[HN Gopher] How to get a PhD in mathematics in a timely fashion ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How to get a PhD in mathematics in a timely fashion (2020) [pdf]
        
       Author : paulpauper
       Score  : 130 points
       Date   : 2022-08-13 03:42 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sites.math.washington.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sites.math.washington.edu)
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | Still easier:
       | 
       | (1) Pick a practical problem in physical science, engineering,
       | medicine, some other field, e.g., ecology, or business, a problem
       | not yet solved.
       | 
       | (2) Get a good solution to this practical problem, mostly using
       | math, hopefully at least a little new math.
       | 
       | For publication, the math is supposed to be "new, correct, and
       | significant" -- get the "significant" part from how much the math
       | does for the practical problem. In medicine, your work might save
       | thousands of lives. In business, your work might make/save
       | millions of dollars. In ecology, you might help clean up a river.
       | 
       | (3) Surprising blunt academic fact of life: Academics is very
       | short on money and understands clearly that very little of their
       | new theoretical work has any near term practical value. So,
       | academics understands that they are short on money mostly because
       | their work is short on valuable, current applications. Indeed,
       | the words _and applications_ are commonly in the titles of
       | journals. So, publish in such a journal.
       | 
       | Some high end universities say that the requirement for a Ph.D.
       | dissertation is "an original contribution to knowledge worthy of
       | publication" -- so, remove all doubt and publish your work.
       | 
       | Advisor? Show them the letter that your paper was accepted.
       | 
       | Done, fully, _de facto_ , essentially, or nearly so.
       | 
       | Where to get the practical problem? Typically outside of a math
       | department and maybe off campus.
       | 
       | For a job?
       | 
       | Long the main source of good jobs for a Ph.D. in math was US
       | national security, heavily near DC. That may still be the case.
       | 
       | If you have any hope of a career that lets you be financially
       | responsible, e.g., support a family and provide for retirement,
       | stay away from academic careers.
       | 
       | Academics just quietly assumes that any recent Ph.D. is just
       | obsessed with research, even apparently useless research, and
       | will pursue it neglecting nearly everything else in life
       | including being financially responsible.
       | 
       | Instead, go into business, e.g., start a business, own 100% of
       | it, and make it successful. The business is likely a _sole
       | proprietorship_ and LLC (limited liability company).
       | 
       | In that business, maybe some math, new, or new to the field of
       | the business, will be an advantage.
       | 
       | In particular, currently take advantage of the not fully
       | exploited amazing technology of current computing and the
       | Internet.
        
         | goethes_kind wrote:
         | In that case do not do a Ph.d in math at all. Do it within an
         | engineering department instead, much more funding and you get
         | paid accordingly. And then it is much easier to network your
         | way into an industry job as well.
         | 
         | Frankly, there is nothing in math research that is going to be
         | directly applied to industry. Even applied math is entirely
         | theoretical. To get to the level of your work actually being
         | used, you need to wait for it to siphon through to the
         | engineering department.
        
         | Test0129 wrote:
         | > Academics just quietly assumes that any recent Ph.D. is just
         | obsessed with research, even apparently useless research, and
         | will pursue it neglecting nearly everything else in life
         | including being financially responsible.
         | 
         | This isn't even an assumption. It's borderline enforced. I
         | dropped from the program after paying my own way because my
         | lack of interest in being financially irresponsible put me at
         | the bottom of the bin for good research opportunities.
         | 
         | Academics _force_ you to take 9-10 /hr. and work 60 hours a
         | week (of course on a contract for only 30 hours), because if
         | they don't have the constant meat-mill of H1Bs and young
         | financially irresponsible people the entire industry would
         | collapse into itself. It's not unlike tech itself which relies
         | on exploiting the revolving door of new grads to get cheap
         | labor. The only difference is the new grad working for BigCo
         | for sub-par dollars can usually afford to eat. Where I went to
         | school the MAJORITY (not an exaggeration) were on some kind of
         | assistance. Either food or housing. Post-docs were barely able
         | to afford rent.
        
       | sleepyams wrote:
       | I think this is good advice but also not the only possible path
       | towards completing a PhD in math. I get a lot of fruitful
       | research done while binge-watching television, for instance. The
       | key is that you have to find something that works for you. For
       | some that may be logging hours but I know a lot of people for
       | whom logging hours is a hindrance. There are mathematicians who
       | have to actively hold back from just doing research all the time,
       | and for these types there's no point in logging hours. My point
       | is that if you don't think the work ethic described in this
       | article is agreeable, don't let that dissuade you from pursuing a
       | PhD in math.
        
