[HN Gopher] Indian government withdraws Personal Data Protection...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Indian government withdraws Personal Data Protection Bill
        
       Author : techmagus
       Score  : 157 points
       Date   : 2022-08-04 09:44 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.accessnow.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.accessnow.org)
        
       | HelloNurse wrote:
       | The article seems to suggest a relatively good bill shot down by
       | a weak or corrupt government that serves the interests of big
       | companies with bad practices who don't want to be sued, actual
       | data predators, etc.
       | 
       | But without details, "Personal Data Protection" can be newspeak
       | for government-sanctioned abuse, like laws against "Child
       | Pornography" that are actually intended to establish interception
       | platforms. Are there good summaries of these Indian laws?
        
         | portpecos wrote:
         | I question your claim of a weak or corrupt government based on
         | the article below. It sounds like there was pushback from
         | Startups who complained about compliance intensity, concerns
         | about definitions of data storage when it came to adversarial
         | countries, and a host of other concerns:
         | 
         | History:
         | 
         | In 2017, the Indian Supreme Court recognised the right to
         | privacy as a fundamental right within the ambit of the
         | Constitution. The top court had directed the Centre to come up
         | with a data protection framework for the country. The data
         | protection law for India has been in the works since 2018, when
         | a panel led by Justice Srikrishna, a retired judge of the
         | Supreme Court, drew up a draft version of a Bill. The draft was
         | reviewed by the JCP, which submitted its recommendations along
         | with a draft Bill in November 2021.
         | 
         | Why has the Bill been withdrawn?
         | 
         | In a note circulated to Members of Parliament, Union IT
         | Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw explained the reason behind the
         | withdrawal of the Bill: "The Personal Data Protection Bill,
         | 2019 was deliberated in great detail by the Joint Committee of
         | Parliament. 81 amendments were proposed and 12 recommendations
         | were made towards a comprehensive legal framework on the
         | digital ecosystem. Considering the report of the JCP, a
         | comprehensive legal framework is being worked upon. Hence, in
         | the circumstances, it is proposed to withdraw 'The Personal
         | Data Protection Bill, 2019' and present a new Bill that fits
         | into the comprehensive legal framework.
         | 
         | The Bill was also seen as being too "compliance intensive" by
         | startups of the country, The Indian Express had reported
         | earlier. According to government sources, the revamped Bill
         | will be much easier to comply with, especially for startups.
         | 
         | So what could the revamped Bill look like?
         | 
         | Specific provisions or contours of the upcoming new Bill are
         | not known. But a senior official said that on the question of
         | data localisation, the government is considering whether to add
         | it to the planned new version of the Information Technology
         | Act, and whether to allow cross-border data flows only to
         | "trusted geographies"
         | 
         | When is the revamped Bill expected to be ready?
         | 
         | Minister of State for Electronics and IT Rajeev Chandrasekhar
         | said the government will table the new legislation in
         | Parliament "very quickly". "The government has today withdrawn
         | the Personal Data Protection Bill that was formulated in 2018
         | and re-written by the JCP in 2021," Chandrasekhar said on
         | Wednesday (August 3). "After considerable deliberation and
         | examination of the JCP's report, it was found that there is a
         | need for a comprehensive redrawing of laws and rules taking
         | into account some of the JCP's comments and the emerging
         | challenges and opportunities that arise from there. A
         | comprehensive approach to the laws will be undertaken by the
         | government and we will come back to Parliament very quickly
         | after following the process of consultation," he said.
         | 
         | According to sources in the IT Ministry, the government is
         | aiming to bring the legislation in Parliament's Winter Session.
         | A senior official said that the new Bill would incorporate the
         | broader ideas of data protection as recommended by the JCP, and
         | would be in line with the Supreme Court's landmark privacy
         | judgment of 2017. Given the significant number of amendments
         | suggested by the JCP, it was necessary to comprehensively
         | redraw the contours of the proposed law, the official said.
         | 
         | https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-te...
         | 
         | As a side note: I don't know why AccessNow.org's blog post was
         | upvoted. It's extremely light on details.
        
       | 1sembiyan wrote:
       | Did the 2019 bill have any impact on the extant data collection
       | practices?
        
       | kobiguru wrote:
       | In case you are serious about understanding why it was pulled out
       | and really care about the details for such an action, I highly
       | recommend you check the Joint Committee on the Personal Data
       | Protection report [1] the Press Release section where they
       | released the 534 pages report on it.
       | 
       | Gist of it is - the committee recommended major changes across
       | the board in all sections of the act so the IT Ministry would
       | rework the bill and present it for discussion again in the
       | parliament.
       | 
       | I know India looks like a lawless place because of the chaotic
       | news coverage in the NYtimes but it is a democracy and most if
       | not all government action have rational policy choices that
       | presented in the Indian parliament. The loksabha proceedings
       | (especially the question hour) is the best way to understand what
       | goes on in India.
       | 
       | Edit: For those without a lot of time should check the point by
       | point explanation and rebuttal for the recommendations here [2]
       | 
       | 1.
       | http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Committee/CommitteeInformation.aspx...
       | 
       | 2. https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/wp-
       | content/uploads/2022/01/JPC-P...
        
         | venkat223 wrote:
         | They plan to bring very stringent bill to takeaway alldemocracy
         | and freedom from the net.
        
