[HN Gopher] Constructive and obsessive criticism in science
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       Constructive and obsessive criticism in science
        
       Author : fnubbly
       Score  : 31 points
       Date   : 2022-08-12 14:41 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | They are mostly focused on medical science, but they do mention
       | the precedent from climate change. We seem to have moved past a
       | lot of that, or at least into a new phase, but as far as I'm
       | aware no-one has even been held accountable for the lies spread
       | around that topic. Is there any mechanims to do so?
       | 
       | All those scientists hounded for 'faking' climate change. Did
       | they ever get compensated for that? If not then we've basically
       | created a situation where it's fairly cheap to harass people who
       | do science that will affect your bottom line.
       | 
       | Given the recent Alex Jones ruling, I can't help notice a
       | parallel there. Is an online mob of people with mental problems
       | the best new way to censor information and discourage scientific
       | oversight?
        
       | fallingknife wrote:
       | How much of this is actually criticism of actual science vs
       | politics justified as "science?" I have seen very little of the
       | former and a lot of the latter. And the massive jump in 2020 due
       | to covid makes sense. Many decisions made by the government, and
       | publicly justified as "science" were clearly politically
       | motivated, and could not even be said to be scientifically
       | supported. e.g. covid checks crossing borders when covid was
       | rampant on both sides. And political leaders not only justified
       | their decisions as scientific, but also implied that this made
       | them unassailable by the public and even called for censorship of
       | opposing views under the guise of "misinformation." e.g. the
       | whole lab leak controversy. If our leaders continue to act like
       | this, they can expect the "obsessive" criticism to continue.
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | > were clearly politically motivated, and could not even be
         | said to be scientifically supported. e.g. covid checks crossing
         | borders when covid was rampant on both sides
         | 
         | Travellers are both highly motivated to lie about their current
         | covid status (e.g. plane tickets, hotels, vacation days) and
         | also very likely to be actively moving through and about
         | multiple communities instead of quarantining on arrival. This
         | should never have been a political issue because it's an easy,
         | obvious testing checkpoint with clear scientific support.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | But this is pointless when the virus is already endemic on
           | both sides of the border. A few imported cases is an
           | irrelevant drop in the ocean of domestic cases you already
           | have.
        
       | Silverback_VII wrote:
        
       | skymer wrote:
       | It seems as though the authors of this paper were vocal critics
       | of the government response to Covid-19, and faced the full
       | "obsessive" wrath of criticism (although, unlike many others,
       | they don't seem to have lost their jobs). The same thing happens
       | to non-conformist scientists in other highly politicized areas
       | like man-made global warming. I think it is similar to what
       | happened to Galileo 400 years ago.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Vocal critics of which government response, and in which
         | direction (too little or too much response)?
         | 
         | All the way through I felt like they might have been talking
         | about anti-vaxx 'scientists', especially when they mentioned
         | 'cancelling' and cited someone who was very anti-lockdown, but
         | they managed to keep it general enough I couldn't be sure which
         | side they ware taking.
        
           | skymer wrote:
           | I think the authors feel the government response (lockdowns,
           | vax mandates, etc) was too strong. But the article makes it
           | hard to determine whose criticism of which scientists is
           | considered "obsessive".
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | We likely disagree with them on the specific issue if that
             | is the case (IMO the lockdowns were insufficient, not too
             | strong) but I think we've all seen anecdotally that science
             | is being drawn too much into the public debate. And their
             | altmetric table seems to point to something quantifiable.
             | 
             | Science should serve an advisory role in public decision
             | making, not act as a load-bearing structure. Science
             | involves argument, full consensus is never achieved, and
             | "it's only a model, really." (maybe science-communicators
             | need to start repeating this like investing companies --
             | "investment involves risk, past returns don't guarantee
             | blah blah blah...")
        
