[HN Gopher] Covid: Summary of lab-origin hypothesis
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Covid: Summary of lab-origin hypothesis
        
       Author : alsodumb
       Score  : 367 points
       Date   : 2022-09-05 18:56 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | Their project docs are informative:
       | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21066966-defuse-prop...
       | 
       | In addition to having research the nearest known ancestor to
       | sars-cov2, and proposing inserting the FCS that distinguishes
       | sars-cov2 from it's ancestors, the project proposed treating bats
       | in the wild with the humanized virus to make the bats immune to
       | it.
       | 
       | It's about as close to mad science as you get outside of the
       | movies.
       | 
       | I don't really know how much it matters if covid was directly
       | caused by the lab leak when you can look at their actions and say
       | that they would reasonably been expected to cause this outcome.
       | 
       | "Mom, I swear, I didn't cause the explosion! yes, I was maxing
       | random chemicals I found in the garage, in violation against the
       | established prohibitions, and the chemicals I was mixing happened
       | to be the exact sort that caused the explosion. But it wasn't
       | me!"
       | 
       | The fact that there was a moratorium on gain of function research
       | means that even more of the culpable parties all the way up the
       | funding chain are incentivized to lie about the whole thing.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | The origin does not matter. Nothing changes now, regardless of
       | how it started.
       | 
       | The pathological human obsession with narratives such as this
       | often does more harm than good.
       | 
       | No useful investigation can now occur. No punishment can be meted
       | out. Any lessons learned from one origin or another can be
       | learned now regardless.
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | If people are creating super viruses. It kind of matters a lot.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | People are creating super viruses, regardless of the origin
           | of this one.
           | 
           | Act accordingly.
        
             | rakejake wrote:
             | What exactly are you supposed to do? Move to the middle of
             | the Amazon away from civilization?
             | 
             | Knowing the exact sequence of events that led to the
             | pandemic is extremely important, and not only as research
             | for future pandemics. There is reasonable doubt that the
             | Wuhan lab had something to do with the virus. I'm measuring
             | my words carefully here because we don't have incriminating
             | evidence. But there has been enough material published over
             | the last 2 years to warrant suspicion.
        
         | bigDinosaur wrote:
         | The origin being a lab leak would likely lead to more stringent
         | controls around researchers.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | Would it? If such is possible, leak or no, more stringent
           | controls should be implemented regardless.
           | 
           | In any case, you will get no such evidence, so society should
           | proceed as if evidence is in hand, if such is even
           | theoretically possible.
        
           | pelorat wrote:
           | Yes, but this is China that you're talking about where
           | EVERYTHING is connected to a lying government. Nothing would
           | happen except for a coverup as the Chinese government will
           | never ever come clean.
        
             | bigDinosaur wrote:
             | In a sense, I don't really mind, because we're clearly not
             | treating research into viruses (particularly gain of
             | function) as the truly existential threat that it is. We
             | should be, regardless of whether covid-19 was natural or a
             | lab leak, and it's annoying that it might require a real
             | lab leak at some point for us to take controlling such
             | research seriously.
        
         | jtc331 wrote:
         | No it matters a lot: which originally is correct is the primary
         | determinant for which of opposite lessons to learn.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32735333
        
         | ethanbond wrote:
         | Yeah the lab leak hypothesis is fascinating because it actually
         | refers to two things that sound similar but would imply almost
         | entirely different reactions.
         | 
         | Deliberate LLH: China (or, if you're _in_ China, the US)
         | developed a weapon and essentially released it on the world.
         | This hypothesis basically tells us nothing because we'll never
         | actually validate or invalidate it. There's also no mitigation
         | for future leaks because if it were deliberate you can always
         | deliberately do it again. Also, it probably _does_ have racist
         | /xenophobic/propagandist motive pushing it along at various
         | levels. Even if this were true it doesn't matter because we're
         | obviously not going to nuke cities or cut off trade or roll
         | tanks or hang leaders in response.
         | 
         | Accidental LLH: Hypothesis goes that there was gain of function
         | research and a sample accidentally escaped the lab. This is
         | actually pretty likely, but has the interesting feature of it
         | _not mattering whether it's true in this particular instance._
         | Regardless of whether COVID-19 itself fits this, COVID-19
         | indicates that GOF research should be banned! There is no need
         | for collaboration-harming "repercussions" (or cries for
         | repercussions, since they'll never happen anyway).
         | 
         | Deliberate LLH: Doesn't matter if it's true because 1) we'll
         | never know and 2) even if it we're _true_ , no one could do
         | anything about it.
         | 
         | Accidental LLH: Doesn't matter if it's true because 1) we'll
         | never know and 2) even if it were _false_ , the correct course
         | of action is to ban/mitigate GOF research.
         | 
         | It's a complete shame that these have not been better
         | distinguished from one another.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | The lab leak hypothesis refers to one thing. It is on page
           | 118 of this WHO report: https://www.who.int/docs/default-
           | source/coronaviruse/final-j...
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | Yes, if we are to ignore all the people who refer to their
             | bioweapon theory as "lab leak hypothesis."
             | 
             | Or maybe to put it another way: it's evident that at least
             | when people _think_ they're responding to the lab leak
             | hypothesis, they're responding to a deliberate release
             | scenario. IMO people have deliberately muddied the
             | conversation because if you muddy it one direction you get
             | to imply malice on China's part, and if you muddy it in the
             | other direction you get to clear China of incompetence.
             | 
             | But in any case, not only are we not going to prove or fix
             | malice or incompetence, it doesn't actually require
             | _either_ to yield COVID-19 or COVID-19-like pandemics
             | anyway. That's where the conversation should be.
        
         | arisAlexis wrote:
         | It's extremely important if safety measures were breached and
         | later facts were manipulated. It's crazy to say that in a
         | nuclear war for example who fired the first missile is not
         | important.
        
           | sneak wrote:
           | In a scenario of MAD, it actually would not be important, as
           | all human civilization would be destroyed and it would thus
           | be completely irrelevant.
           | 
           | This is precisely what I am talking about.
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | we did not have a total destruction and this is an amazing
             | way to figure out how to prevent one. Isn't it very obvious
             | that you need to study what went wrong in civilization
             | changing events to prevent the next one? Like isn't it
             | science 101?
        
       | BrainVirus wrote:
       | Did someone come up with a good explanation of why Peter Daszak
       | and various affiliates of EcoHealth alliance were involved in
       | nearly all the media "coverage" (dismissals) of the lab leak
       | hypothesis when it first popped up?
       | 
       | And why The Lancet published the initial letter dismissing lab
       | leak, clearly coordinated by EcoHealth alliance?
       | 
       | And why Daszak also was on the WHO investigation team?
       | 
       | And why to this day no one apologized, let alone got fired for
       | this?
       | 
       | If you don't admit these (now-obvious) facts, you are not
       | discussing the lab leak hypothesis in good faith.
        
         | initplus wrote:
         | This is only evidence of Daszak/EcoHealth being unethical. I
         | doubt he has access to a secret "smoking gun" conclusively
         | proving lab leak vs zoonotic.
         | 
         | If there is a chance you are responsible, why not cover it up
         | and muddy the waters, just in case?
        
         | BeetleB wrote:
         | > Did someone come up with a good explanation of why Peter
         | Daszak and various affiliates of EcoHealth alliance were
         | involved in nearly all the media "coverage" (dismissals) of the
         | lab leak hypothesis when it first popped up?
         | 
         | No idea.
         | 
         | > And why The Lancet published the initial letter dismissing
         | lab leak, clearly coordinated by EcoHealth alliance?
         | 
         | No idea.
         | 
         | > And why Daszak also was on the WHO investigation team?
         | 
         | No idea.
         | 
         | > And why to this day no one apologized, let alone got fired
         | for this?
         | 
         | No idea.
         | 
         | I am not better informed as a result of your comment.
         | 
         | Asking questions is not a proper way to educate or inform
         | people. That I don't have answers to your questions doesn't
         | lead to any conclusion, nor does it make me doubt anything.
         | 
         | As a general rule: If you want to know if X is true, look for
         | "positive" evidence. Not absence of evidence. Asking questions
         | almost always is merely saying "Hey, I don't have all the
         | answers" - not "Hey, there's no good answer so the answer must
         | be Y".
        
         | jokowueu wrote:
         | This explains the entire issue well
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/8cBNyyAGETU
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | albertop wrote:
         | Also it is good to keep in mind the following [0] from Matt
         | Ridley.
         | 
         | 0- https://twitter.com/mattwridley/status/1565242836710309891
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | I'm not saying I disagree with any of these, to be honest I
         | don't know enough to say one way or the other, but there is
         | some irony in posing an argument for good faith discussion by
         | posting a list of questions you've already determined only have
         | one true answer.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | That's not fair, these questions have existed in the public
           | sphere for years now with no official explanation. This is
           | one more "talk to the hand" played by the authorities. I
           | suppose when authorities behave this way, they shouldn't
           | expect themselves to have grassroots support.
        
             | enraged_camel wrote:
             | The problem is that the way the questions are posed comes
             | across as "what are they hiding?!?"
             | 
             | You have to admit that it's not a good way to kick off a
             | discussion of the subject in earnest.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | Here's what I'll admit, its shady as hell for a group of
               | scientists (some with especially confounding conflicts)
               | to come out and dismiss something as so unlikely as to be
               | impossible when it was obviously still a plausible
               | explanation. That was not a scientific position to take,
               | but a political one. Lab leaks are not new or especially
               | rare. There is a now public paper trail indicating they
               | were trying to build the damn thing! You have to admit
               | that it's not a good way to kick off a discussion of the
               | subject in earnest. Imagine after the bombings of
               | Hiroshima and Nagasaki, if the scientists working on the
               | Manhattan Project came out claiming that natural
               | instances of fission accounted for all known instances of
               | fission in the wild. It's a purely fallacious argument
               | coming from the highest authority on the subject and that
               | doesn't have you worried? But the tone of OPs question is
               | worth worrying about?
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | Let's stipulate that everything you say is true. It still
               | doesn't address the content of the comment you are
               | responding to:
               | 
               | "it's not a good way to kick off a discussion of the
               | subject in earnest. "
               | 
               | And as someone who has no opinion on the issue at all,
               | and hasn't researched it, and can easily believe it
               | is/isn't of lab origin, I can say that the top level OP
               | comment was a very quick "I don't want to spend a minute
               | of my time engaging with this guy."
               | 
               | Do I have a flaw when I behave that way? Perhaps. Does
               | he/she have a flaw in writing comments in ways that turn
               | most people off? Definitely.
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | Another comment addressing pure tone, while never
               | addressing content, unbelievable! People conducting
               | science need to behave ethically, those are reasonable
               | probing ethical questions. If the initial discussion
               | related to origins of a bad pandemic can be quelled by a
               | handful of science bureaucrats with conflicted interests
               | then I think an interested journalist would ask the
               | grand-OPs questions. The fact we don't have answers is
               | because either the journalists aren't asking the
               | questions (except the intercept) or the questions aren't
               | getting answered. The normal format of journalistic
               | curiosity is getting short circuited and so all you get
               | to see is dickheads asking quesitons to the void on the
               | internet. Perhaps you entirely disagree because you don't
               | think those questions need to be answered. But we are
               | stuck on tone of grand-OPs argument because why? Are you
               | interested in the questions, I kind of think not.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
        
           | 0x445442 wrote:
           | Your speculation of the poster's positions on said questions
           | is not in good faith either. Even if your assumptions were
           | correct, they're entirely irrelevant as the questions stand
           | on their own.
        
             | vidro3 wrote:
             | these questions are basically copy pasta amongst the lab-
             | leak crowd. that doesn't mean they aren't valid but I think
             | it make sense to question the motivation in this instance.
        
               | gfodor wrote:
               | What's the best way to raise these facts - are you
               | supposed to just list them out since writing them in the
               | form of a question is misleading or something?
        
               | slg wrote:
               | Just my personal opinion here, I think this is an
               | acceptable rhetorical device normally, but specifically
               | in covid discussions this is an off-putting approach.
               | "Just asking questions" is a common strategy among covid
               | deniers and anti-vax folks who are also often pro-lab
               | leak hypothesis.
               | 
               | When I see a comment like the top most one in this
               | thread, I can't tell if the author is actually coming to
               | this discussion in good faith with a fact based approach
               | or they are a nut job "just asking questions". Is the
               | author meaning for the audience to infer actual confirmed
               | facts or are they trying to imply guilt without any
               | actual evidence? In this situation it is better to
               | actually write out the facts with sources verifying them.
               | Without that, the author risks being lumped in with the
               | crazies.
        
               | logic_beats_pro wrote:
               | Yes, asking questions is now enough to get you labeled a
               | conspiracy nut job.
               | 
               | That toddler who continuously asks "why?" ten times in a
               | row - conspiracy crank!!!
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >That toddler who continuously asks "why?" ten times in a
               | row - conspiracy crank!!!
               | 
               | Well if the toddler is asking questions about the lab
               | leak hypothesis...
               | 
               | I explicitly said it is a generally acceptable approach
               | that doesn't work on this specific topic because of the
               | reasons listed.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Please give us a complete list of the topics about which
               | we are no longer allowed to ask questions.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | Where did I say you can't ask questions? I said asking
               | questions is a bad rhetorical device to use on this
               | topic. OP isn't an inquisitive mind looking for answers
               | to those questions. They are trying to convince us of a
               | particular viewpoint due to the implied answers to those
               | questions.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Please give us a comprehensive list of topics for which
               | asking questions is a bad rhetorical device. I'd like to
               | understand the basis for your claim, and how you presume
               | to know what's in OP's mind?
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >Please give us a comprehensive list of topics for which
               | asking questions is a bad rhetorical device.
               | 
               | There is no complete list. Topics exist on a spectrum and
               | some are completely poisoned by conspiracy thinking. If
               | some anonymous person on the internet asks "how many
               | people really died during the Holocaust?" I am going to
               | assume bad faith before I assume honest knowledge
               | seeking. Covid deniers aren't that extreme, but they have
               | certainly gotten to a point in which I view rhetorical
               | questions with skepticism.
               | 
               | >I'd like to understand the basis for your claim, and how
               | you presume to know what's in OP's mind?
               | 
               | I don't have to "presume to know what's in OP's mind" in
               | terms of those questions. They told us. They said "If you
               | don't admit these (now-obvious) facts". They are
               | obviously using the questions rhetorically.
               | 
               | My underlying point is in fact that I can't read OP's
               | mind in regard to their motivation. That is what makes
               | this a bad rhetorical device. It is guilty of bad faith
               | through association. If OP's intent is for a good faith
               | discussion, they should have used a different rhetorical
               | style to avoid that association.
               | 
               | And once again, this is not an argument about whether
               | OP's original point was correct or not. That isn't what
               | the comments I was replying to were discussing and it
               | isn't what I said in any of my comments.
        
               | honkdaddy wrote:
               | "Just asking questions" is also a common strategy among
               | people who would like answers to their questions. I spent
               | a long time in 2006 asking questions online about USA's
               | actions in the Middle East, and what I found was that
               | there was indeed an incredible amount of coverup and
               | half-truths from both sides of the political aisle.
               | Despite this, I was naturally called a "9/11 truther" or
               | whatever insult could be applied to someone who wanted
               | honesty from the world's most powerful government.
               | 
               | It's not in bad-faith or manipulative; there are people
               | on this site who have a full and total belief that the
               | Wuhan lab leak is entirely a conspiracy, so earnestly
               | asking for clarification on how they came to that
               | decision seems perfectly reasonable to me.
               | 
               | In 2003 if someone was "just asking questions" about
               | climate change and its future effects, I don't doubt
               | skeptics online would try to unfairly lump them in with
               | conspiracy theorists claiming the world would be on fire
               | by 2010. It seems to me that the best way to convince
               | people that the lab leak is not a reality would just be
               | to answer their earnest questions, rather than lumping
               | them in with anti-vaxers.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >"Just asking questions" is also a common strategy among
               | people who would like answers to their questions.
               | 
               | OP specifically said "If you don't admit these (now-
               | obvious) facts". They aren't looking for answers. They
               | believe the answers are obvious facts. They are using the
               | questions as a rhetorical device. I pointed out this is a
               | bad rhetorical device to use in this instance. It was not
               | a dismissal of their underlying point. It was saying
               | their argument about their underlying point was
               | unconvincing.
        
               | BeetleB wrote:
               | > are you supposed to just list them out since writing
               | them in the form of a question is misleading or
               | something?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | Yes!
               | 
               | Several years ago I dived into books and seminars on
               | effective communication. If I had to reduce it down to a
               | few sentences, they would be:
               | 
               | "Don't ask questions to express concerns. Learn how to
               | express concerns directly in a non-threatening manner
               | without asking questions. Ask questions only when
               | genuinely trying to get information. Never ask leading
               | questions. Don't ask questions to inform or educate."
               | 
               | The Socratic approach is rarely an effective one.
               | Proponents of the Socratic approach almost always blame
               | the other party when it doesn't work (and it typically
               | doesn't work).
               | 
               | It applies to most forms of conversation, including code
               | reviews.
        
               | cloverich wrote:
               | It is considered a more genuine take, yes. When posed as
               | a series of questions as such, it is meant in a sense to
               | lead while initially posing as genuine curiosity. To
               | level set, genuine and very general curiosity is maybe
               | the most typical feature that holds this community
               | together.
               | 
               | IMHO A more genuine approach would be to list the key
               | points and why they are compelling to one of that
               | persuasion. Or alternatively, to more directly take a
               | position: "I find the lab leak hypothesis compelling, and
               | TFA/primary objection's don't explain <fact 1> or
               | <observation 2>" etc.
        
               | 0x445442 wrote:
               | > but I think it make sense to question the motivation in
               | this instance.
               | 
               | By this logic it's equally valid to question the
               | motivation of someone hand waving the questions away as
               | "copy pasta" rather than just answering them. The
               | Socratic method is a perfectly valid way to further an
               | argument.
        
           | yonaguska wrote:
           | OP isn't asserting an answer to any of those questions, OP is
           | asking for an answer at all. All of those associations and
           | events are tied into the lab leak hypothesis. So, if you are
           | going to make any hypothesis on the lab leak, those are
           | events that need to be addressed. OP is asking that you look
           | at all the evidence, or you are not arguing in good faith. I
           | don't see how it's ironic.
        
             | thedorkknight wrote:
             | The problem is that they're not evidence for a lab leak.
             | They're evidence for Peter Daszak being a shady person who
             | was scared of the thought of a lab leak being linked to him
             | regardless of whether or not it's true, and handled it in
             | the worst way possible.
        
               | waynesonfire wrote:
               | Lets have the data and facts speak for what Peter Daszaks
               | motivase are.
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | If that's true, it needs to be addressed. If it's true,
               | then Peter Daszak, surely would have evidence that would
               | exonerate him, along with corroborating witnesses.
               | Instead, he hides and deflects. Unfortunately, it's
               | become a right vs left issue, so he has an entire
               | political establishment deflecting for him on his behalf.
               | 
               | It's human nature, if you are already predisposed to a
               | suspicion, then the subject of that suspicion does
               | something shady, this only confirms your suspicion.
        
               | slg wrote:
               | >It's human nature, if you are already predisposed to a
               | suspicion, then the subject of that suspicion does
               | something shady, this only confirms your suspicion.
               | 
               | Which is why the presumption of innocence is central to
               | most modern judicial systems and is widely recognized as
               | a human right. Why should we throw out that principal in
               | this specific instance?
        
               | thedorkknight wrote:
               | Also, Hanson's Razor:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon's_razor
               | 
               | Basically, its entirely possible that Daszak is covering
               | up a lab leak. Its also entirely possible he's an
               | arrogant asshole who got scared of the implication that
               | there was a lab leak.
        
               | thedorkknight wrote:
               | >If it's true, then Peter Daszak, surely would have
               | evidence that would exonerate him, along with
               | corroborating witnesses
               | 
               | Disagree, since you can't really prove a negative. I'm
               | not sure what evidence could "exonerate" him in a way
               | that would remove everyone's suspicion.
               | 
               | Besides, I listened to the podcast "This Week in
               | Virology" A lot during covid, and they talked about
               | Daszak multiple times, especially since some of the hosts
               | have professional connections with him. Prof. Racaniello,
               | the main host, has even interviewed him, pre-pandemic.
               | Unfortunately, all of their discussion around the lab
               | leak hypothesis would just get disregarded by people
               | since it didn't fit the conspiracy narrative, and they
               | just got written off as "anti-Trump" as a result.
               | Literally, one of their march 2020 episodes where they'd
               | usually answer listener questions, as they'd been doing
               | for nearly a decade, was just them being baffled by
               | suddenly getting hate mail accusing them of being
               | "political" and "anti-Trump". That's also when I realized
               | personally that we were screwed but I digress.
               | 
               | >It's human nature, if you are already predisposed to a
               | suspicion, then the subject of that suspicion does
               | something shady, this only confirms your suspicion.
               | 
               | Totally agreed, and I get it. This is why learning about
               | cognitive biases and structured critical thinking was so
               | eye-opening to me and why I think we should be teaching
               | these things in school as early as possible.
        
         | kurupt213 wrote:
         | Fauci was all over this. This is his program.
        
       | tadfisher wrote:
       | So was the first outbreak at the lab or at the wet market? I feel
       | like everything else is circumstantial and conspiracy-laden.
        
         | AndrewThrowaway wrote:
         | As I imagine it can hardly be in the lab because the lab itself
         | is not a good environment for the virus to spread.
         | 
         | However if only one sick transfers it somewhere it spreads in
         | the environment where it is easy to spread - smaller (semi)
         | enclosed space, a lot of people in that space, particular
         | humidity and etc.
         | 
         | E.g. if I got a virus in laboratory and then spread it on the
         | plane carrying 200 passengers, the first outbreak would be on
         | the plane. However we can't say it "originated" on the plane.
        
         | tuetuopay wrote:
         | The two are not necessarily opposed. It can very well be a lab
         | leak that infected the wet market: a scientist visiting the
         | market, a supplier for lab animals getting the virus out to the
         | market, etc, and the market starting the widespread
         | transmission to the general population.
         | 
         | Whatever the case is, no, this is not circumstantial. If this
         | is indeed a lab break, then action must be taken immediately
         | for anything like it not to happen again. I don't mean
         | "pointing fingers", but triggering a thorough review of all
         | such labs worldwide and up security measures. This must not
         | happen again.
         | 
         | TL;DR if it's a lab leak, it's actionable to us as humans to
         | prevent further occurrences.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Do we have something like the International Atomic Energy
           | Agency, but for biological labs?
        
         | daneel_w wrote:
         | Author suggests that _the origin of the virus_ is the
         | laboratory. Nothing said about the first site of outbreak, but
         | every investigation seems to agree that it 's the wet market.
        
         | pragmar wrote:
         | There's evidence that it was neither. Blood tests of athletes
         | that competed in the Wuhan Military games in October 2019 point
         | to the virus circulating earlier. The timeline that much of the
         | conversation rests on feels kind of weak.
        
         | wsc981 wrote:
         | The furin cleavage site itself pretty much points to a lab
         | leak.
        
           | stonogo wrote:
           | No, it doesn't.
        
       | rhodorhoades wrote:
       | I don't know if it was initial propaganda or what, but literally
       | right before COVID became a thing, there's was a couple news
       | articles that popped up on HN saying there has been a lab leak
       | from wuhan and the government is locking down the area.
       | 
       | Three weeks later there's this giant pandemic. I remember telling
       | my wife about it in December before Christmas but now I can't
       | find any articles dating back to that time.
       | 
       | My point is not that the lab leak is true, but in this modern
       | world is it literally impossible to know what's true and what's
       | propaganda.
        
         | pwinnski wrote:
         | According to hn.algolia.com, the first mention of anything like
         | you describe is from Jan 8, 2020[0], which isn't before
         | Christmas 2019. The first US case was announced two weeks
         | later, and "this giant pandemic" came a bit after that.
         | 
         | I _think_ your memory might be slightly off, although in
         | completely understandable ways. Placing events on a personal
         | timeline can be difficult.
         | 
         | 0. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21989913
        
           | tomjakubowski wrote:
           | I found one story posted on Jan 1, 2020
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21926713
           | 
           | FWIW, I've not found Algoila to be a reliable search engine
           | for HN. In fact, when I narrowed my search down further to
           | link it here, as below - that article disappeared from the
           | results. (Also doesn't help that keyboard input to the date
           | picker is totally broken)
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateEnd=1578182400&dateRange=custom&.
           | ..
        
       | barnacled wrote:
       | The problem with this is it is full of utterly debunked nonsense
       | that Ebright knows full well has been addressed.
       | 
       | It's Brandolini's law [0] in action, and no matter how many times
       | virologists rebut these positions the same old tripe gets wheeled
       | out again, and again, and again. If you ignore rebuttals and just
       | repeat yourself + get 20k likes on twitter how many people are
       | going to see a rebuttal like the excellent one from Dr Rasmussen
       | here -
       | https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/15669764417361715...
       | 
       | The recent science papers which have been closely peer reviewed
       | and none of these guys have been able to rebut (but oh have they
       | tried, since they are VERY inconvenient for lab leak), instead
       | it's the same tired nit-picking and misunderstanding.
       | 
       | For a break down of the science papers read
       | https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/15519378265808240...
       | which goes into painful levels of detail to explain what the
       | paper discovered and why it's so compelling and why it all but
       | rules out lab leak.
       | 
       | It's sad to me that somebody with a name and position and blue
       | tick abuses that position to spread what amounts to
       | misinformation, but that's where we are in society I guess.
       | 
       | If you want a test, see how these lab leak advocates have reacted
       | to any paper or data that pushes back against their claim. It has
       | been a mad scramble to attack, nit-pick, dismiss and smear
       | (Ebright especially likes confict-of-interest implications).
       | These are not honest people.
       | 
       | [0]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini%27s_law
        
         | gausswho wrote:
         | To skip the Twitter noise and get straight to the paper:
         | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8715
        
         | rvanlaar wrote:
         | I've read the paper. What got my senses tingling, is that: -
         | there has been no investigation on which strains were in the
         | lab - if the data is to be trusted, given it's in China.
         | 
         | Till those questions have been answered I remain skeptical
         | about the origin.
        