         | LightG wrote:
         | You've got to be joking ...
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | "It is a democracy" doesn't mean that it isn't also a
         | frequently irrational cesspit. That doesn't necessarily mean
         | it's any worse than at least two other superpowers, but it does
         | mean it's not good. It's not due to the NYTimes coverage that
         | the country seems the way it does, it's the exported culture
         | (i.e. it is the face of IT-related international crime) and the
         | types of incidents that can be found there (closing off an
         | entire province full of normal people just because some of them
         | do things you don't like is strictly barbaric, for example).
        
           | naruvimama wrote:
        
         | donedealomg wrote:
        
         | zepearl wrote:
         | I glanced over [2] ( https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/wp-
         | content/uploads/2022/01/JPC-P... ) => right at the start it
         | mentions this:
         | 
         |  _The Committee observes that it is impossible to distinguish
         | personal and non-personal data. Therefore..._
         | 
         | That sounds to me like a crazy statement for a new law that was
         | in the process of being created since years?
        
         | potamic wrote:
         | > the committee recommended major changes across the board in
         | all sections of the act
         | 
         | This bill was under discussion for 3 years. Every year the JCP
         | keeps proposing new and different changes. After all this if
         | you have 81/99 amendments, you have to question if it is
         | nitpicking and stalling, especially when you have things like
         | the Finance Bill and Farm Bill that get passed in record time.
         | 
         | This seems like a political decision more than anything. There
         | is also the fact that the industry does not like this bill at
         | all, there are some powerful corporations who entered the
         | digital consumer space recently and would be seriously
         | inconvenienced by this move.
        
           | kobiguru wrote:
           | Not everything is political. I can tell you this because I
           | work with many of indian government departments very closely.
           | The reservations JPC highlighted will be studied and after
           | consultation with stakeholders it will tabled again.
           | 
           | FYI - The committee chairman and the IT Minister are from the
           | same political party yet they disagreed and bill got pulled.
           | 
           | Here is a good premier on the JPC Recommendation [1]
           | 
           | https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/wp-
           | content/uploads/2022/01/JPC-P...
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | Are these new concerns or concerns that arose during the
             | preceding 3 years of discussions that remained unaddressed?
        
         | eatonphil wrote:
         | Are there any reputable Indian law/policy news sites or
         | individuals who you (or anyone) might recommend following?
         | 
         | To be fair I can't think of any specific sites like that I
         | follow for US law/policy news, just a variety of people on
         | Twitter.
        
           | kobiguru wrote:
           | live Law is a legal news website and not really a policy site
           | so is the others mentioned in the thread.
           | 
           | Vidhi is a legal policy think tank based.
           | 
           | They did a point by point break down of recommendations of
           | JPC and explanation you can check it here [1]
           | 
           | https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/research/referencer-on-the-
           | jpcs-...
        
           | felixg3 wrote:
           | Economic Political & Weekly, caravanmagazine.in,
           | restofworld.org
        
             | eatonphil wrote:
             | Thanks!
             | 
             | I've followed restofworld.org for a year now and it's a
             | really fantastic site, great mission.
             | 
             | However their scope is extremely broad: "Everything in
             | developing economies for Americans", basically.
        
               | woweoe wrote:
               | I think caravan might be extremely left wing though.
        
           | mynameismon wrote:
           | > _Are there any reputable Indian law /policy news sites or
           | individuals who you (or anyone) might recommend following?_
           | 
           | https://www.livelaw.in is a pretty good one, it is usually
           | very upto date and accurate.
        