       | peterhalburt33 wrote:
       | As a mathematician who works with many engineers and computer
       | scientists, I wanted to expand on one of the points under the
       | "Getting a Job" section. While it is certainly true that a
       | mathematics education provides a great background for
       | understanding other STEM fields, I would caution math Ph.D
       | students who expect these jobs to be open to them because of
       | their STEM connection: the onus is completely on you to bridge
       | the gap between what you do and the field you want to work in.
       | While it may be true that someone will hire you for your critical
       | thinking skills (though I will personally say that I have never
       | seen this happen), it is more likely that your deep
       | specialization in a tangentially connected field (coupled with
       | not being involved in the culture/conferences of the community
       | you wish to enter) will be an impediment to entering a new field:
       | you expect to be paid like a Ph.D., but will potentially require
       | years of training to get up to speed.
       | 
       | As an example, I remember the advice of "just go into data
       | science" being handed out like candy to students interested in
       | industry around the time I was in grad school (10 years ago). To
       | be sure, there was a period where a STEM background + interest
       | could get you in the door, but that time is over. These days you
       | are competing with many equally brilliant students who have taken
       | multiple courses and done research in this area, and it is highly
       | unlikely that an employer will take a chance retraining an e.g.
       | algebraic geometer with no precious data science experience to
       | suit their needs.
       | 
       | All this to say, if you have an interest in another area, you
       | must know the players and their work in that area while
       | simultaneously knowing your area in math. It is not easy by any
       | means, you are essentially signing up for twice as much work
       | learning your field and theirs, but the rewards are great - as a
       | connector between two fields, you have precious expertise that is
       | very employable across a broad range of industries (my first job
       | out of grad school was essentially providing advice on research
       | programs helping connect different STEM communities to government
       | funding agencies, but I was able to use my connections from that
       | job to get back into research).
        
         | BossingAround wrote:
         | > the onus is completely on you to bridge the gap between what
         | you do and the field you want to work in.
         | 
         | Yes, like for everyone else. Sounds like when I was getting
         | into the field with no formal comp sci education, only I was
         | expecting this to be true :).
        
         | mmmmpancakes wrote:
         | I want to re-frame what you're saying slightly.
         | 
         | Yes, the onus is on you to learn the skills you need to show up
         | and produce on day 1. That's 100% true and it is a lot of work.
         | Having a math phd alone and interest is not enough.
         | 
         | However, there are still plenty of paths from math phd into
         | data science and adjacent fields. Those courses you mention are
         | things that someone with a math phd can 100% self teach, almost
         | certainly to a level of understanding that is stronger than
         | someone coming out of a DS masters. Learning how to interview
         | on those concepts is important but ultimately they are very
         | easy for a math phd once they know what the rules of the game
         | are.
         | 
         | Personally, I spent the last year or so of my postdoc
         | obsessively leetcoding and doing side projects in DS and landed
         | a non-entry level data science position as my first job out of
         | academia at a FANG. This is with a pure math research
         | background totally unrelated to the position.
         | 
         | So it is still very possible. I think painting it like you do
         | is a bit pessimistic and will discourage the wrong people. From
         | personal experience, I saw comments like yours over the past
         | year while I was job hunting and found them very discouraging.
         | 
         | The most important things are:
         | 
         | - have a network of similar people who have also made the
         | transition (recently!) to get good advice and maybe also some
         | referrals. These are the people you met in grad school a few
         | years ahead of you.
         | 
         | - know exactly what type of position you want (or converge
         | quickly) and focus on it relentlessly.
         | 
         | - understand the value you bring and the value others perceive
         | someone like you to bring. Talking to people in hiring
         | positions for different roles is the fastest way to learn what
         | you have that is valuable. Do that as much as possible. Then
         | you can line up how you value yourself with how a hiring
         | manager values you, which will be the happiest result.
         | 
         | - take as many interview opportunities as possible to get that
         | interview experience.
         | 
         | - Work relentlessly to interview better than those people from
         | DS masters or whatever other sources they might come from.
        
       | lemursage wrote:
       | << You will like any subject once you get to know enough about
       | it. >>
       | 
       | this is a really important observation -- good attitude will do
       | wonders to your motivation for research.
        
