[HN Gopher] Spain launches free train tickets for short and medi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Spain launches free train tickets for short and medium journeys
       from Sept to Dec
        
       Author : vanilla-almond
       Score  : 127 points
       Date   : 2022-09-02 14:54 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.euronews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.euronews.com)
        
       | zxspectrum1982 wrote:
       | Net result is there's not enough trains for everybody so 3-hour
       | delays are not rare. RENFE warned Government free tickets for
       | everybody on short notice was simply not doable. They didn't
       | listen. News will not report this, of course, they would lose
       | their subsidies.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/acomajuncosas78/status/15654058221207633...
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | They could just do what everyone else has been doing for 2
         | years: blame "staff shortages" for any delay
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | After firing those who wouldn't take a vaccine.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | Overbooking is illegal in Spain, as far as I know.
         | 
         | "Free tickets" thus doesn't translate to "seats for everyone".
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | > News will not report this, of course, they would lose their
         | subsidies
         | 
         | Uhhh...what? Is spain not a democracy?
        
           | zxspectrum1982 wrote:
           | The current leftist Government is giving the media hundreds
           | of millions of euros in subsidies. Of course, that creates
           | expectations and obligations on what media will report.
        
         | googlryas wrote:
         | Is that not just what train stations look like in September?
         | Has there been any analysis of how ridership changed based on
         | this free travel plan?
        
           | tdido wrote:
           | I would easily expect even worse than that any day during
           | peak hour in any of the larger stations here in Madrid.
        
         | Mordisquitos wrote:
         | I'm not saying you're wrong, but RENFE's Rodalies service
         | around Barcelona has been disastrous long before free train
         | tickets.
        
       | GekkePrutser wrote:
       | It's kinda useless if you're not already on the train at least
       | once a week making the same trip. Great for commuters to save
       | some money but it doesn't happen open up any options for cool day
       | trips to explore the country like the German offer.
        
         | alastairp wrote:
         | The tickets are definitely pitched as "for regular commuters",
         | but I'm going to take advantage of them for getting further out
         | of Barcelona to cycle. I've spent 70EUR on 4 tickets and expect
         | that I'll receive refunds for 2 of them (by travelling at least
         | 16 times on a ticket). A return ticket to a location 2 hours
         | away ends up being close to 15EUR, so even if I get no refunds
         | due to not travelling enough, it's still economical to buy the
         | tickets if I'm planning on using them 2-3 times a month.
        
           | durkie wrote:
           | Where are your favorite places to ride near Barcelona?
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | Not a ton of experience biking in the region, but I rode
             | from Barcelona to Montserrat and it is quite lovely. There
             | are a few sections where you're on a road busier with cars
             | than one would like, but I've found Spanish drivers to be
             | fairly respectful of bikers*. It was about 3.5h there, 2.5h
             | back, with a nice 600m climb up the mountain at the end of
             | the trip. The views up there are simply stunning.
             | 
             | * Fun story, I rode 1500 miles throughout Spain ~10 years
             | ago, and had not a single bad experience with a motorist.
             | When I got back to my home in NY state, literally on my
             | first bike ride back, within 2 miles of my starting point,
             | a man in a truck threw a beer can at me.
        
         | littlecranky67 wrote:
         | I think they learned from the German 9EUR ticket - people made
         | more trips due to the ticket. With the spanish system, only
         | people that really have to commute long-term (job, uni, etc.)
         | will benefit, without setting an incentive to take
         | "recreational trips".
        
           | cmarschner wrote:
           | In the end it only makes sense if you replace trips that are
           | more carbon-heavy - and the evidence that this happened in
           | the 3 months seem pretty weak. If you create additional
           | mobility then everybody loses. People should have an
           | incentive to do fewer car and plane trips - and maybe
           | substitute some of them for train trips since they are the
           | least damaging option.
           | 
           | Which leaves a question of the long-term effect - will people
           | who typically had not considered taking a train for, say,
           | going on vacation will do so next year?
        
