[HN Gopher] Solein - Protein out of thin air
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Solein - Protein out of thin air
        
       Author : Anon84
       Score  : 108 points
       Date   : 2022-08-04 16:30 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.solein.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.solein.com)
        
       | midnitewarrior wrote:
       | Solein is air, people!
        
       | besus wrote:
       | Old news... Charlton Heston already figured out the secret years
       | ago!
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UPDUpjkHg0
        
       | gpcr1949 wrote:
       | I understand it's fake (what is the carbon source? it is stated
       | to be CO_2 neutral) but I guess I don't understand the point or
       | punchline.
       | 
       | edit: as pointed out below and elsewhere, the carbon source is
       | CO2, and I misinterpreted the way CO2 neutral is used here, my
       | bad. However there are serious questions to ask about how they
       | are representing and overselling their process. It is a complete
       | misrepresentation to present this as protein synthesis out of air
       | (in fact, the nitrogen source is ammonia [0], NOT nitrogen
       | fixation).
       | 
       | [0] https://youtu.be/z8zuqR95fqA?t=136 timestamped video from
       | solar foods
        
         | sacred_numbers wrote:
         | The carbon source is CO2 in the air. Digesting the food creates
         | CO2, which completes the cycle of carbon neutrality.
        
           | gpcr1949 wrote:
           | Yes, I read a bit on this (apparently real after all)
           | business and I saw CO2 is the carbon source. It just confused
           | me the promotional website does not even mention CO2. When
           | they called Solein carbon neutral, I assumed they are talking
           | about the product and process, not the entire cycle (in the
           | same way you might call planting trees CO2-emission
           | negative), though this makes sense. In any case, I still find
           | it to be a pretty strong misrepresentation to call this
           | protein synthesis out of "thin air".
        
             | washbrain wrote:
             | Planting a tree is carbon neutral if you do nothing to
             | sequester the carbon. It's negative in the short term, but
             | neutral over the life of the tree (more or less).
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Trees live long enough that that "short term" can still
               | be 100s of years, and buying ourselves 100 years is
               | probably the best we can hope for anyway at this point.
               | And trees are capable of automatically spawning new
               | trees, so a self-sustaining growing tree population
               | should surely count as carbon negative...
        
               | drjasonharrison wrote:
               | ...and then the drought, followed by the fire...
               | 
               | The amount of carbon in the atmosphere, that used to be
               | underground in coal, oil, and gas.
               | 
               | More than 170 gigatons. (approximately, this is just the
               | 40% higher concentration than historical high point,
               | based on 412 ppm co2 in atmosphere vs 300 ppm historical
               | high point, back of the envelope).
               | 
               | This seems like a lot of land, a lot of trees, and would
               | have to include harvesting and storing the trees after
               | 100 years.
        
               | wizofaus wrote:
               | Well I wasn't proposing we could solve climate change
               | _just_ planting trees (though I 've seen that exact
               | proposition made before). Genetically engineered trees
               | that have a much faster CO2 processing time perhaps...
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | If something spills, do you soak it up with a sponge?
        
               | washbrain wrote:
               | As someone who manages hundreds of acres of forest - most
               | trees won't live that long because we'll harvest them or
               | they'll die to disease and wildfire.
               | 
               |  _Reforesting_ an area would be carbon negative, and
               | eventually the first will saturate. It 's much _much_
               | more carbon negative to produce biochar, biotar, or mass
               | timber buildings.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | Can someone explain the need for the word 'thin'?
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | "Out of thin air" is a common idiom[0]. Probably not needed,
         | but not an unusual thing to say in this context either.
         | 
         | [0]https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/out+of+thin+air
        
           | otikik wrote:
           | On the other hand, "heavy water" is a molecule different than
           | "usual" water. One shouldn't drink heavy water.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | Actually according to that article it's perfectly safe to
             | drink in moderate quantities, as long as it doesn't make up
             | a large portion of your Total intake over an extended
             | period. It isn't radioactive
        
               | SnowHill9902 wrote:
               | Fucks up your enzyme kinetics and is much more expensive
               | than Fiji. Would not recommend.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | Thick air would be polluted or misty, I think we use 'thin air'
         | to emphasise there was no apparent substance to the air.
        