         | t_mann wrote:
         | > << You will like any subject once you get to know enough
         | about it. >> this is a really important observation
         | 
         | And unfortunately false, as I've witnessed on multiple
         | occasions. Don't underestimate mental health problems in
         | academia, telling people that everything will fall into place
         | if they just keep pushing can lead to bad outcomes.
        
           | admissionsguy wrote:
           | > Don't underestimate mental health problems in academia
           | 
           | Having dropped out of my PhD due to - mostly - mental health
           | reasons, I don't fully understand the preoccupation with the
           | mental health situation in academia. Not that it is not bad,
           | but is it worse than in most other occupations? Or is it just
           | that academia is mostly populated by people of at minimum
           | middle class upbringing who are not supposed to experience
           | hardship of any kind?
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | It's statistically overrepresented in PhD students.
             | Something like 40% fit the criteria for severe depression
             | or severe anxiety.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > Something like 40% fit the criteria for severe
               | depression or severe anxiety.
               | 
               | Psychological (indeed, medical) criteria are not
               | necessarily all they're cracked up to be.
               | 
               | https://www.smbc-comics.com/index.php?db=comics&id=3303
        
             | t_mann wrote:
             | I wasn't actually saying anything about outside academia.
             | 
             | Makes me wonder, is there a name for that sort of reasoning
             | where one person asserts 'A is associated with B', and the
             | response tries to turn it into an argument about !A? I
             | guess it's not a strawman, but I'm sure the philosophers
             | have come up with a name for it.
        
             | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
             | The poor do not have a monopoly on suffering. The middle
             | class constitutes a large/majority portion of a lot of
             | western countries, it's odd to believe they are living
             | perfect lives free of pain and hardship.
             | 
             | Academia is the worst environment I've ever worked in,
             | worse than any industry job I've ever had whether blue
             | collar or white collar.
        
             | atq2119 wrote:
             | I suspect it is in part the combination of academia being a
             | somewhat "normatively standard" path for people to take
             | but, unlike most other such paths, inherently requires a
             | lot of self-discipline and self-motivation. The result is
             | that mental health issues may cause worse extreme outcomes,
             | for the sort of person who _can_ go into a PhD. The
             | "standard" alternative path for somebody like that is some
             | office job where you can just sort of muddle through: you
             | may be deeply unhappy, but the money still comes in and
             | it's easier to find satisfaction in other aspects of your
             | life.
             | 
             | There are other paths where self-discipline and self-
             | motivation are important, like being an independent
             | consultant, but those are generally not considered
             | "normatively standard" paths for people to take.
             | 
             | (My personal experience with academia was great. I was
             | genuinely interested in the topics, had great colleagues
             | and a great advisor. It probably helped that it was in
             | maths, where there is money for decent pay but no lab work
             | with which PhD students are routinely burdened.)
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | Mental health issues are not more likely to happen to
             | middle class. Middle class do have them, of course, but
             | lower classes have them more.
        
             | wbl wrote:
             | Academia has a uniquely personal importance: your work is a
             | reflection of your personal effort and interests for years.
             | It's also very isolated: the only people who did what I did
             | were hundreds of miles away at other institutions.
        
             | badpun wrote:
             | Doing a PhD is a bit like doing a startup, in the way that
             | you can work on something for years and produce nothing of
             | value. This is way more stressful than regular job where
             | your effort is validated every month with a paycheck. Many
             | people are not built for this level of stress and
             | uncertainty, but they're too young when they join the PhD
             | program to know that about themselves yet.
        
           | lemursage wrote:
           | It's not a statement about your general motivation for a PhD
           | -- I don't think you can easily find a subject for which you
           | will find a non-stop motivation 24h/7days for 3-4 years (or
           | so, eqv. period required to get a PhD). If you encounter a
           | dip in interest, which most likely will happen, you need to
           | understand that changing a PhD is not always a best option --
           | just because it sounds good now, it doesn't mean it will in 2
           | years time. You supervisor should be there to guide you into
           | interesting areas of research and may play a substantial role
           | in rekindling your motivation. Naturally, mental health
           | issues are another problem -- but I think they have often
           | different origins than "just boredom" with subject. I may be
           | completely wrong though.
        
