[HN Gopher] Show HN: Simulate dollar-cost averaging in any mix o...
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       Show HN: Simulate dollar-cost averaging in any mix of stocks
        
       Author : dwmcc
       Score  : 157 points
       Date   : 2022-09-06 13:00 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (simulator.tryshare.app)
 (TXT) w3m dump (simulator.tryshare.app)
        
       | sixQuarks wrote:
       | How do you not have Tesla under the technology defaults? It's
       | literally the most heavily traded stock in the entire market. SMH
        
         | dwmcc wrote:
         | Fixed. Good callout!
        
           | sixQuarks wrote:
           | Sorry, didn't mean to be snarky. There is a lot of Tesla hate
           | in this forum and I thought maybe you were part of this bias.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I'll bite; shouldn't Tesla be lumped with other car
         | manufacturers instead? While tech is a big aspect of their
         | cars, I wouldn't say tech is their primary product. And if
         | electric vehicles and self-driving capability is the discerning
         | factor, then other car manufacturers should be on there as
         | well.
        
           | Raidion wrote:
           | It's weird. Tesla really just a car company but Tesla (as a
           | stock) is priced like the market expects they solve (of some
           | definition of "solve") the self driving car problem sooner
           | than their competitors.
           | 
           | Ford/Toyota/etc can almost certainly build better cars, but
           | it doesn't have the technology focus, culture, or data to
           | make it as big of a player in some hypothetical multi-
           | trillion self driving car industry.
           | 
           | Not saying Tesla doesn't have some advantages over incumbents
           | in terms of battery supply chain, etc, but those are
           | reasonably solvable problems given enough money and time. But
           | it's hard to catch up to the amount of data/machine learning
           | on that data Tesla has done.
        
             | sixQuarks wrote:
             | You haven't looked into Tesla enough if you think legacy
             | car manufacturers can catch up to Tesla's manufacturing and
             | battery lead. Chinese automakers have a chance, legacy US
             | manufacturers no way
        
           | sixQuarks wrote:
           | Then Apple should be listed under phone manufacturers
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | Or just buy SPY or VTI and go braindead with it.
       | 
       | Hard to beat dollar cost averaging the entire stock market, which
       | is what VTI represents.
       | 
       | --------
       | 
       | Rebalancing is done between asset classes. But if you are going
       | to rebalance, it's more efficient to buy target date funds.
        
         | turndownsideup wrote:
         | Hmm SPY weighting... 6.6% AAPL 6% MSFT 2.9% AMZN 3.9% GOOGL
         | 1.8% TSLA
         | 
         | Brain dead DCA + working in tech and getting RSU / ISO re-ups
         | every year means you're just betting only on tech.
         | 
         | Customization allows you to mitigate/ manage some sector risk
         | if you want it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Are there any funds that specifically seek to spread exposure
           | across multiple sectors of the economy?
        
             | aketchum wrote:
             | yeah, VTSAX or other total market index funds
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | There is not much difference in allocation (see portfolio
               | tab):
               | 
               | VTSAX - total US stock market mutual fund
               | https://www.morningstar.com/funds/xnas/vtsax/portfolio
               | 
               | SP500 - VOO
               | https://www.morningstar.com/etfs/arcx/voo/portfolio
               | 
               | Tech simply has a proven track record of raking in
               | outsize profits, and I see no reason to bet against
               | businesses with unmatched efficiencies of scale and
               | enormous barriers to entry. Hell, even the king of
               | investing, Warren Buffet, has been humbled by BRK only
               | just keeping up with SP500 because of its huge 25%
               | investment in Apple.
               | 
               | You would have to go out to VT - total world market to
               | see a difference in portfolio allocation.
               | 
               | https://www.morningstar.com/etfs/arcx/vt/portfolio
        
           | pramsey wrote:
           | Good point! I guess the prudent FAANG engineer would buy a
           | total market fund and then short a portion of their employer
           | to net out the overexposure. Would sure feel odd though!
        
             | roland35 wrote:
             | Be sure to check your employer rules before doing this! It
             | is probably against the rules to short or trade derivatives
             | of your company stocks as an employee. At least at my
             | employer this also applies to any fund containing >10% of
             | our stock too.
             | 
             | A safer approach would be to just purchase a fund which
             | excludes tech. Personally I'm too lazy to do this and just
             | have a total market fund :)
        
               | Rebelgecko wrote:
               | Another thing to keep in mind is that post-2018, a lot of
               | tech companies got categorized as different sectors in
               | the S&P 500. So you'd need an index fund that is ex-tech
               | and/or ex-communications. I've looked around a bit and
               | the fees for these types of funds seem much higher, so
               | like you I just stick with the generic total market fund.
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | Shorting your place of employment is unethical, if not
             | entirely illegal (IANAL)
        
               | awesomedad wrote:
               | He was talking about shorting a long, netting a zero
               | position. In and of itself nothing wrong with that. Just
               | make sure the positions move at the same time.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Most companies prohibit any derivative trading on your
               | company stock, even if you're shorting your own long or
               | any other creative way you have of hedging against the
               | stock going down.
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | You can still do that with individual stocks or sector ETFs
           | (if you can stomach the expense) while holding a broader
           | index as the core.
        
         | francisofascii wrote:
         | VTI is only the US stock market. VT might be better since it
         | represents the world.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | Fair. There's a question about "how big a basket you want".
           | 
           | SPY (S&P 500, average of the top 500 companies in the USA) is
           | fine. VTI is fine. VT is fine. They'll all fluctuate with
           | each other since they're different baskets, but picking a
           | broad-basket of stocks and diversifying is the most obvious
           | good strategy for stock picking.
        
