[HN Gopher] Why are border smugglers trafficking bologna?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why are border smugglers trafficking bologna?
        
       Author : indigodaddy
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2022-08-16 23:06 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.texasmonthly.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.texasmonthly.com)
        
       | chiph wrote:
       | > artisanal bologna
       | 
       | Two words I never thought I'd see next to each other.
       | 
       | Growing up we ate the Oscar Meyer product. Not great, but when
       | you're 10 years old, it's fine. But they've got a point - bologna
       | for adult tastes just doesn't exist, and someone should give it a
       | whirl.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | They call it mortadella, and it features pistachios.
        
           | p1necone wrote:
           | There's also the slavic "doctors sausage"[1], which ideally
           | has much less fillers in it than American Bologna, but is
           | very similar in concept.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor%27s_sausage
        
             | JetAlone wrote:
             | I remember watching a youtube video on Doctor Sausage. Next
             | time I meet an older/elderly Eastern European who lived in
             | the Soviet Union I should ask them how they remember it.
             | 
             | EDIT: here it is, this is the video I saw, includes one
             | interview with a babushka:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcxQBkdughc
        
               | nibbleshifter wrote:
               | I still see doctors sausage on sale in most of the
               | Eastern European shops here, I'm told the recipe/process
               | hasn't changed at all.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | The recipe was carved into law a few different times.
        
           | buildsjets wrote:
           | They also call it Lebanon Bologna, and it's pretty easy to
           | make from scratch at home. Common in Amish areas of the USA.
           | 
           | https://www.myfermentation.com/meat-and-fish/Lebanon-
           | bologna...
        
           | sph wrote:
           | What Americans call bologna, it isn't what Italians call
           | bologna or mortadella.
           | 
           | Whatever the hell is this
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_sausage vs the real
           | deal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortadella
           | 
           | But to be honest I always thought mortadella was overrated.
           | I'm more of a salame kind of guy.
        
             | ska wrote:
             | I've read that bologna was invented as a knock off
             | mortadella. If true, it makes sense that there isn't really
             | "artisanal" bologna.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > honest I always thought mortadella was overrated
             | 
             | > I'm more of a salame kind of guy.
             | 
             | two times wrong:
             | 
             | - mortadella is delicious, if you don't like it, fine,
             | you're the rounding error, but nobody is over selling it,
             | people just love it because what's not to love about it?
             | 
             | - salame is not an alternative to mortadella, it's a
             | completely different product (mortadella is cooked, salame
             | is air-dried), in the same way a steak is not an
             | alternative to bresaola (same animal, different process).
        
               | soledades wrote:
               | um, they're both food, are they not?
               | 
               | and yeah salame definitely better.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | > um, they're both food, are they not?
               | 
               | ice cream and broccoli are both food too...
               | 
               | > and yeah salame definitely better.
               | 
               | according to your taste maybe, and that's completely fine
               | 
               | but AFAIK people love them both.
        
             | JetAlone wrote:
             | The pictured mortadella with olives looks interesting. I'd
             | wanna try that.
        
               | casta wrote:
               | Those are pistachios, not olives.
        
               | tartoran wrote:
               | Some have olives as well, I tried it myself years ago.
               | Mortadella is delicious though in the US there are two
               | versions for sale. I forgot which, is the one that is a
               | bit too dry and not to my taste. In my 40s now I stay
               | away from processed meats as much as I can.
        
               | JetAlone wrote:
               | The second image on the page depicts mortadela with
               | pistachios.
               | 
               | But I am talking about the fourth image: https://upload.w
               | ikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Mortadel...
               | 
               | Mortadela_com_azeitonas.jpg
               | 
               | Auto translate tells me that "azeitonas" [Portuguese
               | (Brazil) detected] translates to "olives" in english.
        
               | Natsu wrote:
               | Yes, that's the correct translation of azeitonas.
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | That's because what is sold in America as bologna is mostly
             | an American product and not actually descended from Italy.
             | Like many things in the US, it was produced and sold by and
             | for immigrants.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZaOK0Cj3ug
        
             | Morgawr wrote:
             | >it isn't what Italians call bologna
             | 
             | Nitpicking, but Italians don't call it Bologna anyway. In
             | Italy Bologna is just one very specific thing: a city
             | (where I'm from :))
        
               | sph wrote:
               | I'm from Piedmont, and I've heard it called bologna a
               | couple times, though I know mortadella is the common
               | name.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | specifically, traditionally mortadella from Bologna is
               | without pistaches, I prefer the variant we have in
               | central Italy (the one from Rome), that always contains
               | them.
               | 
               | Original mortadella was born in Latium, Bologna made it
               | popular.
        
               | thefz wrote:
               | Yeah, and we have zero products called "Bologna" nor the
               | awful "baloney". That food looks more like salame tipo
               | Praga.
        
           | Morgawr wrote:
           | > and it features pistachios.
           | 
           | Doesn't have to. Although they are common.
        
         | MiddleEndian wrote:
         | I just realized I've never had bologna as an adult. Curious to
         | try a bologna sandwich now.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | Pan fry it and put it between white bread with pickle slices
           | and a little mayo + salt/pepper
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Delicios but really unhealthy in my oppinion
        
               | soledades wrote:
               | off topic
        
               | skyyler wrote:
               | If health is the only reason you eat food I feel really
               | bad for you.
        