           | imgabe wrote:
           | I haven't done a Phd, but I always think of Paul Graham
           | saying "If you think something's supposed to hurt, you won't
           | notice if you're doing it wrong"
        
       | j7ake wrote:
       | Author says 20 hours / week of research, but computer work counts
       | as half was because they are not deep thoughts.
       | 
       | So for computational heavy research, this would mean 40 hours per
       | week.
       | 
       | Taking the statement further, experimental research maybe counts
       | as a quarter because debugging machinery is even less deep?
       | 
       | This would be eye opening and maybe explains why experimental
       | phds are so much more brutal in terms of working hours than
       | theory.
        
         | orbifold wrote:
         | Of course if you do theory you barely have to work more than 4
         | hours a day can be counterproductive unless you are embarking
         | on a Lurie or Grothendieck style project and work 12 hour a
         | day.
        
         | goethes_kind wrote:
         | Not every Ph.d requires the same amount of deep thought.
         | Experimenting and hypothesizing and writing code is just not
         | the same as logically deriving a new proof, but not any less
         | worthy of a Ph.d.
        
       | bannedbybros wrote:
        
       | sumanthvepa wrote:
       | That bit about researchers being the CEOs of their own little
       | companies really resonated with me. I'm myself not a PhD, but I
       | worked at IBM Research for a while in a business development
       | role, and I amazed at how incredibly good the researchers in the
       | lab were at sales (when they took the time off from their
       | research to find a customer for their idea). I came to the
       | conclusion that it was their training as PhDs and their need to
       | constantly be pitching for grants. The process forces you to sell
       | your ideas, even when there is no concrete 'product' yet. And
       | that is not so different from how a startup CEO works. Not
       | surprisingly, many of them have gone on to start their own
       | companies very successfully, desipite never having managed
       | anything bigger their lab printer before.
        
       | why5s wrote:
       | > Computer programming work only counts at half the normal rate
       | because debugging isn't quite the same as deep thought.
       | 
       | This mentality is the reason why most software originating from
       | academia is awful. Productivity is measured by research output
       | (i.e. conference/journal papers) rather than the artifacts (i.e.
       | code/software) built to support said research.
        
       | blippage wrote:
       | Brit here. It seems a little different than US. I didn't take any
       | exams (except viva at the end). I was given some reports by PhD
       | students/researchers working in a similar field in the same
       | department as background reading. I thought that I'd never
       | understand the stuff, but after awhile, it seemed fairly
       | straightforward.
       | 
       | My supervisor chose me rather than the other way around. It
       | seemed an interesting subject, so I went for it. He set the
       | subject and had a general idea of the direction it should be
       | going.
       | 
       | An alternative approach is to look at the PhD opportunities at
       | various universities, and pick one that looks interesting. I
       | don't think it's rocket science.
       | 
       | The overwhelming number of theses will be a bunch of results that
       | are "quite interesting" and extend the field incrementally. Don't
       | expect to redefine the way people look at physics, mathematics,
       | or whatever.
       | 
       | My number one tip for getting a PhD in a timely fashion: work
       | hard and don't arse around on the internet all day. You don't
       | need the intellect of Gauss to get a PhD; although the brainier
       | the better, obviously.
        
         | groffee wrote:
         | > and don't arse around on the internet all day
         | 
         | I feel personally attacked!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Test0129 wrote:
         | Comprehensive entry exams are being done away with a lot of
         | schools. At the university I went to (before I dropped from the
         | program for financial reasons) I simply had to have gotten A's
         | in my last 4 semesters of CS classes. The last 4 semesters are
         | graduate courses, and undergrads simply do marginally less
         | work.
         | 
         | Comprehensive exams in my opinion are extremely dumb. You take
         | some classes and to take more classes you need to take
         | sometimes up to a year to cram 4 years of various CS trivia,
         | most likely unrelated to your core interest, to sit a 4-5 hour
         | long exam to prove you can regurgitate things. It really is
         | trivia too. My advisor issued these exams and showed me one of
         | the old ones. I am not sure how regurgitating the finer details
         | of computer architecture will ever help me produce research in
         | computational mathematics but apparently it was required.
         | 
         | It's just yet another shibboleth of academia. It provides the
         | illusion of exclusivity for a group that is so smart, they're
         | too dumb to see comprehensives prove nothing.
        
