[HN Gopher] A handy guide to financial support for open source
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A handy guide to financial support for open source
        
       Author : SenHeng
       Score  : 128 points
       Date   : 2022-08-29 09:12 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | svnpenn wrote:
       | I recently switched a couple of my projects to non-commercial:
       | 
       | https://polyformproject.org/licenses/noncommercial/1.0.0
       | 
       | I would recommend it to anyone, but it does have some drawbacks.
       | Notably, GitHub and the Go programming language refuse to support
       | it:
       | 
       | https://github.com/github/choosealicense.com/issues/1015
       | 
       | https://github.com/golang/go/issues/54683
        
       | ttcbj wrote:
       | Wow, very useful. Thanks for sharing this.
        
       | rapnie wrote:
       | See also prior HN discussion:
       | 
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15784448 (2017, 51
       | comments)
       | 
       | And this featured a couple more times, and some other related
       | links too:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=github.com/nayafia
        
       | ohiovr wrote:
       | I have a project I'd like to make available to all as open source
       | if I had some kind of contributor backing. I've had an inquiry
       | about it already. So I think the project could have value to
       | people looking to explore sounds of instruments in the orchestra
       | especially since it can be easier to get satisfying results with
       | the system I am working on compared to expensive and clumsy
       | systems already available.
       | 
       | The problem I have is that just putting the code out there hoping
       | that there would be interest is a bit like putting baby in an
       | orphanage hoping someone will adopt the project when I would have
       | to move on from it anyway due to no money coming in from other
       | sources.
       | 
       | I love free software and my entire software world IS free
       | software now with pretty much no exceptions. I'd like to
       | contribute back to a community that has given me access to some
       | of the best software I've used to date.
       | 
       | But I'm poor, hard to employ, and have skills or strengths that
       | are in an unusual combination.
       | 
       | I like Ton Roosendaal's approach with Blender. I've been
       | following his story since the late 1990s when I was using
       | Lightwave 3D. I bought his book and tried to use his software but
       | could not figure out what to do with it at the time. I think the
       | book was unprofitable for him as it was expensive to make. But I
       | observed his software get more and more powerful to where I am
       | finding it easy to use Blender today. I don't know if Ton has
       | financial difficulties I sure hope not but it seems he has some
       | kind of support.
       | 
       | I'm not as talented as Ton. He could program great software
       | without the niceties of Stack Overflow and all the learning help
       | I have now.
       | 
       | But because of the talents of so many people I can make
       | reasonably good quality products from my software and have ideas
       | to make it a lot better than it is now.
       | 
       | I could do this over and over if I had backing.
       | 
       | How did curl and wget make it? And so many other tools that are
       | simply taken for granted.
       | 
       | I really want to have creative control of the development of my
       | software and I really don't want to see Adobe or Amazon to snatch
       | it up, package it, and sell it as a service under my nose making
       | tons of money where I am hoping to find enough work to pay my
       | electric bill and subsidized rent.
       | 
       | The framework I'm building could be adapted to so many different
       | ways of making melody, harmony, and rhythm. There are thousands
       | of files from great composers that don't get much play time which
       | can sound very interesting in instrumentation that they weren't
       | written for. The software can be a great way to explore
       | composition style and get ideas.
       | 
       | Although it can offer sonic realism I don't want the software to
       | replace human performance. I really want it to be a starting
       | point for developing new compositions worthy of being performed.
        
       | pomber wrote:
       | My approach with Code Hike (https://codehike.org/) was to add a
       | sponsor-wall to some parts of the docs, not sure if it falls
       | under any of those categories. It's working decently well ($600
       | per month).
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > https://codehike.org/demo/scrollycoding-preview
         | 
         | > The code of this demo is hidden until it reaches five
         | sponsors.
         | 
         | > Become a sponsor for $9 a month to have full acces to all
         | demos:
         | 
         | Maybe I misunderstand, but I could either pay $9/month and
         | would be able to access it directly, or I wait until you get 5
         | more sponsors (for that specific page) and then I'll be able to
         | access the content for free, like everyone else?
         | 
         | So if I end up sponsoring the page to view it, I could end up
         | being the fifth sponsor, unlocking the page for everyone and
         | ultimately spent the money for content that now everyone can
         | view too?
        
