[HN Gopher] We don't know how the universe began, and we will ne...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       We don't know how the universe began, and we will never know
        
       Author : nsoonhui
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2022-08-27 13:29 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (backreaction.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (backreaction.blogspot.com)
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | But isn't Webb calling the BBT into question?
       | 
       | Even if we answer how it began there is still:
       | 
       | 1) Why
       | 
       | 2) What was there before that?
       | 
       | 3) And before that?
       | 
       | It's the rabbit hole only hallucinogens can close.
        
       | cdelsolar wrote:
       | Why is there even such a gigantic universe? Like what is the
       | purpose of it - why was there a Big Bang? If I really think hard
       | about these questions it makes me uncomfortable and anxious.
        
         | TrispusAttucks wrote:
         | I used to ponder this too much as a child. Why is there
         | something instead of nothing.
         | 
         | The most satisfying answer for me was that you must first
         | define nothingness. But the moment it's been defined
         | nothingness ceases to be. It seems to me at least that
         | somethingness (suchness) [1] and nothingness are cross-
         | reference negation of the other. So it can't be one or the
         | other but must be both.
         | 
         | This probably is not making an sense. Later I stumbled into
         | Buddhism [2] which seems to have this undefinableness as a core
         | of experienced reality.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/suchness
         | 
         | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | Why anxious? the answers to those questions, while interesting
         | and entertaining, aren't relevant to you today. Just be glad
         | you get to experience this tiny little part of the universe for
         | the brief time you're here.
        
           | cdelsolar wrote:
           | Is the universe gigantic enough and long-lasting enough that
           | my consciousness will come back in some form after I die?
        
             | hota_mazi wrote:
             | There is no evidence to believe that's true, so you
             | shouldn't believe it and assume that your current life is
             | all you have. Enjoy it to the fullest while it lasts.
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | Uncountably many will that differ from you by random degree
             | on uncountably many dimensions. How much like you do they
             | have to be, to actually be you?
             | 
             | Everybody reading this differs from you by only small
             | degree. You differ from yourself-of-yesterday by a
             | typically smaller amount, and -of-last-year by a less-small
             | amount.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | The universe is as big as it is because of the word size used
         | by the machine which runs the simulation. Most of it seems to
         | be 'wasted space' but that is just a consequence of the large
         | word size needed to have an accurate enough simulation.
        
         | hota_mazi wrote:
         | Why do you need a reason? Maybe there is no purpose. The
         | universe just is, period.
         | 
         | If you look at an ant, do you ask yourself "Why is this ant
         | here?".
        
         | drewolbrich wrote:
         | In a gigantic universe, it's statistically more likely that
         | something interesting like you will happen in it.
        
         | sparkie wrote:
         | > Why was there a Big Bang?
         | 
         | Big assumption to make there. The big bang is a theory and it
         | is not at all _proven_ to have happened.
        
         | nelblu wrote:
         | I read this somewhere else so it would be nice someone can
         | quote the origin, but think of it this way - you were dead for
         | billions of years before you were born, you weren't anxious
         | then. once you are dead you won't feel the anxiety again, so
         | why bother worrying about it now when there are a whole lot of
         | other things you can do.
        
       | suction wrote:
        
       | adaisadais wrote:
       | Is there infinite?
       | 
       | Tough for finite things to try and understand much less
       | comprehend such a simple and complex quandary.
       | 
       | What happens if there really is infinite no beginning and no end.
       | Or what if there is an Alpha and Omega - such a beautiful thing
       | to not understand.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I think that this is the TL;DR of the whole piece:
       | 
       |  _> So if you read yet another headline about some physicist who
       | thinks our universe could have begun this way or that way, you
       | should really read this as a creation myth written in the
       | language of mathematics._
        
         | kevinventullo wrote:
         | The key difference from religion being the word "could".
        
           | cwalv wrote:
           | We sometimes also rule out other ways it "could" have
           | happened, because they're further from our current paradigm,
           | or just harder (or maybe impossible) to verify. In this
           | sense, it may not be a "religion", but there is an element of
           | "faith"
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Faith is believing without objective evidence. Yet if there
             | is evidence of a possibility then there is no faith
             | involved.
        
               | cwalv wrote:
               | I wouldn't say that faith is believing without objective
               | evidence. It's believing without certainty
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | The Christian bible (Hebrews 11:1) and Merriam Webster
               | appear to disagree [0].
               | 
               | [0] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/faith
        
       | revskill wrote:
       | Thinking in microservice, the universe began as a monothlic, and
       | for scalability reason, it starts split into multiple galaxies.
       | 
       | In software engineering, we do have black holes, it's where the
       | code is a mess, untestable.
       | 
       | So, in conclusion, the universe were born as a dense mess, from a
       | "strange" matter , from there all basic physic atoms were born.
        
       | 734129837261 wrote:
       | "We don't know how fire comes to life, and we will never know."
       | 
       | "We don't know how to defend ourselves against beasts, and we'll
       | never know."
       | 
       | "We don't know how disease spreads, let's just hug it out, we'll
       | never know."
       | 
       | "We don't know how to fly like a bird, we'll never know."
       | 
       | "We don't know how to land the booster of a rocket, we'll never
       | know."
       | 
       | "We don't know how to cure that form of cancer, and we'll never
       | know."
       | 
       | What a ridiculous defeatist attitude. History has proven that, so
       | far, we've been very reliable at figuring out things that were
       | deemed impossible.
       | 
       | I'd say we already know. It would be infinitely arrogant of us to
       | think we're the originals. We're likely inside an inescapable but
       | observable simulation, inside a simulation, repeat for any
       | unknown number of times. That's probably how "the universe" (our
       | universe) began.
       | 
       | Our parent universes probably have far more complexities to them
       | that have been stripped from ours, for the sake of computational
       | simplicity. Perhaps the actual originals, or any of our parent
       | simulators, know exactly how the universe came to be. We might
       | figure it out, too.
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | What seems arrogant to me is to think that we, as human beings,
         | can know everything given time and space.
        
         | TaupeRanger wrote:
         | None of those things are impossible based on known physics.
         | Traveling backwards in time to observe the beginning of the
         | universe, and/or somehow existing outside the universe in order
         | to do the observation, is impossible. Could we learn new
         | physics that make it possible? Yes, but it is still a totally
         | different class of problems than the ones you listed. Those
         | were ONLY a question of knowledge. The problem at hand is a
         | question of both knowledge AND the laws of physics actually
         | allowing for that knowledge to be had. There was never any
         | reason to assume that we would be unable to cure a certain type
         | of cancer with the right knowledge alone.
        
         | kretaceous wrote:
         | I agree that the title is kind of defeatist and I'm not against
         | scientific research on finding the source of universe, heck I
         | optimistically hope humans find it within my lifetime. That
         | said, all your examples are really miniscule and dare I say,
         | easy, as compared to the scale of understanding the universe.
         | 
         | You present an interesting semi-fictional point on simulation.
        
         | pilaf wrote:
         | > We're likely inside an inescapable but observable simulation,
         | inside a simulation, repeat for any unknown number of times.
         | That's probably how "the universe" (our universe) began.
         | 
         | That's just deferring the question. If we're a simulation
         | inside a larger universe, then how did that universe begin?
         | Although I'd argue if we're in a simulation then we're still a
         | part of the host universe, even if kept in isolation, and it's
         | that host universe we should ultimately care about when asking
         | the big questions.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | "We will never know" is such a contradictory statement. On the
       | surface, it implies the limits of our knowledge while
       | simultaneously indicating that the author possesses the
       | omnipotence required to know what humans will learn throughout
       | the entirety of our future. Add it to your list of things to
       | never write.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | I think "fatalistic" is a better word than "contradictory". I
         | otherwise agree.
         | 
         | There are a lot of misconceptions about the Big Bang. The
         | Universe is a metric space. The "metric" part here is
         | deliberate, specific and technical. It really means that given
         | two points the metric can tell us what we call the "distance"
         | between them. Abstract maths deals with spaces that do and
         | don't have metrics.
         | 
         | The best explanation I've heard of the Big Bang is not that the
         | Universe originated from a single point but rather the metric
         | between all points in the Universe at the time of the Big Bang
         | was 0.
         | 
         | There's an open question about whether the Universe is finite
         | or infinite. I mean the actual Universe not the observable
         | Universe. This is almost a metaphysical question since we'll
         | probably never know.
         | 
         | We don't really know how gravity and space acts in such extreme
         | environments but with black holes (that we also don't
         | understand at the quantum level) we have plenty of examples of
         | admittedly less extreme but still exxtreme corollaries. It is
         | kind of mind-bending though. One description I read says that
         | time acts like space and space acts like time within the event
         | horizon. As in, you can see light entering the black holes
         | behind you but that's the past and we can view the past all
         | around us (eg distant galaxies are us viewing the past).
         | Towards the singularity is the "future" and we can no more see
         | that than we can see any future.
         | 
         | We, as sentient beings, have a difficult time comprehending
         | things beyond our existence. What I mean is that before we were
         | born, we didn't exist. After we die, we don't exist. We can't
         | really comprehend that intuitively because our perception of
         | the world is predicated on our cognizance. The past is easier.
         | Stuff happened before we were born. But now we do exist. So at
         | some point in the future we won't exist. How can you comprehend
         | your own lack of existence?
         | 
         | I feel in some ways similar about the Universe. Our
         | observations are predicated on concepts like "time" and "space"
         | that at some point didn't exist. How do you reason about the
         | lack of existence of space let alone time when everything we
         | know is predicated on that?
         | 
         | Still, I too feel like the author is too pessimistic about how
         | much more we can learn here. Assuming we aren't extinguished in
         | the next few centuries (which is actually more difficult than
         | it sounds at this point) we are going to be here for an
         | inconceivably long time. Given our understanding of the
         | Universe, that's likely to be >10^100 years. That's a long time
         | to figure stuff out.
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | Perhaps, if there is a God, he does not desire us to learn
         | about him by knowledge or by science, but by love for him and
         | seeking him out.
         | 
         | For who is man to say, that man must only learn about God
         | through objectively verifiable facts, because man said so?
         | Perhaps this God wants seeking. If we were born without eyes,
         | color would still exist, but we would never perceive it, and
         | how would we believe it if someone said it did exist?
        
           | Zigurd wrote:
           | Our knowledge of the cosmos, in just a few hundreds of years,
           | expanded from the Earth, Moon, planets and stars of the
           | firmament, a kind of cozy neighborhood, to that of
           | unfathomable numbers of galaxies stretching out to
           | unimaginable distances of space and time.
           | 
           | Strange that gods who were so occupied with matters on this
           | planet, who live in a nearby heaven up by the firmament of
           | stars, are also still credible candidates for "creator" of
           | the universe.
           | 
           | The real universe is so much more vast and so much more
           | strange than any scriptures had ever imagined. One could be
           | forgiven for excusing that underestimation of the universe as
           | a limitation of the imagination of man.
           | 
           | In other words, "the god of the gaps" has to keep finding new
           | gaps to fill, and the gaps are ever less tenable.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | You're taking an unbelievably literal interpretation of a
             | faith you don't believe in and literally projecting it on
             | to the parent comment as a form of criticism. Safe to say
             | that I don't think you can expect a response from them.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | My view of gods as being too small for the universe is
               | grounded in the history of religions. If the OP is making
               | up a new god for the newly discovered gaps, he faces no
               | such limitations.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | Right. You're grounding your statement in the view that
               | theology cannot evolve with the times, and that any claim
               | that it does is actually, in fact, a falsehood. That
               | itself is a major assumption on your part.
        
             | gjsman-1000 wrote:
             | Are they really less tenable? Because, if there be a God,
             | on the judgement day present in many of the religions we
             | know, he might point out that the sheer complexity of the
             | universe should be a sign of his existence. What are the
             | odds? Are the odds actually in favor of man's theory, or is
             | man desperately clinging to a theory to avoid him? Is it
             | actually good science as designed, or rather any excuse no
             | matter how implausible will suffice? Good science looks at
             | the odds and makes a conclusion. Bad science looks at the
             | conclusion and ignores the odds to bias towards a result.
             | 
             | Edit: Furthermore, this said God might point out on said
             | day the lack of any aliens, or other life, as another sign
             | that the universe was made for man, and nothing else, and
             | the sheer enormity of it should be yet another sign. For if
             | the universe was not large, would it be more easy to deny?
             | 
             | Edit 2: You might dismiss the above, and these aren't the
             | best arguments that could be formulated, but it is more to
             | show that your presupposition that a larger universe
             | disproves his existence is untenable.
        
               | 0134340 wrote:
               | >man's theory
               | 
               | Theism is man's "theory". Either way, we enter a paradox,
               | if you believe in gods then the theories of man
               | ultimately came from gods, ie, a perfectly logical system
               | only produces logical output.
               | 
               | This whole thread pretty much wound up like I predicted
               | while reading the article. Author implies with certainty
               | that science is uncertain in a specific field and it's
               | invaded by people certain of their beliefs in other
               | fields, ie, if science has a kink in it then gods exist
               | for certain.
               | 
               | For god of the gaps argument never fails to amuse me.
        
         | melling wrote:
         | Someone wrote an article so people can waste hours debating
         | this, accomplishing nothing. When will people learn?
        
           | throwoutway wrote:
           | Well there are some who claim to know, and will argue that
           | "it happened this way" when in reality it's a guess, based on
           | some assumptions, and measurements, fit to a model. We don't
           | know everything, and it's worth the contradiction to point
           | out the fallacy of those who postulate
        
         | benreesman wrote:
         | Hossenfelder is a polarizing figure. "Lost In Math" was a
         | thought-provoking book in the tradition of the other string
         | iconoclasts (Smolin, Woit, Rovelli, roughly "the Perimeter
         | crowd"). "Three Roads to Quantum Gravity" was the last general
         | audience book that Smolin did before he'd fucking had it and
         | did "The Trouble with Physics". Woit went straight for the
         | jugular with "Not Even Wrong".
         | 
         | These people have (for better or worse) burnt the ships with
         | the people of their generation who write grants and sit on
         | tenure committees.
         | 
         | Hossenfelder's pivot to "wildly over-credentialed pop-sci
         | YouTuber" is interesting. My gut flinch reaction is like,
         | "you're better than this", but... I have not walked a mile in
         | her shoes, and if this is an end-run around a corrupt job
         | market for particle/high-energy people who won't won't get on
         | board with The Landscape? Maybe more power to her.
         | 
         | I give that context so that people will know (my opinion on)
         | the backstory for why she's in an adversarial relationship with
         | The Academy.
         | 
         | The "will never know" phrasing might be unfortunate. But the
         | epistemological principle goes back to Hawking at least:
         | "asking what happened before the Big Bang or where it came from
         | is like asking what is north of the North Pole".
         | 
         | It's a fun thing to theorize about, but the Big Bang is almost
         | definitionally "the bound on observable causality". It's not a
         | statement about what we won't ever know, it's a statement about
         | what's _knowable_.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | The trouble with Hossenfelder isn't so much that she rejects
           | string theory, lots of people do that. No the problem is that
           | she's pivoted into declaring the entire enterprise of
           | cosmology and particle physics pointless, when she says
           | 
           | """How about you wait, and we talk again in 10 billion
           | years."""
           | 
           | this is not so much a joke as a thinly disguised a deeply
           | held conviction. There's no need for a secret cabal to
           | explain why someone who clearly thinks the job should not
           | even be done has trouble finding further employment in an
           | extremely harsh job market.
        
             | benreesman wrote:
             | You sound very knowledgable about this, so I guess I'm
             | mostly addressing any readers of this thread when I
             | recommend Lost in Math as a prerequisite for making that
             | judgement. Of the four I mentioned, it's the most personal
             | / autobiographical / reflective.
             | 
             | She's obvious pissed off, and that should be taken into
             | account when evaluating her assertions. Woit is _way_ more
             | pissed off, and probably the better mathematician. Smolin
             | seems like, sad and resigned more than angry, but he also
             | got a great gig wither Perimeter (which he might still
             | hold?), which has to soften the blow.
             | 
             | Frankly my layman's knowledge of all this is badly dated,
             | because after decades of avid interest going back to
             | childhood I got so dispirited about it I've kind of stopped
             | paying attention outside of a few bright spots
             | (Deutsch/Marletto have my rapt attention).
             | 
             | So I don't doubt you that lots of people reject Stringworld
             | now maybe even to the point of that being a fairly
             | mainstream view, but 10 or 20 years ago that was a CLM at
             | best and usually tenure-track suicide, and there's a whole
             | generation of people who did in fact operate under the
             | dictates of something that could, with a little poetic
             | license, be called a "cabal". Dismantling the scientific
             | method to admit the Landscape was, at least to an avid
             | outsider, dogma not long ago.
             | 
             | I'm enheartened to hear that people are starting to try new
             | stuff again, but it's not difficult for me to have sympathy
             | for people who just kinda gave up.
        
         | kosh2 wrote:
         | You can exchange "We will never know" for anything that we
         | currently think of as impossible then.
        
         | jjcon wrote:
         | And yet it is provable that there are things we know we can't
         | know
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/HeQX2HjkcNo
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | Define 'know'.
         | 
         | Is it something you have personally verified and found to have
         | been the case as you established the principles in play, or is
         | it (at the other end of the spectrum) that a science paper says
         | such-and-such and you read a summary on HN?
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | > _On the surface, it implies the limits of our knowledge while
         | simultaneously indicating that the author possesses the
         | omnipotence required to know what humans will learn throughout
         | the entirety of our future_
         | 
         | That's no contradiction though.
         | 
         | A contradiction would be "I know everything about X" and at the
         | same time "There's a limit to our knowledge of X".
         | 
         | It's no contradiction to claim that there are limits to our
         | knowledge but still claim to absolutely know Y about Z.
         | 
         | In other words, the idea that "there are limits to our
         | knowledge" is not incompatible with the idea that we fully know
         | this or that. You just mean that those limits only apply to
         | other things.
         | 
         | (Heck, in math we can even prove that some things can never be
         | proven, thus both implying limits to our knowledge and that we
         | know something with 100% certainty).
        
           | bumbledraven wrote:
           | > in math we can even prove that some things can never be
           | proven
           | 
           | No we can't. We can only prove that certain formal systems
           | cannot resolve certain statements. We might still invent
           | other formal systems that are acceptable to us and that _can_
           | resolve those statements.
        
             | lanstin wrote:
             | And for those other systems, iF they embed arithmetic, we
             | can effectively produce a statement that is visibly true
             | and which that other system cannot prove.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _We might still invent other formal systems that are
             | acceptable to us and that can resolve those statements._
             | 
             | That's irrelevant, though, because a mathematical proof or
             | a statement X is considered in the context of a specific
             | formal system (and any isomorphic system).
             | 
             | Proving that S can't be proven under formal system F will
             | always be true regardless if you are able to prove the same
             | statement in the formal system Z.
             | 
             | For example, you can't say "I just disproved that triangle
             | angles add to 180 degrees" just because you've proved they
             | add to more than 180 degrees under a non-flat surface or
             | non-Euclidean geometry.
             | 
             | People saying "triangle angles add to 180 degrees"
             | implicitly already mean "under Euclidean geometry and in a
             | flat plane". It's just left implied, because it's goes
             | without saying that they mean it within the system they
             | expressed the problem and did the proof in.
        
         | jackmott wrote:
        
         | DemocracyFTW2 wrote:
         | That's a very narrow reading of it. There's always an implicit
         | "to the best of our current knowledge" caveat with every sound
         | scientific statement. And it's true, to the best of our current
         | knowledge, we can never know what it's like inside a black hole
         | or very close to the time our universe began because the
         | physics that we know tells us no person or probe can ever go
         | there and come back to tell. If you're no so generous as to
         | accept the implicit caveat you just end up being fun at parties
         | because you go around and tell people to "never say never and
         | always avoid always".
        
           | 0134340 wrote:
           | That reminds me of her article, very narrow. She seems to
           | imply scientists, or at least scientific theories, implicate
           | certain universal origins when really they're implying "to
           | the best of our current knowledge". I think most everyone
           | that's scientifically literate, and you'd think it'd be
           | common knowledge among most of HN crowd, knows that
           | scientific theories of universal origins aren't certain but
           | here we have a whole article of the 'well awkshually' party-
           | pooping you're talking about. She does seem pretty certain
           | about uncertainty though which tells the tale that she's not
           | beyond the paradox either.
        