             | jkukul wrote:
             | > In the end it only makes sense if you replace trips that
             | are more carbon-heavy - and the evidence that this happened
             | in the 3 months seem pretty weak
             | 
             | I don't think this measure is primarily meant to fight
             | carbon emissions. I think the primary goal is to help
             | people who were mostly affected by inflation, i.e. lower
             | and middle class so people who take regular commuter
             | trains.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | By extendion, they need disincentives to make any trips,
             | trains included. The most carbon-neutral trip is the one
             | never made. Tourism, long trips for no better reason than
             | recreation, can never be made completely green.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | "Never" is a long time.
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | It can be made close enough by train travel. There are
               | other factors to consider than just carbon emissions, the
               | most carbon reducing action would simply be to wipe out
               | humanity but we probably don't want that.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > The most carbon-neutral trip is the one never made
               | 
               | The most carbon-neutral consumer is 6 feet under. Or,
               | better yet, processed into biogas.
               | 
               | I don't think this is the kind of logic we should be
               | engaging in
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Macha wrote:
           | Wasn't the german goal to replace car (and therefore oil)
           | usage in general? I'm not sure someone taking a train to the
           | beach town instead of driving there because the train was
           | cheap is a failure in terms of the policy goals?
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | But I thought the whole point of the German thing was to give
           | everyone a little something?
           | 
           | This seems very targeted at one specific group (those
           | commuting regularly) that is only a small part of the
           | population affected by the cost increases. In fact train
           | tickets have not increased anyway.
           | 
           | It seems a bit strange giving one group so much and the rest
           | nothing.
        
             | pooper wrote:
             | > It seems a bit strange giving one group so much and the
             | rest nothing.
             | 
             | I think it makes sense if we can encourage people who would
             | have otherwise traveled by car to try out the train. I mean
             | that's the whole point, right? If we want to "give everyone
             | a little something", we should increase capacity as well.
        
             | mtmail wrote:
             | > It seems a bit strange giving one group so much and the
             | rest nothing.
             | 
             | In parallel there was a 0.30 Euro subsidy on petrol
             | ("Tankrabatt") and a 300 Euro one-off payment for employees
             | (in September I think). Plus subsidy on gas for heating is
             | being discussed. Taken together a lot was given, not only
             | to one group.
        
         | solarexplorer wrote:
         | IIRC you don't have to do 16 trips in four months. If do fewer
         | trips, you have to pay 10EUR once (or 20EUR for the mid range
         | trips). That is still a considerable discount.
        
       | TekMol wrote:
       | You can't make this up.
       | 
       | We currently have two problems:
       | 
       | 1: Inflation is rampant because the governments spent so much on
       | fighting Covid.
       | 
       | 2: Covid variants are still spreading.
       | 
       | What shall we do?
       | 
       | Let's spend _more_ government money! On what? A free ticket, so
       | people will cram into buses and trains together!
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | Somehow I doubt that temporarily subsidizing transit is going
         | to have a big effect on inflation, nor is it going to have a
         | noticeable crowding-out effect.
         | 
         | Also this particular spending is subsidized with a tax. This is
         | income redistribution, not printing money.
        
         | antaviana wrote:
         | I presume quality of public transportation will certainly
         | degrade but by maximizing its usage (more people using it) will
         | probably reduce energy consumption for transportation overall.
         | 
         | Reducing energy consumption should be a priority. If our energy
         | consumption was 1/10th of what it currently is, all of a sudden
         | all these inflation issues would be gone. Current inflation is
         | a butterfly effect, caused primarily by the increase in energy
         | costs.
        
