[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Which startups have the most interesting piv...
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       Ask HN: Which startups have the most interesting pivot stories?
        
       Someone on HN said Notion started as a research tool. Couldn't find
       info on that online, but it got me interested in thinking about
       unusual/interesting pivots. I've read about some of the big ones
       (Odeo --> Twitter, Tote --> Pinterest), but curious if anyone has
       more recent or lesser known ones.
        
       Author : jd_illa
       Score  : 76 points
       Date   : 2022-09-06 17:46 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | Cisco is a famous example. They were founded to build a clone of
       | the beloved PDP-10 mainframe. To bring in some cash they made
       | copies of the stanford LAN routers the team had designed and
       | built at Stanford. Turns out a lot of people wanted networking
       | gear.
       | 
       | Years later some of the founders founded XKL to make a PDP-10
       | clone.
        
         | pinewurst wrote:
         | Which in turn pivoted to optical networking equipment. ;)
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Well by that point the market for PDP-10s was pretty much
           | nil.
        
       | tesseract wrote:
       | Game Neverending --> Flickr
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | Then he started another game company which became Slack!
        
           | lucakiebel wrote:
           | The guy doesn't sound like he's that good at game companies,
           | still should probably continue though
        
             | mxuribe wrote:
             | Unless...This is a mind trick that he uses to trick his
             | mind into thinking that *this time* I'll really develop a
             | game...and then fully expecting that something else will be
             | created! I mean, some other creative people resort to all
             | manner of tricks - like alcohol, weed, etc. - just to
             | trigger the muse and serendipitous invention!
        
             | papreclip wrote:
             | maybe he's just tricking game devs into applying their work
             | ethic to other product lines
        
           | eps wrote:
           | It was called Glitch and it was _super_ dorky.
           | 
           | But it was after their Flickr exit, so they were basically
           | doing what they wanted for a while.
        
       | killvenom wrote:
       | Netscape started as a virtual conference room back in the 90s
       | before they had to scale it back to just a browser.
       | 
       | Twitch aka JustinTV, at one point the founding team tried to sell
       | coffee tables with your blog post of choice printed on it.
        
       | raldi wrote:
       | Nintendo was a century-old family business making some of the
       | best playing cards in Japan; when the old CEO was about to pass
       | the baton to his descendent, the latter took a trip to the world
       | headquarters of Bicycle, the biggest playing-card manufacturer in
       | the world, and was shocked to see it was like two floors of a
       | generic office building, and decided immediately to pivot the
       | company into a bigger pond.
        
       | vcryan wrote:
        
         | paulcnichols wrote:
         | Nice burn
        
       | fakethenews2022 wrote:
       | I really dislike these stories because virtually all these
       | companies lose the script (no second act). It seems that
       | companies that start with a larger vision have multiple acts.
       | Microsoft with software going from programming tools to OS to
       | office to cloud. Apple with computing going from computers to
       | iPods, phones, and tablets. Google with organizing the worlds
       | information and making it accessible. Perhaps it is survival bias
       | or perhaps I am mistaken.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | I'm not sure Microsoft had such a grand vision early on; they
         | were late to the Internet after all. And their public cloud
         | play came along later as well. Neither did Apple. And I'd say
         | that Google went from organizing the world's information to
         | mostly selling ads.
        
           | fakethenews2022 wrote:
           | I would say that Google monetized organizing the world's
           | information by selling ads. That is pretty exactly what they
           | did with search and search ads.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Except that they largely deprioritized things besides
             | search because they couldn't monetize to the same degree.
             | Google Reader, Scholar, Books (and yes I know there were
             | legal issues), Deja News/Groups, etc. They continue to sort
             | of support things like Blogger but they're clearly not a
             | priority. To Google, the "world's information" is mostly
             | restricted to information they can serve search ads
             | against.
        
               | fakethenews2022 wrote:
               | Agree but still a grand vision. Organizing the world's
               | monetizable information and making it accessible.
               | 
               | They added the monetizable part later.
               | 
               | There has been other information besides the web that
               | they have organized: YouTube.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I don't really disagree. They narrowed their vision over
               | time but did start out with a grand vision.
        
       | beeskneecaps wrote:
       | Apparently Nextdoor was previously a "crowdsourced almanac of
       | professional and college athletes" called Fanbase
       | https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/fanbase
       | 
       | Pivot story: https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-VCDB-16558
        
       | jasode wrote:
       | Brian Armstrong pivoted from "payments enabler for Bitcoin"
       | (Bitbank) -- to -- "cryptocurrencies exchange" (Coinbase) :
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26815403
       | 
       | In other words, he pivoted from an idea analogous to
       | Visa/PayPal/Stripe/etc -- to -- a forex exchange market and
       | financial broker/custodian.
       | 
       | [To downvoters, if my information is incorrect, please add the
       | correction. I linked Brian's 2012 text where he described what he
       | was initially trying to create.]
        
