[HN Gopher] Germany to Keep Last Three Nuclear-Power Plants Running
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       Germany to Keep Last Three Nuclear-Power Plants Running
        
       Author : IdealeZahlen
       Score  : 92 points
       Date   : 2022-08-16 16:31 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wsj.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wsj.com)
        
       | timmg wrote:
       | This is the smart/obvious thing for them to do, bravo. This is
       | also a very negative thing for Putin and Russia. Glad to see more
       | negative results to the Russians from their invasion.
        
         | ceeplusplus wrote:
         | > This is also a very negative thing for Putin and Russia
         | 
         | This is to prepare for Russia cutting off gas entirely to the
         | EU, which would cause harm to Russia's O&G revenue as a result
         | of Russia's strategic choice, not due to EU actions.
         | 
         | Russia is making record profits off high gas prices, there were
         | no negative results to their energy industry from their
         | invasion. All of the negative results were from sanctions on
         | the rest of their economy and from freezing their USD/EUR
         | currency reserves.
        
         | Arnt wrote:
         | Could you elaborate?
         | 
         | It's not going to affect the 10m+ gas-fired furnaces, water
         | heaters, ovens or stoves, or any of the chemical industry that
         | use 85% of the gas. It's not going to replace even half of the
         | gas-fired power plants that use the remaining 15%. So why is it
         | smart, obvious, or very negative for Putin?
        
           | guywithahat wrote:
           | Presumably because Germany won't have to start burning more
           | fuel to replace the lost nuclear electricity, although I'm
           | not op.
        
           | Moldoteck wrote:
           | just out of my mind: they could export that energy(and maybe
           | i'm wrong, but it is cheap to produce, somewhere next to gas)
           | to countries that produce electricity from russian gas, at
           | least till other sources will be used in that countries But I
           | really don't believe they'll keep them running, seeing what
           | german politicians have done in the past
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | You could argue that it's getting outsized media attention
           | compared to the impact, but any impact that reduces natural
           | gas use is good for Germany, and anything that helps Europe
           | withstand Putin's sanctions is bad for Putin.
           | 
           | The economic and safety questions seem settled, so the thing
           | that stands in the way of this step being obvious is the
           | self-image and identity of the German Green party.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | Green voters are mostly fine with this, so it's not a big
             | deal for the party.
        
           | jfim wrote:
           | It's probably negative in the long term, since there is
           | enough public awareness about the Russian gas imports being
           | problematic and that nuclear power is being considered less
           | of a problem than Russian gas. Also it means that political
           | parties will likely add the sourcing of energy as an
           | important part of their platform in the future, leading to
           | debate as to what should be the future of energy in Germany
           | and how independent or not they should be from Russian gas.
        
           | timmg wrote:
           | Germany typically uses X joules of energy to run its economy.
           | Some percent of that X comes via nat gas (and oil) from
           | Russia. If they replace some of those Russian joules with
           | nuclear joules, then a smaller percentage comes from Russia.
           | That lowers demand for fossil fuels. That reduces revenue for
           | Russia.
           | 
           | > It's not going to affect the 10m+ gas-fired furnaces, water
           | heaters, ovens or stoves...
           | 
           | Not at once. But it certainly makes it easier for people to
           | replace nat gas appliances with electric ones. If you are
           | heating your home with nat gas and the price explodes, it
           | would be beneficial to lower your thermostat and crank up an
           | electric space heater to make up (some) of the difference.
        
             | Arnt wrote:
             | The thing is that maybe around 1% of the joules can be
             | replaced with nuclear. Most can't because connecting
             | electricity wires to a gas-fired furnace does nothing
             | (good).
             | 
             | I once started a bugfixing week with fixing a bug that
             | caused around 1% of the crashes. My team lead didn't think
             | that was either smart, obvious or very anythingatall, and
             | said so loudly and clearly in the team meeting.
        
               | timmg wrote:
               | > The thing is that maybe around 1% of the joules can be
               | replaced with nuclear.
               | 
               | Citation needed.
               | 
               | These plants are running _now_. Are you saying the
               | electricity they are generating is not being used? The
               | question is what replaces those joules if they shut them
               | down?
        