           | svnpenn wrote:
           | yeah, whats wrong with that?
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | Probably would get much better results if it said "$50
             | bounty for this demo" or whatever, and collected pledges of
             | any amount, instead of hoping for exactly 5 whales to show
             | up.
             | 
             | And making a subscription makes the value prop even more
             | confusing.
             | 
             | Seems like an own-goal.
        
           | pomber wrote:
           | that's right
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | That's quite an interesting approach. And congratulations on
         | getting Meta to sponsor your project. Even if they are only
         | giving you $9/month it must still feel like quite the
         | validation.
        
           | pomber wrote:
           | Thanks. Meta made a generous one-time donation via Open
           | Collective https://opencollective.com/codehike
        
         | ohiovr wrote:
         | Good software needs no docs.
        
       | qwerki wrote:
       | This list is maintained by Nadia Eghbal of "Working in public"
       | fame. Great summary of the different mechanisms.
       | 
       | I'm working on something in this space. Would love some feedback.
       | Putting final touches to it at https://thanks.dev. The concept is
       | "my donation should distribute across my dependency tree".
        
         | pabs3 wrote:
         | There are a lot of competitors in this space, everything from
         | for-profits like Open Collective to non-profits like snowdrift
         | (which isn't live yet).
         | 
         | https://opencollective.com/ https://snowdrift.coop/
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | You ate my back button on iPhone and I couldn't return.
        
           | qwerki wrote:
           | Apologies for that. I've disabled the default redirect to
           | /home for now so that shouldn't happen anymore. Will figure
           | out the correct solution asap. Thanks for letting me know!
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | window.location.replace
             | 
             | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43838496/redirect-
             | with-j...
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | Could use links to the following:
       | 
       | * https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html.en
       | 
       | * https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html
        
       | mholt wrote:
       | I want to submit a PR to remove Caddy from the "open core"
       | category... or at least add it to several other categories which
       | helped make it possible for me to work on Caddy full-time. Open
       | Core did not work for us (hence the link to the retrospective).
       | 
       | At first it was a donation button, then an award from Mozilla
       | (MOSS) -- kind of like a grant but they emphasized it was not
       | technically a grant, probably for legal reasons -- that gave my
       | college student self 6 months of runway while I finished school.
       | Then I continued worked on Caddy while in graduate school, until
       | I got hired by Ardan Labs to design and launch Caddy 2. That
       | ended just before the launch of Caddy 2, when ZeroSSL acquired
       | the project and to this day I rely on sponsorships from ZeroSSL,
       | Stripe, and several other sponsors to work on Caddy full time.
       | 
       | "Sponsorware" doesn't really apply to us, but there are
       | definitely features and fixes that have been possible because
       | sponsors funded the work.
       | 
       | We offer some paid support too, but that's pretty time-intensive
       | and doesn't pay the recurring bills, just one-off contracts.
       | 
       | I've rejected venture capital because it's not the right path for
       | me or the project IMO.
       | 
       | Anyway, I wrote about my recommendations for funding open source
       | projects here: https://matt.life/writing/the-asymmetry-of-open-
       | source
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | How do you feel working full time on a tool, and not using the
         | tool (which presumably is why the tool is valuable)? It's not
         | just a paycheck, obviously. You could earn more working on
         | something else. Did you just get "hooked" on an originally you
         | project?
        
           | mholt wrote:
           | Good questions.
           | 
           | I use Caddy often. Even some of the features coming out next
           | month are based on my own needs. So that's a plus: it's not a
           | project that's irrelevant to me.
           | 
           | True, I could earn more at a large or VC-backed tech company.
           | But the flexibility of working on something of which I'm the
           | world expert is quite satisfying and is paying the bills for
           | now, so I'll probably ride this wave as long as I can or want
           | to.
           | 
           | Building something from the ground-up and exerting so much
           | effort to make it the best in its class has been
           | invigorating, so you could say I got "hooked" on it. (But I
           | do reject the notion that it's "my baby" as some people refer
           | to it. It has over 300 contributors by now and I'm not sure
           | I'm even the top code committer at this point.)
        