         | nl wrote:
         | I think you are being downvoted because you pretty clearly need
         | to build the exchange to make the payment thing work.
         | 
         | They just never got to that part, so it's arguable if it's a
         | pivot.
        
       | k4ch0w wrote:
       | Slack, MMO to Chat client is probably the most interesting and
       | stark pivot
        
         | dvtrn wrote:
         | Slack? The chat app that everyone has very strongly held
         | opinions on? _that_ slack?
         | 
         | It started as an MMO? I never knew this and have got to go read
         | about it now, that IS an interesting pivot.
        
           | preommr wrote:
           | Not even the first time that happened.
           | 
           | Stewart Butterfield previously tried to make a game that
           | eventually became flickr.
        
             | sjg1729 wrote:
             | And discord was split off from a LoL-like game when it
             | turned out to be the best part about it
        
           | pnw wrote:
           | Enjoy! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6O5QXj6n18
        
           | bink wrote:
           | IIRC some of the animated characters that show up with error
           | messages are from the old game.
        
           | PStamatiou wrote:
           | More on that here: https://mashable.com/article/slack-glitch
           | 
           | https://www.glitchthegame.com/
        
       | didgetmaster wrote:
       | It could depend on what is considered 'a pivot'. Some companies
       | start out with grandiose plans only to find out that they don't
       | have enough money or other resources to develop, market, and
       | support 'Plan A'. So they take a piece of what they already have
       | working and build a product around that to 'prime the pump'.
       | Before they know it, the pump primer turns into 'Plan B' and they
       | never get back to the original plan.
       | 
       | I have experienced some of that with my current project. It is
       | designed to be a global distributed data management system, but I
       | am currently marketing it as a simple data analytics tool because
       | that is the part that is working the best right now.
       | https://www.Didgets.com
        
       | hbrn wrote:
       | Plaid was originally a budgeting app. After realizing how
       | terrible banking APIs are, they pivoted to building a developer-
       | friendly banking API. Now their valuation is 10B+.
        
         | bot41 wrote:
         | That is not that interesting. It's something everyone realizes
         | when they try make a budgeting app. Plaid decided to break the
         | rules to create a product. They collected end users
         | authentication details and pretended to be them to scrape data
         | from financial institutions.
        
         | Xcelerate wrote:
         | So what goes wrong with budgeting apps? Sounds like there would
         | be a huge market for personal (or small business) finance,
         | targeting traditional CPA/CFP approaches.
        
           | 1270018080 wrote:
           | My dumb guess: The people financially-conscious enough to
           | budget aren't the ones willing to pay for a budgeting
           | service.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | Ahhhh, I didn't realise the VISA buyout fell through.
         | 
         | Plaid then got a 2021 round of $425MM at a $13.4B valuation
         | "according to a person familiar with the matter".
         | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/07/plaid-hits-13point4-billion-...
        
       | quartz wrote:
       | Segment was a wildly successful one (with a big exit). They
       | started out as an education tool startup.
       | 
       | Also Slack was a MMORPG for something like 3-4 years before they
       | gave up on it and pivoted to being a chat app.
        
         | rmason wrote:
         | The Segment crew tried a couple of ideas without any success.
         | Segment was an open source project that they wrote for one of
         | the startup ideas and it had much more success. They weren't in
         | agreement but the partners didn't have any better ideas, they
         | were down to the last of their capital so they launched a
         | commercial version of their open source.
         | 
         | https://venturebeat.com/business/how-segment-survived-its-br...
        
       | activitypea wrote:
       | I believe both Slack and Discord started developing video games,
       | then realized the communication tools for large video game-scale
       | teams aren't good enough.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | BOYSTOYS.COM, which ran a strip club in San Francisco, pivoted to
       | manufacturing antifreeze as GlyEco.
       | 
       | Yes, someone did a full-scale IPO for a San Francisco strip club
       | during the original dot-com boom. Ticker symbol GRLZ. SEC central
       | index key 0000931799, if you want to track the history of the
       | company.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | In the very old days Phar Lap made a compiler. They ran out of
       | room in 64K so they wrote the DOS Extender. It was a far more
       | popular tool than their compiler, so they sold that, for a
       | decade, from 1986 until Win95 came out with 32-bit support.
       | 
       | They have indeed erased the original compiler from the company
       | history. But the company name itself, Phar Lap, was a reference
       | to the racehorse because their compiler was going to be fast.
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | 640KB, not 64. That limit was such a ridiculous pain.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_memory
        
         | yen223 wrote:
         | > "In the very old days Phar Lap made a compiler"
         | 
         | Having heard of the racehorse and not the company, this
         | sentence tripped me up a bit
        
       | obayesshelton wrote:
       | Slack is a great story.
       | 
       | Basically a tool they built in-house, the company were going bust
       | and they realised that the "tool" had some value and out popped
       | Slack
       | 
       | https://review.firstround.com/From-0-to-1B-Slacks-Founder-Sh...
        