       | amingilani wrote:
       | Found a video explaining the process:
       | https://youtu.be/z8zuqR95fqA
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | It's cellular ag without any need for carbohydrate feedstock -
       | instead using hydrogen. That would make it much friendlier in
       | terms of land use than even traditional plant-based ag. Their
       | corporate website is https://solarfoods.com/ and they say they
       | will start production in 2023.
       | 
       | They're working on getting approval from EU food safety
       | regulators: https://solarfoods.com/solein-submitted-to-the-
       | european-comm...
        
       | Kalanos wrote:
       | scientific journals or bust
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | >Seriously. Solein(r) is a unique single-cell protein made with a
       | fully natural fermentation process. Using just air and
       | electricity as its primary raw materials, Solein is the most
       | sustainable protein in the world.
       | 
       | so..... instead of "wasting" time in spending water and soil and
       | fertilizer into making plants that use solar energy to create
       | "food", we skip that step and just use electricity that is
       | generated from solar energy and make protein out of it..... law
       | of thermodynamics say matter can neither be created nor destroyed
       | so unless this is reducing inefficiencies of the existing plant
       | model, isnt it 1 unit of electricty=1 unit of protein?
       | 
       | or are they aiming for heatpump style efficiencies? 5:1??
        
         | philipkglass wrote:
         | New solar farms use panels that can achieve light-to-
         | electricity efficiency over 20% [1]. Electrolytic splitting of
         | water to produce hydrogen is about 80% efficient [2] for a
         | combined efficiency of ~17%. Growing potatoes -- a calorie
         | dense but not particularly protein rich crop -- converts only
         | about 1.7% of sunlight to edible calories [3].
         | 
         | The intuition behind cultivating hydrogen oxidizing bacteria
         | for single cell protein is that the coupled efficiency of solar
         | photovoltaics plus electrolyzers can be an order of magnitude
         | more productive per hectare for sunlight-to-protein than
         | growing crops in fields. It doesn't require irrigation, weed
         | control, pest control, tilling, or harvesters. It can use land
         | that is too dry, rocky, hot, cold, or contaminated to grow
         | crops. It's still an open question whether the output protein
         | can be of a quality and price that it will out-compete e.g.
         | conventionally grown soybeans, because despite all these
         | advantages it is _also_ much more capital intensive than
         | growing beans.
         | 
         | I recently wrote a longer comment about hydrogen oxidizing
         | bacteria as protein source that you might find interesting:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32288926
         | 
         | [1] from e.g. Longi
         | https://cdn.enfsolar.com/z/pp/t8gzz7lxx769/L-Gi-LE-T-TMD-059...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.quora.com/How-many-kWh-of-electricity-is-
         | needed-...
         | 
         | [3] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fes3.348
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | > _can be an order of magnitude more productive per hectare
           | for sunlight-to-protein than growing crops in fields._
           | 
           | But what's the efficiency of converting Hydrogen (and CO2) to
           | carbohydrates? Pulling number out of thin air, I'll be very
           | happy if it's 10% or 20% [1]. So from solar to carbohydrates
           | they get 20%*80%*?20%?=3% that is the double of potatoes, not
           | an order of magnitude better.
           | 
           | And the conversion to proteins is even harder. They need a
           | microorganism that can fixate Nitrogen from the air (that is
           | very costly for the microorganism) or use a fertilizer like
           | ammonia nitrate (that use a lot of energy in an industria
           | plant).
           | 
           | [1] For an easy, one step organic reaction in the lab, the
           | efficiency is like 60%-70%. It varies a lot, but never expect
           | something like 99%. In the lab, most reactions use a brute
           | force approach like boiling it in acid, instead of using a
           | specialized enzyme. On the other hand, the transformation
           | form H2 and CO2 to carbohydrates has like 10 or 20 steps, and
           | each step has a small lose. I'd be happy with a global 20%
           | efficiency, but perhaps I'm too optimistic.
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | Would Alpha fold help genetically engineer new ways to
             | efficiently process CHON into food-stuffs?
             | 
             | https://alphafold.com/search/text/nitrogen
             | 
             | I think the cool part of using solar panels to have an
             | electrified process is that you can use non-farmland (Bill
             | Gates is buying it all :), could use less water, also
             | produces electricity.
             | 
             | In the perfect future, we are all sucking on tubes of
             | atmospheric liquid cheese product. From pipe to pipe.
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | This report finds 10% as a lower bound and 60% as an upper
             | bound for the energy efficiency of hydrogen oxidizing
             | bacteria:
             | 
             | "The energy efficiency of carbon dioxide fixation by a
             | hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium"
             | 
             | https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.153
             | 
             | The authors found a tradeoff between efficiency and growth
             | rates. The highest efficiency came with the slowest growth
             | rate. But they concluded that 50% efficiency was achievable
             | at practical growth rates. Keep in mind also that potatoes
             | only contain about 10% protein by dry weight while the
             | bacteria cultivated to make single cell protein can contain
             | 50% protein by dry weight. Soybeans are about 40% protein.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | The amino acid and lipid profiles of any single plant species
         | are not sufficient to meet the full spectrum of human
         | nutritional needs, so if they can do that with a single
         | organism, it's a win. Also, most of the dry plant matter
         | consists of cellulose that humans can't digest, so eliminating
         | that is maybe a win? I don't know, because much of it can still
         | be used as dietary fiber to nourish our gut microbiome, even
         | though we can't use it for energy. I guess another factor is
         | plants may only sprout whatever part of it we can eat
         | seasonally, that is, seeds, roots, fruits, whatever it is may
         | not be a permanent feature of every lifecycle stage.
        