           | sigmoid10 wrote:
           | This just falls completely apart when you look at the history
           | of physics. Einstein for example is usually considered to be
           | one of the smarter people, and even he thought it would be
           | impossible to ever measure gravitational waves directly. He
           | simply could not foresee the future developments of quantum
           | mechanics, like lasers or squeezed light states. And yet here
           | we are. Even if the author was the best physicist in the
           | world (and if you look at her papers she certainly isn't by a
           | long shot), you should never trust any statement like that.
           | This is not just detrimental to science outreach (these
           | things capture young people's imagination after all), it's
           | also pointless to argue about them when we know that we
           | almost certainly just lack imagination ourselves. Noone alive
           | today can tell what will be possible in 100 years, period.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I hate this way of thinking. Einstein never thought that
             | it's impossible to measure gravitational waves, he just
             | couldn't imagine any way we could ever make instruments
             | precise enough to do so.
             | 
             | However, measuring the state of the singularity that
             | probably existed before inflation, or even more so,
             | measuring anything about how that in itself came to be, is
             | explicitly impossible given our current theories. As
             | impossible as building a space ship that travels faster
             | than light, or measuring the precise position and velocity
             | of a particle.
             | 
             | These are not technological issues: finding a way to do
             | them would mean a completely new paradigm in science. So
             | any paper that attempts to prove these things without
             | presenting a new paradigm is doomed to the "we will never
             | know" bag.
        
             | twiss wrote:
             | Sure, but that's an example of measuring something that's
             | happening now. It's not quite in the same category as
             | measuring something that happened 13.7 billion years ago.
        
               | sigmoid10 wrote:
               | Well, first of all these gravitational wave-creating
               | events happened billions of light years away and thus are
               | already a way to view the universe billions of years ago.
               | Going back and looking even further into the past is just
               | an example of what _seems_ impossible to us right now.
               | But in the grand scheme of things, we have no clue what
               | 's possible as evidenced by the history of physics. On
               | top of that, there are actually pathways towards
               | understanding things like string theory or the big bang.
               | Einstein by comparison was not disingenuous when he made
               | that statement, since the theoretical and experimental
               | work didn't even show a possible path to imagine the
               | future. Of course that doesn't mean that these other
               | things will pan out in the future (e.g. stuff like
               | astronomically-sized colliders or mathematical bottom-
               | up/top-down proof approaches), but saying that anything
               | we do today definitely won't ever work out, no matter
               | what, is either incredibly naive, misinformed or outright
               | slanderous towards these areas of research.
        
           | synu wrote:
           | I watched the video, and the sense I got was you don't need
           | to bother to read anything where scientists talk about having
           | figured out what happened at the beginning of the universe
           | because we can never know. This seems to explicitly exclude
           | the possibility that there could ever be a discovery you
           | might read about that would change that.
        
             | twiss wrote:
             | She explicitly says that the scientific method is
             | insufficient to give an answer to this question. So reading
             | anything written by scientists won't give a conclusive
             | answer. I think it's implicitly hinted that you might as
             | well read something by a religious person, or a
             | philosopher, or anyone with a random theory, as none of the
             | theories can be proven or disproven by the scientific
             | method, and so all of their answers will be equally
             | (un)satisfying.
             | 
             | It's theoretically possible that we'll one day find some
             | other method of finding out the truth (perhaps a god will
             | descend from the heavens and tell us? or perhaps we manage
             | to find a bug / exploit in the simulation?) but personally
             | I find it unlikely.
        
               | pronlover723 wrote:
               | She did make an appeal to simplicity, claiming that
               | simpler is better, and she stated that religious origins
               | are way more complicated so while they can't be proven
               | wrong, if you accept the idea that simpler is better then
               | religious explanations are unlikely to be true.
        
               | twiss wrote:
               | Yes, in the context of an example where the scientific
               | method does / did work, and provides a simple
               | explanation, namely evolution. Her argument is that in
               | the case of the origin of the universe, the scientific
               | method doesn't work, instead. That doesn't make the
               | religious "method" better, but also not worse.
        
               | bandyaboot wrote:
               | Honestly I find "it's unknowable" to be a pretty
               | satisfactory answer. Mostly because to me it points at
               | something that seems almost obvious the more I've thought
               | about it. Even if it were possible to see past the "Big
               | Bang", what possible reason is there to think that would
               | be the end of the rabbit hole? As mind bending as it is
               | to think that the trail is infinite, it's even more mind
               | bending to imagine that it's not.
        
             | DemocracyFTW2 wrote:
             | Well to quote user mensetmanusman: "Per thermodynamic
             | axioms, incompleteness is implied by the arrow of time and
             | information atrophy. This would imply an unknowable
             | beginning."
             | 
             | I think 'never' should be understood in this way--either
             | there's something wrong or fundamentally incomplete about
             | our theories, or we can not know certain things. Barring
             | groundbreaking advancements in understanding akin to
             | quantum physics and relativity theory, physics tells us so.
             | Since the papers discussed do not establish such a new and
             | testable theory but still go and discuss things current
             | science cannot access, they cannot taken to be science.
             | Doesn't necessarily mean they're wrong or uninteresting. I
             | don't think she excludes the possibility that a
             | groundbreaking discovery could be made that changes that.
             | But the papers were not written in a time that knows of
             | such a discovery.
        
               | synu wrote:
               | Ok, yeah maybe I could see that. But it's kind of a
               | confusing message - don't read or take this research on
               | this topic seriously, except in case some research on
               | this topic comes that you should read and take seriously.
        
               | bardworx wrote:
               | Per PBS SpaceTime, humanity has been able to recreate
               | conditions 0.000001 seconds after Big Bang (arbitrary
               | number), in particle accelerators. But to add an extra 0
               | would require the energy output of our universe.
               | 
               | The implication is that we simply don't have enough
               | energies to recreate similar circumstance in a particle
               | accelerator and we cannot "see" past microwave background
               | radiation. As such, as of now, there isn't a straight
               | path to understand the Big Bang further in any context.
        
               | tux1968 wrote:
               | A more charitable reading would be "appreciate that all
               | such theories are necessarily humble and limited; unless
               | the entire context of science and human understanding
               | becomes fundamentally and dramatically transformed"
        
         | jschveibinz wrote:
         | I see what you did there. ;)
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | Do you mean omniscience?
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | There's unknowable material real facts that nobody will ever
         | know though.
         | 
         | I read into one a few years ago when I was trying to find when
         | the last American slave died.
         | 
         | The problem is they were considered property so no
         | documentation or birth records were produced. The lack of
         | record keeping made this an impossible question.
         | 
         | The last documented one was in the 1930s but the last civil war
         | veteran died in the 1950s, surely there was some baby of the
         | 1860s that was born into the system that probably survived
         | until at least the Montgomery bus boycott or Brown v. Board.
         | 
         | But this is something I discovered is a factual statement
         | that's impossible to verify and will never be resolved.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | yibg wrote:
         | I don't know if the statement is correct in this case but in
         | general saying "we will never know" about a subject which we
         | have incomplete knowledge isn't a contradiction.
         | 
         | I can say, we will never know what the first human that got to
         | North America had for lunch on their 20th birthday, and I think
         | that's as true as it could reasonably be. Sure maybe we'll
         | invent a time machine or some other technology in the future
         | that invalidates it, but if you apply that logic then nothing
         | can ever be stated as a fact.
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | Furthermore there is the complication caused by ambiguous
           | problem statements. In your example, how we define the first
           | human that got to North America? Which immigration wave? What
           | if there were immigration waves that were completely wiped
           | out without leaving any effects of the subsequent
           | populations?
           | 
           | What is the 20th birthday? According to which calendar? (Leap
           | days etc)?
           | 
           | What is lunch? Not every people subdivide their meals in a
           | predictable way that you can pinpoint to what "lunch" is
           | 
           | Etc etc
           | 
           | EDIT: forgot the most obvious: define what counts for human.
           | It's not clear cut to distinguish boundaries between species
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | Furthermore if a human time travels back to the past and
             | then sets up shop and lives amongst the first humans, maybe
             | they are the first human? Semantics and ambiguity have a
             | way of making unspecific questions paradoxical
        
           | 0134340 wrote:
           | Very few things about the origins of the universe can be
           | stated as fact at this point so "we will never know" isn't a
           | "fact" either. Implied certainty on either side seems pre-
           | emptive.
        
             | yibg wrote:
             | I'm not questioning that part. I don't know if stating that
             | we'll never know about the origins of the universe is
             | correct. I tend to agree personally that it seems
             | premature.
             | 
             | All I'm saying is that making (nearly) absolute claims with
             | incomplete knowledge is not a contradiction.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | martinko wrote:
           | > I can say, we will never know what the first human that got
           | to North America had for lunch on their 20th birthday, and I
           | think that's as true as it could reasonably be.
           | 
           | if there is a large mirror a few hundred light years away we
           | might be able to see his lunch in the reflection ;)
        
             | omegalulw wrote:
             | Not necessarily. The signal-to-noise ratio drops the
             | farther you get away.
        
         | Inu wrote:
         | Depends on the field, Godel's theorems make claims of
         | impossibility.
        
         | throwawayacc2 wrote:
         | In full disclosure I haven't read the article yet, I will do so
         | after this comment. But reading, I just wanted to mention
         | something that sprang to mind.
         | 
         | Godels incompleteness theorem.
         | 
         | In that case, we know for sure that we will never find a list
         | of complete and consistent axioms for all mathematics. We do
         | not need omniscience for this, it's something we know for sure
         | we will never learn.
         | 
         | I think there are more examples, I remember one of my
         | professors mentioning off the cuff he believes P vs NP will
         | never be proven one way or another because it's most likely one
         | of those problems that simply don't have a solution. Or, maybe
         | the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is another example. We
         | know for sure there are limitations on the knowledge we can
         | have.
         | 
         | I don't think it's unfair to imply a limit to our knowledge.
         | I'm not saying the universe's beginning necessarily falls into
         | this category, I honestly don't know. But there are for sure
         | classes of problems that by their very nature cannot be known,
         | or cannot be known with certainty.
        
         | _aavaa_ wrote:
         | "Finite picture whose dimensions are a certain amount of space
         | and a certain amount of time; the protons and electrons are the
         | streaks of paint which define the picture against its space-
         | time background. Traveling as far back in time as we can,
         | brings us not to the creation of the picture, but to its edge;
         | the creation of the picture lies as much outside the picture as
         | the artist is outside his canvas. _On this view, discussing the
         | creation of the universe in terms of time and space is like
         | trying to discover the artist and the action of painting, by
         | going to the edge of the canvas._ This brings us very near to
         | those philosophical systems which regard the universe as a
         | thought in the mind of its Creator, thereby reducing all
         | discussion of material creation to futility." -- James Leans
        
         | Kranar wrote:
         | This is just about the most shallow critique of the article you
         | can make, and it's unfortunate it got so much attention.
        
       | Guy2020 wrote:
        
       | t6jvcereio wrote:
       | We will never know! Stop asking questions, that's not how science
       | is done!
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | I dont think we can get there.
       | 
       | First, we would need to solve time. I am not sure if we are able
       | to grasp it. Then we must figure out what happened at T-1 or T-2,
       | which I think will be simple once we understand time.
       | 
       | The theory creates a start and then explains the progress from
       | there. but not what caused it.
       | 
       | In theory of the cylinder than the universe travels to that is
       | good but it does not explain how everything came to be.
       | 
       | We have a simple to state problem. There was nothing, then there
       | was something.
       | 
       | Much like in Genesis ""And God said, Let there be light: and
       | there was light.""
       | 
       | Instead:
       | 
       | Science says there was a big bang and from that everything was
       | created. and we have figured out a model to explain (most) of the
       | evolution since the big bang. Which means we can say no god did
       | it.
       | 
       | But the way the story begins is in my opinion quite similar.
       | 
       | In one version god is used to explain what created us. Which then
       | leads to the question of who created god and to answer that we
       | need to figure out time.
       | 
       | (I am aware that there are equations that explain what was at t-1
       | or explain that there was nothing and even asking the question of
       | what was at t-1 is crazy. I do not have the background that could
       | allow me to understand the equations, but every which way you do
       | it you end up with a question of what started it, or what was
       | before what was the trigger to get it going.
       | 
       | Perhaps you can say that the universe has always been there,
       | forever, sometimes it shrinks sometimes it expands, and we have a
       | nice perpetuum mobile.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Why does there have to be time before The Big Bang?
         | 
         | IIUC, the hypothesis is that everything was packed into one
         | super-dense black hole.
         | 
         | Wouldn't there not be any time?
        
           | flatiron wrote:
           | The way we currently view time there was no time before the
           | Big Bang. No space = no time
        
         | conviencefee999 wrote:
         | Please stop construing your religious beliefs with sciences.
         | Sometimes the answer is simply we do not know.
        
           | CoastalCoder wrote:
           | The story's title isn't explicit about the means by which the
           | knowledge is gained, nor exactly which details are being
           | sought.
           | 
           | I think it's a mistake to treat the scientific method as the
           | only plausible source of knowledge. My opinion is obviously
           | based on a particular worldview, but so is a claim that the
           | only useful source of knowledge is the scientific method.
        
           | me_me_me wrote:
           | the god of gaps is more and more god of cracks
        
         | jahnu wrote:
         | > We have a simple to state problem. There was nothing, then
         | there was something.
         | 
         | Natural language is woefully inadequate to express these
         | issues, but believe it is a mistake to state the problem like
         | this. There can be no concept of "before" if there is a T0.
         | Perhaps the "why is there something rather than nothing?"
         | version comes closer to what we are asking.
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | to which the current best though unsatisfactory answer is
           | "because!"
        
             | Ralfp wrote:
             | Hawking's history of time actually anwsers this question
             | with ,,we don't know and don't have any information from
             | before big bang we can access to use in research".
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | Watching tons of PBS Spacetime the only theories oI see is that
         | Universes are constantly being created with different
         | properties, with an externally rare one having the right
         | conditions for life to be possible.
         | 
         | Still leaves the same questions as to why a bunch of universes
         | are being created or where the energy comes from.
         | 
         | End of day there isn't anything I've seen other then a true all
         | powerful God or equivalent being responsible.
        
           | jondeval wrote:
           | I sense you just expressing your view on the matter, but I
           | think that this is a very weak argument for God's existence.
           | It's completely plausible that we will at some point in the
           | future have good materialist explanations for the existence
           | of energy or the size of the multiverse etc.
        
         | me_me_me wrote:
         | Unlike in Genesis, the light was not created before sun.
         | 
         | Grafting god onto science by cherry picking things that were
         | guessed while throwing away all the incorrect statements is a
         | bit disingenuous, no?
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_epoch
           | 
           | That was around 9 billion years before the Sun.
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | Is this satire? Or are you literally being so literal?
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | the radius of the visible universe is about 14.0 billion parsecs
       | (about 45.7 billion light-years), while the age of the universe
       | is 13.787 +- 0.020 billion years. I must have missed out on some
       | caveats to the speed of light.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | You did - space-time can expand with unbounded speed, and that
         | is what happened in the early universe. Remember that the big
         | bang is not some point in space-time which we are moving away
         | from, it is a point in space-time that has expanded to the size
         | of the current universe (and keeps expanding).
         | 
         | The speed of light is only a limit on how fast matter/energy
         | can move through space-time.
        
           | ksidudwbw wrote:
           | The speed of causation is also so unintuitive imo, but also a
           | must to make anything make sense logically. After watching
           | many hours of youtube i still cant wrap my head around it.
           | Say you're accellerating 1g forever you never reach the speed
           | of light for other observers.. Whats cool about gravity is
           | that the spacetime 'train tracks' are tilted slightly into
           | the earth so youre pulled down, but the earth is resisting
           | tou going into it. Just waving your hands around is the same
           | feel as playing with magnets
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I think the most intuitive explanation I've seen for _c_ is
             | that in fact everything always moves at a fixed speed, _c_
             | , in space-time - either through space or through time
             | (from past to future). You can neither increase nor
             | decrease your total speed, you can only change its
             | direction - the larger the space-only component is, the
             | smaller the time component is.
             | 
             | Additionally, mass deforms space-time such that a little
             | bit of your motion towards the future is directed to the
             | center of mass instead.
        
         | drran wrote:
         | You just discovered the Big Bug theory.
        
       | MichaelCollins wrote:
       | Ignoramus et ignorabimus.
        
       | ryaneckh wrote:
       | We may have a better understanding someday though.
       | 
       | Roger Penrose's Cyclic Universe theory is quite intriguing to me,
       | but unfortunately still doesn't answer the question if there was
       | an initial created universe or an infinite amount of prior
       | universes (aeons).
        
       | nyc111 wrote:
       | I'm happy for physics that finally someone from their ranks is
       | trying, at least trying, to say that cosmology is a hoax. I've
       | been writing this for ages. Here's one article I dug:
       | https://notlar3.blogspot.com/search/label/Big%20Bang
        
       | amriksohata wrote:
       | In Hindu scriptures there are many many universes that are
       | bubbles perspiring from a particular form of Vishnu as he lies
       | down. With each breath the universes are formed and destroyed,
       | for us the time is very very slow but at his level he is
       | literally breathing in and out and the bubbles come and go.
        
       | ISL wrote:
       | Never is a strong word.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | "The issue is that physicists can't accept the scientifically
       | honest answer: We don't know, and leave it at that."
       | 
       | This sentence jumped out for me. Is there some kind of crusade
       | going on that I have missed the beginning of? This feels like a
       | strange sentence in this piece and feels like a (misguided)
       | attack.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Sabine H. That's her horse.
        
           | Victerius wrote:
           | She's fantastic. She doesn't hesitate to call out the physics
           | community on its idiosyncrasies. She is a necessary check and
           | balance on the mainstream body of researchers.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | I'm increasingly sceptical. She's not in research anymore
             | but has found success running an "I know what I'm talking
             | about" contrarian blog.
             | 
             | If she was a software developer we'd rightly start to
             | wonder about grand pronouncements coming from someone no
             | longer practicing in the field.
             | 
             | When your market doesn't exist if you actually agree with
             | anyone, the incentives start to be questionable.
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | > She's not in research anymore
               | 
               | What are you talking about?
               | 
               | She is still publishing proper research papers as
               | recently as this month!
               | 
               | https://arxiv.org/search/?searchtype=author&query=Hossenf
               | eld...
               | 
               | Some people pick up weird ideas about her and I really
               | wonder why.
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | So you're right - Research Fellow at Frankfurt Institute
               | of Advanced Science [1]
               | 
               | However her broad ranging commentary which tends to take
               | the tone of "this field should listen to me but doesn't"
               | as is the case with this article (and a few others she's
               | done such as about the LHC[2] or black-hole information
               | loss[3]) leaves a sour taste in my mouth.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.fias.science/en/fellows/detail/hossenfelder-
               | sabi...
               | 
               | [2] http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2020/10/particle-
               | physicists...
               | 
               | [3] http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2022/04/i-stopped-
               | working-o...
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | She's basically a check and balance on public perception of
             | research, she isn't a particularly influential physicist
        
         | pygy_ wrote:
         | Yea, the intractable mystery is the existence of spacetime.
         | 
         | Whether time has an origin, and whether we can measure how
         | distant it is from us are questions that could be answered.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | Yes but you missed the beginning because the origin is almost
         | as old as the age of enlightenment.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_of_the_gaps
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | I think she justifies the "attack" towards the end of the
         | piece, where she talks about the many theories that purport to
         | explain how the universe began. Her point is that you can
         | always create a coherent mathematical model that "explains"
         | this, but since it is logically impossible to check it, you're
         | not proposing a scientific theory.
        
