[HN Gopher] Nearby star's midlife crisis illuminates the future ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nearby star's midlife crisis illuminates the future of our own Sun
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2022-08-11 14:29 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | 8jef wrote:
       | It's interesting to know _busy_ Sun periods can transition to
       | _quiet_ ones. I wonder how these cycles can affect life on Earth,
       | climate wise, in the long run... like, what has been leading to
       | the _short ice age_ we had in the middle ages?
        
         | tunap wrote:
         | Great site for monitoring solar activities. Don't let the
         | unobtrusive, old-school ads turn you off, it's a community
         | college project trying to pay the bills.
         | 
         | https://spaceweather.com/
         | 
         | And, some info on the cycle:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cycle
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | >Don't let the unobtrusive, old-school ads turn you off, i
           | 
           | I especially like the ad for a 9 planets ring. Is that item
           | old enough from when we had 9 planets, or is it a solid bit
           | of defiance in accepting there's only 8 planets?
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | Nobody is sure. Leading ideas are orbital cycles, decreased
         | solar activity, increased volcanic activity, changes in ocean
         | currents, re- or de-forestation as a result of declines in
         | human population, and just the fact that climate is complex and
         | variable.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Ice_Age#Possible_causes
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | Right at the top of this article I found myself surprised by the
       | idea that people in the 1600s had figured out a way to safely
       | look at the sun through a telescope and make observations about
       | sun spots.
       | 
       | I don't know much about this, except that you can do it on a
       | telescope today by putting in a solar lens, which looks basically
       | opaque, as that's what it takes to reduce the light of the sun to
       | something we can handle. I spent a while googling to figure out
       | how they did it and got basically nothing.
       | 
       | So, HN, does anyone know how the early telescope users figured
       | this out? How many went blind trying different filtering
       | approaches before they got a "just right" filter that let enough
       | light through to observe the sun without hurting themselves?
        
         | acegopher wrote:
         | I believe it was done by projection onto a wall or screen, for
         | example through a pinhole projection, rather than looking
         | through a lens directly.
        
           | KMnO4 wrote:
           | I, and many others, learned a lot about the sun when during
           | the last solar eclipse.
           | 
           | I held a spice shaker lid (ie a disc with several round
           | holes) into the sun and observed several crescent-shaped
           | shadows on the ground [0]. It turns out the light that passes
           | through the holes is a projection of the sun, which is kinda
           | a neat realization. It was pretty unintuitive before I saw
           | this, so I'm impressed by the 17th century astronomers.
           | 
           | 0: Similar to https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-cheese-
           | grater-is-used-...
        
             | theandrewbailey wrote:
             | I was in Kentucky for the eclipse in 2017. I was looking
             | around for a pin and some paper to do that, before I
             | realized I was wearing a straw hat. It's a pinhole
             | projector factory.
        
             | trebbble wrote:
             | Anyone who was near a tree during the eclipse saw that,
             | too. The effect was very clear in spots of light passing
             | through leaves. Definitely weird to see.
        
               | r2_pilot wrote:
               | Weird, but wonderful. I laid down a large (butcher paper)
               | white sheet under a tree and took a picture. Much later
               | on, I took that same picture and a pencil I had at the
               | time, and projected the picture back onto the butcher
               | paper and traced the picture back onto it. Pretty cool
               | art!
        
               | 7373737373 wrote:
               | Check this out: https://youtu.be/X9_6EbucCPQ
               | 
               | Cover your windows with opaque garbage bags, cut a small
               | hole into one (<1in), and voila! Camera obscura!
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | I first discovered this for myself as a child when walking
             | along a tree-lined path during the solar eclipse and seeing
             | that the sunlight through the trees was crescent-shaped!
             | Looking online, lots of people saw this too!
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | In searching for the info... Eye injuries of early solar
         | observers - https://aty.sdsu.edu/vision/others.html
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Harriot#Sunspots
         | 
         | > Harriot observed the sunspot with the use of a telescope in a
         | direct and hazardous way. ... Specifics as to how Harriot's
         | telescope was set up remains largely unknown.
         | 
         | This lead me to
         | http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/sunspots.html
         | 
         | > Scheiner, a Jesuit mathematician at the university of
         | Ingolstadt (near Augsburg), wished to preserve the perfection
         | of the Sun and the heavens and therefore argued that sunspots
         | were satellites of the Sun. They appeared as black spots when
         | they passed in front of the Sun but were invisible at other
         | points in their orbits. Their orbits had to be very close to
         | the Sun for their shapes were foreshortened as they approached
         | its edge. Scheiner observed sunspots through a telescope
         | equipped with colored glasses.
         | 
         | > ...
         | 
         | > It was Castelli who developed the method of projecting the
         | Sun's image through the telescope, a technique that made it
         | possible to study the Sun in detail even when it was high in
         | the sky.
         | 
         | This was a very rapid development.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto_Castelli
         | 
         | > In December 1610, Galileo received a letter from Castelli,
         | asking if the phases of Venus were observable through Galileo's
         | new telescope.
         | 
         | This then lead lead me to
         | https://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/multimedia/Helio...
         | 
         | > In his work on sunspots dated 1613, Galileo refers to the
         | method invented by Benedetto Castelli for observing through the
         | telescope and drawing--without damage to his eyes--the spots
         | that he had discovered on the Sun's surface.
         | 
         | > Galileo darkens the room and aims the telescope at the Sun.
         | At about one meter from the eyepiece, he places a sheet of
         | white paper. The solar disk is thus projected on the sheet. To
         | heighten the contrast of the image and thus make it easier to
         | observe, Galileo places a darkening screen around the sheet. He
         | now draws a circle on the sheet with the compasses and, moving
         | the sheet closer or farther away, he finds the position where
         | the Sun's image exactly overlaps the circle. He then marks the
         | sunspots on the sheet. Since the Sun moves, the helioscope
         | itself must be moved continuously in order to keep the solar
         | image in the circle.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | Because these things are probably cyclic, we may soon experience
       | another Maunder Minimum and maybe even another ice age. (Those
       | are cyclic too.)
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | "searching for stars in a similar stage could help identify other
       | solar systems conducive to complex life."
       | 
       | Then all you need is a way to detect planets that maintain a
       | strong, protective magnetic field.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-08-11 23:01 UTC)