[HN Gopher] Gravity Probe B
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       Gravity Probe B
        
       Author : lelf
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2022-08-14 15:09 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (en.wikipedia.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (en.wikipedia.org)
        
       | purplejacket wrote:
       | Wikipedia: <<At the time of their manufacture, the gyroscopes
       | were the most nearly spherical objects ever made (two gyroscopes
       | still hold that record, but third place has been taken by the
       | silicon spheres made by the Avogadro project). Approximately the
       | size of ping pong balls, they were perfectly round to within
       | forty atoms (less than 10 nm). If one of these spheres were
       | scaled to the size of the Earth, the tallest mountains and
       | deepest ocean trench would measure only 2.4 m (8 ft) high.>>
       | 
       | I wonder how this compares to the sphericity of a neutron star.
        
         | btilly wrote:
         | We've never been up close, but the neutron star is probably
         | smoother.
         | 
         | A neutron star has a diameter of about 20km and surface
         | irregularities are currently estimated at under 1 mm. (See
         | https://www.livescience.com/millimeter-tall-neutron-star-mou...
         | for verfication.) Scale that up to the Earth's diameter and
         | irregularities are on the scale of 64 cm.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | Are neutron stars spherical or do they tend to become oblate
           | spheroids (even if perfectly smooth) because, like the Earth,
           | they spin on an axis?
        
       | dzdt wrote:
       | The data analysis done to try to salvage results from this
       | mission were nothing short of heroic.
       | 
       | See [1] for more detailed discussion of how the Gravity B team
       | pushed on with analysis in the face of systematic errors much
       | larger than the effect they were trying to measure, to come out
       | in the end with a believable measurement of the incredibly subtle
       | effect of gravitational frame dragging.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tesis/2016/hdl_10803_400663/chev1de1...
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | <<As it was anticipated that "anything could go wrong", the
         | final part of the flight mission was calibration, where amongst
         | other activities, data was gathered with the spacecraft axis
         | deliberately misaligned for 24 hours, to exacerbate any
         | potential problems. This data proved invaluable for identifying
         | the effects.>>
         | 
         | One should always be open to the possibility of a failure, and
         | do everything to meet it well-prepared!
        
       | akkartik wrote:
       | _" An unusual feature of the mission is that it only had a one-
       | second launch window due to the precise orbit required by the
       | experiment."_
        
         | wcoenen wrote:
         | Instantaneous launch windows are not really that unusual.
         | 
         | For example, all the missions to the International Space
         | Station are like that. They launch when the launch point passes
         | through the plane of the ISS orbit.
        
       | a9h74j wrote:
       | Back in the day, I heard it said of the Fairbanks group, that
       | they could have a collective publication career if they did no
       | more than publish all the systematic effect discoveries they made
       | in attempting very difficult experiments.
       | 
       | Same group that "measured" a magnetic monopole and fractional
       | electric charge, IIRC.
        
       | mjs wrote:
       | Gravity Probe B is my favourite example of scientists spending a
       | lot of money and effort to verify something almost everyone
       | believed to be true, because science.
        
         | hcrean wrote:
         | If they had been wrong it would have catapulted humanity
         | forwards in understanding. Instead it just affirmatively ruled
         | out a big class of future mistakes...
        
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       (page generated 2022-08-14 23:01 UTC)