         | clomond wrote:
         | 'Sustainable' in the food context is much more around total
         | resource use (land, water, materials), waste products (ghgs and
         | waste water) rather than a primary focus of energy efficiency.
         | 
         | Besides - heatpumps are largely the exception in
         | thermodynamics, expecting anything more than 100% efficiency
         | for most non-heat moving applications should not be expected.
        
         | justlv wrote:
         | I'd guess it is because either photosynthesis isn't actually
         | that efficient, and/or a lot of the energy goes into growing
         | structural elements of the plant.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Photosynthesis is very efficient! .....at using carbon. Even
           | plants figured out that solar energy should be too cheap to
           | meter
        
       | helpfulmandrill wrote:
       | I think George Monbiot recently ate a pancake made from this
       | stuff https://twitter.com/Solar_Foods/status/1520023732122750976
        
         | seltzered_ wrote:
         | I'm not sure what to make of this yet, but yeah, solein is by
         | solar foods which George Monbiot wrote about in 2020
         | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/08/lab-gr...
         | .
         | 
         | The questions for me are what the input costs really are (from
         | energy material sourcing all the way to distribution). I've
         | seen a bunch of critiques of cellular ag from the
         | 'regenerative' spaces (which make good arguments around
         | monocrop farming and impacts on rancher livelihoods
         | (particularly those trying to do more indigenous practices)),
         | and also provocations of inquiry such as:
         | 
         | Gabriel Rosenberg:
         | https://bearistotle.substack.com/p/labriculture-now-4f1
         | 
         | Isha Datar:
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/IshaDatar/status/1441070303786913...
        
       | lawrenceyan wrote:
       | Link to https://solarfoods.fi/foodfarm/ doesn't work by the way.
        
       | knodi123 wrote:
       | I'm curious about the progress of Factory 1. But if you click the
       | link to follow that progress, it sends you to
       | 
       | https://solarfoods.com/foodfarm/
       | 
       | which is a 404 page not found. I wonder if maybe it should send
       | you to https://solarfoods.com/news-and-blog/ ?
        