         | axit wrote:
         | Funny thing is this was the second time Stewart Butterfield
         | tried to build a massively multiplayer game and pivoted the
         | company. The first one was Flickr!
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Butterfield
        
       | imron wrote:
       | Nokia used to make toilet paper and rubber boots.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nokia
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | qznc wrote:
       | Warren Buffet turned a textile manufacturing company into a
       | holding.
       | 
       | An automatic loom manufacture got turned into one of the biggest
       | automobile companies: Toyota
       | 
       | Nokia was initially a pulp mill.
       | 
       | Microsoft initially sold a BASIC interpreter, then a Unix, then
       | MS-DOS.
        
         | timr wrote:
         | Sharp started out making mechanical pencils.
         | 
         | Panasonic started out making lightbulb sockets.
         | 
         | Mitsubishi started as a shipping company.
        
       | data2data wrote:
        
       | nl wrote:
       | Nokia was originally a rubber boots manufacturer.
        
       | bjrobz wrote:
       | Air BNB
       | 
       | Started as a tool for renting rooms in cities during conferences,
       | where hosts were expected to provide no more than an air
       | mattress.
       | 
       | Pivoted to full on house renting.
       | 
       | Chesky talks about it all here in the blitzscaling series, an
       | interview series conducted by Reid Hoffman:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/W608u6sBFpo
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | Hardly a pivot. Paul Graham's write-up on their very early
         | days: https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/the-airbnbs and a pretty
         | gushing wired article about how AirBnB got into ycombinator:
         | https://www.wired.com/2017/02/airbnbs-surprising-path-to-y-c...
        
         | bze12 wrote:
         | that doesn't really seem like a pivot, moreso a big expansion
         | of their original niche
        
           | bjrobz wrote:
           | Yea, the story is still interesting, how they chose that
           | path. Highly recommend watching the link i provided.
        
         | rparmar wrote:
         | This is perhaps the best talk I've ever heard on startups,
         | ever. Chesky is such a good story teller and Reid Hoffman is
         | such a great interviewer. I think a lot of founders would
         | benefit from watching this.
        
       | 650REDHAIR wrote:
       | Firebase started as a chat widget/plugin for websites.
        
       | joshribakoff wrote:
       | Brex went from virtual reality goggles -> corporate finance saas
       | 
       | They basically started on the billing system for their VR and
       | decided to pivot to that.
        
         | jd_illa wrote:
         | wow i totally didn't know about this -- that's hilarious.
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | Was it googles? I thought they were building a development
         | environment in VR. But I can't find any reference.
        
       | rickyyean wrote:
       | My friend Jason wrote this Tweet with 5 examples I don't think
       | gets talked about much:
       | https://twitter.com/JasonShen/status/1560680372463173637
       | 
       | Most notable one was probably Grubwithus (meet people over meals)
       | -> GOAT (sneakers marketplace, valued at $3.7B)
        
         | jasonshen wrote:
         | Thanks Ricky! Yeah the 5 I wrote about are:
         | 
         | Zimride (college carpool) - Lyft Grubwithus (shared meals) -
         | GOAT Meerkat (Twitter livestream) - Houseparty Fates Forever
         | (iPad MOBA game) - Discord The Lobby (finance recruiting) -
         | Nuvocargo
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | If you add blank lines between you'll get them formatted more
           | like what you probably want.
           | 
           | Zimride to Lyft isn't much of a pivot, they're basically
           | kinda the same thing.
        
       | palijer wrote:
       | This is a pretty decent list if you are interested in the concept
       | and looking for examples.
       | 
       | https://github.com/fikrikarim/companies-with-successful-pivo...
        
         | jd_illa wrote:
         | hah curious about soylent
        
         | joegahona wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing this -- I didn't realize this existed.
         | Instagram is covered in your link, and you can hear about it
         | from the founder in this really good Lex Fridman podcast:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pvpNKUPbIY
         | 
         | These lists always kind of remind me of popular bands that
         | changed music over time. The most drastic "pivot" I've ever
         | come across in a known band is Ministry, who went from a benign
         | new-wave Depeche Mode clone in 1983 [1] to a pseudo-Cabaret
         | Voltaire in 1986 [2], then to full-on metal by 1991 [3].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VFqVRepm6U
         | 
         | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mui0sj-kxLY
         | 
         | [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYYGKCanqfA
        
         | sshine wrote:
         | On this list, Nokia originally producing rubber is probably the
         | funniest.
        