               | MiddleEndian wrote:
               | Don't worry I'm not expecting this to be healthy or
               | become a staple of my diet lol
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | About every five years or so I feel like I don't remember
               | why I don't eat bologna so I buy a pound and eat baloney
               | sandwiches for a week (because when I eat sandwiches I do
               | the sameish sandwich all week). After about three days I
               | go to the bathroom and remember why I don't eat bologna
               | sandwiches regularly.
               | 
               | It's very fatty and greasy.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | > The Department of Agriculture prohibits travelers from bringing
       | most pork products into the U.S. because they can carry maladies
       | such as foot-and-mouth disease and African swine fever.
       | 
       | I wonder what this actually looks like in practice? Is this a
       | real risk or "we've always done it this way"? Do different non-US
       | countries have different risk profiles?
       | 
       | The customs people took a chunk of prosciutto my parents brought
       | back to the US that my Italian in-laws had given them. What a
       | waste. And Italy takes its food very seriously and
       | professionally. I'd even go so far as to say that it's mostly
       | higher quality than in the US in many ways.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | I think lot of countries have restrictions like this to prevent
         | foreign pests and diseases from coming in. Right now California
         | is dealing with cockroaches from Turkestan and Florida with
         | African snails. Its easy for pests to spread when there is no
         | native predators. California also does further pest inspections
         | if you enter by roads.
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | A vacuum sealed chunk of prosciutto is different than a crate
           | of bananas or live fish or something.
        
             | pkaye wrote:
             | I've read after Brexit truck drivers traveling from UK to
             | EU can no longer bring sandwiches with them. So even EU has
             | those rules.
             | 
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55622331
        
         | ska wrote:
         | The risk is low, but the upside is essentially zero (from the
         | point of view of customs)
        
           | xboxnolifes wrote:
           | From the point of view of customs, there is no upside to
           | allowing people to bring _anything_ through. So, that doesn
           | 't really explain why this is different from other things
           | that are allowed.
        
             | ziddoap wrote:
             | > _there is no upside to allowing people to bring anything
             | through. So, that doesn 't really explain why this is
             | different from other things that are allowed._
             | 
             | The difference is the potential downside of some things as
             | compared to other things. It's all about balancing risk.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | If you only flagged items that are actually dangerous you
               | wouldn't have the opportunity to flex your authority as
               | often.
               | 
               | Do you want to be the head of the department that "saves
               | American lives by preventing the import of contraband" a
               | million times a year, or a thousand times a year? Who do
               | you think gets more funding?
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | I think it's funny that you think Customs and Border
               | Patrol agents have to justify their work at all. There
               | were literal TV shows making them out to be the saviors
               | of America.
               | 
               | They also don't need any excuse to flex their authority,
               | they've been given broad ability to violate rights with
               | very few specific requirements. Remember, these are the
               | same people who can legally deny you entry to the US if
               | you don't show them your facebook profile if you aren't a
               | US citizen.
        
         | nicwilson wrote:
         | At least for Australia and New Zealand, who are probably the
         | most biosec paranoid countries, there are a large number of
         | reasons. mostly do to with introduction of pests and other
         | potentially ecologically damaging effects, see introduction of
         | cane toads. Those pests can be anything from viruses to mites
         | (see current bee crises) through to domestic animals. Part of
         | this paranoia comes from the evolutional isolation, and part of
         | it comes from the fact that they are islands, and so it is
         | feasible to implement measures to block the importation of
         | foreign materials.
         | 
         | Food, unless it has been thoroughly cooked or cured, is a risk
         | and the diversity of stuff people bring back is enormous.
         | Obviously Australia and New Zealand import food, but that
         | requires licences and is regulated and inspected.
         | 
         | I would have thought that land border inspections would be less
         | paranoid about food provided that the neighbouring country has
         | similar regulations. But I guess that better describes e.g.
         | mainland EU borders or the US-Canada border rather than the US-
         | Mexico border.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The US-Canada border has the same restrictions. You can't
           | bring many fresh foods over the border even if you're
           | actually reimporting a product produced in the same country.
        
           | 4gotunameagain wrote:
           | Humans are funny. After having caused Australia's Pleistocene
           | megafaunal extinction, we now have decided to be in charge.
           | 
           | Same with the US and immigration..
           | 
           | And yes, of course it is more complicated than that but I
           | cannot forgo of the irony of our existence.
        
         | walrus01 wrote:
         | The US is extremely lax compared to NZ's biosafety laws.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > Is this a real risk or "we've always done it this way"?
         | 
         | I assume the risk assessment assumes some percentage of sick
         | pigs are contained within each. In the US, this percentage is
         | tracked. From another country, the upper, and probably very
         | realistic, bound is 100%. Think small, unvaccinated farm, or
         | one that slaughters sick pigs because they need the money. It
         | would be interesting to see their math.
         | 
         | Swine fever just recently has a vaccine. I doubt many US pigs
         | are vaccinated: https://www.science.org/content/article/news-
         | glance-african-...
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | > because they can carry maladies such as foot-and-mouth
         | disease and African swine fever
         | 
         | sounds more like it's related to tariffs and whatnot, bologna
         | is cooked, so there's no risk of spreading germs.
        