         | arisAlexis wrote:
         | Actually all of his claims are facts unless proven otherwise.
         | Do you have proof that these facts (Wuhan playing with these
         | viruses, funding etc) are not true or you would like them to
         | not be true?
        
           | ubertaco wrote:
           | I wonder if you take an "all claims are facts until proven
           | otherwise" approach to religion as well, and if so, how do
           | you reconcile the mutually-exclusive (but non-falsifiable)
           | claims that various religions make counter to one another?
        
           | BryantD wrote:
           | It's a fact that I had coffee with someone who grew up a
           | thousand miles away from me yesterday. If I were to infer
           | from that fact that there was something unusual about that, I
           | would be wrong.
        
           | barnacled wrote:
           | 'Claims are facts until proven otherwise' is quite the take,
           | I think Karl Popper would take issue with that.
           | 
           | I linked a thorough thread from a domain expert explaining in
           | detail why the claims are false. These things have been
           | addressed/debunked many, many times but still get repeated
           | because the untruths get amplified and the rebuttals not.
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | This is sophistry. The OP is stating facts. You are being
             | "vague" by saying that these have been "debunked" relying
             | on the long term "no conspiracy" theory which does really
             | not apply in this case. This is a very clear Bayesian
             | probability problem.
        
               | barnacled wrote:
               | No, you literally said 'all his claims are facts until
               | proven otherwise'.
               | 
               | I am not being vague, I literally posted a link to a
               | rebuttal thread.
               | 
               | This is why I don't post on hacker news any more.
        
               | arisAlexis wrote:
               | You guys are missing the point. Either you believe some
               | unknown variable has zero probability or even if it is
               | small you think ifs not worth discovering, for an event
               | that is the most important since ww2. Is there proof of
               | zero probability? No.
        
           | forgotpwd16 wrote:
           | The "all claims are facts unless proven otherwise" is a wrong
           | way to think about. You must prove a claim, not the other way
           | around. What is perhaps better to say is that he makes no
           | arguments but just lists observations (nitpick: therefore can
           | be no such thing as rebuttal). As the commentary tweets don't
           | call them wrong, we can assume they're indeed correct (thus
           | nothing was debunked). That said, I'ld have preferred if he
           | had correct citations such as the link to the Nature article.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Thanks, that's an excellent thread. Sorry you're getting piled
         | on buy idiots...
        
         | kick_in_the_dor wrote:
         | Care to give us the spark notes of the paper?
        
           | projektfu wrote:
           | The Twitter thread is the SparkNotes on the paper.
        
             | kick_in_the_dor wrote:
             | Ah I didn't notice that.
        
         | phartenfeller wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this. For no expert in this field like me,
         | peer-reviewed articles in a highly regarded publication like
         | Science Magazine eliminated the lab theory. But I guess trust
         | in science is unfortunately not as big as it was. And some
         | people are biased as they want some theory to be true.
        
           | forgotpwd16 wrote:
           | Here're some interesting parts from paper's concluding
           | section.
           | 
           | >These findings suggest that infected animals were present at
           | the Huanan market at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic;
           | however, we do not have access to any live animal samples
           | from relevant species. Additional information, including
           | sequencing data and detailed sampling strategy, would be
           | invaluable to test this hypothesis comprehensively.
           | 
           | >The sustained presence of a potential source of virus
           | transmission into the human population in late 2019,
           | plausibly from infected live mammals sold at the Huanan
           | market, offers an explanation of our findings and the origins
           | of SARS-CoV-2.
           | 
           | It doesn't eliminate or prove anything. Only makes a case
           | that zoosis is a good hypothesis.
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | >It's about a separate personal desire to regulate supposedly
         | risky research.
         | 
         | Referring to: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2015.18787
         | 
         | So a paper on a lab-made coronavirus related to SARS that can
         | infect human cells from Wuhan on topic about the origins of a
         | coronavirus related to SARS that can infect human cells that
         | caused the pandemic from Wuhan, is a separate personal desire?
         | 
         | >It's about a completely different study that didn't result in
         | any pandemic.
         | 
         | Because after the article was published, Wuhan stopped working
         | on this, right? Or is expected China (or any other country)
         | publishes everything related to something delicate as this?
         | 
         | Seriously this "rebuttal" is anything but excellent. The ironic
         | answers to good remarks makes it even worse. Sounds more like
         | trying to evade the ~~points made~~ info given rather answering
         | them.
         | 
         | As for the papers, origins of pandemic and origins of virus are
         | distinct things. So, yes, we can all agree that evidence shows
         | that pandemic started in the market, and as virus can infect
         | animals sold there, this points towards that virus came from
         | animals. But genetically is there anything that can distinguish
         | a natural from a lab-made virus?
        
       | seydor wrote:
       | Well I hope that at least the next lab-made pandemic will insert
       | some beneficial mutations to humanity.
       | 
       | In a way, the lab-leak hypothesis is comforting, because it means
       | that nature with its own means did not manage to manufacture such
       | a highly-transmissive disease, despite the facts of modern life,
       | record human population and rates of travel. If it is not lab-
       | made, then nature may do this again soon with another virus.
        
         | PointlessLogin wrote:
         | > lab-made pandemic
         | 
         | Lab-leak != Lab-made
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | In nature, it makes no sense for a virus to be both highly
         | transmissible and highly deadly. Any such virus would cease to
         | exist after having run amok in such a way in its hosts.
         | Therefore, any extremely deadly virus should be looked at with
         | similarly extreme criticism, especially if / when it adapts and
         | becomes a better behaving parasite.
        
           | tedivm wrote:
           | Nature, and evolution, don't follow motive based logic.
           | Random mutations that are temporarily beneficial but are
           | detrimental to the long term do happen.
           | 
           | To put it another way, a cell mutates based off of random
           | chance. It doesn't have desires. We only have to go back as
           | far as 1918 to see an example of a virus that could not have
           | been engineered and was highly transmissible and highly
           | deadly. As you say, in the long term that doesn't work out-
           | the virus in that case mutated to be much more mild- which is
           | why you won't see viruses like that surviving for long. But
           | it still doesn't make sense to assume viruses evolve
           | according to a motivation based logic.
        
             | Moodles wrote:
             | Obviously the person you're responding to doesn't think
             | covid is conscious and has motivations...
        
         | anon291 wrote:
         | Nature does not 'manage to manufacture'. Genomic changes occur
         | by random chance.
         | 
         | For example, nature did not intend to manufacture smallpox,
         | when that became a thing 4-5000 years ago. Instead, some random
         | pox virus (like monkey pox) infected some people and random
         | changes happened to produce smallpox, which became endemic in
         | the human population. Then, another mutation happened that
         | caused hemmorhagic smallpox to become a thing and to start
         | killing people (the vast majority of smallpox strains do not
         | have high death rates, although they can cause bad disability,
         | although no one knows if they would with modern medicine).
         | 
         | So nature can produce anything a human can. But certainly,
         | human intervention to make a disease worse can also make
         | terrible diseases.
        
         | JaceLightning wrote:
         | or... if it's a lab-leak then evil governments know they can
         | create world-wide devastating pandemics.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | They were most probably aware of that yet
        
           | TheCraiggers wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure evil governments already know this. If
           | nothing else, it's been the plot of many popular stories for
           | decades.
        
         | tmaly wrote:
         | I think we are going to find out soon:
         | 
         | https://news.yahoo.com/china-locks-down-65-million-095328796...
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | > 33 cities including seven provincial capitals are under
           | full or partial lockdown covering more than 65 million people
           | 
           | > It said that outbreaks have been reported in 103 cities,
           | the highest since the early days of the pandemic in early
           | 2020.
           | 
           | Crazy, it's like the rest of the world moved on but China is
           | still in 2020.
        
             | kurupt213 wrote:
             | Their vaccine being worthless didn't help
        
               | eloff wrote:
               | It is not very effective from what I've seen. They would
               | have been better off contracting with Pfizer or other
               | Western companies that had effective vaccines.
               | 
               | Cheap made in China crap that doesn't work. I kid, sort
               | of.
        
         | throwaway290 wrote:
         | > the lab-leak hypothesis is comforting, because it means that
         | nature with its own means did not manage to manufacture such a
         | highly-transmissive disease
         | 
         | We are _well_ past the point where nature is our greatest
         | enemy.
         | 
         | A lab leak of such consequences has the attention of every
         | hostile organization out there. Imagine the scale of hurt you
         | could achieve, yourself remaining pretty much immune to
         | detection and prosecution, by doing the same thing but
         | _intentionally_. Bye-bye unrestricted travel.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | Eh, a rogue planet could convert the earth into a small
           | asteroid belt.
        
             | brippalcharrid wrote:
             | You'd need more than a few postgrads over the course of
             | several weeks to synthesize a rogue planet, though.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Luckily, before that happens, humans will have killed
             | themselves off and turned the planet into Venus 2.0. That
             | way, the rogue planet doesn't have to feel guilty of wiping
             | out an advanced species.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | thegabriele wrote:
         | Nature did in the past many times, didn't it?
        
           | chasil wrote:
           | Not really that many times.
           | 
           | I understand that most of the major viral pathogens have
           | emerged in the last 10,000 years, since urban society
           | replaced hunter-gatherer culture.
           | 
           | It has not been difficult to bring what naturally evolved
           | under control in developed countries.
        
             | brnaftr361 wrote:
             | No, it was the neolithic, and in particular animal
             | husbandry that was the culprit rather than _simply_
             | urbanization which was a later emergence. And when you
             | contrast new world peoples who had very few animals to
             | domesticate, there 's only one disease thought to have
             | originated there: _syphilis_. This is despite the records
             | of highly concentrated populations in various regions in
             | the New World.
        
               | chasil wrote:
               | "In the world our human immune system evolved in hundreds
               | of thousands of years ago, infectious diseases could not
               | become a major problem because, with a few exceptions,
               | when you survive an infectious disease, you usually don't
               | get it again. Either it kills you or it leaves you
               | completely immune to it for the rest of your life. For
               | the vast majority of human history our species lived in
               | small tribes that were spread thin and, for all intents
               | and purposes, pretty isolated from each other. An
               | infectious disease simply could not become a dangerous
               | threat and establish itself in our ancestors effectively.
               | Because if it infected a tribe, it would infect every
               | available person in no time and then die off because
               | there would be no one left to jump over. So our evolution
               | did not really have to consider these sorts of pathogens
               | that much.
               | 
               | "As we became farmers and city dwellers our lifestyle
               | changed forever--and so did the diseases that targeted
               | us. Living close together created a perfect breeding
               | ground for infectious diseases. Suddenly, in evolutionary
               | terms, there were hundreds or even thousands of victims
               | to infect. As our ancestors were not aware of the nature
               | of microorganisms or even basic hygiene and they did not
               | yet possess tools like soap and indoor plumbing, there
               | was not much they could do--on the contrary, their lack
               | of understanding made things worse.
               | 
               | "And when they began domesticating and living together
               | with animals in close quarters, often even sleeping in
               | the same rooms, some pathogens jumped over. Our new
               | lifestyle turned out to be the perfect environment for
               | the pathogens of our new animal friends, to adapt to
               | humans and vice versa. As a consequence, virtually every
               | infectious disease we know today arose in the last ten
               | thousand years. From cholera, smallpox, measles,
               | influenza, and the common cold to chicken pox."
               | 
               |  _Immune_ by Philipp Dettmer
        
         | elcomet wrote:
         | Lab-leak doesn't mean lab-made. Those labs study natural
         | viruses.
        
         | dijit wrote:
         | > Well I hope that at least the next [..] pandemic will insert
         | some beneficial mutations to humanity.
         | 
         | Sometimes this is indirect; there is some debate on why some
         | Europeans have immunity to HIV, the current hypothesis is that
         | it's a result of us surviving the Black Plague.
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/03/050325234239.h...
        
           | tibbydudeza wrote:
           | Also why Africans did not suffer such large number of
           | fatalities per population. A younger population but we are
           | one of the few regions in the world still giving the TB/Polio
           | vaccine at birth.
           | 
           | "epigenetic modifications, activate cells of the innate
           | immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages and natural
           | killer cells"
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34983348/
        
         | bigodbiel wrote:
         | I disagree, I hope that lableak confirmation will push for a
         | reassessment on the risk reward ratios for research. It may
         | slow down scientific process, but we can now see that the
         | dangers, if catastrophic enough, even if minimal, may not
         | warrant it.
        
           | kurupt213 wrote:
           | I can't believe anyone would seriously say 'it doesn't matter
           | how it happened.' That's like the NTSB holding a press
           | conference and saying it doesn't matter why the 747 crashed
           | and killed 500 people.
           | 
           | They have to determine what happened so they can do root
           | cause analysis and institute procedures to make this less
           | likely to occur again.
        
             | fullshark wrote:
             | People will rationalize any argument as long as their
             | sacred cows are protected (we must defend SCIENCE it's
             | under attack from the ignorant!) or enemies eviscerated.
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | Easy now -- this is how we get zombies.
        
           | stefanpie wrote:
           | Antihypoxiant by Andy Weir:
           | http://www.galactanet.com/oneoff/antihypoxiant.html
        
             | pstuart wrote:
             | My fave of his of all time is The Egg:
             | http://www.galactanet.com/oneoff/theegg_mod.html
        
               | effingwewt wrote:
               | Just saw the Kurzgesagt video about this the other say
               | and it was truly amazing!
               | 
               | For me it was up there with 'I don't know, Timmy, being
               | God is a big responsibility'[1] by qntm.
               | 
               | I had meant to read up some more of Andy Weir but had
               | spaced it.
               | 
               | Thanks for the links y'all!
        
         | rajin444 wrote:
         | Isn't the lab leak hypothesis saying nature did this make this,
         | but scientists who were studying (and allowing) the natural
         | processes accidentally leaked it?
         | 
         | Which is the main argument against this kind of function
         | research - there's little gain compared to the risk.
        
           | roamerz wrote:
           | In the end are we not all a product of nature including the
           | scientists?
        
           | ix101 wrote:
           | The question is whether in the process of studying it they
           | intentionally created modified viruses, and that was what
           | leaked.
        
           | oofbey wrote:
           | The term "lab leak" is ambiguous (deliberately I guess) as to
           | whether the virus was modified in the lab before it leaked,
           | or if the lab leaked an unmodified virus.
           | 
           | But the preponderance of evidence is that the leaked virus
           | was modified before it was leaked. The critical spike protein
           | in SARS_CoV2 is coded uses a sequence of amino acids that has
           | never been seen before in any other coronavirus. I forget the
           | names, but there are certain common amino acids that can be
           | coded using several different functionally-identical DNA
           | (RNA) sequences, and the SARS-CoV2 one looks like the
           | sequences used in labs and humans, and never seen before in
           | natural viruses. One nobel laureate in biology described this
           | as a "smoking gun" that this was a lab leak when they first
           | heard about it.
        
         | bialpio wrote:
         | > (...) it means that nature with its own means did not manage
         | to manufacture such a highly-transmissive disease (...)
         | 
         | I think I'm less optimistic than you in this matter. There's at
         | least one counter-example to that statement:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu that has the same
         | order of magnitude of deaths as COVID-19, but in a world where
         | population was ~4x smaller and I'd expect less mobile /
         | interconnected.
        
       | throwawaycgfd wrote:
        
       | sinecure wrote:
       | I think covid's lasting impact will be one of vastly growing
       | mistrust in the political and scientific organizations that
       | society looks to for guidance.
       | 
       | From the CDC's ever changing guidelines, the liability-free, fast
       | tracked vaccine that doesn't actually mitigate transmission, the
       | labeling of media pushed medical hypothesis as "science" and any
       | debate as heresy, the effortless militarization of common
       | citizens to socially pressure and attack their neighbors into
       | compliance, and the coordinated "fact checking" campaigns of
       | powerful organizations that have turned out to be complete lies.
       | It's all done lasting damage to societal trust... from our own
       | families and neighbors, to the heights of academic and
       | governmental leadership.
       | 
       | People are rightfully asking many questions. Are the FDA, CDC,
       | and the WHO corrupted by big Pharma companies and political
       | groups that care more about saving face and profit than the
       | truth? Is academia similarly corrupted to create research that
       | supports the chosen narrative? Is "trusting the experts" really
       | the embodiment of science... or one of religious zealotry?
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | Another big one is how they purposefully lied about masks not
         | working at first to protect supplies (or at least didn't bother
         | recommending them), then turned to everyone should use cloth
         | masks, then cloth masks don't work, and then masking kids all
         | day long at school was pointless, etc.
         | 
         | The whole back and forth, unquestioning compliance at all costs
         | strategy, and purposeful deception just makes everyone
         | exhausted, skeptical, and builds resentment.
         | 
         | The worst part is that there isn't any big plans in place to
         | get supplies for better-than-N95 respirators for hospital
         | workers. I have doubts even N95s will be widely available to
         | the public by the next pandemic.
        
           | endgame wrote:
           | http://web.archive.org/web/20200301001854/https://twitter.co.
           | ..
           | 
           | U.S. Surgeon-General on Twitter, 2022-02-29:
           | 
           | > Seriously people- STOP BUYING MASKS!
           | 
           | > They are NOT effective in preventing general public from
           | catching #Coronavirus, but if healthcare providers can't get
           | them to care for sick patients, it puts them and our
           | communities at risk!
        
         | ausbah wrote:
         | >CDC's ever changing guidelines
         | 
         | this was much more of a presentation problem then anything. of
         | course the science will change in the middle of new viral
         | outbreak, people's perception of science just isn't that.
         | 
         | >liability-free, fast tracked vaccine that doesn't actually
         | mitigate transmission
         | 
         | of course you'll fast track a solution when you have a global
         | pandemic? seems like a no brainer? and I don't recall
         | transmission ever being promised, only a substantial lower
         | chance of severe infection and death - which was a main goal to
         | help reduce loads on hospitals?
         | 
         | >labeling of media pushed medical hypothesis as "science" and
         | any debate as heresy
         | 
         | medical hypothesis are a part of science? and I think there's
         | definitely room for debate on how vaccines, closures, masks,
         | etc. could have been done - but when the debate is just over if
         | masks or vaccines even work it's kinda silly to be wasting time
         | talking with the "opposition"
         | 
         | >the effortless militarization of common citizens to socially
         | pressure and attack their neighbors into compliance
         | 
         | I don't see the problem with this sort of social pressure in
         | regards to a pandemic. it's not like being reported to the
         | "covid gestapo" for not social distancing for something
        
           | ralph84 wrote:
           | > I don't recall transmission ever being promised, only a
           | substantial lower chance of severe infection and death
           | 
           | No, that was the spin after it became clear they didn't
           | prevent infection or transmission. When they were given EUA
           | they were sold as 95% effective at preventing covid[0], and
           | there are plenty of clips of officials including the
           | president of the US saying if you get vaccinated you won't
           | get or spread covid. Nothing about reducing symptoms. Heck,
           | read the prescribing info[1]. It still says the indication is
           | to prevent covid, not reduce symptoms.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-
           | deta...
           | 
           | [1] https://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=15623&fo
           | rma...
        
             | Izkata wrote:
             | No, "prevent covid" means people didn't get sick, which is
             | defined by symptoms. That press release isn't conflating
             | SARS-CoV-2 (the virus) with COVID-19 (the disease); it says
             | nothing about stopping infection/transmission.
             | 
             | That outcome could have been reached by either preventing
             | infection or just reducing symptoms, and they made no
             | attempt to claim which it was because they didn't test for
             | it.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | > of course the science will change in the middle of new
           | viral outbreak
           | 
           | No. Science very very rarely changes. The confidence in the
           | possible explanations is what changes. They communicated low
           | confidence information with high confidence. The trust was
           | destroyed with, what appeared to be, a concerted effort to
           | silence those that accurately communicated the low
           | confidence, or presented other equally possible, and far too
           | often eventually-correct, understandings. I think this covers
           | all the other points, above.
        
             | mikkergp wrote:
             | "We're sorry millions of you are dying, but we got nothing
             | for ya'" may be good science but horrific politics.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | That's, obviously, nonsense/hyperbole. I would suggest
               | looking at the communication in Germany for a good
               | example of science communication.
        
           | r3trohack3r wrote:
           | Science is a deeply personal philosophy that guides how an
           | individual interacts with the rest of society. Skepticism,
           | reproducibility, and verification. It is fundamentally _not_
           | trust based. The body of scientific knowledge is distinct
           | from other forms of knowledge in that it is documented in
           | such a way that you are able to independently validate it to
           | reach the same conclusions yourself. Anything short of that
           | is not science. If you are not able to review the methodology
           | and data yourself - it is not science from where you are
           | standing. If you are not able to reproduce the results - it
           | is not scientifically true from where you are standing.
           | 
           | What I perceived during the pandemic was a conflation of
           | _trust_ with science. When a high ranking public official
           | went on television and said "trust the science" - what they
           | meant was "trust me when I say some people are following the
           | philosophy of science, and that everyone along the chain of
           | trust between me and those people have assured me that the
           | conclusions they've reached are sound enough to base policy
           | on. You should trust me, and by proxy everyone between me and
           | those people practicing science."
           | 
           | What they were _not_ saying was "you should follow the
           | philosophy of science yourself."
           | 
           | Science would require the data and methodology be published
           | and readily available at the time of a press release
           | encouraging independent verification from anyone and
           | everyone. Folks who fail to generate the same results should
           | be allowed to share those negative results for others to vet.
           | Science would dictate that each individual person who
           | receives the information start from a position of skepticism
           | until the information has been vetted and validated on a
           | personal level.
           | 
           | Some people - likely most people - will choose to substitute
           | trust for science on a personal level; but anyone who
           | dictates that decision for others is not practicing science.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Man that pissed me off. You'd get people you know in real
             | life yelling at you for showing public data that went
             | against the narrative. Society did anything but "follow the
             | science". In fact, it was completely the opposite. It was
             | appeals to authority all the way down.
        
         | alphabettsy wrote:
         | I think you're leaving out the part where, for political or
         | other reasons, there are and were groups motivated to sell
         | distrust in American institutions as well as their political
         | rivals.
         | 
         | You cannot seriously have a debate about this mistrust without
         | acknowledging the role of misinformation and motivated actors
         | looking to sew mistrust.
         | 
         | Remember when 5G causing Covid was trending? Or memes about how
         | hot water in a netipot would kill it? Or that if you had a
         | strange cold anytime in 2019 you probably already had it?
         | 
         | Theories about microchips in the vaccine started spreading
         | before the vaccine was announced. People becoming magnetic
         | after the vaccine was trending.
        
           | chopin wrote:
           | Many institutions are handling Covid in the worst possible
           | way. The clinic of the University of Heidelberg (a scientific
           | institution tasked with educating physicians) for instance
           | insists on the 3G rule for admittance (either vaccinated,
           | recovered or tested for COVID). Either COVID is dangerous,
           | then only testing helps, or it is not dangerous, than testing
           | only a subgroup is irrational.
           | 
           | The entire health policy in Germany is in denial of the fact
           | that the vaccination doesn't help against transmission.
           | Refreshers are sold as helping against post- and long-COVID
           | where there is only little scientific evidence for it.
           | 
           | I don't think that it is necessary for anybody to sow
           | mistrust in institutions. Those handle that on their own
           | pretty well.
           | 
           | The Rubikon was crossed with telling that masks don't help -
           | against better knowledge. Only to avoid a run on masks and to
           | reserve them for health workers. After that, I took
           | everything being told with good chunk of salt.
        
             | alphabettsy wrote:
             | > Either COVID is dangerous, then only testing helps, or it
             | is not dangerous, than testing only a subgroup is
             | irrational.
             | 
             | You'd like it to be such a binary choice, but like most
             | everything else in the world it's not.
             | 
             | Regardless of the faults or mistakes I think it's incumbent
             | on our leaders to try to improve the situation not make it
             | worse for political gain.
        
           | slg wrote:
           | >I think you're leaving out the part where, for political
           | reasons, there are and were groups motivated to sell distrust
           | in American institutions as well as their political rivals.
           | 
           | The conversations on HN about the lab leak hypothesis always
           | leave this out. They often imply the politicization of covid
           | came from scientists trying to protect themselves rather than
           | from politicians. Maybe the lab leak theory is true, but you
           | can't dismiss the fact that it first rose to public
           | prominence because politicians pushed it as a way to shift
           | the blame for the pandemic. Therefore the anti-lab leak
           | argument was heavily political specifically because it was
           | responding to an already politicized argument that had little
           | evidence to support it.
        
             | TrispusAttucks wrote:
             | Not true.
             | 
             | Lab leak hypothesis came up early from NIH's own people. We
             | have the emails. Government officials had these emails
             | before "We the people" did so would have been first to
             | sound the alarm publicly.
             | 
             | https://nypost.com/2022/01/24/emails-reveal-suspected-
             | covid-...
             | 
             | https://www.congress.gov/117/meeting/house/114270/documents
             | /...
        
               | slg wrote:
               | I'm unclear what specifically in those links do you think
               | contradicts what I said. The lab theory being discussed
               | in scientific circles does not change the fact that
               | politicians are the ones who pushed it into public
               | discourse for their own gain and not because of any
               | scientific pursuit of truth.
               | 
               | Also side note, an opinion piece from the New York Post
               | isn't exactly the most trustworthy source.
        