           | deepsquirrelnet wrote:
           | I don't often go looking in Astronomy or cosmology journals,
           | but I'd be surprised if either scientists were trying to
           | publish articles like that -- or if they were, that they
           | could pass peer review.
           | 
           | On the other hand, if you are working on theories that can
           | extend into the early universe, it's not unimportant to try
           | and figure out where the model breaks down. Maybe t=0 isn't
           | possible, but t=1s? 1ns? 1ps? How much can we feasibly
           | describe?
           | 
           | I'd argue that not exploring the limits of models is also bad
           | science. Knowing the limits is a fundamental part of
           | communicating a model.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | > I'd be surprised if either scientists were trying to
             | publish articles like that -- or if they were, that they
             | could pass peer review.
             | 
             | The article we're discussing itself even links to one such
             | paper [0]. All of the others she mentions are also
             | published works - Penrose's CCC [1], the ekpyrotic universe
             | [2], Hawking's no-boundary state [3] etc.
             | 
             | > On the other hand, if you are working on theories that
             | can extend into the early universe, it's not unimportant to
             | try and figure out where the model breaks down. Maybe t=0
             | isn't possible, but t=1s? 1ns? 1ps? How much can we
             | feasibly describe?
             | 
             | Sure, but this is a different thing. Many of these are
             | adding elements to the existing theories, and then predict
             | a new initial state given the modified evolution laws.
             | 
             | [0] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10714-021-02
             | 790-7
             | 
             | [1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.01740?context=astro-ph
             | 
             | [2] https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0103239
             | 
             | [3] https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07702
        
               | XorNot wrote:
               | The point of publishing those articles is...to publish
               | them though. Like, you have an idea, you write it up,
               | submit it and note that it can fit known data but isn't
               | currently testable. Done, and _important_. Maybe it goes
               | nowhere, maybe it inspires someone, but the point of
               | journals is in the name: they 're _journals_ of work in
               | the field, shared so the community can explore and
               | benefit from them.
               | 
               | They're not publications of "what is definitely true",
               | they are fundamentally explorations of what could be, or
               | the more important "this is kind of interesting where
               | could it lead?".
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | > note that it can fit known data but isn't currently
               | testable.
               | 
               | But the thing is, theories about the beginning of the
               | universe will never be testable, they aren't just not
               | _currently_ testable.
               | 
               | So, if your theory has no novel predictions about the
               | future, but it adds extra parameters to obtain a
               | different prediction about a past which exists beyond
               | what can be measured, then you're wasting your time
               | creating this theory, and wasting reviewers' and readers'
               | time publishing it; and you're wasting money researching
               | it.
               | 
               | This is what Sabine usually writes and complains about -
               | research money being spent on research that is at best
               | unlikely to bear any fruit, and at worst navel-gazing,
               | especially when there are very real problems in physics
               | that are not receiving significant research.
               | 
               | This is why she complains about people researching the
               | beginning of the universe, or black hole entropy, or
               | grand unified theories, or the hierarchy "problem", or
               | looking for supersimmetry or for WIMPs in ever larger
               | particle accelerators.
               | 
               | Instead, she wishes more people were researching the
               | measurement problem, non-linearity in quantum mechanics,
               | high-energy physics through radio-telescopes instead of
               | particle accelerators, to name a few things.
               | 
               | Now, I don't know anywhere near enough to say that she is
               | right, but I do believe she is not _trivially wrong_ ,
               | like you seem to be suggesting.
        
         | nfRfqX5n wrote:
         | from what i've read, physicists gladly accept what they don't
         | know and make a point to admit that
        
         | elevaet wrote:
         | The purpose of science is to try to understand the world. Even
         | if we never can answer how the universe began, I hope we never
         | give up trying.
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | Agreed completely.
        
           | ncmncm wrote:
           | The job of science is to tackle answerable questions. There
           | are lots of these not started on yet.
           | 
           | Maybe save the unanswerable questions for after.
        
         | Ygg2 wrote:
         | It's the honest answer.
         | 
         | Our best cosmological theory applied backwards results in
         | singularity. That's bad. See her droplet example.
         | 
         | According to maximally projected Penrose diagrams in
         | singularity time and space evert into the multiverse. You move
         | in time and space flows around you.
         | https://youtu.be/4v9A9hQUcBQ
         | 
         | And according to our other most successful theory, space-time
         | is divided into chunks. And boiling. Opposite of infinitely
         | divisible, smooth relativistic space-time.
         | 
         | Not to mention if we go with current astronomy theory, we end
         | up with unexplained dark matter and dark energy, that give
         | different answers depending on the methodology.
        
         | neffy wrote:
         | Early pixel blob analysis (I don't know a better way to put
         | this, check Figure 5 in the paper) from the James Webb:
         | 
         | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.09428.pdf
         | 
         | Suggests that the universe may be older than the Big Bang
         | theory predicts. There are a lot of qualifiers on both sides of
         | this, so I would suggest sitting back with some popcorn and
         | enjoying the spectacle of a lot of primate descended life forms
         | earnestly debating something that in many cases they couldn't
         | even be bothered to read up on.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | Haven't read the article but I remember some mentioning these
           | analysis are quite useless without spectra. Maybe someone
           | more knowledgeable can explain this.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | I can't open that link right now. If that's what I'm
           | expecting it to be, the abstract begins "Panic!" as part of a
           | disco pun?
           | 
           | If so: https://youtu.be/I7lxzS6K9PU
           | 
           | and: https://youtube.com/shorts/1S2CxPUZDOY?feature=share
        
       | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
       | I honestly never cared for Hossenfelder's science communication.
       | She's far too dismissive and dishonest in representing
       | theoretical views she disagrees with. And I don't necessarily
       | have the physics understanding to pick these biases out too
       | easily.
       | 
       | I think Sean Carroll for instance does a much better job at this
       | when he interviews people whose views he disagrees with in his
       | podcasts, which happens quite frequently.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | TheBlight wrote:
         | I have a similar difficulty in listening to her. I think she
         | does it to provoke interest but it has the opposite effect on
         | me.
        
         | koshnaranek wrote:
         | I enjoy it. There are a lot of communicators who shy away from
         | giving their own opinion about anything that isn't the
         | overwhelming consensus. They might be wrong after all. It is
         | refreshing to have somebody actually disagree with something
         | and then back it up.
        
           | green_on_black wrote:
           | It depends on what you mean by "back it up", especially
           | regarding rigor. The more "surprising"/disagreeable an idea
           | is, the more rigor we (or at least _I_ ) expect of the
           | arguments.
        
         | UmbertoNoEco wrote:
         | agree but be aware carroll swings way way way way to the other
         | extreme especially about the pet theories he happens to like:
         | multiverses ; the everett interpretation of qm ;boltzmann's
         | brains and so on
        
           | mtlmtlmtlmtl wrote:
           | Yes, he's opinionated. But he regularly interviews people who
           | disagree with him and does a good job at both asking them
           | hard questions and helping them explain their own view. And
           | when he does agree with them, I think he does a decent job at
           | playing devil's advocate and challenging their position.
        
         | emerged wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | aurelien wrote:
       | This universe became just in universes bubbles explosion. One
       | day, we will be able to determine which of the marbles of
       | universes in the universes bag of marbles collide to create this
       | one new marbles. Sciences is here to go further, not to stop
       | thinking at the edge of one way of think.
        
         | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
         | Ok, then how did the "marble bag" came into existence?
        
           | yesco wrote:
           | It arose from the dream of a flying space turtle
        
       | kevinventullo wrote:
       | Maybe it stops being science and starts being math, but I don't
       | think that means we should discourage people from doing it. That
       | said, I am sympathetic to an argument that we may not need to
       | _fund_ such inquiries.
       | 
       | "We will never know" sounds overly pessimistic to me; I could
       | imagine someone from the 10th century claiming we will never know
       | the trillionth prime number.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | I think that the evolution of physics has actually been a
         | series of discoveries of new things that are _impossible_. We
         | used to think that many things were possible if only we knew
         | the right spell, or invoked the right god, or just worked hard
         | enough.
         | 
         | Then as people studied nature more thoroughly and
         | systematically, they started observing laws that simply can't
         | be crossed - conservation of energy, conservation of momentum,
         | the increase of entropy , the limited speed of causality, the
         | uncertainty principle - to name some of the bigger ones. All of
         | these have put limits on something we used to think of as
         | unlimited.
         | 
         | There are many more non-existence proofs in math as well - so
         | even in pure math, you can't escape this accumulation (probably
         | the most famous such problem, one long attempted that
         | ultimately proved impossible, is "squaring the circle", or in
         | modern terms, the fact that pi^n is irrational for any rational
         | n).
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | > "We will never know" sounds overly pessimistic to me; I could
         | imagine someone from the 10th century claiming we will never
         | know the trillionth prime number.
         | 
         | There are tons of stuff we as human beings we'll discover and
         | be pretty confident about it. There are other things we'll
         | never know. I think that's part of being human, to know our
         | limits.
        
       | folsom wrote:
       | I am sure all pot smokers know the answer. The observable
       | universe is in a much larger universe with many like itself.
       | Sometimes universes collide and form a new universe. There is an
       | infinite stack of these much larger and much smaller universes
       | (more like a fractal tree actually); some are hot and some are
       | cold but even cold universes can collide make a hot universe.
        
         | lioeters wrote:
         | Soma drinkers, lotus eaters, born-again mushroom enthusiasts..
         | We know how the universe began, trillions of different ways.
         | Creativity and imagination are as much part of fundamental
         | physics as quarks and entropy.
        
         | draw_down wrote:
        
       | luis8 wrote:
       | We will know at the end of it and we will recreate it.
       | 
       | Or at least I hope that's the outcome
        
       | dominojab wrote:
        
       | papito wrote:
       | Just say "unlikely to". Leave some room for success, bruh.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | And guess what: it doesn't f*ing matter.
        
         | deanCommie wrote:
         | It's true. Nothing "matters".
         | 
         | Alternatively, and secularly: It may be the ONLY thing that
         | matters.
        
       | gibsonf1 wrote:
       | What if it never began and has simply always existed? That is the
       | likely scenario, as the moment you think about it beginning, you
       | again face beginning from what? What was that called before the
       | universe other than the universe?
        
         | skissane wrote:
         | If the universe is infinitely old - well, what's the
         | probability that, untold (yet finite) aeons ago, a planet
         | existed just like this one, in which history unfolded in
         | exactly the same way, even the pettiest details of our lives
         | being _precisely_ the same? I think the probability is
         | arbitrarily close to 1 - not just that our lives have happened
         | exactly the same before once, but an arbitrary - even infinite
         | - number of times - and we should expect will again in the
         | future. Would it follow that Nietzsche was correct in his
         | doctrine of eternal recurrence?
         | 
         | But if there exist an infinite number of copies of myself, all
         | exactly the same - why should I consider myself to be any one
         | of them individually, as opposed to all of them equally? If
         | they are all the same, are they not identical? In which case -
         | the past isn't infinite after all - rather time is finite and
         | circular.
         | 
         | Another way to put it - any finite spatial volume must contain
         | finite information (see the Bekenstein bound) - hence can only
         | exist in a finite number of distinguishable states. Given
         | infinite time but only a finite number of possible states to
         | visit in them, it has to visit the self-same states again and
         | again - an infinite number of times
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Well, there's also the possibility that the universe occupied
           | some single state (say, the singularity posited by the big
           | bang theory) since t=-inf to some t0 when it exploded, and
           | that the dynamical laws are of such a nature that it can
           | never return to that state.
           | 
           | Right now, the prevailing model of cosmology (lambda-CDM)
           | basically says that the universe can never return to an
           | earlier state, as it is constantly expanding (and that
           | expansion is accelerating). In this model, the universe has
           | an infinite number of possible states, and is in fact
           | guaranteed to never visit a previous state, even though it
           | has an infinite future ahead of it.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > Well, there's also the possibility that the universe
             | occupied some single state (say, the singularity posited by
             | the big bang theory) since t=-inf to some t0 when it
             | exploded
             | 
             | What's the actual difference between these two positions:
             | 
             | (A) the universe was in state X for an infinite amount of
             | time, then suddenly transitioned to some other state Y
             | 
             | (B) time began at t=0 with the universe in state X, and it
             | immediately transitioned to some other state Y
             | 
             | They seem effectively identical, with seemingly no way for
             | us to tell them apart. (B) seems simpler than (A), so by
             | Occam's razor we ought to prefer it to (A), unless we have
             | some specific reason not to. What could such a reason be?
             | Well, I suppose (A) might lead to simpler mathematics.
             | However, in actual fact, I don't believe that's true; and
             | even if it were, it still might be reasonable to conclude
             | that the "infinite static before-life of the universe" was
             | just a mathematical artefact, without any physical reality.
             | 
             | Other problems with this view: (i) time is usually
             | understood as a succession of instants which are somehow
             | distinct - could an infinite succession of instants, all
             | exactly the same as each other, actually count as "time"?
             | (ii) why, if the universe had existed forever in a single
             | state, did it suddenly transition to a new one? That seems
             | harder to explain than the universe just existing with a
             | finite past.
             | 
             | So, I think an infinite past only really makes sense if the
             | infinite past involved an infinity of distinct universe-
             | states - which I think might lead to the consequences I was
             | suggesting.
             | 
             | > In this model, the universe has an infinite number of
             | possible states, and is in fact guaranteed to never visit a
             | previous state, even though it has an infinite future ahead
             | of it.
             | 
             | Let me present a variation on the Boltzmann brain argument:
             | the universe is vast, yet the volume of it which is
             | actually relevant to humans is quite small. Humans cannot
             | ever know or care about the state of the universe as a
             | whole, only that subsection of it we can somehow observe-
             | which is at most the observable universe; but, if we accept
             | the possibility (even only as exceedingly unlikely) that
             | nature is deceiving us (other galaxies don't really exist,
             | it is just randomly arranged photons which by amazing fluke
             | are exactly the same as what we'd observe if other galaxies
             | did), the knowable subsection could be a lot smaller. No
             | matter how stupendously unlikely such as scenario may be -
             | so long as its probability is not strictly zero, in an
             | infinite future, any constant non-zero probability is going
             | to converge to unity.
             | 
             | Consider the current state of this galaxy - does Lambda-CDM
             | guarantee that the universe will never visit a future
             | state, which contains a Milky Way-sized volume, whose state
             | is exactly the same as the state of this galaxy right now?
             | You can repeat the question for "solar system-sized volume
             | with exact same state as our solar system has right now" or
             | "Earth-sized volume with exact same state as Earth has
             | right now". Or a volume with the same size as the current
             | observable universe, and the same state as it?
        
         | blooalien wrote:
         | > "What was that called before the universe other than the
         | universe?"
         | 
         | If it was "before the universe" then it wasn't called anything,
         | because there was nobody here to give it the name "universe"?
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | Then we have a lot of explanation needed as to why entropy was
         | low and smooth between 13 and 14 billion years ago.
        
         | ksidudwbw wrote:
         | A random tear in infinitely dense nothingness. Might be a lucky
         | one-off
        
         | al_mandi wrote:
         | The universe provably did not always exist.
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | Our human brains cannot grasp the idea of "it simply always
         | existed".
         | 
         | Imagine a non-human being (e.g., "god", "beings from another
         | dimension", "beings from an advanced civilization", etc.)
         | telling us the theory of everything (with maths and all, if you
         | want), and the end saying: "btw, there is no origin, and no
         | end. Realiy has always existed". Do you think our scientists
         | (or any other kind of curious human being) will say "Alright,
         | got it. Won't keep investigating then. Thanks!". That won't
         | happen, our human brains cannot understand that concept, and
         | there will always be the "but how does it work?!"
        
         | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
         | Just because everything within this universe has some preceding
         | cause doesn't mean that the universe itself can't have a
         | beginning without anything preceding it.
        
           | jondeval wrote:
           | This is an interesting and important point. I'll attempt to
           | rephrase your point slightly differently:
           | 
           | Everything we observe in the universe has a sequence of
           | linear causes stretching backward in time. However we can't
           | be sure from these observations that Universe (or multiverse
           | or something similar) itself has been caused in a similar
           | way. -- I hope I got that right.
           | 
           | But is the physical universe (or multiverse or something
           | similar) that we experience a good candidate for the uncaused
           | base reality that just exists?
           | 
           | A good reason to think not is that universe is composed of
           | stuff and parts that change relative to each other. If
           | something changes, ie goes from potential to actual, then
           | there is something that is more actual, or more real, from
           | which we should be able to explain the change.
           | 
           | Another way to say it is that we may not know what base
           | reality is, but in order for it to be a good candidate for
           | 'the' base reality, it should be completely simple. And the
           | universe as whole, by all appearances, is quite complex.
        
       | LiberationUnion wrote:
        
       | liendolucas wrote:
       | Alright finally an explanation on why all the other explanations
       | work. To me the most convincing theory how the universe began is
       | this one: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=l4Wbb1cqubo
        
       | jondeval wrote:
       | My strong opinions, weakly held:
       | 
       | * God is not a good hypothesis for any secondary cause. The
       | creation of space-time as we currently understand it must have
       | had a secondary cause. Let's patiently keep looking for a
       | scientific hypothesis (theoretical or empirical) that is an
       | incremental improvement on what we already know.
       | 
       | * Religious people who conceive of God as the creator, believing
       | that the word 'creator' refers to the creation of the universe at
       | some point in the past, are completely misunderstanding the use
       | of the word and need to do some more homework.
       | 
       | * Non-Religious people should stop conflating 'metaphysical'
       | statements with religion. Can we agree that we need to make
       | metaphysical statements from time to time if we are having a
       | conversation to understand something 'about physics'?
        
         | jjcon wrote:
         | > Religious people who conceive of God as the creator,
         | believing that the word 'creator' refers to the creation of the
         | universe at some point in the past, are completely
         | misunderstanding the use of the word and need to do some more
         | homework.
         | 
         | Can you explain what you mean here - I couldn't follow
        
           | pronlover723 wrote:
           | I took it to mean "god is somewhere, you need to explain how
           | that somewhere and god themselves came into being"
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | "misunderstanding the use of the word"
           | 
           | Aka, I've used someone else's redefinition of the word away
           | from the vernacular understanding, to redefine it to support
           | my view of the world. See also "recession."
        
             | jondeval wrote:
             | Not quite. Although I fully understand the feedback. There
             | are 2 equally valid senses in which the word creator can be
             | used. Both conform to standard definitions but each used in
             | a different sense.
             | 
             | I tried to add clarity in the response above. Thanks!
        
           | jondeval wrote:
           | Sure. I'll try.
           | 
           | There are two senses to understand the word creator. I'll
           | illustrate both by analogies to the way 'we' create as
           | people:
           | 
           | (1) A violinist is creating the music that you are currently
           | hearing. Here and now in the present. (2) A painter created a
           | painting in the 19th century, and you can see the artifact on
           | the wall in a museum.
           | 
           | In the case of (1) the creator brings the song into being out
           | of nothing. More or less, don't squabble over sound waves.
           | :^). When the violinist stops playing, the music stops. Here
           | and now in the present.
           | 
           | In the case of (2) the painter finished the work 'at some
           | point in time' and we can have all sorts of interesting
           | conversations about when exactly the artifact was created.
           | Did the painter really paint it in the way some book said
           | that he did? Does the painter maintain any connection to the
           | painting after it's finished? etc.
           | 
           | You see, if the proper sense of the word creator is actually
           | (1). Then all discussions about (2) are distractions.
           | 
           | So, it's important to remember that, for example,
           | knowledgeable Christians refer to God as the creator in the
           | sense of (1). There may or may not be some interesting
           | discussions to be had about whether God is a creator in the
           | sense of (2) but they are conversations about secondary
           | causes, and very much irrelevant to God's existence and the
           | role as the primary cause.
        
             | maleldil wrote:
             | > knowledgeable Christians refer to God as the creator in
             | the sense of (1)
             | 
             | How does this relate to the idea of creation in 7 days?
             | Doesn't it imply that creation is something that happened
             | in a particular point in time (ie the first 7 days in
             | time), like (2)?
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | > So, it's important to remember that, for example,
             | knowledgeable Christians refer to God as the creator in the
             | sense of (1)
             | 
             | I am very curious why you think that - given that the Bible
             | and all common teachings of it that I've ever seen very
             | explicitly define God as the creator in the second sense
             | (Genesis very clearly describes past events - not just Let
             | there be light and so on, which could be taken as metaphors
             | for every day dawning, but also Adam and even and all of
             | their descendants, which are described and were understood
             | throughout history as ancestors, not metaphors). The Jewish
             | calendar is even numbered since the year of creation.
             | 
             | Also, while I'm now atheistic, I received at least basic
             | Eastern Orthodox education in school, and the very explicit
             | notion there was that God was the creator of the universe;
             | I also know modern Catholic teaching explicitly names God
             | as the cause of the Big Bang itself, or whatever else
             | science finds to be the mechanism by which the observable
             | universe formed.
             | 
             | Also, while many do accept the possibility of miracles,
             | even some commonly recurring miracles (like the
             | transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of
             | Jesus Christ during Holy Communion during every Sunday
             | Mass), the working of the natural world is accepted as
             | ordained by God, but not personally directed by Him - this
             | is quite explicit at least in Catholicism and Orthodoxy,
             | where any direct intervention of God on Earth is seen as a
             | miracle, usually related to a Saint.
             | 
             | Note: I am not saying that there are no Christians that
             | believe what you are saying, or that it somehow runs
             | counter to Christianity. I am only saying that I don't
             | think it is a common understanding of Christianity, even
             | one limited to more literate/knowledgeable Christians; e.g.
             | I don't think the Pope believes what you are saying.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | On this note, did you know that the official age of the
         | universe is 432 x 10^15 seconds and the diameter of the
         | universe 7 x 432 x 10^15 light-seconds? An amazing coincidence.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | > So if you read yet another headline about some physicist who
       | thinks our universe could have begun this way or that way, you
       | should really read this as a creation myth written in the
       | language of mathematics.
       | 
       | I thought that was very insightful. Today people try to pawn of
       | all sorts of opinions as "science" by covering them with the
       | language of science.
        