           | pvsukale3 wrote:
           | https://prsindia.org/
        
           | alephnerd wrote:
           | India is a diverse country with diversity within both the
           | federal level and the state level. I have listed a subset of
           | sources I and friends of mine from Indian policy backgrounds
           | (IAS, IPS, MHA, etc) tended to trust. This is not a complete
           | list, and shows my own regional biases.
           | 
           | Feel free to AMA me or discuss additional recommendations in
           | this thread. I don't get much of an opportunity to discuss
           | Social Sciences since I switched careers to the Tech world.
           | 
           | edit:
           | 
           | I will not dignify any flame-bait conversations. I will chat
           | with people from any political camp, but only if they chat in
           | a non-combative manner.
           | 
           | ======================
           | 
           | General Journalism:
           | 
           | Most newspapers and news media channels in India are owned by
           | Oligarchs supporting one party or the other.
           | 
           | The only Indian newspaper I've personally trusted is The
           | Tribune (https://www.tribuneindia.com/) due to it's being
           | owned by a non-profit foundation with a perpetual endowment
           | created by a banking magnate back in the late 19th century.
           | 
           | ======================
           | 
           | Long Form Journalism:
           | 
           | The Caravan - https://caravanmagazine.in/
           | 
           | Has a bit of a center-left and progressive leaning, but
           | pretty well investigated and written articles.
           | 
           | The Print - https://theprint.in/
           | 
           | Has a bit of a center-right leaning, but strong informed
           | articles on Indian Defence Policy and Developmental News (I
           | think they have some ex-MoD and IAS beats).
           | 
           | The Wire - https://thewire.in/
           | 
           | Has a center-left leaning, but a good source for articles on
           | the negative ground realities that exist in various different
           | regions of South Asia. Also surprisingly strong at Indian
           | Foreign Policy (I think they have some ex-MEA beats)
           | 
           | Himal Magazine - https://www.himalmag.com/
           | 
           | Has a center-left and progressive leaning, but a strong
           | source on the anthropological and sociological aspects of
           | South Asian studies.
           | 
           | Swarajya - https://swarajyamag.com/
           | 
           | Has a center-right to far right leaning, but a strong source
           | to understand BJP and Hinduvta politics from their
           | perspective.
           | 
           | Outlook India - https://www.outlookindia.com/
           | 
           | Good long form journalism and analysis. Haven't noticed much
           | bias one way or the other as they tend to publish ideologues
           | from all spectrums of Indian politics.
           | 
           | ======================
           | 
           | Public Policy Think Tanks and Journals:
           | 
           | Observer Research Foundation - https://www.orfonline.org/
           | 
           | Amazing articles and papers on South Asian Foreign Policy and
           | Developmental Economics. Centrist/Institutionalist bias as it
           | is staffed by ex-IAS and policymaker types
           | 
           | Carnegie India Foundation - https://carnegieindia.org/
           | 
           | Similar as ORF, but with a stronger bias towards IR.
           | 
           | Economic and Political Weekly - https://www.epw.in/
           | 
           | One of the premier Indian Social Sciences journals. Very
           | strong articles on South Asian social sciences in general.
           | 
           | Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy - https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/
           | 
           | Amazing organization working on legal policy analysis in
           | India. Very easy to read for those who are not from a legal
           | background
           | 
           | Centre de Sciences Humaines Delhi - https://www.csh-
           | delhi.com/
           | 
           | Strong research on developmental economics and regional
           | socio-political dynamics in South Asia.
           | 
           | The Diplomat - https://thediplomat.com/
           | 
           | Probably the best foreign policy magazine in the APAC region.
           | Well researched and a diverse amount of voices from all sides
           | of the political spectrum
           | 
           | Lowy Institute - https://www.lowyinstitute.org/
           | 
           | Probably the best APAC foreign policy think tank. It's
           | essentially Brookings Level
        
             | dumty37 wrote:
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | So, the right leaning newspapaer? I think OPs list pretty
               | well ballanced and great source for non-Indians to learn
               | about politics in India.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | The Print tends to lean more AAP or Shanta Kumar style
               | BJP than Modi style BJP, Congress, etc. This is a
               | reflection of politics and biases in the
               | Delhi/Haryana/Punjab/HP/JK/Ladakh/Uttarakhand region in
               | general.
               | 
               | There are different political dynamics there than - say -
               | in Purvanchal/Bihar, Kutch/Western Rajasthan, Eastern
               | Jharkhand/Western West Bengal, etc. My hunch is most
               | Indian posters on here are probably going to be techie
               | posters who grew up in ethnolinguistically mixed (mix of
               | Indo-European and Dravidian speakers) Southern India
               | cities like Bangalore or Hyderabad.
               | 
               | Also, both the posters you are responding to are trolls.
               | Please don't feed 'em!
        
             | screye wrote:
             | Caveats:
             | 
             | The Indian center is very different from the American
             | center. Economically, the Indian center is closer to
             | Bernie-Sanders than it is to Biden. The Indian left
             | (academic and on the ground) is actually communist and the
             | Indian right still tends to be fairly center-left (as far
             | as the US goes) The social left-right dimension is its own
             | thing, and does not map neatly onto similar intuitions in
             | the west.
             | 
             | The last caveat is that Indian secularism is very different
             | from western secularism.
             | 
             | _________
             | 
             | That being said, This is a good list.
             | 
             | > The Print
             | 
             | I am personally biased towards favoring 'The Print' more so
             | than the other organizations. Shekhar Gupta leads an
             | ideologically clear (socially liberal, economically
             | liberal) media house, always quotes their sources and does
             | well to separate reporting from opinion. I would not call
             | it right leaning by any means.
             | 
             | > Caravan
             | 
             | I have mixed opinions on Caravan. At their best, they are
             | great. But, they can vary between excellent left-leaning
             | journalism to outright left-wing fear mongering. I'm sure
             | you'll see some strong opinions thrown around about them,
             | and both the positive and negative tend to be well
             | deserved.
             | 
             | > Wire and OutlookIndia
             | 
             | I have a low opinion of both. I wouldn't go as far as to
             | call them a rag, but I wouldn't defend them against those
             | accusations either.
             | 
             | > Swarajya - but a strong source to understand BJP and
             | Hinduvta politics from their perspective
             | 
             | Agreed. Won't go there for news, but serves a purpose.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Glad you added that caveat to this thread!
               | 
               | A lot of Western commentators don't tend to realize that
               | aspect of Indian politics, instead applying a federal
               | American lens (though American politics is actually
               | equally diverse as well).
               | 
               | To any Americans reading this thread, Indian politics is
               | HEAVILY local party driven. BJP MPs from states like HP
               | would have entirely different opinions or backgrounds
               | from BJP MPs from a region like Purvanchal (Eastern UP).
               | In additional, most elected officials in Indian politics
               | don't really have party loyalty. They'll change parties
               | at the drop of the hat (or start their own) if they feel
               | their opportunity to climb up the political rungs are
               | best served elsewhere. That is a MASSIVE reason the
               | BJP/NDA+ won like a steamroller in 2019 - a number of up
               | and coming INC politicians changed party affiliations
               | because their upward potential was blocked by regional
               | INC machines.
               | 
               | In addition, it is very common for regional political
               | barons to split off from the national party and make
               | their own regional party - this happened with the INC in
               | West Bengal (Mamata Banerjee and the TMC), Uttar Pradesh
               | (Mulayam Singh Yadav and the Samajwadi Party),
               | Maharashtra (Bal Thackeray and the Shiv Sena - which
               | itself split into 2 parties this week - and Tariq Anwar
               | and the NCP) , and Andhra Pradesh (YSR Raja Reddy and the
               | YSR Congress) to name a few states. Captain Amarinder
               | Singh - the former Chief Minister (Indian equivalent of
               | Governor) of Punjab - himself is rumored to be making a
               | regional party in Punjab now as well after internal
               | politicking in the INC forced him out of CMship.
               | 
               | That said, similar stuff will eventually happen to the
               | BJP as well. I've heard rumblings at the grassroots level
               | in Haryana, HP, and Jammu about discontent with local BJP
               | acolytes and there is probably going to be a major shift
               | in Indian politics over the next 10 years as a new
               | generation of local parties form.
               | 
               | ==========================
               | 
               | > The Print
               | 
               | Agree with you that they are not right leaning in any
               | way. I labelled them as slightly center right due to
               | their occasional support for certain pro-market reforms
               | (ones that I do support by the way). Honestly, I probably
               | could have called them centrist but the edit timer has
               | run down on that comment.
               | 
               | > Wire and Outlook
               | 
               | I'm curious about your reasons for having a low opinion
               | of them? I've had reservations about some opinions the
               | Wire reports, but at least in the region my family is
               | from they've been pretty even handed reporting on abuses
               | of power that have occurred. W/ regards to Outlook I was
               | debating whether to add them to this list, but I have
               | read some quality articles from them on occasion.
        