         | 3pt14159 wrote:
         | Is it hard to beat though?
         | 
         | When I started just allocating money into tech stocks I, as a
         | software guy, appreciated return went way, way, way up.
         | 
         | Those Wall St quants can only appreciate M1 so far. They can't
         | see the server farms 5 years out running linux on mac hardware.
         | Or even if they can, they're paid to make decisions every day.
         | "Boss, I'm just going to park it all on hedged and leveraged
         | AAPL derivatives for the next half decade and sit on a beach."
         | Isn't really going to fly.
        
           | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
           | Yes - Because we are talking over 20-50+ year timeframes
           | (Well, some of the big firms are thinking in 200-400 yr
           | timeframes like rothchilds.
           | 
           | What if in 10 years the government decides that apple is too
           | powerful? A new CEO comes in and destroys what has been
           | built? A new competitor comes up with a product that is
           | vastly supperior? A total stock market crash happens and your
           | portfolio didn't have any bonds/ shorts/ hedges.
           | 
           | You might be able to go into financial ruin and no one would
           | blink an eye. If large, multigenerational funds go down its a
           | very big deal indeed.
           | 
           | that's why
           | 
           | "Boss, I'm just going to park it all on hedged and leveraged
           | AAPL derivatives for the next half decade and sit on a
           | beach." Isn't really going to fly.
           | 
           | isn't going to fly because the risk delta on that is very
           | high indeed.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | > They can't see the server farms 5 years out running linux
           | on mac hardware.
           | 
           | They definitely can. I got paid quite good money to sit down
           | with full time professional investors and tell them exactly
           | that, and lots of other things. They don't go into these
           | things blind.
           | 
           | They pay good money to people like us to tell them what they
           | need to know so they can see the future just a little better
           | than everyone else.
        
           | roflyear wrote:
           | Plenty of managed funds have super long positions. Idk what
           | point you're trying to make.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | Wall Street literally values Apple / AAPL as the most
           | valuable company in the world. So I literally don't know what
           | you're talking about.
           | 
           | VTI in any case is "the market average", because its
           | literally the whole market. Its surprisingly a difficult
           | strategy to beat, becaust most stock pickers perform below
           | average (!!!).
           | 
           | -------
           | 
           | The only thing is that the stock market is very volatile. So
           | it makes more sense to mix in bonds with regards to
           | historical risk/reward. You lower your average gains, but
           | often reduce your losses. (Long term bonds are doing poorly
           | early this year, but with interest rates rising, I'd expect
           | that moving forward bonds are going to do well)
           | 
           | And that's where a "target lifepath" fund goes. Those funds
           | mix "total stock market" with "total bond market" and call it
           | a day.
        
           | Bluecobra wrote:
           | >They can't see the server farms 5 years out running linux on
           | mac hardware.
           | 
           | I am skeptical on this one. I don't see enterprise customers
           | having a lot of confidence to buy into a new server line as
           | Xserve only lasted ~9 years. They could have have continued
           | to shlep that line along. I would think that Linux on ARM
           | would be more likely than M1.
        
           | justsocrateasin wrote:
           | Sounds like you should quit your day job and become a trader
           | full time. If the market is as easy to beat as you say.
           | 
           | It also sounds like you've been lucky so far. There are many
           | periods over just the last 30 years where the "sure thing"
           | ended up bankrupting people. The hard part is beating the
           | market over the course of your life.
           | 
           | I would caution such reckless confidence. "The more you know,
           | the more you realize you don't know." - if you are looking at
           | a subject like quantitative analysis in stocks and thinking
           | "this isn't so hard", you probably know so little that you
           | think it's easy, but not enough to realize the intricacies of
           | why it's hard.
        
             | 3pt14159 wrote:
             | I did learn lessons. I mistimed commodities and got burned.
             | I mistimed the 2008 recession (thought it would be 2007)
             | and the put options expired worthless (though still dodged
             | the recession).
             | 
             | But anytime I mention my gains on HN the crowd says the
             | same two or three things:
             | 
             | 1. You're just lucky.
             | 
             | 2. Herp quit your job and work Wall St. (No. I'm not
             | primarily money motivated and those people generally, um,
             | are far from my cup of tea.)
             | 
             | 3. You're just lying.
             | 
             | They can keep saying that, they can keep down voting me.
             | They didn't buy Tesla early or Bitcoin early or Shopify
             | early, so nobody did that wasn't lucky. I'm not saying I'm
             | some sort of finance prodigy, but it has been pretty easy
             | to call tech stocks for the past ten or fifteen years and
             | combine that with dodging recessions and an otherwise
             | diversified portfolio and yearly returns after inflation of
             | 15% are achievable, not even counting the Bitcoin payday.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | If you feel you can easily achieve a return of 15%, why
               | not make some leveraged investments? What do you mean by
               | "easy"? 90% probability of achieving your goal?
        
               | roflyear wrote:
               | You are just lucky. You wouldn't say me winning the
               | lottery is skill.
        
               | samjmck wrote:
               | > But anytime I mention my gains on HN the crowd says the
               | same two or three things: 1. You're just lucky.
               | 
               | Maybe because you are just lucky?
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | It's pretty hard to beat consistently over a long time, yes.
        
         | gerad wrote:
         | Somewhat shameless plug, but we're launching this week so now
         | or never.
         | 
         | If you want to see how a specific asset mix based on your goals
         | performs (e.g. more in cash and BND and less in VT because you
         | have a big home purchase coming up), check out our app at
         | https://livefortunately.com/
         | 
         | I'm traveling today so replies may be delayed.
        