       | runeblaze wrote:
       | This article seems great. I can't help but think that given the
       | job market, the "best choice" for somebody in the program can
       | often be to get a masters and go into industry, which honestly
       | seems quite a bit easier than finishing a math PhD. The academia
       | jobs are hard to get and they pay relatively terribly.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | This is a useful nuts-and-bolts discussion of the academic
       | routine, but I'd disagree with this conclusion:
       | 
       | > "It's your company. Mathematicians each run a small business.
       | We work in malls called math departments. Your company sells
       | theorems. Your advisor is a free consultant for your company, not
       | your boss, not your employee. Ultimately YOU are responsible for
       | the success of your company..."
       | 
       | The adoption of corporate entrepreneur model of academic research
       | is one of the worst, if not the worst, things about the current
       | American academic system. Why?
       | 
       | First of all, who is funding this 'company'? Not you, in all
       | likelihood - it's the tax-paying public who finances the majority
       | of the funding train that keeps academic institutions afloat.
       | What does the public expect in return, ideally?
       | 
       | Well, how about producing highly skilled teachers, that seems
       | important in a technological society, where mathematical skills
       | are in general critically important. Hence, a critical part of
       | the PhD student's job (and the professor's) is the instruction of
       | the undergraduate population. This article doesn't even mention
       | the importance of that role.
       | 
       | Secondly, corporate research is highly secretive and non-
       | collaborative in nature, as the goal is creation of intellectual
       | property that can be sold on for a profit. This attitude is
       | entirely at odds with the most successful acadamic model for
       | making scientific progress, i.e. collaboration and rapid sharing
       | of results. If you spend your time in academia worrying about
       | people stealing your work and not trusting anyone, it's going to
       | be a fairly miserable experience.
       | 
       | My advice is to toss the corporate enterpreneur model in the
       | garbage bin.
        
         | LudwigNagasena wrote:
         | > Well, how about producing highly skilled teachers, that seems
         | important in a technological society, where mathematical skills
         | are in general critically important. Hence, a critical part of
         | the PhD student's job (and the professor's) is the instruction
         | of the undergraduate population. This article doesn't even
         | mention the importance of that role.
         | 
         | That makes zero sense. If you want to make teachers and
         | lecturers, why not create the path of a pedagogy bootcamp or a
         | MSc if you like fancy titles and wasting time? Why would you
         | push people through PhDs? PhDs spend 3-5 years mastering a
         | single narrow domain area, it has absolutely zero utility wrt
         | teaching unless we are talking about graduate-level courses
         | that PhD students take...
        
         | huitzitziltzin wrote:
         | The highlighted sentence is a metaphor and it's the right one.
         | 
         | You are selling in your academic career. You are selling
         | results, papers, conference presentations, whatever counts
         | _among your peers_ in your field.
         | 
         | You will not have a career _as an academic_ in your field
         | unless you can sell your work to your peers in the field.
         | 
         | No one cares about your teaching, certainly not of undergrads
         | (exceptions exist at some liberal arts colleges). Your
         | department and your dean care about your research. That's it.
         | 
         | You have to sell it both to get it published and to get it
         | cited. Do that and you'll be fine. Don't and you won't have a
         | career in a university.
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | What you say is true... but that's also why American
           | academics is widely viewed as corrupt and unproductive,
           | ridden with fraudulent con artists, and falling into the same
           | kind of failure mode seen in, for example, Soviet science
           | under the regime of Lysenko.
           | 
           | Now if you wanted to rise to a position of academic power
           | under the likes of Lysenko, you'd want to follow this
           | careerist path, you'd want to observe Lysenko, sing the song
           | that Lysenko wanted to hear, and you'd be rewarded
           | appropriately.
           | 
           | That's the way of authoritarian bureaucratic
           | institutionalism, not the way of high-quality science. It
           | also doesn't really matter whether the structure is
           | 'capitalist' or 'socialist', it's all about who sits at the
           | top of the hierarchy in such systems. Crushing independent
           | thought is what they have in common.
        
             | mmmmpancakes wrote:
             | > that's also why American academics is widely viewed as
             | corrupt and unproductive, ridden with fraudulent con
             | artists
             | 
             | .... according to who exactly? This is total hearsay.
        