               | screye wrote:
               | This is golden. It's nice to see people add context to
               | Indian politics on HN. All too often, even the most well-
               | read American has a naive understanding of Indian
               | politics. You're doing God's work giving folks glimpses
               | into the sheer difference, complexity and nuance of
               | Indian politics.
               | 
               | > but the edit timer has run down on that comment
               | 
               | such is life.
               | 
               | > I'm curious about your reasons for having a low opinion
               | of them?
               | 
               | I think part of it is because I only ever read them when
               | someone tells me about how they mis-reported on
               | something. So, it might be personal bias where I overtly
               | hone-in on the mistakes they make. I don't read either
               | OutlookIndia or TheWire enough to make strong claims
               | about their caliber as journalism houses. But when I get
               | linked to them, I make sure to get a 2nd opinion.
        
             | himalayan wrote:
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | So, the anti-semite anti-Soros propaganda has reached
               | India now?
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | Kinda. A lot of Indian internet commentators tend to
               | resort to antisemitic tropes without realizing the
               | implications, due to a lack of awareness and a bit of
               | cargo culting American political discourse on reddit or
               | 4chan.
               | 
               | There is a regional bias to all of this discourse of
               | course and it could be an upper level social sciences
               | course unto itself.
        
         | anuraj wrote:
         | While that is true on rhetoric - on practice it is not. While
         | 60% of bills went through parliamentary scrutiny prior to 2014
         | - the number today is just above 10%. Also Modi has the
         | distinction of passing maximum bills without debate and
         | bypassing the state senate altogether.
        
           | dumty37 wrote:
           | Might well have the distinction of withdrawing bills without
           | debate a la Farm bill.
        
           | givemeethekeys wrote:
           | In a parliamentary democracy, if the elected party in power
           | has a majority, they can do what you're describing.
        
             | portpecos wrote:
             | In a presidential democracy, if the Senate and House of
             | Representatives is majority Democrats, then yes, the
             | Democrats can do the same. Obama once had majority in House
             | of Reps and Senate as well.
             | 
             | There is one thing that is different. The Filibuster is
             | very powerful in the US. I'm not so sure the filibuster is
             | a powerful tool in UK's parliament and India's Parliament.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | > There is one thing that is different. The Filibuster is
               | very powerful in the US. I'm not so sure the filibuster
               | is a powerful tool in UK's parliament and India's
               | Parliament.
               | 
               | The filibuster isn't a thing in the Indian system, but
               | even in the US it can be broken by a super majority -
               | which the governing alliance in India does have. Besides,
               | the filibuster has rarely been used in recent times -
               | more often than not, it's simply the threat of one.
        
           | TheArcane wrote:
           | A sad consequence of one political party having a majority in
           | the parliament. Modi supporters tout it as a harbinger of
           | efficiency bill passing when in reality it's just eroded
           | democracy.
        
             | woweoe wrote:
             | Having a majority in parliament is the normal way of doing
             | things
        
               | ngcc_hk wrote:
               | Majority rule and minority rights are democracy.
               | Otherwise once vote in everyone is save ... might as well
               | no democracy.
        