           | patch45 wrote:
           | Intriguing! What do you mean when you say "We license the
           | economic simulations trusted by hedge funds and insurance
           | industry"?
        
             | gerad wrote:
             | We get our simulations from Conning [1], a 100 year old
             | company that sells such simulations to these industries.
             | 
             | We talk a bit more about it in our "white paper" blog post
             | about what makes us different [2].
             | 
             | 1: https://www.conning.com/-/media/marketingsite/documents/
             | prod...
             | 
             | 2: https://livefortunately.com/insights/what-makes-us-
             | awesome
        
         | lettergram wrote:
         | > Hard to beat dollar cost averaging the entire stock market,
         | which is what VTI represents.
         | 
         | Unless you invested in 2021...
         | 
         | The common "wisdom" of dollar cost averaging the market only
         | works for those (1) who never sell (2) continue to have an ever
         | inflating dollar and QE and (3) an ever growing economy
         | 
         | Right now energy prices are 3x-5x a few years ago. That will
         | dramatically reduce growth and may even shrink the economy.
         | Arguably the real economy has been stagnant for quite some
         | time.
         | 
         | Not financial advice, but at the moment I would consider
         | holding cash or other solid assets. Waiting for the energy
         | situation to stabilize then buy in.
         | 
         | You could cost average, but timing the market can produce
         | multiples more gains if your calm / collected, informed and
         | willing to wait.
         | 
         | DCA reduces risks, particularly on the whole market. They said
         | it doesn't remove risk and it definitely reduces potential
         | upside.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nly wrote:
           | Funny, because all the data and research shows the opposite.
           | 
           | Read this:
           | 
           | https://ofdollarsanddata.com/even-god-couldnt-beat-dollar-
           | co...
        
             | Infernal wrote:
             | The post you're replying to: > dollar cost averaging the
             | market only works for those (1) who never sell
             | 
             | The article you link to: > The only other rule in this game
             | is that you cannot move in and out of stocks. Once you make
             | a purchase, you hold those stocks until the end of the time
             | period.
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | > Hard to beat dollar cost averaging the entire stock market
         | 
         | Easy! Dollar cost average a leverage fund that invests in the
         | entire stock market. TQQQ beats SPY over the long term.
        
           | itsoktocry wrote:
           | > _invests in the entire stock market._
           | 
           | TQQQ indexes the Nasdaq 100, not remotely close to "the
           | entire stock market".
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | True, and SPY is only S&P 500. But you get my point.
        
           | M3L0NM4N wrote:
           | I DCA TQQQ, but you have to know that in 2008, for example,
           | had a 96% drawdown. The triple leverage can basically wipe
           | out your entire equity, so you need a strong stomach.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | I just do it in my play money account. Casual day trading
             | wastes too much time that I could otherwise waste on HN, so
             | I risk my money with TQQQ instead.
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | Sure, I mean you can DCA into SPY if that's what you like. Some
         | people do want a bit more higher-risk or sector specific
         | approaches.
         | 
         | I personally have 50% going into SPY DCA then a bunch of other
         | bets. Some of them have outperformed SPY, certainly in the bull
         | market. We'll see how they do over 20 years though.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | I have a bunch of other bets too, but its mostly play money.
           | 
           | I've actually outperformed SPY with my personal bets, both
           | over the last 10 years in general, as well as over the last 2
           | years (including this bear market).
           | 
           | But this is play money, not serious money. The bulk of my
           | money is SPY/VTI + various Bond funds. I'm holding short
           | duration and ultra-short duration and even Money Market for
           | the near future, giving an eye to expectations from the Fed /
           | interest rate hikes before jumping back into long term bonds.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | b-lyons wrote:
       | That's avery nice site and they seem to use Alpaca on the back-
       | end, who seem to be doing good work.
       | 
       | Many poeple seem to be saying they tried it the simulation out
       | with broad ETFs, and that's a good use case.
       | 
       | But I think many investors advise against DCA, because it results
       | in you increasing expure to companies in trouble, going into bear
       | markets or even bankruptcy. So for the riskier single stocks at
       | least this seems to have a lot of survivorship bias.
       | 
       | If we include some compaies that have done very poorly or gone
       | bankrupt you would get a better picture of the effect of
       | following this plan for individual stocks. You never know!
       | 
       | It is true that investing all at once, rather than DCA, you also
       | lose 100% in a bankruptcy, but "dollar cost averaging" seems to
       | imply that buying at the lower prices (and thus bringing down
       | your average price) is the benefit of the approach. In fact it is
       | sometimes the main danger.
        
         | lui8906 wrote:
         | DCA has positives and negatives.
         | 
         | Positive, you are averaging out the risk by spreading out your
         | purchases and averaging into your position.
         | 
         | Negative, time in the market beats timing the market, therefore
         | you are better to have all your money you intend to invest in
         | the market right away so you can enjoy appreciation, dividends
         | etc
         | 
         | If you have a large lump sum to invest it can be better to buy
         | in one go or in a shorter period. However if you earn money
         | over time and look to invest, it makes sense to DCA each month
         | you receive your salary rather than waiting to time the market.
         | 
         | NFA DYOR :)
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | If you earn money over time, you never had a lump sum to
           | begin with, so of course it makes sense to "DCA" - it is your
           | only option.
           | 
           | It is still time in the market over timing the market, as
           | long as the withdrawal date is far enough out into the
           | future.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | If you're in your early 20's and reading along in this
           | thread, I have some wisdom to drop on you:
           | 
           | The real value of investing at a young age is not compound
           | interest and having another 5-10 years of time with part of
           | your money in the market. For most of us our earning
           | potential will keep going up until at least our 40's, so the
           | number of dollars you have later will swamp whatever you can
           | save now.
           | 
           | The real value of starting at 25, 24, 23 is that you only
           | have a little money to invest, and when you lose it, it will
           | subjectively hurt more. If you wait until 30 you'll be
           | gambling a larger pile of cash without those hard won lessons
           | to keep you out of trouble. The money you invest at the
           | beginning increases the effectiveness of the much larger pile
           | of money you can invest 5 years in.
           | 
           | If you read enough personal finance articles, aimed at real
           | humans, you will start to get a feel for the way in which
           | finances, like dieting or time management, has a much larger
           | psychological factor that the objective bean counters dismiss
           | as if the math is all that matters. What matters most is
           | _you_.
        