         | roystonvassey wrote:
         | While it will benefit travelers, it's likely to be used by a
         | large number of people as an economic necessity - travel for
         | work, study , selling and buying goods and services. The
         | combined net economic impact is what I assume the govt hopes
         | will offset the inflation burden to some extent. Covid
         | transmission on the other hand is essentially endemic at this
         | time and we have to manage it, rather than try to prevent it,
         | especially in such a globalised world as ours
        
         | jkukul wrote:
         | Isn't inflation only caused by governments spending money only
         | if money is printed in the process?
         | 
         | Otherwise, it's just a re-allocation of money within a fixed
         | budget. E.g. instead of money being allocated to building a new
         | road it is allocated to subsidising train rides. The supply of
         | money doesn't increase.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Inflation happens because of many reasons, not just one
           | reason, or "only". Which ones are currently affecting is, is
           | up for debate, but it's surely not just one reason. You can
           | start diving deeper into the subject at Wikipedia that has
           | somewhat of an overview:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation#Causes
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Increasing subsidies that are used by poor and middle-class
           | households seems to have a stronger effect than subsidizing
           | rich people. Their money tends to have higher velocity
           | (instead of throwing it into the stock market and waiting,
           | they will use it to buy necessities), which leads to more
           | total dollars spent per year from $1 of subsidies.
        
             | jkukul wrote:
             | You're right.
             | 
             | The point I was trying to make is that subsidising poor and
             | middle-class by re-allocating resources is better than
             | printing money to give stimulus checks.
        
             | oceanplexian wrote:
             | Maybe people in poverty are different where you live. Where
             | I am it's a lifestyle, where every spare dollar is spent on
             | drugs, alcohol, and gambling at the nearby casino. I guess
             | it helps the economy, but probably not the parts of the
             | economy society should be investing in.
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Where do you live? It sounds like they are having a lot
               | of fun there and you don't like it.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > Increasing subsidies that are used by poor and middle-
             | class households seems to have a stronger effect than
             | subsidizing rich people.
             | 
             | Subsidising rich people increases asset prices, share
             | prices and house prices, and affects us all
        
         | eynsham wrote:
         | There are other problems, including the cost of living crisis.
         | This is an attempt to fix that. Maybe the tradeoff isn't worth
         | it, but it's not very constructive to just deny that there's
         | one worth analysing.
         | 
         | This sort of policy, if implemented effectively, can help to
         | mitigate high diesel prices. (Plausibly it won't, by
         | overcrowding the system to the point where it's
         | counterproductive.) It also helps to approach better pricing of
         | externalities, since generally taking the train is more
         | socially useful.
         | 
         | Covid is a problem, but, post-vaccination, it's roughly as bad
         | as flu, and the combination of flu and public transport is not
         | really that much of a problem, from past experience.
        
         | manuelabeledo wrote:
         | I would say that _switching_ from private cars to public
         | transportation may actually decrease inflation. Would you
         | rather have the citizens spend more on gasoline, thus
         | potentially increasing the price of it?
         | 
         | Also, as far as I understand, governments spending money
         | doesn't necessarily cause inflation. Inflation was rampant
         | between 1998 and 2006 too, while the Spanish government was
         | selling ownership on arguably most of their national
         | industries.
        
         | pvaldes wrote:
         | This is not a ticket for tourists. People eligible are frequent
         | travelers that were yet using trains full of people six days a
         | week. The covid risk has not changed so much really. A full
         | occupied train can't be filled with more passengers.
         | 
         | Everybody in Spain had the opportunity to access free Covid
         | vaccines several times yet. If denialists keep ignoring
         | science, is very sad, but is their choice, they will die more
         | often. Maybe they should reduce the risk and abstain to use the
         | train. The rest of the people needs to move on and keep with
         | their lives.
         | 
         | If we discuss the solution as not valid, we should pick the
         | correct reason to do this. The goal is to reduce our gas/car
         | dependency exceptionally and temporarily in some big cities. Is
         | a dumb idea? Well, promoting public transport in the middle of
         | an energetic crisis does not seem so dumb to me, but better
         | ideas are always welcomed.
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | 3. pollution/climate?
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | Clearly, what we should do is to cram more cars onto roads.
         | After all, cars and roads and gasoline are all free, and
         | increased demand for all of them in face of limited supply does
         | not cause inflation...
        