           | jamiek88 wrote:
           | >so there's no risk of spreading germs.
           | 
           | This is not true. Prion diseases can for sure survive
           | cooking.
           | 
           | Foot and mouth can too I believe.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > Prion diseases can for sure survive cooking.
             | 
             | but it's not found in the cuts used to make Bologna...
             | 
             | And BTW it's been heavily controlled and it was mostly a
             | domestic threat spread in living animals through their food
             | supply.
             | 
             | Hand foot and mouth disease is usually not lethal and it
             | spreads through close personal contact. If they wanted to
             | block it at the border, they should block the people, not
             | the food.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | I can imagine some very plausible pathways whereby some
               | amount of lunch meat ends up eaten by pigs.
               | 
               | I would also wager you are far too confident that central
               | nerves aren't ending up in the chubs.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | Pork is not implicated in prion disease, according to
               | NIAID. [0] It might make sense to suspect any particular
               | bologna could contain other meats, but as TFA explains
               | Mexican bologna tastes better because it _doesn 't_
               | contain beef (or presumably, venison.)
               | 
               | [0] https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/prion-
               | research
        
               | sleepybrett wrote:
               | My understanding is that Bologna is a bit like hotdogs,
               | pretty much made out of whatever left over scraps they
               | can find.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | still pork meat, not related to prion.
               | 
               | coppa di testa [1] is made with srcaps from pork head, it
               | was never involved in the ban regarding the "mad cow"
               | disease
               | 
               | [1] https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppa_di_testa
        
         | krispyfi wrote:
         | If the problem is really about "maladies", I've always though
         | that irradiating food products at customs would be a good
         | compromise to allow people to keep what they brought (for a
         | nominal fee).
         | 
         | Maybe it isn't effective against viruses or prions.
         | 
         | Maybe the public perception that irradiated food becomes
         | radioactive is to strong.
         | 
         | Maybe the problem is actually about protecting domestic
         | industry...
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | It is ineffective against prions, and not very effective
           | against virus. But also, irradiating food is a complex
           | process that depends on expensive machinery. It's not
           | something that customs can do in a rush.
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | You can't bring any Citrus either in the US (lemon, grapefruit,
         | oranges...)
         | 
         | One of the problems for meat was also that people would bring
         | homemade goods inside commercial containers, or bring wild
         | animal meat...
        
           | sleepybrett wrote:
           | My understanding of this, and this is also something that is
           | enforced at certain us state borders as well, is this is
           | primarily about insect and other parasites that may be on/in
           | the fruit (or their eggs). I remember having to toss a bunch
           | of fruit at the california border a few years back.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tmm84 wrote:
         | I don't believe it has to do with X country takes food more
         | seriously. I do believe it has to do with labelling at some
         | point, say something that is labelled from X country but is
         | coming in from Y country. The person bringing it in from Y
         | country will argue the label is true and that it is from X
         | country but it just costs less in Y country. But, how can
         | border agents guarantee that it is what the label says it is?
         | They can't. Same thing with that prosciutto, you say it is
         | Italian made but there is no way border agents can honestly
         | guarantee that it is and that any possible bugs/bacteria/etc
         | aren't in it. Also, I believe that it is the whole transport of
         | such meat/agriculture products. Things like temperatures,
         | packaging, labelling, etc are important when it comes to food
         | safety. Something that is deemed unfit for human consumption
         | may get a pass elsewhere. I'm pretty sure it is an 80% of the
         | stuff out there is safe but 20% is unsafe so customs just
         | tackles all 100% as unsafe to prevent mistakes.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
         | The risks are very real. The US pork industry is substantial in
         | scale, and because of a combination of geographic isolation and
         | legal measures like this, has managed to keep several nasty
         | pathogens out.
         | 
         | Remember when Bill Gates was going around about 2 decades ago,
         | warning everyone of the risk of a global pandemic? The specific
         | scenario/simulation his foundation used as an example was a
         | mutation of swine flu emerging in rural Brazil then making the
         | leap to the global food system via the US.
         | 
         | I get its frustrating not to be able to take stuff home. I
         | gained a dozen pounds of water bloat I ate so much charcuterie
         | in Tuscany. But the bottom line of these laws is that the
         | health of the industry as a whole matters more than us
         | individuals enjoying what's ultimately a luxury not necessity.
         | 
         | Aside: I'd say Italy is a mixed bag in terms of food handling.
         | I toured a cattle ranch and it was pretty grim. Lifelong
         | intensive confinement seemed to be the norm. But what I would
         | say I loved about Italy is the importance food is given in
         | ordinary life. Sure, I'm not overly romanticizing things,
         | people of people just order some dominos in Italy too, but I
         | think it's fair to say there's a higher priority paid to proper
         | food vs the US.
        
           | Ichthypresbyter wrote:
           | >Sure, I'm not overly romanticizing things, people of people
           | just order some dominos in Italy too
           | 
           | I don't think very many do, given that the Italian Domino's
           | franchise recently went bankrupt [0] having managed to open
           | 29 of its planned 880 restaurants.
           | 
           | Of course, plenty of Italians eat fast food (McDonald's is
           | reasonably successful there), just not imported American
           | versions of Italian food.
           | 
           | [0]https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/10/dominos-
           | retrea...
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | Yeah, you're right now that I think about it.
             | 
             | I have a long standing personal joke about how no matter
             | where you go in the world, you'll see Domino's delivery
             | scooters there most likely, except in the US. I dunno why I
             | find that so amusing but I do.
        
       | walrus01 wrote:
       | "The quantities of intercepted bologna are so large that it's
       | hard to believe "
        
         | Natsu wrote:
         | I bet it's easy to train the dogs to find this...
        
           | soledades wrote:
           | hahaha those dogs are definitely living their best life
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | No artisanal bologna? I had some in a breakfast sandwich at my
       | local diner just last week. Awesome!
        