               | simiones wrote:
               | To be fair, in many parliamentary systems it is very
               | unusual for any one party to have an absolute majority.
               | In most such systems, the winning party of an election
               | often only wins a plurality of votes, and has to woo
               | other parties to govern - either through a coalition or
               | just a minority government.
        
               | woweoe wrote:
               | India does not have a single party majority either but an
               | alliance majority
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | The BJP by itself has a simple majority in the Lok Sabha,
               | and makes up over 87% of the NDA's members in the Lok
               | Sabha.
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | In 2009, Congress Party made up 78% of the UPA's members
               | in the Lok Sabha.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Sure, though the UPA was still short of even a simple
               | majority in the Lok Sabha, and was held up by outside
               | support from the Left Front. The BJP's simple majority in
               | the Lok Sabha from 2013 onwards is the first time any
               | single party has held a majority since the 80s.
        
               | blueblisters wrote:
               | A majority in a parliamentary system still allows some
               | room for debate and dissent since MPs are, in principle,
               | representatives of their constituency and not of the
               | party. However, in India, it is illegal for an MP to vote
               | against the party line - that is grounds for their
               | disqualification - due to the anti-defection law. Any
               | debate is pure theatrics at this point and the party
               | leadership is free to pass any law they want.
        
               | happyopossum wrote:
               | > in India, it is illegal for an MP to vote against the
               | party line
               | 
               | Inn what way is this a functioning parliamentary system
               | then?
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | It's not a perfect system, but the provisions of the
               | Anti-Defection Law tried to address what was a bigger
               | issue in Indian politics - legislators changing sides for
               | what turned out to be enormous sums of (undisclosed)
               | money. In this climate, the incumbent party could bribe
               | opposition members to prop up the government, and
               | attempts to poach new legislators right after the
               | elections reached ridiculous levels.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, while this does hinder a legislator
               | from voting as per the will of their constituents even
               | where they are at odds with the party line, within the
               | Indian political system there are so many special
               | interest parties that differ from each other in minor
               | details of policy. In theory, the will of constituents
               | could have been made manifest by voting for the policy
               | adjacent party instead.
               | 
               | Again, it's not a perfect system, but it's attempting to
               | fix the obvious issues that arose in India.
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | > In what way is this a functioning parliamentary system
               | then?
               | 
               | You can ask other parliamentary systems the same
               | questions. For example, the Australian Labor Party
               | requires its members to pledge their support for the
               | collective ui decisions of the caucus, which prohibits
               | them from "crossing the floor" as well.
               | 
               | Just as importantly, the Anti-"Crossing the Floor" law
               | was passed in 1985 by the Congress Party under the
               | leadership of Rajiv Gandhi (Son of Indira Gandhi, Husband
               | of Sonia Gandhi, and Father of Rahul Gandhi). India's
               | been functioning under that system for almost 40 years,
               | and I doubt Rahul Gandhi and Congress Party will repeal
               | that law when they come back into party. That's because
               | it's their law. They wrote it.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Do Indian MPs explicitly pledge to toe the party line?
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Explicitly? No. At no point does a member sworn in as an
               | MP have to then swear to affirm their party affiliation.
               | In practice, however, the Anti-Defection Law deems
               | anybody voting against the will of the party to have
               | vacated their membership of the party, which can then be
               | pursued to strip them of membership of the house.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Is it normal for MPs to speak out against the party line
               | even while voting it?
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Not at all. It's highly unusual for a politician to speak
               | against the party line on a bill, if at all. The only
               | time we ever see fracturing, if any, is around the
               | elections, where dissatisfied members may break away or
               | switch parties. It's not uncommon for people to switch
               | allegiances if they were refused an election ticket as
               | the party candidate, or for higher level politicians to
               | form break away factions if refused the Chief Ministerial
               | position, for example. The Anti-Defection Law allows
               | breakaway factions only if at least 1/3rd leave en masse.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | > in India, it is illegal for an MP to vote against the
               | party line
               | 
               | That is not true at all. Anti-defection law is applied
               | when elected officials run on a party and once elected
               | decide to change their party affiliation. Not for
               | individual bills.
        
               | ridiculous_leke wrote:
               | It's not illegal. But that ensures their eviction from
               | the party and can potentially destroy their political
               | career.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | The Anti-Defection Law can very much be applied if a
               | legislator votes against a party whip, even for a bill.
               | There are calls to limit its applicability only to votes
               | on the government, but that is currently not the case.
               | 
               | Quoting from PRSIndia [1]:
               | 
               |  _Does the anti-defection law affect the ability of
               | legislators to make decisions?_
               | 
               |  _The anti-defection law seeks to provide a stable
               | government by ensuring the legislators do not switch
               | sides. However, this law also restricts a legislator from
               | voting in line with his conscience, judgement and
               | interests of his electorate. Such a situation impedes the
               | oversight function of the legislature over the
               | government, by ensuring that members vote based on the
               | decisions taken by the party leadership, and not what
               | their constituents would like them to vote for._
               | 
               |  _Political parties issue a direction to MPs on how to
               | vote on most issues, irrespective of the nature of the
               | issue. Several experts have suggested that the law should
               | be valid only for those votes that determine the
               | stability of the government (passage of the annual budget
               | or no-confidence motions)._
               | 
               | [1]: [The Anti-Defection Law
               | Explained](https://prsindia.org/theprsblog/the-anti-
               | defection-law-expla...)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rajup wrote:
               | Unless you support the minority party in which case
               | democracy is definitely not working and/or the voters for
               | the majority party are deluded ;)
        
             | ridiculous_leke wrote:
             | How did it erode democracy?
        