         | midasuni wrote:
         | You're begging the question
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | We had this in Germany and it was pretty nice. Would have been
       | better with a few more trains, but whelp, that's what the years
       | of pushing for cars give you.
       | 
       | I still hope it will lead to a change.
        
       | markvdb wrote:
       | These free train trips might be nice, but they don't really reply
       | to the issue at hand.
       | 
       | The source of inflation in Europe is the godfather in Moscow
       | shutting the valves on natural gas pipelines. Barring war with a
       | nuclear arms power, the remedies are diversifying natural gas
       | supply and lowering its consumption. I see far too little too
       | late action on this front.
       | 
       | I've been waiting for half a year now for a simple and effective
       | EU wide coordinated effort. It's just not happening. Our
       | political class seems to show very little sense of urgency.
       | 
       | One example out of many. Heat pumps are still in stock in most of
       | the EU, with installers available to install them. We're speaking
       | of systems that easily cut domestic energy consumption in three.
       | Still available, after over six months of emergency!
        
         | fy20 wrote:
         | Although I'm a big proponent of heat pumps, they are not the
         | solution here. I ran the numbers for my country and it still
         | works out cheaper to heat with gas than a heat pump. Natural
         | gas works out to be 13c/kWh and an electric heat pump 16c/kWh
         | of heat. Why would someone pay close to EUR10k to switch to a
         | heat pump, if the end result is going to be bills will not
         | change?
         | 
         | The only case a heat pump would be cheaper today is if you have
         | solar, as then you can produce heat and hot water without any
         | grid usage for half the year (the warmer part though), and you
         | probably have net billing for the other half.
         | 
         | In my country (and most of the EU) the elephant in the room is
         | a lot of the electricity comes from natural gas, so switching
         | to heat pumps alone will not drastically reduce natural gas
         | demand. The market rates say it's better to burn directly than
         | convert to electricity and then back to heat.
         | 
         | I hope this is finally the thing that forces the EU to
         | decarbonise electricity generation and switch to green energy
         | (inc. nuclear), but given how slow things have changed over the
         | last decade I somewhat doubt that. We already have the
         | technology but Russian energy has been too cheap, now though...
        
           | kazen44 wrote:
           | to add to this, a ton of houses are not build for heatpump
           | based systems.
           | 
           | Most radiator style heating (aka, anything build prior to the
           | 2000's) will not work with a heat pump because the water
           | temperature cannot get high enough to get proper cooling
           | coefficiency.
           | 
           | Replacing your entire radiator based system in many houses is
           | not possible without an extreme renovation of the home.
        
             | flaviut wrote:
             | mini-split systems are incredibly efficient and much easier
             | to install than central heating. I would not expect them to
             | require extreme renovation.
        
         | moltar wrote:
         | Spain doesn't source gas from Russia though. Spain has some, if
         | not the, lowest, prices buy far. Like 1/3 of German gas prices.
        
       | adabaed wrote:
        
         | reocha wrote:
         | To be at that level you have to be making EUR300,000 a year,
         | that level of taxation seems fair to me.
        
           | miki_tyler wrote:
           | Tax rate for income > 60K Euro is 45%. On top of that VAT
           | (IVA) current standard rate is 21% in Spain. Add on some
           | other taxes (property tax, municipal taxes, IVTM, etc) and
           | seems pretty high to me.
        
             | reocha wrote:
             | Earning 60k a year still leaves you with net 41k. To get
             | close to loosing 50% of your income to taxes you have to
             | earn over 1mil (disregarding VAT). Furthermore one must
             | take into account the average salary in Spain is lower than
             | most other European countries.
        
               | oceanplexian wrote:
               | It's not 50%, it's actually far higher. Governments hide
               | taxes from workers by taxing the employer. Individuals
               | might think their taxes are low, but that money comes
               | from somewhere, and it manifests in lower wages, less
               | competition, and offshoring.
               | 
               | The true tax is called the "Tax Wedge". That's one of the
               | reasons someone in Spain who makes 60k a year would be
               | making 100k in the USA.
        