       | akprasad wrote:
       | But, after all, who knows, and who can say       Whence it all
       | came, and how creation happened?       the gods themselves are
       | later than creation,       so who knows truly whence it has
       | arisen?            Whence all creation had its origin,       the
       | creator, whether he fashioned it or whether he did not,       the
       | creator, who surveys it all from highest heaven,       he knows
       | -- or maybe even he does not know.
       | 
       | -- _Nasadiya Sukta_
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasadiya_Sukta)
        
         | eis wrote:
         | What is the supposed insight? Seems just regular confusing
         | religious babble with no substance
        
           | ratsmack wrote:
           | >religious babble
           | 
           | Why is religion held in such contempt when there is so much
           | science that is just as much "babble", but held in high
           | regard?
        
             | michaelmrose wrote:
             | Basically because whereas some science will ultimately turn
             | out to be useless malarkey ALL of religion is useless
             | malarkey that we have been dealing with for thousands of
             | years. Worse than not adding value such "babble" has been
             | at various times a bulwark for all sorts of evil men and
             | backwards looking philosophies. Some of us are tired of
             | society being held back for the sake of old men's words
             | given unearned weight by being backed by the weight of
             | lies.
        
             | eis wrote:
             | I think the ratio of babble to sound reasoning is much
             | better in science than in religion. That being said, there
             | is also a lot of science babble and we should call it out
             | and try to keep it at a as low amount as possible.
             | 
             | The core tenets of science are pretty sound. Religions are
             | based on a lot of completely made up stuff. They are not
             | 100% bad of course. But we seriously can do much much
             | better than that.
             | 
             | I think there is a reason why the concept of religions
             | evolved. They might have been an important tool in early
             | societies. But they are very very old tools and I don't
             | think we need them anymore. They come with too many
             | dangerous problems.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | >But they are very very old tools and I don't think we
               | need them anymore.
               | 
               | The societial problems that once solved by religion is
               | worse than ever. It is true that current religions cannot
               | solve it, because they have been "fact checked" out by
               | the new religion of "science" with scientists as the new
               | holymen, but that is a separate discussion.
               | 
               | The point is, we need a solution to those problems more
               | than ever, but we truly cannot hope to find one.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | Science is not a religion. Scientists are not holymen as
               | evidence by the constant questioning of their theories by
               | other scientists. That's the whole thing science is
               | about! Relentless checking of hypothesis through
               | experiments that match reality.
               | 
               | I agree strongly with you that we need a solution to
               | these problems as currently we don't have one. I disagree
               | though that we cannot hope to find one. Hope dies last :)
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > Religions are based on a lot of completely made up
               | stuff
               | 
               | Did you survey all religions to make such claim? And it's
               | not like you don't need axiomatic bases that need to be
               | accepted as is to base science on. There's a lot of "I
               | think" and assumptions in your post that are not backed
               | up by evidence, and some even contrary to reality.
               | 
               | This is a good starting point to expand your horizon:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=If3cNUixEBM
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > Did you survey all religions to make such claim?
               | 
               | That is the definition of religion. They are believes
               | that relate to supernatural beings and sprituality. They
               | cannot be proven or disproven.                 > And it's
               | not like you don't need axiomatic bases that need to be
               | accepted as is to base science on.
               | 
               | Correct, there are axioms - assumptions - which the rest
               | of the logical system is based upon. Same as for example
               | in Mathematics. The assumptions are much more reasonable
               | than for example assuming there is a God because they
               | result in expirically testable predictions.
               | 
               | I have started to watch the video you linked to, I have
               | not finished it yet but the beginning was pretty good and
               | the presenter seems well spoken. But by about minute 10 I
               | already noticed a lot of logical fallacies. He is
               | (rightfully maybe) accusing certain famous people in
               | history of wrong logical arguments but then he quickly
               | makes the same plus a lot of ad hominems thrown in for
               | good measure. For example the claim that the "four
               | horsemen" of science think that replacing mosques and
               | synagogues into starbucks would make society all peaceful
               | is frankly just ridicolous. Then he immediately follows
               | it up by claiming if there is no religion then there is
               | no morality. This is completely baseless. I am not a
               | religious person but I do have morals. I'm not running
               | around trying to torture people just because I don't
               | believe in a supernatural being. I'm going to watch it in
               | full because listening to the other side of an argument
               | is the best but I have to say this talk is going south
               | very fast IMHO :(
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > They are believes that relate to supernatural beings
               | and sprituality. They cannot be proven or disproven.
               | 
               | That's not 100% true. There can (and is) proof and
               | evidence for validating religious claims. You're
               | conflating belief in the unseen (with evidence) with
               | blind faith without evidence, those are two different
               | things.
               | 
               | > I am not a religious person but I do have morals.
               | 
               | He mentions that non-religious people can have morals
               | later in the lecture.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > That's not 100% true. There can (and is) proof and
               | evidence for validating religious claims. You're
               | conflating belief in the unseen (with evidence) with
               | blind faith without evidence, those are two different
               | things.
               | 
               | Any religion who claims there is a God does not have
               | proof of such. If there was real experimentally testable
               | and unambigous proof than scientists would need to accept
               | that.
               | 
               | What does belief in the unseen with evidence mean?
               | > He mentions that non-religious people can have morals
               | later in the lecture.
               | 
               | So he is contradicting himself then. I'm now at minute 30
               | but there are so many logical fallacies it's really hard
               | to watch.
               | 
               | The example with the kid asking why the mother is boiling
               | water and apparently science not being able to explain
               | the "why" ("because I love you") or the reason of why the
               | universe exists: he then turns around and just claims
               | religion can give you the correct answer which clearly it
               | can't because there are different religions that would
               | give you possibly different answers and they can't all be
               | right at the same time.
               | 
               | He claims science cannot "prove" emotions or other
               | workings of our brain. Well I think we're getting closer
               | and closer to understand how the brain works. We already
               | know that emotions are in part controlled by substances
               | like hormones. We don't know 100% of it but we're working
               | on it.
               | 
               | He further goes on to claim that science cannot provide
               | morality. He again gives no evidence of this. Why can't
               | we derive morals from logical scientific arguments?
               | 
               | Another claim is that science could not explain why
               | someone would go and help a drowning kid. Once more no
               | evidence. How about us being evolutionary programmed to
               | keep our offspring alive to increase chance of the
               | survival of our species? Just earlier to that he claimed
               | animals have no morals. But that is the exact same
               | behaviour that animals are showing...
               | 
               | I can't also follow the argument about science needing to
               | find all possible combinations of DNA mutations that show
               | the transition from apes to humans. Why does it need to
               | show every minute step? How does that show religion is
               | correct instead?
               | 
               | The constant flood of strawmans is impressive at least.
               | I'm at minute 30 and not sure if I will comment more on
               | it, it is very tedious because there is just such an
               | enormous amount of illogical argumentation.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > he then turns around and just claims religion can give
               | you the correct answer which clearly it can't because
               | there are different religions
               | 
               | His point is that experimental science is not in the
               | domain of answering "why" in that sense. It's a
               | metaphysical problem outside the realm of science. The
               | question of finding which religion is true is a separate
               | issue. You don't want to fall in the genetic fallacy when
               | making such an argument.
               | 
               | > Well I think we're getting closer and closer to
               | understand how the brain works.
               | 
               | No one is saying we shouldn't work on it. But this sounds
               | like the "science of the gaps" argument that atheists
               | make fun of theists for using when the former claim "God
               | of the gaps" fallacy.
               | 
               | > Why can't we derive morals from logical scientific
               | arguments?
               | 
               | Show me how. He talks about how different cultures agree
               | that certain things are acceptable and others aren't. And
               | he gave the example of harming or sacrificing children.
               | If we agreed tomorrow that such practice is ok, in a
               | secular society there is nothing prohibiting such action.
               | 
               | In Islam, we have something called the Fitrah, a natural
               | disposition to certain things, such as acting "good" (we
               | need a benchmark for that obviously, but in a Judeo-
               | Christian Western world, it's quite obvious), or the
               | innate belief in a Creator. This falls under that, and
               | animals also have instincts.
               | 
               | I think you're missing the forest for the trees. He
               | states the argument at the beginning, and then gives
               | examples. You don't have to agree with each and every
               | example, but the point stands.
               | 
               | Experimental science cannot answer things beyond what it
               | is designed to do.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > His point is that experimental science is not in the
               | domain of answering "why" in that sense. It's a
               | metaphysical problem outside the realm of science. The
               | question of finding which religion is true is a separate
               | issue. You don't want to fall in the genetic fallacy when
               | making such an argument.
               | 
               | That is a wild claim. Science is very much in the domain
               | of answering "why". Science is selfcontious enough to
               | know it can't answer everything. Religion claims the
               | answer "why" but there is tons of claims without proof
               | and often impossible to disprove and so a very sneaky
               | tool. I don't know what genetic fallacy you are refering
               | to.                 > No one is saying we shouldn't work
               | on it. But this sounds like the "science of the gaps"
               | argument that atheists make fun of theists for using when
               | the former claim "God of the gaps" fallacy.
               | 
               | As I said, he claims science cannot explain emotions
               | without providing any evidence whatsoever and anyone who
               | is following science even a bit should clearly see that
               | it seems entirely possible that we will be able to
               | understand it all. He wrongfully accuses science and uses
               | this accusation to make us seek the answer in religion
               | instead. Terrible.                 > Show me how. He
               | talks about how different cultures agree that certain
               | things are acceptable and others aren't. And he gave the
               | example of harming or sacrificing children.
               | 
               | I gave you an example. Protecting children serves an
               | evolutionary goal. We can find more logic scientific
               | reasons for this behavior. The presenter then brings an
               | example of standing up for an old lady in the bus.
               | Equally here we can make arguments like "if people behave
               | this way then it will increase their own quality of life
               | when they are older". A young person giving up their seat
               | is a minor inconvenience to them but the gain for the old
               | person is much bigger because they might experience a lot
               | more relief when sitting down. This behavior could be
               | explained as an optimization of quality of life of the
               | society.
               | 
               | If different cultures agree on certain acceptable
               | behaviors then that hints at other reasons than religion
               | because different societies have different religions.
               | Which one is the right one?                 > If we
               | agreed tomorrow that such practice is ok, in a secular
               | society there is nothing prohibiting such action.
               | 
               | Again logical fallacy. There is nothing inherintly
               | preventing a religious society from commiting atrocious
               | acts as evidenced by religious sacrifices. What if we
               | agreed tomorrow to form a religion which required that
               | red haired kids be sacrificed by the age of 10? How is it
               | being decided by a religious group any different from a
               | secular group? Your claim that a secular group can't have
               | morals is absurd and baffling.                 > In
               | Islam, we have something called the Fitrah, a natural
               | disposition to certain things, such as acting "good" (we
               | need a benchmark for that obviously, but in a Judeo-
               | Christian Western world, it's quite obvious), or the
               | innate belief in a Creator. This falls under that, and
               | animals also have instincts.
               | 
               | If we behave similar to animals in some regards is it
               | that we do that because of our instincts or do animals
               | have religious believes? If Islam has some rules that
               | make you behave well then that's great. But it does not
               | mean that you need Islam to behave well.
               | > I think you're missing the forest for the trees. He
               | states the argument at the beginning, and then gives
               | examples. You don't have to agree with each and every
               | example, but the point stands.
               | 
               | I don't think so. I bring arguments and explanations why
               | his claims don't hold water and his examples are not
               | evidence for his claims. If you want then we can go more
               | into some specific examples.                 >
               | Experimental science cannot answer things beyond what it
               | is designed to do.
               | 
               | Once more: that science cannot explain something is _NOT_
               | evidence for any other random unprovable explanation like
               | the existance of a god.
               | 
               | I would btw like to ask you: would you agree that some
               | parts of Islam might be wrong or do you believe it is
               | 100% correct?
        
               | eis wrote:
               | I finished it now. It did not get any better. Most of his
               | arguments can be boiled down to "science can't explain
               | that so it must be god". No.
               | 
               | Towards the end he shows a lack of understanding of
               | statistics. He claims if any infinitesmally small change
               | to the laws of nature would have caused an uninhabitable
               | universe then it must have been specifically designed the
               | way it is. He brings several examples that actually are
               | all the exact same argument.
               | 
               | The mistake here is that he assumes that there was only
               | one random try at creating this universe and that we
               | cannot have been sooo extremely lucky. There is no reason
               | to believe that there was only one try. What if there
               | were a large number of tries? If all the other tries
               | resulted in uninhabitable universes then of course us
               | being in the lucky version must make us think this was
               | not random chance.
               | 
               | Example: ask a large number of people to flip a coin ten
               | times. Eventually you will reach someone that actually
               | flipped ten times heads in succession. What would that
               | guy think? Clearly that's not a normal coin and you
               | designed the whole thing to be like that because what are
               | the odds of him flipping ten times heads? He does not
               | know about the other thousand people you had play this
               | game that didn't get ten times heads.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > There is no reason to believe that there was only one
               | try.
               | 
               | Exactly what he mentions in his talk, on what are you
               | basing this belief? It's a metaphysical claim that is
               | outside the realm of science. You just proved his point.
        
               | 0134340 wrote:
               | It seems like he's wanting to borrow science or at least
               | some logic when it supports his argument but when it
               | comes to the gods, he wants to say they exist outside of
               | science and logic. This is a common argument and it's not
               | ultimately falsifiable, ie, 'I say it's true because you
               | can't prove otherwise'. And so too do invisible flying
               | fairies exist who render themselves outside the realms of
               | science due to magic pixie dust.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | Erm, what? I _disproved_ his point. He claims because us
               | being in this unlikely universe is proof for a design.
               | No, it 's a logical fallacy as I outlined in the example
               | of flipping coins. The video presenter is the guy who
               | flipped 10 times heads and claims "See! God made this
               | happen!" Can you please point to the exact time in the
               | video where he mentions multiple tries? That would
               | contradict his own point about the low chance and hence
               | design.
               | 
               | He _assumes_ there was only one  "flip of the coin".
               | There is zero reason to assume this and so his whole
               | argument falls because when his assumption does not apply
               | then mathematics tells us there is absolutely nothing
               | special about finding ourselves in that "unlikely"
               | universe because actually when taking a step back it
               | isn't unlikely, it is pretty much guaranteed - completely
               | without anyone designing it that way.
        
               | mbg721 wrote:
               | Depends on the religion. Catholicism has many problems,
               | but you won't get far accusing it of being insufficiently
               | methodical.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | > I think the ratio of babble to sound reasoning is much
               | higher in science
               | 
               | You mean lower surely?
        
               | eis wrote:
               | Correct, I have edited the comment. Thank you.
        
             | al_mandi wrote:
             | Because they're following the religion of scientism.
        
               | nnoitra wrote:
               | And what's the religious viewpoint?
               | 
               | Some omnipotent being did it and he cares about the
               | sexual life of humans?!
               | 
               | That's bizarre as well, better to just say that at this
               | point we don't know.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | You're straw manning when you say things like "cares
               | about the sexual life of humans". I highly recommend you
               | watch this to broaden your horizons:
               | https://youtu.be/If3cNUixEBM
        
               | nnoitra wrote:
               | There is simply put no evidence for the existence of God.
               | Neither philosophically nor rationally.
               | 
               | And it's not a straw man argument. God in Islam cares
               | about foreskins and sex and if you disbelieve in him he
               | sends you to hell for eternity.
               | 
               | Don't send videos tell me your arguments, you can speak
               | for yourself.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | Did you watch the video? You keep straw manning.
               | 
               | You expect a detailed and nuanced response in 1 paragraph
               | on HN?
        
               | nnoitra wrote:
               | No problem, here's my email: lumbdak@gmail.com.
               | 
               | If you are so sure then let's discuss it.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | You're simply trying to diverge from the discussion when
               | evidence is presented to you, by outright ignoring it.
               | The video I posted presents rational and philosophical
               | evidence (among others) for the existence of God.
        
               | judah wrote:
               | There is a great deal of evidence, philosophically and
               | rationally, for the existence of God.
               | 
               | The Big Bang, first theorized by theoretical physicist
               | and Catholic priest Georges Lamaitre, states the universe
               | sprang into existence 13.7b years ago; it was not eternal
               | as previously thought.
               | 
               | And we know from observation that everything that begins
               | to exist has a cause for its existence.
               | 
               | This suggests that the universe was caused. Since the
               | universe can't cause itself, its cause must be outside of
               | the universe. It must be immaterial; not made up of the
               | stuff of the universe. It must be timeless and not
               | governed by the laws of the universe. And it must be
               | exceedingly powerful to create all the energy that kicked
               | off the expanding universe with its billions of spinning
               | galaxies, stars, and planets.
               | 
               | A powerful, immaterial, timeless force outside of the
               | universet that caused the universe to exist. This points
               | to God.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | This is just a big bag of bad logic. It's going from
               | their may be other factors beyond our present
               | understanding of physics to their must be a being with
               | volition. It's like seeing the massive complexity of a
               | hurricane and from that deducing that Zeus must exist and
               | demands a goat on a certain Thursday every year to avoid
               | him blowing your crops away.
               | 
               | There is every reason to believe our present theories are
               | presently insufficient because this is a very hard topic
               | and no reason to believe that the universe is caused by
               | something immaterial or timeless much less something with
               | volition and purpose. There are multiple theories that
               | you could read about if you wish that require neither
               | cause nor volition.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | I think you're responding to the wrong poster, I accept
               | that God exists :-)
        
               | Zizizizz wrote:
               | The kalam is not a good argument
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDr3EnciHjw
        
               | eis wrote:
               | This reasoning does not hold up. Science does not claim
               | the universe needs a cause to come into existance. Your
               | premise is already wrong. Science tries to come up with
               | explanations for the observed reality in our universe. It
               | does not claim to know what is outside the observable
               | universe or what laws of physics exist or don't exist
               | there.
               | 
               | You follow the extremely common logical fallacy that
               | because you want there to be a reason for the universe
               | and you wanting there to be something before the universe
               | then that means there has to be a god?
               | 
               | A big leap based on unproven assumptions.
               | 
               | Who says time does not extend outside the universe?
               | Where's the proof that a universe can't cause itself? Why
               | can't it be governed by the same laws?
               | 
               | Science does not claim to have all the answers but just
               | then jumping to the conclusion that there has to be a
               | god? Nah.
               | 
               | What if there indeed was a God but is now gone? What
               | makes you assume that he cares about us and our morals?
               | What would he think of people that claim he has spoken to
               | them? Why would he create all the sickness and pain in
               | the world? Would it mean there's some extremely sick and
               | perverted being out there that just likes to watch
               | innocent women being raped? Clearly he could prevent
               | that. But then again why do religions assume that their
               | god is good willing? Clearly he can't be that with all
               | the shit going on because if he willed it into existance
               | then all that is on him.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | Science is not a religion. If scientism means thinking
               | that science is the best tool we have right now to
               | explain reality then I guess yea I'm pro science. But
               | it's very far from a religion.
               | 
               | BTW science does not claim to know it all or even be able
               | to know it all. In fact it is an important part of
               | science to find the limits of science.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | >Science is not a religion.
               | 
               | What is the difference between a holy man who _claims_ to
               | have the word of god, and a scientist who _claims_ to
               | have followed the  "scientifc method"?
               | 
               | Modern human _believes_ the latter. That is the
               | difference.
        