       | fabian2k wrote:
       | > Solein(r) is made from natural single-cell organisms, which are
       | grown in a fermentation process. Water is split from the air with
       | renewable electricity into hydrogen and oxygen. The cells are fed
       | CO2 from the air, hydrogen and mineral nutrients.
       | 
       | There is no nitrogen mentioned in this explanation. You cannot
       | make amino acids or proteins without nitrogen. These organism
       | either have to be able to do nitrogen-fixation from the air,
       | which is a really difficult and energy-intensive process or the
       | nitrogen has to come from some growth medium. It certainly
       | doesn't make a good first impression that they "forgot" such an
       | important part in this description.
       | 
       | In general the interesting part of such a scheme is how much
       | energy it uses. Converting CO2 to organic molecules and nitrogen-
       | fixation are very energy-intensive processes, the problem isn't
       | that we can't do this but that the amount of energy is incredibly
       | expensive compared to using photosynthesis in plants.
        
         | feifan wrote:
         | Their other website[0] mentions nitrogen from the air.
         | 
         | [0]: https://solarfoods.com/science/
        
           | justinator wrote:
           | That would be... Nobel Prize worthy at scale.
        
             | nixonpjoshua1 wrote:
             | it was in 1918 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process
        
               | Karupan wrote:
               | Veritasium's recent video [0] on Haber is worth a watch
               | in this context
               | 
               | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvknN89JoWo
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | _" received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his
               | invention of the Haber-Bosch process,"_
               | 
               | So, all good in HN land.
               | 
               | Made my day, thanks.
        
         | juliangamble wrote:
         | I think I've heard something similar in a science fiction
         | movie...
         | 
         | "It's a single celled protein combined with synthetic aminos,
         | vitamins, and minerals. Everything the body needs."
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | "If you close your eyes, it almost feels like you're eating
         | runny eggs."
         | 
         | "Yeah, or a bowl of snot."
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Like other commenters I found this marketing website pretty
       | nauseating. The Wikipedia article on "Hydrogen oxidizing
       | bacteria" has better info and mentions how Solar Foods is using
       | knallgas bacteria at the bottom:
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_oxidizing_bacteria
        
       | dieselgate wrote:
       | Is this just yeast? The website doesn't really specify
        
       | MrYellowP wrote:
       | Sounds way too dystopian to be trustworthy,
       | 
       | and there's no explanation why I would even WANT to eat this.
        
         | bradleysz wrote:
         | If it's a more sustainable, cruelty-free source of protein than
         | is currently available, and if it's safe, why not? There are
         | multiple big "if" statements there, but should they all pass,
         | I'd be all for it.
        
           | OrvalWintermute wrote:
           | By using the term cruelty-free, are you describing dense,
           | commercial feedlot animal production only, or are you
           | including all types of animal husbandry and meat acquisition,
           | including hunting?
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | Doesn't really matter since it doesn't involve slaughter at
             | all.
        
             | PretzelPirate wrote:
             | > all types of animal husbandry and meat acquisition,
             | including hunting?
             | 
             | Clearly it's cruel to kill an animal even through hunting.
             | The animal doesn't want to be shot/stabbed/etc...
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | And yet animals (even herbivores) kill other animals all
               | the time. This concern over the cruelty of killing
               | livestock for food is such a weird human conceit.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Well, humans have the choice. Likewise, pointing out that
               | rape is common in the animal kingdom isn't very
               | convincing license for humans to rape.
        
               | drjasonharrison wrote:
               | Or transported on noisy truck without food, water, or air
               | heating/cooling, for many hours or days.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | Try to think how dystopian the meat industry feels to a
         | vegetarian or vegan person.
         | 
         | That's the explanation.
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | Reduced land use vs. traditional agriculture. Imagine going to
         | space and living off a vat of microbes grown using electrical
         | energy!
        
         | kordlessagain wrote:
         | It's made out of air my good person.
        