             | svnpenn wrote:
             | > I'm not sure I'm even the top code committer at this
             | point
             | 
             | you are, by a lot:
             | 
             | https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/graphs/contributors
        
               | mholt wrote:
               | Over all time, yes, but look at the last ~year: https://g
               | ithub.com/caddyserver/caddy/graphs/contributors?fro...
        
       | Grimburger wrote:
       | > Restricted licenses (reminiscent of the older shareware
       | movement) are not open source
       | 
       | I can look at the code. Seems open enough to me [ducks from
       | tomatoes].
       | 
       | People play the semantics game on this a lot but the source is
       | viewable/available/stealable by anyone who wants it. Hackers can
       | find bugs to either exploit or notify the maintainers of and
       | people can modify it to better suit their needs. Legitimate
       | businesses will buy a license if it is of worth to them, I doubt
       | you'll find many that are overpriced for their value.
       | 
       | The fervent animosity towards dual free non-commercial/paid
       | commercial licenses in the foss world has always puzzled me. In
       | the end it is source code readable by anyone yeah? What would you
       | actually prefer, it stays locked up forever?
        
         | dec0dedab0de wrote:
         | _The fervent animosity towards dual free non-commercial /paid
         | commercial licenses in the foss world has always puzzled me. In
         | the end it is source code readable by anyone yeah? What would
         | you actually prefer, it stays locked up forever?_
         | 
         | The animosity comes from being tricked into vendor lock-in with
         | "free" samples.
         | 
         | I would much rather have a paid free license than a zero cost
         | non-free license. I'm always surprised more
         | corporate/enterprise software doesn't take this approach. Have
         | it be a full open source license, but only distribute the
         | source to companies that pay for support contracts. Of course
         | your paying customers could turn around and redistribute it,
         | but most companies are risk adverse and would rather buy from
         | the vendor. If you really can't handle some people using your
         | new code for free you could have it be proprietary for a year
         | or three then revert to AGPL or whatever FLOSS license you
         | prefer. (which was mentioned in tfa)
        
           | Grimburger wrote:
           | > The animosity comes from being tricked into vendor lock-in
           | with "free" samples.
           | 
           | Care to name one of these lock-in licenses specifically
           | rather than generally?
           | 
           | > I would much rather have a paid free license than a zero
           | cost non-free license.
           | 
           | As someone who earns money from opensource software used by
           | both companies and individuals I really have no idea what
           | this actually means. Care to elucidate for the rest of us
           | what a "paid free" or " zero cost non-free" license is?
           | Literally just an example link to one of those types of
           | licenses is all I'm asking here.
        
             | pabs3 wrote:
             | Paid free would be where you pay for an app and get the
             | GPLed source code along with the binary.
        
             | dec0dedab0de wrote:
             | _> The animosity comes from being tricked into vendor lock-
             | in with  "free" samples.
             | 
             | Care to name one of these lock-in licenses specifically
             | rather than generally?_
             | 
             | It's not the licenses, it's the tactics they allow.
             | Microsoft giving away Office to schools for so long is why
             | so many companies use it today. They are afraid of teaching
             | their employees something new, so they don't even consider
             | it. Because everyone realizes this, there is little
             | competition.
             | 
             |  _As someone who earns money from opensource software used
             | by both companies and individuals I really have no idea
             | what this actually means. Care to elucidate for the rest of
             | us what a "paid free" or " zero cost non-free" license is?
             | Literally just an example link to one of those types of
             | licenses is all I'm asking here._
             | 
             | I thought I was pretty clear, but I guess not. When I said
             | "zero cost non-free" I meant any software that doesn't cost
             | money, but does not give users freedom. An example would be
             | Microsoft Edge. When I said "paid free" I meant software
             | that costs money, but does give users freedom. An example
             | would be RHEL, it was still free/opensource code but they
             | only let paying customers download it from their servers.
             | I'm not sure if redhat still works this way after the
             | changes they've gone through since IBM, but that was their
             | thing for a long time.
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | > _it is source code readable by anyone yeah? What would you
         | actually prefer, it stays locked up forever?_
         | 
         | False dichotomy.
        