               | dr_hooo wrote:
               | You have to believe the claims of the former, while you
               | can verify the claims of the latter yourself.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32621532
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | The difference between the two claims is whether they are
               | verifiable.
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | I can't reply to the question I was asked, so I reply
               | here:
               | 
               | How many have I verified? I'm not sure of the #, but I've
               | verified much of classical physics, chemistry,
               | astronomical observations, and lots of things in
               | electronics (some of which rely on quantum mechanics) and
               | electromagnetism.
               | 
               | But as I said, they question is not whether you or I have
               | personally verified everything, but whether they are
               | verifiable in principle, by anyone. The claims of
               | chemistry, physics, astronomy, etc, are verifiable. The
               | claims of a holy man are not.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | > The claims of a holy man are not.
               | 
               | How come? The claims of holy men are verified by other
               | holy men.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | Tell me, how many scientific "claims" that you rely on a
               | day to day basis, have you verified personally?
               | 
               | Or How many such claims can be verified with a single
               | average person's limited resource?
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Why do you think that matters? You might as well ask
               | "what makes you trust your own perception when you verify
               | scientific claims"? As it happens, literally every time
               | you switch on a light you are, in fact, verifying
               | multiple scientific theories. Not to mention interacting
               | with your phone or computer to type your HN comments.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | >what makes you trust your own perception when you verify
               | scientific claims"
               | 
               | Because it is with my own perception that I sense the
               | rest of the world with it. So that is all that one should
               | care. Let me know if you don't get this. I ll elaborate..
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | One of main reasons the scientific method has been so
               | successful is because it forces us to challenge our
               | assumptions that our perceptions of the world are
               | correct.
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | See my sibling for my first reply.
               | 
               | My second reply is that it's important whether things
               | derived from two different claims actually work.
               | 
               | Make two hospitals: one which follows standard Western
               | medical practice, and the other which does not and
               | instead performs prayers over its patients. I can predict
               | which hospital will have better patient outcomes.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | > I can predict which hospital will have better patient
               | outcomes.
               | 
               | That is quite besided the point. The point being every
               | patient who goes there _believes_ the hospital us doing
               | western blah blah blah...
               | 
               | Let me simplyfy it even more. The common mans dependence
               | of "science" is based on beliefs. Just as it was on
               | religion at an older time.
               | 
               | That scientific method is more trust worthy, does not
               | make that dependence not based on belief. That is the
               | weakest link in the chain, and that link is common to
               | both science and religion.
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | You seem to have a view that the world consists only of
               | (a) people who claim things, and (b) people who believe
               | them, and that there's no difference between types of
               | claims.
               | 
               | The claim of someone who says they have the word of god
               | is hearsay and there's no way to figure out whether they
               | do or not. The claims of someone who says they've
               | followed the scientific method are verifiable by others.
               | If they claim that their experiments show tiny blue
               | tetrahedrons make up all matter, other people can check.
               | Nobody can check if god talks to the first person.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | And if "people" are limited by resources, say if someone
               | need an LHC to verify something..what really is the
               | difference...?
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | The difference is not only in whether they are
               | verifiable, whether they are verified, but also whether
               | things which are produced from them actually seem to
               | work. Religious claims fail at all three: they are not
               | verifiable, they have not been verified, and they don't
               | seem to work.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | Moving goalposts much?
               | 
               | > which are produced from them actually seem to work.
               | 
               | Oh yea, religeious things also _seem_ to work. For
               | example, prayers and other religeous offerings. That is
               | how these things survive so long.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | Proper religion and science do not disagree. I am a
               | person of faith (which is backed by evidence), and my
               | faith pushed us to seek knowledge. The Islamic Golden age
               | is a testament to that fact.
               | 
               | Scientism is not what you defined. From wikipedia (which
               | I take with a big grain of salt)
               | 
               | > Scientism is the opinion that science and the
               | scientific method are the best or only way to render
               | truth about the world and reality.
               | 
               | Watch this to get a different perspective on the matter:
               | https://youtu.be/If3cNUixEBM
        
               | nnoitra wrote:
               | Yes yes and sperm comes from between backbone and ribs.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | Sounds like another straw man (answer here by the way
               | https://youtu.be/rvrqwD4I9Nc). Did you watch the video I
               | posted earlier?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | Faith by definition isn't something which can be backed
               | by evidence otherwise it would by definition just be a
               | type of science. It would be the study of God via
               | experimentation, accumulation of evidence, and logical
               | extrapolation. There are religious folks that are big on
               | logical deduction and extrapolation but they all start
               | with terribly unlikely axioms pulled straight out of
               | their ass or equally made up fictions rendered sacred
               | somehow by the passage of time.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > Faith by definition isn't something which can be backed
               | by evidence
               | 
               | There is evidence backed belief in the unseen, and there
               | is blind faith. So your claim that by definition faith is
               | without evidence is not correct.
               | 
               | Secondly, even science needs to accept certain axioms as
               | a given so that we can build upon them.
               | 
               | Scientism is believing that the only way to arrive at
               | truth is through experimentation, which is a false view.
               | There are many things we accept, even though we cannot
               | prove them through experimentation.
               | 
               | Watch the lecture I posted to broaden your horizons.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | Science chooses minimal axioms and builds the flesh of
               | the world based on the existing bones ready to revise
               | when new bones are discovered.
               | 
               | Religion chooses a substantial set of axioms derived from
               | a mixture of philosophy and fantasy dreamt up by our pre
               | scientific ancestors who thought bad smells caused
               | disease then makes many forms of revision sinful. A set
               | of beliefs without ability to revise everything from the
               | ground up will forever be limited.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | Just because the sets are of different size does not mean
               | one is incorrect. You're also straw manning by talking
               | about pre ancestors and bad smells.
        
               | michaelmrose wrote:
               | It took him 8 minutes to actually set himself up to
               | actually start talking and the first thing that came out
               | of Dr Ali's mouth is a lie. He said of 4 prominent
               | authors promoting atheism that he described as the four
               | horsemen of atheism that their primary argument is that
               | god isn't good ergo god isn't real. This...just isn't
               | true. It's a gross reduction. I'm 8 minutes in and your
               | speaker's only substantial point is a lie.
               | 
               | Now we go on to a false rant about Islam being inherently
               | peaceful when it didn't arise in a peaceful time nor
               | promote what we would today think of as peace, atheists
               | being bigots, random comparison of atheism to
               | antisemitism. Some hate for the Beatles. Comparison of
               | Beatles fandom to satanism. I have to admit that this is
               | entertaining. Having someone smart enough to read books
               | and speak well while being absolutely committed to
               | falsehood is like watching someone dress up their dog as
               | a human being. The forms are there but not the substance.
               | 
               | People have been declaring society was going to hell in a
               | hand basket for at least the last several thousand years
               | and were we really going to hell we should have long
               | since arrived in perdition. It is common to mistake
               | change in social norms as decay instead of progression
               | because one who is anchored in a particular set of mores
               | and forms is unable to see the value in change. They
               | perceive only the losses and never the gains.
               | 
               | Your speaker declares that a fiction is the root of all
               | morality and I find myself unimpressed with his insight
               | because people hold all sorts of beliefs including none
               | at all and this seems positively uncorrelated with their
               | observed degree of morality and decency. He has it in
               | fact entirely backwards and the necessary fictions we
               | create to explain our world our rooted in our essential
               | nature as sympathetic and empathetic creatures. We look
               | at our fellow man and see the need to care about them as
               | we do ourselves and thus we elevate that concern to a
               | natural law and produce something better than ourselves
               | to defend it.
               | 
               | If we were inherently so lawless the need for law and
               | justice as each society understands it wouldn't flow so
               | effortlessly from our pens or spring so readily to our
               | minds.
               | 
               | The reasoning is simple we developed a mind too complex
               | for direct meta analysis of all its internal workings and
               | a need to work beside others of our own species as
               | complex as ourselves and the tools to understand and
               | predict their behavior works well turned inward.
               | 
               | We perceive the difference between a desired state and a
               | present state even if its not actually physically painful
               | as suffering and produce a society where at least an in
               | group minimizes suffering because its adaptive surely but
               | also because we live not in the world but in our own
               | heads in a model of the world constantly rewritten full
               | of individuals we imagine with the same tools we use to
               | imagine ourselves. If we destroy them or diminish them we
               | must necessarily live in an internal world wrought in
               | part of the blight we have brought about which we must
               | perceive again with the same internal tools we use to
               | experience ourselves. All evil and harm is self
               | mutilation.
               | 
               | For a being capable of sympathy and meta-cognition
               | morality would seem to come naturally even if the end
               | results differ wildly in thoughts, results, and methods.
               | Assigning it ex post facto to the god you created to
               | enforce it is the tail wagging the dog. It's illogical
               | because empathy came millions of years before your
               | particular species of god.
               | 
               | 13 minutes in and his argument seems to be that it would
               | be really bad if God weren't real ergo God then some
               | people who promoted atheism were bad dudes ergo we must
               | reject atheism. This mirrors the exact argument he first
               | falsely put in the mouths of his opponents and then
               | helpfully debunked.
               | 
               | Now we are suggesting that atheism suggests that survival
               | of the fittest be applied as a moral principal rather
               | than a description of the evolution of life on Earth.
               | This is a tired trope. If rabbits are different degrees
               | of brown and the browner guys blend in better and the
               | coyotes each more of the other fellows then more browner
               | rabbits will on average breed over time leading to
               | browner rabbits. Trying to apply this moralistically
               | towards human beings is both a misunderstanding of
               | humanity, ethics, and science. We don't need Jesus or
               | Allah to tell us this is a bad idea.
               | 
               | At 16 we segway into shitty parts of American history
               | with a sideline into why Muslims are better because they
               | don't kill women and children. Notably given the
               | religious make up of American leaders these actions were
               | largely perpetrated by people who also believe in God.
               | This is neither here nor there but keeping score on that
               | point seems pretty important to him.
               | 
               | At this point it looks like its important to him to
               | establish a hierarchy of morality Islam > Christianity >
               | Godless.
               | 
               | Since I don't have all day I'm going to skip from minute
               | 18 to 45. Ok now we are proving the existence of gods we
               | have the same tired arguments about a watch implying a
               | watch maker and various aspects of our solar system being
               | particularly amenable to life. One would expect such a
               | discussion to happen on worlds,solar systems, and
               | universes that themselves are amenable to our kind of
               | life while silence is likely to reign in environments
               | were life is impossible or unlikely.
               | 
               | If he had read more of the books he degrades by the "four
               | horsemen" of atheism he might already have good answers
               | to these arguments. Likely he has but he hopes you will
               | click a youtube video and sit back and passively absorb
               | re-enforcement of your existing beliefs than actually
               | reading a book yourself.
               | 
               | I watched at least half the lecture you posted and I
               | found it deceptive, manipulative, and ill founded. It did
               | a reasonable job of lobbing critiques at America's
               | geopolitical actions which one might say are fairly easy
               | targets but a poor job of addressing any big questions.
               | 
               | May I suggest you read something written by one of the
               | "four horsemen" of atheism?
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > He said of 4 prominent authors promoting atheism that
               | he described as the four horsemen of atheism that their
               | primary argument is that god isn't good ergo god isn't
               | real. This...just isn't true.
               | 
               | How is it a lie? It's a summary, sure, he can only go
               | into so much given the time. He shows a book by one of
               | them and the title is a giveaway of that summary.
               | 
               | > false rant about Islam being inherently peaceful
               | 
               | Based on what are you claiming that it is false? If you
               | confusing peaceful with pacifist, then Islam is not
               | pacifist.
               | 
               | > nor promote what we would today think of as peace
               | 
               | Then inform us what we would today think of as peace.
               | 
               | > It is common to mistake change in social norms as decay
               | instead of progression
               | 
               | It's easy to see the social decay over time. Of course
               | each generation is experiencing such a decay when they
               | compare it to the previous generations, but we clearly
               | see how things are speeding up. Just look at the ills
               | that we see in so called "developed first world nations",
               | the mental illnesses, the decline of morals, the
               | normalization and over sexualization of behaviors, all
               | the way to children, the destruction of the extended
               | family, then the nuclear family. It's quite obvious where
               | things are heading. This is not fear mongering. When you
               | have someone like Kraus saying that he cannot find a
               | moral argument against incest, then someone with half a
               | brain should think about what this means.
               | 
               | > Your speaker declares that a fiction is the root of all
               | morality
               | 
               | I'm not sure where he said that.
               | 
               | > Trying to apply this moralistically towards human
               | beings is both a misunderstanding of humanity, ethics,
               | and science.
               | 
               | No it isn't. From a purely secular and atheistic world
               | view, there was nothing wrong or bad about horrific
               | historic events like the Holocaust, the nuclear bombs,
               | rape, Epstein, etc. I think it was one of those "four
               | horsemen" who said that rape is not good or bad, but it's
               | just a phenomenon like the spots on a cheetah. Even this
               | atheist biology professor claims that there is no
               | ultimate foundation for ethics from an atheistic world
               | view: https://youtu.be/EqK_JPts26k?t=182
               | 
               | That is the only logical conclusion to arrive at from an
               | atheistic world view, at least he's being honest with
               | himself. More atheists should be honest with themselves
               | as well and we'll see how things end up.
               | 
               | > We don't need Jesus or Allah to tell us this is a bad
               | idea.
               | 
               | Based on the above, we sure do.
               | 
               | > while silence is likely to reign in environments were
               | life is impossible or unlikely.
               | 
               | Yet, we exist. So our world is clearly viable for hosting
               | life. I'm not sure what you're getting at here.
               | 
               | > Likely he has but he hopes you will click a youtube
               | video and sit back and passively absorb re-enforcement of
               | your existing beliefs than actually reading a book
               | yourself.
               | 
               | He's a professor and a scholar of biblical hermeneutics
               | with field specialties in Sacred Languages, Comparative
               | Theology, and Comparative Literature. He doesn't "hope"
               | anything. It seems you're straw manning because you think
               | we in Islam shy away from debates or discussion. That
               | couldn't be further from the truth.
               | 
               | > May I suggest you read something written by one of the
               | "four horsemen" of atheism?
               | 
               | Like the time where Dawkins falsely and cringely claims
               | that Islam teaches that salt water and sweet water don't
               | mix? I've watched lectures for those people, and their
               | arguments are straw men, or just outright lies that shows
               | their ignorance and malice especially when it comes to
               | Islam.
               | 
               | Bear in mind that this lecture was just to have people
               | expand their horizons, especially those that think that
               | science is going to answer everything. It won't. There is
               | so much material out there by good people who have torn
               | down these atheistic arguments. People like Youtube these
               | days, so I recommend Mohammad Hijab and Sami Ameri. I
               | have lots more who speak Arabic, but I think this is not
               | the right audience for them.
        
               | wruza wrote:
               | I'm only 10:33 into this video and already facepalming so
               | much. The guy starts with explaining logic basics, which
               | is cool, then goes to blaming some people "leading the
               | atheist movement" (whom I never really listened to and
               | agree that they devote too many of their attention to
               | fight religion, but hey everyone chooses their own way)
               | and then summarizes "if you don't have any moral
               | authority then what's your moral anchor" backing it by
               | some citation of classics lacking any context. Right
               | after talking about logic and how these atheist leaders
               | manipulate it. Then goes to repeat some worship nonsense.
               | 
               | Don't expect many people to watch this hour long blah
               | blah blah.
               | 
               | Edit: beared with it to 19:18 and stopped, sorry, this
               | guy is full of populistic bullshit he tries to refute.
               | Does god exist or not, we will not know ftom this. But
               | you are literally following a fanatic.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
        
               | eis wrote:
               | You don't need to post the video numerous times. I have
               | commented on it on one of your other replies.
               | > Proper religion and science do not disagree.
               | 
               | What makes a proper religion? And can you tell me how it
               | agrees with science?                 > I am a person of
               | faith (which is backed by evidence), and my faith pushed
               | us to seek knowledge. The Islamic Golden age is a
               | testament to that fact.
               | 
               | Well for me personally, curiousity pushed me to seek
               | knowledge but each to their own.
               | 
               | My problem is that any religion who believes in an all
               | powerful God quickly runs into logical problems. Here is
               | one quick example and I'd love for you to explain to me
               | where my reasoning went wrong:                 1. Assume
               | there is an omnipotent being called God       2. If God
               | is omnipotent then he can create two other omnipotent
               | beings that have the following two goals: 1. destroy the
               | other being 2. protect itself from being destroyed.
               | 3. Clearly both of these created beings cannot both
               | achieve their goals because they cannot both destroy the
               | other and at the same time protect themselves.       4.
               | If these beings cannot do what they were created for then
               | clearly they cannot be omnipotent.       5. If God cannot
               | create such beings then clearly he himself is not
               | omnipotent
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > What makes a proper religion? And can you tell me how
               | it agrees with science?
               | 
               | One that is backed by proofs and evidence. Islam does not
               | disagree with science.
               | 
               | Your argument is not very different from can God create a
               | rock so heavy that He cannot cary it? The answer is
               | simple, it's a logical absurdity to even go there. God
               | told us about his Attributes, and we are not to hold Him
               | or His Attributes to our worldly logic.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > One that is backed by proofs and evidence.
               | 
               | I have seen zero proofs for the existance of god. Not in
               | your video or anywhere else. If such proof existed then
               | that would be the biggest scientific breakthrough in
               | history and it would be the absolute focus for science to
               | understand more.
               | 
               | > Your argument is not very different from can God create
               | a rock so heavy that He cannot cary it? The answer is
               | simple, it's a logical absurdity to even go there. God
               | told us about his Attributes, and we are not to hold Him
               | or His Attributes to our worldly logic.
               | 
               | Yes it's the same argument. I can't follow your logic
               | though. You just claim that we cannot comprehend the
               | concept of god. You say that logic cannot be applied. If
               | we cannot comprehend god and have to give up logic then
               | why would we follow the word of certain people who
               | claimed that god spoke to them? How can we tell apart a
               | true prophet who really was contacted by god from a
               | random imposter? To tell those apart would mean we
               | already know what god would or would not say. But if god
               | does not have to follow logic then how can we deduce what
               | is correct or not?
               | 
               | As you see once you leave the realm of logic the whole
               | house of cards falls.
               | 
               | Another thing you could deduce from your argument btw is
               | that god created humans intentionally in a way that they
               | cannot comprehend. Isn't that painting god in a pretty
               | bad light?
        
               | 0134340 wrote:
               | >worldly logic
               | 
               | So your argument stems from illogic? Surely you don't
               | admit such do you? When I was religious, religion
               | captured me by thinking 'that makes sense'. It used a
               | minor amount of logic to convert me but ultimately it
               | failed because it didn't stand up against my rigors in
               | the end. Religion wants to ultimately refrain from the
               | rigors of logic but when confronted, how does it defend
               | itself? That's right, it tries to use "logical" arguments
               | just like in the video you linked.
               | 
               | If you want to deny logic then the guy you're arguing
               | with is just as right as you think you are because he has
               | justification to be illogical. That is the problem with
               | making unfalsifiable claims like the gods exist outside
               | of logic, you basically admit to a tie, at the very
               | least.
        
             | Fezzik wrote:
             | Because the whole premise and foundation of religion is
             | that you ought to believe things absent evidence and
             | without good reasons (that's what faith is). If you have
             | good reasons to believe something you give the reason;
             | religion does not and should not, especially with its
             | centuries-long history of malice and suppression towards
             | free and scientific thought, deserve any credibility when
             | it comes to matters of facts.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | barrysteve wrote:
               | This argument always depends on what kinds of evidence
               | you accept and trust as valid for faith. One big test for
               | that is trusting any of the holy books as evidence for
               | something faithful.
               | 
               | It's really weird to watch science and science-like ideas
               | grow out of faith and religion, then the faith be blamed
               | for 'persecuting' science after a certain philosophy took
               | over in the late 19th century.
        