               | reocha wrote:
               | In return, the spanish get functioning infastructure,
               | good trains, a decent public healthcare system, partial
               | paid sick leave, 16 weeks maternaty leave full pay and
               | half decent unemployment benefits.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | In the US, employers are also taxed, to the tune of an
               | additional 7.65% in SS and Medicare taxes, with another
               | 7.65% in _employee_ SS and Medicare taxes (Something that
               | never seems to get mentioned in discussions of US tax
               | rates...), and another two or three percent in
               | unemployment insurance taxes. On top of all that, between
               | the employer and the employee, another $10,000-$25,000
               | /year gets spent on medical insurance.
               | 
               | Between all of that, that $100,000 in the US gets eaten
               | up pretty quickly. If you live in, say, Wisconsin, your
               | take-home will be between ~$57,000 and ~$45,000,
               | depending on the number of family members you have on
               | your health insurance plan.
               | 
               | You'll also get to enjoy another 5% in sales tax, and
               | 1.65%/year in property tax.
               | 
               | So yeah, if you just look at the income tax rate, the US
               | looks great. But when you account for all the other
               | nickel-and-diming, you'll see that the net take-home for
               | middle-class people is not so different. If you're upper-
               | middle-class, making over $200,000, the US system starts
               | getting skewed in your favor (Because of caps on SS,
               | Medicare, because insurance costs are a flat fee, etc.)
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > manifests in lower wages, less competition, and
               | offshoring
               | 
               | Switzerland has some of the highest taxes and highest
               | wages in the world. Afghanistan has some of the lowest
               | taxes in the world.
               | 
               | Clearly you must consider what you get for your money.
               | Countries without functional police force, court system
               | and IP protection don't tend to be popular with business
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Companies don't pay taxes for their employees, that's
               | some bs. They pay part of their social security cost,
               | which absolutely happens in the US as well.
        
               | Am4TIfIsER0ppos wrote:
               | To whom do they pay that "social security"?
        
               | manuelabeledo wrote:
               | Let me rephrase: there are no taxes paid for mere
               | employment; instead, taxation for social security is
               | shared between employer and employee.
               | 
               | Saying that governments "hide taxes from workers by
               | taxing the employer" is inaccurate at best. Taxation is
               | shared, and there aren't dedicated taxes for employers.
        
               | jokethrowaway wrote:
               | The net effect is that the average Joe reads his payslip
               | and just see his share of social insurance contribution -
               | and then complains that his employer his paying him too
               | little, without knowing how much social insurance his
               | employer is paying.
               | 
               | Hiding seems appropriate.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | in the US, W2 wage income tax withholding is more or less
               | invisible to the employee to the extent that most people
               | view their tax refund as a bonus rather than the tip of
               | the iceberg of taxes they've been paying. When you work
               | consulting with a 1099 you suddenly realize how much
               | money you need to fork over to feed the beast. (I suspect
               | changing this aspect of the law would really swell the
               | size of anti-tax political parties.) I point this out to
               | say it's not so simple as to say "who pays" what tax.
               | 
               | US retirement social security and unemployment insurance
               | and employer health plans may map onto european social
               | security costs paid by employers, but if the cost to
               | employers is variable wrt number of employees it would be
               | fair to call it "paying taxes for employees" (and
               | especially when you consider that in some continental
               | language families "for" and "per" are the same word ;)
               | because it has a very similar price elasticity effect on
               | the labor market
        
             | mkl95 wrote:
             | It's worse when you consider basic foundations of the
             | system such as healthcare have been declining for a while.
             | What are they even doing with all that money?
        
               | alex7734 wrote:
               | The same thing every government does: pocketing it or
               | spending it in whatever they think will give them the
               | most votes or influence.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-09-02 23:01 UTC)