         | EarlKing wrote:
         | What they would prefer is that you continue to offer up your
         | unpaid labor that they can then use to build fortunes upon. It
         | is no accident that businesses are happy to encourage "open
         | source" so long as that means "make us stuff we can use to make
         | money with without paying you a dime". "Open source" has never
         | meant you couldn't charge for your work or otherwise impose a
         | noncommercial use restriction on it, though the OSI and its
         | pro-corporate partisans have gone to great lengths to claim
         | otherwise (much like they like to pretend the invented the term
         | and/or the concept).
         | 
         | At the end of the day I don't work for free, and I'm pretty
         | sure you don't either, so if you want to get paid for what you
         | do then make them pay you. The End. Full stop. HAND. TYVFM.
         | FOAD. Etc. Ad nauseum. Anyone who says otherwise should not be
         | engaged but simply told to get lost... because if they want
         | Free Shit then they know where to find it.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | Open source is never about you working for free or not being
           | able to charge money for shit.
        
             | EarlKing wrote:
             | The OSI thinks otherwise:
             | 
             | > 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
             | 
             | > The license must not restrict anyone from making use of
             | the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example,
             | it may not restrict the program from being used in a
             | business, or from being used for genetic research.
             | 
             | -- Source: https://opensource.org/osd
             | 
             | They've been pushing this line for decades.
        
             | itrollpussies wrote:
             | I see OSI version of open source as forced labor, the best
             | I can do is open source my work, meaning make the source
             | code open source, people can use it for free but as soon as
             | you want to commercialize my work, you gotta pay.
             | 
             | If you anyone is about to say that isn't open source, well,
             | there is nothing you can do about it, sorry
        
         | ohiovr wrote:
         | It breeds animosity if a open source software project closes
         | the doors to the original developers who intended the project
         | to be free software. Plex is an example.
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | What use is accessible code if you're not (legally) allowed to
         | do anything with it? It's a bit like having an all you can eat
         | buffet but you're not allowed to eat the food only look.
         | 
         | I agree that there is one upside though, there's a chance the
         | code can be used again after collapse of civilization when we
         | find that someone made a backup.
        
           | Grimburger wrote:
           | > if you're not (legally) allowed to do anything with it
           | 
           | You mean make money from it? You're allowed to anything you
           | can imagine for private purposes.
           | 
           | I was specifically talking about dual non-
           | commercial/commercial licenses above.
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | Non-commercial licenses are by definition not open source.
        
               | svnpenn wrote:
               | thats a semantic argument. "source available" is in
               | practice the same thing as "open source", unless you are
               | a business trying to make money off free software.
        
             | LtWorf wrote:
             | > You're allowed to anything you can imagine for private
             | purposes.
             | 
             | Not legally, no.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | I can think of one immediate example: Auditing it.
           | 
           | Open source means you can read the source code, which is a
           | very powerful tool at your disposal.
        
             | teddyh wrote:
             | > _Open source means you can read the source code_
             | 
             | Note: It doesn't _only_ mean that.
        
             | ohiovr wrote:
             | I have over 750 thousand files in my root file system. I've
             | never audited any of them. What about the libraries I use
             | for my personal projects? Crosses fingers..
        