               | e3bc54b2 wrote:
               | > It's really weird to watch science and science-like
               | ideas grow out of faith and religion
               | 
               | While there are certain events that can be filed under
               | this category, more often than not its the other way
               | around. That is, the ideas come outside the religion, run
               | contradictory until proven unquestionably, and then the
               | religious texts are found to be retroactively always been
               | proving the science that was found later.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | That's not really fair. For example, Galileo is often
               | given as an example of someone who was persecuted by the
               | Church for his ideas - without often mentioning that his
               | ideas were championed by the Pope and the Jesuit order
               | before some misunderstandings.
               | 
               | Also, a lot of the basis of science comes from members of
               | the Church, occultists, or others living in deeply
               | fundamentalist environments (Newton being a famous father
               | of science who was deeply occult in his thinking; or
               | Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, the father of algebra and
               | whose name is the basis of the word algorithm, being a
               | court astronomer and the head of an Abbasid Caliph's
               | library).
        
               | xabotage wrote:
               | Where and when, throughout all human history, have there
               | been significant populations _not_ subject to a religion?
               | It seems strange to suggest that demonstrably
               | unscientific belief systems with incompatible differences
               | tied mainly to geographic location somehow have a
               | unifying impact on scientific progress.
               | 
               | It's kind of like saying a person contributed to science
               | because of their hair color while simultaneously
               | conceding that people of all hair colors contribute to
               | science.
        
           | solarengineer wrote:
           | Here's how I understood it: "The Gods themselves are part of
           | creation. Even if there were a Creator, he may not know for
           | certain whether it was indeed him who created"
        
             | eis wrote:
             | But that doesn't get us any further than "We don't know
             | yet." It doesn't prove or disprove anything. By the same
             | line of reasoning one could say there is no time at all and
             | all our memory of the past is an illusion generated by a
             | simulation. The linked video talks about this: there are an
             | infinite amount of theories that one can come up with to
             | explain the current state and it might not be possible with
             | our current understanding to prove them wrong.
             | 
             | The problem I have with religious texts is they are very
             | vague and evidently open to a lot of interpretation. And by
             | talking about things like God and building a logical system
             | out of wrong axioms that is then applied to daily life
             | choices they actually can create real issues - we've had
             | enough of them in history.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | > The problem I have with religious texts is they are
               | very vague and evidently open to a lot of interpretation.
               | 
               | Which religious texts? Each and every one of the texts
               | available for each religion in the world?
               | 
               | > they actually can create real issues - we've had enough
               | of them in history.
               | 
               | I think Mao, Lenin, Stalin, etc. disagree with you there.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > Which religious texts? Each and every one of the texts
               | available for each religion in the world?
               | 
               | I should have been clearer: religious texts on average.
               | Maybe there is some religion out there that is not vague,
               | very clear and not open to interpretation. I'd be happy
               | to hear about an example and explore it further. But the
               | major world religions all have varying interpretations.
               | > I think Mao, Lenin, Stalin, etc. disagree with you
               | there.
               | 
               | The existance of these monsters does not prove religions
               | don't create issues. Or what's your claim?
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | What does having texts with some degree of interpretation
               | have to do with whether those texts are true or not?
               | Sounds like a genetic fallacy.
               | 
               | > The existance of these monsters does not prove
               | religions don't create issues. Or what's your claim?
               | 
               | My claim is that without religion, we'd be in a far off
               | worse place.
        
               | eis wrote:
               | > What does having texts with some degree of
               | interpretation have to do with whether those texts are
               | true or not? Sounds like a genetic fallacy.
               | 
               | You are putting words in my mouth. I said texts that are
               | vague and open to a lot of interpretation can cause a lot
               | of issues. Especially when those interpretations are used
               | to make life choices and doubly so when making choices
               | about others.                 > My claim is that without
               | religion, we'd be in a far off worse place.
               | 
               | Please provide evidence for this. Clearly one can have
               | ethics and morals without religion. Note: showing that
               | some atheists did something wrong is not evidence of
               | that. Oh and btw there is more than theism and atheism. I
               | wouldn't describe myself as an atheist. Do I know that
               | there is no such thing as a god? Nope. All I know is that
               | I really can't subscribe to that believe personally but
               | who am I to claim either way. I can still strive to be a
               | good member of society.
        
               | al_mandi wrote:
               | Not all texts are vague and open to interpretation. A
               | proper religion with strong scholarly underpinnings like
               | Islam has this issue figured out. The Quran itself calls
               | out the issue, and Muslim scholars from the very
               | beginning have a foundation on which to base rulings.
               | 
               | > so when making choices about others
               | 
               | By living in society, someone is making choices on the
               | behalf of another regardless of whether that society is
               | religious or secular.
               | 
               | > Please provide evidence for this
               | 
               | We're seeing it today. Look at the rates of depression,
               | suicide, etc. in so called "developed first world"
               | countries and compare them to war torn "third world"
               | countries that are generally religious. Society is in
               | moral and ethical decline, and it worries me how much
               | longer this can go on before some chaotic event will take
               | place.
               | 
               | Without an authority, the very question of what "good"
               | and "bad" mean becomes meaningless. I recall one
               | atheistic head (might have been Dawkins) who claimed that
               | rape is not good or bad, it just is a phenomenon like the
               | spots on a cheetah. Or Kraus (and others) who said that
               | he could not find a moral justification against incest if
               | there is consent from both sides.
        
               | nprateem wrote:
               | Most exam questions at university are open to
               | interpretation too, but that's language for you.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mef wrote:
           | I found it interesting as an early example of a similar line
           | of reasoning with a similar conclusion.
           | 
           | The Wikipedia link mentions that: "Astronomer Carl Sagan
           | quoted it in discussing India's "tradition of skeptical
           | questioning and unselfconscious humility before the great
           | cosmic mysteries.""
        
             | eis wrote:
             | I don't think the line of reasoning is similar at all.
             | 
             | The quoted text just says "We don't know. Hypothetical
             | beings higher than us don't know because they came after
             | the initial origin. A hypothetical creator might or might
             | not know."
             | 
             | I agree with the first sentence but it doesn't give any
             | insight really. The reasoning regarding Gods coming after
             | creation so they wouldn't know doesn't check out. Maybe
             | they are great scientists and found a way to get the
             | answer? By implying even Gods don't know you get defeatism
             | - how could we mere mortals know? Let's not try.
        
         | throw7 wrote:
         | 'Maybe the creator doesn't know what he created.' Meaning he
         | suffers from dementia and forgot what he created? I suppose
         | that's possible.
        
           | jackmott wrote:
        
           | ickelbawd wrote:
           | Ha, maybe.
           | 
           | Or perhaps creation to the creator is like breathing to us.
           | Do you remember how many breaths you took yesterday?
           | 
           | Or maybe there is no creator, only a self-creation.
        
         | monktastic1 wrote:
         | Okay, this is truly bizarre. I came here to share this exact
         | quote (after reading a prior comment about how the universe
         | itself may never know), only to find that someone already
         | posted it... whose handle is the same one I use on other sites,
         | because I share the same initials.
         | 
         | Genuinely thought I'd gone crazy for a moment and posted this
         | with an alternate account.
        
           | Bakary wrote:
           | I would say it's an unlikely coincidence, but not truly
           | bizarre.
           | 
           | - It's common for desi names to start with A or K
           | 
           | - It's common for desis to use initials when referring to
           | themselves
           | 
           | - Some desi surnames are over-represented in the population
           | 
           | - People with desi names are likely to come in contact with
           | South Asian culture irrespective of their environment or if
           | they speak the relevant languages. Or rather, they are more
           | likely to have these avenues to begin with if they ended up
           | with such a naming scheme.
           | 
           | - There are only so many foundational or well-known texts in
           | any culture, so if there is a relevant passage, it has a high
           | likelihood of being cited
           | 
           | It's not that different from a Jay Smith and a John Smith
           | quoting a relevant C.S. Lewis or Biblical passage and having
           | a jsmith handle.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | I wonder if we really _want_ to know, or if we 'd rather enjoy
       | speculating for all eternity. Seems like the journey is more fun
       | than the destination.
        
       | aortega wrote:
       | If we will never know, then there should be some kind of proof
       | that the beginning of the universe is un-knowledgeable, sort of
       | like Godel's theory of incompleteness. But there is none, so the
       | affirmation is incorrect:
       | 
       | We don't know if we will never know.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Proof requires axioms, and the universe hints towards what they
         | are but isn't explicit.
         | 
         | Per thermododynamic axioms, incompleteness is implied by the
         | arrow of time and information atrophy. This would imply an
         | unknowable beginning.
        
           | c1ccccc1 wrote:
           | You got the direction backwards. Increase in entropy means
           | that the farther back you go in time, the less information
           | the universe has in it in some sense. The initial state of
           | the universe would therefore be very simple, having low
           | entropy. If the state were simple enough, then in principle,
           | we could figure it out in exact detail. The thing that
           | thermodynamics says is unknowable is the distant future of
           | the universe. We can predict that it will be dark and cold
           | and empty and sparsely filled with ever-more red-shifted
           | radiation, but it's impossible, even in principle, to know
           | the details of exactly where each individual particle in
           | going to end up.
        
         | pronlover723 wrote:
         | There are plenty of things we will never know and that there is
         | no way of ever knowing. Here's some.
         | 
         | Given this 10k year old pot
         | 
         | https://factsanddetails.com/media/2/20120207-JomonPottery.JP...
         | 
         | What is the name of the person that created this pot, What day
         | did they create it? Were they in a relationship at that time?
         | Did they have children? How many siblings did they have?
         | 
         | There's no way to know. You can theorise time travel to find
         | out or you can weasle into believing we'll somehow make
         | machines in the future that can measure every facet of every
         | atom related to the creation of the pot in such a way as to be
         | able to trace their trajectories through time backward but both
         | of those are grasping at straws, things that are unlikely to
         | ever actually come to pass.
         | 
         | The reality is we'll never know the answers to those questions.
         | 
         | The same is true of how the universe began.
         | 
         | The best we can do is follow our theories of how the universe
         | works backward and see where they lead and then try to create
         | those initial conditions and see if we get the results we
         | expect. It may be impossible to create those initial conditions
         | though and even so, we'd be guessing at what those initial
         | conditions actually were as we'd be assuming that running our
         | calculations in reverse is true describe the actual initial
         | conditions whereas they really only describe assumed initial
         | conditions.
        
       | moomin wrote:
       | I don't think people are understanding the subtlety of what she's
       | saying here. She's saying that since there are no predictions to
       | be made, there's nothing falsifiable in any of the many theories.
       | Worse, if the theories _do_ make falsifiable predictions that
       | still will only reduce the imaginative space, not reduce it down
       | to one theory, and that instead we choose between theories on the
       | basis of how many "constants" they require.
       | 
       | This argument isn't invalidated by possible future discoveries.
       | It'll still be possible to generate competing elegant
       | mathematical models that only differ in ways that are unobserved.
        
         | everybodyknows wrote:
         | A concise shorthand for "non-falsifiable theory" is "faith".
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | Only if you choose to believe that a non-falsifiable theory
           | is actually true. Otherwise it's not faith, merely a
           | hypothesis.
        
       | eterevsky wrote:
       | It's somewhat ironic to see this statement from Sabine
       | Hossenfelder, who as a quantum super-determinist holds quite
       | specific beliefs about the beginning of the universe.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | _Impossibility: the limits of science and the science of limits_
       | by John D Barrow -- rest in peace -- is an excellent book about
       | the aspects of the Universe we can never know. For example, the
       | visible Universe and whether constants are constant.
       | 
       | When this blogger starts by pushing back on philosophers, I think
       | they may mean scientists like Barrow, which is a shame because he
       | makes for very compelling reading. In fact, have I not seen
       | warnings here, from reputable posters, about this Backreaction
       | blog?
       | 
       | In any case, I recommend the ahem "philosophy" book heartily.
        
       | westcort wrote:
       | We may not know the answer to how the universe began, but a time
       | loop at the beginning of the universe is my favorite explanation.
       | Gott and Li proposed this model and you can see Gott explain it
       | elegantly here: https://youtu.be/raTqAyLikLU
        
         | staindk wrote:
         | Thanks for the link. I love how Gott started with simple
         | everyday objects.
        
           | westcort wrote:
           | He is a great teacher and a really awesome person in general.
        
         | DemocracyFTW2 wrote:
         | I for one am glad that Gott has finally joined youtube to
         | explain to everyone the meaning of the universe and everything.
         | Cool move bro!
        
         | egello wrote:
         | The thing about time loop is that, how and when did it began? I
         | just can't wrap my head around something being here, there and
         | everywhere at all times.
        
           | AnotherGoodName wrote:
           | You're right. In fact a time loop has the same something from
           | nothing problem any other theory has.
           | 
           | Imagine a flatlander universe. Package up time in another
           | dimension and you can represent their entire existence as a
           | static 3d cube. Timeloops would just be a static torus in the
           | cube.
           | 
           | The same is true of a 3 spatial dimension + 1 time dimension
           | universe. You can view it as a static 4d tesseract. Timeloops
           | are just a 4-taurus. Where did that 4 Taurus come from? It's
           | the same something from nothing problem.
        
           | al_mandi wrote:
           | It's a metaphysical assumption, meaning beyond the realm of
           | experimental science. Science has inherent limitations, and
           | cannot be used to explain everything. This is a good starting
           | point: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=If3cNUixEBM
        
             | xabotage wrote:
             | How did I know before I clicked that link that it was going
             | to be apologetics.
             | 
             | Faith is not a shortcut to knowledge. "Hey, we can't yet
             | find the answer to big questions through rational means, so
             | let's try irrational means!"
        
           | bigbaguette wrote:
           | It's something we learn very early in the philosophy of
           | science, is that our vision of the world will always be
           | inherently limited by the capabilities of our perception and
           | the way we process it
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | There are only two alternatives for the origin of the
           | universe: Either creation out of nothing, or no creation
           | through eternal existence.
           | 
           | Both are hard to wrap your head around.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | with time loops. It began half way though me writing this
           | sentence -- that's the thing
        
           | c048 wrote:
           | That's the thing about time-loops; you don't need to have a
           | start and a beginning. There's a good movie about that
           | concept; Interstellar.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Interstellar has one, but for that topic I'd suggest
             | _Predestination_ :
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination_(film)
             | 
             | I'd also suggest watching it before reading that plot
             | synopsis.
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | Interstellar is pretty much nonsense even given the
             | premise. Even if you are talking about time travel you can
             | easily make something more plasuible than that.
             | 
             | Also Interstellar had information passing from the future
             | to the past which isn't really what's typically sufficent
             | to consider it a time loop.
        
               | westcort wrote:
               | The time loop is allowed by the current understanding of
               | physics. The math checks out.
        
       | wheelerof4te wrote:
       | Of course we don't know. That does not mean we should stop
       | searching for the answer.
       | 
       | But before we try to understand how the universe began, maybe a
       | better starting point would be: how did _we_ begin?
       | 
       | Finding out what exactly happened to us that made us different
       | than the rest will lead to answers to greater mysteries of this
       | world.
        
       | erlend_sh wrote:
       | What we do know is that the universe didn't begin from _nothing_.
       | It's impossible for something to arise out of nothing, so there
       | has always been _something_.
       | 
       | Nothingness is the space that holds everything.
       | 
       | From there it can be argued that the universe began with the
       | adjacent possible of nothing.
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | Please, how can any human being be so absolute about anything?
         | Modern humans emerged ~300K years ago (or at least that's what
         | we know so far), so how on earth can we be sure about anything?
         | Our science is nice and all, and can help us built amazing
         | devices that save lives and allow us to explore... but all we
         | have are models. Theories. Zero certainty.
         | 
         | If anything, science is all about: "I have no idea what this
         | is, but I have a model that seems to explain certain scenarios.
         | Let's stick with it until someone more intelligent than us
         | provides a better model". We may be "sure" about certain "laws"
         | (e.g,, thermodynamics, speed of light, etc.)... but I think
         | it's a mistake to be so absolute about them.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | It is not obvious to me whether one could determine if the
         | phrase "the adjacent possible of nothing" refers to something,
         | as opposed to merely resembling phrases that do. Regardless,
         | there is an evocative ring to it.
        
         | speedbird wrote:
         | Do we? Please enlighten ...
        
           | dijerido wrote:
           | This argument goes back to Parmenides.
        
           | Amezarak wrote:
           | I think most statements like this have an underlying
           | conceptual problem in that they assume the existence of
           | causality.
           | 
           | Since the Big Bang is the beginning of space and time, it
           | doesn't make sense to say it "came from" anything - not
           | nothing, anything. Nothing could have "caused" it because
           | causality depends on there being a before in which the cause
           | could take place. Causality breaks down with the beginning of
           | time and that causes us a lot of conceptual confusion.
        
         | philipov wrote:
         | It's not impossible for something to arise out of nothing.
         | Well, what I really should say is, it's not impossible for
         | _two_ somethings to arise out of nothing, as long as they have
         | opposite charge and annihilate when they come into contact.
         | 
         | I like to imagine there's an anti-universe moving backwards in
         | time from the start of the universe, and that's where all the
         | unexplained missing baryonic antimatter ended up.
        
           | smolder wrote:
           | Put in other words, something is a subset of nothing! This
           | idea fits in well with the unprovable MWI as well. If every
           | possibile configuration of spacetime exists, and in a
           | symmetry where everything has an opposite, doesn't it all
           | kind of "add up" to 0? This idea has been in my head since
           | high school physics many years ago.
        
           | tadfisher wrote:
           | So the universe is a crazy huge Feynman diagram that got
           | split at the edge of a black hole? Cool.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | If one redefined nothing as something, then the universe can
           | arise.
        
             | jgrowl wrote:
             | I think this comment is actually very insightful.
             | 
             | If you assume that 'nothing' is what cannot exist, then
             | everything becomes a matter of scale and instrument
             | sensitivity
        
         | InCityDreams wrote:
         | >What we do know is that the universe didn't begin from
         | nothing. It's impossible for something to arise out of nothing,
         | so there has always been something.
         | 
         | Got proof? ...and isn't that the whole point of the discussion?
        
       | jgrowl wrote:
       | Therein lies the True eternal distinction between Reason and
       | Faith.
       | 
       | Reason is that which can be known and where it ceases becomes
       | Faith. They are separate parallel structures, to mistake one for
       | the other is folly.
       | 
       | We know that everything we can see originated as a single point
       | of one uniformly distributed substance.
       | 
       | We know that everything we can see will return into one uniformly
       | distributed substance (Heat and red-shifted light).
       | 
       |  _Belief_ is Necessary to fill in the gaps between creation
       | cycles (Or its rejection entirely).
        
         | As_You_Wish wrote:
         | >Reason is that which can be known
         | 
         | Nah. Reason is just the best model we have at the time, given
         | the evidence that we have.
         | 
         | For example, Newtonian physics is a pretty darn good way of
         | looking at the universe and it works well. It was thought of as
         | "known". But of course, I'm sure everyone here knows that
         | Einsteinian physics replaced Newtonian physics with a more
         | accurate model of the universe.
         | 
         | Faith is different in that it is based on no evidence. For
         | example, in christendom, they say there's a heaven, with no
         | testable evidence, or that there's a god, let alone the one
         | that they think exists as opposed to Kali or Uhuru-Mazda, or
         | the other hundredss of thousands of gods that have been
         | professed to be real.
         | 
         | >Belief is Necessary to fill in the gaps between creation
         | cycles (Or its rejection entirely).
         | 
         | eh....despite what the author says, it is conceivable that a
         | scientific solution _could_ be found for the creation. But with
         | faith, just saying  "God done it" is something that requires no
         | work, no new knowledge, and not even an _attempt_ at new
         | knowledge. Belief is something necessary when one is just too
         | lazy to try to figure out the actual solution, or to disprove
         | one 's belief and accept that it is wrong.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | michaelsbradley wrote:
         | "Faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit
         | rises to the contemplation of truth..."
         | 
         | https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/d...
        
           | hota_mazi wrote:
           | Faith is the justification that people give when they believe
           | something for no good reason.
           | 
           | You can believe anything based on faith, therefore, it's not
           | a reliable path to truth.
           | 
           | Only reason is.
           | 
           | The faster our civilization gets rid of faith, the better off
           | we'll be.
        
             | michaelsbradley wrote:
             | _Fides et ratio_ was written to address that problematic
             | way of thinking (what you just expressed). Maybe give it a
             | read.
        
               | hota_mazi wrote:
               | Could you outline what's problematic about it here?
        