             | jitix wrote:
             | Many countries operate like this. It's the downside of
             | having a parliamentary system (which IMO is better than a
             | presidential one). Greece and Japan are good examples.
             | Canada to a certain extent too in the past (with the LPC).
             | 
             | Also for a good chunk of its history, India has been run on
             | super majorities as pointed out in this comment:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32346371
        
             | tw600040 wrote:
             | So, when majority of the people support one political party
             | that's called eroding democracy?
        
           | dustypotato wrote:
           | Wow. Do you have the source for the numbers? It's very
           | surprising
        
             | portpecos wrote:
             | I also need clarification on what he means by Modi
             | bypassing parliament to pass his own bills. That's not how
             | a parliamentary system works. Imagine Tony Blair bypassing
             | the House of Lords and the House of Commons to pass his own
             | bill. Or Obama bypassing the Senate and House of
             | Representatives to pass his own bill. It's a very strange
             | claim to me.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Not GGP, but I assume they mean that bills were passed
               | through parliament without any real debate or amendments,
               | since the governing party holds a super majority.
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | The UK has done the same when having a party majority in
               | the House of Lords and House of Commons.
               | 
               | In the US things are different. Even if there is a party
               | majority in the Senate and House, the Filibuster is
               | powerful enough to table the party majority's bills.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Unfortunately, the way things proceed in India tend to be
               | more crass - where the opposition often tries to
               | physically prevent the tabling of controversial bills.
               | We've had occasions where members grabbed papers off the
               | Speaker's desk, and members routinely try to block
               | proceedings by entering the well of the House and
               | sloganeering. This leads to the Speaker adjourning the
               | session and/or the opposition staging a walkout during
               | the actual vote. It's not uncommon to see parliamentary
               | sessions with only the treasury benches full for the
               | vote.
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | Maybe India takes inspiration from her colonizers?
               | 
               | "How did the British Parliament become a place where the
               | person speaking is constantly interrupted while the US
               | Congress is one where the audience is quiet?"
               | 
               | Answer: "It didn't become such a place, it always was
               | such a place. It started life as a collection of people
               | sent by various towns to meet the King to petition him
               | for some action or other. It was a totally formless group
               | of individuals admitted to the King's larger meeting hall
               | when and if the King permitted. As such they would shout
               | over each other in the attempt to get the King's
               | attention. Over the centuries it became more formalised
               | and more structured, and a modicum of order imposed. But
               | it has always had the character of a rowdy everybody
               | against everybody discussion rather than an academic
               | debate.
               | 
               | Famous Parliamentarians, particularly Winston Churchill,
               | have enjoyed it being so and encouraged it. The width of
               | the gangway is still two swords lengths, so they cannot
               | engage swords across it, and the cloak rooms outside
               | still have ribbons intended for you to hang your sword
               | before entering the chamber. Parliament values its
               | traditions of being a barely orderly town meeting."
               | 
               | I don't know how accurate that answer is, but it was the
               | top comment in quora. Other sites show similar answers.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | Makes sense that it's the system we inherited. For what
               | it's worth, I'd rather have my representatives voice
               | dissent loudly rather than compliance. I wish that
               | dissent was channelled productively rather than show for
               | the TV cameras, but alas, that's what we've got. I do
               | think it's a superior system to the two party US system,
               | especially for such a large and diverse nation like
               | India. It desperately needs reform, though.
        
               | HaloZero wrote:
               | I thought Modi's party only had a super majority in the
               | lower house though, don't they need both houses?
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | The party holds a simple majority (~ 55%) in the Lower
               | House, while the alliance holds a near super majority (~
               | 63%) - the Indian system holds a super majority at 2/3rds
               | of each house present and voting, not the total
               | membership of the house.
               | 
               | The alliance does not hold the upper house, though they
               | have a near simple majority.
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | 1984: Rajiv Gandhi's Congress Party got a super majority
               | (77%)
               | 
               | 1980: Indira Gandhi's Congress Party got a super majority
               | (65%)
               | 
               | 1977: Indira Gandhi's Congress Party got a majority (56%)
               | 
               | 1971: Indira Gandhi's Congress Party got a super majority
               | (68%)
               | 
               | 1967: Indira Gandhi's Congress Party got a majority (55%)
               | 
               | 1962: Nehru's Congress Party at 73%
               | 
               | 1957: Nehru's Congress Party at 75%
               | 
               | 1952: Nehru's Congress Party at 74%
               | 
               | If the complaint is, "Supermajorities aren't a
               | Democracy", then it must be agreed upon that India hasn't
               | been been a Democracy under the Congress Party for 32
               | years out of the 75 years of independence.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | > If the complaint is, "Supermajorities aren't a
               | Democracy"
               | 
               | Is anybody actually saying that? For what its worth, I do
               | think super majorities are corrosive long term for the
               | multiparty Westminster style parliamentary systems. There
               | is little incentive for compromise building or genuine
               | debate on bills. It might even work if political parties
               | had visible internal debate and discussion, and we can
               | largely agree that this is not a thing in Indian
               | political parties.
        