             | arcanus wrote:
             | > What you say is true... but that's also why American
             | academics is widely viewed as corrupt and unproductive,
             | ridden with fraudulent con artists, and falling into the
             | same kind of failure mode seen in, for example, Soviet
             | science under the regime of Lysenko.
             | 
             | Citation needed. I'm a former academic, and seldom a
             | defender, and I entirely dispute this statement. American
             | academia is widely considered the international leader by
             | any ranking I'm aware of.
             | 
             | For some data, consider the rankings of international
             | universities: https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-
             | universities/ra...
             | 
             | Or, by largest concentration of highly cited researchers:
             | https://clarivate.com/blog/highly-cited-
             | researchers-2021-how...
             | 
             | Bottom line: the American academy isn't perfect, but it's
             | far from fraudulent, as the parent alleged.
        
               | photochemsyn wrote:
               | The reluctance of the American academic bureaucracy to
               | admit to the prevalence of fraud in academic research is
               | understandable, but there are many examples. Some of the
               | recent notables are the serotonin hypothesis of
               | depression, and aspects of the amyloid theory of
               | Alzheimer's. Data falsification is not uncommon, and it's
               | often done for obvious reasons - a graduate student may
               | want that positive result that finishes off their PhD
               | work and gets them a needed publication, a professor may
               | want to support their past work with new data and
               | results, an academic startup may want to prop up their
               | latest drug development results to draw in investors and
               | big corporations, etc.
               | 
               | The reason academic institutions don't want to talk about
               | it is the same reason that religious institutions don't
               | want to talk about child abuse - it makes a mockery of
               | their whole enterprise. With the former, it's the search
               | for truth via the scientific process, and with the later
               | it's upholding moral standards and guiding society. Both
               | institutions cover up such things in order to preserve
               | their public image - which, of course, allows such
               | behaviors to persist.
               | 
               | Note also that the corporatization of research, i.e. the
               | focus on generating lucrative patents and the resulting
               | emphasis on keeping raw data secret, tends to amplify
               | opportunities for fraud.
        
               | Misdicorl wrote:
               | Citing a few highly damaging cases of fraud isn't enough
               | to make your point. You have to show that it's more
               | prevalent and damaging in the US system than in other
               | systems.
               | 
               | That seems an extraordinarily unlikely bar to meet based
               | on my cursory knowledge of where large scale fraud is
               | happening. But perhaps you know more and would like to
               | enlighten me.
        
               | psyklic wrote:
               | I wasn't aware that the serotonin hypothesis was
               | "fraudulent," nor can I find credible evidence of this on
               | Google. Instead, it seems that the scientific process
               | worked as intended. A reasonable hypothesis was initially
               | proposed, then opposing evidence accumulated over time.
               | 
               | This seems moreso an issue with the pharmaceutical
               | industry. For example: "In 2005, two academics published
               | a piece of research in which they compared the
               | information on pharmaceutical websites with the
               | pronouncements of certain researchers, and found a
               | 'disconnect' between the marketing and the experts'
               | views." - https://joannamoncrieff.com/2022/07/24/how-to-
               | take-the-news-...
        
               | jll29 wrote:
               | > The reason academic institutions don't want to talk
               | about it is the same reason that religious institutions
               | don't want to talk about child abuse - it makes a mockery
               | of their whole enterprise.
               | 
               | This is why in science, replication of past work is
               | essential. Every new Ph.D. student should replicate a
               | paper's results in their area of interest as a warm-up
               | exercise.
               | 
               | In Information Retrieval (the part of Computer Science
               | concerned with search for information - search engines
               | etc.), conferences like ECIR have regular
               | reproduceability tracks, where such works of scrutiny get
               | published, and are highly regarded.
               | 
               | There needs to be a cultural change to the effect that
               | genuine errors and fraud can happen, but we can weed it
               | out to an extent by independently repeating past work.
        
               | krastanov wrote:
               | In the last 15 years academic institutions have
               | definitely started talking about it, especially in new
               | mandatory classes on ethics for their students.
        
               | saberience wrote:
               | You may be accurate (or not) in your assertions but I
               | would be wary of citing "usnews.com", when using it as
               | proof that US universities are the "best".
               | 
               | I think Americans are generally very biased when looking
               | objectively and rationally at their own country. E.g.
               | Looking at Iran as a barbaric backwards country, when the
               | US just banned abortion and has spent the last 50 years
               | killing more people in international wars than any other
               | country.
        