       | rmason wrote:
       | I think this is potentially a pretty fair startup idea. Here in
       | Michigan I knew farmers who had meat packing plants on the farm.
       | Most of them closed because they couldn't compete on price with
       | the big meatpackers. There are also several large meatpacking
       | plants in Detroit though most of them have been closed for up to
       | thirty years.
       | 
       | Here's a niche where you could compete as long as you could get
       | distribution and create a strong brand name. There's no good
       | reason you couldn't create bologna just as good as the Mexicans.
       | In fact there's a good chance you could export it to Canada as
       | well.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Additionally they probably couldn't compete with food safety
         | regulatory requirements and related baseline costs required for
         | revenue positive distribution.
         | 
         | https://www.sqfi.com/partners/compliance-and-integrity-progr...
         | 
         | https://safefoodalliance.com/food-safety-resources/what-is-g...
         | 
         | https://www.fda.gov/food/hazard-analysis-critical-control-po...
         | 
         | https://www.sysco.com/dam/jcr:596b9459-7e35-4ee0-8a4d-16b8bd...
        
       | Breadnought wrote:
       | "The hull of a Boeing 727 but made entirely of flesh". This
       | article is fun.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ramadan_steve wrote:
        
       | joshu wrote:
       | ok but does it taste different?
        
         | nibbleshifter wrote:
         | It uses different ingredients (purely pork, no filler of
         | chicken or beef), so... Yes.
        
       | citrin_ru wrote:
       | I have an impression that US is a nation of germophobes and FDA
       | regulations are affected by this to great degree. People who
       | afraid to eat food which contains (or can potentially contain)
       | even harmless bacteria are numerous enough to deprive others of
       | free choice of food to eat.
       | 
       | Many cheese varieties enjoyed by people in Europe and around the
       | world are illegal in the US. French Brie would be en example (I
       | personally like it).
        
         | Wohlf wrote:
         | The FDA is a bureaucracy that optimizes for only one thing, so
         | this is what happens.
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | It's honestly kinda amazing how much stuff is forbidden via FDA
         | for "safety". I bet FDA bureaucrats would get a stroke if they
         | knew millions of Germans are regularly eating raw, ground pork
         | on bread rolls.
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Most of these customs prohibitions are not to protect people
           | eating it -- it's to protect disease from being spread to
           | local agriculture.
        
             | VHRanger wrote:
             | It's often to protect local producers from global
             | competition
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | New Zealand has battled this with its meat and dairy
               | industries in the EU and US.
               | 
               | Don't be the small player.
        
             | callmeal wrote:
             | >Most of these customs prohibitions are not to protect
             | people eating it -- it's to protect disease from being
             | spread to local agriculture.
             | 
             | It's the other way around - these prohibitions are to
             | prevent the unsanitary conditions at slaughterhouses from
             | causing outbreaks. It's these conditions that cause the US
             | to be the only country in the world that dunks slaughtered
             | chickens in bleach before selling them.
             | 
             | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/food-and-drink/features/us-
             | trade...
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I'm speaking generally about agricultural customs
               | restrictions
        
           | MichaelCollins wrote:
           | The FDA won't stop anybody from eating raw pork in America.
           | They stop you from _selling_ something like that to other
           | people, because experience has showed that corporations
           | cannot be trusted with something like that.
        
             | the_gipsy wrote:
             | You can buy it in german supermarkets:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mett
        
             | Dracophoenix wrote:
             | They'll prevent you from importing foodstuffs and
             | prescriptions as well, even if it's just for personal use.
             | Such is the case with Kinder Eggs, baby food, and foreign
             | insulin. It has nothing to do with corporations.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | The strange thing is that generally EU regulatory agencies
           | will do preventative policy, putting controlling regulations
           | on something because there is reasonable suspicion it will
           | cause harm, whereas US agencies will do reactive policy,
           | where it is basically a free-for-all until significant harm
           | has been demonstrated.
        
           | googlryas wrote:
           | That actually more appropriately describes the EU safety
           | mindset: "Ban it, unless we can show it is safe", whereas the
           | US is more "Allow it, unless we can show it is unsafe". All
           | sorts of things, like random food colorings, are banned by
           | the EU, even though they have no ability to show anyone has
           | ever been even remotely harmed by them.
           | 
           | I think what you're pointing out may just come down to a
           | differing view as to what are acceptable losses for eating
           | raw pork.
           | 
           | And, in fact, Germany has regulations for handling mett(which
           | I assume you're talking about), indicating it can only be
           | served on the day it is made, and you can't make it out of
           | previously frozen pork.
        
           | connicpu wrote:
           | There's certain parts of America that regularly eat raw
           | ground beef on slices of bread! The FDA/USDA can't really do
           | much once the product leaves the well regulated grocery
           | stores
        
             | mrguyorama wrote:
             | More importantly, the USDA/FDA seem to significantly draw
             | back what they consider their duty by the time the product
             | leaves a distributor. You can order a nearly raw burger, or
             | straight up tartare at plenty of restaurants, with the only
             | heads up being a small notice in fine print that it could
             | kill you, which I'm not even sure is a regulation but
             | possibly instead a liability thing.
             | 
             | The FDA/USDA is just trying to stop giant companies from
             | distributing only shit products with no alternatives like
             | it was (supposedly) in the 20s. If you buy a cow and drink
             | it's milk straight from the udder, the FDA does not care.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | > _afraid to eat_
         | 
         | Maybe, but this article isn't about that. It doesn't say
         | anything about whether food is safe to eat, nor does it mention
         | the FDA.
         | 
         | It does mention diseases (avian influenza, mad cow disease,
         | African swine fever) and pests (wood-boring), and it talks
         | about the economic damage they could cause / have caused to
         | agriculture.
        