         | washbrain wrote:
         | In what way does this sound dystopian? Ideally this is a
         | protein source without the nasty externalities of intensive
         | agriculture and it can exist in places and spaces that aren't
         | typically conducive to food production.
         | 
         | Ideally, yes, plant based diets would dominate, but the idea of
         | turning renewable energy into supplemental foodstuff sounds
         | like a huge win to me.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Most vegetation is made out of air and water. Mostly air. C, O,
       | and N come from air. H comes from water, and some of that comes
       | from water in air. The inputs from dirt are under 5% of plant
       | mass. They have to be, or farms would dig holes in the ground.
       | 
       | Feynman talk on this.[1]
       | 
       | So, with that out of the way, what does this company actually
       | have?
       | 
       | * They have a cool web site with no useful info.
       | 
       | * They have another web site with useful info.[2]
       | 
       | * You can't even order samples of the product.
       | 
       | * They have a useful Wikipedia article.[3]
       | 
       | * It's a fermentation process, so it takes heat and water, not
       | just air.
       | 
       | * They've been around since at least 2019 and have burned through
       | about $20 million in funding.
       | 
       | * None of their PR discusses cost of the product.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2012/09/25/161753383/t...
       | 
       | [2] https://solarfoods.com/
       | 
       | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Foods
        
         | 88913527 wrote:
         | The 'holes' created by industrial farming aren't missing dirt,
         | it's missing water.
         | 
         | https://blogs.agu.org/geospace/files/2019/03/Subsidence.jpg
         | 
         | https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/sci...
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Don't worry, kevin over there in silicon valley is doing his
           | part by taking a short shower! /s
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | > Most vegetation is made out of air and water. Mostly air.
         | 
         | Most vegetation is water. Vegetables, at least, are about 90%
         | water. https://www.myfooddata.com/articles/vegetables-high-in-
         | water...
         | 
         | So yeah, except for the water content, most of the molecular
         | weight is atoms that come from air- but the water content is
         | *HUGE*.
        
         | highwaylights wrote:
         | > None of their PR discusses cost of the product.
         | 
         | Or a licensing deal with Dolly Parton. It's _right there_. The
         | ad makes itself.
        
         | dane-pgp wrote:
         | > * It's a fermentation process, so it takes heat and water,
         | not just air.
         | 
         | To be fair, if the heat is from solar or wind energy, and the
         | water is collected from rain (which I guess includes river
         | water?) then those are also "out of thin air".
         | 
         | Or I suppose you could say that air containing rain is not as
         | thin (i.e. contains more mass) than "normal" air, or that "air"
         | only refers to the gases, not the rain falling through it, in
         | which case they'd have to rely on moisture vaporators, like in
         | Star Wars.
        
         | clomond wrote:
         | Not to be incredibly nit-picky, but the costs of the product
         | right now don't matter nearly as much as the ability to scale
         | production and variable unit costs.
         | 
         | As a 'hard tech', they need to work themselves through the
         | technology readiness framework before the cost of a particular
         | material even tells you anything of value.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Sure it does. The competition is growing soybeans, which are
           | really cheap. Are they going to beat that?
           | 
           | Most of the high-tech food schemes produce some high-value
           | product. This produces a very low value product. It's
           | Hamburger Helper. Cost dominates.
        
             | washbrain wrote:
             | The competition would be carbon neutral pesticide free
             | soybeans, which I'm not sure are readily available?
             | Soybeans also typically use energy intensive nitrogen
             | fertilizers, which I'm not sure this process requires. (It
             | might, not sure.)
             | 
             | Also, soybeans need to be shipped from fertile areas. This
             | could be produced in situ in infertile areas.
             | 
             | I'm not saying it's a panacea, but it has some benefits
             | over traditional intensive agriculture.
        
               | light_hue_1 wrote:
               | > The competition would be carbon neutral pesticide free
               | soybeans, which I'm not sure are readily available?
               | Soybeans also typically use energy intensive nitrogen
               | fertilizers, which I'm not sure this process requires.
               | (It might, not sure.)
               | 
               | No it's not. This is the kind of thinking that so many
               | new founders screw up with.
               | 
               | The competition is what users are willing to buy instead
               | of you. That's regular soy beans, not whatever market you
               | decide it should be. Don't think this way.
        
               | DesertVarnish wrote:
               | Is it actually standard practice to use nitrogen
               | fertilizers with soybeans? Soy is a nitrogen fixer and
               | I've read that nitrogen fertilizers often reduce yields
               | for soybeans because it interferes with nodulation and
               | undermines that plant's nitrogen fixing capacities.
        
               | washbrain wrote:
               | Oh, great question actually. I mostly know wheat farmers,
               | so that's the model that I have in my head, but yeah it
               | would make sense they fix nitrogen.
        