           | landryraccoon wrote:
           | That's horrible.
           | 
           | If what you claim is true true, public funding of
           | universities should end. Universities should serve the public
           | interest, and teaching is an essential part of that.
           | 
           | The public spends untold billions funding universities and we
           | should at least get a well educated workforce out of it.
           | 
           | The thousand year old college system's time is over if what
           | you say is true. There's no point to it.
        
             | mirker wrote:
             | You can only do teaching but it's a different career path
             | entirely. Some people don't like it because you lose out on
             | power and tenure.
        
             | graycat wrote:
             | The bomb. The hydrogen bomb. It's about the bomb!
             | 
             | Due to the bomb, US academics got a big dose of money aimed
             | at:
             | 
             | Making sure the US is never behind in anything in math,
             | science, or even medicine in any way that could hurt US
             | national security or even the US economy or US health care.
             | Or "Never again will US academics be permitted to operate
             | independent of the US military" -- or some such, and I do
             | recall the thought but just now don't recall the source.
             | 
             | So, the departments of math, physical science, and
             | engineering get grants from the US NSF, DARPA, DoE, NIH,
             | etc.
             | 
             | The university takes 60% or so for _overhead_ and, thus,
             | pays for the nice campus landscaping, the limo for the
             | President, the glass walled coffee shop, the theater group
             | and the string quartet concerts, the social science
             | departments, the humanities departments, the art
             | departments, the artist in residence program, the library,
             | etc.
             | 
             | But the US stays up in number theory, mathematical and
             | theoretical physics, computer science, ....
             | 
             | "Education"? There, sure, the first requirement is that the
             | prof knows what the leading edge results are and
             | understands them well enough to teach them and, more
             | important, direct research in them.
             | 
             | How to make sure the profs are not just wasting time? Use
             | competition, have all the profs in competition with all the
             | other profs in the world and insist that the US profs
             | getting funded look like the best profs in the world.
             | 
             | How to evaluate a prof? Count published papers. Weight the
             | counts by the prestige of the journals. Count citations.
             | Count prizes. See what job offers the profs are getting.
             | 
             | If the US starts to fall behind, then Congress can vote
             | more money. Congress can vote lots of money, plenty to be
             | sufficient to keep the US ahead.
             | 
             | Uh, Congress has lots of money because, net, the US is
             | rich. E.g., the last time I added the retail cost of the
             | ingredients for one of my pizzas for one, the cost was
             | $0.39, that is, 39 cents. When a lot of US people are
             | getting paid $30+ an hour, the 39 cents represents some
             | astoundingly high economic productivity -- for the flour,
             | cheese, sausage, trucks, railroads, farm machinery, wheat,
             | corn, soy bean seeds, etc. involved.
             | 
             | Education for good jobs in the economy for the students?
             | Naw, .... Instead, the main issue is the bomb, the hydrogen
             | bomb!!!! Did I mention the bomb?
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | As it stands, more and more college level teaching is being
             | done by non tenure track employees. Also, the non-tenure-
             | track teaching jobs are a miserable grind. The thousand
             | year old college system has evolved continuously from
             | decade to decade, and is not the same thing that it was,
             | even 50 years ago.
        
         | sgregnt wrote:
         | If an adviser is a free consultant what is his incentive to
         | provide this consultation?
        
         | yodsanklai wrote:
         | > The adoption of corporate entrepreneur model of academic
         | research is one of the worst, if not the worst, things about
         | the current American academic system. Why?
         | 
         | That's not how I read the paragraph you quoted.
         | 
         | I think the point is that you're basically working for yourself
         | when you do a PhD, not for your boss. You're given carte
         | blanche for a few years, and it's your responsibility to
         | produce value out of this time. The value here isn't measured
         | in money but in publications.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | conformist wrote:
         | It can, at the same time, be correct as an (individual-level)
         | descriptive statement but counterproductive as a (system-level)
         | normative statement.
         | 
         | As in, it's probably realistically good advice to a PhD
         | student, because it reflects the state of affairs, but it's
         | possibly unfortunate that that is the case.
        