             | bboylen wrote:
             | 25 year old here and I definitely agree.
             | 
             | I've lost some money on stupid investments (buying
             | individual tech stocks last year, buying put options right
             | as 2020 downturn hit its v shaped recovery)
             | 
             | I'm just glad that the amount lost is in the low thousands,
             | not tens of thousands.
        
           | OscarCunningham wrote:
           | > Positive, you are averaging out the risk by spreading out
           | your purchases and averaging into your position.
           | 
           | If you want to reduce risk it's better to lump-sum invest,
           | but allocate a smaller proportion to stocks.
        
         | GoldenMonkey wrote:
         | AirBNB did poorly in the simulator. Losing 23% of it's value.
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | I'm not sure I follow how the investing timeline relates to the
         | exposure to companies "in trouble". Isn't that just about what
         | you choose to invest in? If you pick a bad investment, or get
         | unlucky, or anything else, you'll lose your money. DCA or not.
        
         | zhdc1 wrote:
         | Dollar cost averaging works when you have a steady stream of
         | income that you're contributing to your investments and you
         | have a heavily diversified portfolio.
         | 
         | The reason being that, over a 5+ year investment horizon, a
         | total US market portfolio will average about 6% after
         | inflation.
         | 
         | However, going off of empirics, dollar cost averaging is less
         | preferable when you have a single lump sum. While it's possible
         | that you 'time' the market wrong with your investment, the odds
         | that you'll happen to invest immediately before a sharp down
         | turn are lower than the odds that you'll miss out of rather
         | significant gains by not being invested.
         | 
         | This all assumes that you have a diversified portfolio. If
         | you're trying to invest in single stocks, good luck.
        
           | MuffinFlavored wrote:
           | > The reason being that, over a 5+ year investment horizon, a
           | total US market portfolio will average about 6% after
           | inflation.
           | 
           | I see a lot of talk lately how if the Federal Reserve needs
           | to get the "Federal Funds Effective Rate" to a "not
           | artificially 0-2% low" (like we've had for a while due to
           | various forms of quantitative easing) that stock returns of
           | typical "6% after inflation" with dividends reinvested aren't
           | as likely.
           | 
           | Any thoughts?
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | senko wrote:
           | > dollar cost averaging is less preferable when you have a
           | single lump sum
           | 
           | This is mathematically true. Psychologically less so, and
           | that's because of loss aversion.
           | 
           | DCA helps you avoid the unfortunate case where the market
           | tanks right after you've invested everything. In this
           | situation, people can panic, pull out at considerable loss,
           | etc.
           | 
           | As a retail investor, the most challenging part of investing
           | is psychology, and DCA can help in that regard.
        
           | teraflop wrote:
           | > The reason being that, over a 5+ year investment horizon, a
           | total US market portfolio will average about 6% after
           | inflation.
           | 
           | Leaving aside the issue that past performance does not
           | guarantee future performance:
           | 
           | If you're talking about "averages" based on historical data,
           | then the average annual return over a 5-year period is -- by
           | definition -- the same as the average return per year. The
           | investment horizon doesn't affect the average expected
           | return, but it _does_ affect the dispersion of outcomes
           | around that average.
           | 
           | I think it's a bit irresponsible to say that a 5-year
           | investment " _will_ average " 6%, when the standard deviation
           | of that number is something like 8-10%. Seeing negative real
           | returns over 5 year periods isn't just a theoretical
           | possibility; it's historically fairly common.
        
           | time_to_smile wrote:
           | > a total US market portfolio *will* average about 6% after
           | inflation.
           | 
           |  _has_ and _will_ are very different claims when applied to
           | market behavior.
           | 
           | Yes the US (and global) economy has been in an incredible
           | period of overall growth for many decades. We've had
           | particularly insane growth in the last few years. But I see
           | no evidence that anyone in their right mind should expect
           | that growth to continue indefinitely.
           | 
           | People believe that bear markets are basically a season in
           | the contemporary market place, but there is no reason that
           | cannot be the long term trend. Across the board we're seeing
           | resource and energy constraints.
           | 
           | For every individual asset people are well aware that "past
           | performance does not indicate future returns" but somehow
           | when we consider the combination of all assets we forget all
           | about that.
        
             | rr888 wrote:
             | As a non-American I can't believe how much faith people put
             | in the stock market here. I think they're going to be a
             | rude shock the next few decades.
        