         | frozenlettuce wrote:
         | yet, they place a lot of trust in the meat industry when eating
         | rare steaks
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | Isn't US rare more cooked than the rest of the world? I think
           | I remember needing to ask for medium or more in Paris to get
           | what I expected for medium rare?
           | 
           | A fair amount of differences in food safety practices has to
           | do with where cleanliness is done. For example, I'm told
           | European eggs are usually not industrially washed, so you can
           | leave them on the counter, but you can only do that when
           | laying is clean. In the US, laying is dirty, so eggs are
           | industrially washed and must be refrigerated. Both systems
           | work, but you have to be careful about comparing steps in the
           | middle.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | Eggs in Mexico are also not washed and can be kept at room
             | temperature. Not sure how they manage laying.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | I adore Mexico but knowledge of food safety is very much
               | lacking there, and a depressingly common attitude is that
               | getting parasites occasionally is just part of life.
               | 
               | With the friends and families I've stayed with down
               | there, pretty much all fresh produce and meat is
               | disinfected before cooking, as surface contamination is
               | definitely typical.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | The FDA mandates any cooked steak be cooked up to 145deg F,
             | which is medium. I imagine many steakhouses don't strictly
             | follow this, but I expect that even a rare steak ordered
             | most places comes out medium rare at best.
        
               | happyopossum wrote:
               | > I imagine many steakhouses don't strictly follow this
               | .. > I expect that even a rare steak ordered most places
               | comes out medium rare at best
               | 
               | Your speculation does not even remotely match reality in
               | the US, nor are you factually correct. The FDA
               | _recommends_ 145* for beef, it does not _mandate_ it. And
               | I 've never been to a restaurant anywhere in the US that
               | refused to serve a steak at 125 if so ordered.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | I know that various government organizations say that
               | 145degF is the minimal safe temperature for a steak, and
               | I know that health inspectors check that food has a safe
               | internal temperature. I assumed this was the FDA, though
               | seem to be wrong about that, and that health inspectors
               | use the published temperature for ensuring a safe
               | internal temperature.
               | 
               | Maybe I'm wrong, but there is a mandated temperature and
               | I'm pretty sure it's well over what would be rare.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | It's not mandated. You are wrong. Otherwise every
               | restaurant serving a hamburger would have to be shut
               | down.
               | 
               | The FDA has charts that simplify and explain how heat and
               | time will kill pathogens and result in safe food. This is
               | information meant for consumers, not restaurants, which
               | have way different requirements that are meant to produce
               | safe operating and serving environments, so that you
               | don't have to rely on overcooking your meat to ensure
               | food safety. Bringing unground beef to 145 is ONE of
               | those values, but the temp changes based on type of food
               | and the FDA is also open that there are other ways to
               | make sure your food is safe and that lower temps for
               | longer are plenty sufficient.
               | 
               | Restaurants then have a bit of fine print on their menu
               | or somewhere that says "Eating raw or undercooked
               | meat/eggs/shellfish can cause illness" and you can then
               | order an undercooked food item.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | Health inspections are a state matter, sometimes county,
               | so I can't speak for everywhere but here's Texas as an
               | example where hot food needs to be 135degF, well above
               | the 120degF for rare. https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodesta
               | blishments/pdf/47-Item-In...
               | 
               | And it wouldn't surprise me to see this requirement
               | widely ignored. A cook could easily know to cook to the
               | required temperature when the health inspector is
               | watching and it's very difficult to do a surprise
               | inspection even if they wanted to.
               | 
               | I fully admit I was wrong to say the FDA mandated this,
               | but my larger point is still broadly true.
        
               | wonnor wrote:
               | I have no experience with this subject, but I don't think
               | hot food needing to be "held" at 135degF has any
               | implications regarding the cooking temperature. The
               | document you linked seems to be forbidding holding TCS
               | food below 135degF for more than 4 hours.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | You're right, I misread it in my haste. So, NYC
               | 
               | >Cook rare beef to at least 130degF
               | 
               | https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/business/food-
               | operators/food-s...
               | 
               | I realize it says temporary, but you can check the full
               | guidelines where it says that 130degF is only permitted
               | if you cook it for 112 minutes.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | I think that may not be true?
               | 
               |  _One factor that further complicates the medium-rare
               | burger issue is the fact that serving undercooked meat
               | contaminated with E. coli is technically illegal under
               | federal law. Even if a consumer orders their burger
               | medium-rare, the restaurant is breaking the law if that
               | burger happens to have E. coli in it._ --
               | https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2014/06/rare-
               | burgers/#:~:text....
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | From that very article:
               | 
               | "The federal food code allows restaurants to serve
               | undercooked burgers as long as they have a clear written
               | warning, such as a statement on the menu, regarding the
               | dangers of eating raw or undercooked meat. "
               | 
               | That's as plain as day that there is no mandate to serve
               | steak/burger at the 145 (for steak) or 165 (for ground
               | beef) recommended internal temps. I wish that article
               | cited its sources for the claims it makes. It's possible
               | that the actual law prohibits _knowingly_ serving
               | contaminated beef, instead of it just happening due to
               | supplier contamination.
               | 
               | For reference, consider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/199
               | 3_Jack_in_the_Box_E._coli_o...
               | 
               | That was in 1993, so maybe the "illegal to serve beef
               | with e. coli" is from newer legislation but notice Jack
               | in the Box was not put on trial for any federal crimes.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | My reading of the article is that it's legal to serve
               | undercooked beef as long as (a) you warn the customer and
               | (b) it doesn't happen to contain E. coli. But since you
               | can't ensure (b) you may be breaking the law without
               | realizing it.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | You're very mistaken. FDA guidelines are just that, not
               | mandates, and they're largely aimed at the lowest common
               | denominator of what some teenage idiot will do in a chain
               | restaurant kitchen.
               | 
               | Culturally older folks in the US are likely to prefer
               | meat with little to no pink, so you will find a bias that
               | direction in some restaurants. A proper fine dining
               | establishment however will have zero problem giving you
               | exactly what you ask for with a steak, including
               | blue/pittsburg rare. I wouldn't say tartar is popular but
               | it's not an uncommon site on an upscale menu.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | I live in a place where a form of steak tartar is a
               | common local delicacy but no restaurant I'm aware of
               | sells it because it wouldn't pass a health inspection.
               | 
               | Health inspections aren't national, so maybe someplace
               | does allow steak tartar, but many have some kind of
               | mandated temperature.
        
               | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
               | I'm not aware of any place that has a ban on tartar, just
               | it isn't common outside of continental style fining
               | dining. I've certainly had it in several states, more
               | than I can remember. I generally only order it at places
               | that are breaking down their own primals and where it's
               | clear they have attention to sanitation.
        
               | messe wrote:
               | > Culturally older folks in the US are likely to prefer
               | meat with little to no pink
               | 
               | Not just in the US. I'm from Ireland and my grandmother
               | was horrified at LIDL advert showing a should of beef
               | cooked medium rare, going so far as to call it raw.
        
             | rootw0rm wrote:
             | here in the US i have to order my steaks rare and emphasize
             | that i want it bloody to have even the remotest prospect of
             | getting a steak that's not cooked more than medium rare
        
         | happyopossum wrote:
         | That's a thought you're free to have, but it isn't really
         | relevant to the article - the Department of Agriculture is the
         | agency that prohibits this, for reasons related to potential
         | damage to US livestock - African swine fever and foot-and-mouth
         | disease are specifically mentioned.
         | 
         | There is no implication in the article that this stuff is
         | unsafe to consume by humans.
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | Given how heavily processed bologna is, I'm going to call
           | bullshit on that.
           | 
           | A more likely reason is that domestic pork producers have a
           | powerful lobby.
        
             | googlryas wrote:
             | L. monocytogenes is found all the time in processed meats
             | coming out of highly regulated plants in the US. I hope you
             | understand that "processed" does not mean that all viruses
             | and bacteria have been removed or killed from the product.
             | Especially when the meat is processed in a plant with even
             | laxer safety standards than what we have in America.
        
               | atwood22 wrote:
               | Processed meats usually have preservatives like nitrates
               | or nitrites in them. It doesn't matter what bacteria is
               | detectable when they leave the factory. They're not going
               | to propagate in the meat.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | You're basically making @citrin_ru's point - "nation of
               | germophobes", not "potential damage to livestock".
        
               | googlryas wrote:
               | I'm not making their point by telling you that you're
               | incorrect in saying that "processed food = no potential
               | disease transmissibility".
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Nobody is arguing that it's impossible to get sick from
               | bologna.
               | 
               | However, bologna is not a vector for african swine fever
               | or foot-and-mouth disease or (as far as I can tell) any
               | other threat to US livestock.
               | 
               | Thus "bullshit". Re-read the thread.
        
               | soledades wrote:
               | really into this thread now.
               | 
               | what does bologna being heavily processed have to do with
               | "bullshit" though?
        
               | googlryas wrote:
               | You said "Given how heavily processed bologna is, I'm
               | going to call bullshit on that" in response to someone
               | who said "the Department of Agriculture is the agency
               | that prohibits this, for reasons related to potential
               | damage to US livestock - African swine fever and foot-
               | and-mouth disease are specifically mentioned."
               | 
               | Why would you say that instead of "bologna is not a
               | vector for african swine fever or foot-and-mouth
               | disease"? What does how heavily processed the bologna
               | have to do with your point, and why did you bring it up
               | if it has nothing to do with it? That's literally the
               | only thing I argued against.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | A big thing in the debate around TTIP had been the European
         | "fear" about American cholrinated chicken. Here in Europe
         | people were afraid of having chicken meat disinfected by
         | dunking them in chloride, as it is done in the US. Which to me
         | seems to be the better alternative to pumping them full of
         | antibecterials, as we do here in Europe ...
         | 
         | Quite different safety traditions on both sides of the
         | Atlantic.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | I haven't met anyone afraid of eating meat dunked in chlorine
           | because of the chlorine - it's because of the reasons _why_
           | American chickens need a chlorine wash in the first place.
           | And it 's because it's cheaper and more efficient to just let
           | chickens stand in their own shit for so long their feet
           | dissolve and then just wash the meat in chlorine to avoid any
           | bacterial contamination, than provide chickens with decent
           | living conditions in the first place.
           | 
           | Never heard of European chickens being "pumped full of
           | antibacterials" - would you mind explaining what you mean?
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | The EU approach to salmonella control is a combination of
             | antimicrobials and vaccines, in contrast to the US using a
             | dip in chlorinated water after slaughter. There are critics
             | of both approaches, and some annoying folks that use it as
             | a pretext for smugness (without actually engaging the
             | reality of the differences).
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Dosing herds has been/is standard in some places. A quick
             | Google suggests this is changing in the EU.
             | 
             | https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/european-union-bans-
             | an...
        