         | mmmmpancakes wrote:
         | You misinterpret the spirit of the quote. What it means is the
         | following.
         | 
         | > Having very good research is a necessary condition to succeed
         | in academia, but it is not sufficient.
         | 
         | The reason why this is emphasized to starting academics is that
         | many naively believe the system is purely meritocratic and that
         | their work will speak for itself. This is borne out of an
         | ignorance of how fundamentally important it is to communicate
         | the importance of your work to others.
         | 
         | The reality is that there is a total glut of research. Even the
         | best do not have time to sift through all recent results in
         | their broader field. Even if they scan abstracts, understanding
         | the true value of results is a hard process that takes time.
         | The most effective way to understand value of research is to
         | interrogate the researcher directly (e.g., in a seminar talk).
         | Thus, self-advertisement through seminar talks and other modes
         | is crucial to getting your message out. Otherwise you will wilt
         | into obscurity.
         | 
         | I can assure you, the space for some sort of corporate style
         | huckster selling poor research with flashy branding in pure
         | math is very small. This stuff is not easy to fake.
        
         | patrick451 wrote:
         | > Well, how about producing highly skilled teachers, that seems
         | important in a technological society, where mathematical skills
         | are in general critically important. Hence, a critical part of
         | the PhD student's job (and the professor's) is the instruction
         | of the undergraduate population. This article doesn't even
         | mention the importance of that role.
         | 
         | They don't mention it because it's unimportant. Your thesis
         | committee cares about your research and that's it. If your
         | advisor is well funded, you can easily finish a stem PhD and
         | never teach a single class. If you do have to teach, getting
         | perfect feedback or terrible feedback from student evaluations
         | has zero bearing on whether you earn a PhD.
        
       | _of wrote:
       | mandatory phd comics:
       | 
       | https://bashify.io/images/JAgsAM
       | 
       | No but seriously, it was one of the best periods of my life. A
       | lot of creativity, freedom and long nights working on things that
       | are far away from the corporate world.
        
       | meltyness wrote:
       | I feel like writing this in LaTeX is a way of saying, "someone
       | should study this."
       | 
       | My takeaways are the 20 hours a week. That's a hard wall to break
       | through, beyond which you can't really consolidate, I'm running
       | into that, and I don't have any BS to put up with.
       | 
       | On finding an advisor -- why would a graduate even apply to a
       | school without having selected a research interest / target?
       | Undergrads are all research-exposed, so I don't know why you'd
       | subject yourself to more if that wasn't your purpose! Yikes! What
       | happened to the 3-4 LetRecs to even get in the door?!
        
         | woopwoop wrote:
         | Undergrads are mostly not exposed to research in mathematics.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Mathematician here. For me, writing in latex is the lowest
         | possible barrier to making a document, because I write all my
         | documents in latex. Professors get free and easy static
         | webspace, fancier web services are a headache. It's not a
         | statement. It's the familiar and accessible technology.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | There really is one question that people should grapple with
       | early in their academic path, and think about hard (because it is
       | rarely deliberately posed as a question to students):
       | 
       | Unless you are extremely talented and have some gift for a very
       | specific topic or subfield, I would argue that finding a good
       | environment (e.g. lots of adjacent collaborative research
       | opportunities, and other productive students) and a good advisor
       | is far more important than any particular thesis topic.
       | 
       | What I have observed is that few people at the end of their
       | academic careers (esp. those who decide to do something else
       | later) would say that the topic of their thesis was really all
       | that important. They might have equally chosen some other related
       | topic out of sheer luck or accident.
       | 
       | Far more important were the experiences of:
       | 
       | -- developing critical thinking
       | 
       | -- how to organize your life and work methods while trying to get
       | a research project done
       | 
       | -- how to collaborate with others and use self-initiative to seek
       | out opportunities
       | 
       | -- learning how to pick yourself up after ideas fail, or how to
       | power through adversity and difficulty phases in your work
       | 
       | Almost all academic programs (or just tradition) make it seem
       | like the thesis question you answer is the entire goal of your
       | career. I doubt it.
       | 
       | As I said maybe for the rare few with a calling to be expert in
       | <xyz tensor manifold number theory> etc. etc. it matters. But
       | given that so few people reach the pinnacle of academia, for
       | many, many others, these things are far more important outcomes
       | that you keep with you in life.
       | 
       | Maybe it's a similar logic to "it doesn't actually matter that
       | much what particular app you're building, it's that you launch
       | something and have the experience of doing that, in prep for your
       | next thing".
        
       | kkwteh wrote:
       | What would have really helped me during my PhD, would have been
       | to learn some project management skills. Just basic stuff like
       | tracking where you've spent your time and using documents to
       | track various projects. I wasn't exposed to any of these things
       | until I entered industry and by that time it was too late.
        
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