         | 015a wrote:
         | With the latest being: EUA approval, and the preemptive
         | purchase of over 100M doses, of the new Pfizer/Moderna omicron
         | vaccine after only being tested in mice.
         | 
         | Sure, its similar to previous iterations which have undergone
         | human testing. Sure, we have a good understanding of how they
         | work, theoretically. The FDA isn't an _entirely_ corrupt and
         | incompetent organization. But without human efficacy and safety
         | data, it feels beyond likely to me that acceptance rates among
         | even the  "silent majority" of people will be low.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-authorize-
         | new...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/06/29/biden-harris-
         | admin...
        
         | rtikulit wrote:
         | Are you claiming that all authorities, organizations,
         | businesses and experts acted (and are continuing to act)
         | largely in bad faith?
        
           | namose wrote:
           | It seems pretty clear to me that regarding the origin of the
           | virus specifically, there has been bad-faith dismissal of the
           | lab leak theory due to the politicization of GoF research.
        
         | robomartin wrote:
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | And, it has reached the top, with the most disturbing phrase
           | I've seen come out of the White House [1]:
           | 
           | "When you are not with where the majority of Americans are,
           | then, you know, that is extreme. That is an extreme way of
           | thinking."
           | 
           | 1.
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dButKWnTmG8&feature=emb_title
        
             | robomartin wrote:
             | The majority of any population (not just USA) are ignorant
             | about most topics. Masses are not intelligent. This is
             | particularly true of a range of topics, from economics and
             | financial domains to anything in the sciences and
             | engineering. The masses are also really bad at being
             | intelligent about anything that requires a long term view
             | or planning.
             | 
             | Given that, it is probably fair to say that the intelligent
             | people are likely _not_ where the majority opinion lies.
             | Not always, of course, there are no absolutes. Being
             | outside the majority generally requires applying critical
             | thinking and sometimes a lot of work to truly understand
             | something. My mother used to vote based on who she liked. I
             | mean, quite literally, not much different from a beauty
             | contest. If she liked the person --for whatever reason--
             | she voted for them. I loved my mom, but her voting was
             | ignorant and likely damaging to society. I hypothesize,
             | based on conversations, that most people vote this way (or
             | straight-up party affiliation, which is equally stupid).
             | 
             | As an example I use the work I had to undertake in order to
             | understand something seemingly simple: The reality vs. the
             | fantasy of photovoltaic solar energy. I was 100% on the
             | fantasy camp when I built my 13 kW array. It didn't take
             | long for me to, as an engineer, start asking questions
             | based on what I was seeing. The full understanding took an
             | honest evaluation based on actually having skin in the
             | game, experience, math and more. It probably took me a
             | couple of years to go from being a solar energy cult member
             | to being a solar energy realist. I venture to guess that
             | 99.9% of people will never take that journey.
             | 
             | If understanding that the masses are wrong makes one
             | "extreme", so be it. These days we find all kinds of ways
             | to denigrate and stomp on people who don't push accepted
             | narratives. The masses don't realize that politicians
             | create divisive narratives with the sole purpose of
             | capturing votes and retaining or growing power. They do not
             | --regardless of party-- work for us. They work for
             | themselves. They work to stay in power. That is, in CS
             | terminology, their fitness function --what drives their
             | evolution and actions. Their power is evidence of just how
             | stupid populations have been over the years.
             | 
             | On a much darker side, this statement out of government
             | --any government-- is scary in ways history has shown us
             | time and time again. Genocides have been perpetrated
             | because the masses --ignorant and stupid as they are-- are
             | easily manipulated to fall in line with the politics of the
             | those in power. The Armenian, Jewish and Darfour genocides
             | are just a few examples of this. Mobs are not intelligent.
             | We should actually embrace those who do not agree with the
             | majority, not expunge them.
        
               | garren wrote:
               | I'd be curious to get a better understanding of the
               | "solar energy reali[sm]" that you mentioned. It sounds
               | like you're suggesting that solar is less practical or
               | efficient than we've been led to believe.
               | 
               | I've got at least 3 neighbors by me with arrays that
               | effectively eliminate their monthly home energy costs,
               | that seems pretty great. Is that not a realistic
               | expectation for most people with the time/money to invest
               | in such a setup?
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | > that effectively eliminate their monthly home energy
               | costs
               | 
               | The average payback, in the US, is 12 years. Until that
               | time, the energy cost isn't eliminated, it has shifted to
               | the payment of those panels, along with interest,
               | connection fees, maintenance, and added taxes and
               | insurance. For some, the numbers might not make sense.
        
               | robomartin wrote:
               | A few things.
               | 
               | At the home level, I would ask if you have actually
               | spoken to these neighbors and learned if they have
               | significant monthly costs electricity costs. Most of my
               | neighbors still spend in the order of $200 to $300 per
               | month after solar installation. There are many reasons
               | for this. I bought my system and did all the work myself.
               | Not only is my system about twice the size of anything
               | around me (Google satellite view is great for this), it
               | doesn't cost me a dime once installed. Most of my
               | neighbors got scammed into various forms of leasing. They
               | have a lease payment in the $150/month+ range for half
               | the system (typically 4 to 6 kilowatt vs. my 13 kW. The
               | combination of an undersized system and living in an area
               | where constant air conditioning is a must, means most of
               | them are paying for electricity every month despite
               | having solar. I don't. In fact, the power company usually
               | owes me money.
               | 
               | The first reality is that none of them would be able to
               | use their solar panels to charge electric cars. They
               | can't. They can barely run their homes with them. And,
               | frankly, I can't. Even with a 13 kW system, I can't use
               | it to charge electric cars. It simply isn't enough. Or
               | more importantly, it is unreliable and highly variable in
               | performance.
               | 
               | This is where we start getting into the technical
               | realities of solar, with the analysis starting at the
               | most basic small system "home" level and then expanding
               | out into large-scale installations.
               | 
               | Here's a picture of my system generating power on a good
               | day:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/Fl8ARJd.png
               | 
               | Notice the peak isn't 13 kW, but rather about 10 kW. I
               | have reached 11 kW and never more than that. There are
               | many reasons for this. One of them is that solar panels
               | have a negative temperature coefficient, which means they
               | generate less power as they get hot. They always get hot.
               | Their advertised rating is for what I would call ideal
               | conditions. Most people think of solar panels as these
               | magical things that make power. Well, they are not.
               | 
               | As the evaluation expands into utility-scale solar it is
               | crucially important to understand what this curve means.
               | It is an inverted parabola. Which means the area under
               | the curve, the integral of that function, is 2/3 the area
               | under the enclosing constant power rectangle. If we draw
               | a rectangle with the top line at 10 kW, the area under
               | that rectangle is the energy produced. The area for a
               | solar system with the same peak power is 2/3 that of the
               | rectangle. In other words, it can only generate --on a
               | good day-- 67% of the total energy. Another way to put is
               | is: In order to generate the same energy you need a
               | system that is 1.5 times larger (1 / 0.67). I would have
               | to expand my system to 20 kW in order to have the
               | equivalent of the constant power 10 kW output one would
               | get from a conventional power plan (a fraction of the
               | total output, of course).
               | 
               | I said "on a good day". That is the other reality-vs-
               | fantasy aspect of solar and one of the reasons for which
               | your neighbors might be paying a lot more for electricity
               | than they thought they would when they got their systems.
               | Here's another picture from my system:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/SOr30bX.png
               | 
               | What are those horrendous dips that reduce power by as
               | much as 50%?
               | 
               | Clouds.
               | 
               | Yup. Clouds, and, in general, the weather and atmospheric
               | dirt and dust affect solar in dramatic ways. My system is
               | oversized enough that I come out OK at the end of the
               | month. Not so for my neighbors. These dips absolutely
               | kill your ability to make power reliably and reduce your
               | average energy output.
               | 
               | This is what a typical month could look like:
               | 
               | https://i.imgur.com/bGuCH2F.png
               | 
               | Here you can see daily performance that results on peaks
               | of about 50 kWh (energy generation, the integral of power
               | over time) down to about 10 kWh.
               | 
               | This is brutal. What it means, in no uncertain terms, is,
               | if we were talking about utility scale solar, having to
               | build an array that is five times larger than needed just
               | to compensate for this issue. I stress: Just this one
               | issue.
               | 
               | Remember the 2/3 of the area under the constant power
               | curve? That meant you need a system that is 1.5 times
               | larger. Now you have to take that and multiply it by
               | five. That means 7.5 times larger to account for both the
               | parabolic power curve and fluctuations in power output.
               | 
               | And yet, we are not done. Photovoltaic systems only
               | generate power for roughly 12 hours per day. Once could
               | argue it's less than that because the early and late
               | hours make very little power. Keeping the assumption at
               | twelve hours, well, we want power for 24 hours, not 12.
               | Which means we need a large number of batteries to store
               | power for use at night.
               | 
               | That's great. However, the energy to charge the batteries
               | has to come from somewhere. If that somewhere is the same
               | solar array, we have to build an even larger version of
               | what we have. Super simple numbers: We need to double it!
               | If we want the same average energy output 24/7 we need to
               | store what we can make during the day on a massive set of
               | batteries. These batteries require their own separate
               | array. The existing array is delivering power you will
               | use for other applications.
               | 
               | This is how we reach a multiplier somewhere in the order
               | of 15. You need a system that is 15 times the required
               | peak constant power output and enough batteries to
               | maintain that as the sun comes down. The real number is
               | likely much larger than that due to system and
               | transmission efficiency realities.
               | 
               | I'll stop here and just mention that the issues go far
               | beyond that. For example, you can't cover 100% of a
               | utility-scale land area with panels because of practical
               | shading and construction/maintenance access requirements.
               | Panels have a lifespan of about 15 years. It is probably
               | the same for electronics. An installation with a million
               | panels is going to be a maintenance nightmare at some
               | point, with the potential of having to replace a million
               | panels every fifteen years or so. And the batteries? I
               | don't even want to think about that.
               | 
               | A million panels sounds like a lot? Assuming a nominal
               | label (not real output) power rating of 400 W per panel
               | that is only 400 MW theoretical output. Given the
               | analysis above, this size power plan isn't likely to be
               | able to produce much more than, say, 20 MW to 40 MW
               | equivalent constant power 24/7. For a sense of
               | proportion, a typical nuclear power plant produced 1000
               | MW 24/7/365. In other words, you might need somewhere in
               | the range of 25 million to 50 million panels (and
               | zillions of batteries) to build the equivalent of a 1 GW
               | nuclear power plant.
               | 
               | That, in a nutshell, is what I am talking about when I
               | speak of the reality vs. fantasy of solar. It isn't
               | magical. It isn't reliable. It might not even be very
               | green at all once we really look at not only the scale,
               | but the life cycle when compared to other technologies
               | (that is to say, mainly nuclear).
               | 
               | It is a fantasy to believe that the electric vehicle
               | revolution will be powered by solar on roofs. Nobody is
               | going to install the size systems required to power their
               | homes and, at the same time, charge multiple vehicles per
               | household. In order to charge a couple of vehicles you
               | probably need at least three times the system size I have
               | as well as a mass of batteries to allow access to energy
               | when needed. That probably means somewhere in the 30 kW
               | to 50 kW range per household. That isn't going to happen.
               | 
               | My take away after really looking at this is that we
               | better get behind nuclear in a massive way. If we throw
               | money at solar all we would accomplish is to engage in
               | the largest every transfer of wealth and economic power
               | from the West to China. All photovoltaic solar pretty
               | much comes form China. Build ridiculous scales of solar
               | and we will give China economic supremacy over the rest
               | of the world for, well, probably a century or more.
               | Imagine a business where billions of solar panels and
               | electronic components have to be replaced every 15 to 20
               | years and all of that hardware comes from China. In one
               | word: That would be beyond stupid. It would be like
               | becoming drug addicts, with China as our drug dealer.
               | 
               | We have to go nuclear. It's the only way.
        
             | mikkergp wrote:
             | Isn't this just the definition of the word extreme? I mean,
             | I get that maybe they're using the word extreme to equal
             | bad (maybe not), but I think this is just the definition of
             | the word.
             | 
             | Why do you think it's bad to have an extreme opinion? I
             | probably have quite a few of extreme opinions. Some wrong,
             | some right, some I cherish, some I dismiss.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | > _Isn 't this just the definition of the word extreme?_
               | 
               | Nope.
               | 
               | Consider, say, this chart of adult male height (no idea
               | if it's actually accurate, that's not really the point): 
               | https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ip4sMYv438c/TRjMhUlQczI/AAAAAA
               | AAA...
               | 
               | The majority are around 5'7" - 5'10".
               | 
               | "Extreme" would be the tail ends, say <5'1" or >6'3".
               | 
               | There's a fair bit between those, that is neither part of
               | the majority nor extreme.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | > Isn't this just the definition of the word extreme?
               | 
               | Absolutely not. From the dictionary:
               | extreme           Most remote in any direction; outermost
               | or farthest.           Being in or attaining the greatest
               | or highest degree; very intense.           Being far
               | beyond the norm: synonym: excessive
        
         | mikkergp wrote:
         | The question I want to know is how much of this is "bad"
         | corruption (worse than you would find in a 350 million
         | population relatively free democracy/republic) and how much of
         | this is sausage making. Was there any reasonable way for this
         | to go well, given the realities of living in a complex
         | democracy where we don't agree on how it should have gone? Is
         | it inevitable that societal trust breaks down just because
         | societies are complex things? So far, I've been losing more
         | sleep over the people losing trust than the people breaking
         | trust.
        
         | tinco wrote:
         | The liability-free fast tracked vaccine that doesn't actually
         | mitigate transmission greatly restored my belief that we might
         | survive the next large event. It was rolled out quickly, and it
         | actually greatly reduced mortality. Reducing transmission
         | would've been epic, but we can't win them all.
         | 
         | The CDC's ever changing guidelines were good, but their not
         | admitting that at some point the had been wrong or worse were
         | flat out lying did hurt societal trust a lot. The fact that
         | social pressure on our neighbours and government
         | recommendations failed to such an extent that we needed extra
         | policing just to get people to keep to reasonable curfews
         | sucked.
         | 
         | I don't know where you pull the "effortless militarization of
         | common citizens .. who attack" from, but a. that didn't happen,
         | and b. it was the people who did not follow government
         | recommendations and social pressure that were out there
         | militarizing and attacking their neighbours.
         | 
         | People are asking questions, that's how science works. But
         | basing laws and regulations on established science and expert
         | advice, that's how society is _supposed_ to work. You can be
         | angry about the state of science, or about the corrupting
         | influence of pharmaceutical companies, but don 't throw out the
         | baby with the bath water. The fact that we've been able to
         | respond swiftly based on expert advice and on established
         | science is a good thing. Maybe next time we'll make sure those
         | experts and scientists have more competence and better
         | alignment to our ethical values.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Imposing mandatory curfews was never reasonable. That was
           | never justified on an evidence-based medicine basis, and it
           | violated the fundamental human right of free assembly. Those
           | involved in policing such policies should be ashamed of
           | themselves.
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | Shame this gets downvotes. If we are following the science
             | there should be ample reproducible research out there
             | (conduced before the pandemic) showing that curfews had
             | enough benefits to justify their extreme costs.
             | 
             | But there is nothing. There is no research that lockdowns
             | would be worth their cost either but here we are...
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | M0r13n wrote:
       | I ask myself whether the Chinese government knows more about the
       | risks of a COVID infection and is therefore trying everything it
       | can to stop it from spreading. Maybe the virus actually leaked
       | and the chemists know something about the long term effects that
       | they do not publicly disclose.
        
         | vibrio wrote:
         | Chemists rarely work directly with viruses.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | narwal46 wrote:
        
         | Gareth321 wrote:
         | > People infected with SARS-COV-2 had more than three times the
         | risk of dying over the following year compared with those who
         | remained uninfected
         | 
         | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7...
        
       | nxpnsv wrote:
       | A study on motivated reasoning, don't trust anyone that sure of
       | something this controversial.
        
       | apeace wrote:
       | I'm wondering: what exactly is this virus research _for_ anyways?
       | 
       | Whether or not this lab leaked the virus and caused the pandemic,
       | I'm wondering why they are interested in engineering new variants
       | of SARS-like viruses in the first place?
       | 
       | Are the detractors of the lab-leak theory saying "Yes, they
       | engineered plenty of coronaviruses in the lab, there's just no
       | evidence that any of them leaked out" or are they saying "No,
       | this lab was never trying to engineer new coronaviruses"?
        
         | kennywinker wrote:
         | Answer is not complicated - the goal is to understand and
         | prevent / treat future outbreaks of emergent diseases like this
         | (and maybe even the common-cold coronaviruses). Just like how
         | security researchers hack things to improve security
        
         | forgotpwd16 wrote:
         | >why they are interested in engineering new variants of SARS-
         | like viruses in the first place?
         | 
         | A reason may be so they can know how a similar naturally
         | occurring virus may work.
        
       | exitb wrote:
       | What is the motivation behind research that makes viruses more
       | suitable for humans anyway? I assume it's not strictly a military
       | project, since there was international cooperation between
       | countries that aren't allies. What is it we're tying to achieve?
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | Better understand the mechanisms involved in order to have
         | better tools to fight against it, or better surveillance tools
         | when sampling? (e.g. have a better idea of whether a wildlife
         | pathogen is approaching zoonoticity)
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | Probably has no relevance for the research in question but
         | viruses are a very effective way to deliver CRISPR-based
         | therapies.
         | 
         | It's conceivable to implant the mRNA of a vaccine similar to
         | what was used for COVID-19 into a transmissible virus and
         | inoculate (or kill) large segments of the population.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | They will do it themselves naturally so studying such a change
         | means you are already prepared when they do.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | The military application is the easiest to imagine, but viruses
         | have been made useful in medicine too:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoviridae#Use_in_gene_thera...
        
       | notananthem wrote:
        
       | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
       | The early cases were very heavily concentrated around the Huanan
       | wet market, but not around the lab, which is on the other side of
       | the Wuhan, a pretty massive city.[0]
       | 
       | If the virus had come from the lab, you'd expect the early cases
       | to cluster around the lab. Instead, they were centered around a
       | wet market, just like the early cases of the original SARS were
       | back in 2002.
       | 
       | This is completely aside from the other reasons that make a lab
       | leak extremely unlikely. It's public knowledge which viruses the
       | lab in Wuhan works with. The lab regularly publishes its work,
       | lab members go to conferences to present their work, there are
       | international researchers at the institute in Wuhan. There would
       | have been no reason at all for them to hide SARS-CoV-2 prior to
       | the pandemic, and there is simply no shred of evidence that they
       | had SARS-CoV-2.
       | 
       | Finally, I would just encourage anyone who's wondering how much
       | stock to put in Ebright's claims to scroll through his Twitter
       | account. The online persona he cultivates is, to put it very
       | politely, that of a troll.
       | 
       | 0. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
        
         | carrolldunham wrote:
         | _> If the virus had come from the lab, you'd expect the early
         | cases to cluster around the lab. _
         | 
         | No, because it's not proposed that the virus leaked out of the
         | lab building into the nearby air. I presume it's more like a
         | person who worked at the lab getting infected, and then moving
         | around the city as normal, needing only to infect one other
         | person, anywhere in the city.
        
           | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
           | And that person just happened to go all the way across the
           | city to a wet market that sells the same sorts of animals
           | that caused the original SARS outbreak in 2002?
           | 
           | The earliest known cases are people who worked at the market
           | or lived right next to it. That's exactly what you'd expect
           | for an outbreak caused by animals at the market.
        
         | tristor wrote:
         | " The closest known CoV RaTG13 strain (96.2%) to SARS-CoV-2
         | detected in bat anal swabs have been sequenced at the Wuhan
         | Institute of Virology. The Wuhan CDC laboratory moved on 2nd
         | December 2019 to a new location near the Huanan market. Such
         | moves can be disruptive for the operations of any laboratory."
         | [0] (page 119)
         | 
         | [0] https://www.who.int/docs/default-
         | source/coronaviruse/final-j...
        
           | alphabettsy wrote:
           | Wasn't the first case in November though?
        
           | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
           | The Wuhan Institute of Virology, which studied RaTG13, is not
           | the same thing as the Wuhan CDC.
           | 
           | Two points about RaTG13:
           | 
           | 1. RaTG13 is not the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2. It's not even
           | the closest known relative any more. A closer relative has
           | since been found in the wild, in bats in Laos.
           | 
           | 2. RaTG13 doesn't even exist in live form in the Wuhan
           | Institute of Virology. It only exists there as data on a hard
           | drive, obtained by sequencing traces of RNA in a swab taken
           | from a bat in the wild. A replicating form of the virus has
           | never actually obtained. It's much more difficult to isolate
           | a replicating virus than it is to sequence RNA in a sample.
           | In fact, the WIV has only ever isolated three SARS-like
           | viruses, all of which are publicly known and have been
           | heavily publicized by the WIV (because it's a big deal,
           | scientifically, and reflects well on them).
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | As someone else has already pointed out, the provenance of the
         | virus, and its emergence/release location are two distinct
         | matters.
         | 
         | There appears to be consensus on the latter: the wet market
         | (although some do wonder about the mystery illness in Summer of
         | 2019, in US).
         | 
         | https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/07/11/2-dead-unknown-respirat...
         | 
         | "A news report from Virginia says that two people are dead and
         | 18 have been hospitalized following an outbreak of an unknown
         | respiratory infection at a retirement community. What could it
         | possibly be?"
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Detrick#2019_closure_and_...
         | 
         | So, were these "mystery illnesses" caused by _vaccinated_ US
         | military personnel who work in F.D. cranking around Washington
         | DC metro area?
        
       | hugoromano wrote:
       | "science-policy specialists expressed concern that the Wuhan
       | Institute of Virology" is precisely my concern. It is always a
       | "wait and see", instead of planning in case something goes wrong.
       | Public health is consistently the speciality among medicine
       | students they don't want.
        
       | scotchmi_st wrote:
       | If you click on the link in the thread, there's an editor's note
       | clarifying that this paper is being used to prop up dodgy claims,
       | for which there's no evidence.
       | 
       | The main issue I have with the 'lab leak' theory is that I
       | haven't seen much evidence one way or another. Hitchens' razor
       | applies- what can be stated without evidence can be as easily
       | dismissed without evidence. I personally don't see any issue with
       | the idea of this escaping from a lab (a friend who used to work
       | at the CDC told me some rather scary stories about working
       | there), but there's no serious evidence it was the case here.
       | 
       | On the other hand, many people would like it to be true, because
       | it feeds into a conspiracy narrative. People can't believe things
       | like global, deadly viral pandemics can occur naturally, even
       | though they do.
        
         | Enginerrrd wrote:
         | >but there's no serious evidence it was the case here
         | 
         | I mean, the furan cleavage site certainly counts as evidence of
         | a potential modification if it hasn't been observed in any of
         | the natural coronaviruses and inserting it in the position it
         | is was the subject of a grant proposal just a couple of years
         | prior, at the institute in close proximity to the outbreak.
         | 
         | There's also the fact that US intelligence leaked that a couple
         | of workers at WIV were hospitalized with COVID-like symptoms in
         | November, before the outbreak was otherwise detected which is
         | an unusual event for working-aged people. That is an extremely
         | suspicious timing and location of an unusual event in more than
         | one person, though we don't have confirmation of the causative
         | agent.
         | 
         | Also, while we're back into speculative evidence, I found the
         | behavior of the Chinese government was very suspicious
         | throughout.
         | 
         | I found it very interesting that there was a nation-wide
         | initiative in China toward enhancing lab safety at BSL labs
         | which was rolled out relatively quietly a few months into the
         | pandemic. They also pulled their viral genetic database offline
         | after the outbreak. Non-transparency is expected, but a couple
         | of those actions seem more damning.
        
         | Closi wrote:
         | > Hitchens' razor applies- what can be stated without evidence
         | can be as easily dismissed without evidence.
         | 
         | I think the problem is that there is very little evidence
         | exists for the other explanations - and an absence of evidence
         | isn't evidence of absence.
         | 
         | The lack of non-circumstantial evidence for the "Lab Leak"
         | theory can be partially explained by the fact that China
         | blocked investigations within the lab until 2021, and there are
         | obvious and strong geopolitical reasons why they would want to
         | destroy evidence if the 'lab leak' theory WAS true. This is
         | from a country already known to perform cover-ups.
         | 
         | So this is the problem - if the hypothesis was true, any
         | biological evidence would have most likely been intentionally
         | destroyed, which means we can't really apply 'Hitchens Razor'.
        
           | jiscariot wrote:
           | US officials also have the strong incentives to muddy the
           | waters for lab-leak. I mean, if true, we likely funded it
           | since Fauci's NIH was giving millions in grant money to
           | Daszak/EcoHealth Alliance, which was studying bat corona
           | viruses and arguing with the government over their gain of
           | function research.
           | 
           | Oddly Vanity Fair has done the best deep-dive I've seen on
           | this. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/03/the-virus-
           | hunting-no...
        
             | lubesGordi wrote:
             | Not only that but tensions are already high with China; you
             | really want to collapse that wave function? I'm pretty OK
             | with that not being public knowledge.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | Is it getting better or worse if we wait? Right now China
               | _probably_ wouldn 't dare invade Taiwan, whereas in ten
               | years they probably will. So yes, now is the right time
               | to find out whether they're willing to cooperate with the
               | rule-based international community or not.
        