           | AlexAndScripts wrote:
           | Soylent is funny - nutrition to mobile phone towers.
        
             | kyle-rb wrote:
             | Other way around
        
       | sshine wrote:
       | MtGox, the infamous Bitcoin exchange that handled over 70% of the
       | Bitcoin trading volume of 2010 was originally "Magic: the
       | Gathering Online Exchange", a site for trading magic cards in
       | MtG: Online. I don't know if it's that wild of a pivot, trading
       | one virtual object and then trading another, but magic cards sure
       | seem more innocuous.
        
         | ak_111 wrote:
         | Actually Nintendo started (140 years ago!) also as card trading
         | company before becoming a console giant
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | It's even more interesting than that. Nintendo was created
           | shortly after Japan made it no longer illegal to manufacturer
           | or play card games (seen as something from the West to be
           | banned). They started creating original card and board games,
           | as well as card designs. They focused on playing cards, not
           | necessarily trading cards, though. The entire business was
           | able to exist or started due to government regulations and a
           | partial lift.
           | 
           | Sort of unrelated, but Japanese companies have a history of
           | convincing Disney to do things they'd otherwise never do.
           | Nintendo famously got a license to use Disney characters on
           | their playing cards in the 1950s... something nobody else was
           | able to do, and it was one of their most lucrative lines.
           | Square Enix managed to convince Disney to license their IP
           | for use in Kingdom Hearts, which is bizarre in numerous ways
           | for the Disney MO, and it turned into something incredible.
           | Studio Ghibli famously managed to prevent Disney from
           | destroying it's films when released in the US by pulling a
           | power play (they sent a samurai sword to Harvey Weinstein...
           | yes that Harvey with a note that just said "No cuts.").
        
             | cperciva wrote:
             | I thought the issue with card games wasn't that they were
             | Western, but rather that they were gambling.
        
       | scrollaway wrote:
       | Didn't youtube start off as a dating website?
        
         | trentgreene wrote:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/16/youtube-p...
        
         | mtmail wrote:
         | Maybe you're mixing that up with Facebook? Mark Zuckerberg
         | started FaceMash to compare students in a 'hot or not' type
         | website.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Facebook#FaceMash
        
           | rmason wrote:
           | Nope, YouTube really did start out as a dating site where you
           | could record videos. Quite simply it didn't work very well.
           | They pivoted and history was made.
           | 
           | Others had tried earlier with the same idea but the pieces
           | weren't in place. Plus being members of the PayPal mafia they
           | knew how to execute.
        
             | mtmail wrote:
             | I was wrong indeed. Screenshot of the dating-site
             | youtube.com https://web.archive.org/web/20050428014715/http
             | s://www.youtu...
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Agave was originally for data crunching in construction but there
       | was just no way to get the data so it became an integration
       | platform for all the various software.
        
       | ppjim wrote:
       | This company pivoted 27 times before finding its current product
       | market fit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W09ChyR6-DQ
        
       | hnsanket wrote:
       | Discord was probably supposed to be a gaming company but now it's
       | a lot more than something related to just gaming
        
         | bjord wrote:
         | pretty sure the discord as a whole was a pivot away from a
         | video game (I believe they extracted the chat feature they'd
         | built for the game and ran with that)
        
           | emptysea wrote:
           | I think that's actually the Slack origin story you're
           | thinking of, but honestly discord could have the same origin.
        
             | pnw wrote:
             | Slack and Discord have a lot in common. Both were the
             | founders second attempt at a game company that morphed into
             | a chat platform.
             | 
             | Jason previously founded Aurora Feint, which became the
             | social platform OpenFeint, acquired by Gree.
        
       | matt3210 wrote:
       | Agaveapi was originally for data crunching in construction but
       | there was just no way to get the data so it became an integration
       | platform for all the various construction software.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jayceedenton wrote:
       | Nokia:
       | 
       | Toilet Paper -> Rubber Boots -> Electronics
        
       | kujin88 wrote:
       | Interesting that no one mentioned Netflix, which originally
       | started off as nothing more than a rentals company.
        
         | jd_illa wrote:
         | Netflix is a cool one but the transition from rentals to
         | streaming feels more like a natural progression than a pivot.
        
           | 1270018080 wrote:
           | If it was so natural, a single high level executive at
           | Blockbuster should've seen it coming. Accessible and cheap
           | servers, exponentially increasing internet speeds, and smart
           | devices all happening at once was society-altering. It seems
           | obvious in retrospect but it's just tough to spot.
        
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