           | MichaelCollins wrote:
           | Food irradiation is also restricted in Europe, relative to
           | America. Never-mind that it has been shown to be safe and
           | effective; countries like Germany try to restrict irradiation
           | of food to only a few things like dried spices. (EU trade
           | regulations partially nullify these bans, by allowing the
           | sale of food legally irradiated in other EU countries.)
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | _> Which to me seems to be the better alternative to pumping
           | them full of antibecterials, as we do here in Europe_
           | 
           | We do that here in the US too. Chlorination was on top of
           | that.
        
         | orangepurple wrote:
         | How is President cheese available in every major US supermarket
         | then? Pasteurized?
        
         | gopalv wrote:
         | > impression that US is a nation of germophobes and FDA
         | regulations
         | 
         | Germophobes I don't think so, but there's definitely something
         | to be said about the way the regulations are setup to be
         | protectionist of rural voter groups. And food production is a
         | major chunk of those rural economies.
         | 
         | And a lot of cheese is made from excess milk, not the best milk
         | because the best milk goes into the cold chain fresh. So it is
         | politically convenient to make long lasting cheeses to keep the
         | milk prices stable through the year and cut competition from
         | outside importers (even Canada?).
         | 
         | The germs thing is a win-win on that respect. But if it had
         | political negatives, the FDA would "find a way".
         | 
         | PS: "Food that Built America" season 2 is a great collection of
         | anecdotes about all this
        
           | JasserInicide wrote:
           | Yup. Our dairy industry is a mere few steps away from being
           | nationalized it's so heavily subsidized. Don't tell the rural
           | voters that though, it sounds like communism!
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | Food production takes a bit of time to ramp up. Epidemic
           | diseases among livestock and plants can destroy months worth
           | of production capability in a very short period of time.
           | 
           | Over-producing (and maintaining the capability to over-
           | produce) is one means of protecting against such calamity.
           | I'm not sure if there are better ways to go about it. True
           | rural voters make up a relatively small percentage of the
           | country's population- 20% or so, depending on where you draw
           | the line. It's not hard to out-vote them, but it is very hard
           | to live without them.
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | It's all about protecting big business. Hence why all kinds
           | of dubious ingredients are allowed in fast food, but farmers
           | get busted for selling raw milk.
        
         | sterwill wrote:
         | I buy French Brie at US grocery stores many times a year. Did
         | you mean to say it's one of the types that isn't illegal?
        
           | natpalmer1776 wrote:
           | It was probably a reference to Brie de Meaux, which is a type
           | of brie that only comes from France and is (I believe)
           | illegal to import in the United States.
        
           | timy2shoes wrote:
           | Real French brie is unpasteurized, which is illegal in the
           | US. See https://theculturetrip.com/north-
           | america/usa/articles/fancy-...
        
             | sterwill wrote:
             | The Brie I buy is made in France, so I'll leave it up to
             | you guys to convince them that it's not "real."
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | A food product is much more a sum of ingredients and
               | procedure to process them, than just something something
               | looking/tasting similar from given country. Especially
               | those protected as historically significant to given
               | place.
               | 
               | So no, what you buy as brie, if it went through official
               | US import channels, is not real Brie. Now how much is the
               | real difference in taste is another topic, but we take
               | protecting traditional methods of making these things
               | very seriously here in Europe. Very anti-race-to-the-
               | bottom approach.
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | They know it's not "real," they pasteurize it
               | specifically to be able to sell it in the US.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | There are "back channels" for european unpasteurized
               | cheese to be sold here. I've been friends with a couple
               | of cheesemongers who sell that stuff. I asked them how it
               | comes over here when the FDA doesn't allow it. "In
               | shipping containers, like everything else". I asked them
               | what would happen if it was discovered. "They'd probably
               | just destroy it all." I've found examples of such cheeses
               | in great cheese stores across the USA.
        
         | goatcode wrote:
         | >US is a nation of germophobes[sic]
         | 
         | The regulators sure are. The people want to buy raw milk, and
         | are told we're not grown up enough to handle the consequences.
        
           | andrewxdiamond wrote:
           | The regulations only really have an effect on distribution of
           | raw milk, not local sale. Yes, selling raw milk from a
           | roadside stall is still illegal, but enforcement is non-
           | existent at that scale.
           | 
           | With the laws in place; if you live close enough to a farm to
           | get raw milk, it's probably safe for you to consume.
           | 
           | The rest of use have to stick to milk that has been treated
           | to survive the lengthy distribution process
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | The consequences used to be, tuberculosis.
           | 
           | You can tell young people - they have no notion where this
           | all came from. Living in a world where almost everybody grows
           | up, it's easy to forget that wasn't always the case.
           | 
           | What's-his-face- the guy who wrote about reform and the 'gate
           | in the road', had some good things to say about all this.
           | 
           | {edit: Chesterson's Fence}
        
           | isleyaardvark wrote:
           | We apparently aren't. "Although only about 1 percent of
           | Americans drink it, raw milk accounted for 70 percent of
           | milk-related food poisoning outbreaks between 2002 and 2011".
           | (https://foodpoisoningbulletin.com/2014/raw-milk-1-percent-
           | of...)
        