           | ohiovr wrote:
           | Does Unreal Engine make their source inspectable and
           | modifiable?
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | > The fervent animosity towards dual free non-commercial/paid
         | commercial licenses in the foss world has always puzzled me. In
         | the end it is source code readable by anyone yeah?
         | 
         | Yes, but I cannot for example use it if I received grant to
         | develop open source application.
         | 
         | Maybe above is overly cautious. Buy I have enough legal
         | uncertainty with dealing how to tax grant income, I do not need
         | more of it.
         | 
         | I would instead appreciate license even more toxic for
         | corporations than GPLv3 - which would not block use by small
         | players.
         | 
         | > What would you actually prefer, it stays locked up forever?
         | 
         | The problem is that it is usually alternative to free
         | software/open source - not completely secret code.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | > I would instead appreciate license even more toxic for
           | corporations than GPLv3 - which would not block use by small
           | players.
           | 
           | Something like the Reciprocal Public License?
           | https://opensource.org/licenses/RPL-1.5
        
             | svnpenn wrote:
             | RPL still allows commercial use, so you might as well just
             | use GPL
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | It's all about finding or creating something that is actually
       | scarce, unlike the open source software itself:
       | https://journal.dedasys.com/2007/02/03/in-thrall-to-scarcity...
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | Uh, wow, ok. What don't people get about this? If a good is
         | non-rivalrous and non-exclusive (or close to it), it's kind of
         | tough to get people to pay for it, so you have to find
         | something else they'll pay for.
        
       | pabs3 wrote:
       | More resources for paid open source work:
       | 
       | https://github.com/fossjobs/fossjobs/wiki/resources
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | How do you become financially independent by developing your own
       | Open Source project?
       | 
       | Short answer --- in most cases you don't.
       | 
       | To earn enough money to survive, most have to do something other
       | than software development --- like provide a service, provide
       | support or sell a non-open version. Becoming a charity (a
       | software panhandler) is an option but most can't survive this
       | way.
       | 
       | Down vote if it makes you feel better but the most obvious, basic
       | fact remains --- open source devalues the work of software
       | development --- and is thus self limiting. Do it long enough and
       | financial reality will intrude and convince you that you need to
       | do something else.
        
         | nvln wrote:
         | If you have an itch to scratch, and you are really good at
         | scratching that itch, and if many have that itch or will get
         | it, OSS will open a lot of doors for you. If you can build a
         | OSS-ish company like supabase or n8n, good for you. But you
         | stand to win anyway.
         | 
         | It's not as cut and dried as direct compensation for effort or
         | time, but with some luck, you will get to places that a regular
         | job may not take you.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | _If you can build a OSS-ish company like supabase or n8n,
           | good for you._
           | 
           | Notice that one of the first things you'll find at the very
           | top of these company's web sites is *Pricing*.
           | 
           | These are primarily service providers --- with a limited/non-
           | tested/demo/??? version of the source available --- mainly
           | for marketing purposes.
        
         | beecafe wrote:
         | Software is trivial to make, it should rightly have no value.
        
           | j1elo wrote:
           | That's like saying that words are trivial to write, so books
           | have no value. While it's trivial to write an "if", it's not
           | trivial to know how to write a lot of "ifs" to make an IA
           | that people find useful. And _that_ knowledge is where the
           | value of software resides.
        
           | JustSomeNobody wrote:
           | > Software is trivial to make...
           | 
           | ... after one has developed countless man-years obtaining
           | knowledge of how to solve complex problems.
           | 
           | Actually, you know what? Still not trivial.
           | 
           | It's _easier_ for people with the desire to do this type of
           | work. It 's _easier_ depending on the domain.
           | 
           | But it's not "trivial".
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | Have you ever developed software?
           | 
           | It consumes the most precious, valuable thing you will ever
           | have --- your time.
           | 
           | Time is more valuable then money --- you can always get more
           | money but you can never get more time.
           | 
           | *Your* time may not have any value --- but mine does.
        
             | beecafe wrote:
             | Everything takes time. Something has (exchange) value if
             | you get given something of value in exchange for it.
             | Something has (intrinsic) value if you value that thing
             | itself to give value in exchange for it, even if nobody
             | else would give it any exchange value. This could be due to
             | scarcity, sentimentality, or rarity.
             | 
             | Unless you're deeply sentimental about the software you've
             | produced, it has no value.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | Look up the term "public good".
        