           | Cupertino95014 wrote:
           | So you have to decide which tribe he's in before you can
           | decide if you agree?
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Yes.
             | 
             | Things have context. Without that context you have no real
             | idea what you are agreeing with or supporting. If someone
             | is intentionally hiding that context then it's probably for
             | a bad reason.
        
               | Cupertino95014 wrote:
               | As opposed to just responding to what they said. Or not
               | saying anything, if it's incomplete. OK.
        
         | Ensorceled wrote:
         | I think you are talking about inter-science criticism, where
         | the entrenched science community is often hostile to the
         | outliers in the science community.
         | 
         | This article appears to be talking about the attack on the
         | science community from outsiders, both political and otherwise,
         | with or without support of members of the community.
        
       | mortenlwk wrote:
       | This is a condition of human social life. Tribes protect their
       | area of interest, the domain in which they dominate is what
       | provides them bread, butter, and prestige. But it is more than
       | that nowadays, it is the primary identity marker for many. In
       | some sense this is needed in a civilization to enable the
       | scientific endeavour, but I feel like the gravitational pull that
       | reverts to mean, has always, well yeah, reverted, is a function
       | of the cost of information movement. Today crazy ideas can gain
       | traction in days, rather than decades, and I fear that some of
       | these narrative bubbles are beyond pulling back in.
        
       | swatcoder wrote:
       | For those interested in this topic but who would like to see it
       | explored with greater remove from present controversies, there's
       | a ton of great academic writing from the mid-20th century by
       | historians and philosophers interested in looking at science
       | primarily as a sociological phenomenon with cultural consequences
       | rather than just as an epistemic tool for making inferences.
       | 
       | Among many others, Thomas Kuhn makes for a great introduction to
       | stepping back and looking at science from that sociological
       | perspective, and Paul Feyerabend -- respected but controversial -
       | anticipated exactly the sort of challenges we see surfacing
       | today.
        
       | Cupertino95014 wrote:
       | > the critics often lack field-specific skills and technical
       | expertise
       | 
       | > (in "diagnostic criteria") Lack of track record of field-
       | specific skills and sufficient field-specific technical expertise
       | 
       | So it's a closed club: "You're not one of us, so you're not
       | allowed to criticize us"
       | 
       | > (in "diagnostic criteria") Argumentum ad populum: claiming,
       | without evidence, that most scientists disagree or believe the
       | work is harmful
       | 
       | Almost everyone on both sides seems to do this. Claiming that
       | there's a "scientific consensus" usually only means that contrary
       | views are refused by the leading journals.
       | 
       | Real consensus only emerges over years or decades. The big bang
       | theory only became consensus when all the other theories had
       | failed.
        