             | jessaustin wrote:
             | That link would be more convincing if it dealt in
             | quantities rather than percentages. Does 70% mean 7 out of
             | 10 or 700,000 out of 1,000,000? And anyway, why wasn't it
             | 100%? People who intentionally consume raw milk know that
             | it's raw. Why shouldn't we be more concerned about the 30%
             | who drank pasteurized and still got poisoned?
        
         | kenned3 wrote:
         | you are overlooking several other "american" issues.
         | 
         | 1) Lawsuits
         | 
         | - The US court system is often used as some sort of "i won the
         | lotto" system where people do dumb things, and somehow win
         | substantial sums of money. It is often easier to preemptively
         | prevent anything that could trigger a lawsuit
         | 
         | 2) Powerful lobby groups.
         | 
         | - Many things that are legal elsewhere are not in the US, and
         | often there is a government lobby group behind it.
         | 
         | Think things like this : https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/the-
         | anti-consumer-25-chicken-...
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Things like yogurt and kefir are sold widely in the US, and
         | bottles even _boast_ the numbers of live bacteria they contain.
        
       | ethagknight wrote:
       | I would assume a lot of this prosecution and confiscation is more
       | a function of tariffs and ag industry protectionism. Am I really
       | to believe that a tube of bologna is a disease threat to American
       | pig farming?
        
         | peyton wrote:
         | This is about _travelers_. Volume is extremely limited. Disease
         | threat is a reasonable belief.
        
           | ethagknight wrote:
           | The article is about travelers bringing processed meats. So
           | because its banned, it gets smuggled, which now is a major
           | human health concern due to improper storage, also consumes
           | resources and time from our CBP from looking for actual
           | threats. Coming from Mexico, bugs don't mind national borders
           | on their own accord, and a product that is legal 100 ft to
           | the south but illegal just a skip away makes little sense.
           | 
           | I understand strong restrictions on overseas seeds and bugs
           | (especially in New Zealand's case where they have a defined,
           | delicate ecosystem), but it just seems like US is beating up
           | on its little neighbor.
           | 
           | I'm just saying this whole article details a little corner of
           | American law enforcement that is an overzealous
           | interpretation of a reasonable, because SOMEONE out there
           | made a big stink about it. "Whoa whoa whoa, you can't bring
           | this low cost meat product across the line to sell in US
           | markets!! US Markets are only for big US Farming
           | Corporations!
        
       | ThePadawan wrote:
       | German living in Switzerland here - I would dare say meat is one
       | of the most commonly smuggled items into Switzerland.
       | 
       | The price of meat here is discouragingly high (IMO rightly so),
       | and incredibly cheap in neighboring Germany.
       | 
       | The duty-free limit is also incredibly low (1kg per person and
       | day), similar to the amount of spirits (1L per), and the customs
       | you pay after hefty.
        
         | nibbleshifter wrote:
         | A lot of the Swiss I know do their grocery shopping for meat
         | and some alcohols in Germany.
         | 
         | The statistical likelihood of being stopped is slim enough that
         | its not even considered "smuggling".
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | The problem is, Germany (or France for Romandie and Italy for
           | Ticino) is EU - unless you look at labels closely, that cheap
           | meat is probably sourced from the eastern countries like
           | Poland which have truly abysmal record on meat quality and
           | safety (ie using salt for roads for meat/food and
           | distributing it also in surrounding countries). If its from
           | Germany and cheap, be assured the lowest allowed standards
           | were adhered to (or not).
           | 
           | Swiss have mostly higher safety standards than EU, plus much
           | higher wages. Thus the prices.
           | 
           | As for smuggling - I do it too... but it depends which border
           | crossing you use. On some, chances for search are maybe
           | 20-30%. Way too high risk to save maybe 100-200 chf and risk
           | a much higher fine. On some crossings I know nearby to
           | France, practically 0 (but even at those, I have sworn border
           | cops are never there till I saw them once in 10 years...)
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | There was a time when US border patrol at the canada-US border
       | was most concerned if you were bringing in any citrus fruits,
       | regardless of where you're going.
       | 
       | I'm happy to share that I have never done such a thing to keep
       | the New York, Pennsylvania or Ohio citrus industry safe.
       | 
       | (While ignoring that Toronto was exporting hundreds of trucks a
       | day of garbage to Michigan dumps)
       | 
       | Then there is the current ban on most Personal fresh egg/chicken
       | imports from US into Canada due to avian flu outbreak, just to
       | make sure I don't feed them uncooked to a bird in Canada (as
       | opposed to... eating them), ignoring the fact that birds fly and
       | pose 1000x bigger threat where I live, <100km from the border.
       | 
       | https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/services/fpa-apa/bringing-apport...
        
         | ziddoap wrote:
         | > _ignoring the fact that birds fly and pose 1000x bigger
         | threat._
         | 
         | Are you suggesting the border control become bird hunters?
         | That'd be pretty fun.
         | 
         | Border control enforcing whatever the current bans on birds are
         | does not impact the effort (or lack thereof) on other controls,
         | such as flying birds. Different people, different jobs.
        
           | toolz wrote:
           | It has more to do with the fact that the current ban has
           | negligible impact on solving the core problem.
           | 
           | Useless laws are detrimental if you want a society that
           | respects and trusts the law.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | It's what happens when there's a problem and every
             | department gets a memo asking how it can contribute.
             | 
             | Instead of sending resources toward what can actually solve
             | the problem (e.g. taking money from your department to
             | testing agricultural flocks), just create some senseless
             | barriers that won't help anyone at all and distract
             | yourself from whatever your dept's focus should be.
             | 
             | Win-win?
        
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