               | jqpabc123 wrote:
               | _Everything takes time._
               | 
               | Everything that takes time costs money. Why is software
               | an exception?
               | 
               | Try telling a carpenter or an auto technician he
               | shouldn't be paid for his work time because "everything
               | takes time". How did software developers take a left turn
               | at reality?
               | 
               |  _it has no value._
               | 
               | I really don't care as long as people pay me for it.
        
         | silent_cal wrote:
         | I am so grateful for open source software because it is a huge
         | sacrifice for someone to develop it for free when they could
         | easily charge for it, and would be totally justified in doing
         | so.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | Sure, if someone wants to make the sacrifice, by all means go
           | for it.
           | 
           | But the point is that everyone needs some financial return on
           | their work in order to survive. And a sacrifice may not be
           | the best plan to obtain it.
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | > open source devalues the work of software development
         | 
         | Deprices, not devalues.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | Tomato, to-mato.
        
         | ohiovr wrote:
         | Software has no intrinsic value. It is harder to convey value
         | of any kind unless it makes life easier somehow. But soon it
         | gets replaced in a cascade of new solutions from the future
         | that are hard to predict.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | So you're telling me that my software doesn't make life
           | easier for my clients?
           | 
           | It's pretty obvious that they disagree; otherwise, they
           | wouldn't pay me. My bank account has the proof to the
           | contrary.
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | That's extrinsic value -- the value is derived not from the
             | software itself, but from the gain in quality of life it
             | gives your clients.
        
             | ohiovr wrote:
             | It is hard(-er) to convey value of any kind unless it makes
             | life easier somehow.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | What software doesn't make life easier? Why would such
               | software ever get built?
        
               | ohiovr wrote:
               | Adobe Flash and Actionscript 3.0. As for why actionscript
               | 3.0 was made it was built I think Adobe wanted to turn
               | Flash into an application programming language. And it
               | failed pretty badly at this. Actionscript 2.0 had a well
               | defined purpose that is to control animation. But
               | Actionscript 3.0 became a monster that imposed a lot of
               | work to do those basic things and it really did not excel
               | at anything beyond that.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Why does anyone use them if they don't make life easier?
               | 
               | They must do, otherwise nobody would use them.
        
               | ohiovr wrote:
               | Because they are or were fooled like me.
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | Your comment is incomplete, because in most cases you don't
         | become financially independent by developing your own
         | proprietary project.
         | 
         | Most proprietary projects also need to do something other than
         | software development, including providing support.
         | 
         | Also, software development itself devalues the work of software
         | development. That's what software libraries _do_. Around 1990 I
         | would use Borland 's graphics library, which came with the
         | compiler I bought, because it was better than what I could do,
         | and I had already paid for it.
         | 
         | That said, I agree that an open source _product_ is NOT an
         | effective way of maximizing wealth extraction. Even something
         | as simple as market segmentation, like discounts for students,
         | is difficult if that student can turn around and place it on
         | GitHub.
         | 
         | Other options, like an OSS project funded by being cost savings
         | to your employer (eg, to leave an expensive vendor, or to drive
         | the supplier prices down), are easier to get paid for, though
         | yes, also not enough to be financially independent.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | _because in most cases you don 't become financially
           | independent by developing your own proprietary project._
           | 
           | The last *job* I had was over 20 years ago.
           | 
           | And I am not alone --- I know others who have done similar
           | --- but _not_ by way of open source.
           | 
           |  _including providing support._
           | 
           | True --- but the difference is, I can actually *pay* others
           | to do most of this for me. My primary job is developing new
           | software.
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | Sure, and I made a living for 5 or so years selling open
             | source software w/ support.
             | 
             | The thing is, both of use are in the small minority.
             | 
             | Few software projects result in financial independence for
             | the original authors, open source _or_ proprietary.
             | 
             | After all, selling something in Apple's app store isn't a
             | sure way to earn money.
        
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