               | dhruval wrote:
               | The original claim was that the senate was bypassed (non-
               | democratic).
               | 
               | A majority in the Senate is democratic if democratically
               | elected etc.
               | 
               | Whereas increasing the power of the executive as is the
               | trend in the USA by bypassing the house / Senate is
               | corrosive to democracy in my view.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | _The original claim was that the senate was bypassed
               | (non-democratic)._
               | 
               |  _A majority in the Senate is democratic if
               | democratically elected etc._
               | 
               | I'm not sure what this means - that the NDA government
               | could bypass the Rajya Sabha for 90% (the number quoted
               | in the original claim) of bills? That doesn't make sense.
               | I don't see how that is even possible.
               | 
               | The only way that the Rajya Sabha can be effectively
               | bypassed is by the Lok Sabha speaker certifying a bill as
               | a Money Bill (famously, the Aadhaar Bill was a Money
               | Bill). In that case the objections raised by the Rajya
               | Sabha are non-binding on the Lok Sabha and can be
               | rejected by the lower house, and is deemed to have passed
               | after 14 days. I do not think that 90% of bills
               | introduced by the Modi government were Money Bills. So
               | how does the claim of 90% work?
        
               | portpecos wrote:
               | I think anuraj edited his comment. He originally said,
               | "Modi bypasses parliament to pass his own bills." So our
               | debates are starting to lose context.
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | I see.
        
               | naruvimama wrote:
        
               | neeleshs wrote:
               | >>Also Modi has the distinction of passing maximum bills
               | without debate and bypassing the state senate altogether
               | 
               | I think this comment can be interpreted that way to some
               | extent. Reads like one person has the power to bypass an
               | entire legislative house. That's not the reality though.
               | 
               | I do agree with you that having supermajority for a long
               | time is not a good thing. Unfortunately for India, that's
               | how it has been historically (Congress for long periods
               | of time and now it looks like BJP)
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | oaiey wrote:
       | I do not understand why legislator of a non-US country is not
       | instantly copying GDPR. It has solid spread already and the rules
       | are adequately balancing customers, law and company interests
       | (yes, that does not look like but hey, advertisement is still
       | possible). International collaboration is much easier like that.
       | 
       | GDPR has this very fancy article saying: This all applies, except
       | a law says otherwise. As a government, this is then up to you how
       | many laws you create for your own surveillance and other state
       | apparatus. Citizens get a nice benefit. Big companies anyway need
       | to adhere to GDPR one way or the other due to the international
       | market. Local companies which want to collect citizens data
       | should get their users consent. That is not so hard. Even data
       | privacy paranoid Germany has a private credit rating system which
       | works for 50+ years.
       | 
       | There is no other reason except corruption/lobbyism which would
       | require a legislator to vote against a GDPR like approach. There
       | is no risk to your economy by introducing good data privacy.
       | 
       | Just a rant. India might have its reasons.
        
         | randomperson_24 wrote:
         | India doesn't have enough purchasing power to convince big tech
         | companies (Google, Facebook, etc.) to store the data of Indian
         | residents in India. Also, there are not many local tech
         | monoliths with consumer apps to fall back on (like China had).
         | 
         | Since India depends heavily on apps & services by big tech, I
         | doubt such requirements like GDPR has would be enforced.
         | Although the right to ask a website to delete all information
         | about one and so on are quite good and could work.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | Because there will be people for whom any changes would
         | massively affect their ability to do their work/business who
         | would not simply accept something as comprehensive as GDPR.
         | 
         | As the OP article says, even if not perfect, why not start here
         | and make amendments later to tighten things up i.e. something
         | is better than nothing. The real problem is that legislation is
         | glacially slow and expensive to put into law which is good (to
         | stop kneejerk laws) but also bad since it doesn't allow you to
         | pass the 90% that is probably agreed and worry about the sticky
         | bits later.
        
       | girishso wrote:
       | Government withdrew the bill only to bring it back in a new form,
       | since the original bill had something like 80 amendments.
        
       | klors wrote:
       | BRICS countries are going to continue the social credit/aadhar
       | route and the West will watch jealously.
       | 
       | This is nothing against China/India etc., I'm sure their
       | populations do not like the direction either.
        
         | eklavya wrote:
         | How is social credit in PRC in any shape of form comparable to
         | AADHAR (SSN in US)?
        
           | dane-pgp wrote:
           | "India's dodgy mass surveillance project should concern us
           | all"
           | 
           | "Biometric ID card project Aadhaar links almost every part of
           | a citizen's personal life to a state database"
           | 
           | https://www.wired.co.uk/article/india-aadhaar-biometrics-
           | pri...
        
             | cuteboy19 wrote:
             | It's just a biometric Id system. Europe has one too, its
             | actually very similar to aadhar in scope and usage. In fact
             | the stated reasoning is identical to that of aadhar.
             | 
             | https://blog.hidglobal.com/2021/09/european-union-already-
             | ro...
             | 
             | Though I doubt wired.com would do an article about the
             | draconian European "mass surveillance database".
        