         | abigail95 wrote:
         | If you say there's no evidence for something, what does that
         | mean? Are we talking about something without positive
         | verification, or that there is evidence the opposite is true.
         | 
         | If you are witness to a cover-up, that's not a signal that "no
         | evidence" is a good position to take.
         | 
         | There is evidence they lied about what they were doing. What
         | does that say about the probability of the existence of
         | positive evidence?
         | 
         | They aren't covering up something that would make them look
         | innocent I'll tell you that.
         | 
         | WRT policy, it doesn't matter where the leak actually occured.
         | We should treat both scenarios are likely and plan accordingly.
         | If the next leak does come from a lab, it's obvious the Chinese
         | will cover it up anyway.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | > If you say there's no evidence for something, what does
           | that mean?
           | 
           | Back in the 70's, when the Pentagon was concerned that the
           | Soviets were up to something, they would sometimes say in
           | response to a world event that "And we have no evidence that
           | the Soviets are behind this"-- as tongue in cheek "proof" of
           | how clever the Soviets were about hiding their tracks.
           | 
           | <edit> to expand-- this was a standing joke which was useful
           | for reducing workplace stress, not often a serious claim
           | </edit>
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | The fact that there is no evidence, is evidence. (China
         | suppressing all information about what was going on in the
         | lab.)
        
           | desindol wrote:
           | It's more akin to you being paranoid than anything else. It's
           | like myths, dragons and sea monsters came about. No, it was
           | our flagship it's unsinkable it must be the kraken!
        
         | roenxi wrote:
         | > On the other hand, many people would like it to be true,
         | because it feeds into a conspiracy narrative.
         | 
         | I think this is missing Occam's razor - many people believe it
         | because they've seen more evidence that it is true than the
         | reverse, but they aren't necessarily good at judging evidence.
         | 
         | It doesn't make much difference either way. Given the number of
         | people in the world, it seems likely we're going to see similar
         | waves of disease in the future. The Asia-Pacific region has
         | been on high alert for exactly this happening for 20 years,
         | this could easily be a 1 in 40 years pandemic or worse as the
         | world keeps getting smaller. And if it is even half plausibly a
         | lab leak then given where tech is up to it takes one lab
         | anywhere with bad safety standards - this is almost a level of
         | risk that is hitherto outside the human experience.
        
         | Loveaway wrote:
         | > People can't believe things like global, deadly viral
         | pandemics can occur naturally
         | 
         | Isn't that what most people believe? To me it seems people
         | can't just believe all of this was not a coincidence at all,
         | artificial hyped through oligopoly media, not even as deadly as
         | advertised, and just another bamboozle to keep everyone in
         | their hamster wheels.
        
         | narwal46 wrote:
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | > The main issue I have with the 'lab leak' theory is that I
         | haven't seen much evidence one way or another.
         | 
         | MY main issue is that we even have to consider it. We have
         | plenty of horrific diseases studied in labs that could (and do)
         | escape at times but are very much worth studying. Designing new
         | ones should not be a thing.
        
         | null_object wrote:
         | > If you click on the link in the thread, there's an editor's
         | note clarifying that this paper is being used to prop up dodgy
         | claims, for which there's no evidence.
         | 
         | Note that the addendum to the paper was added in March 2020,
         | when Peter Daszak and many others directly associated with the
         | Wuhan Institute were working covertly[0] to destroy any
         | rational or scientific debate about the origins of covid. The
         | Lancet letter was published on 7 March 2020.
         | 
         | [0] Daszak and many of the other co-signers to the Lancet
         | letter which "strongly condemned conspiracy theories" declared
         | no conflicts of interest.
        
           | initplus wrote:
           | Daszak acted unethically regardless of the actual truth of
           | the lab leak hypothesis.
           | 
           | His actions were a self serving attempt to muddy the waters
           | on investigation of the virus origin, and may have prevented
           | conclusive proof one way or the other from ever emerging. I
           | doubt Daszak himself knows for sure. But if there is a risk
           | that you are responsible, why not try cover it up anyway.
           | Just in case?
           | 
           | Same reasoning goes for the Chinese government.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Co-signing a letter is hardly _covertly_ doing something, isn
           | 't it?
        
             | null_object wrote:
             | > Co-signing a letter is hardly covertly doing something,
             | isn't it?
             | 
             | Daszak made strenuous efforts to hide:
             | 
             | * that he was the organizer and writer of the letter
             | 
             | * that he had direct and invidious connections to the Wuhan
             | Institute
             | 
             | * that the signatories to the letter had any connection to
             | EcoHealth Alliance or the Wuhan Institute
             | 
             | All of the above were later confirmed by emails obtained
             | via public record requests under the Freedom of Information
             | Act.
        
               | oasisbob wrote:
               | > Daszak made strenuous efforts to hide [...] that the
               | signatories to the letter had any connection to EcoHealth
               | Alliance or the Wuhan Institute
               | 
               | That's a strange thing to argue given that Peter Daszak's
               | position within EcoHealth Alliance is public and well-
               | known, and he signed the letter publicly.
               | 
               | His extended conflict statement isn't exactly a smoking
               | gun either:
               | 
               | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS014
               | 0-6...
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | I think it's important to set aside the question of weather
         | Covid was made in a lab. For the sake of argument let's say it
         | was not. There were proposals to do the kind of experimental
         | work that would have created a virus very much like Covid-19.
         | Those who wrote the proposal and shopped it around for funding
         | probably considered it relatively harmless to do, both in a
         | lab, and should it accidentally get out (it's just a corona
         | virus after all).
         | 
         | The fact remains that there are people out there who _want_ to
         | make stuff like that in a lab. That kind of  "work" needs to
         | stop.
         | 
         | Thats what I take away from Covid whether it came from a lab or
         | not, it very well _could have given what goes on in labs_. The
         | fact that a lab leak is highly plausible is the problem, not
         | the truth of it happening in this case.
        
           | niemandhier wrote:
           | > The fact remains that there are people out there who want
           | to make stuff like that in a lab. That kind of "work" needs
           | to stop.
           | 
           | No we need much more of such work. Why do you think we had a
           | vaccine so fast? We were able to create an Ebola vaccine
           | before?
        
             | isthisthingon99 wrote:
             | The reason was because the virus was sequenced and we have
             | technology that can supposedly create safe and effective
             | vaccines based on this.
        
           | isthisthingon99 wrote:
           | I like this idea.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | Yeah! exactly.
           | 
           | If by some weird accident of history the research wasn't the
           | actual cause of the virus-- it's just an accident. The
           | problem was that we setup a situation where if it wasn't
           | human originated, it's only a fluke.
        
         | zthrowaway wrote:
         | Couldn't a contributor to the lack of evidence be that the CCP
         | blocked a lot of discovery from being conducted, and didn't
         | release enough information? We're never going to know due to
         | that alone. Obviously the optics would be really bad if they
         | showed evidence that they leaked it accidentally.
         | 
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-china-blocked...
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | quadcore wrote:
         | _deleted_
        
           | CrazyStat wrote:
           | Please provide an example of such a case.
        
         | arisAlexis wrote:
         | Actually many people would like it to be false for personal
         | profit or just human mentality. It's another ballpark of
         | seriousness if that wasn't brought up by mother nature.
         | 
         | What kind of evidence do you need? This paper is full of
         | evidence that if you combine the probability of each event
         | happening, the probability that it was accidental is really
         | small. So the burden of probability should be to prove that it
         | wasn't leaked which isn't proven after 3 years.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | > for personal profit
           | 
           | it's not just personal profit, I mean if it's true how would
           | you react to it? Putting aside how it would affect research,
           | it also would make many people including such in power blame
           | China for it. Which would be a political nightmare not just
           | for China but also US, EU, etc.
           | 
           | So if any secret service has proof it was a leak you can be
           | sue they wait until there is a major conflict with China.
           | Like e.g. because China attacking Taiwan before the US/EU
           | become more independent of TSMC. Through at that point of
           | time there is also a lot of insensitive to just make up a
           | "proof". So the public probably will never know for sure.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | At what probability does the burden of proof shift?
        
             | arisAlexis wrote:
             | Although you can find a Bayesian answer for this which I am
             | not qualified to calculate, it's irrelevant. The most
             | pressing issue is not to dismiss it as _zero_ probability
             | as has been until know because it is viewed as a
             | conspiracy. Even if the probability is very small we _have
             | to_ dig in deeper to prevent the next catastrophe.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | > _Even if the probability is very small we have to dig
               | in deeper to prevent the next catastrophe._
               | 
               | There are very small chances of many catastrophes that we
               | happily ignore.
               | 
               | Among the less small ones, off the top of my head: a
               | large earthquake on the San Andreas fault and the
               | Yellowstone supervolcano erupting.
        
               | arisAlexis wrote:
               | Can we prevent a volcano erupting? No. Can we prevent a
               | lab leak? Yes. I wonder why people are soooo resistant to
               | this idea and make up a myriad bad arguments.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Because we get annoyed when people insinuate that
               | pointing out features of reality are evidence of a
               | conspiratorial cabal.
               | 
               | Can we prevent a lab leak? Not really insofar as humans
               | are less than perfect individuals.
               | 
               | Pretending we hadn't discovered atomic fission would have
               | been just as dangerous as ignoring biological threats.
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | An important question. For the sake of adjusting priors
             | here is a list of biosecurity incidents:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laboratory_biosecurit
             | y...
             | 
             | SARS itself leaked from the lab 4 times, once from a BSL-4
             | lab.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | * SARS*, including the original SARS virus (3 times, per
               | page) and SARS-CoV-2 (1 time, post-pandemic)
        
               | WithinReason wrote:
               | Actually I meant SARS-CoV-1 leaked 4 times, one of the
               | events listed was actually 2 separate ones 2 weeks apart
               | if you read the description.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | barnacled wrote:
         | There is now evidence firmly against lab leak and firmly in
         | favour of natural origins, covered in depth by a domain expert
         | here -
         | https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/15519378265808240...
         | 
         | I feel like this isn't publicised enough. The lab leakers are
         | louder and people definitely seem to want it to be true more
         | than natural origins and they are not being honest in their
         | attempts to dismiss these papers.
        
           | null_object wrote:
           | > There is now evidence firmly against lab leak and firmly in
           | favour of natural origins, covered in depth by a domain
           | expert here...
           | 
           | A counter:
           | 
           | https://ayjchan.medium.com/evidence-for-a-natural-origin-
           | of-...
           | 
           | As for Angie Rasmussen - she is hardly the dispassionate
           | scientist that you seem to want to portray her as, in your
           | post[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://disinformationchronicle.substack.com/p/a-toxic-
           | milie...
        
             | barnacled wrote:
             | The 'counter' is incredibly weak sauce and she's been
             | rebutted several times. Again, as I said, if you just
             | ignore rebuttals you can keep acting like you have a point.
             | 
             | The second post is a scurrilous and nasty smear job from a
             | thoroughly unpleasant individual and I'm quite appalled you
             | posted it. Shameful.
        
             | kgarten wrote:
             | Did you read the thread? The counter just takes the first
             | paper she cites into account ... Not the second:
             | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8337
             | 
             | Both of them are interesting reads. I find a natural cause
             | now more plausible after reading them.
             | 
             | Yet, of course nobody knows and we might not for a long
             | time (or never).
        
           | kgarten wrote:
           | why is this downvoted? this is an excellent thread with links
           | to a paper that seems to show strong evidence against the lab
           | leak ...
        
             | peyton wrote:
             | > there is insufficient evidence to define upstream events,
             | and exact circumstances remain obscure
             | 
             | From the paper.
        
               | kgarten wrote:
               | I was talking about the second paper she mentions in the
               | twitter thread:
               | 
               | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8337
        
           | ripper1138 wrote:
           | They aren't mutually exclusive though right? We can say the
           | initial outbreak was from the wet market. Does that mean the
           | virus itself is of 100% natural origin?
        
           | syndic8_xyz wrote:
           | What I saw is that it started in SW Indonesia, in a jungle
           | near the coast, in 2008. That was its first appearance:
           | covid-19 origin's
           | 
           | i see this coronavirus first originated in South West India
           | 
           | And first jumped to human in coastal Bengkulu/West Sumatra in
           | Indonesia
           | 
           | I'll try to get time on these events
           | 
           | end of 2008: origination in SW india near Mangalore
           | 
           | 1Q2013: first jumps to humans in BGK/WSU indonesia after an
           | animal outbreak on the coast in late 2012
           | 
           | first substantial human outbreak: Mid 2013 slightly inland
           | from outbreak location.
           | 
           | but of course there's no political capital to be made by
           | blaming these poor places ....
           | 
           | feel kind of sad to consider how much of the crazy blame game
           | is actually driven by knowledge, desire for truth and
           | competence, and how much of it is just driven by political
           | competition....i guess the motivation doesn't matter...the
           | result matters. the output is not about truth it's about
           | politics and narrative ... so sad....
        
           | johndfsgdgdfg wrote:
        
           | chrisan wrote:
           | Hope this gets more upvotes. Kind of dismaying the number of
           | people relying on tweets with no source(s).
           | 
           | Haven't we learned enough over these years of misinformation
           | and "fake news"?
           | 
           | TLDR the tweet string from the actual Dr of Virology:
           | evidence so far points to natural but more info is needed
        
             | barnacled wrote:
             | Ah I expected to get downvoted into oblivion, I know it's a
             | cliche to say it but HN isn't what it once was.
             | 
             | A key point to take away is that the fact there are 2
             | lineages means that lab leak is super unlikely. It would
             | require somebody from the lab to come to the same
             | relatively small market to give lineage A, then somebody
             | else who got infected through a totally different
             | evolutionary route at the lab to happen to come to the
             | market just after and both to not spread it anywhere else.
             | 
             | Of course lab leakers are working hard to try to deny this
             | or claim the data is wrong or yada yada. It's an ongoing
             | battle and they have several highly dedicated 'independent
             | scientists' (lol) working on it seemingly 24/7.
             | 
             | It's quite dispiriting to see.
        
               | null_object wrote:
               | > Of course lab leakers are working hard to try to deny
               | this or claim the data is wrong or yada yada. It's an
               | ongoing battle and they have several highly dedicated
               | 'independent scientists' (lol) working on it seemingly
               | 24/7.
               | 
               | I think the downvotes are because of this type of
               | statement, which suggests that people who have read the
               | papers, and thought about the conflicting evidence, and
               | finally come to a conclusion that differs from your
               | viewpoint, dislike the implication that they are simply
               | nutty conspiracy-theorists tirelessly and obsessively
               | working to undermine rational science.
        
               | barnacled wrote:
               | You do realise there are countless people who have 'read
               | the papers and thought about the conflicting evidence'
               | about climate change right?
               | 
               | The reality is unfortunately that these people ARE nutty
               | conspiracy theorists. They are not 'thinking about the
               | papers' and providing a reasonable push back, they're
               | reiterating long debunked points (did you read the thread
               | I posted?).
               | 
               | Ebright already claimed the papers were scientific fraud
               | until he thought better and deleted the tweet. This is
               | the kind of person you're dealing with.
               | 
               | I'm not going to both-sides something which now has very
               | clear evidence in one direction and not a shred of
               | evidence in the other, I'm sorry I'm just not.
               | 
               | Hacker news of old would be more open to that. Again,this
               | is why I no longer post here.
        
               | tripletao wrote:
               | The two lineages are literally just two SNPs apart. SARS-
               | CoV-2 averages ~1/3 of an SNP per human-to-human
               | transition, so ~1/9 of such transmissions generate "two
               | lineages" at least that different. So intuitively, it
               | seems easy to believe those lineages could have evolved
               | in just a few weeks of early cryptic (unsampled) human
               | spread.
               | 
               | Pekar et al. did some complicated modeling that purports
               | to establish that the MRCA in humans is so recent that
               | the two lineages must have arisen in animals, implying
               | two introductions into humans. I believe that's highly
               | suspect though, per my explanation and links at
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32740568
        
         | chmod600 wrote:
         | There is also no evidence that it came from animals directly.
         | 
         | Given that there are really only two plausible hypotheses, and
         | nondirect evidence of either, we have to speculate based on
         | circumstantial evidence.
         | 
         | And if one hypothesis is floated around the media, we need to
         | raise the other one as well.
         | 
         | I'll also point out that some people don't like to believe that
         | there can be global media conspiracies, even though there are
         | (cf. "masks don't work unless you're a trained medical
         | professional" propaganda at the beginning).
        
           | PurpleRamen wrote:
           | > I'll also point out that some people don't like to believe
           | that there can be global media conspiracies, even though
           | there are (cf. "masks don't work unless you're a trained
           | medical professional" propaganda at the beginning).
           | 
           | That's not a conspiracy, that's just common shared knowledge.
        
             | mejutoco wrote:
             | > "masks don't work unless you're a trained medical
             | professional"
             | 
             | Putting aside the phrasing, which I take to be something
             | like "unless you follow procedures and have new masks often
             | etc".
             | 
             | In the beginning this was the narrative because there was a
             | shortage of masks, or because of plain ignorance.
             | 
             | Masks are not perfect, but they were effective, which is
             | why they are still mandatory in some contexts.
             | 
             | If one can ignore the bizarre political associations that
             | formed in the US regarding masks, it is difficult to argue
             | that the effort of wearing a mask is not worth it. Even if,
             | as I said before, they are far from perfect.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | To my knowledge, to this day, there are still exactly
               | zero RCTs showing that masks were ever effective against
               | COVID, and at least two major RCTs whose results indicate
               | they are not very effective (there was no statistically
               | significant benefit to masking). If, after two years of a
               | world-wide pandemic, the best evidence we can put forth
               | are low-quality observational studies which explicitly
               | state they _cannot_ show causation, then maybe it 's time
               | to stop blindly repeating the mantra that masks are
               | effective.
               | 
               | https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n2729
        
               | aljungberg wrote:
               | The fact that we were strongly told no and then yes with
               | equal conviction is sufficient to demonstrate the point,
               | regardless of whether masks work. Whether intentionally
               | or not, media and governments can mislead in an in effect
               | coordinated fashion.
               | 
               | (Note there is a straw-man counterargument where one
               | might say "so they changed their mind as evidence
               | evolved, that's allowed". But the information was
               | presented as established and factual in both cases. We
               | have always been at war with Eastasia.)
        
               | ubertaco wrote:
               | >(Note there is a straw-man counterargument where one
               | might say "so they changed their mind as evidence
               | evolved, that's allowed". But the information was
               | presented as established and factual in both cases. We
               | have always been at war with Eastasia.)
               | 
               | My friend, if you expect immediate inerrancy from
               | everyone dealing with global-scale novel viruses, then I
               | think you'll find that you'll _always_ be disappointed
               | (or, more likely given your 1984 reference, you'll
               | _always_ be the "victim" of another imagined conspiracy).
               | 
               | I do hope your friends, family, and coworkers afford you
               | more space to learn, grow, and change (and that you
               | practice doing so!) than you afford to others.
        
               | aljungberg wrote:
               | It's fine to make mistakes, especially in a fluid,
               | developing situation. And it is precisely therefore we
               | shouldn't dress up our hypothesises as fact.
               | 
               | The actors here presented mask dictates as gospel. They
               | were either wrong when anti-mask or wrong when pro-mask,
               | but somehow conveyed absolute confidence in both cases.
               | This is very harmful for the public discourse and for the
               | reputation of the authorities during a time when
               | reputation was paramount.
               | 
               | It's okay not to know everything, just be honest about
               | it.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > My friend, if you expect immediate inerrancy from
               | everyone dealing with global-scale novel viruses
               | 
               | The point is that if they are not certain then _they
               | should make it clear they are not certain_. We were told
               | very confidently that masks didn 't work, that using them
               | was nothing more than superstition. We are now told
               | equally confidently that they do work. The establishment,
               | taken as a whole, is extremely, dangerously
               | overconfident.
        
               | kbelder wrote:
               | I don't think they were confident, but they thought they
               | needed to _pretend_ to be confident. Consider it the side
               | effect of presumably competent scientists spending too
               | much time with politicians and PR departments.
               | 
               | And that's why they ended up seeming like liars, and
               | can't be trusted.
        
               | hackerfromthefu wrote:
               | Well it's not just seeming - they actually were liars,
               | about the degree of confidence. As you said, too much
               | time with politicians and PR professional liars!
        
               | claytongulick wrote:
               | > My friend, if you expect immediate inerrancy from
               | everyone dealing with global-scale novel viruses, then I
               | think you'll find that you'll _always_ be disappointed
               | (or, more likely given your 1984 reference, you'll
               | _always_ be the "victim" of another imagined conspiracy).
               | 
               | When public policy is based on it, people are threatened
               | with jail, forceably removed from outdoor open-air
               | sporting events and denied basic services, yeah - you
               | sure as hell better not be wrong about it.
               | 
               | When people in the street yell at you and call you a
               | murderer for not wearing a mask outside in the sunshine
               | (this happened to me) - yeah, you don't get to go back
               | later and say "oops, my bad".
               | 
               | When the government exercises extraordinary emergency
               | powers by executive fiat without legislative support to
               | impose masking rules - they had better have damned good
               | science to back it up.
               | 
               | In this case, the science simply didn't exist.
               | 
               | It's a strawman argument to claim "numerous studies show
               | effectiveness of masking" as I've seen several people
               | argue in this discussion.
               | 
               | The only relevant studies are those that evaluate the
               | effectiveness of _universal masking_ , since that's what
               | the public policy dictated.
               | 
               | Universal masking policy was a knee-jerk response to some
               | early studies and models that over estimated the risk of
               | asymptomatic transmission. However, regardless of the new
               | science that demonstrated that asymptomatic transmission
               | was incredibly rare, the authorities refused to change
               | the guidance.
               | 
               | Where was the science that justified the arbitrary and
               | utterly performative rules put in place for restaurants?
               | (wear a mask to walk three meters from the front door to
               | the table, but it's ok to take it off when you're at the
               | table)
               | 
               | Or the painfully performative masking of news people, in
               | a studio by themselves, wearing a mask. Or wearing a mask
               | alone in a car. Or on a walk outside. Or on a video
               | conference for work.
               | 
               | Masks quickly stopped being about science very early on
               | and quickly became nothing more than a flag for showing
               | political alliance with the utter nonscientific nonsense
               | of cloth masks and the overnight development of "fashion
               | masks".
               | 
               | Forcing this on children was especially painful to watch.
               | Children, who will never follow proper masking protocols
               | and who are happy to trade their batman mask for their
               | friend's spiderman mask...
               | 
               | > do hope your friends, family, and coworkers afford you
               | more space to learn, grow, and change (and that you
               | practice doing so!) than you afford to others.
               | 
               | I do hope that this entire episode and the bumbling,
               | unscientific, incoherent and political face-saving
               | response from the government makes you take a second look
               | at blanket, authoritarian policy in the future.
               | 
               | Universal masking was the public health equivalent of the
               | TSA. Illusory safety at best, with very little
               | demonstrable effectiveness to justify the intrusion and
               | restrictions put in place.
        
               | gilbetron wrote:
               | Are you willfully trying to propagate this idea? It seems
               | like you must be, because there is a deluge of studies
               | showing the effectiveness of masks - and the nuance and
               | complexity of that statement. Throwing on a thin cloth
               | mask that doesn't seal well doesn't do much of anything.
               | Putting on an N95, well-fitted mask definitely helps
               | tremendously. That you think there are "exactly zero"
               | studies indicates you aren't even looking. Please look
               | and stop trying to sit in your echo chamber.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | Your response should be a comedic parody, yet, sadly, you
               | are actually being serious. It's a depressing reflection
               | on the state of the world.
               | 
               | I said there are zero RCTs, a type of study that can
               | establish causation, and you respond, "there are lots of
               | mask studies! You just aren't looking!" Your response
               | literally contradicts nothing that I said. I even linked
               | a BMJ-published opinion lamenting the fact that there are
               | a lot of mask studies, but they are mostly low-quality.
               | I'm going to guess you didn't bother reading it.
               | 
               | Not to mention that you tell me there is a deluge of
               | studies showing the effectiveness of masks, but you can't
               | even be bothered to cite one yourself. Lastly, you accuse
               | me of sitting in an echo chamber, an accusation that is
               | beyond baseless. What else would you be willing to accuse
               | me of without a shred of evidence?
               | 
               | Your response is just another example that people don't
               | follow the scientific method; they are driven by ideology
               | and tribalism.
        
               | gilbetron wrote:
               | First google hit, not difficult:
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02457-y
               | 
               | Again, you have an agenda that is at odds with reality,
               | please stop, it is literally hurting people.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | I guess it's possible you don't actually know the
               | difference, but what you linked isn't a research paper or
               | study; it's a news article! And it's factually incorrect.
               | It cites the Bangladesh RCT, which I am well aware of
               | already. The trial results showed little to no
               | statistically significant benefit to masking: https://www
               | .researchgate.net/publication/360320982_The_Bangl...
               | 
               | "A very large trial, whose results were published in
               | Science, carried out in Bangladesh between 2020 and 2021
               | has been widely acclaimed as providing the most
               | convincing evidence yet that masks work in reducing
               | Covid-19 transmission and infections. However, the media
               | grossly exaggerated the authors' own conclusions, and
               | sceptical researchers have identified weaknesses in
               | various aspects of the trial and statistical analysis
               | which cast doubts on the significance of the results."
               | 
               | Also: https://www.justfactsdaily.com/famed-bangladesh-
               | mask-study-e...
               | 
               | "However, their pre-analysis plan to measure results for
               | "each decade" of age ranges shows no statistically
               | significant effects among people aged 18-29, 30-39,
               | 40-49, and 70+. Furthermore, they excluded this breakdown
               | from their paper and relegated it to a supplement."
               | 
               | Also: https://stevekirsch.substack.com/p/bangladesh-
               | study-proves-m...
               | 
               | Also: https://www.acsh.org/news/2021/09/02/clinical-
               | trial-banglade...
               | 
               | Also: https://anthonycolpo.com/the-bangladesh-mask-study-
               | is-back-a...
               | 
               | "One especially illuminating finding, which would be
               | funny were it not a reflection of just how far science
               | has fallen, is that purple cloth masks showed no
               | advantage over going maskless, but red cloth masks did.
               | Red cloth masks, in fact, showed higher 'efficacy' than
               | surgical masks."
               | 
               | One of us two is at odds with reality. That may be true.
               | But here's a hint. It's not me. When you're done with
               | your baseless and tribalistic accusations of my "agenda",
               | maybe you can humble yourself enough to learn something
               | today.
        