               | _ph_ wrote:
               | They are providing like 6% of the German electricity. So
               | yes, replacing them will require more fossil fuel short
               | time. On the other side, the idea is to replace them with
               | renewal sources. Germany is already at 50 renewables in
               | the electricity mix.
               | 
               | Nuclear is not really a replacement for gas, rather than
               | coal, due to its slow nature. Gas power plants are used
               | in Germany mostly for quick peak power.
        
               | Arnt wrote:
               | Most of the gas isn't used for generating electricity.
               | Rather, it's used at the point where the electricity
               | would be used. If you build a house you can install a
               | furnace that gets joules from the electricity network or
               | from the gas network, see? And there are a little over
               | ten million houses and apartments that get their warm
               | water and heating from gas-heated boilers/furnaces.
               | 
               | See https://www.haustec.de/heizung/waermeerzeugung/waerme
               | markt-w... for example. There's also the chemical
               | industry, which uses gas as chemicals, not as a source of
               | joules.
        
               | drpyser22 wrote:
               | Cheaper electricity pushes the market to favor electric
               | heating over gas. The cost of switching from a gas
               | furnace to an electric one will be worth it if gas
               | becomes more expensive and electricity cheaper.
               | 
               | If you fix a bug that currently causes few crashes but
               | would later on turn out to cause big issues, and you see
               | that outcome in advance, then it would in fact be smart
               | wouldn't it?
        
       | intrestingstuff wrote:
       | Maybe they got the tip from the same sources that claimed Musk
       | and Mrs Brin had an affaire
        
       | hash07e wrote:
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | Planning for 2025 is great, and I'm sure Germans are resilient,
         | but not resilient enough to go without energy in Winter
         | 2022/23. Nuclear power is reliable, already exists, and is
         | cleaner than fossil fuel.
        
           | hash07e wrote:
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Climate change doesn't make weather warmer, it makes
             | weather more extreme.
        
               | hash07e wrote:
               | ok, then.
               | 
               | they could use a warm coat.
               | 
               | Central heating is modern thing. It is good to have but
               | not _vital_.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Humans have used fire for heat in cold climates for
               | millennia. Many dwellings lack the facilities to heat
               | with open flame anymore.
        
               | DasIch wrote:
               | Houses with central heating are designed with central
               | heating in mind. They tend to fail in ugly ways, if that
               | stops working. You lose warm water, water pipes may
               | freeze and break, mold can grow etc.
               | 
               | If you don't want to essentially demolish such a house
               | next spring, you definitely need to provide at least a
               | minimum of heat to the entire house and as you can't
               | exactly do campfires inside you have to centrally heat
               | it.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | > Central heating is modern thing. It is good to have but
               | not vital.
               | 
               | Central heating predates Hygene, Doctors and toilets. Try
               | living without those, hope you don't mind the plague
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | It is certainly cleaner than coal, that would be the main
           | reason to keep them running (if possible, what is not given).
           | They make little difference in the energy supply to Germany,
           | as they provide like 6% of the German electricity. This is
           | easily (though dirty) replaced with coal.
           | 
           | About reliable: in the winter hopefully, but currently Europe
           | is facing a shortage of electric power due to the heat and
           | the drought reducing the availability of nuclear power (never
           | mind the 20 French nuclear power plants down for maintenance)
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | > Everything must be green, non-fossil and no nuclear in 2025.
         | 
         | No matter where you stand on nuclear in general, you have to
         | see the benefit of keeping existing plants operational from
         | both a geopolitical and carbon emission perspective, no? As a
         | mostly pro-nuclear person, I can still empathize with people
         | who believe in a long term phase-out. I am however genuinely
         | baffled that there is a large portion of environmentalists who
         | refuse to even give an inch to the argument that the timing of
         | doing so now is incredibly problematic.
        
