, and
           | if you do, you are directly susceptible to being physically
           | addicted to gambling, and every single light, sound, smell,
           | touch in that building has been expressly optimized to give
           | you that hit of dopamine and get you addicted.
           | 
           | I don't understand why anyone defends it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jrm4 wrote:
       | I'd say the biggest takeaway from this article might not be
       | gambling itself, but how social media et al exploit this _exact_
       | mechanism.
        
       | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
       | "It's the flow of the experience that people are after. Money to
       | them is a means to sit there longer, not an end. They don't win a
       | jackpot and leave, they win a jackpot and sit there until it's
       | gone."
        
       | MrFantastic wrote:
       | It's hard to sympathize with people that play games in casinos
       | that clearly state you will lose on average 3% with every bet.
        
         | stnmtn wrote:
         | Sympathy and empathy are hard, and to be sympathetic means
         | stepping out of your own shoes to try to understand people and
         | situations that you don't understand.
        
           | Something1234 wrote:
           | Wait I thought empathy was the one out of my shoes and
           | sympathy was feeling bad on someone else's behalf?
        
             | stnmtn wrote:
             | I looked it up and you're right! I thought they were more
             | or less interchangeable but it looks like that's not true.
             | Similar to how jealousy and envy are different
        
         | wikfwikf wrote:
         | I do not find it hard to sympathize with them; I have a lot of
         | sympathy for them.
        
       | rpmw wrote:
       | Sounds like MMO grinds to me
        
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