               | nostrebored wrote:
               | Right, and fitted N95s are not safe for prolonged wear.
               | 
               | There are exactly zero RCTs that suggest that masks are
               | effective, the parent comment is correct. The single RCT
               | that claims effectiveness was on hamsters.
               | 
               | Completely missing from pro-mask discourse is potential
               | impact of large-scale masking on children. Developmental
               | delays are starting to pop up, and previous public health
               | advocates for masking are starting to turn course.
        
               | gilbetron wrote:
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02457-y
               | 
               | Your first two statements are just wrong, shockingly so
               | after over 2 years where you could have educated yourself
               | and decided not to.
               | 
               | Your last statement is definitely something we need to
               | look into, but I think the development delays are
               | probably minimal (speaking as a parent of a kid that wore
               | masks at a critical age), but I think the social
               | isolation was far more significant.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | "The study linked surgical masks with an 11% drop in
               | risk, compared with a 5% drop for cloth."
               | 
               | The cloth results were statistically insignificant,
               | meaning indistinguishable from noise. The surgical mask
               | results _barely_ passed the statistical significance
               | test, but lose that significance as soon as the data are
               | stratified by age.
               | 
               | On top of that, there have been numerous problems with
               | the study that call into questions even the incredibly
               | meager positive results it managed to show:
               | https://www.justfactsdaily.com/famed-bangladesh-mask-
               | study-e...
               | 
               | You are the one who needs to educate yourself.
        
               | mejutoco wrote:
               | I think it is difficult to do a RCT of Covid (many
               | different variants, vaccines, variability in symptoms),
               | but it is a very fair point. Thank you.
               | 
               | There are RCT for influenza and other diseases Sars (1):
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22280120/
               | 
               | https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014564118
               | 
               | While maybe we do not have the gold standard study, I
               | think it was the right decision, given how little
               | inconvenience masks have, for the much bigger benefit of
               | reducing Covid risks.
        
               | sjsdaiuasgdia wrote:
               | You do you, but I've enjoyed not even getting the
               | slightest cold for the last couple years that I might
               | just keep masking in a lot of public spaces for the
               | foreseeable future. It's anecdata for sure, but my
               | experience seems to suggest that masks can help protect
               | against airborne transmissible viral infections.
               | 
               | For more anecdata, pretty much everyone in my extended
               | contacts that has chosen to relax their masking posture
               | has gotten covid at some point since. Those that continue
               | stricter protocols get sick less, bet it colds covid or
               | flu.
               | 
               | I haven't heard about any surgeons giving up wearing
               | masks in the operating room. Wonder why...
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > I haven't heard about any surgeons giving up wearing
               | masks in the operating room. Wonder why...
               | 
               | Those masks are as much about blocking blood spurts from
               | the patient as they are about blocking spit from the
               | doctor. They're not meant for blocking airborne viruses
               | either way.
        
               | californical wrote:
               | I do wonder if there are long-term affects from
               | sheltering our immune systems for extended periods.
               | 
               | Now, I'm still in favor of wearing masks in some
               | particularly high-risk places. And absolutely supported
               | masks in the earlier days (until vaccines were readily
               | available & common).
               | 
               | But by not getting exposure to the regular tiny amounts
               | of bacteria and viruses that float around from other
               | people (our body deals with quickly and we never feel
               | sick), do we know anything about the long term affects of
               | that on the immune system? Genuinely curious because I
               | couldn't find anything.
               | 
               | We know it causes an increase in blood-CO2 concentration:
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8072811/
               | 
               | And possibly a decrease in white blood cell count:
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34585544/
               | 
               | But I don't think we know yet if there are long-term
               | immune system complications
        
               | ubertaco wrote:
               | > In the beginning this was the narrative because there
               | was a shortage of masks, or because of plain ignorance.
               | 
               | Maybe I missed something, but I don't remember ever
               | hearing "masks don't work unless you're a medical
               | professional" (outside of later revisionist accounts by
               | the right-wing "COVID isn't real and this is all a vast
               | conspiracy" crowd); I mostly remember hearing "initial
               | findings show that masks seem to be effective, but
               | supplies are so short that we should ensure that our
               | medical responders have access to them, so please don't
               | go out and panic-buy them like you've been doing with
               | toilet paper."
        
               | BWStearns wrote:
               | The more conspiracy minded started parsing "please don't
               | go out and panic-buy them like you've been doing with
               | toilet paper" as "you don't need masks" almost
               | immediately. It was dumb when it happened, it's still
               | dumb today. I'm sure at least one talking head said
               | something to that effect but that was not actually the
               | consensus message.
               | 
               | "Don't buy these masks unless you're a medical
               | professional" [?] "Masks don't work unless you're a
               | medical professional."
        
               | namose wrote:
               | Stop doing revisionist history. Fauci said directly that
               | masks don't work.
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-fauci-
               | outdated-...
               | 
               | It's fine to be wrong, that's what science is all about,
               | but at least admit it and explain the reasoning behind
               | the change.
        
               | hackerfromthefu wrote:
               | Yes, you missed a lot then.
        
               | namose wrote:
               | Fauci directly said masks don't work at the start of
               | covid
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-factcheck-fauci-
               | outdated-...
        
             | hackerlight wrote:
             | It isn't a conspiracy. Conspiracy implies planning and
             | plotting. That was just decentralized media figures
             | deciding to copy each other's opinions, because there's
             | safety in numbers and group think, and because dissent
             | sticks out and gets attacked.
        
               | heartbreak wrote:
               | You just described the early-Covid shutdown policy-making
               | too.
        
               | chaosite wrote:
               | Shutdowns weren't done by media figures, they were done
               | by policy-makers inside governments.
        
               | heartbreak wrote:
               | > That was just decentralized [governments] deciding to
               | copy each other's opinions, because there's safety in
               | numbers and group think, and because dissent sticks out
               | and gets attacked.
               | 
               | Sorry, I thought that substitution was implied.
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | And "consent" to shutdowns were manufactured by policy
               | makers inside governments paying media companies to
               | promote their policies. It was a concerted effort.
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | If you still think we have decentralized media figures
               | simply copying each other...when all your media companies
               | air the same advertisements from the same pharmaceutical
               | companies, it's no surprise that they would all take the
               | same opinions. Speaking for American media only. They
               | might not be conspiring with each other, but they are
               | certainly are taking orders from the same places.
               | 
               | This doesn't cover the other news epidemic we have of
               | state intel actors propping up media conglomerates as a
               | matter of foreign policy. Specifically in Ukraine, and
               | I'm only referencing this as it's probably the most
               | recent example- the US is currently offering grants to
               | organizations in Ukraine right now [0], this actually
               | doesn't seem very nefarious. It's been going on for quite
               | some time however. This article [1] goes into details
               | about various factchecking organizations that worked in
               | Ukraine to promote and minimalize the extreme sides of
               | far right orgs in Ukraine since before the Russian
               | invasion. StopFake is specifically called out, an
               | organization that was previously hosted by our very own
               | spokeswoman for the now defunct Ministry of Truth, Nina
               | Jankowicz. And we know Taiwan does it, via Epoch Times,
               | Russia does it with Russia Times, and various other state
               | actors use more sophisticated methods. Before I dropped
               | off most social media, it was obvious seeing Chinese
               | propaganda being pushed, oftentimes through New York
               | Times opinion pieces. Israel and China are probably two
               | of the more sophisticated state actors, up there with the
               | US intel agencies.
               | 
               | tldr: nothing is real, most media is carefully curated to
               | shape your opinions and culture, not to inform you.
               | 
               | [0] https://ua.usembassy.gov/education-culture/media-
               | development... [1] https://mronline.org/2022/08/08/most-
               | of-the-fact-checking-or...
        
               | hackerlight wrote:
               | > They might not be conspiring with each other, but they
               | are certainly are taking orders from the same places.
               | 
               | I don't see enough evidence for this claim.
               | 
               | The simpler explanation is that they're lazy (as most
               | humans are) and scared to dissent (as most humans are),
               | therefore they don't bother doing original work that
               | challenges the accepted wisdom and they copy each other.
               | 
               | I do have some evidence for this. Within hours of the
               | Amber Heard judgement came down, identical false claims
               | about the judgement were blasted across all major news
               | sites. I am rather confident that there was no nefarious
               | plot here, because the stakes were so low and didn't
               | involve powerful actors, and because non-US news outlets
               | parroted the same fake news. Is there some secret
               | clandestine organization doing this, coordinating with US
               | and non-US news sources, on a story of no political
               | significance? I saw the fake news get manufactured in
               | front of my eyes. What happened was there was a viral
               | tweet that created the fake claim, then one journalist
               | picked up on it, and then all the other journalists
               | copied that one journalist, because that's lower effort
               | and safer than doing a thorough job.
               | 
               | Occam's razor + hanlon's razor.
               | 
               | > This article [1] goes into details about various
               | factchecking organizations that worked in Ukraine to
               | promote and minimalize the extreme sides of far right
               | orgs in Ukraine since before the Russian invasion.
               | 
               | Lol, very few people are minimizing Azov or other far-
               | right groups in Ukraine. Everyone knows they're a huge
               | problem (albeit they are a problem that is caused by
               | Russia's invasion in 2014 - Ukraine, being much smaller,
               | doesn't have the luxury of picking and choosing who is
               | allowed to fight, given the imminent threat of further
               | invasion from a larger neighbor). They are mostly just
               | countering the Kremlin's propaganda that Ukraine is run
               | by drug-addicted banderites and that Azov, a fairly small
               | unit, is representative of the entire military and
               | political leadership. The Russian propaganda around this
               | was insane, helped along by treacherous US crypto
               | fascists, and so hypocritical given that neo-Nazi views
               | are more widely subscribed inside Russia than in Ukraine
               | according to Pew polling, and given that the head of
               | Wagner (whom Putin has shaken hands with) is an open neo-
               | nazi with SS tattoos on his neck, and given that Pushilin
               | has been seen awarding a medal to an open neo-nazi, and
               | given that Putin himself is a literal fascist compared to
               | the democratically elected Zelenskyy.
        
               | yonaguska wrote:
               | > Lol, very few people are minimizing Azov or other far-
               | right groups in Ukraine. Everyone knows they're a huge
               | problem
               | 
               | Your response to the USA spearheading propaganda efforts
               | to support far right neo-nazi's is- 1) they failed and 2)
               | russian nazi's are worse.
               | 
               | My problem is with the fact that the US did it at all,
               | whether we agree or disagree on the success of that
               | operation isn't part of my point.
               | 
               | As for media being driven by conspiring forces, I agree
               | that they are lazy and scared to dissent, but this
               | doesn't account for everything. I'm not going to take the
               | time to prove that right now. If you truly believe the
               | media organizations are benign, just lazy and
               | conformists, then I doubt I can change your mind anyways.
               | 
               | > albeit they are a problem that is caused by Russia's
               | invasion in 2014
               | 
               | Unrelated, they were an organization that existed long
               | before Russia's invasion, and they arguably played a
               | crucial role in ensuring that the peaceful Euromaiden
               | protests turned bloody. This goes back to CIA Operation
               | ANYFACE, and subsequent Western intervention during the
               | Cold War and after the fall of the USSR to combat Russian
               | influence.
               | 
               | https://www.voltairenet.org/article216406.html
               | https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/operation-anyface-
               | how...
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Why do we have to speculate? If both hypotheses are
           | plausible, should it make a significant difference for the
           | measures we take which one is actually true? If evidence
           | comes out showing which hypothesis is true, does it suddenly
           | make the other one retroactively less plausible? I mean, it
           | would be interesting to know what really happened, but it
           | doesn't change all that much.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | It does. Knowing what caused this should be important, so
             | it doesn't happen again.
             | 
             | If it happens naturally and randomly, there's nothing we
             | can do. If it was a lab leak, maybe some special
             | precautions should be taken, or such things should not be
             | done in labs with iffy security practices... or maybe even
             | not done at all.
             | 
             | Many workplace (and general) safety rules were written
             | because someone has died doing something (now considered)
             | against the rules. Killing a few millions of people and
             | stoping the planets economy for almost two years seems like
             | a terrible cost of some research gone bad.
        
               | AshamedCaptain wrote:
               | > Knowing what caused this should be important, so it
               | doesn't happen again
               | 
               | I really don't see that. If it is really true that both
               | options are indistinguishably plausible, then what do you
               | in response to this one event is absolutely meaningless.
               | The next event could as likely come from "the other
               | source", or from a new entirely one you don't even know
               | about.
               | 
               | Your only reasonable option _in any case_ is to just
               | strengthen your protection from both potential sources.
               | 
               | Suppose you are investigating a plane crash, and the
               | evidence points to a possible uncontained engine failure,
               | which apparently was caused by previously-undetected
               | metal fatigue. The evidence, however, also almost
               | entirely fits a bird strike. It doesn't really matter if
               | you eventually find it was a bird strike, or not. Your
               | engineers really think the metal fatigue could have
               | brought down the plane? You are going to increase metal
               | fatigue inspections, birds or not. And viceversa.
        
               | namose wrote:
               | Gain of function research can either be outlawed or not
               | outlawed. We don't get to try both because viruses are
               | global issues.
        
               | mellavora wrote:
               | > If it happens naturally and randomly, there's nothing
               | we can do.
               | 
               | Some people say the main progress of civilization is the
               | ability to do things about forces which were previously
               | seen as natural and random.
               | 
               | > If it was a lab leak, maybe some special precautions
               | should be taken,
               | 
               | Do you mean like making sure the labs follow certain
               | biohazard handling standards and procedures? Which they
               | currently have to do to maintain their
               | certifications/ratings?
               | 
               | We don't have to prove that covid was a lab leak to
               | review the procedures. Likewise, we don't have to prove
               | that covid was natural and random (I am glad you
               | separated those two, by the way) before reviewing how we
               | handle food safety and animal transportation measures.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | > Do you mean like making sure the labs follow certain
               | biohazard handling standards and procedures? Which they
               | currently have to do to maintain their
               | certifications/ratings?
               | 
               | Part of the lab leak claim is that the 2018 experiments
               | mentioned in the tweet were done in a BSL2 lab even
               | though they required BSL3 or 4.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | Nontheless, noting and acknowledging that a worldwide
               | pandemic was _actually_ caused from a lab leak would
               | certinaly drive stricter regulation and higher adherence
               | to procedures.
               | 
               | Conversely, a strong belief that it wasn't a lab leak
               | would, of course, reduce the pressure to implement
               | changes to safety protocols.
               | 
               | In theory everyone would react in a way which optimally
               | reduces risk, but in practice acknowledgement of an
               | incident drives significantly different behaviour.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | Right, but I believe that this bias created by knowing
               | the actual outcome for a single instance is much too
               | strong, and we should rather strive to reduce that bias.
               | In that light, the effort expended in continued
               | _speculation_ about the actual truth seems mostly wasted
               | and misdirected energy to me.
        
         | credit_guy wrote:
         | Here's some evidence: if you fart in an elevator, it stinks,
         | but if you fart outdoors, not so much.
         | 
         | Viruses, as opposed to farts, don't smell, but otherwise they
         | are similar. If someone coughs outdoors, the aerosols
         | containing the viral particles just spread around and soon
         | their concentration becomes negligible. If someone coughs, or
         | just breathes indoors, the aerosols spread, but if the space is
         | not very large, their concentration will stay elevated, enough
         | to infect other people.
         | 
         | With this preamble out of the way, what is the hypothetical
         | scenario where the pandemic starts in the market? Covid does
         | not spread from dead meat, it's an airborne disease. Was there
         | some live bat (or pangolin) that was sneezing in some enclosed
         | space, and some people acquired the virus there? A google
         | search shows links with evidence to the contrary ([1], [2]).
         | 
         | Here's and NY Times article [3] that's arguing for the non-lab-
         | leak origin, but you'll notice they are using misdirection
         | (e.g. "dozens of species that can carry pathogens that infect
         | humans" -> ok, this says nothing specific about Covid, but is
         | written to prime the reader to think Covid was among those
         | pathogens).
         | 
         | Overall, the simplest explanation is that one lab worker
         | acquired the disease from aerosols in the lab produced by the
         | lab mice infected with the virus. The worker then left the lab
         | and stopped here and there (home too) and left aerosols that
         | some other people inhaled. Whenever it was outdoors, the
         | aerosols did not cause infections, but sometimes when it was
         | indoors, they did. Is it possible that that person went to the
         | market nearby to have lunch or dinner and coughed or sneezed
         | while indoors, and some of the market workers, or co-diners got
         | infected? It does not sound outrageous.
         | 
         | You can envision tons of plausible scenarios with an initial
         | lab worker getting infected, but you need to get into contorted
         | scenarios to cook up a theory where some bats from a few
         | thousand kilometers away get transported to Wuhan and fail to
         | infect anyone on their way, then the disease explodes like a
         | bomb in Wohan, and then nobody is able to find evidence of
         | those live bats being sold in that market.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91470-2
         | 
         | [2] https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/wet-market-sources-
         | co...
         | 
         | [3] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/world/wuhan-animal-
         | market...
         | 
         | [4]
        
           | igouy wrote:
           | > Overall, the simplest explanation...
           | 
           | "New studies say Wuhan market is the only 'plausible' source
           | of COVID-19 pandemic"
           | 
           | https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2022-07-26/new-
           | studies...
           | 
           | "I was quite convinced of the lab leak myself until we dove
           | into this very carefully and looked at it much closer,"
           | Andersen said. "Actually, the data points to this particular
           | market."
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | > conspiracy narrative
         | 
         | implies people conspired to create a pandemic. Which detracts
         | from the first point of it being a lab-leak.
         | 
         | > what can be stated without evidence can be as easily
         | dismissed without evidence
         | 
         | So we should never develop a hypothesis? Given the lack of any
         | indicators lending support to any of the plausible hypotheses
         | put forward, I think its fair game to discuss the lab leak
         | version.
         | 
         | If you recall in the early days of the pandemic, the lab-leak
         | theory become a politically divisive one in the US, pitting
         | right against left for no good reason other than the fact that
         | the "other side" held an undesirable view. It was labeled as a
         | conspiracy theory, incorrectly. It is very simply, a theory,
         | and it should be discussed on par with any other theory.
        
         | parkingrift wrote:
         | There isn't enough evidence to convict, so to speak, but the
         | one place that could easily disprove the lab leak claim is the
         | same place desperately stonewalling and destroying evidence.
         | Acting guilty doesn't mean your guilty, but something nefarious
         | went on in that lab. To the point where they would rather fire
         | bomb the entire lab than answer questions or provide documents.
         | 
         | >On the other hand, many people would like it to be true,
         | because it feeds into a conspiracy narrative.
         | 
         | I wonder how many such people would exist if there wasn't such
         | a massive media and big tech push to silence anyone discussing
         | lab leak. At peak manipulation you were labeled a racist for
         | discussing lab leak and permanently banned from most (all?) big
         | tech platforms.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | I can't agree with this anymore. For some reason, this lab
           | isn't allowed to be inspected and investigated thoroughly. So
           | there is something wrong, likely, it's where COVID19 came
           | from or else, why not just allow an investigation team in to
           | remove all doubts.
        
             | RyEgswuCsn wrote:
             | Why would they? Would you allow your neighbours to search
             | your home and inspect your computer as soon as they claim
             | that you are a pedophile?
        
               | endominus wrote:
               | Probably not the comparison you want to make. If your
               | door blew open in a strong wind one day and a bunch of CP
               | flew out of it and around town, you probably wouldn't
               | have a choice, no matter how convincing your story of the
               | previous tenant being a sicko was.
        
               | RyEgswuCsn wrote:
               | If CP were to be compared to virus, then all households
               | would have some.
               | 
               | New virus emerge naturally all the time, the same cannot
               | be said for CP.
               | 
               | Also things can go wrong just due to bad luck. Someone's
               | home caught fire doesn't necessary mean they are
               | committing insurance fraud; majority of them will be
               | genuine accidents.
        
             | swalsh wrote:
             | Not allowing investigation is not necessary conspiracy to
             | cover up known evidence. It might just be an admission that
             | there is a nonzero chance there is evidence there... and if
             | the world finds that, there could be dire consequences if
             | people decide China should be held liable.
        
               | parkingrift wrote:
               | It's not just stonewalling an investigation. It's
               | outright destruction of files and documents so that an
               | investigation literally cannot happen. Wiping servers,
               | destroying emails, shredding files, burning samples.
               | These are things that don't necessarily implicate you in
               | guilt, but make you look guilty.
               | 
               | It's just kind of rich for people to grandstand and say
               | "there's no evidence to support this theory" when the
               | evidence that may support it has been systematically
               | destroyed. There is enough circumstantial evidence to
               | warrant a search, and if this lab situation had unfolded
               | in the US the lab would have been searched.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Doesn't even need to be that.
               | 
               |  _Glasnost_ is not standard policy in China and they have
               | very strong reasons not to change that for reasons which
               | have nothing to do with what did or didn 't happen in the
               | Wuhan lab. In the unlikely event the CCCP has complete
               | certainty about what happened which completely exonerates
               | the lab, they still wouldn't want to release anything
               | other than controlled media briefings. If you start
               | allowing international observers in every time you say
               | something wasn't your fault, people can draw some much
               | stronger inferences when you don't...
               | 
               | (Not to mention that there's little reason to believe the
               | higher reaches of the CCCP know the answer to the
               | question of whether there's any evidence any better than
               | the average person. They're not virologists, and if
               | evidence of lab malpractice exists the virologists aren't
               | exactly incentivised to incriminate themselves by sharing
               | it with them)
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | The problem is there are really only two contenders for Covid
         | origins: lab origin (I much prefer this label than "lab leak")
         | and zoonotic origin.
         | 
         | Zoonotic origin is the obvious choice. As a general rule,
         | nature is way better at evolving pathogens than humans are. The
         | problem with this theory is we haven't _yet_ found the wild
         | population from which Covid originated. Now this can take time,
         | sometimes years. But for SARS /MERS this was established
         | relatively quickly. The other problem is the bats widely
         | thought responsible were hundreds of miles away from Wuhan.
         | 
         | Since Covid has entered certain wild animal populations it's
         | possible we'll never know.
         | 
         | That leaves us with lab origin. Lack of evidence for anything
         | else is not positive proof for lab origin of course. But lab
         | origin hasn't been ruled out either.
         | 
         | There are lots of variations on lab origin theories. Deliberate
         | release, accidental release, naturally-occuring pathogen, gain-
         | of-function reserach, the authorities knew, the authorities
         | didn't know, etc. Given the asymptomatic nature of Covid I
         | personally think that if this is the origin, accidental release
         | is the most likely cause.
         | 
         | So what evidence supports this? The CCP's failure to cooperate
         | with WHO investigations is a big one. Right at the beginning,
         | WHO fell in too quickly with China's narrative too. Plus China
         | did punish the doctor who originally raised the alarm about a
         | novel coronavirus (who later died from Covid).
         | 
         | I personally think it's way more likely that China doesn't want
         | to know if it was lab origin rather than they're covering it
         | up. Like there's literally no upside to finding out. Every
         | level of the government doesn't want to know or be the one
         | responsible for screwing something up. It's a bit like the
         | Columbia space Shuttle disaster where it was suspected a foam
         | tile damaged the shuttle but using satellites to image the
         | shuttle met with internal NASA resistance. Part of that was
         | there was nothing they could do but also people just don't want
         | to know sometimes.
         | 
         | Another issue: the missing coronavirus database that China had
         | that was taken offline in late 2019. Weird timing. Again, no
         | proof of anything. Perhaps it's changed now but as of last year
         | this hasn't been examined by anyone in the West (like the WHO).
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | > But for SARS/MERS this was established relatively quickly
           | 
           | It wasn't for SARS though. It took 14 years to identify the
           | theoretical native reservoir in bats (ironically the result
           | of the bat coronavirus study programmes the lab-leak
           | hypothesis centres on) in a different province from the SARS
           | outbreak. Civets were identified early on as the probable
           | intermediate animal although the links with the Tanuki are
           | arguably stronger, and we don't know how, why or where the
           | interspecies crossover happened. So basically the same origin
           | debate, without any of the political intrigue.
           | 
           | If there was a popular theory that the SARS epidemic had
           | started as a result of a lab had collected bat coronaviruses,
           | manipulated them and leaked them, there would arguably be
           | less evidence against it
        
           | skipkey wrote:
           | For me, the primary evidence of lab origin has always been
           | statistical in nature. I have read that there are thousands
           | of wet markets across Asia. So when Covid shows up at one
           | near an institute studying similar viruses instead of one of
           | the thousands of other wet markets, Occam's razor says it
           | came from there. When we can't find source animals nearby
           | zoonotic origin requires a much more complex chain of events.
           | 
           | My assumption from close to the beginning has been that most
           | likely, some low-level employee at the institute considered
           | it a job perk to take animals he was supposed to have
           | euthanized and cremated and sell them to a vendor at a market
           | he had connections to for a few yuan.
           | 
           | Does this prove lab origin? No. But barring compelling
           | evidence otherwise it makes lab origin the most likely cause.
        
             | shusaku wrote:
             | The danger here is the birthday paradox. If it emerged at
             | some other wet market, we would be attaching significance
             | to some other city landmark to drive our alternate
             | hypothesis.
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | > many people would like it to be true, because it feeds into a
         | conspiracy narrative
         | 
         | And many people would like it to be false, because they don't
         | want a) public uproar about what sort of activites go on in
         | these labs, b) fear of losing money, c) embarrassment
         | 
         | We'll never truly know where it all came from.
        