           | turndownsideup wrote:
           | Lump sum broken up in increments is a very simple portfolio
           | of cash and equities.
           | 
           | There is opportunity cost of the cash (inflation is 9%
           | currently). These don't compare the same as apple and
           | oranges.
           | 
           | Mathematically, as long as equity value is always accretive
           | (due to passive flow from pensions) lump sum does win on a
           | raw return basis. This doesn't take account of drawdown
           | management. (Think 3AC)
        
           | ASinclair wrote:
           | > Dollar cost averaging works when you have a steady stream
           | of income that you're contributing to your investments and
           | you have a heavily diversified portfolio.
           | 
           | To be pedantic (this is Hacker News after all), that is not
           | Dollar cost averaging. That's lump sum investing at a regular
           | interval.
           | 
           | Dollar cost averaging assumes you start with a pot of money
           | and you choose to invest fractions of that initial pot over
           | time. This is opposed to lump sum investing in which you'd
           | invest the full pot of money at the start.
        
             | JustSomeNobody wrote:
             | > Dollar cost averaging assumes you start with a pot of
             | money and you choose to invest fractions of that initial
             | pot over time. This is opposed to lump sum investing in
             | which you'd invest the full pot of money at the start.
             | 
             | How is this not the same as:
             | 
             | > Dollar cost averaging works when you have a steady stream
             | of income that you're contributing to your investments and
             | you have a heavily diversified portfolio.
             | 
             | My "pot of money" is my salary over the course of my career
             | and my "investing fractions of that pot over time" is twice
             | weekly contributions.
             | 
             | Whether I start with the whole pot or not is of no
             | consequence.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > Whether I start with the whole pot or not is of no
               | consequence.
               | 
               | Do you get paid your salary a whole year in advance? No.
               | 
               | Thus this distinction is important. As noted in the
               | wikipedia article above the rationale for this has to do
               | with "I have a big load of cash right now, do I just put
               | all of it to work now or slowly over time?"
        
               | kareemsabri wrote:
               | It seems like a distinction without a difference. The
               | investing outcome is identical, so why does it matter
               | that your job pays you out over the entire year.
        
               | JustSomeNobody wrote:
               | So, I can't do DCA by depositing money 26 times per year
               | and instead can only deposit it once per year?
               | 
               | Let's say my career potential earnings are $1000.00US.
               | Why can I not consider that my bucket of cash (even
               | though I do not have it on my person all at once)?
               | 
               | By depositing 26 times per year, am I not putting my
               | money to work "slowly over time"?
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | This is unfortunately not how DCA was explained to me. If
             | you had extra money during the dot-com boom, you were
             | probably taught that investing $400 a month in a fixed set
             | of commodities was dollar cost averaging.
             | 
             | It was almost ten years later that I encountered the notion
             | of portfolio rebalancing specifically mentioned in the
             | context of DCA. Luckily I already had a notion that this
             | might be a good idea, but how you behave when you know
             | something is good is a bit different from how you behave
             | when you suspect it is. I was not being as disciplined
             | about it as I should be.
        
             | jannyfer wrote:
             | Wikipedia says otherwise:
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging
             | 
             | What you are describing seems to be the Systematic
             | Implementation Plan.
        
               | ASinclair wrote:
               | I stand corrected.
               | 
               | > Vanguard specifically discusses the confusion in their
               | paper: "We refer to the gradual investment of a large sum
               | as a systematic implementation plan or systematic
               | investment plan. Industry practice is to refer to such
               | strategies as dollar-cost averaging; however, this term
               | is also commonly used to describe fixed-dollar
               | investments made over time from current income as it
               | becomes available. (A familiar example of this form of
               | dollar-cost averaging is regular payroll deductions for
               | investment in a workplace retirement plan.) By contrast,
               | we are describing a situation in which a lump sum of cash
               | is immediately available for investment."
        
       | dom96 wrote:
       | Investing every week? Don't most invest apps/providers only allow
       | investment on a monthly basis? Might be better to simulate that
        
         | cj wrote:
         | I use Wealthfront and currently investing every Mon, Weds, and
         | Fri, 3x weekly.
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | No you can invest weekly in most apps.
        
         | dwmcc wrote:
         | The buy timing in the simulator matches up with the cadence in
         | the app we're building - Share - which facilitates DCAing into
         | strategies.
        
       | bottlepalm wrote:
       | Neat, would be nice to see the average annual return for the time
       | period selected.
        
       | throwaway290 wrote:
       | Fun categories. Is Pelosi still long NVDA though? I heard they
       | sold off shortly before the export ban but didn't verify.
        
       | kache_ wrote:
       | Dollar cost averaging is great psychologically
       | 
       | But there's so much randomness in the system it doesn't really
       | matter
       | 
       | Just yeet your money dawg, stop thinking.
        
       | lvl102 wrote:
       | You should never DCA when it comes to investments. That's
       | absolutely the wrong dimension to reference.
        
       | amenghra wrote:
       | Does it take dividends into account?
        
       | notpushkin wrote:
       | It's a nice playground. One thing I would do differently though
       | is, allow selecting multiple "categories" of stocks, e. g. both
       | Technology and Finance. Right now selecting one will de-select
       | the other (but you can add more shares from other categories
       | manually).
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | That's good feedback, we can do that pretty easily.
        