           | germandiago wrote:
           | in 2025? lol. They are going to make more trouble than
           | anything else. it is impossible that this happens. It is not
           | feasible at any scale. Green energy has its own set of
           | limitations as well.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | So you think in... 27 months Germany can replace its entire
         | power generation infrastructure with wind and solar, eliminate
         | all non-electric appliances, and get almost everybody a new
         | car?
         | 
         | Like do you honestly believe this?
        
           | hash07e wrote:
        
         | iLoveOncall wrote:
         | Nuclear power is the only hope of modern civilization (fusion
         | of course, not fission). It is also an insanely clean source of
         | power if you look at how much energy it produces compared to
         | how much nuclear waste it produces.
         | 
         | I encourage you to read this very short link from the US
         | government: https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/5-fast-facts-
         | about-spent-...
         | 
         | You will see that not only all the nuclear waste ever produced
         | would fit in a single football stadium, but on top of that, the
         | "waste" can actually be reused in other nuclear power plants.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | The most sensible, efficient, and effective climate change policy
       | would be to:
       | 
       | 1. tax the carbon content of fuels
       | 
       | 2. use nuclear power for baseload power generation
        
         | TheDudeMan wrote:
         | 1. Tax the carbon emissions of all industries.
         | 
         | 2. Let the market decide how to profitably generate power.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | It's much easier to tax the carbon content of fuel, rather
           | than try to measure what the industry emits.
        
       | janmarsal wrote:
       | Finally some good news. Too bad it needed a war to happen.
        
       | detaro wrote:
       | According to German sources the government denies this report and
       | points to the currently running evaluations. (e.g.
       | https://www.rtl.de/cms/atomkraftwerke-in-deutschland-verwirr...)
        
         | koheripbal wrote:
         | Given that the Prime Minister appointed an ideologue Greenpeace
         | activist as the head of Climate policy, I too am skeptical that
         | Germany has reversed its decision.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | I don't know why you're flagged. Germany's special envoy for
           | international climate policy, Jennifer Morgan, is indeed the
           | chief of Greenpeace International. Granted it's debatable how
           | much direct power the post has.
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | Greenpeace, true to its name and thanks to its anti-nuclear
             | position is one of the big reasons why 2022 is not Green
             | nor Peaceful
        
               | ianpurton wrote:
               | I was sceptical. Turns out you are right.
               | 
               | > Greenpeace has always fought - and will continue to
               | fight - vigorously against nuclear power because it is an
               | unacceptable risk to the environment and to humanity. The
               | only solution is to halt the expansion of all nuclear
               | power, and for the shutdown of existing plants.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | forty wrote:
             | I haven't downvoted, but I think it might be because
             | calling someone an ideologue because you disagree with them
             | is bad taste.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | If we go ahead and look at the definition of the word, I
               | think it would almost be an automatic label for a
               | Greenpeace leader.
        
               | SECProto wrote:
               | Dictionary definitions generally don't include
               | information on connotation.
               | 
               | Edit: I searched to find a dictionary for word
               | connotations, best I found in a couple mins is
               | https://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~ychoi/connotation/
        
               | forty wrote:
               | Admittedly I'm French and the negative connotation of
               | this word might not have carried to English but looking
               | at an English dictionary [1] it does seem to me that's
               | it's something you would only say of someone you disagree
               | with.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ideologue
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | I'm one to think ideologues "on my side" also deserve to
               | be disagreed with because of their methods and
               | absolutism.
               | 
               | But you are right, it's not a thing you'd really say
               | about somebody you liked.
        
               | causi wrote:
               | _"Nuclear power plants are not the solution to climate
               | change. To make fuels for nuclear power plants, we have
               | to go through the whole process of uranium mining,
               | transporting, and disposing. Considering this fact, there
               | will be a lot of carbon emissions."_
               | 
               | When you're so rabidly anti-nuclear that you ignore the
               | fact uranium is 1.5 million times as energy-dense as
               | coal, you are an ideologue. Uranium has so much energy
               | per kilogram you could fuel the world's reactors by
               | shipping it _via airplane_.
               | 
               | There's plenty to criticize about the environmental
               | damage of uranium mining. Carbon emissions is not one of
               | them.
               | 
               | It's my opinion this choice to attack nuclear energy by
               | casting it in whatever critical light is trendy rather
               | than its actual weaknesses demonstrates Morgan is against
               | nuclear energy for ideological reasons that have nothing
               | to do with its actual dangers, hence she is doing little
               | or no risk/reward calculation, and that her future
               | choices will not be based on human energy needs and
               | accurate assessments of nuclear technology and industry.
        