         | chaosbolt wrote:
         | >Hitchens' razor applies- what can be stated without evidence
         | can be as easily dismissed without evidence
         | 
         | Say mr X was seen at the crime scene at 10 am, he also knew the
         | victim and lots of people have seen them fight a week ago, the
         | victim had just came out of the bank with 20k$ in cash in a
         | bag, mr X who's broke have been seen driving a car a month
         | after the crime worth 18k$.
         | 
         | There is no evidence mr X killed the victim, but he probably
         | did it.
         | 
         | Your argument removes probability, we have many coincidences
         | linked to the lab leak theory, we don't have a 100% evidence
         | that supports it, so we can assume it probably leaked from the
         | lab, maybe it didn't, and since we can't quantify it with
         | precision and a certain negligible error margin, we can use a
         | language where probably happened means >50% and maybe happened
         | means <50%.
         | 
         | A woman can safely assume her husband is cheating if she
         | catches him flirting with girls online, find a different long
         | hair on his coat everytime he travels for work, etc.
        
           | mortehu wrote:
           | I think you are using a definition of evidence normally
           | associated with criminal trials here, and not scientific
           | evidence.
        
             | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
             | Touche - and that m'lud is why even the best barristers
             | seldom get awarded the Nobel prize in any of the sciences.
        
             | hcrean wrote:
             | Are you saying that our justice system is un-scientific?
             | lol
        
             | Beltiras wrote:
             | Most journals require more evidence than what passes as
             | such in a court of law. On the say-so of a dog can amount
             | to evidence in some courts. Specifically talking about K9s
             | granting reasonable cause to search a vehicle or premises,
             | even if the science behind it is not supportive.
        
             | hackerNoose wrote:
             | This is more akin to a criminal case where science can be
             | used as evidence.
        
             | chaosbolt wrote:
             | Yeah sure I need to bring you mathematical irrefutable
             | proof that some event happened, but you can just call me a
             | conspiracy theorist or whatever new words go with it today:
             | racist, sexist, religious, bigot, homophobe, transphobe,
             | etc. with 0 evidence.
        
           | scotchmi_st wrote:
           | I don't know how the law works where you live, but in my
           | country, 'probably did it' isn't enough for a conviction.
           | Even then, this isn't some spurious made up court trial, and
           | the probabilities you're working with are easily inflated to
           | suit the narrative you want.
           | 
           | Conspiracy theorists will always say they have enough
           | evidence for their theory, of course.
        
             | lr1970 wrote:
             | > I don't know how the law works where you live, but in my
             | country, 'probably did it' isn't enough for a conviction.
             | Even then, this isn't some spurious made up court trial,
             | and the probabilities you're working with are easily
             | inflated to suit the narrative you want.
             | 
             | One should not apply standards of a criminal trial to
             | verification of a scientific hypothesis. The results can be
             | quite disastrous as the case of Giordano Bruno can attest
             | [0].
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordano_Bruno
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | There's a difference between "not enough for conviction"
             | (meaning, more investigation needed) and the whole system
             | (from authorities, mainsteam media to social network bans)
             | turning against anyone who even dares mention the lab leak
             | hypothesis.
        
             | zibby8 wrote:
             | Concepts like "innocent until proven guilty beyond a
             | reasonable doubt" are more about protecting people's
             | individual liberties than establishing a baseline about
             | whether or not to believe something.
        
               | jolux wrote:
               | That's not quite right -- they're establishing a baseline
               | to believe something worthy of depriving someone's
               | liberties over.
        
               | Fnoord wrote:
               | Individual liberty equalling counting for criminal law,
               | not civil law nor morals in effect in a society or
               | community. E.g. in a club in San Francisco you might be
               | checked before entry to prove you do not possess a knife
               | or gun. Whereas in a club on the beach near Rotterdam
               | anything goes. In the case someone gets stabbed or shot
               | in the club in San Francisco its unlikely they passed
               | security. Whereas in the Rotterdam example such boundary
               | does not exist.
        
             | Method-X wrote:
             | Ah yes, the weaponization of stigma. Want to shut down
             | critical thinking? Use words like kook, nut, conspiracy
             | theorist, racist, etc. You're basically gaslighting people.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | But in science at least you always should test against the
           | null hypothesis, and that is purposefully not done here like
           | in many other "conspiracy theories". Note I'm not saying that
           | the lab leak is necessarily a conspiracy theory or that it
           | can not be true, I'm simply talking about the way of arguing.
           | The way a lot of conspiracy arguments are being constructed
           | is that they take a number of events which seem relatively
           | improbable if regarded from general experience and then use
           | that as proof because "it's impossible for these events to
           | happen at the same time". However, looking in detail at the
           | number of events occurring events actually become very
           | probable (I mean there have been several instances of people
           | winning the lottery twice).
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | Replying to myself, seems like I went to the
             | 1password.community page, which somehow is the 1st search
             | result for me.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | > Say mr X was
           | 
           | The problem is that none of the circumstantial evidence for a
           | lab leak is remotely as convincing as your hypothetical.
           | 
           | And most of it tends to be spun. Read the linked thread and
           | note how many times the author throws out terms like "much
           | more likely to be lab-generated" without evidence. We don't
           | know any of that. We have very limited understanding of wild
           | pathogen evolution in general. Likewise the "1000 miles from
           | bat viruses" thing is spun. We don't know that either! We
           | just know what we measured, not what we didn't.
           | 
           | And you can spin it the other way, anyway: we know that the
           | presumptive covid ancestor was _at least as close_ as 1000
           | miles, on the same continent and within easy travel distance
           | of a migratory flying species. It 's true, that if the
           | closest relative was in Argentina, that getting it to Wuhan
           | would require a lot of weird argument. But from Yunnan? Seems
           | not unreasonable.
           | 
           | People continue to bang this hypothesis, and... it's not a
           | bad hypothesis really. But the reason consensus among experts
           | is behind natural evolution is that natural evolution remains
           | a _clearly better hypothesis_. I know that 's upsetting to
           | people who want to believe the lab theory for whatever
           | reason, but it is and remains the truth. Until someone finds
           | better evidence, the lab leak is going to remain a popular
           | conspiracy theory only.
        
             | wk_end wrote:
             | > Likewise the "1000 miles from bat viruses" thing is spun.
             | We don't know that either! We just know what we measured,
             | not what we didn't.
             | 
             | That's not "spun", that's science. You're positing a COVID
             | teapot that we have no evidence for. In a scientific
             | context, it's not spin to omit stating "based on all
             | available empirical evidence" after every assertion.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > In a scientific context, it's not spin to omit stating
               | "based on all available empirical evidence" after every
               | assertion.
               | 
               | No, that's a fallacy. If I find an apple on the ground at
               | the supermarket, it is evidence that there are apples at
               | the supermarket. It is _not_ evidence that there are no
               | apples at my friend 's home where I found no apples. I
               | just didn't check the refrigerator.
               | 
               | The linked thread says, precisely, "Wuhan--a city 1,000
               | miles from nearest wild bats with SARS-like
               | coronaviruses". And that is not correct.
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | Sorry, where are the unsampled bats within 1000km of
               | Wuhan?
               | 
               | This stuff has been sampled extensively.
               | 
               | Or are you merely stating it's _possible_ there 's a bat
               | cave no one's heard of that hasn't been sampled?
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > This stuff has been sampled extensively.
               | 
               | I don't think that's correct, for the simple reason that
               | if those papers existed the (sigh) pro-leak folks would
               | be linking them everywhere. Virology isn't exactly a
               | trillion dollar field, we're not going out and sequencing
               | every virus in every species. The Yunnan cave made news
               | and was well-studied because someone stumbled on a SARS-
               | related virus there, that says nothing about where that
               | virus went later.
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | > if those papers existed
               | 
               | Those papers don't exist for the simple reason that
               | "interesting" bats don't live there.
               | 
               | You might want to consider that while R H Ebright can be
               | offensive and distateful, he has been banging this drum
               | for 20 years and is generally very careful when he makes
               | a factual statement.
        
               | wk_end wrote:
               | If I were saying "bats in southern China with SARS-like
               | viruses are evidence that there are no bats closer to
               | Wuhan with SARS-like coronaviruses", I would be
               | committing the fallacy that you're accusing me of. But
               | that's not what I'm saying.
               | 
               | I'm saying that there's no evidence of any bats closer to
               | Wuhan with SARS-like coronaviruses. And I'm saying that,
               | while it's indeed possible that these hypothetical bats
               | exist - just as it's "possible" that COVID was
               | transmitted to Wuhan via a teapot halfway between here
               | and Mars; that COVID unicorns exist on an undiscovered
               | island somewhere and one sneezed particularly hard and
               | its germs ended up in Wuhan; or that COVID spontaneously
               | formed one day on the apples in your friend's
               | refrigerator in Wuhan - it's, again, not spin for a
               | scientist to refrain from couching everything in
               | uncertainty because of the infinite evidenceless
               | hypotheticals that might disprove it; this is how every
               | single positive statement in science functions. It is
               | indeed correct, scientifically speaking, that there are
               | no apples at your friend's home where you found no apples
               | [based on all available empirical evidence]. And it is
               | indeed correct, scientifically speaking, that Wuhan is
               | 1,000 miles away from the nearest wild bats with SARS-
               | like coronaviruses [based on all available empirical
               | evidence].
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > I'm saying that there's no evidence of any bats closer
               | to Wuhan with SARS-like coronaviruses
               | 
               | That's not all you're saying, though. You're
               | extrapolating from that fact to argue that bats closer to
               | Wuhan with SARS-like coronaviruses _are therefore
               | unlikely to be present_.[1] And no, that 's not correct.
               | Viruses span continent-wide gaps all the time, we don't
               | need any special evidence to cite that as a possibility.
               | 
               | [1] Or more specifically, that they're less likely to be
               | present than a man-made descendent. This is how you can
               | spot a poorly justified argument. You're skipping a step
               | and inserting an assumption in exactly the way you need
               | to address a hole in your argument. Again, I pointed out
               | upthread how I can spin exactly the same facts in the
               | opposite direction (IMHO more convincingly, though
               | logically no more sound).
        
               | wk_end wrote:
               | No, I'm not saying that. Please don't put words in my
               | mouth. I haven't said a single thing here about "a man-
               | made descendent", or whether those bats are "likely" to
               | be present or not. I haven't even said that I agree with
               | Ebright or believe in any kind of lab-leak scenario. All
               | I've said is that your accusation of "spin" - because
               | Ebright simply stated what all existing evidence points
               | to, that the closest candidate bats are 1000 miles away,
               | is the case without qualification - is based on a
               | misunderstanding of how science works. Until there is
               | evidence to the contrary - and there currently is not -
               | it is entirely normal, conventional, and scientific - and
               | not spin! - to state the facts as demonstrated by all the
               | available evidence as facts. In particular, when you say,
               | "we just know what we measured, not what we didn't" -
               | yes, that is science, not intellectual dishonesty.
               | 
               | That said, I'll bite: if there are bats with SARS-like
               | coronaviruses closer to Wuhan, I suspect that the folks
               | in Wuhan who've spent the past 15-20 years studying SARS-
               | like bat coronaviruses, "sampling thousands of horseshoe
               | bats in locations across China" [0], probably would have
               | discovered the ones right on their doorstep, more
               | probably than ones further afield. So sure, yes, I'd
               | wager they're not all that likely (though not
               | impossible)! But, again, that's neither here nor there to
               | my overall point, which is that your accusation of spin
               | on Ebright's part is unfounded and scientifically
               | illiterate.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Viro
               | logy#SA...
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | > Ebright simply stated what all existing evidence points
               | to, that the closest candidate bats are 1000 miles away
               | 
               | You added the word "candidate". I agree with what you
               | wrote. Your framing doesn't imply an incorrect
               | conclusion, though it also lacks any rhetorical punch
               | (probably the reason Ebright skipped it) since we don't
               | have any "candidate" leak evidence either. Good job.
        
             | lock-the-spock wrote:
             | You are confusing or conflating the lab-leak and lab-made
             | theories.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Then you'll need to educate me on the what you think
               | distinction is. The linked tweet thread asserts both:
               | that the virus was manufactured in the WIV and that it
               | leaked by accident. There are stronger (and even less
               | well grounded) ideas in the broader conspiracist
               | community asserting that it was the result of bioweapons
               | research, and sometimes even that it was deliberately
               | released. Ebright himself doesn't truck with any of that
               | nonsense.
        
               | pizza234 wrote:
               | Distinction:
               | 
               | - lab leak: researchers catch infected bat; at the
               | laboratory, bat bites researcher; researcher gets COVID
               | 
               | - lab made: researchers modify a virus, and produce SARS-
               | CoV-2; the latter escapes the laborary (in one way or
               | another)
               | 
               | The importance of the lab leak hypothesis is that it
               | doesn't need any conspiracy (a researcher being bitten is
               | nothing strange in itself), but still implies unsafe
               | practices and bad faith by the institutions involved.
        
           | CPLX wrote:
           | The things you describe are literally evidence.
        
       | cjbgkagh wrote:
       | If a real conflict starts over Taiwan those who oppose the lab-
       | leak theory will become the new 'deniers'; after all we've always
       | been at war with East Asia.
       | 
       | I get whiplash from watching how rapidly the public gets
       | jawboned. I've seen many people, even those close to me,
       | completely switch positions on 'strongly' held beliefs. Not only
       | do they not acknowledge the inherent contradictions but they seem
       | to have forgotten holding the original positions in the first
       | place. Those without memory are living in an ever changing
       | present, and those of us with memory are stuck with a past that
       | no longer exists.
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | Other than the second tweet in the thread (which source is
       | questionable, see edit below), no sources are provided. Does
       | anyone have a list of sources for the claims in the remaining
       | eight tweets?
       | 
       | It's a compelling list of "facts" but without sources and an
       | understanding of the science it's difficult to ascertain whether
       | this is a genuinely strong argument by a "blue check mark"
       | academic.
       | 
       | Edit:
       | 
       | This is the Nature editors note on the only sources provided:
       | 
       | "Editors' note, March 2020 We are aware that this story is being
       | used as the basis for unverified theories that the novel
       | coronavirus causing COVID-19 was engineered. There is no evidence
       | that this is true; scientists believe that an animal is the most
       | likely source of the coronavirus."
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | 'Lab-origin' and 'engineered' are not necessarily mutually
         | exclusive.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Did you mean "inclusive"? I'd assume the average covid
           | truther would think of lab-origin and engineered as causal if
           | not identical.
        
             | kazinator wrote:
             | A lab can accidentally leak a virus that was gathered from
             | the wild, such that all of that virus' attributes, like how
             | infectious it is and all that, are of natural origin.
        
         | zeven7 wrote:
         | I find a note added by Nature's editors in _March 2020_ to be
         | the least trustworthy part.
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | Why?
        
           | WithinReason wrote:
           | You mean it makes the lab leak hypothesis less trustworthy
           | through appeal to authority, or it makes Nature less
           | trustworthy because they made the comment instead of letting
           | the reader make up their own minds based on the paper only?
        
             | PraetorianGourd wrote:
             | I think it is most likely because the note is almost 3
             | years old. A lot has changed in our understanding of the
             | virus. But much like most opinions regarding COVID, new
             | data can't seem to dislodge our first takes.
        
         | johndfsgdgdfg wrote:
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | >There is no evidence that this is true; scientists believe
         | that an animal is the most likely source of the coronavirus.
         | 
         | Well, 2 things:
         | 
         | 1. An animal could be the source of the virus which could be
         | leaked from a lab. Even with the lab leak hypothesis an animal
         | is part of the chain, just not the last step.
         | 
         | 2. There is also no evidence that the epidemic had no lab
         | involvement. COVID was never found in any animal from the
         | Huanan market.
        
           | oasisbob wrote:
           | > 2. There is also no evidence that the epidemic had no lab
           | involvement
           | 
           | The timing of the A and B lineages spreading at the same time
           | strongly indicates multiple spillover events.
        
           | igouy wrote:
           | > ... no evidence that the epidemic had no lab involvement...
           | 
           | "So you simply cannot prove general claims that are negative
           | claims -- one cannot prove that ghosts do not exist; one
           | cannot prove that leprechauns too do not exist. One simply
           | cannot prove a negative and general claim."
           | 
           | https://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/phil_of_re.
           | ...
           | 
           | What would you accept as evidence of "no lab involvement"?
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | > What would you accept as evidence of "no lab
             | involvement"?
             | 
             | Read the last sentence.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | I recommend reading the Office of the Director of National
         | Intelligence unclassified summary of the assessment on COVID-19
         | origins. It's over a year old but the analysis hasn't changed
         | much and they do explain how they reached their conclusions.
         | Some sort of lab origin is possible but unproven (and I doubt
         | we'll ever know for sure).
         | 
         | https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/reports-publications/...
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | If you ever take something intelligence says seriously that
           | isn't independently verifiable, you're getting your crank
           | yanked. They are professional liars and manipulators.
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | I which they didn't start with 1).
       | 
       | Because there is "a" wild life market in Wuhan which does sell
       | wild bats from far away (and many other animals which can
       | get/transmit covid).
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | Favorite theory links the two. Animals infected in lab were
         | supposed to be disposed of, but instead sold at the market. It
         | isn't necessarily that far-fetched: if you are tasked with
         | incinerating a rare animal that you know is going for cash in
         | the nearby market, there is temptation to sell it instead of
         | destroying.
        
       | michelledepeil wrote:
       | A lot of the tweet mirrors what is described in more detail, and
       | better sources, by Alina Chan in Viral, Search for the Origin of
       | Covid-19. In my opinion a book worth reading, as it doesn't try
       | too hard to point a finger but raises enough circumstantial
       | arguments to support _anything other than a natural origin_ for
       | Covid-19. Either way, CCP has caused enough damage (in my
       | opinion, again) to never be trustworthy again.
       | 
       | Somewhere else in this thread, her medium is linked, and indeed
       | she also writes clear and rational reviews of more recent
       | literature.
       | 
       | https://ayjchan.medium.com/
        
       | goblin89 wrote:
       | It appears reasonable to assign COVID lab leak hypothesis a
       | higher prior, in Bayesian terms, just based on the many
       | institutions/individuals whose image/status would it directly or
       | indirectly damage if found true (NIH, DARPA, the US, WIV, CCP),
       | and which therefore would be compelled to paint it as unlikely.
        
         | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
         | Along the same line of thinking, the fact that although the lab
         | leak hypothesis is very reasonable, it was branded as a
         | conspiracy theory and a big effort was made to suppress it,
         | makes it seem more likely.
         | 
         | Also the principle of adverse interference. China
         | destroyed/made unavailable a lot of documents. It is reasonable
         | to infer that the destroyed documents had evidence of a lab
         | leak.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | jtc331 wrote:
         | I think the better argument isn't so much about status: it
         | should have a higher prior because the institutions denying it
         | as a possibility were the very ones funding the _category_ of
         | research that could plausibly result in such an incident.
         | 
         | This is the same kind of issue as why it's important to
         | separate the regulator from the regulated.
        
         | FullStackAda wrote:
         | I am not sure this is a reasonable assignment of priors. The
         | existence of people who could be blamed is not an argument
         | towards the crime happened.
        
           | goblin89 wrote:
           | > The existence of people who could be blamed is not an
           | argument towards the crime happened
           | 
           | I support neither treating an accidental leak (if it
           | occurred) as a crime, nor blaming any individual for it.
           | 
           | That aside, the key is not quite "existence of people who
           | could be blamed" but "existence of people who stand to (or
           | think they stand to) lose a lot in terms of
           | image/power/funding and have a certain degree of influence
           | over the outcome".
           | 
           | (Before you ask why am I not blaming Bill Gates for this
           | pandemic then, there are of course other considerations that
           | go into weighing priors. Using only this factor alone makes
           | it indistinguishable from conspiracy theorising.)
        
         | Mordisquitos wrote:
         | That is not a valid reason for a higher Bayesian prior of the
         | lab leak hypothesis. A prior is that, a prior: the fact that
         | many institutions would see their reputation damaged in the
         | event of a known lab leak has no effect on making a lab leak
         | event more likely to happen _a priori_.
         | 
         | In fact, it would make much more sense to argue the opposite
         | (not that I would necessarily agree with this reasoning
         | either). The fact that so many institutions would see their
         | reputation damaged if a lab leak was known to have happened
         | makes it _less likely_ for the virus having originated from a
         | lab leak _a priori_ , as said institutions would put in place
         | strong measures to avoid it.
         | 
         | On the Bayesian level though, what _can_ make sense would be to
         | argue that the fact that so many institutions would be damaged
         | _post hoc_ if a lab leak were to be known, then the weight of
         | evidence against the event which has been provided by such
         | institutions should be lower.
        
           | goblin89 wrote:
           | > On the Bayesian level though, what can make sense would be
           | to argue that the fact that so many institutions would be
           | damaged post hoc if a lab leak were to be known, then the
           | weight of evidence against the event which has been provided
           | by such institutions should be lower.
           | 
           | Wouldn't weighing evidence play a key role in assessing
           | relative likelihoods of two possible causes of an event that
           | had already occurred?
           | 
           | Especially since any remaining evidence is not conclusive.
           | (As it happens, there appears to be evidence of some of the
           | parties involved acting in ways that prevent further evidence
           | gathering, too.)
        
             | Mordisquitos wrote:
             | > Wouldn't weighing evidence play a key role in assessing
             | relative likelihoods of two possible causes of an event
             | that had already occurred?
             | 
             | Absolutely, yes. However, it would _not_ affect the priors.
        
           | mring33621 wrote:
           | "as said institutions would put in place strong measures to
           | avoid it"
           | 
           | I was going to joke, but this is NOT TRUE AT ALL
           | 
           | Based on my life experience, a more correct idea is, "as said
           | institutions would put in place strong measures to avoid
           | appearing to have caused it"
           | 
           | This tilts the argument back the other way.
           | 
           | Look, I don't know about lab vs natural origins of COVID-19,
           | but I do know that big, human orgs tend to have more CYA
           | theater than actual preventative measures in place.
        
             | Mordisquitos wrote:
             | Hence why I explicitly clarified _" not that I would
             | necessarily agree with this reasoning either"_. Whether the
             | premise is correct or not, the argument that it would
             | reduce the prior _were the premise to be true_ is correct.
             | That would not be the case in the initial suggestion, i.e.
             | that the fact that these institutions would lose prestige
             | would somehow increase the base chances of the event
             | happening.
             | 
             | Regarding your own interpretation of the argument, i.e.
             | that large human organisations are more likely to have
             | ineffectual preventative measures, therefore increasing the
             | prior probability of a lab leak, that would technically be
             | a valid argument. However, in this case in particular,
             | assuming that premise raises the question _" Compared to
             | what?"_. It's not like there is a cottage industry of
             | artisanal HS4 laboratories that we can say are better at
             | following safety requirements than large ones.
             | 
             | I myself have no strong opinion either way regarding the
             | lab-leak vs. natural origin hypotheses. In fact, a while
             | ago I thought of a "consensus" hypothesis, which is that
             | the origin was accidental human infection during sample
             | collection in caves. However, this possibility would fit
             | better with a purely wild-type virus, and thus would not be
             | consistent with the sequence oddities explained in the
             | linked Twitter thread.
        
         | gausswho wrote:
         | Conversely, when I read advocacy that speculates motive in this
         | way, I note the absence of deductive reason.
        
         | jongjong wrote:
         | The evidence certainly seems to point in that direction and the
         | absence of an official conclusion seems to support this... It
         | should be easy to rule out the leak hypothesis. The fact that
         | those who are implicated appear to be unable to clear their
         | names by providing counter-evidence suggests foul play.
        
         | ChrisLomont wrote:
         | Changing a _prior_ after the fact is the opposite of
         | reasonable.
         | 
         | It's called a _prior_ for a reason.
        
           | goblin89 wrote:
           | Is it a misapplication of the term "prior likelihood" if it's
           | used to mean "prior likelihood of a given explanation for a
           | _past_ event turning out to be accurate _later_ "?
        
             | ChrisLomont wrote:
             | Yes, that is still a misapplication.
             | 
             | A perfect coin has a 50/50 chance for heads. That is a
             | prior. Getting 10 heads in a row does not change that
             | prior. Getting 1 billion heads in a row does not change
             | that prior.
             | 
             | Unlikely outcomes don't change the prior. The prior is the
             | probability distribution of beliefs before evidence is
             | taken into account.
        
               | goblin89 wrote:
               | I agree if we're considering the prior probability of lab
               | leak vs. spillover, where priors can be informed by e.g.
               | laboratory biosecurity track record and such.
               | 
               | However, what about the prior probability of a good-faith
               | statement in presence of a strong conflict of interest?
               | Having no ability to directly verify the truth, wouldn't
               | you require stronger evidence if you were to rely on that
               | statement in your decision-making?
        
               | ChrisLomont wrote:
               | >what about the prior probability of a good-faith
               | statement in presence of a strong conflict of interest?
               | 
               | The definition of your prior would incorporate that.
               | 
               | >Having no ability to directly verify the truth, wouldn't
               | you require stronger evidence if you were to rely on that
               | statement in your decision-making?
               | 
               | That is exactly the purpose of priors and Bayesian belief
               | systems. If you could verify any truth, you'd not need a
               | prior or Bayesian probability concepts for that.
               | 
               | In none of these cases do you change the prior after some
               | evidence is obtained, You'd use the prior and Bayesian
               | update to make a new belief, which is then the prior for
               | making decisions as future evidence is obtained.
               | 
               | Retroactively changing the prior is demonstrably bad at
               | reaching the proper conclusions over time. E.T. Jaynes
               | "Probability Theory" [1] has detailed proofs of all of
               | this, covered in the first few chapters.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/probability-
               | theory/9CA0...
        