       | lukeschwartz wrote:
       | The title should be "Scientific harassment"; obsessively
       | criticizing science is how we do science.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | It took a while for the author to move from a very abstact
       | concept to the concrete example, and that was Covid-19 (and only
       | Covid-19). However, there's also a good argument that the
       | scientific and medical experts flubbed certain aspects of the
       | global response and investigation of the pandemic in many
       | regards. Note also that failures and errors stand out more than
       | successes do, that's just a common human social phenomenon.
       | 
       | These problems can be plausibly grouped into (1) investigation of
       | the origin, (2) effectiveness of masking, and (3) effectiveness
       | of the vaccines.
       | 
       | With respect to the origin, it's plausible that the Wuhan lab
       | (funded in part by the US government via Ecohealth alliance) was
       | the point origin of the pandemic. The natural zoonotic origin
       | theory, however, was trumpted by the experts for months as the
       | only possible explanation, and critics were silenced and targeted
       | by the establishment media and leading academics in the field.
       | Currently, lab leak theories are of three types: (a) the lab
       | collected a wild-type virus from a remote region (southern
       | China/border perhaps) and it escaped from the lab, (b) the lab
       | cultivated that virus in bats and genetically modified mice,
       | which increased its virulence via serial passage, and then it
       | escaped, and (c) the lab modified the viral genome directly by
       | inserting sequences into the cell-binding domain (the furin
       | issue) using a CRISPR strategy (developed in the USA some years
       | previously) which allowed it to jump easily to humans. Most
       | rational people disregard claims that this was some deliberate
       | release. Refusal to investigate all this immediately was a major
       | failure of the scientific establishment. See the book 'Viral' by
       | Ridley & Chan for a comprehensive discussion.
       | 
       | With respect to masking, there was a lot of contradictory
       | messaging along with a lack of any convincing studies on
       | effectiveness, plus a lot of politicization of the issue. The
       | most solid conclusion is that people infected with respiratory
       | pathogens should wear masks to prevent infecting others. Note
       | that for many years, this has been the social norm in, for
       | example, Japan. Note also that handwashing is just as important
       | for stopping transmission, but for some reason that never became
       | a political 'red-vs-blue' flashpoint.
       | 
       | Finally, the effectiveness of the vaccines was oversold. The
       | rapid rise of mutations was certainly a confounding factor (i.e.
       | the vaccines may have been more effective against initial
       | strains), but they were promoted as polio/smallpox/MMR type
       | vaccines, i.e. once vaccinated chances of getting infected and
       | spreading the disease were supposed to be essentially zero. It
       | turns out the vaccines are more like flu shots, only partially
       | effective. Vaccinated people can be asymptomatic carriers and
       | spreaders of Covid-19. This created quite a bit of distrust, and
       | may have impacted the other issue, claims about prevalence and
       | severity of side effects of vaccination (smallpox vaccine had
       | more severe side effects, but was also much more effective,
       | so...). There's also many suspicions about the profit motive of
       | the vaccine manufacturers, particularly with respect to pushing
       | the boosters and the necessity of vaccinating the under-18 and
       | young-adult population. Additionally, the effectiveness of post-
       | infection 'natural immunity' was never really examined in the
       | context of the necessity of vaccination for such individuals.
       | 
       | The scientific and medical response to Covid wasn't all bad, of
       | course, people did a lot of hard work in an effort to stop it,
       | but these failures and errors certainly stand out. There was a
       | kind of paternalistic flavor to the public messaging as well, as
       | if people were too stupid to handle the facts and complexities,
       | which led to distrust. Also the 'stay in your lane' theme of this
       | article is a bit offbase, you don't need to be a working expert
       | in immunology and virology to be capable of seeing these problems
       | (my working academic background is in microbiology and molecular
       | biology, for example).
        
       | acenes wrote:
       | Ioannidis is just butthurt that he has been criticized for being
       | wrong https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/what-the-heck-happened-
       | to-j...
        
         | sarcher wrote:
         | Ya, he just can't stop being mad. He published another paper
         | back in February about how twitter is the reason people don't
         | like his ideas:
         | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/2/e052891.responses
         | 
         | I linked to the response sections instead of the paper because
         | the paper is boring.
        
           | trebbble wrote:
           | Holy crap. The links from these couple posts incline me to
           | believe the guy's fallen into "safe to ignore for the rest of
           | his life" territory, whatever decent work he may have done
           | earlier.
           | 
           | I don't get what's with folks getting stuff related to covid
           | very wrong--which is fine! Practically everyone was wrong
           | about it at one point or another!--but then doubling down on
           | their position when it's crystal clear they were wrong,
           | instead of owning up to it and moving on. They do it to the
           | point of completely wrecking their reputations and making
           | having-been-wrong-about-covid-but-being-in-denial their
           | entire public persona, as in this case. Why? Why do that?
           | 
           | The bit where he was insulting the _appearance_ of a grad
           | student, at length, _in a goddamn peer reviewed paper_ --I
           | mean, damn dude, how do you not realize you're fucking up
           | when you start heading down that path? What must be going
           | wrong with someone for them to look back at that writing and
           | go, "yep, nailed it, time to submit, this is definitely gonna
           | convince people"?
        
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