       | grubobeats wrote:
       | I did a very similar tool like this for Cryptocurrencies, I can
       | use this opportunity to shill it here https://www.dca-cc.com.
       | 
       | For a while already, I procrastinated adding stocks to it,
       | although people have asked for it
       | https://github.com/vladanpaunovic/dca-crypto/issues/42.
       | 
       | The tool you looks beautiful! Congratulations!
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | Nice work. Shill away :)
        
           | grubobeats wrote:
           | Thanks! :)
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | Thanks for posting. I tried it with stock and bond ETFs SPY and
       | IEF and got the result
       | 
       | "If you had invested $20/week evenly in these assets for the past
       | 5 years, you'd have invested $5,200.00 and have $5,638.09 today,
       | a return of 1.1X."
       | 
       | Usually that would be expressed as a return of 10%, and the
       | return would be reported to the nearest percent. It would nice to
       | allow the user to specify unequal weightings, say $15/week in SPY
       | and $5 in IEF.
       | 
       | A general problem with showing the results of a dollar-cost
       | averaging investment plan is that it gives more weight to later
       | returns in the period, since that is when the most money was
       | invested. It's true that people who are starting from $0 and
       | saving regularly from earnings face this risk. Another simulation
       | that is worth showing is having the full amount invested from the
       | beginning.
       | 
       | I assume you are familiar with
       | https://www.portfoliovisualizer.com/ , a comprehensive investment
       | simulator (that is not a mobile app).
        
         | dwmcc wrote:
         | Hey, thanks for taking a look! The tool you linked looks quite
         | comprehensive, but we wanted to build something simple and
         | approachable for beginners.
         | 
         | Good callout on custom-weighting, that's on the list to add in
         | the future.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | The 1.1x is money on money convention
        
         | ctchocula wrote:
         | Agree with the first point. Either time-weighted return or IRR
         | gives a more meaningful estimate of the return than simply
         | dividing the final value with total amount invested ($5,200).
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | I don't understand your "a general problem" statement. I would
         | not consider it a problem to show correct results. Someone
         | saving for retirement just wants to know the course-grained
         | results. Having the chart split those results by the period
         | that funds were invested would make for a very visually
         | cluttered chart. But I agree that it would be interesting to
         | some.
         | 
         | A few years back, I created a simulator that let's you simulate
         | both putting money in - lump sum and incrementally - and also
         | take money out. I'll see if I can find a link to a live
         | version.
        
       | funnym0nk3y wrote:
       | Has anyody done a thourough calculation with statistics and all?
       | 
       | Just from intuition DCA would yield less than one lump if the
       | expectation value is larger than 0. But then there is variance.
       | If the asset is volatile enough that even a short period of DCA
       | investing is bringing down the price a bit, I assume.
        
         | zhdc1 wrote:
         | > Has anyody done a thourough calculation with statistics and
         | all?
         | 
         | Yes. There's a lot of research comparing dollar cost averaging
         | with lump sum investing. Lump sum investing in a diversified
         | portfolio (total market ETF) almost always wins, even in
         | periods where markets are 'overpriced' (e.g., high CAPE 10
         | ratios).
        
           | funnym0nk3y wrote:
           | I have heard the same. But how could that be mathematically
           | derived from a stochastic process? AFAIK the stock market is
           | assumed to be a white gaussian process with mean larger than
           | 0. How does the risk of bankrupcy and the variance of the
           | portfoilio value at the end behave? How does it depend on the
           | DCA period?
        
             | jacobr1 wrote:
             | Most mathematical analyses that I've seen involve running
             | prior sequences of real-returns of various lengths though a
             | monte-carlo simulation. So the distributions of prior
             | returns is baked in (via a uniform sampling of historical
             | timeframes).
             | 
             | Here is a good example:
             | https://www.portfoliovisualizer.com/monte-carlo-simulation
             | 
             | Plenty of the white-papers from the big mutual fund firms
             | give the impression they use very similar analysis methods.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | DCA gives you the best chance of getting mean/average returns,
         | not the best returns.
         | 
         | If the market goes up year and year then obviously lump sum
         | investing is best, but it doesn't. It goes through periods of
         | over and under performance and then returns the mean.
         | 
         | In any case, it's academic for most us investing from our
         | salaries. DCA isn't a choice.
        
         | senko wrote:
         | > Has anyody done a thourough calculation with statistics and
         | all?
         | 
         | Yes.
         | 
         | Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1qzuPRvsM0 and read the
         | papers referenced in the video.
        
         | kareemsabri wrote:
         | The benefit of DCA (in my mind) is avoiding market timing risk.
         | Sure, as another commenter pointed out, if a stock is only
         | going up you better just get in and ride it up. But who knows?
         | If you buy at the peak of a bubble, like in January 2022, it's
         | not so great. If you're not studying the market all day, you
         | can't really predict where it's gonna move (or even if you
         | are).
         | 
         | And of course, many of us don't have a big chunk of cash
         | sitting around waiting to get invested.
        
           | ricardobeat wrote:
           | That's the spirit, but it doesn't work like that. You can't
           | time the market without information.
           | 
           | Most of the time, in the long term, investing a lump sum
           | beats DCA even if you buy at a previous peak.
        
             | saltcured wrote:
             | I think people in the comments are assigning "DCA" to
             | either (3) or (4) below, but having different assumptions
             | about what the alternative might be...
             | 
             | 1. Have a pile of cash to burn and invest it immediately,
             | to maximize time in market
             | 
             | 2. Have a pile of cash and sit on it to "time" a later lump
             | sum entry to the market
             | 
             | 3. Have a pile of cash and invest it incrementally for some
             | ramped entry to the market
             | 
             | 4. Have recurring income and invest it immediately as it
             | becomes available
             | 
             | 5. Have recurring income and save/buffer it up to revisit
             | the alternatives (1)-(3)
             | 
             | 6. Use credit to obtain a pile of cash ahead of income and
             | revisit the alternatives (1)-(3)
        
               | kareemsabri wrote:
               | I consider DCA to be equal notional amount purchases of
               | an asset at a fixed period (weekly, monthly, annually
               | etc.). That's it really. Wherever the money comes from.
        