               | goblin89 wrote:
               | Say we are weighing the probability of the lab leak
               | hypothesis being correct. Incoming evidence suggests a
               | lab leak is hurtful to a wider array of institutions and
               | individuals than assumed originally. We use this new
               | evidence, along with previous beliefs on how likely lab
               | leak would be in the first place based on priors like
               | biosafety violation and spillover history and statements
               | made by the above-mentioned individuals and institutions
               | (considered authoritative, but now found possibly in
               | conflict of interest), to form a new belief which we then
               | use as a new prior when assessing how likely it is that
               | the lab leak hypothesis is correct. End result: lab leak
               | hypothesis being correct is assigned a lower prior
               | likelihood and will require stronger evidence. Do we
               | disagree on substance?
        
         | Garlef wrote:
         | This seems to be a fallacy as it can be applied to anything.
         | 
         | Here's an example illustrating how bad of an argument that is:
         | 
         | It appears to be reasonable to assign the "your mother is a
         | [insert derogatory term]" hypothesis a higher prior, in
         | Bayesian terms, just based on the many familiy members whose
         | image/status would it directly or indirectly damage if found
         | true (your dad, your uncle, your sister, your grandparents),
         | and which therefore would be compelled to paint it as unlikely.
        
           | dxuh wrote:
           | I fully agree with your point, but I think the example is a
           | bit aggressive towards OP. I'm sure you got a good chuckle of
           | out of this, but I think it would have been better to give an
           | example that did not seem like an attack. For example the
           | earth being flat, the moon landing being fake or something
           | like that.
        
             | Garlef wrote:
             | Agreed. Also, I'm not happy that I used and reproduced
             | negative connotations about prostitution (that are deeply
             | rooted in patriarchical control of female sexuality and
             | reproduction).
             | 
             | But I choose to keep this non-insult since it has a very
             | strong impact in just a few words due to the high cognitive
             | dissonance it causes. (Partly responsible for the chuckle
             | you mentioned).
             | 
             | The earth being flat is not a good substitute btw since
             | it's also in the topos of conspiracy theories thus reducing
             | the cognitive dissonance.
             | 
             | But I'd be happy for other suggestions.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | "a mass murderer" would work well
        
           | goblin89 wrote:
           | Your analogy is harmful to the topic under discussion: its
           | key assumptions (such as comparing the governments of US and
           | China to my family in terms of power and influence) render it
           | inapplicable.
           | 
           | > It appears to be reasonable to assign the "your mother is a
           | [insert derogatory term]" hypothesis a higher prior, in
           | Bayesian terms, just based on the many familiy members whose
           | image/status would it directly or indirectly damage if found
           | true (your dad, your uncle, your sister, your grandparents),
           | and which therefore would be compelled to paint it as
           | unlikely.
           | 
           | If something major happened that made it a difficult binary
           | choice between either that and <insert an alternative>, then
           | certainly it would be reasonable to assign appropriate priors
           | if you were forming your opinion exclusively by interviewing
           | my relatives. (On the other hand, if my family members or
           | relatives were in positions of significant
           | power/esteem/status that they stood to lose if what you say
           | were true, had significant social influence and a degree of
           | control over mass media, then reweighing priors in such
           | fashion would be advisable regardless of your source.)
        
             | Garlef wrote:
             | > comparing the governments of US and China to my family
             | 
             | Hi there. My intention was not to make this about your
             | literal family. The "your" was intended to refer to a
             | general addressee. Sry for that.
        
       | CraigJPerry wrote:
       | I don't go looking for covid discussions but they arrive in my
       | feeds so i'm conscious i'm seeing a feed that someone(s) else
       | curated for me and wanted me to view. That said...
       | 
       | Is there any popular discussion or action regarding mitigation of
       | both lab and natural origins for future?
       | 
       | It seems that both avenues are possible. If we know both are
       | possible, that seems like enough knowledge to move forward with
       | exploring possible mitigations for future.
       | 
       | I realise there may be hard reasons why no mitigation is
       | possible, but i just never encounter popular discussion of what
       | to do next.
        
         | chasil wrote:
         | The first obvious corrective action would be to prohibit gain
         | of function research in level-2 labs.
         | 
         | The second would be to prohibit gain of function research in
         | general, especially with funds emerging from a country that has
         | implemented such restrictions as the United States did.
        
         | jtc331 wrote:
         | There's a natural fork in the road here which is why this is so
         | contentious. The best argument gain of function proponents have
         | for their research (besides weaponization of course) is to
         | create the next big thing in a lab first so that we can figure
         | out how to neutralize it. The argument the anti-GoF advocates
         | have is that creating the next big thing in a lab leads
         | eventually/inevitably to at least one of them getting out.
         | 
         | The responses are effectively inherently opposite hence strong
         | disagreement.
        
           | defen wrote:
           | > The best argument gain of function proponents have for
           | their research (besides weaponization of course) is to create
           | the next big thing in a lab first so that we can figure out
           | how to neutralize it
           | 
           | Did that actually help in this case? Or are gain-of-function
           | advocates the science equivalent of employees who want to
           | rewrite your webapp in the language _du jour_? They say it 's
           | for the benefit of the company (humanity) but really what
           | they want is to play with cool toys and get promotions.
        
             | creato wrote:
             | I don't understand how this argument has any traction at
             | all. My understanding is we had the COVID vaccines
             | formulated within weeks of the initial outbreak. The
             | problem is, it then took many months of large scale
             | testing, and then scaling production to make the vaccine
             | readily available. In the meantime, the virus spread across
             | the globe and mutated into forms that the vaccine isn't
             | very effective against. Treatments seem to be in a similar
             | position as well. How are you going to test a treatment for
             | a virus that only exists in a lab, and is safely contained?
        
           | pyinstallwoes wrote:
           | Nuke Game Theory all over again, with AGI to add too!
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | IMHO it's not the same, very different nonce and factors of
             | control leading to quite different dynamics
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | The fundamental difference with nuclear theory is that
             | nukes don't self-assemble more nukes.
             | 
             | The exponential replication of biological pandemics means
             | there are very different optima.
             | 
             | Whether that's in favor of GoF or anti-GoF, I can't say.
             | It's a tradeoff between {increased risk of pandemic & more
             | prepared for pandemic} vs {decreased risk of pandemic &
             | less prepared for pandemic}.
             | 
             | A sane response probably means we should build two neutral,
             | BSL-4 (+) labs and require by UN treaty that all GoF
             | research take place there, outlawed in the rest of the
             | world, with verification inspection of labs.
             | 
             | Of course, you'd be prying power out of the hands of the
             | US/Russia/China, so there'd have to be a pretty big bone to
             | get them to bite.
             | 
             | Which would probably look like complete autonomy and
             | confidentiality within the lab, in their respective areas.
             | With strict perimeter and time-quarantine -based controls.
        
               | jtc331 wrote:
               | > The fundamental difference with nuclear theory is that
               | nukes don't self-assemble more nukes.
               | 
               | It's worse than that: nukes don't learn to become even
               | more powerful nukes while being used.
               | 
               | > BSL-4 (+) labs
               | 
               | One of the issues is that effective safety in labs is
               | virtually impossible in reality (lab leaks that are
               | effectively non-material events are relatively high
               | frequency even from the best labs).
        
               | danenania wrote:
               | Is there any concrete evidence that gain-of-function
               | research actually increases preparedness for pandemics?
               | It seems like the benefits are all still very
               | hypothetical? Considering it would need to _prevent_ a
               | massive pandemic just to break even at this point,
               | perhaps it 's time to throw in the towel.
        
               | telchar wrote:
               | That's the fundamental difference from the anti-GOF side.
               | The fundamental difference from the pro-GOF side is that
               | understanding exactly how a nuke works gets you no closer
               | to being able to protect a population from nukes because
               | there is no such thing as a nuke vaccine.
               | 
               | Your suggestion seems like a likely workable compromise
               | if one of those labs is primarily in the US/Euro sphere
               | and the other is primarily in the Russia/China sphere,
               | with enforced transparency.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Yeah, I pontificated about physical location for a while
               | and... wow, that'd be a difficult set of negotiations.
               | 
               | Probably Switzerland, because, hey, Swiss and history.
               | 
               | Other than that, it's almost have to be as neutral /
               | third-party of a state as you could find.
               | 
               | Maybe New Zealand or one of the small island nations
               | that's willing to declare neutrality in exchange for
               | hosting?
               | 
               | Islands and caves are hard to argue against.
        
         | troon-lover wrote:
        
       | zibby8 wrote:
       | For those looking for more information / sources for these
       | tweets, this Vanity Fair article provides a lot of background
       | information on the circumstantial evidence implicating the WIV
       | and EcoHealth Alliance as the source of the lab leak:
       | https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/03/the-virus-hunting-no...
        
       | oxff wrote:
       | I mean guys, it supposedly started next to a lab that studies the
       | virus and they've yet to find the original bat population
       | spreading it. If I made a Contagion 2 film that asked you to
       | suspend your disbelief wrt. these two facts you wouldn't buy it.
        
         | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
         | It started at a wet market on the other side of the city.
         | That's been very solidly established now.
         | 
         | The early cases were very heavily concentrated around the wet
         | market, but not around the lab, which is more than 10 km
         | away.[0]
         | 
         | > a lab that studies the virus
         | 
         | The lab did not study SARS-CoV-2. It studied viruses that are
         | about 20% different from SARS-CoV-2. We know what viruses they
         | were working with, because they publish papers, go to
         | scientific conferences, etc.
         | 
         | > they've yet to find the original bat population spreading it
         | 
         | It took about 10 years to find the bat population that the
         | original SARS came from. In the last two years, researchers
         | have gotten closer to the origin of SARS-CoV-2, which appears
         | to be somewhere in southwest China or northern Laos.
         | 
         | 0. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
        
           | JetSetWilly wrote:
           | > It started at a wet market on the other side of the city.
           | That's been very solidly established now.
           | 
           | That's simply not true at all, whatsoever. See for example
           | this paper sequencing early samples of the virus: https://aca
           | demic.oup.com/mbe/article/38/12/5211/6353034?logi...
           | 
           | The "wet market" samples are _less similar_ to closely
           | related bat strains than other early samples which are
           | unrelated to the market.
           | 
           | The market is close to a major hospital. If the virus was
           | circulating, it is unsurprising that a super spreader event
           | would occur there. But saying that the market is the point of
           | origin, and this this is "very solidly established" simply
           | flies in the face of known facts.
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | Your information is out of date. The paper I linked to
             | shows that both early strains of the virus were present at
             | the Huanan market. That is already very strong evidence
             | that the market was the origin point of the original
             | outbreak in Wuhan, and not merely a superspreader event.
             | 
             | We now know that early cases were centered on the market,
             | that both strains were present in the market, and that the
             | types of wild animals that caused the original SARS
             | outbreak in 2002 were being sold at the market.
        
               | initplus wrote:
               | The market is still involved lab leak hypothesis or not.
               | The market may still be the place where the earliest
               | animal-human crossover occurred, even if the lab leak
               | hypothesis is correct.
               | 
               | Say a group of animals intended to be euthanized were
               | actually clandestinely sold at the market, it's
               | completely reasonable that the virus could have mutated
               | at the lab in the animal population before being
               | transmitted to humans. In fact, this is literally exactly
               | what occurs during gain of function research, when
               | scientists are explicitly trying to get a virus to mutate
               | in live animals.
               | 
               | There is simply not any hard evidence to concretely prove
               | either hypothesis. Any evidence that points to the market
               | can just as easily be involved in a lab leak scenario.
               | 
               | When you have no comprehensive data on transmission, and
               | no audit trail of how the animals arrived at the market,
               | it's not possible to determine origin from super
               | spreader. The evidence for both would look identical!
        
           | undecisive wrote:
           | I'd recommend being a little more strict with your language
           | if you want to convince anyone here.
           | 
           | "It started"..."solidly established" - that's enough
           | inaccuracy for most HN people to ignore the whole of your
           | post.
           | 
           | Compare that with the context and abstract of the paper
           | you've cited: "the earliest human cases", "circumstantial
           | evidence", "earliest known COVID-19 cases", "spatially
           | associated with vendors", "insufficient evidence to define
           | upstream events"
           | 
           | At this point, it is all opinion vs opinion based on
           | circumstantial evidence or the lack thereof - and claiming
           | anything else is either a) Faith or b) Misrepresentation.
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | I chose my language precisely. The paper is much more
             | definitive than you're claiming, beginning with the title:
             | "The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early
             | epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic."
             | 
             | Many people have only vaguely followed this issue. Those
             | who have been following it closely know that a lot of basic
             | facts have actually been settled over the last year. The
             | location of the initial outbreak in Wuhan (namely, in a
             | market that sold wild animals similar to the animals that
             | caused the original SARS outbreak in 2002) is one of those
             | settled facts now.
        
           | peyton wrote:
           | The lab is not 10 km away. It is next door to the market.
           | From the WHO report [0]:
           | 
           | > The Wuhan CDC laboratory moved on 2nd December 2019 to a
           | new location near the Huanan market.
           | 
           | [0]: page 119, https://www.who.int/docs/default-
           | source/coronaviruse/final-j...
        
             | vidro3 wrote:
             | i thought cases were already cropping up prior to that move
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | You're confusing the Wuhan CDC and the Wuhan Institute of
             | Virology.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | The first cases of Covid were in November 2019.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic#2019
             | 
             | Also, the new location is over 5km from the market.
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Wuhan+Centres+for+Disease+P
             | r...
        
           | nostrebored wrote:
           | The cases were very heavily investigated around the wet
           | market -- particularly looking at adjacent hospitals. This is
           | an obvious example of a biased sample.
           | 
           | If you were doing controversial research using controversial
           | methods how transparent would you be?
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | > I mean guys, it supposedly started next to a lab that studies
         | the virus and they've yet to find the original bat population
         | spreading it.
         | 
         | It often takes years or even decades to find the original
         | animal source of viruses. Sometimes it is never found, such as
         | with ebola.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | This argument is partly _argumentum ad populum_ , appealing to
         | the supposed normalcy of the argument, to validate the argument
         | itself. The virus started there, so is it normal to think it
         | might be correlated? Sure. Is it _evidence_? It 's not.
         | 
         | The second argument is backwards. Reality is more wild,
         | chaotic, unpredictable than the baseline set by entertainment,
         | and that's because it's easiest to reach people when you build
         | upon what they already expect. As TVtropes would put this:
         | "Reality is unrealistic". If you put too much unexpected things
         | in a medium, as you say people won't buy it. But while
         | storytelling is often bound by this constraint, reality isn't.
         | 
         | Please note that I don't take a side with this comment. I want
         | to know the truth, as I imagine many do, and I want to get
         | there with a story that really makes sense, and doesn't just
         | appeal to my nonrational parts.
         | 
         | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/RealityIsUnreali...
        
         | contravariant wrote:
         | While true, the same can be said for any gun that _doesn 't_ go
         | off somewhere in the near future. Which isn't a terribly
         | realistic expectation for most guns in the real world,
         | thankfully.
        
       | duttonw wrote:
       | It is all allege and from a nation that sees saving face above
       | all things. It is not all that surprising.
       | 
       | Someone was playing/checkin out a virus, its in a place which
       | exotic animals are sort after to be consumed. It would not
       | surprise me if someone 'pinched' a couple of bat's from the lab
       | to make some $$$ on the side at the markets and then the rest is
       | how its been portrayed (except for the constant finger pointing
       | its from other countries, china knew about it, they blocked local
       | flights but continued to let international flights out, if you
       | put 1 and 1 together, it does make 2. No way around that.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | This is a very simple question. You just need 1 CSV file. A CSV
       | file with a list of all BioWeaponsLabs and their coordinates.
       | Then for every point on earth compute distance from nearest
       | BioWeaponsLabs. This will give you a heatmap for
       | pr(labLeak|pandemic). Few hrs work.
       | 
       | Right? Has anyone done this yet?
        
         | empathy_m wrote:
         | Are you looking for a diagram like this one?
         | https://www.science.org/cms/10.1126/science.abm4454/asset/75...
         | 
         | ( https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm4454 )
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | Very interesting, but unfortunately misleading because it
           | doesn't show the updated location for the city campus for the
           | WIV.
           | 
           | " The closest known CoV RaTG13 strain (96.2%) to SARS-CoV-2
           | detected in bat anal swabs have been sequenced at the Wuhan
           | Institute of Virology. The Wuhan CDC laboratory moved on 2nd
           | December 2019 to a new location near the Huanan market. Such
           | moves can be disruptive for the operations of any
           | laboratory." [0] (page 119)
           | 
           | [0] https://www.who.int/docs/default-
           | source/coronaviruse/final-j...
        
         | widerporst wrote:
         | This ignores the fact that these labs are often built closely
         | to where the viruses in question naturally occur.
        
           | breck wrote:
           | Ah that's a good point.
           | 
           | So your CSV file would need 1 more column: `type`,
           | `bioWeaponsLab|naturalVirusHotspot`, and then you could have
           | a toggle to see one at a time (or both, overlaid).
           | 
           | If anyone makes this CSV with data vis and published to
           | GitHub and it's good I'll send you $500USD worth of NEAR coin
           | or my eternal gratitude and respect (whichever you value
           | more).
        
       | adamaries21 wrote:
        
       | kurupt213 wrote:
       | One of those points could be dismissed as a coincidence... the
       | whole set is what you call a preponderance of evidence.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | The only thing that it proves is that regardless of how the
       | outbreak happened, if it was a killer virus we would be f*ck. 2
       | years later, we know few about its origin and we still fight with
       | basic stuff like vaccine, treatment and lockdown.. One could say
       | "well, we learned a lot during this two years", but I doubt that
       | if same happens again, we are able to respond it as we should.
       | Damn, even the question about masks (yes/no/depends) still not
       | sorted out. It is a shame.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | > we still fight with basic stuff like vaccine, treatment
         | 
         | What exactly are you hoping for?
        
           | pelasaco wrote:
           | less media, better organization, clear strategy, more
           | transparency and honesty. We saw what we cannot do well. We
           | suffered with many gaps and did so many mistakes that
           | shouldn't be repeated.
        
             | rhodorhoades wrote:
             | What was showed by the government is that we don't have
             | transparency and honesty. The head of the CDC essentially
             | said "masks don't work", then came out and said " just
             | kidding, they work but we needed to lie to you so you
             | wouldn't panic buy all the masks. Go ahead and go panic buy
             | all the masks now"
             | 
             | Americans don't like to be talked at, they like to be
             | talked to. As a country, we want all the information but we
             | want the ability to choose what to do with that
             | information.
        
               | pelasaco wrote:
               | I think it's ok to change an opinion, that's what science
               | is about. However the tone was really dishonest, right?
               | When it was brought up first time[1][2], it was more
               | important to wall-up then truly communicate... on another
               | hand, maybe it was just too many media coverage, everyone
               | wanting to deliver the last news, demanding answers that
               | weren't available.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-
               | updates/2020/0...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200608/who-changes-
               | stance-...
        
         | 96llort wrote:
        
       | theandrewbailey wrote:
       | Unrolled:
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1566826229931524096.html
        
       | tehjoker wrote:
       | I'm on a mobile device and feel terrible right now do I'm not
       | going to find the sources, but aren't there several papers out
       | there right now from Brazil, Italy, and perhaps Spain showing
       | detection of SARS2 in samples from Nov. 2019? That would wildly
       | change our interpretation of at least COVID's geographic origin.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | A lot of that discussion seems to have vanished from the
         | internet. Maybe it's because people are less interested in
         | talking about their strange cold back in the fall of '19, but
         | it could also be that the evidence remains slim enough that
         | contaminated samples is parsimonious.
        
       | ok_computer wrote:
       | Hi, content aside, tweet chains posts are terrible to read on any
       | device. And twitter bugs me to log in to track me through the
       | browser.
       | 
       | To all the people who think this is the best way to deliver
       | information to their audience please stop. 1/1
        
         | honkdaddy wrote:
         | What medium would you recommend Mr. Ebright use to deliver his
         | message to his 50,000 followers, plus the other several hundred
         | thousand who would have seen it given its popularity?
         | 
         | He didn't write this for HN users to read, it's pretty
         | unrealistic for us to expect people format their publishing to
         | fit the preferences of nerdy HN readers.
        
           | xtracto wrote:
           | A Substack/Medium/Wordpress-online-blog URL is less than 280
           | chars twitter limit.
        
             | ok_computer wrote:
             | I agree any of those blogging sites would be a better
             | format, even though I'm not a Medium fan. He's also listed
             | Board of Governors Professor of Chemistry and Chemical
             | Biology at Rutgers and I understand this isn't their
             | official position but there could be a faculty page or some
             | other publication or editorial site.
             | 
             | And he could link to the blog article from his tweet. The
             | downside is it wouldn't have as great viral potential but I
             | don't think that's necessarily a bad thing. Any page with
             | all the bullet points in one place would serve better than
             | an ephemeral twitter thread. If his followers regard him
             | they may follow the link.
        
         | svnpenn wrote:
         | https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock
        
         | dang wrote:
         | " _Please don 't complain about tangential annoyances--things
         | like article or website formats, name collisions, or back-
         | button breakage. They're too common to be interesting._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | It's really worry watching people start with conclusions and work
       | backwards, doubly so here on HN.
       | 
       | There is zero evidence for a lab leak, there is plenty of
       | evidence against it (the randomness of the genetic changes
       | between naturally occurring Covid 19 predecessors being the big
       | piece). Yet people are (with flowery language) pretending that
       | lack of evidence makes the "hypothesis" more likely.
        
         | mandmandam wrote:
         | You'll find some evidence pointing at a high possibility for a
         | lab leak at this link:
         | https://twitter.com/R_H_Ebright/status/1566826229931524096 ;)
         | 
         | Side note: Not looking at evidence doesn't make it not exist,
         | nor does declaring that there is "zero evidence".
        
           | barnacled wrote:
           | This is not evidence. It's hand waving 'how do you explain'
           | stuff that has been addressed many times by experts in the
           | field. No credible evidence whatsoever has been presented. If
           | you ignore experts and just keep repeating the same old
           | nonsense of course you claim to have evidence in the same way
           | 9/11 truthers do.
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | There is no evidence there at all though is there?
           | 
           | First, it's all just Twitter comments. So it's only evidence
           | that someone typed it into Twitter.
           | 
           | And second, what happens to overlap with reality isn't
           | evidence of a lab leak. The fact there is a virus lab in
           | Wuhan doesn't mean there was a lab leak, any more than the
           | fact there are labs in Africa proves aids was man made.
           | 
           | That's the problem here, people don't understand what
           | evidence is, and they don't understand because making up
           | bullshit is much more fun.
        
       | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
       | Curious how we'll go about preventing the NYT from shaming the
       | population with racism next time something starts to not add up:
       | https://www.thewrap.com/new-york-times-covid-lab-leak-apoorv... .
       | I really doubt we've learned anything at all, even with flaccid
       | left-leaning icon Jon Stewart pointing out the absurdity of the
       | situation.
        
       | Annatar wrote:
        
       | throwaway23236 wrote:
       | While I have no basis, this is what I feel happened:
       | 
       | WIV Worker - WIVW Janitor/intern/low paid employee - J
       | 
       | WIVW to J: Dispose of these bats J: Ok _J takes bats to wet
       | market_ _J sells bats for 50 bucks_ J to WIVW: Got rid of the
       | bats for you. WIVW to J: Thanks.
        
       | hayst4ck wrote:
       | This github page is the most interesting (fairly apolitical) read
       | on the lab leak hypothesis that I've seen to date:
       | 
       | https://project-evidence.github.io/
       | 
       | After reading it, it seems most likely to me that patient 0 was a
       | person who collected bats for the lab with insufficient safety
       | equipment, but the article itself doesn't really present a strong
       | conclusion.
        
       | est wrote:
       | A picture is worth a thousand words, here is an aerial shot of
       | Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV)
       | 
       | https://i.imgur.com/v4xg9u1.jpg
       | 
       | source: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-06-27/did-
       | covid...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tmoravec wrote:
         | Maybe I'm daft but might I ask you to elaborate what you wanted
         | to say with the picture?
        
           | 4pkjai wrote:
           | I don't understand it either
        
             | secretsatan wrote:
             | Is it because they think we think it doesn't exist?
        
             | highwaylights wrote:
             | The parent is saying that the lab is close to trees, and
             | birds live in trees, and birds have wings, and bats have
             | wings which makes them a bit like birds that way, and bats
             | can harbour coronaviruses.
             | 
             | The parent is telling us we need to cut down all the trees
             | before there's another pandemic, clearly.
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | The article talks about how WIV lab is secure and most
               | probably _not_ a source of COVID. The poster probably
               | meant to say  "look at all those fences and CCTV, no way
               | anything would escape that", but did so in a very qanon-
               | ish fashion.
        
         | mr_mitm wrote:
         | Ah, yes, clear as day. I'm convinced now.
        
         | FortashForhash wrote:
         | thats a lovely campus. very impressed
        
         | birracerveza wrote:
         | And those thousand words are "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..."
         | 
         | That is to say, I have no idea what you're implying here.
        
       | foreigner wrote:
       | What I don't understand about this argument is why does it
       | matter? Even if COVID was created in a lab in Wuhan they
       | obviously didn't release it on purpose as a weapon (if they had
       | they wouldn't have released it in Wuhan). There are any number of
       | other labs around the world working on similarly dangerous
       | research that could get released on accident.
        
         | potatototoo99 wrote:
         | The point is maybe we shouldn't be doing similarly dangerous
         | research in the first place. The point is maybe banning in the
         | US and funding it overseas is just idiotic.
        