               | jonny_eh wrote:
               | By comparison, mining of coal emits carbon, and using it
               | emits carbon. Double whammy of carbon emissions.
        
               | forty wrote:
               | I don't know the person we are discussing about in this
               | thread and I don't know her opinions or the opinion of
               | German green party etc, but I do know some arguments of
               | green parties here in France that are also anti nuclear
               | too (note also that France and Germany are very different
               | when it comes to nuclear as here most of our electricity
               | is nuclear already)
               | 
               | The arguments they make is that producing electricity and
               | most usage of electricity are bad for our planet and thus
               | we should use less electricity if we want to preserve it
               | (and as a result wouldn't need to add extra nuclear or
               | coal capacity).
               | 
               | This part is often forgotten which results of thinking
               | they want to replace nuclear by coal, which would be
               | absurd.
               | 
               | I imagine it's probably hard to imagine that someone
               | would think that seriously from a US perspective (one of
               | my US based colleague asked "when are you getting AC in
               | Europe??" when here many people are wondering if the
               | Americans are going to stop being crazy with their
               | freezing AC ^^)
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | It's people like her that won't sit down at a spreadsheet
               | and put in basic arithmetic for things like recurring
               | costs, nonrecurring costs, amount of pollution (broken
               | down for the entire lifetime of the energy source) and
               | make an educated call. They just react to their own knee-
               | jerk opinion that they do not want to have challenged.
        
               | forty wrote:
               | The problem with nuclear is that the other side does the
               | same, which is why it's hard to have interesting
               | discussion on the topic. If you want actual arguments on
               | how nuclear is not the miracle energy some people would
               | like to believe it is, look how here is in France half of
               | our reactors had to be shutdown because of the heat
               | during the recent heatwave or for maintainance, how we
               | are unable to build those new gen reactors in any
               | predictable deadline and budget, and how we struggle to
               | shutdown older reactors which means we have to pay to
               | prolong them over and over which is getting more and more
               | expensive - and it's for an old tech from the 70s.
               | 
               | Of course there are many upside to it too (low carbon
               | emissions and not from Russia among the obvious ones)
               | 
               | But it's pretty rare to find balanced and nuanced speech
               | on the topic unfortunately, and I don't find the anti
               | nuclear side to be any worse than the pro nuclear side on
               | this.
        
               | curtainsforus wrote:
               | Do you think she cares? She's just catering to the common
               | person.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | Because it is wrong. She isn't heading German climate
             | affairs.
        
           | s_dev wrote:
           | Insane that Greenpeace is anti-nuclear. Really undermines the
           | organizations goals.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | darthrupert wrote:
             | Fortunately, a majority of the new generation of Greens
             | around Europe are coming to their senses and support
             | nuclear power.
             | 
             | Not sure about Greenpeace though, they are a bit messed up.
        
             | the_third_wave wrote:
             | They would have to admit they were wrong when they opposed
             | nuclear power, always a difficult thing for ideologically
             | driven organisations. Some individuals manage to make
             | amends with their mistaken activism but it takes a number
             | of influential individuals to convincingly steer an
             | organisation away from the cliffs it has been aiming for.
             | Those individuals will initially be lambasted by the true
             | believers so they often choose to leave the organisation
             | instead of trying to reform it. This means the organisation
             | is pulled even more towards the old/failed ideology which
             | makes it even harder for it to be reformed.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Greenpeace is pro-nuclear now.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | I know nothing about Greenpeace, but their website seems to
             | disagree with that:
             | 
             | https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/fighting-climate-
             | chaos/issues...
        