       | shaftoe444 wrote:
       | Really nicely presented app. Does it, or can it, include
       | reinvesting dividends, which is surely the real secret of long
       | term investing?
        
         | dwmcc wrote:
         | Thank you, really appreciate it! Yes, we are working on adding
         | dividend reinvestment.
        
           | shaftoe444 wrote:
           | That would make it incredibly useful for me. The more I think
           | about it the more I see how tricky it would be to gather
           | accurate historic data about dividend payouts. Good luck with
           | it!
        
       | savrajsingh wrote:
       | Can you add a comparison stat for "if you invested all at the
       | start"
        
         | bobbob1921 wrote:
         | This would be great! (But I think it might go against the
         | product that they are selling or plan to be selling on this
         | app/site)
        
       | pyrrhotech wrote:
       | IMO it's easier and less work to outperform the indices with a
       | combination of passively holding ETFs like VTI / VOO and
       | strategic hedging based on quantitative leading indicators of
       | economic trouble rather than trying to pick individual stocks.
       | It's also more tax-efficient since you can continue to defer
       | gains in the held ETFs while hedging with Section 1256 contract
       | futures or options instead of constantly trading in and out of
       | individual stocks and being hit with a lot of capital gains tax.
       | 
       | My system is down -1.58% this year compared to -17.39% for the
       | SPX for a nearly 16% outperformance margin. I've documented the
       | results and information about it here:
       | https://grizzlybulls.com/models/vix-ta-macro-mp-extreme
        
         | thunky wrote:
         | I'm skeptical:
         | 
         | 1) Your performance chart starts right after the 2009 bear
         | market and includes a huge bull market run up until the current
         | slowdown where it then starts to match SPX. The straight line
         | up until the drop starting in 2021 suggests that your model may
         | not perform so well in the future.
         | 
         | 2) You don't include the penalty from all the short term
         | capital gains taxes you're generating.
         | 
         | 3) If you can really generate those returns you wouldn't need
         | to sell market timing signals.
        
           | pyrrhotech wrote:
           | Healthy skepticism is warranted! I've answered several of
           | these in previous HN comments such as https://news.ycombinato
           | r.com/threads?id=pyrrhotech&next=3012... and https://news.yco
           | mbinator.com/threads?id=pyrrhotech&next=3012... but in brief:
           | 
           | 1. Vix Futures are a huge part of all the VIX based models.
           | Vix Futures came out in 2004 but the earliest intraday per-
           | contract data publicly available is in 2009 which is needed
           | to calculate the futures curve.
           | 
           | 2. Slippage is included in the modeled returns but taxes are
           | not, as mentioned in the tooltip. Taxes are not included
           | because they vary widely by location, account type and
           | implementation method. I've also written at large about how
           | to minimize taxes on the blog. As a conservative estimate,
           | feel free to multiply returns by 0.75x to get equivalent
           | after-tax CAGR, but in most cases you'd beat this in real
           | life.
           | 
           | 3. Correct, and I make no guarantee that they will always be
           | available. As of now, selling access to them in no way
           | negatively impacts my own returns. I've met a lot of people
           | in this journey and I enjoy leading a community and making an
           | impact. I also make a significant amount of MRR that has
           | grown substantially from the start of the year that gets
           | reinvested into the models in my own account. I consider
           | Grizzly Bulls to be a win-win alternative to the hedge fund
           | industry for those interested in alternative investments.
           | We've only ever had one Platinum member cancel, and given the
           | model's underperformance in Q1 it was understandable. Since
           | Q1, the model has been crushing the market, and it makes me
           | happy to see our customers happy as well. Finally, as I
           | mention several places, no one should ever expect any model
           | to achieve 100% of its backtest performance, but there's
           | enough leeway in the performance and drawdown figures to
           | underperform the backtest and still generate substantial
           | alpha, which has been my experience running them live for
           | over 2 years now.
        
             | thunky wrote:
             | > Vix Futures came out in 2004 but the earliest intraday
             | per-contract data publicly available is in 2009
             | 
             | According to https://firstratedata.com/i/futures/VX, VIX
             | intraday is available starting 5-Aug-2008. But your chart
             | starts April 2009, which is the exact bottom of the bear
             | market.
        
               | pyrrhotech wrote:
               | Right, but as it mentions there, "Continuous data is from
               | 5-Aug-2008 , Individual contracts start with VXF09 (March
               | 2009)". To calculate the Vix Futures curve, our models
               | need the individual contract intraday breakdown not just
               | the intraday data for the front-month contract. I'm sure
               | this data exists somewhere but I haven't found anyone
               | willing to sell it to me. If you do, please let me know!
               | 
               | I can assure you that there's no conspiracy to start the
               | models right at the start of the last bull market, and
               | I'd be elated to get my hands on the data for this as
               | well as a couple other indicators that don't stretch back
               | as far. Though there is no guarantee, market volatility,
               | bear markets and general downturns are actually the
               | conditions that enable the models to outperform. During
               | buy signals which can be quite lengthy in periods of low
               | volatility during bull markets, the returns are exactly
               | equivalent to buy & hold.
        
         | bdkoepke wrote:
         | PSA: Outside of stat arb and heavily leveraged market making
         | with teams of PhDs, 60% annualized CAGR doesn't exist. In the
         | real world, anything above 10% over the long-term (in-sample
         | over 50 years), is extremely likely to be spurious and won't
         | repeat.
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | nah, think i will just lump sum buy the market bottom
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | Dollar cost averaging is a psychological strategy, not a
       | financial one.
        