         | nuncanada wrote:
         | It does matter a lot. Knowing the origin makes us able to try
         | to prepare for it in the future. Specifically if it was a lab
         | leak, we should put highly stringent procedures for conducting
         | such research. Theses labs should be isolated far away from
         | major urban areas, and have mandatory quarantine while leaving
         | it... For example...
        
         | AbrahamParangi wrote:
         | It matters if the truth matters to you and it matters because
         | of the highly public discrediting of the lab-leak hypothesis
         | both early in the pandemic and more recently should update your
         | beliefs about a great many institutions.
        
         | eruleman wrote:
         | You answered your own question.
        
         | shusaku wrote:
         | It matters because if geopolitics. Any other reason given is
         | laughably naive.
         | 
         | For sure we should use this as a lesson to increase safe guards
         | regardless. But discussing those measures would require actual
         | domain specific knowledge, so you'll never see it on HackerNews
         | (to speak nothing of Twitter!)
        
         | blast wrote:
         | It has enormous implications for future research and
         | regulation, as well as the reform of scientific and public
         | health institutions.
         | 
         | If a plane crash killed a few hundred people, no one would
         | question the need for a thorough investigation, root cause
         | analysis, and preventative measures for the future. Or consider
         | the security reforms put in place after 9/11, which killed
         | thousands. This pandemic killed millions.
        
         | kgermino wrote:
         | Because we want to learn from our mistakes. Whether it came
         | from a wild animal, a lab, or something else there are lessons
         | we should learn to help prevent it from happening again.
         | 
         | It's an overused example, but it's a good one. Flying is
         | extremely safe. Not because it's an inherently safe activity,
         | but because every time something happens we stop and ask why.
         | We don't accept simple answers like "the pilot screwed up" we
         | try to find all of the root causes and contributing factors.
         | Then for each of those we try to find a mitigation to avoid the
         | problem in the future.
         | 
         | It's not unreasonable to want to know what caused this pandemic
         | so we can try to avoid the next one.
        
           | virusduck wrote:
           | Whether or not this _happened_ in reality, it is still a good
           | learning experience.
        
         | 96llort wrote:
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | glofish wrote:
       | The main point that no scientists seems to want to mention is the
       | clear cut and well defined conflict of interest in determining
       | the origins.
       | 
       | How would the scientists of the future ask for funding if it
       | turns out they themselves directly caused an epidemic? It is a
       | black eye for science, it provides ammunition to the "anti-
       | science" crowd.
       | 
       | In contrast scientists are in the drivers position if the cause
       | was all natural. Then they can propose to be the "defendenders"
       | of the humanity against the next danger.
       | 
       | No wonder that there is strong headwind against any other
       | narrative. Remember all it takes a single dissenter to bury a
       | paper.
       | 
       | It is the in the vital (short term) interest of every scientist
       | to say that the origin is all natural!
       | 
       | If you read the papers that claim natural origin, these turn out
       | to be extremely weakly argued. A heat-map plot here and there,
       | some evasive language when it comes to evidence. But the quotable
       | conclusion is always formulated much more strongly.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | Scientists are not a monolith. I highly doubt any of them are
         | concerned about the macro level feasibility of science funding.
         | It's fine.
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | They aren't a monolith but there is a pretty large overlap
           | between the set of scientists that would be negatively
           | impacted by major policy changes in virus research and those
           | who's opinion is considered useful in the discussion of
           | possible origins of SARS-CoV-2.
        
             | notahacker wrote:
             | There is also a pretty large overlap between the set of
             | scientists who would be _positively_ impacted by major
             | policy changes in virus research.  "We need more money to
             | research coronaviruses because we can't trust our
             | counterparts in China" and "Funding should be restricted to
             | labs in $homecountry with better biosecurity controls" are
             | fairly natural conclusions to draw from discovering it was
             | Chinese error, and "this is an arms race we have to fund to
             | win" from discovering it was Chinese malfeasance.
        
               | shmel wrote:
               | Yeah, right, but it may also backfire if all gain-of-
               | function research is banned. Imagine if we accidentally
               | invented a rogue AI that caused as much disruption
               | worldwide as covid did? Would you trust the general
               | public and policymakers to come up with conclusions "it
               | is fine, we continue AI research only in big corps based
               | in SF, we can trust those" rather than "AI bad, ban AI
               | research!"?
               | 
               | I remember when this controversy about NIH grants just
               | started, Fauci said: "if you want to ban gain-of-function
               | research, you may just as well ban the virology
               | entirely". And honestly, I am fine with that. I advocate
               | for banning all gain-of-function research. If virologists
               | can't do anything else except engineering deadly viruses
               | on purpose, it is their problem.
        
               | jimmydorry wrote:
               | This kind of research was already banned in America,
               | which is why American money was funelled towards WIV
               | research grants to continue the research with less
               | oversight and off American soil [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/57932699
               | 
               | >This body did give money to an organisation that
               | collaborated with the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
               | 
               | >That organisation - the US-based EcoHealth Alliance -
               | was awarded a grant in 2014 to look into possible
               | coronaviruses from bats.
               | 
               | >EcoHealth received $3.7m from the NIH, $600,000 of which
               | was given to the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
               | 
               | >In 2019, its project was renewed for another five years,
               | but then pulled by the Trump administration in April 2020
               | following the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic.
               | 
               | >Senator Paul believes the research did qualify as "gain-
               | of-function" research, and referred to two academic
               | papers by the Chinese institute, one from 2015 (written
               | together with the University of North Carolina), and
               | another from 2017.
        
           | b4je7d7wb wrote:
           | They could be subconciously following the herd
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | A scientist could be following a herd, but that is
             | irrelevant to the point.
        
               | programmarchy wrote:
               | It's not irrelevant because a herd behaves in a
               | monolithic way.
        
           | programmarchy wrote:
           | > not a monolith > I highly doubt any of them
           | 
           | Do you see the problem with your reasoning here?
           | 
           | If you say scientists are not a monolith, then you don't get
           | to make sweeping generalizations about them.
        
             | spywaregorilla wrote:
             | > If you say scientists are not a monolith, then you don't
             | get to make sweeping generalizations about them.
             | 
             | Sure you can. Humans are not a monolith but humans don't
             | worship the Dark God-Eater Yglocth-Tyr. Both statements are
             | accurate.
             | 
             | Largely because he doesn't exist, in much the same way as
             | there's no such thing as a macro level threat to scientists
             | ability to ask for funding. It's not a real concept.
             | 
             | If you feel compelled to argue that there may be some
             | people who do act this way despite it being irrelevant,
             | great, you win points on pedantry and nothing changes.
             | 
             | This line: > Remember all it takes a single dissenter to
             | bury a paper.
             | 
             | Is not accurate
        
               | programmarchy wrote:
               | The discussion of how Big Science presents a macro level
               | threat has been ongoing since at least WWII. It's no
               | secret that the way things are funded have introduced
               | bias or in some cases completely undermined the
               | scientific method. There's the opportunity cost of Big
               | Science displacing smaller, more independent researchers,
               | the replication crisis, the publish or perish culture
               | that has developed, etc. It's because of the concerns
               | raised by the scientific community that the paltry checks
               | and balances we do have even exist. So it's totally off
               | base to write off this history of concern as non-
               | existent, or pedantry.
               | 
               | It's also wrong to say a single dissenter can't bury a
               | paper. It depends on the field, but in some fields there
               | will only be one referee, and even when there are
               | multiple referees, if the dissenter is a "leading
               | authority" then they can absolutely bury the paper
               | single-handedly.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | > It's also wrong to say a single dissenter can't bury a
               | paper. It depends on the field, but in some fields there
               | will only be one referee, and even when there are
               | multiple referees, if the dissenter is a "leading
               | authority" then they can absolutely bury the paper
               | single-handedly.
               | 
               | The implication of the phrasing "It only takes one" tends
               | to imply that anyone can do something. Not that there
               | exists a single entity that can do it. You wouldn't say
               | "remember, it only takes one person to pass an executive
               | order". I also just don't agree with the claim that one
               | person can bury a paper across an entire field. Otherwise
               | we wouldn't have seen so many idiot papers being
               | published about covid from quacks.
               | 
               | > So it's totally off base to write off this history of
               | concern as non-existent, or pedantry.
               | 
               | There is no big science. There's DARPA, sure. But it's
               | hardly "big science"
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | I suspect you are mostly right in that many are more
           | concerned about funding - and publication - at the micro
           | (personal) level, and this might discourage many from going
           | against the establishment armed only with speculation.
           | 
           | As for the scientific establishment (eg the NIH in the USA),
           | it is very politically aware and was apparently determined to
           | speak with a single voice. Somewhat ironically, this may have
           | made it impossible for them to put an end to lab-origin
           | hypotheses, even if they are false.
        
         | pydry wrote:
         | What you're describing is more how a politician would think if
         | "science" were a country.
         | 
         | But science isnt a country, most scientists arent politicians
         | and most would prefer the truth to out.
        
           | brnaftr361 wrote:
           | _most scientists_
           | 
           | But scientists aren't in a single domain, they're cut up into
           | biology and physics and etc... And they're further divided
           | into specializations, and then specialties...
           | 
           | And if we don't discount that they're human, they have
           | families, careers, friends, and nations. And at this point
           | we're talking about a pretty narrow cross section of the
           | population, even narrower when you take into account the few
           | that publish, and minute when you finally arrive at who among
           | them can be counted as prime drivers.
           | 
           | And what would the geopolitical consequences be _if_ an
           | objective finger driven by unanimous assent pointed itself at
           | some culprits? All the deaths implicated in the disease, all
           | the destruction, the damage wrought economically - they 're
           | culpable for it all. Would it be war or sanctions? Could it
           | be handwaved away?
           | 
           | There's a lot of reasons, at scale, that such data is better
           | kept quiet, and long lists of lots of individuals in many
           | high places which immediately evince one of conflicts of
           | interest _if_ we do take it for granted that it was a fuckup.
        
         | BryantD wrote:
         | This doesn't convince me because we have a recent covid-related
         | example of scientists making a significant mistake and
         | admitting it: namely, the primary means of transmission. At the
         | beginning of the pandemic, the scientific community argued that
         | transmission was surface-based. As more data came in, it became
         | evident that transmission was aerosol-related. This was a huge
         | mistake with significant implications, but nobody tried to
         | cover it up.
         | 
         | I conclude that scientists are more truth-motivated than you
         | assert.
        
           | effie wrote:
           | Admitting scientists were wrong in their claims on science
           | does not hurt societal standing of science or funding. The
           | cost is very low, everybody expects scientists to be wrong on
           | science from time to time.
           | 
           | Admitting scientists may have caused the pandemic is on a
           | whole another level. Societal status and funding may be
           | pulled. The cost is so huge it makes relevant scientists
           | unlikely to admit any of the sort.
        
             | BryantD wrote:
             | I don't have a great way to prove this, because we're
             | arguing about a hypothetical, but I think you're wrong.
             | 
             | Let me try one similar but non-medical counter-example.
             | People are still willing to get on planes, even though
             | Boeing 737 MAX engineering flaws caused 346 deaths.
        
               | effie wrote:
               | Some, not all, people are willing to get on Boeing 737
               | MAX. Certainly not people who know about the fiasco and
               | avoid increased risk.
               | 
               | Your counter-example does not work at all, instead it is
               | an example of my point. Boeing managers were driven
               | solely by profitability of the company, mismanaged safety
               | concerns, did not tell the customer about problems and
               | MCAS fearing lost or less profitable contracts, and
               | that's why we got crashed planes and hundreds dead.
        
           | kurupt213 wrote:
           | They were lying. They knew how corona viruses spread. This is
           | just like sars, but less lethal.
        
         | ploika wrote:
         | Scientists aren't a monolith though. There few better career
         | boosts than proving everyone else wrong, and the satisfaction
         | of poaching work off a competitor who messed up isn't
         | restricted to any one industry. Research into dangerous viruses
         | isn't going to stop, no matter what happened in Wuhan, and it's
         | far from the only risky work going on in labs around the world
         | anyway.
         | 
         | Whatever about the strength of the natural origin theory, the
         | idea that there's a conspiracy of silence from all the
         | scientists in the world (including ones who would love to give
         | the Chinese authorities a black eye) just doesn't seem
         | plausible. You said it yourself - all it takes is a single
         | dissenter to bury a paper.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Scientists who aren't part of the monolith find themselves
           | pushed out as wacko conspiracy theorists. This happened over
           | and over and over and over and over and over and over again
           | in the past thirty or so months. Even HN took part in this,
           | supporting the depersoning of anyone who dared question the
           | natural origin narrative. Scientists aren't a monolith as
           | long as you include those who have been threatened with dire
           | consequences for not toeing the line. Even now there are
           | still some who want anyone who suggests the possibility of a
           | lab leak origin to be silenced.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | HN isn't part of the scientific community. You can find
             | peer reviewed research published on the lab leak idea shows
             | it was considered orthodox enough to be worth looking at.
             | As recently as June of this year, WHO still wants to look
             | more deeply at it.
             | 
             | That said, it's considered fringe because there isn't
             | enough evidence supporting the idea and the meat market
             | theory showed up first.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | boltzmann-brain wrote:
           | > it's far from the only risky work going on in labs around
           | the world
           | 
           | what else could you bring up?
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Tesla style wireless electricity delivery. If "don't cross
             | the streams" was ever applicable...
        
           | pnf wrote:
           | Science funding is dominated by industry and academic
           | sources. Academic research departments are funded by industry
           | or by NGOs funded by industry and government. As with any
           | culture, successful people generally know where the third
           | rails are, and where to focus their energies if they just
           | want to have a career. Controversial science is relegated to
           | the fringe by the internal logic of the system. It doesn't
           | require a conspiracy, just an Overton window. Within any
           | large organization there may be malfeasance, corruption, etc,
           | that is widely known or suspected. Yet there are few
           | "whistleblowers". Who wants that fight? Who wants their
           | reputation blemished? Very few.
           | 
           | Even so, if the system isn't hiring people who don't need to
           | be told what to investigate and what to leave alone then the
           | system is doing it wrong. Ideological guardrails and
           | discourse policing take care of the bulk of compliance. The
           | few kooks who insist on honest debate, well, people like
           | Fauci and Francis know what do do about them. The sociopaths
           | at the top have no compunction about ruining careers and make
           | sure that is widely understood. Occasionally they'll kill a
           | chicken while the monkeys watch to remind everyone.
           | 
           | If someone doesn't know this about Science and Scientists
           | now, after cigarettes and cancer, the replication crisis, and
           | now 2+ years of pandemic evidence smacking us in the face,
           | then they don't want to know.
        
             | fzeroracer wrote:
             | The problem with your argument and anyone else's argument
             | that alleges grand conspiracy among scientists is that you
             | always take a US centric view and pretend the US is the
             | only place in the world with scientists.
             | 
             | Scientists like many other individuals are divided by
             | country. There are many countries out there that would love
             | to do nothing but prove that this was a lab leak so that
             | they could take a swing at China. All of that information
             | is accessible and public.
             | 
             | In order for grand corruption theory to make sense you
             | would need to posit some way not only for the US to
             | suppress this information perfectly but also control every
             | single other countries scientific research.
        
               | pnf wrote:
               | I specifically said that no conspiracy is required, that
               | the mechanism is baked into the system.
               | 
               | As for the rest of the world, all the information is NOT
               | accessible and public. Far from it. China is notoriously
               | secretive and the US bio-security industry certainly
               | isn't more forthcoming. Second, who says there isn't a
               | control mechanism for non-US research science? Where does
               | funding come from outside the US and how is it any
               | different from the situation inside the US? The
               | Atlanticist alliance is one center of knowledge-power.
               | The BRICS may be another. But the idea of sovereignty
               | operating at the country level is absurd on its face.
               | Tell that to th EU member states. Most countries are
               | effectively vassal states for the major powers. You can
               | easily see what happens when they act independently.
               | That's geopolitics 101.
               | 
               | Like the US, China is a major source of funding for
               | developing countries in what it considers to be its
               | sphere of influence. So, pick your poison. Either the US
               | hegemonic science industrial complex or the Chinese
               | version. Either way, savvy people don't shit where they
               | eat. Who do you think wants to take a swing at China? A
               | full investigation of Wuhan (and Ukraine) would likely
               | reveal the hand of the biodefense industry evading local
               | laws by laundering illegal weapons research through
               | fronts like EcoHealth Alliance. Would you like to go up
               | against that? I sure wouldn't.
               | 
               | For your version of things to make sense, you would also
               | need to explain the embargo on the publication of
               | dissenting research across the major US and European
               | journals. Did you propose that just happened organically?
               | Reality is catching up to politics and the consensus is
               | shifting of necessity or the system will lose all
               | remaining credibility.
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | Everything you're doing and alleging is conspiracy. That
               | there is some greater will censoring anything that would
               | reveal it was a lab leak.
               | 
               | There's no point in arguing with you because anything can
               | be contorted to fit this narrative you've crafted to fit
               | everything neatly into this conspiracy. In reality hiding
               | something like this on a global scale is quite literally
               | impossible. That's simply a fact of how information
               | travels and works.
               | 
               | It's especially funny because the lab leak hypothesis
               | literally originated from the government agencies and
               | such you seem keen to deride. It was pushed by the most
               | powerful position in America. I don't understand how
               | people pushing this conspiracy can square the fact that
               | it came from the groups they claim to conspire against it
        
               | pnf wrote:
               | I could say there's no point in arguing with you for the
               | exact same reasons. I see you really don't want to
               | understand my argument and would rather blithely dismiss
               | strawmen. That's your prerogative. For anyone else who
               | reads this, I'll continue clarifying why I think you're
               | argument is naive and, frankly, simplistic. You seem not
               | to have a clear understanding of American politics. Maybe
               | you don't live here or, if you do you don't pay much
               | attention to deep politics. That's forgivable. Most
               | people don't have the time, heart, or stomach for it. I
               | assume you're talking about the former President pushing
               | the claim? That is hardly the most powerful position in
               | America. Do you think Joe Biden is the most powerful
               | person in America? LoL. Read Glennon's book National
               | Security and Double Government, or Sheldon Wolin's
               | Democracy Incorporated for a primer.
               | 
               | You clearly don't grok ruling class ideology and
               | discourse policing. Please don't mislead other people
               | with these tired arguments about conspiracy theories.
               | Although, there is plenty of evidence of actual
               | conspiracy at the top of the FDA and NIH if you want to
               | nitpick. You might also want to investigate the modus
               | operandi and principle funding structures of the WTO and
               | WHO. But you would probably argue there were no
               | conspiracies in Imperial Britain because they're just not
               | possible. Your lack of historical knowledge blinds you to
               | possibility.
               | 
               | But I'm not even talking about technical "conspiracy" so
               | called. I'm talking about ideological control structures
               | for the ruling class and those within it. Your statements
               | are a prime example of someone who cannot see outside
               | your ideology. You don't even know that you don't know.
               | That's the essential feature of ideological compliance.
               | There absolutely are conspiracies to suppress
               | information, that's called censorship. Wait, don't tell
               | me. You're a fan of that, too. But only to suppress
               | disinformation and protect the feebleminded masses from
               | their own stupidity, right? But not you! You've got
               | enough grey matter to handle it and come to the "right"
               | conclusions. We all know the "right" opinions and we all
               | want to be on the "right side of history", don't we?
               | That's right. We don't need to be told that certain ideas
               | are junk disinformation while other, approved ideas, are
               | justified true belief. There's a good lad, off you go.
               | 
               | Btw, the lab leak hypothesis was originally making a
               | splash in the blogosphere in January 2020 before the
               | narrative could get ahead of it. Then the political arms
               | of the government science institutions and the
               | pathetically complicit media leaped to the rescue by
               | savaging the people who would dare suggest such a thing.
               | Google "lab leak Wuhan" with a date filter if you want to
               | relive those heady days. It's especially funny that you
               | would make such a claim since that's exactly the sort of
               | thing members in good standing of the establishment are
               | expected to believe. There's really no point in arguing
               | with someone who's mind has been broken by propaganda.
               | I'm sorry for your loss.
        
               | glofish wrote:
               | That is not at all what the reply stated. In fact they
               | explicitly stated that "the mechanism is baked into the
               | system". Then go on to methodically explain what they
               | mean.
               | 
               | It exceedingly well argued and articulated point of view
               | - and that goes to pnf's all other replies.
               | 
               | I salute the author pnf for being able to put into words
               | what I would not be able to.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | caseysoftware wrote:
         | > _How would the scientists of the future ask for funding if it
         | turns out they themselves directly caused an epidemic? It is a
         | black eye for science, it provides ammunition to the "anti-
         | science" crowd._
         | 
         | The real black eye for science is the refusal to consider a
         | line of inquiry because the answer might be unacceptable.
        
         | smrtinsert wrote:
         | Even if the lab leak theory was true and some irresponsible
         | handlers were responsible for it, so what? Science moves and
         | lives on. If we had to throw out every concept that committed
         | some catastrophic failure we'd have nothing - no governments,
         | no religions, etc.
         | 
         | This is only an attack on science if you are already anti-
         | science.
        
           | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
           | There is no chance, that this is just a call for reform, for
           | working oversight, for not outsourcing to the cheapest
           | bidder, for a outside inquisition to have visits and quality
           | control. For reproduceability? For a limiting of potentially
           | exponetially dangerous research, like we are perfectly
           | willing to push it with nuclear weapons? No, every one
           | opposing my oppinion is a absolute enemy, there is only black
           | and white and the institutions we have are perfect, right
           | now, at this very moment.
           | 
           | All those yells, just from touching the pots.
           | 
           | Sorry, but this absolutist, finalist stating of facts, is
           | verz unscientific in itself. Were does that sentiment, that
           | yelling the loudest and ascribing every oppossition evil
           | motives come from?
           | 
           | Its not very democratic. Not very scientific either.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I think a lot of people in the lab leak community are looking
           | for someone to blame, purely out of retribution, which is
           | ultimately pointless.
           | 
           | Ignoring that contingent, it's still important to do a full
           | postmortem after a catastrophe. If a bridge collapses, people
           | don't say "oh well, life moves on". They figured out why it
           | collapsed, and then design the next generation of bridges to
           | not fail in that way. If you don't do the analysis, you can't
           | do the mitigation.
        
             | nomel wrote:
             | > purely out of retribution, which is ultimately pointless.
             | 
             | If a mad scientist was making a better bomb design, and
             | accidentally blew up a million people through negligence,
             | would your perspective be different? What about a bridge
             | that collapses and kills people? Engineers go to prison for
             | that. There needs to be accountability for, demonstrably,
             | one of the most dangerous acts that can be done.
             | 
             | I would be perfectly ok with the the lab being shut
             | down/redesigned, if a flaw in its design were found, and
             | any negligent scientists and safety officers being
             | removed/prosecuted.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | Blaming process failures on individuals rarely yields any
               | results. Can you give me one example of a time it worked;
               | where merely punishing an individual without making any
               | process changes has prevented a class of accidents since
               | that incident to now?
               | 
               | My take is that any process relying on a single
               | individual is ultimately a failure. All sorts of things
               | happen to individuals, including losing the ability to
               | fear the consequences (think degenerative brain disease;
               | cancer, Alzheimer's, etc.) With the fear of consequences
               | eliminated, your process fails open and retribution
               | accomplishes nothing. If some scientist at a bomb lab
               | wants to kill 1 billion people, including themselves, no
               | punishment is going to deter them. "An eye for an eye",
               | while appealing to our reptile brains, can't scale beyond
               | a single murder. So your process for preventing mass
               | murder can't include it if it's to be effective.
               | 
               | Punishment doesn't bring your loved ones back from the
               | dead. All we can hope for is a system that doesn't fail
               | so easily next time.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | I actually assume the policy is fine. Part of policy is,
               | necessarily, enforcement. In any safety critical policy,
               | there is someone that holds final accountability. That
               | accountability is the pressure, the policy, that
               | guarantees the policy is followed. This is why we have
               | the enforcement of laws, and not just the laws
               | themselves. Criminal negligence is a possibility, happens
               | frequently, and is enforced often, around safety critical
               | systems. If there's no enforcement, then the policy is
               | fiction.
               | 
               | I _highly_ recommend you look into accountability, in
               | safety critical systems. There are many many decades of
               | policy /data that show accountability is a necessary
               | component. Is what keeps them honest/careful.
               | 
               | (I'll try to be back with references and a good example)
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | > Is what keeps them honest/careful.
               | 
               | A better way to phrase it would be, it's what ensures
               | that the words of the policy become actions.
        
         | oasisbob wrote:
         | > If you read the papers that claim natural origin, these turn
         | out to be extremely weakly argued.
         | 
         | What didn't you like about Pekar 2022?
        
           | tripletao wrote:
           | You mean the polytomy argument? As I said earlier, it's
           | incredibly weak. They're assuming they can capture the spread
           | of the first human cases in an SIR-type model well enough to
           | recreate the shape of that early phylogenetic tree. During
           | this pandemic, such models haven't shown particularly good
           | accuracy in forecasting case count at a country level,
           | certainly no better than less physical curve-fitting
           | approaches like Youyang Gu's. I see no reason to believe such
           | a model would be accurate on the more difficult problem of
           | SARS-CoV-2's early spread, in an unknown group of people with
           | unknown behaviors, and perhaps different biology for those
           | earliest variants too.
           | 
           | Essentially Pekar's argument is a "two introductions of the
           | gaps"--that if their model of a single introduction doesn't
           | conform to reality, then it must have been two introductions.
           | But the other possibility is simply that their model is
           | wrong. I see no reason to exclude that. Here are some Twitter
           | threads expressing the same concerns in more detail:
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/NimwegenLab/status/1563490916006264833
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/nizzaneela/status/1509431997713764352
        
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