       | galaxyLogic wrote:
       | This is what I don't get:
       | 
       | "... if the universe expands today, this means if we look back in
       | time the matter must have been squeezed together, so the density
       | was higher.
       | 
       | If the universe expands today, how does it follow that it was
       | also expanding yesterday, or a million years ago? Maybe universe
       | expands, then contracts again cyclically?
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | The reason expansion yesterday is plausible if we see expansion
         | is simply that's it's far more plausible nothing so special
         | happened yesterday as to change the motion of the _entire
         | universe_.
         | 
         | The universe is not a little trickle of water down the wall in
         | the bathroom you can easily redirect with your little finger,
         | the universe it _really_ big, so you need something equally big
         | to make it change behaviour.
        
           | Kerrick wrote:
           | The oceans used to seem _really_ big to us too, but each
           | rising tide wasn't destined to continue rising--the tides
           | turned out to be cyclical, even though we couldn't imagine
           | anything but gods or magic to be powerful enough to cause the
           | change. Perhaps we're in a similar trough of understanding
           | here?
        
             | SiempreViernes wrote:
             | I'm not sure I get your point, are you saying the moon and
             | the sun, the things we now know cause the tides, are small
             | things?
        
         | aaaddaaaaa1112 wrote:
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | > If the universe expands today, how does it follow that it was
         | also expanding yesterday
         | 
         | The universe is not only expanding, it's expanding faster and
         | faster... it's very hard to see how anything could explain the
         | rate of expansion could have started off negative, then instead
         | of just collapsing into itself, it reverted somehow and then
         | started accelerating. The simple explanation is that it has
         | always expanded, though at a slower rate, just like in the
         | future it seems it will continue to expand at a faster rate.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | > Maybe universe expands, then contracts again cyclically?
         | 
         | It's possible, but you're going to have to come up with a
         | theory for why whatever 'force' is driving the expansion goes
         | from negative, to positive, and back.
        
           | WXLCKNO wrote:
           | We live inside an engine piston?
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | And what wheel drives the inner workings of that piston?
        
               | eis wrote:
               | Maybe a better analogy would be a spring that goes from
               | contraction to expansion and back again? A lot of things
               | behave like waves so could it be some space field
               | swinging in a wave-like pattern? Is there some evidence
               | for the expansion to have also happened say 10B years ago
               | in the CMBR?
        
       | kosh2 wrote:
       | The only thing that can maybe be understandable for us is an
       | infinite universe. What was before 0? -1. What before that? -2.
       | 
       | But how can we ever understand how out of a state of nothingness
       | came something? That is where the science "ends" and the door to
       | philosophy opens.
       | 
       | Those are similar problems like "Why is there not nothing?", "Why
       | are the laws of nature not different?" etc.
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | In projective geometry negative infinity and positive infinity
         | meet :-)
        
         | green_on_black wrote:
         | To add to your point, why should there be nothingness? Who is
         | to say that 0 is before 1? There's 1/2 somewhere right? And 1/4
         | before that, etc.
         | 
         | It's not obvious that there "should" be nothing, rather than
         | perpetual something. It's not obvious we should work with
         | integers and not the reals. Or the rationals. Or the rationals
         | without zero, which cannot exist as a denominator (in the
         | common definition of the rationals). It's not obvious that
         | we've ever detected zero. And why a line? Why not a circle? And
         | even if a line, couldn't it be the limit of a circle whose
         | radius tends to infinity? Etc.
        
       | vouaobrasil wrote:
       | I think one thing that humans have not come to terms with is the
       | possibility that some fundamental fields are essentially dead in
       | terms of possible new discoveries that most people will care
       | about. That doesn't mean that there's nothing left to do. There
       | are minor details in some fields but they are more like
       | engineering problems. Physics may be one of those fields and I
       | certainly think math is as well. However, it's sometimes hard to
       | recognize because there is a core group of people that keep it
       | going because it's their nest egg.
        
         | barrysteve wrote:
         | Depends what you mean by care about, because the majority of
         | praised discoveries are an extra foot on the millipede.
         | Precisely because we designed our universities and technologies
         | that way.
         | 
         | You can nurture in systems and cultures that break open the
         | fundamentals again if you so wish. Most people don't wish it,
         | they are happy living out incremental improvement in the city
         | and surrounds.
        
         | johndunne wrote:
         | I believe this sentiment is what a large cross section of the
         | physics community was thinking prior to Einstein's
         | breakthroughs.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Physics still has major gaps right in the middle - our two main
         | theories of how the world works are mathematically
         | incompatible. This leaves room for some significant new
         | discoveries that could upend everyone's understanding of the
         | world.
         | 
         | Not to mention that both QM and GR in themselves have
         | inconsistencies or infinities. GR famously has a singularity in
         | the center of a black hole, which means the math doesn't
         | actually apply there. QM has the measurement problem, and the
         | (probably related) problem of making the laws of motion linear,
         | when we can clearly see highly non-linear behavior in reality.
        
         | jb1991 wrote:
         | I quite disagree with this. Visionaries come along to unseat
         | centuries of limitations, raising the ceiling forever. Those
         | visionaries are rare, but there will be more.
        
           | vouaobrasil wrote:
           | Maybe, but if you look at the list of famous unsolved
           | problems in math, it has been dwindling for a long time. The
           | list used to contain problems that undergrads could
           | understand. Biology is still like this -- you can take quite
           | a few interesting unsolved problems in biology and explain it
           | to most people.
           | 
           | Math has a few left like the Riemann hypothesis, but the
           | _vast_ majority of new work that has been coming out is more
           | like refinements (I say this as a PhD in math who as actually
           | read them). We look at history and expect it to repeat
           | itself, but if you closely examine math history you can
           | actually see a decline. Take the time to truly examine
           | "visionary" things that have happened in math and those
           | events are actually getting fewer and fewer. I seriously
           | doubt there is much left to do that is of interest to more
           | than 5-10 people in each subfield.
        
             | galleywest200 wrote:
             | Are you suggesting there are no more unknown problems in
             | mathematics, that "the list" will not be added to?
        
               | vouaobrasil wrote:
               | Well, due to the nature of math there are technically
               | hundreds of questions you can ask (specific behaviour of
               | the infinite number of diophantine equations, improving
               | constants in estimation, whether there exists a prime
               | number that satisfies XYZ, etc), but those problems are
               | becoming so hyperspecialized that very few people if any
               | will care about them. There may be one more paradigm
               | shift that is related to stuff that Sholze is doing and
               | there is certainly some work to do in proof theory ala
               | Voevodky's univalent foundations so we could see a couple
               | more things but the vast majority of basic foundational
               | work in math is done.
               | 
               | So while we have a few more fundamental problems that
               | most people have heard of like the Riemann hypothesis and
               | the twin primes conjecture, don't expect to have any more
               | of those. (Certainly the more recent ones are already so
               | specialized that few people outside the immediate area
               | would ever understand or even care about them).
               | 
               | I'm also not sure why there's such a negative view
               | towards the end of progress on this site---a lot of
               | people seem to take it as an axiom that currently
               | "useless" things will eventually become useful but I
               | simply do not believe that is the case (and this is
               | coming from someone who has published quite a few papers
               | in pure math).
        
       | superposeur wrote:
       | I'm a big fan of the blog, but disagree with this entry. Her
       | argument could be applied to the idea of the Big Bang itself: we
       | can never receive light from any further back than the "surface
       | of last scattering", so the notion of a hotter prior epoch is an
       | extrapolation. The extrapolation is a good one as it uses
       | independently-tested laws of evolution, at least to the point
       | these laws presumably break down, as she points out.
       | 
       | Similarly, it's entirely conceivable that we may find independent
       | ways to test which of the proposed modifications of the evolution
       | laws is correct, for instance by using data collected from binary
       | mergers. Then, these modified laws would lead to a modified story
       | of what happened near the Big Bang. Alternatively, it may happen
       | that all but one or a few of the proposed modifications do not
       | play nicely with the other forces of nature at a theoretical
       | level.
       | 
       | Or maybe not, but we certainly can't rule out this possibility a
       | priori.
       | 
       | Moreover, her point about not having a multi-universe data set
       | would dismiss all of cosmology as mere "ascience" -- again,
       | including the notion of the Big Bang itself.
       | 
       | Instead, I think it likely that the present multiplicity of early
       | universe proposals will be pruned as more data becomes available.
        
         | lambdasquirrel wrote:
         | > Her argument could be applied to the idea of the Big Bang
         | itself
         | 
         | What's wrong with that?
         | 
         | The thing about science is that it cannot pretend that it
         | knows. It needs to prove. To which end, I don't think we should
         | be supposing that we're going to know. Otherwise we're doing
         | religion.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | Science is, effectively, religion/faith in a particular set
           | of base presumptions (axioms of set theory or logic theory
           | guide all "logical" reasoning). Basically, limits of human
           | mind understanding things come with just having to trust some
           | things are simply so.
           | 
           | The biggest difference from things more commonly referred to
           | as "religions" is that science invites you to challenge all
           | these assumptions and look for a better (and smaller,
           | simpler) working set that still explains all the phenomena we
           | observe at least as well as the sets of axioms we currently
           | use. And it knows that all the knowledge we gain is simply
           | the approximation of the real stuff, and that we can only
           | work to improve those approximations.
        
             | lisper wrote:
             | > Science is, effectively, religion/faith
             | 
             | No. No no no no no!!!
             | 
             | Science is a _process_. The result of that process is
             | _explanations_ for phenomena. And the reason this matters
             | is that the particular explanations produced by the
             | scientific process turn out to give you the power to make
             | extraordinarily accurate predictions about (certain aspects
             | of) the future, and thus give you a tremendous amount of
             | leverage in becoming the master of your own fate.
             | 
             | It is absolutely not a religion, except insofar as it is
             | the only thing mankind has ever come up with that truly
             | gives us the gift of prophecy.
        
             | xabotage wrote:
             | No. Faith is belief without evidence or belief in the
             | presence of contrary evidence. If we were to suppose the
             | "base presumptions" of science were on the same level as
             | religious claims, then they could be arbitrarily ignored
             | without real-world consequences.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | > Similarly, it's entirely conceivable that we may find
         | independent ways to test which of the proposed modifications of
         | the evolution laws is correct, for instance by using data
         | collected from binary mergers. Then, these modified laws would
         | lead to a modified story of what happened near the Big Bang.
         | 
         | Sure, but you have to start from observations of the binary
         | merger, not from what you'd like the Big Bang to be like, like
         | most of these theories do. Starting from predictions about the
         | origin of the universe is unlikely to produce good testable
         | theories, since there is nothing to test there. You have to
         | look at phenomena that are actually still happening in the
         | universe to guide your research, and only then extrapolate.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Einstein's equations are time reservable and deterministic,
           | so the evolution has only one path and ultimately it doesn't
           | matter which end you start at, you'll get to the other unique
           | end point regardless. The problem is to get the correct start
           | conditions that makes the other end of the path end up
           | somewhere plausible.
           | 
           | It is largely a matter of training and temperament if you
           | think it's more rewarding to start from the observations of
           | current phenomena that all have some uncertainty and
           | laboriously work backwards to predict an early universe that
           | doesn't match the observations and then have to start over,
           | or if you think it's better to start from the distant past
           | and work toward the now only to find a problem and having to
           | start over.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | Sure, the equations themselves lead to the same place.
             | 
             | But this is only true if they are the _right equations_.
             | 
             | If you look at an existing phenomenon that maybe relativity
             | doesn't describe well enough, and find some modification to
             | these equations that explains it better; and then you go
             | and check that indeed this new model explains all known
             | observations better - you have a pretty solid new theory.
             | You can then expand this theory into the early universe and
             | see what consequences it would have for the inflation
             | model.
             | 
             | However, if you start from the big bang and want to modify
             | Einstein's equations, what will guide you to a better
             | model? Most likely you will use your intuition on how the
             | universe must have begun - but then, chances are, your
             | modified laws will predict entirely the wrong thing about
             | the current universe; or, you can add terms to the existing
             | equations that have no influence in the current universe,
             | but then, by Occam's razor, your theory should just be
             | discarded since it explains all observable phenomena
             | equally well, but is more complex.
        
       | barrysteve wrote:
       | Sabine likes to swing an axe into a tree. Her preaching gets
       | tiresome fast though.
       | 
       | She redefines science to require simplicity, when it simply
       | doesn't require it. Many solved or solveable problems in science
       | are ghastly complex and computers improved or solved them. The
       | LHC is a most-obvious example for that category. Do I even need
       | to point out the counter-arguments or are we just taking Sabine
       | at her word..
       | 
       | This thinking mirrors a cultural-faith shift and has little to do
       | with the premise of the article, that we dont know and cant know
       | the universe before the Big Bang.
       | 
       | A scientist who doesn't preach is worth their weight in gold,
       | usually because they're too busy doing science _to_ preach.
       | 
       | She is the red dressed woman on the Tiber River telling us how
       | she won't let this stand anymore. Meanwhile the rest of us just
       | get on with it. Accordingly saying this comment was a waste of
       | time.
        
         | jessermeyer wrote:
         | > She redefines science to require simplicity, when it simply
         | doesn't require it.
         | 
         | God wills the Universe into Being. I have explained everything
         | completely. What qualities of a selection function do you have
         | that would choose a different explanation?
         | 
         | One that doesn't require something more complex than the
         | Universe to explain the Universe?
        
           | barrysteve wrote:
           | Well it's not so hard to break apart all the presuppositions
           | in that sentence, but I know you're not looking for this.
           | 
           | Arguing tiber-river style divine simplicity is best left up
           | to the dominican monk gregory pine and his debate partners.
           | 
           | You might be disappointed to discover I was making a
           | practical point, not using the ideal-metaphorical language of
           | sabine and her culture.
           | 
           | Practically speaking no matter where sabine and the concept
           | of simplicity, teamwork and the coming relational tribalism
           | goes, one can work on the ghost of the tree she is trying to
           | chop down or drag an incomplete, complex part of science
           | through the bubble of 'simplicity' out to disrupt the other
           | side.
           | 
           | Put more briefly, no matter how simple we all agree 'it' is,
           | you can disrupt that bubble with infinite complexity, just as
           | easily as she cuts down trees.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Sabine, wearing her science communicator hat, necessarily has
         | to simplify a lot. Everything of hers that I watch or read is
         | simplified science (including her branded Brilliant course),
         | and it has to be simplified for me to follow it because I'm a
         | software engineer not a scientist and I can't yet do the tensor
         | differential calculus of relativity nor the complex-valued
         | calculus of quantum mechanics.
         | 
         | But even without that caveat, science has to be as simple as
         | possible (and no simpler), because every extra equation or
         | variable beyond the minimum is necessarily a worthless
         | decoration adorning the core idea. Computers don't always let
         | you brute force your way past that extra complexity, but even
         | when they do, it never really helps to have it.
        
           | barrysteve wrote:
           | I mean gene unfolding, meterology, lhc, fusion, space
           | research, ect have all been served tremendously by computing.
           | Granted one could say they are temporarily less useful due to
           | a local peak of optimization, buut that's a long way from
           | throwing out all the sine waves and commiting to perfect
           | metaphysics.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Take any or all of your examples, and add an extra
             | variable:                  if (unix_time>>128) % 2 == 1 {
             | explode(); }
             | 
             | Easy to code, unfalsifiable. Adds nothing to our
             | understanding.
        
               | barrysteve wrote:
               | Who would do that? What does it prove to do that?
               | 
               | Describe a metaphysical house that could never exist. One
               | with mc esher stairs and melted clocks everywhere.
               | 
               | Who would do that? What would it prove to do that?
               | 
               | Yes computers can be a waste of time.. what's your point?
               | You want me to tell you how to improve science with
               | computing to save you from simplicity, or should I just
               | instead do it...
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | What did you mean by "simplicity" when you wrote:
               | 
               | > She redefines science to require simplicity, when it
               | simply doesn't require it.
               | 
               | The point of my example is to show that you _don 't_ add
               | unnecessary complexity if you don't need to. But if you
               | think that weather and plasma physics are examples of
               | "ghastly complex" things, you're not talking about the
               | same _category_ of complexity as the one every scientist
               | will argue against.
               | 
               | It's the difference between saying "go is hard" because
               | it took until AlphaGo to make an AI to play it well vs.
               | "go is easy" because the rules fit on a matchbox in a
               | normal font.
        
               | barrysteve wrote:
               | You're not adding the complexity, it's out there. One
               | would hope we're aiming at modelling nature.
               | 
               | The human body is incredibly complex and making simple
               | theories about it doesn't help so much. As you said, Go
               | is incredibly complex and it took ML to tackle it.
               | 
               | ML is a good case, is it simple or is it complex? The
               | ideas we use to communicate the program are simple
               | enough. It's polynomial regression or it's a neural
               | network. Understandable ideal simple terms, but what the
               | program practically executes is much more complex.
               | 
               | Why ditch understanding what's going on under the hood so
               | that we can live in the land of ideal simplicities? Those
               | usually come last after you get what's going on and have
               | refined your practicalities down.
               | 
               | We need better tools _for everything_ and we 're not
               | going to get there by ignoring the practical and complex
               | parts.
               | 
               | Sabine is happy to kill off looking at complexity because
               | Penrose is hypothesizing about the nature of life under
               | the guise of pre-big bang physics.
               | 
               | Okay I get her relationship to Penrose.. why do I have to
               | stop exploring complexity again? Cause it's not divinely
               | simple.. and/or because she said so?
               | 
               | But again I admit I waste my own time and maybe yours, we
               | wont merge our views. The eagle never lost as much time
               | as he did, talking to the raven.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | As I say, you're using the words "complex" and "simple"
               | in a fundamentally different way than Sabine (and most
               | every scientist) is using them.
               | 
               | For science and scientists, it's the
               | complexity/simplicity of the _rules_ that matters.
               | 
               | You're arguing against a point Sabine doesn't make.
        
       | RappingBoomer wrote:
       | or when it will end, despite university profs trying to justify
       | their high salaries by confidently predicting exactly what will
       | happen to the universe...no one knows, despite lying university
       | blowhards telling us that they know everything
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | But isn't Webb calling the BBT into question?
       | 
       | Even if we answer how it began there is still:
       | 
       | 1) Why?
       | 
       | 2) What was there before that?
       | 
       | 3) And before that?
       | 
       | 4( And before that? And so on.
       | 
       | It's the rabbit hole only hallucinogens can fill.
        
         | Victerius wrote:
         | My pet theory: Something has always existed. There was no
         | beginning. No origin. No first cause. No t=0. No start. It's
         | always been there. What was before that? That. And that. And
         | that. Always that.
         | 
         | And the Second Law of Thermodynamics is not absolute and can be
         | broken.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | Understanding what time is and what time isn't can deeply
           | affect ones view of the universe. Being stuck down here in a
           | gravity well we think of time as a fundamental thing that
           | ticks along the same for everyone. But when we start looking
           | at things at cosmological scales even the idea of a t=0
           | starts to bend and break.
           | 
           | For example look at particle interactions. The vast majority
           | of them you can play them forward and backwards and they look
           | exactly the same. You wouldn't be able to tell which way the
           | video is running. The only way we can tell there is an arrow
           | of time is because at some point a field asymmetry occurred.
           | In a universe where all fields are symmetrical the idea of
           | time simply breaks down and has no meaning.
           | 
           | The history of the Universe channel touches on this in their
           | latest video.
           | 
           | Linked the wrong video, this is the one I meant to link:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9m0sz2sUfU
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSCrSkK2HcQ
        
           | jondeval wrote:
           | > My pet theory: Something has always existed. There was no
           | beginning. No origin. No first cause. No t=0. No start. It's
           | always been there. What was before that? That. And that. And
           | that. Always that.
           | 
           | Your pet theory is the view of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and
           | the Roman Catholic Church. The mistake that people make (you
           | can even see it in this thread), is that they start with some
           | preconceived conception of God, with all it's baggage, and
           | then they attempt argue for, or against, this concept.
           | 
           | The more productive approach is to recognize and acknowledge
           | the necessary existence of a base reality. Then you simply
           | assign the English word 'God' as a reference pointer to this
           | base reality.
           | 
           | const God = (the one base reality that exists necessarily)
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > The more productive approach is to recognize and
             | acknowledge the necessary existence of a base reality. Then
             | you simply assign the English word 'God' as a reference
             | pointer to this base reality.
             | 
             | You can, but I'm not sure how "then" onwards is going to
             | help -- the people I've seen conflating these things before
             | will still conflate them after doing this.
        