               | photochemsyn wrote:
               | Apparently soybeans are often grown in a double-cropping
               | rotation, in which maize is planted first (along with N
               | and P fertilization), and then no additional fertilizer
               | is applied to the following soybean crop.
               | 
               | This seems to be a comprehensive discussion (for South
               | Dakota farmers anyway, pdf):
               | 
               | https://extension.sdstate.edu/sites/default/files/2020-03
               | /S-...
        
               | cmroanirgo wrote:
               | Making use of nitrogen fixing plants alleviates the need
               | of fertilization. An easy one: clover. Bees also love
               | clover. However you can explore other systems of cover
               | cropping (I recall Diakon radishes draw up nitrogen from
               | down low, up to the surface) which you terminate before
               | seeding your main crop.
        
             | adrianmonk wrote:
             | They didn't say the costs don't matter. They said the costs
             | don't matter _right now_. Those are two very different
             | things.
        
       | More-nitors wrote:
       | soylent green is air!!!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Ope_Welp wrote:
       | While most vegetation is air and water, the ability to manipulate
       | this into a wide variety of products is pretty incredible.
       | 
       | Leave it to one of humanity's oldest food prep techniques:
       | fermentation. Also, not all fermentation requires heat. It
       | certainly will generate heat as it ferments. Perhaps it can be
       | captured and redistributed into its manufacturing.
        
       | deegles wrote:
       | Couldn't find where to buy it or how much it costs on the site...
       | has anyone tasted it?
        
         | dougmany wrote:
         | They say: Solein(r) is real but not yet for sale. Stay tuned.
        
       | namuol wrote:
       | From 2020, so not sure how up to date this is:
       | 
       | "Solar Foods is a Finland-based start-up company that utilises
       | CO2 captured from air, water and some minerals as sole raw
       | materials to produce a protein powder using renewable
       | electricity.
       | 
       | Branded as Solein(r), the product is a microbial protein (also
       | referred to as single cell protein, SCP) obtained by growing
       | proprietary bacteria harvested from nature, in specially designed
       | bioreactors using gas fermentation."
       | 
       | https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsat.3...
       | 
       | Not that surprising that you won't find the word "bacteria"
       | anywhere on a marketing site, but wish they were at least more up
       | front with exactly how their process is "more efficient than
       | plants".
        
         | blacksmith_tb wrote:
         | Hmm, obviously cyanobacteria like Spirulina[1] "utilize CO2
         | captured from air" along with "water and some minerals" and
         | sunlight to make sugars and proteins which people can eat. Not
         | sure I'd describe that as 'fermentation' though if you do
         | anything in a big vat it's a bioreactor and not just... a big
         | vat, apparently.
         | 
         | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | This doesn't use sunlight. It uses hydrogen gas as the energy
           | carrier.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | Also Spirulina in large doses is not kind to your stomach or
           | your bathroom...
        
             | washbrain wrote:
             | Spirulina is a staple foodstuff in some places, is it
             | plausible that the side effects you are suggesting are from
             | someone not adjusted to eating it or contaminations from
             | other cyanobacteria that are known to cause digestion
             | issues?
        
             | blacksmith_tb wrote:
             | Also it stains things almost as badly as beet juice (but it
             | is kind of dramatic to have a dark greenish bowl of
             | oatmeal...)
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | IME this company is just https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorn
         | with way more money spent on PR
        
       | tambourine_man wrote:
       | I need more details than that, but looks very interesting:
       | 
       | "HOW SOLEIN IS MADE Solein(r) is made from natural single-cell
       | organisms, which are grown in a fermentation process. Water is
       | split from the air with renewable electricity into hydrogen and
       | oxygen. The cells are fed CO2 from the air, hydrogen and mineral
       | nutrients.
       | 
       | These microorganisms are then able to make amino acids,
       | carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and vitamins. They do the heavy
       | lifting in this process. We are only letting their microscopic
       | lives fulfil their purpose: procreation and diversification.
       | 
       | When it's time to harvest the Solein, the excess water is
       | removed, and then it is finally dried into a fine protein powder,
       | with no plants or animals harmed in the process."
       | 
       | PS: fulfill (sic)
       | 
       | PS2: I'm sure the similarity of the name with soylent green is
       | not lost on the marketing team, I'm just surprised they found it
       | beneficial.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | _similarity of the name with soylent green_
         | 
         | Remember Soylent, the company and product? They're still
         | around, selling on Amazon.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | it was not terrible, I used some when I reached my top weight
           | and used it to replace physical food. Tastes vaguely of peas.
        