         | tunesmith wrote:
         | Too many people think DCA means starting with a lump sum and
         | then feeding it into the market over time. That's not DCA.
         | 
         | Just look at it this way - any time you get a sum of money that
         | you intend to invest in the market, invest that entire sum
         | immediately.
         | 
         | DCA just means you regularly/periodically get sums of money
         | that you then invest immediately.
        
           | bhelkey wrote:
           | From bogleheads: '[Dollar Cost Averaging] is the technique of
           | dividing an available investment lump sum into equal parts,
           | and then periodically investing each part.'[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging
        
             | tunesmith wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm a big fan of bogleheads, but that definition is
             | just wrong.
             | 
             | There's a big difference between splitting an available sum
             | into equal parts and then periodically investing, and
             | periodically investing money as it becomes regularly
             | available.
             | 
             | Dollar Cost Averaging _technically_ refers to neither. It
             | simply refers to regularly investing a set sum (like $1000)
             | at periodic intervals, as the price goes up and down. It
             | refers to the average cost being less than the average
             | price. As price goes down, that sum buys more shares. As
             | price goes up, that sum buys fewer shares. But it says
             | _nothing_ about where the money comes from.
             | 
             | People then try to _apply_ that definition in two different
             | ways:
             | 
             | 1) Using it to regularly invest a periodic income stream,
             | like a portion of your paycheck. Note that in this case the
             | lump sum (the yearly salary) is _not_ entirely available at
             | the beginning. The money is invested as it arrives.
             | 
             | 2) Using it to split apart an already-available lump sump
             | into n equal parts, and then buying into the market n times
             | at regular intervals. Note that in this case, a large
             | portion of the lump sum _is_ entirely available at the
             | beginning, and is _not_ invested as it arrives.
             | 
             | Bogleheads is incorrect to phrase DCA as specifically
             | dividing a lump sum into equal parts. It's not the common
             | usage of DCA even on the Bogleheads forums or subreddits.
             | And Bogleheads participants regularly chant that time in
             | market is better than market timing. Splitting a lump sum
             | over time is an example of market timing, since you are
             | judging that later will be better than now. Bogleheads
             | believe market timing is generally bad. They believe that
             | definition #1 is generally good. They believe that
             | definition #2 is generally bad.
             | 
             | So that's where the terminology confusion comes in. People
             | refer to #1 as DCA, and call DCA good, and then
             | misunderstand and also say that #2 is good, when it's
             | (generally) bad.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | DCA has been shown demonstrably to outperform timing the
         | market, at least as the optimal average choice
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | However DCA also underperforms investing a lump sum all at
           | once (most of the time)
        
             | tunesmith wrote:
             | That's not DCA.
        
         | caseyf wrote:
         | this ^
         | 
         | https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/Dollar_cost_averaging
        
       | MuffinFlavored wrote:
       | Maybe make the amount + period configurable (aka not hardcoded to
       | $20/week)
        
         | dwmcc wrote:
         | Noted - we're planning to add amount in the future. Regarding
         | period, do you mean the cadence e.g. daily/weekly/monthly ?
        
           | bobbob1921 wrote:
           | Hi, great tool! And great interface/gui.
           | 
           | Two suggestions if you don't mind:
           | 
           | 1-add the ability to enable/disable dividend reinvestment (I
           | assume it's enable by default/currently). 2-increase the
           | timeframe options beyond five years.
           | 
           | Thanks (I think you're on to an actual product here)
        
             | dwmcc wrote:
             | Appreciate the kind feedback. We also think we're on to a
             | real product... which we're building! The app automatically
             | DCAs into strategies (build your own or choose from
             | existing templates) on a weekly basis.
             | 
             | Noted - we're going to add dividend reinvestment, and the
             | timeframe option is a good callout too.
        
             | MuffinFlavored wrote:
             | might as well add ability to compare compounded returns
             | against inflation adjusted dollars too :D
        
           | MuffinFlavored wrote:
           | Think about who your average dollar cost average-er is.
           | 
           | People still working/getting paid.
           | 
           | How often are most paychecks?
           | 
           | Weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, etc.
           | 
           | Maybe people with quarterly bonuses? Probably don't need to
           | overdo it.
           | 
           | What would be super cool (and 100% out of scope for this) is
           | like...
           | 
           | Buying only on "red" days (people trying to time the market
           | thinking they'll buy the dip, but ignoring buying the market
           | on the way up)
           | 
           | This can help people visualize how important consistency is
           | when it comes to investments (or it can hypothetically show
           | the opposite results on how blindly randomly buying stocks
           | with no logic behind it might not perform the best, etc.)
           | 
           | Maybe there are strategies where technical indicators can act
           | as a precursor for the decision making on whether or not you
           | should buy or hold out?
           | 
           | But yeah 100% not in the scope of what you and your team are
           | working on. :D
        
           | Otek wrote:
           | Yeah, it should be quite easy to add on top of predefined
           | periods (3m, 1y, etc) custom ones
        
       | lordswork wrote:
       | Tangentially related: Does anyone know of a similar tool for
       | comparing DCA vs. lump sum investing over a given time period?
        
         | zhdc1 wrote:
         | You can use Portfolio Visualizer (portfoliovisualizer.com) for
         | this.
        
         | Raidion wrote:
         | I mean, it's probably not as clean as you'd like, but it's a
         | ~15 minute exercise in google sheets. Hint: Use the
         | =GoogleFinance command.
         | 
         | Lump Sum is just the rate of return from that date * initial
         | investment. DCA is just that same lump sum equation but
         | done/averaged out as many times as you've DCAed.
        
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