             | LawTalkingGuy wrote:
             | They say otherwise.
             | https://www.greenpeace.org/international/tag/nuclear/
             | 
             | "Greenpeace has always fought - and will continue to fight
             | - vigorously against nuclear power because it is an
             | unacceptable risk to the environment and to humanity. The
             | only solution is to halt the expansion of all nuclear
             | power, and for the shutdown of existing plants."
        
               | gjs278 wrote:
        
           | Tomte wrote:
           | The foreign minister, not the Chancellor (that's what our
           | prime minister is called).
        
           | DasIch wrote:
           | Assuming this refers to Jennifer Morgan:                 *
           | Germany has no prime minister, Germany has a chancellor.
           | * The prime minister didn't appoint her, the cabinet did.
           | * She is not head of climate policy, she is a special envoy
           | for climate policy as part of the federal foreign office.
           | This is a diplomatic position. That means such decisions are
           | out of scope here entirely.
        
             | _ph_ wrote:
             | Almost. The chancellor proposes the ministers, the
             | president appoints them (never not followed the proposal of
             | the chancellor). But she isn't heading a ministry, but
             | reports to the foreign minister, which probably proposed
             | her. She might or might not have the administrative rank as
             | a minister, but she isn't a member of the cabinet.
        
             | sveme wrote:
             | Thanks for the clarifications, it's always shocking to see
             | the amount of bullshit on hackernews (and reddit) when it
             | comes to Germany, renewable/nuclear energy and the like.
             | Makes me want to question everything else that is posted
             | here where I know less of. Reminder of the Gell-Mann
             | Amnesia.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | There is _a lot_ of overconfidence on HN for non-core
               | subjects of the HN crowd.
               | 
               | Non-computer sciences and engineering comment sections
               | are full of people speaking their guesses with authority.
        
               | Archelaos wrote:
               | > Non-computer sciences and engineering comment sections
               | are full of people speaking their guesses with authority.
               | 
               | Any idea why this is the case? I wonder, because I would
               | expect most engineers to have had a university education
               | that taught them respect for the complexity of things
               | around us in the first place. The realisation alone of
               | how little one really knows about one's own subject after
               | several years of study should make one very cautious when
               | it comes to subjects one has only heard about in passing.
               | Or is it simply that an overwhelming majority of modest
               | people simply remain silent, and that is why a few
               | uninformed who rush to judgement stick out?
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | As always, there's a webcomic for that: https://www.smbc-
               | comics.com/?id=2475
               | 
               | Technical people with _some_ knowledge of a topic will
               | often find themselves on the peak of mount stupid (see
               | comic).
               | 
               | In other words, knowing just enough to feel like you know
               | a lot, not knowing enough to realize how much you don't
               | know.
               | 
               | And... well university education often doesn't succeed in
               | teaching people to estimate their knowledge on a subject
               | appropriately. "I don't know but I want to know more!"
               | isn't a very common outcome when a topic comes up. I
               | think it really has to do with people who spend a lot of
               | time being the most knowledgable one on most topics
               | around getting used to just having an answer whether or
               | not it's correct.
        
               | DasIch wrote:
               | There is a lot of overconfidence on core subjects also.
               | Think of the rsync dropbox thing or any thread about
               | kubernetes (I don't need it, so nobody does!)
        
               | honkler wrote:
               | tbh, you probably don't need kubernetes
        
               | sdoering wrote:
               | I currently need (to know) it and would rather not.
               | 
               | Especially in a multi cluster, kustomize, istio, argocd,
               | Jenkins on bare metal over multiple physical data
               | centers.
               | 
               | To me with intermediate data dev ops knowledge this is
               | quite a level of complexity.
        
           | _ph_ wrote:
           | That is wrong. That former Greepeace member works for the
           | foreign ministry, it seems with the purpose of dealing with
           | international actions against climate change. This office has
           | nothing to do with the German climate policiy. That would be
           | the minister of environmental affairs and the minister of
           | economy.
        
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