         | ksquarekumar wrote:
        
       | pvsukale3 wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       | If you want to read policy research on Indian goverment PRS
       | research is a good resource. They usually analyse new bills and
       | amendments in Indian parliament.
       | 
       | https://prsindia.org/
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | +1 on this. I'm surprised I've never come across this before.
         | Their annual reviews are on point.
        
       | marioexpert wrote:
        
         | nindalf wrote:
         | I'm always on board for criticism of any ruling government,
         | Modi included. But in this case, it seems like OP is wrong.
         | They're coming up with a replacement bill. It won't be GDPR,
         | but it'll be something.
        
         | pmg1991 wrote:
         | Wow user of this comment is just 3 minutes older than the
         | comment,
        
         | the_common_man wrote:
         | Can you elaborate more? Why is he dangerous to humanity?
        
           | sofixa wrote:
        
             | 1sembiyan wrote:
             | Not more dangerous to fellow humans than other kinds of
             | world leaders, surely? America, without nationalist
             | populists at the helm these past two decades, was clearly
             | dangerous to the people of Afghanistan and Iraq (unless
             | they are not part of humanity).
             | 
             | Self-serving politicians are the rule across the world, not
             | exceptions. The best we can hope for is one person is not
             | in power for too long.
        
               | cdot2 wrote:
               | I'm not all that worried about the safety of the Taliban
               | or ISIS
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Isolationist world leaders have historically been
               | dangerous for humanity! /s
        
               | sofixa wrote:
        
               | InCityDreams wrote:
               | I wholeheartedly agree, except >There's nothing wrong in
               | being proud with your country,
               | 
               | Carlin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOmQP9guIl0
        
               | guesswho_ wrote:
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | I like how I basically trashed all US politicians and
               | policies, their whole way of political life and you
               | assumed I'm American. I'm not.
               | 
               | And for the record, the US isn't bombing Yemen, Saudi
               | Arabia and the UAE are, with US, British, French and
               | other weapons. Get your war crimes right. Complicity by
               | selling weapons for war crimes, and actually committing
               | war crimes, are not the same thing.
        
               | yiamvino wrote:
        
               | ksquarekumar wrote:
        
         | dev080913 wrote:
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | On the spectrum of privacy india is on the furthest end of it. No
       | one cares about privacy and actively give their data over to
       | everyone. For example every vendor asks for your phone number and
       | people don't question it at all.
       | 
       | As great as the privacy law sounds I have a suspicion that it
       | will just be used by police and the government to abuse authority
       | and silence critics like they do with people tweeting anything
       | the government doesn't like. Hope I am wrong
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | Wasn't this always the case? There were once huge "phone-books"
         | containing all phone numbers in an area mapped to people's
         | names. This is not much different from giving out emails
        
       | anshumankmr wrote:
       | >New Delhi [India], August 4 (ANI): Union Electronics and
       | Information Technology Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on Thursday
       | explained the reason behind withdrawing the Personal Data
       | Protection Bill, 2019, asserting that the aim is to bring new
       | compressive legislation at par with technology landscape which is
       | changing rapidly.
       | 
       | He further said that the Joint Committee of Parliament
       | recommended 81 amendments in a Bill that was of 99 sections which
       | practically, suggested for overhauling the Bill.
       | 
       | The government on Wednesday withdrew the Personal Data Protection
       | Bill, 2019 and has decided to come up with new legislation in
       | view of a large number of amendments suggested by the Joint
       | Committee of Parliament towards a comprehensive legal framework
       | on the digital ecosystem.
       | 
       | Speaking to ANI, the Union Minister said, the Joint Parliamentary
       | Committee recommended major changes in the Bill, which was like
       | rewriting the entire Bill.
       | 
       | "The Joint Parliamentary Committee did very extensive work. They
       | consulted a very large number of stakeholders. After it, the
       | Joint Committee of Parliament gave a very comprehensive report
       | which recommended 81 amendments in a Bill that was of 99
       | sections, it was practically rewriting the entire bill. Apart
       | from the amendments, they were some 12 major suggestions were
       | there from the committee," said Vaishnaw.
       | 
       | He said that it was important to withdraw the old Bill to come up
       | with a contemporary and modern legal framework to tackle the
       | challenges of coping with the rapidly changing technology.
       | 
       | https://theprint.in/india/personal-data-protection-bill-with...
       | 
       | Let's see what happens. Personally, most people really don't
       | cares about their data privacy, it only really became a talking
       | point when TikTok started gaining dominance in India cause China
       | is a geopolitical and millitary threat. I don't have any real
       | hopes of them enacting something close to the GDPR ever.
        
       | Kukumber wrote:
       | You can guess how sovereign a country is by how they protect
       | their own people, and how much effort they put into it (or rather
       | their lack of motivation)
       | 
       | To me this looks like their government have different interests
       | to protect, than protecting their own people
       | 
       | Not a great outlook for the future of India, in a world where
       | tech will be even more predominant and cyberwarfare will pose
       | serious threat to democracy
       | 
       | They are at the mercy of the american tech giants, maybe they
       | lobby over there? I wouldn't be surprised since both Google and
       | Microsoft are present over there
        
         | mynameismon wrote:
         | > _To me this looks like their government have different
         | interests to protect, than protecting their own people_
         | 
         | Where did you derive this from? They are not scrapping the bill
         | in its entirety, rather, they are bringing out a replacement
         | bill.
        
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