           | vorpalhex wrote:
           | Other than some sanitation woes in their factory, they
           | produce a decent product. I use it heavily when traveling
           | since it's easy to get some soylent at my destination. No
           | need to prep food or have a kitchen, reasonably balanced,
           | tasty enough.
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | > _These microorganisms are then able to make amino acids,
         | carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and vitamins._
         | 
         | * Carbohydrates are easy. (It's actually very difficult to
         | "transform" light into sugar, but there are plenty of plants
         | and bacteria that can do that. They are using Hydrogen instead
         | of light, but so let's say it's "easy".)
         | 
         | * Lipids are even easier. (I can't remember any technical
         | problem here.)
         | 
         | * Amino acids are difficult to create out of thin air. You need
         | energy and also a source of Nitrogen. Transforming the Nitrogen
         | of the atmosphere into amino acids is very difficult and only a
         | few specialized microorganism can do that, so color me
         | skeptical. Another possibility is to give feed them with
         | nitrates, that is a very common and important fertilizer for
         | plants. It's necessary a lot of energy to produce nitrates, so
         | it's not an easy step. Perhaps they can hide the nitrates
         | inside the "mineral nutrients" that is technically true, but
         | it's almost cheating.
         | 
         | * Vitamins are probably also difficult. Each vitamin is very
         | different. I doubt they selected one microorganism that can
         | produce all of them, if that really exists. Also you need a lot
         | of some vitamins and very few of other, the amount is also
         | important. So I guess to use this it's necessary to complement
         | it with vitamins from other sources.
        
           | tambourine_man wrote:
           | > They are using Hydrogen instead of light
           | 
           | Yes, why? That's the first question.
        
           | gpcr1949 wrote:
           | The nitrogen source is effectively in the nutrients (so not
           | air/nitrogen fixation by their organism), and is provided as
           | ammonia, according to this video by Solar Foods[0]. I agree
           | this is cheating considering what is needed to produce
           | ammonia from N2.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/z8zuqR95fqA?t=136
        
         | efa wrote:
         | It's is 2022! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soylent_Green#Plot
        
       | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
       | Newsflash: all plant-based proteins are made out of thin air. In
       | fact, all proteins are made out of thin air, since animal
       | proteins are made from plants, which are made from air.
        
       | arunbahl wrote:
       | This is the first time I've encountered the term "single-cell
       | protein": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cell_protein
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | The linked pages read as psuedo-science.
         | 
         | We've had recombinant stuff since the late-70s and 80s. For
         | example, yeast are used for the production of human insulin
         | among many other compounds.
         | 
         | Is the scale of production any different?
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | Ok, so they're growing some kind of microorganism. But I feel
         | like for years I heard that spirulina would become an important
         | tool for feeding the planet ... but mostly the people that
         | consume it do so in pretty small amounts, and it doesn't seem
         | to be taking over the world.
         | 
         | From a skim, the site doesn't actually say what organism
         | they're growing. Why is it more likely to be impactful than
         | others?
        
         | Teknoman117 wrote:
         | > SCP represents options of fail-safe mass food-production
         | which can produce food reliably even under harsh climate
         | conditions.
         | 
         | Let's hope we can beat some sense into ourselves before we get
         | there.
        
       | kumarski wrote:
       | There's really only 3 sources that serve as a backstop for
       | protein - nitrogen production.
       | 
       | 1. Lightning strikes ~5% of world supply of nitrogen fertilizer
       | 
       | 2 & 3. Synbiotic bacteria + Haber Bosch - the 95%.
        
         | feifan wrote:
         | TIL nitrogen contributes to fertilization
        
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