               | jondeval wrote:
               | I don't follow you. Can you elaborate?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Alice: "So, we're all agreed, the word 'god' just means
               | 'base reality'?"
               | 
               | Bob: "Yup."
               | 
               | Christine: "Sure. And because this base reality exists,
               | that proves I was right all along about Jesus: he did die
               | for our sins."
               | 
               | Dhvan: "You mean it proves me right about Brahma."
               | 
               | Eris: "...the horned god."
               | 
               | Freya: "...Ragnarok."
               | 
               | and so on.
        
               | jondeval wrote:
               | Yup. I see what you mean and I do think in practice
               | conversations may proceed this way. And I think you are
               | illustrating well the point I made above.
               | 
               | The key idea though is that if you make a dispassionate
               | analysis of what this base reality must be, you find that
               | it has certain 'attributes'. So for example, anything
               | that has horns would not be good candidate for base
               | reality since the contingent concept of 'horn' would need
               | to be explained by, and derive its very existence from
               | something much more simple. So that simpler thing would
               | be the less bad candidate. Etc.
        
           | stackbutterflow wrote:
           | If time exists then there's always a before. Unless at some
           | point time didn't exist. But if time didn't exist and then
           | suddenly something started to tick, that's still a transition
           | from "no time" to "time" and this "no time" was before
           | "time".
           | 
           | These thoughts are driving me crazy. There must be a piece of
           | the puzzle we're missing.
           | 
           | There must be something about time that isn't or wasn't
           | always linear. Otherwise there's no end to the "who created
           | it" question.
           | 
           | It's similar to asking what contains the universe. And what
           | contains the thing that contains the universe.
        
             | chiefalchemist wrote:
             | It feels as if there's a force (?) that we're not yet
             | recognizing. Else, it's a crazy infinite loop.
             | 
             | Not that I'm saying this is true (just an example), but is
             | the Big Bang simply (?) the introduction of time into the
             | then time-less universe? It just doesn't make sense to say
             | "The universe started with the Big Bang" when what that was
             | prior was the universe but in a different form (or so we
             | guess).
             | 
             | So it seems that something else had to be introduced to
             | change the nature of the old universe into the new
             | universe. Else the "start" is more like a "transformation"
             | and even that opens a ton of questions.
             | 
             | My head hurts.
        
         | cf141q5325 wrote:
         | >It's the rabbit hole only hallucinogens can fill.
         | 
         | I really love Grant Morrisons theory. Treat yourself,
         | especially if you dont want to take that amount of drugs
         | yourself.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/KTMFBYXmvMk?t=282
         | 
         | edit: Alternatively the transcript starting at
         | 
         | >The universe we live in is designed to grow larvae.
         | 
         | till
         | 
         | > There's not one adult on this planet.
         | 
         | http://dedroidify.blogspot.com/2013/09/grant-morrisons-must-...
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | > It's the rabbit hole only hallucinogens can fill.
         | 
         | I am stealing this.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | > But isn't Webb calling the BBT into question?
         | 
         | Only in newspaper headlines. Gell-Mann amnesia effect applies.
         | 
         | https://youtube.com/shorts/1S2CxPUZDOY?feature=share
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure I saw something shared on HN last week or so.
           | Essentially, what Webb is sending back doesn't look like that
           | a BB should look like.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | The YouTube link I provided is to a professional astronomer
             | and science communicator and she is _explicitly_ saying
             | JWST data does no such thing and that reports claiming it
             | does are wrong.
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | For decades they told us it was the Big Bang and we believed
       | them.
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | <<they>>, <<us>>, <<we>> ? no matter what your beliefs are, I
         | urge you to figure out where it comes from, by who, and how
         | your beliefs are shared.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | I don't have a prevailing interest is how the universe was
           | formed. The subject matter doesn't interest me. What does
           | interest me is that the generally accepted position of all
           | scientists who worked in this field said "Big Bang" was the
           | de facto position. Until is suddenly isn't.
           | 
           | That just throws the whole reputation of all those scientists
           | into doubt with the average Joe.
        
             | tjpnz wrote:
             | The Big Bang theory is still very much the de facto theory.
             | The JWST findings while interesting are just one data point
             | and they'll be further investigated. But it's way too early
             | to say that BBT is dead.
             | 
             | Scientists are constantly finding better theories for
             | explaining things and I think the population in general
             | understands and accepts that.
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Everyone should be willing to change their position often
             | and without shame. Scientists in particular should not be
             | elevated for holding unmovable conclusions about anything.
             | They must be open to evidence proving their theories wrong.
             | 
             | Those who prefer blind trust in unchanging authorities will
             | be disappointed.
        
       | Ninjinka wrote:
       | God
        
         | tuyiown wrote:
         | ... or anything else
        
         | webmobdev wrote:
         | Which one? The Hindu / Buddhist / Sufi Islamist philosophy of
         | everyone being connected and being reborn / recycled comes
         | pretty close to the scientific postulation that _" energy is
         | constant and can neither be created nor destroyed but only
         | converted from one form to another"_. So when we die, our
         | energy conserved in our body becomes something else. The caveat
         | of the first law of thermodynamic is that all this happens only
         | _" in a closed system"_. So is God within this system, a part
         | of the system and part of the energy in this system (which
         | would mean that when we attain _Moksha_ / _Nirvana_ and escape
         | the cycle of rebirth  / reconversion, we become a part of
         | God)?. Or is God outside this system?
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | The conclusion of her article:
         | 
         | "So if you read yet another headline about some physicist who
         | thinks our universe could have begun this way or that way, you
         | should really read this as a creation myth written in the
         | language of mathematics. It's not wrong, but it isn't
         | scientific either. The Big Bang is the simplest explanation we
         | know, and that is probably wrong, and that's it. That's all
         | that science can tell us."
        
           | indigodaddy wrote:
           | "That's all that science can tell us."
           | 
           | Currently perhaps. There's a ton of big brains out there and
           | even more yet to be born.
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | Right.
         | 
         | And since we created God, we're The Masters of the Universe.
         | 
         | Cue He-Man music.
        
       | sagivo wrote:
       | Looking at a static stone and deducing where it fell from _may_
       | work based on the current rules you know today but no one tells
       | you these are the _only_ rules. We have to look at science as
       | best guess for the moment and not as absolute truth.
        
       | yewenjie wrote:
       | Any theory of everything has to fall into one of the options of
       | Agrippa's Trilemma -
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchhausen_trilemma
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | gcau wrote:
       | Things like the big bang seem to be things after the beginning of
       | the universe. In the same way, the issue with a god is "who
       | created god, and who created that who created god...". If he's
       | eternal, who/what made him eternal? We have the same problem in
       | science, and I think any explanation/theory would have the same
       | problem. Also, I dislike that when some physicists explain this
       | they say, "sure, you can get something from nothing" and then
       | change the definition of 'nothing' for their explanation to work.
       | I feel like it's a disservice to not just admit mayyybe we don't
       | know some things. Disclaimer: not a physicist and maybe missing
       | something.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | danwee wrote:
         | Indeed. We'll never know the beginning of everything; science
         | cannot accomplish that, religion cannot provide satisfactory
         | answers, and philosophy will always leave you half empty half
         | full.
         | 
         | That being said, discovering things is fun, so as human beings
         | we should not stop doing science/religion/philosophy/etc ever.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | aliasxneo wrote:
         | In the case of the Bible, it makes it explicitly clear that God
         | is uncreated. Asking the question, "Who created an uncreated
         | God?" doesn't make much sense in that case.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | Of course, but then immediately leads to the question: if we
           | admit that it is possible for God itself to be un-created,
           | why can't the universe itself be uncreated as well?
        
             | ssr2020 wrote:
             | The reason for easiness in regard to the complete otherness
             | of His Essence and His unrestrictedness is this: most
             | certainly, the Maker of the universe is not of the same
             | kind as the universe. His Essence resembles no other
             | essence at all. Since this is so, the obstacles and
             | restraints within the sphere of the universe cannot hinder
             | Him, they cannot restrict His actions. He has complete
             | disposal over the whole universe and is able to transform
             | all of it at the same time. If the disposal and actions
             | that are apparent in the universe were to be attributed to
             | it, it would cause so many difficulties and so much
             | confusion that neither would any order remain nor would
             | anything continue to exist; indeed, nothing would be able
             | to come into existence.        For example, if the masterly
             | art in vaulted domes is attributed to the stones of the
             | domes, and if the command of a battalion, which properly
             | belongs to its officer, is left to the soldiers, either
             | neither of them would ever come into existence, or with
             | great difficulty and confusion they would achieve a state
             | completely lacking in order. Whereas, if in order for the
             | situation of the stones in the dome to be achieved, it is
             | accorded to a master who is not a stone himself, and if the
             | command of the soldiers in the regiment is referred to an
             | officer who possesses the essential quality of officership,
             | both the art is easy and command and organization are easy.
             | This is because, while the stones and the soldiers are
             | obstacles to each other, the master and the officer can
             | look from every angle, they command without obstacle.
             | 
             | from Quran's Light
        
             | aliasxneo wrote:
             | That was a popular theory for a long time, although I think
             | it's declined over the years. I don't recall the reasons
             | why, though.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | Probably the Big Bang and evidence of inflation and the
               | CMB. There is a lot of credible evidence that our
               | universe had a definite beginning.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Note that I wasn't arguing against the big bang, or even
               | cosmology itself. I was only pointing out that the
               | concept of God doesn't add anything to the conversation.
               | 
               | It's also important to note that the big bang theory
               | completely leaves open the question of what there was in
               | the tiny tiny universe before inflation. Basically, the
               | current BBT describes how the universe evolved starting
               | from some time t=t0 + 10^-36 seconds. But that leaves a
               | gap after t0 but before this time.
               | 
               | Finally, the question of existence from nothing is
               | traditionally extended to the supposed singularity that
               | existed at t0 as well, though that is on shaker ground.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | I was just suggesting a reason why the solid state theory
               | of the cosmos fell out of favor - evidence to the
               | contrary.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | Sure, but this thread wasn't referring to the solid state
               | theory - it is referring to the philosophical problem of
               | creation from nothing.
               | 
               | That is, in our usual life, everything that exists comes
               | from something else that exists. But we can't easily
               | apply this rule to the very beginning of the universe (be
               | it the big bang or whatever other model).
               | 
               | So, the question is - how do we handle this? Thomas
               | Aquinas said that this is itself proof of God's
               | existence: the universe did not exist at some point, then
               | God created the first thing. Of course, the next logical
               | question is - ok, then how does the rule apply to God?
               | And the religious say - well, the rule doesn't apply to
               | God, only to creation.
               | 
               | But, if we accept that the rule isn't universal, then we
               | can also choose not to apply it to the beginning of the
               | universe. Instead, we can tweak the rule to say that
               | everything _except the singularity at the beginning of
               | the Universe_ is created by another existing thing; the
               | singularity itself was always there and requires no
               | explanation. This is perfectly consistent with the Big
               | Bang theory, and is in fact how most scientists
               | conceptualize it (or, they say that questions about the
               | origin of that singularity make no sense, since time
               | itself began once the singularity started inflating, but
               | this is philosophically similar).
               | 
               | Of course, we can posit anything we want about that
               | singularity and its past (if any), and we will never
               | contradict another theory, since there is no remnant in
               | the existing universe of what came before inflation, so
               | whatever theory we want will be consistent with the
               | current universe.
               | 
               | Did a different universe collapse into that singularity,
               | perhaps one with slightly different constants of nature?
               | Sure, why not. Was it a regular black hole in another,
               | larger, universe that still exists, but which is too far
               | away from us to be detectable in any way now that space-
               | time has expanded so much? Possibly, why not. Did gods
               | and demons fight until they a powerful sorceror cast a
               | spell to imprison them into single point, where they and
               | there magic were ground to dust and exploded in the
               | inflation? Perfectly coherent with all known physical
               | theories.
        
               | hota_mazi wrote:
               | There are also hypotheses stating that the universe has
               | always existed and that the Big Bang was just a phase
               | change.
               | 
               | This blows away all religious arguments trying to plug a
               | creator in there: since the universe was never created,
               | it doesn't need a creator.
        
             | ibn_khaldun wrote:
             | The attributes between the universe and The Creator would
             | need to be differentiated.
             | 
             | In other words, the properties of that which is uncreated
             | would need to be defined so they can be distinguished from
             | something that is created. These properties have to be
             | understood and accepted as an exclusive set that cannot be
             | "distributed" or "shared" among other beings; in order to
             | dispel the notion that there can be multiple uncreated
             | beings or beings that are created that share attributes
             | with The Creator.
        
           | kthejoker2 wrote:
           | To be clear, it makes a ton of _sense_ to ask such a
           | question.
           | 
           | The underlying assumption to the question is why only one
           | thing is allowed to be uncreated .. ? Are there others like
           | them, much like here on Earth where we have many authors
           | writing many books? The Bible doesn't answer those at all, it
           | starts _in media res_ (despite its first three words!)
           | 
           | (I have other complaints about such a God but)
        
             | ARandomerDude wrote:
             | The Bible very explicitly teaches that there are no other
             | gods. Here is one passage among many.
             | 
             | Isaiah 44:6-8 ESV
             | 
             | Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer,
             | the LORD of hosts: "I am the first and I am the last;
             | besides me there is no god. [7] Who is like me? Let him
             | proclaim it. Let him declare and set it before me, since I
             | appointed an ancient people. Let them declare what is to
             | come, and what will happen. [8] Fear not, nor be afraid;
             | have I not told you from of old and declared it? And you
             | are my witnesses! Is there a God besides me? There is no
             | Rock; I know not any."
        
               | hota_mazi wrote:
               | Yes but why should we care what the bible says,
               | especially when what it says contradicts science?
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | > it says contradicts science?
               | 
               | contradicting science is no great flaw. "Science"
               | contradicts itself from time to time.
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | It would be more accurate to say that science corrects
               | itself. At any given time there are ideas which appear to
               | have been verified as much as possible, others which are
               | near speculation, and others which are quite uncertain
               | with evidence for and against.
               | 
               | What I think the parent means by contradicting science is
               | rather different: the Bible says things which go against
               | ideas which we believe have been verified by evidence,
               | but the Bible won't be changed to reflect that
               | understanding. On the other hand, science will change its
               | idea of what it thinks to be true as more evidence
               | becomes available. Nobody changes things in the Bible.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | In other places, it says pretty explicitly that there are
               | other gods:
               | 
               | Pslams 95:3 ESV
               | 
               | For the LORD is a great God, and a great King above all
               | gods.
               | 
               | Psalms 97:7 ESV
               | 
               | All worshipers of images are put to shame, who make their
               | boast in worthless idols; worship him, all you gods!
               | 
               | Deuteronomy 32:8 NRSV (less henotheistic in other
               | translatins)
               | 
               | When the Most High apportioned the nations, when he
               | divided humankind, he fixed the boundaries of the peoples
               | according to the number of the gods;
               | 
               | And there are others. We know pretty clearly from
               | historical sources that the early Jews were henotheistic
               | (recognized the existence of other gods, but only
               | worshipped YHWH), and that is preserved in the oldest
               | parts of the Old Testament. Even Genesis often uses a
               | plural when God talks about his works - today that is
               | often explained as talking about himself and the angels
               | or even the holy trinity, but it is very likely it
               | originally referred to the god of Israel and the other
               | (lesser) gods in the heavens.
        
         | kirse wrote:
         | _the issue with a god is "who created god, and who created that
         | who created god..."_
         | 
         | It is if you assume God is bound to the chain of causation, but
         | obviously any creator is likely unbound by the system of laws
         | in which his creation exists, the same as when we create a
         | video game we stand apart from it. I always liked the Dr.
         | Quantum Flatland as an example of god-like capabilities wrt
         | dimensionality:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEVEKL1Fbx0
        
           | tqkxzugoaupvwqr wrote:
           | Even if the creator exists outside their creation under
           | different laws of physics (if any), who created the creator
           | or how did the creator come to be?
           | 
           | (I can't watch the video right now.)
        
             | shukantpal wrote:
             | That question assumes the default state is they didn't
             | exist already
        
               | simondw wrote:
               | But how does this "uncaused cause" add anything to our
               | understanding of the cosmos, beyond adding one more
               | entity?
               | 
               | Why not say that God was created by God_1, who just
               | already existed?
        
               | ssijak wrote:
               | seems like both your Gods were created by a SuperGod who
               | is programming the simulation in Python
        
             | Keyframe wrote:
             | recursion is one of the possible explanations as well. No
             | beginning, no end.
        
             | tresqotheq wrote:
             | > did the creator come to be..
             | 
             | Time, and causuality, is a construct _inside_ of our
             | universe. Asking who created the creator is like asking
             | which way is down when you are in outer space..
        
               | craftsman wrote:
               | If you can't use the concept of causality outside of the
               | universe, then the idea that there's a creator outside of
               | the universe who caused the universe is already out of
               | bounds.
        
               | tresqotheq wrote:
               | > who caused the universe is already out of bounds.
               | 
               | "caused" can mean a different thing. Imagine causualty in
               | a 3d FPS video game, and the creation of the game itself.
               | Though they are similar in semantics, one is different
               | from the other.
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | By the same logic the universe itself (as opposed to its
           | contents including the laws of nature) then the universe
           | isn't necessarily bound to the internal system of laws, and
           | all the same arguments can apply there with no need for a
           | creator!
        
       | draw_down wrote:
        
       | zugi wrote:
       | In his famous talk "A Universe from Nothing", Lawrence Krauss
       | makes the same point, if slightly less definitively. ("We may
       | never know", and that's okay -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ImvlS8PLIo)
       | 
       | By analogy he describes how, due to the expansion of the
       | universe, Milky Way residents 100 billion years from now will be
       | unable to observe the cosmic background radiation or any galaxy
       | but our own. Civilizations wil evolve, invent science, use the
       | best tools possible, and incorrectly conclude that the universe
       | consists of one single galaxy alone in a vast sea of empty space.
       | 
       | When we triply rewrite hard drives, we understand that
       | information can be destroyed. Sometimes the universe does the
       | samething. Sometimes information is irretrievably lost.
        
       | GrigoriyMikh wrote:
       | I enjoyed the video. But clickbaity title with "we will never
       | know" disgusts me.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | But that is the whole point. It's a question outside what
         | science can ever know, even in principle.
        
       | rwbt wrote:
       | Reminds me of something Karl Popper philosophized about. I'm
       | completely butchering it ofcourse, but it goes along something
       | like this - Every scientific theory is waiting to be falsified by
       | future generations. He concludes that everything in Empirical
       | sciences cannot be proven, but instead they're only falsifiable.
        
       | mxkopy wrote:
       | John Wheeler popularized the term "it from bit" and the idea of a
       | participatory universe. The limits of human observation aside, it
       | could be that the universe itself doesn't really know how it
       | began. If a superheated plasma is indifferent to being in a 5
       | dimensional black hole as opposed to a state where only space
       | exists, then, in a sense, there isn't any difference between the
       | two explanations (given that the plasma is the entire universe).
       | 
       | There's this phenomenon in science where you think something is
       | arbitrary, it could've happened in any number of ways. Then you
       | do some digging and find out there is actually only one possible
       | way for it to happen, none of the other ways make logical sense.
       | And it's not a matter of initial state or anything, but of
       | geometry or something.
       | 
       | Sometimes, after I put down the crack pipe, I wonder if there is
       | only one possible way for the universe to exist, and knowing it
       | isn't a matter of observation, but of abstraction, that irreal
       | logical constructions are actually not abstract enough to explain
       | the universe, etc.
       | 
       | Maybe a variable initial state doesn't make logical sense at the
       | end of the day. Maybe the numbers we have to plug into the models
       | to make them work are like pi or the zeros of the zeta function,
       | maybe they just fall out of some result in group theory or sth
       | idk
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | After I pick up the crack pipe from my HN brother, I come to
         | the same conclusion. Most questions aren't even answerable in a
         | cosmic context because they become ill formed at that level.
        
           | stakkur wrote:
           | After requesting the crack pipe from my fellow traveler, I
           | conclude that the answer doesn't matter. The universe Is.
        
             | honkdaddy wrote:
             | Putting down my bong and loading another, I remark to the
             | travelers that the human brain is the only set of atoms in
             | the universe which wonders why they are there. All the
             | other atoms seem perfectly happy to exist at all.
        
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